Transparent conductive film

Abstract

A transparent heater (1) comprises an insulator (3), and a fine wire (20) that is provided to the insulator (3) and has a plurality of arcs. The plurality of arcs form a single circle by being combined after parallel translation.

Description

Transparent conductive film

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a transparent conductive film.

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a heating conductor having a patterned conductor. In Patent Document 1, the patterned conductor includes a first pattern structure and a second pattern structure formed using conductive thin wires. The first pattern structure and the second pattern structure have unit pattern structures arranged in different directions. This reduces the amount of light beams that are generated when the heating conductor is irradiated with light.

[0003] Patent No. 6913297

[0004] Incidentally, Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which the unit patterns in the first pattern structure and the second pattern structure are a natural number of semicircles. In this configuration, diffracted light diffracted by the outer part of the semicircle (first diffracted light) and diffracted light diffracted by the inner part of the semicircle (second diffracted light) cancel each other out, which is thought to enable a reduction in light beams.

[0005] However, since the conductive thin wire has a wiring width, the outer length of the semicircle differs from the inner length of the semicircle. This results in a difference in the amount of light of the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light. As a result, the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light cannot cancel each other out, and there is a risk that the light beams cannot be reduced.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made in view of the above points, and its purpose is to reduce glare.

[0007] One embodiment of the present disclosure is a transparent conductive film, comprising an insulator and a conductive line disposed on the insulator and having a plurality of arcs, the arcs being combined to form a single circle after translation.

[0008] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a front view schematically illustrating a transparent heater (transparent conductive film) according to the first embodiment provided over the entire surface of an automobile windshield, and a top view showing a partially enlarged configuration of the transparent heater. FIG. 2A is a partially enlarged view of portion A in FIG. 1. FIG. 2B is a partially enlarged view of portion B in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 2A. FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2A according to Modification 1 of the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2A according to Modification 2 of the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2A according to Modification 3 of the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2A according to Modification 4 of the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2A according to Modification 5 of the first embodiment. FIG. 9A is a view corresponding to FIG. 2B according to Modification 6 of the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2B according to Modification 7 of the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2A according to the second embodiment. FIG. 12 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2A according to a modification of the second embodiment. Fig. 13 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2A according to a third embodiment. Fig. 14 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2A according to another embodiment. Fig. 15 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2A according to another embodiment. Fig. 16 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2A according to another embodiment. Fig. 17 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2A according to another embodiment. Fig. 18 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2A according to another embodiment. Fig. 19 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2A according to another embodiment.

[0010] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present invention, its applications, or uses.

[0011] [First Embodiment] Fig. 1 shows a transparent heater 1 (transparent conductive film) according to a first embodiment. The transparent heater 1 can be used as heat-generating glass by being attached to a glass plate via an adhesive such as OCA. Fig. 1 also shows a schematic diagram of an automobile 100 in which the transparent heater 1 is provided over the entire surface of the windshield FG. The dashed rectangular frame in Fig. 1 shows an enlarged portion of the transparent heater 1 provided over the entire surface of the windshield FG of the automobile 100.

[0012] 1 will be referred to as the "upper side" of the transparent heater 1, and the opposite side will be referred to as the "lower side" of the transparent heater 1, and the positional relationship of the elements constituting the transparent heater 1 will be defined accordingly. Note that this positional relationship is unrelated to the orientation of the transparent heater 1 or a product to which the transparent heater 1 is applied in actual use.

[0013] In the following description, for convenience of explanation, the left-right direction on the paper of Figures 2A and 2B is referred to as a first direction D1. The up-down direction on the paper of Figures 2A and 2B is referred to as a second direction D2. Note that, although the terms arc, semicircle, and circle are used in the following description, these may be polygons that can substantially approximate arcs, semicircles, and circles.

[0014] 1 to 3, the transparent heater 1 includes an insulator 3. The insulator 3 is transparent. The thickness of the insulator 3 is, for example, 25 μm or more and 200 μm or less.

[0015] As shown in FIG. 3, the insulator 3 has a first layer 4 and a second layer 5 .

[0016] The first layer 4 is made of a transparent resin material, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), cycloolefin polymer (COP), cycloolefin copolymer (COC), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0017] The second layer 5 is laminated on the upper side of the first layer 4. The second layer 5 is a layer for forming a plurality of grooves 6, which will be described later. The second layer 5 is made of an insulating and transparent resin material. The thickness of the second layer 5 is formed to be greater than the depth of the grooves 6, which will be described later.

[0018] A plurality of grooves 6 are provided on the upper surface 3a (surface of the second layer 5) of the insulator 3 (see FIG. 3). Each groove 6 has a bottom and is recessed from the upper surface 3a in the thickness direction of the insulator 3. The depth of each groove 6 is set to, for example, not less than 0.8 μm and not more than 4.0 μm.

[0019] (Heat-generating electrodes) The transparent heater 1 includes a plurality of heat-generating electrodes. As shown in Fig. 1, the plurality of heat-generating electrodes are configured of a first electrode 11 and a second electrode 12. The first electrode 11 is configured of a first pattern 11a (first pattern). The second electrode 12 is configured of a second pattern 12a (second pattern).

[0020] The first pattern 11 a and the second pattern 12 a are configured by a plurality of electrically conductive thin wires 20 (conductive wires). The line width of each thin wire 20 is, for example, 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. The configurations of the first pattern 11 a and the second pattern 12 a will be described later.

[0021] The first electrode 11 (first pattern 11a) and the second electrode 12 (second pattern 12a) are provided apart from each other.

[0022] (Cross-sectional structure of thin wires) Next, a cross-sectional structure of the thin wires 20 will be described. Each thin wire 20 includes a conductive metal buried in each groove 6. As shown in Fig. 3, each thin wire 20 is composed of an adhesion layer 21, a seed layer 22, a conductive layer 23, and a blackening layer 24.

[0023] The adhesion layer 21 is an element for ensuring adhesion of the seed layer 22 to the groove portion 6. The adhesion layer 21 is, for example, a metal layer composed of a metal nitride or metal oxide containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ni, Al, V, W, Ta, Si, Cr, Ag, Mo, Cu, and Zn. The adhesion layer 21 may be a single layer or a laminate in which multiple layers with different compositions are stacked. The adhesion layer 21 is arranged in the form of a thin film on the groove portion 6 by, for example, vapor deposition or sputtering.

[0024] The seed layer 22 has a function of bonding the conductive layer 23 to the adhesion layer 21. Specifically, the seed layer 22 functions as a cathode for depositing a plating solution containing copper (Cu) or the like, which will be described later, on the adhesion layer 21 in this embodiment, during, for example, an electroplating process for forming the conductive layer 23. The seed layer 22 is deposited as a thin film on the adhesion layer 21 by, for example, vapor deposition or sputtering.

[0025] The conductive layer 23 is made of a conductive metal such as copper (Cu). The conductive layer 23 is formed, for example, by electroplating. When the electroplating is performed, the seed layer 22 and the conductive layer 23 are formed integrally. This makes it impossible to distinguish the interface between the seed layer 22 and the conductive layer 23. Note that although copper (Cu) is suitable as the main component of the plating solution used in the electroplating, metals other than copper (for example, silver or gold) may also be included.

[0026] The blackening layer 24 has the function of making the thin wires 20 less visible when viewed from above the transparent heater 1. The blackening layer 24 is laminated on the surface of the conductive layer 23. The blackening layer 24 is formed by substituting palladium for copper crystal grains located at the boundaries between copper crystal grains located on the surface of the conductive layer 23 (blackening treatment). The thickness of the blackening layer 24 is, for example, 7 nm or more and 10 nm or less.

[0027] (Bus Bars) As shown in Fig. 1 , the transparent heater 1 includes a first bus bar 13 (first bus bar) and a second bus bar 14 (second bus bar). The first bus bar 13 and the second bus bar 14 are connected to the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, respectively. The first bus bar 13 is connected to an external power supply device via a first connection portion 15 (first connection portion). The second bus bar 14 is connected to an external power supply device via a second connection portion 16 (second connection portion).

[0028] When power is supplied from an external power supply device to the first bus bar 13 and the second bus bar 14, a current flows through the thin wires 20 in the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12. As a result, the thin wires 20 generate heat due to their wiring resistance, thereby heating the entire insulator 3. In other words, the first bus bar 13 and the second bus bar 14 are connected via the thin wires 20.

[0029] The second electrode 12 (second pattern 12 a) is disposed farther away from the first connection portion 15 and the second connection portion 16 than the first electrode 11 (first pattern 11 a). The second electrode 12 is spaced apart from the first electrode 11.

[0030] 2A, the first pattern 11a is made up of a plurality of semicircles. Specifically, the first pattern 11a is made up of semicircles 111 to 118. Note that the semicircle here refers to the arc portion of the semicircle and does not include the diameter portion of the semicircle.

[0031] Semicircle 111 (first semicircle) is a semicircle whose diameter is point P1 (first point) and point P2 (second point). Semicircle 112 (second semicircle) is a semicircle whose diameter is point P2 and point P3 (third point). Semicircle 112 is a semicircle obtained by rotating semicircle 111 by 180 degrees around point P2 as the base point. In other words, semicircles 111 and 112 form a single circle when translated (combined after translation).

[0032] As shown in FIG. 2A , when light is incident on the semicircle 111, diffracted light C1 is generated by the inner portion of the semicircle 111, and diffracted light C2 is generated by the outer portion of the semicircle 111. Because the thin wire 20 has a wiring width, the inner and outer portions of the semicircle 111 have different lengths, and the amount of diffracted light C1 does not match the amount of diffracted light C2. Therefore, if the wiring pattern were composed of only one semicircle, the diffracted light C1 and the diffracted light C2 would not cancel each other out, and light beam reduction might not be achieved. In contrast, in this embodiment, when the semicircles 111 and 112 are translated, they form a single circle. As a result, diffracted light C3 diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 112 and the diffracted light C1 cancel each other out. Diffracted light C4 diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 112 and the diffracted light C2 cancel each other out. Therefore, light beam reduction can be achieved.

[0033] Semicircle 113 (third semicircle) is a semicircle whose diameter is points P3 and P4 (fourth point). Semicircle 114 (fourth semicircle) is a semicircle whose diameter is points P4 and P5. Semicircle 113 is obtained by inverting semicircle 112 with respect to line L1 and then rotating it by angle θ1 (first angle) around point P3. That is, semicircle 113 is symmetrical to semicircle 112 with respect to the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting points P1 and P5. Semicircle 114 is obtained by inverting semicircle 111 with respect to line L1 and then rotating it by angle θ1 around point P3. Semicircle 114 is symmetrical to semicircle 111 with respect to the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting points P1 and P5. Therefore, when semicircles 113 and 114 are translated, they form a single circle. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of semicircle 113 and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of semicircle 114 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of semicircle 114 and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of semicircle 114 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0034] Note that points P1, P2, and P3 are aligned on a straight line. Points P3, P4, and P5 are aligned on a straight line. Point P4 is obtained by rotating point P2 by an angle θ1 around point P3. Point P5 is obtained by rotating point P1 by an angle θ1 around point P3. The distance between points P1 and P2, the distance between points P2 and P3, the distance between points P3 and P4, and the distance between points P4 and P5 are the same. Line L1 is a line connecting point P1 and point P3.

[0035] In the first pattern 11a, semicircles 111 to 114 are arranged continuously in the first direction D1. In this embodiment, the angle θ1 is approximately 120 degrees. That is, in the first pattern 11a, points P1 to P5 are arranged in a triangular wave pattern in the first direction D1. This prevents the semicircles 111 to 114 arranged in the first direction D1 from being simply arranged, thereby reducing the amount of light beams. The angle θ1 may be any angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0036] The semicircle 115 (fifth semicircle) is a semicircle whose diameter is points P6 and P2. The semicircle 116 (sixth semicircle) is a semicircle whose diameter is points P2 and P7 (fifth point). The semicircle 115 is obtained by rotating the semicircle 111 by an angle θ2 (second angle) around point P2. The semicircle 116 is obtained by rotating the semicircle 112 by an angle θ2 around point P2. In other words, when the semicircles 115 and 116 are translated, they form a single circle. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 115 and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 116 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 115 and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 116 cancel each other out. Therefore, the light beams can be reduced.

[0037] Semicircle 117 (seventh semicircle) is a semicircle whose diameter is points P7 and P8. Semicircle 118 (eighth semicircle) is a semicircle whose diameter is points P8 and P9. Semicircle 117 is obtained by inverting semicircle 116 with respect to line L2 and then rotating it by an angle θ3 around point P7. That is, semicircle 117 is symmetrical to semicircle 116 with respect to a line that passes through point P7 and is parallel to the line connecting points P1 and P5. Semicircle 118 is obtained by inverting semicircle 115 with respect to line L2 and then rotating it by an angle θ3 around point P7. That is, semicircle 118 is symmetrical to semicircle 115 with respect to a line that passes through point P7 and is parallel to the line connecting points P1 and P5. Therefore, when semicircles 117 and 118 are translated, they form a single circle. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of semicircle 117 and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of semicircle 118 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of semicircle 117 and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of semicircle 118 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0038] Note that points P6, P2, and P7 are aligned on a straight line. Points P7, P8, and P9 are aligned on a straight line. Point P6 is obtained by rotating point P6 through an angle θ2 around point P2 as the base point. Point P7 is obtained by rotating point P3 through an angle θ2 around point P2 as the base point. Point P8 is obtained by rotating point P2 through an angle θ3 around point P7 as the base point. Point P9 is obtained by rotating point P6 through an angle θ3 around point P7 as the base point. The distance between points P6 and P2, the distance between points P2 and P7, the distance between points P7 and P8, and the distance between points P8 and P9 are the same. Line L2 is a line connecting points P6 and P7.

[0039] In the first pattern 11a, semicircles 115-118 are arranged continuously in the second direction D2. In this embodiment, the angle θ3 in the first pattern 11a is approximately 120 degrees. That is, in the first pattern 11a, points P6, P2, P7-P9 are arranged in a triangular wave pattern in the second direction D2. This prevents the semicircles arranged in the second direction D2 from being simply arranged, thereby reducing the amount of light beams. Note that the angle θ3 should be greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0040] In this embodiment, the angle θ2 is 90 degrees, which allows the semicircles 111 to 114 arranged side by side in the first direction D1 and the semicircles 115 to 118 arranged side by side in the second direction D2 to be spaced apart, thereby reducing the wiring resistance of the wiring pattern.

[0041] (Configuration of Second Pattern) As shown in FIG. 2B , the second pattern 12a is configured of semicircles 111 to 118, similar to the first pattern 11a. The diameters (second radii) of the semicircles 111 to 118 of the second pattern 12a are smaller than the diameters (first radii) of the semicircles 111 to 118 of the first pattern 11a. Therefore, the density of the thin wires 20 is higher in the second pattern 12a than in the first pattern 11a. By arranging the second electrode 12 (second pattern 12a) at a greater distance from the first connection portion 15 and the second connection portion 16 than the first electrode 11 (first pattern 11a), it is possible to level out the heat generation amount of the transparent heater, thereby reducing uneven heating.

[0042] [Variation 1 of the First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the semicircles 111 to 114 in the first pattern 11a (second pattern 12a) are arranged continuously in the first direction D1, and the semicircles 115 to 118 are arranged continuously in the second direction D2, but some of them may be omitted.

[0043] 4, in the first pattern 11a, semicircles 115 to 118 are omitted from the center of both the left and right ends of the page and from the top and bottom ends of the center of the page. This reduces the wiring resistance of the first pattern 11a. Note that, instead of the semicircles 115 to 118, the semicircles 111 to 114 may also be omitted.

[0044] The second pattern 12a is configured in the same manner as the first pattern 11a, and is therefore not shown in the drawings.

[0045] [Modification 2 of First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the angles θ1 and θ3 are approximately 120 degrees, but this is not limiting. As shown in Fig. 5, the angles θ1 and θ3 may be 180 degrees. Even with the configuration of Fig. 5, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

[0046] The second pattern 12a is configured in the same manner as the first pattern 11a, and is therefore not shown in the drawings.

[0047] [Third Modification of First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the first pattern 11a (second pattern 12a) is configured with the semicircles 111 to 118, but the semicircles 113, 114, 117, and 118 may be omitted.

[0048] As shown in Fig. 6, the first pattern 11a is composed of semicircles 111, 112, 115, and 116. Therefore, in Fig. 6, the semicircles 111 and 112 are arranged continuously from the upper left to the lower right of the page. The semicircles 115 and 116 are arranged continuously from the lower left to the upper right of the page. Even with the configuration in Fig. 6, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

[0049] The second pattern 12a is configured in the same manner as the first pattern 11a, and is therefore not shown in the drawings.

[0050] [Fourth Modification of First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the semicircle 113 in the first pattern 11a (second pattern 12a) is formed by inverting the semicircle 112 about the straight line L1 and then rotating it, and the semicircle 114 is formed by inverting the semicircle 111 about the straight line L1 and then rotating it, but this is not limiting. Similarly, the semicircle 117 is formed by inverting the semicircle 116 about the straight line L2 and then rotating it, and the semicircle 118 is formed by inverting the semicircle 115 about the straight line L2 and then rotating it, but this is not limiting.

[0051] As shown in FIG. 7 , semicircle 113 is rotated by an angle θ1 around point P3. Semicircle 114 is rotated by an angle θ1 around point P3. Semicircle 117 is rotated by an angle θ3 around point P7. Semicircle 118 is rotated by an angle θ3 around point P7. That is, semicircles 113 and 114 are each rotated by an angle θ1 around point P3 without inverting semicircles 112 and 111 with respect to line L1. Semicircles 117 and 118 are each rotated by an angle θ3 around point P7 without inverting semicircles 116 and 115 with respect to line L2. The configuration of FIG. 7 can also achieve the same effects as the first embodiment.

[0052] The second pattern 12a is configured in the same manner as the first pattern 11a, and is therefore not shown in the drawings.

[0053] [Fifth Modification of First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the first pattern 11a (second pattern 12a) is configured of semicircles 111 to 118. However, each of the semicircles 111 to 118 may be configured of a plurality of semicircles.

[0054] As shown in Fig. 8, in the first pattern 11a, each of the semicircles 111 to 118 is made up of three semicircles. Even with the configuration in Fig. 8, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

[0055] The second pattern 12a is configured in the same manner as the first pattern 11a, and is therefore not shown in the drawings.

[0056] [Sixth Modification of First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the diameter of each semicircle of the second pattern 12a is longer than the diameter of the first pattern 11a, but this is not limiting.

[0057] 2A and 9, the thin wires 20 (second conductive wires) constituting (included in) the second pattern 12a may have a wider wiring width than the thin wires 20 (first conductive wires) constituting (included in) the first pattern 11a. This results in a higher density of thin wires 20 in the second pattern 12a than in the first pattern 11a. By arranging the second electrode 12 (second pattern 12a) at a greater distance from the first connection portion 15 and the second connection portion 16 than the first electrode 11 (first pattern 11a), it is possible to level out the heat generation amount of the transparent heater, thereby reducing uneven heating.

[0058] [Seventh Modification of First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the diameter of each semicircle of the second pattern 12a is longer than the length of the first pattern 11a, but this is not limiting.

[0059] As shown in FIGS. 2A and 10 , the distance (pitch E2) between the thin wires 20 constituting the second pattern 12a may be narrower than the distance (pitch E1) between the thin wires 20 constituting the first pattern 11a. That is, the first pattern 11a has a pitch E1 (first pitch). The second pattern 12a has a second pitch E2 (second pitch) narrower than the pitch E1. This results in a higher density of the thin wires 20 in the second pattern 12a than in the first pattern 11a. By arranging the second electrode 12 (second pattern 12a) at a greater distance from the first connection portion 15 and the second connection portion 16 than the first electrode 11 (first pattern 11a), the heat generation amount of the transparent heater can be leveled, thereby reducing uneven heating.

[0060] Second Embodiment In a second embodiment, the first pattern 11a is configured by a plurality of arcs. Note that the second pattern 12a is configured in the same manner as the first pattern 11a, and therefore is not shown in the drawings.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 11, the first pattern 11a is made up of arcs 121 to 128.

[0062] The arc 121 (first arc) is an arc that connects the point P11 (first point) and the point P12 (second point). The arc 121 has a radius that is 1 / √2 of the distance between the point P11 and the point P12.

[0063] Arc 122 (second arc) is an arc connecting points P12 and P13. The radius of arc 122 is 1 / √2 of the distance between points P12 and P13. Arc 122 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 121 by 90 degrees around point P12 as the base point.

[0064] Arc 123 (third arc) is an arc that connects point P12 and point P14 (third point). Arc 123 has a radius that is 1 / √2 of the distance between point P12 and point P14. Arc 123 is an arc that is obtained by rotating arc 122 by 90 degrees around point P12 as the base point.

[0065] Arc 124 (fourth arc) is an arc connecting points P12 and P15. Arc 124 has a radius that is 1 / √2 of the distance between points P12 and P15. Arc 124 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 123 by 90 degrees around point P12. In other words, arcs 121 to 124 form a single circle when translated. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 121, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 122, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 123, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 124 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 121, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 122, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 123, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 124 cancel each other out, thereby reducing the light beams.

[0066] Note that points P11, P12, and P14 are aligned on a straight line. Points P13, P12, and P15 are aligned on a straight line. Point P13 is obtained by rotating point P11 by an angle θ4 around point P12 as the base point. Point P14 is obtained by rotating point P13 by an angle θ4 around point P12 as the base point. Point P15 is obtained by rotating point P14 by an angle θ4 around point P12 as the base point. The distance between points P11 and P12, the distance between points P12 and P13, the distance between points P12 and P14, and the distance between points P12 and P15 are the same. Line L11 is a line connecting point P11 and point P14. Line L12 is a line connecting point P13 and point P15.

[0067] Arc 125 (fifth arc) is an arc connecting points P14 and P16. Arc 125 has a radius that is 1 / √2 of the distance between points P14 and P16. Arc 125 is obtained by inverting arc 123 with respect to line L11 and then rotating it by angle θ5 (third angle) around point P14 as the base point. In other words, arc 125 is symmetrical to arc 123 with respect to the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting points P11 and P17.

[0068] Arc 126 (sixth arc) is an arc connecting point P16 and point P17 (fourth point). Arc 126 has a radius that is 1 / √2 of the distance between point P16 and point P17. Arc 126 is obtained by inverting arc 121 with respect to line L11 and then rotating it by an angle θ5 around point P14 as the base point. In other words, arc 126 is symmetrical to arc 121 with respect to the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting point P11 and point P17.

[0069] Arc 127 (seventh arc) is an arc connecting point P15 and point P18 (fifth point). Arc 127 has a radius that is 1 / √2 of the distance between point P15 and point P18. Arc 127 is obtained by inverting arc 124 with respect to line L12 and then rotating it by an angle θ6 around point P15. In other words, arc 127 is symmetrical to arc 124 with respect to a line that passes through point P15 and is parallel to the line connecting point P11 and point P17.

[0070] Arc 128 (the eighth arc) is an arc connecting points P18 and P19. Arc 128 has a radius equal to 1 / √2 of the distance between points P18 and P19. Arc 128 is obtained by inverting arc 122 with respect to line L12 and then rotating it by an angle θ6 around point P15. That is, arc 127 is symmetrical to arc 124 with respect to a line that passes through point P15 and is parallel to the line connecting points P11 and P17. Therefore, arcs 125 to 128 form a single circle when translated. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 125, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 126, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 127, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 128 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 125, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 126, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 127, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 128 cancel each other out, thereby reducing the light beams.

[0071] In the first pattern 11a, arcs 121, 123, 125, and 126 are arranged continuously in the first direction D1. In this embodiment, the angle θ5 is approximately 120 degrees. That is, in the first pattern 11a, points P11, P12, P14, P16, and P17 are arranged in a triangular wave pattern in the first direction D1. This prevents the semicircles arranged in the first direction D1 from being simply arranged, thereby reducing the amount of light beams. Note that the angle θ5 may be any angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0072] In the first pattern 11a, the arcs 122, 124, 127, and 128 are arranged continuously in the second direction D2. In the present embodiment, the angle θ6 in the first pattern 11a is approximately 120 degrees. That is, in the first pattern 11a, points P13, P12, P15, P18, and P19 are arranged in a triangular wave pattern in the second direction D2. This prevents the semicircles arranged in the second direction D2 from being simply arranged, thereby reducing the amount of light beams. Note that the angle θ6 may be any angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0073] The arcs 125 and 126 may be formed by rotating the arcs 123 and 121 by 180 degrees around the point P14 without inverting the arcs 123 and 121 with respect to the straight line L11. The arcs 127 and 128 may be formed by rotating the arcs 124 and 122 by 180 degrees around the point P15 without inverting the arcs 123 and 121 with respect to the straight line L11.

[0074] [Modification of Second Embodiment] In the second embodiment, the angles θ5 and θ6 are approximately 120 degrees, but this is not limiting. As shown in Fig. 12, the angles θ5 and θ6 may be 180 degrees. Even with the configuration in Fig. 12, the same effects as those of the second embodiment can be obtained.

[0075] The second pattern 12a is configured in the same manner as the first pattern 11a, and is therefore not shown in the drawings.

[0076] Third Embodiment In a third embodiment, the first pattern 11a is configured by a plurality of arcs. Note that the second pattern 12a is configured in the same manner as the first pattern 11a, and therefore is not shown in the drawings.

[0077] As shown in FIG. 13, the first pattern 11a is made up of arcs 131 to 142.

[0078] Arc 131 (first arc) is an arc that connects point P21 (first point) and point P22 (third point). Arc 131 has a radius that is 2 / √3 of the distance between point P21 and point P22.

[0079] The arc 132 (second arc) is an arc that connects the point P22 and the point P23 (fourth point). The arc 132 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between the point P22 and the point P23.

[0080] Arc 133 (third arc) is an arc that connects point P23 and point P24 (second point). Arc 133 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between point P23 and point P24.

[0081] Arc 134 (sixth arc) is an arc connecting points P24 and P25. Arc 134 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P24 and P25. Arc 134 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 135 by 180 degrees around point P24. In other words, arc 134 is line-symmetrical to arc 133 with respect to point P24.

[0082] Arc 135 (fifth arc) is an arc connecting points P25 and P26. Arc 135 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P25 and P26. Arc 135 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 132 by 180 degrees around point P24. In other words, arc 135 is line-symmetrical to arc 132 with respect to point P24.

[0083] Arc 136 (fourth arc) is an arc connecting points P26 and P27. Arc 136 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P26 and P27. Arc 136 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 131 by 180 degrees around point P24. That is, arc 136 is line-symmetrical to arc 131 with respect to point P24. Therefore, arcs 131, 133, and 135 form a single circle when translated. Arcs 132, 134, and 136 form a single circle when translated. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 131, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 133, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 135 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 131, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 133, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 135 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 132, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 134, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 136 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 132, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 134, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 136 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0084] Point P22 is the midpoint between point P21 and point P21' obtained by rotating point P24 60 degrees around point P21 as the base point. Point P23 is the midpoint between point P24 and point P24' obtained by rotating point P21 60 degrees around point P24 as the base point. Point P25 is the point obtained by rotating point P23 180 degrees around point P24 as the base point. Point P26 is the point obtained by rotating point P22 180 degrees around point P24 as the base point. Point P27 is the point obtained by rotating point P21 180 degrees around point P24 as the base point. The distance between points P21 and P22, the distance between points P22 and P23, the distance between points P23 and P24, the distance between points P24 and P25, the distance between points P25 and P26, and the distance between points P26 and P27 are all the same.

[0085] Arc 137 (seventh arc) is an arc connecting points P28 and P29. Arc 137 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P28 and P29. Arc 137 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 135 by 90 degrees around point P24 as the base point.

[0086] Arc 138 (the eighth arc) is an arc connecting points P29 and P30. Arc 138 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P29 and P30. Arc 138 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 132 by 90 degrees around point P24 as the base point.

[0087] Arc 139 (ninth arc) is an arc connecting points P30 and P24. Arc 139 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P30 and P24. Arc 139 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 133 by 90 degrees around point P24 as the base point.

[0088] Arc 140 (twelfth arc) is an arc connecting points P24 and P31. Arc 140 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P24 and P31. Arc 140 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 134 by 90 degrees around point P24 as the base point.

[0089] Arc 141 (eleventh arc) is an arc connecting points P31 and P32. Arc 141 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P31 and P32. Arc 141 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 135 by 90 degrees around point P24 as the base point.

[0090] Arc 142 (twelfth arc) is an arc connecting points P32 and P33. Arc 142 has a radius that is 1 / √3 of the distance between points P32 and P33. Arc 142 is an arc obtained by rotating arc 136 by 90 degrees around point P24. That is, arcs 137, 139, and 141 form a single circle when translated. Arcs 138, 140, and 142 form a single circle when translated. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 137, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 139, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 141 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 137, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 139, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 141 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 138, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 140, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 142 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 138, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 140, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 142 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0091] Point P28 is a point obtained by rotating point P21 by 90 degrees around point P24. Point P29 is a point obtained by rotating point P22 by 90 degrees around point P24. Point P30 is a point obtained by rotating point P23 by 90 degrees around point P24. Point P31 is a point obtained by rotating point P25 by 90 degrees around point P24. Point P32 is a point obtained by rotating point P26 by 90 degrees around point P24. Point P33 is a point obtained by rotating point P34 by 90 degrees around point P24. Point P26 is a point obtained by rotating point P22 by 180 degrees around point P24. Point P27 is a point obtained by rotating point P21 by 180 degrees around point P24. The distance between points P28 and P29, the distance between points P29 and P30, the distance between points P30 and P24, the distance between points P24 and P31, the distance between points P31 and P32, and the distance between points P32 and P33 are the same.

[0092] [Other Embodiments] The first pattern 11a may be composed of a plurality of semicircles and a plurality of arcs. As shown in Fig. 14, the first pattern 11a is composed of a semicircle 151, a semicircle 152, an arc 153, an arc 154, an arc 155, an arc 156, an arc 157, and an arc 158. In this case, a single circle is formed by translating the semicircles 151 and 152. A single circle is formed by translating the arcs 153, 155, and 157. A single circle is formed by translating the arcs 154, 156, and 158. Even with the configuration of Fig. 14, it is possible to reduce light beams.

[0093] In the first pattern 11a, the straight lines connecting the vertices of the multiple semicircles may be polygonally wavy. As shown in Fig. 15, the first pattern 11a is composed of semicircles 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, and 168. In this case, translating the semicircles 161 and 168 forms a single circle. translating the semicircles 162 and 167 forms a single circle. translating the semicircles 163 and 166 forms a single circle. translating the semicircles 164 and 165 forms a single circle. Even with the configuration of Fig. 15, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0094] The first pattern 11a may be composed of arcs of different lengths. As shown in Fig. 16, the first pattern 11a is composed of arcs 171, 172, 173, and 174. In this case, translating arcs 171 and 172 forms one circle. translating arcs 173 and 174 forms one circle. Even with the configuration of Fig. 16, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0095] The first pattern 11a may be composed of three arcs of the same length. As shown in Fig. 17 , the first pattern 11a is composed of arcs 181, 182, and 183. Arcs 181, 182, and 183 have the same length. In this case, translating arcs 181, 182, and 183 forms a single circle. Even with the configuration of Fig. 17 , it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0096] The first pattern 11a may be composed of five arcs of the same length. As shown in Fig. 18 , the first pattern 11a is composed of arcs 191, 192, 193, 194, and 195. Arcs 191, 192, 193, 194, and 195 have the same length. In this case, translating arcs 191, 192, 193, 194, and 195 forms a single circle. Even with the configuration of Fig. 18 , it is possible to reduce light beams.

[0097] The first pattern 11a may be composed of six arcs of the same length. As shown in Fig. 19, the first pattern 11a is composed of arcs 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, and 206. Arcs 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, and 206 have the same length. In this case, translating arcs 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, and 206 forms a single circle. Even with the configuration of Fig. 19, it is possible to reduce light beams.

[0098] In the above-described embodiments and modifications, the transparent heater 1 has been described as an example of a transparent conductive filter according to the present disclosure, but the transparent conductive filter according to the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, the transparent conductive filter according to the present disclosure can be widely applied to touch sensors, liquid crystal displays, organic electroluminescence displays (OLEDs), micro LED displays, solar cell devices, touch sensors, antenna devices, electromagnetic wave shielding sheets, etc.

[0099] [Summary] As a first disclosure, the transparent heater 1 includes an insulator 3 and a thin wire 20 (a first pattern 11a and a second pattern 12a) having a plurality of arcs and provided on the insulator 3. The plurality of arcs are combined to form a single circle after translation.

[0100] In the first disclosure, the multiple arcs, when translated, form a single circle. As a result, the diffracted light beams diffracted by the inner portions of the multiple arcs cancel each other out. The diffracted light beams diffracted by the outer portions of the multiple arcs cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of light beams.

[0101] As a second disclosure, the thin wire 20 further has points P1 and P2. The multiple arcs include a semicircle 111 that connects points P1 and P2 and is a part of a circle whose diameter is the straight line between points P1 and P2, and a semicircle 112 that is obtained by rotating the semicircle 111 by 180 degrees around point P2. The semicircles 111 and 112 are combined to form a single circle after translation.

[0102] In the second disclosure, the semicircles 111 and 112 form a single circle when moved in parallel. As a result, the diffracted light C1 diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 111 and the diffracted light C3 diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 112 cancel each other out. The diffracted light C2 diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 111 and the diffracted light C4 diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 112 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0103] As a third disclosure, the thin wire 20 further includes a point P3 located at the end of the semicircle 112 opposite to the point P2, and a point P5 obtained by rotating the point P1 by an angle θ1 around the point P3. The multiple arcs include a semicircle 113 that is symmetrical to the semicircle 112 with respect to the perpendicular bisector between the points P1 and P5, and a semicircle 114 that is symmetrical to the semicircle 111 with respect to the perpendicular bisector between the points P1 and P5.

[0104] In the third disclosure, semicircles 113 and 114 form a single circle when moved in parallel. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of semicircle 113 and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of semicircle 114 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of semicircle 114 cancels each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce light beams.

[0105] As a fourth disclosure, the angle θ1 is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0106] In the fourth disclosure, the points P1 to P5, which are the vertices of each semicircle, are arranged in a triangular wave pattern. This prevents the semicircles 111 to 114 aligned in the first direction D1 from being simply arranged, thereby reducing the amount of light beams.

[0107] As a fifth disclosure, the multiple arcs further include semicircle 115, which is semicircle 111 rotated by angle θ2 around point P2, and semicircle 116, which is semicircle 112 rotated by angle θ2 around point P2.

[0108] In the fifth disclosure, when the semicircles 115 and 116 are translated, they form a single circle. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 115 and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 116 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 115 and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 116 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0109] As a sixth disclosure, the angle θ2 is 90 degrees.

[0110] In the sixth disclosure, the semicircles 111 to 114 arranged side by side in the first direction D1 and the semicircles 115 and 116 arranged side by side in the second direction D2 can be arranged at a distance from each other, thereby reducing the wiring resistance of the wiring pattern.

[0111] As a seventh disclosure, the thin wire 20 further has a point P7 located at the end of the semicircle 116 opposite to the point P2. The multiple arcs include a semicircle 117 that is symmetrical to the semicircle 116 with respect to a line that passes through the point P7 and is parallel to the line connecting the point P1 and the point P5, and a semicircle 118 that is symmetrical to the semicircle 115 with respect to a line that passes through the point P7 and is parallel to the line connecting the point P1 and the point P5.

[0112] In the seventh disclosure, when the semicircles 117 and 118 are translated, they form a single circle. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 117 and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of the semicircle 118 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 117 and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of the semicircle 118 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the light beams.

[0113] As an eighth disclosure, the thin wire 20 further has a point P11 and a point P12. The multiple arcs include an arc 121 that connects the points P11 and P12 and is a part of a circle whose radius is a straight line whose length is 1 / √2 times the length between the points P11 and P12, an arc 122 that is obtained by rotating the arc 121 by 90 degrees around the point P12, an arc 123 that is obtained by rotating the arc 122 by 90 degrees around the point P12, and an arc 124 that is obtained by rotating the arc 123 by 90 degrees around the point P12. The arcs 121, 122, 123, and 124 are combined after translation to form a single circle.

[0114] In the eighth disclosure, when the arcs 121 to 124 are translated, they form a single circle. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 121, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 122, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 123, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 124 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 121, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 122, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 123, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 124 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce light beams.

[0115] As a ninth disclosure, the thin wire 20 further has a point P14 located at the end of the arc 123 opposite to the point P12, a point P17 obtained by rotating the point P11 by an angle θ5 around the point P14, and a point P15 located at the end of the arc 124 opposite to the point P12. The multiple arcs include an arc 125 that is line-symmetric with the arc 123 with respect to the perpendicular bisector between the points P11 and P17, an arc 126 that is line-symmetric with the arc 121 with respect to the perpendicular bisector between the points P11 and P17, an arc 127 that is line-symmetric with the arc 124 with respect to a line that passes through the point P15 and is parallel to the line connecting the points P11 and P17, and an arc 128 that is line-symmetric with the arc 122 with respect to a line that passes through the point P15 and is parallel to the line connecting the points P11 and P17.

[0116] In the ninth disclosure, when arcs 125 to 128 are translated, they form a single circle. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 125, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 126, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 127, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 128 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 125, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 126, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 127, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 128 cancel each other out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce light beams.

[0117] As a tenth disclosure, the angle θ5 is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0118] In the tenth disclosure, points P11, P12, P14, P16, and P17, which are vertices of each semicircle, are arranged in a triangular wave shape. As a result, arcs 121, 123, 125, and 126 aligned in the first direction D1 are not simply arranged, which reduces the amount of light beams.

[0119] As an eleventh disclosure, the thin line 20 further has a point P21, a point P24, a point P24' obtained by rotating point P24 by 60 degrees around point P21, a point P22 located at the center of point P21, and a point P23 located at the center of point P21' obtained by rotating point P21 by -60 degrees around point P24 and point P24. The multiple arcs include an arc 131 that connects points P21 and P22 and is part of a circle whose radius is a straight line that is 1 / √3 times the length between points P21 and P22, an arc 132 that connects points P22 and P23 and is part of a circle whose radius is a straight line that is 1 / √3 times the length between points P21 and P22, an arc 133 that connects points P24 and P23 and is part of a circle whose radius is a straight line that is 1 / √3 times the length between points P21 and P22, an arc 136 that is point-symmetrical with respect to arc 131 and point P24, an arc 135 that is point-symmetrical with respect to arc 132 and point P24, and an arc 134 that is point-symmetrical with respect to arc 133 and point P24. Arcs 131, 133, and 135 are combined after translation to form a single circle. Arc 132, arc 134, and arc 136 combine to form one circle after translation.

[0120] In the eleventh disclosure, arcs 131, 133, and 135 form a single circle when translated. Arcs 132, 134, and 136 form a single circle when translated. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 131, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 133, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 135 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 131, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 133, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 135 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 132, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 134, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 136 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 132, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 134, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 136 cancel each other out, thereby reducing the amount of light beams.

[0121] As a twelfth disclosure, the multiple arcs include arc 137 obtained by rotating arc 131 by 90 degrees around point P24, arc 138 obtained by rotating arc 132 by 90 degrees around point P24, arc 139 obtained by rotating arc 133 by 90 degrees around point P24, arc 142 obtained by rotating arc 136 by 90 degrees around point P24, arc 141 obtained by rotating arc 135 by 90 degrees around point P24, and arc 140 obtained by rotating arc 134 by 90 degrees around point P24.

[0122] In the twelfth disclosure, arcs 137, 139, and 141 form a single circle when translated. Arcs 138, 140, and 142 form a single circle when translated. As a result, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 137, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 139, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 141 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 137, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 139, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 141 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 138, the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 140, and the diffracted light diffracted by the inner portion of arc 142 cancel each other out. The diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 138, the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 140, and the diffracted light diffracted by the outer portion of arc 142 cancel each other out, thereby reducing the amount of light beams.

[0123] As a thirteenth disclosure, the transparent heater 1 further includes a first bus bar 13 connected to the thin wires 20, and a second bus bar 14 connected to the first bus bar 13 via the thin wires 20. The thin wires 20 are powered by a power supply. The first bus bar 13 has a first connection portion 15 connected to the power supply. The second bus bar 14 has a second connection portion 16 connected to the power supply. The multiple arcs include a first pattern 11a and a second pattern 12a located farther from the first connection portion 15 than the first pattern 11a and located farther from the second connection portion 16 than the first pattern 11a. The first pattern 11a is spaced apart from the second pattern 12a.

[0124] In the thirteenth disclosure, the second electrode 12 (second pattern 12a) is disposed farther away from the first connection portion 15 and the second connection portion 16 than the first electrode 11 (first pattern 11a). Therefore, by increasing the density of the thin wires 20 in the second pattern 12a compared to the first pattern 11a, it is possible to level out the heat generation amount of the transparent heater, thereby reducing uneven heating.

[0125] As a fourteenth disclosure, the first pattern 11a has semicircles 111 to 118 with a first radius, and the second pattern 12a has semicircles 111 to 118 with a second radius smaller than the first radius.

[0126] In the fourteenth disclosure, the diameters of the semicircles 111 to 118 of the second pattern 12a are smaller than the diameters of the semicircles 111 to 118 of the first pattern 11a. Therefore, the density of the thin wires 20 is higher in the second pattern 12a than in the first pattern 11a. By arranging the second pattern 12a so that it is farther away from the first connecting portion 15 and the second connecting portion 16 than in the first pattern 11a, it is possible to level out the heat generation amount of the transparent heater, thereby reducing uneven heating.

[0127] As a fifteenth disclosure, the first pattern 11a has thin wires 20. The second pattern 12a has thin wires 20 that are thicker than the thin wires 20 of the first pattern 11a.

[0128] In the fifteenth disclosure, the thin wires 20 constituting the second pattern 12a have a larger wiring width than the thin wires 20 constituting the first pattern 11a. The density of the thin wires 20 in the second pattern 12a is higher than that in the first pattern 11a. As a result, the density of the thin wires 20 in the second pattern 12a is higher than that in the first pattern 11a. By arranging the second pattern 12a to be farther away from the first connection portion 15 and the second connection portion 16 than the first pattern 11a, it is possible to level out the heat generation amount of the transparent heater and reduce uneven heating.

[0129] As a sixteenth disclosure, the first pattern 11a has a pitch E1, and the second pattern 12a has a pitch E2 that is wider than the pitch E1.

[0130] In the sixteenth disclosure, the distance between the thin wires 20 constituting the second pattern 12a is wider than the distance between the thin wires 20 constituting the first pattern 11a. This results in a higher density of the thin wires 20 in the second pattern 12a than in the first pattern 11a. By arranging the second pattern 12a at a greater distance from the first connecting portion 15 and the second connecting portion 16 than in the first pattern 11a, it is possible to level out the heat generation amount of the transparent heater and reduce uneven heating.

[0131] The present disclosure is industrially applicable as a transparent conductive filter used in a transparent heater or the like.

[0132] 1: Transparent heater 3: Insulator 4: First layer 5: Second layer 6: Groove portion 11: First electrode 11a: First pattern 12: Second electrode 12a: Second pattern 13: First bus bar 14: Second bus bar 15: First connection portion 16: Second connection portion 20: Thin wire 21: Adhesion layer 22: Seed layer 23: Conductive layer 24: Blackening layer 100: Automobile 111 to 118, 151, 152, 161 to 168: Semicircle 121 to 128, 131 to 142, 153 to 158, 171 to 174, 181 to 183, 191 to 195, 201 to 205: Arc

Claims

1. A transparent conductive film comprising: an insulator; and a conductive line provided on the insulator and having a plurality of arcs, the plurality of arcs being combined to form a single circle after translation.

2. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1, wherein the conductive line further has a first point and a second point, and the plurality of arcs include: a first semicircle that connects the first point and the second point and is a part of a circle whose diameter is the straight line between the first point and the second point; and a second semicircle obtained by rotating the first semicircle 180 degrees around the second point, and the first semicircle and the second semicircle are combined to form a single circle after translation.

3. The transparent conductive film according to claim 3, wherein the conductive line further has a third point located at the end of the second semicircle opposite to the second point, and a fourth point obtained by rotating the first point by a first angle around the third point, and the plurality of arcs include a third semicircle that is symmetrical to the second semicircle with respect to the perpendicular bisector between the first point and the fourth point, and a fourth semicircle that is symmetrical to the first semicircle with respect to the perpendicular bisector between the first point and the fourth point.

4. The transparent conductive film according to claim 3, wherein the first angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

5. The transparent conductive film according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of arcs further include: a fifth semicircle obtained by rotating the first semicircle by a second angle around the second point; and a sixth semicircle obtained by rotating the second semicircle by the second angle around the second point.

6. The transparent conductive film according to claim 5, wherein the second angle is 90 degrees.

7. The transparent conductive film according to claim 5, wherein the conductive line further has a fifth point located at an end of the sixth semicircle opposite to the second point, and the plurality of arcs include: a seventh semicircle that is symmetrical to the sixth semicircle with respect to a line that passes through the fifth point and is parallel to the line connecting the first point and the fourth point; and an eighth semicircle that is symmetrical to the fifth semicircle with respect to a line that passes through the fifth point and is parallel to the line connecting the first point and the fourth point.

8. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1, wherein the conductive line further has a first point and a second point, and the plurality of arcs include: a first arc that is part of a circle that connects the first point and the second point and has a radius that is a straight line whose length is 1 / √2 times the length between the first point and the second point; a second arc that is obtained by rotating the first arc by 90 degrees around the second point; a third arc that is obtained by rotating the second arc by 90 degrees around the second point; and a fourth arc that is obtained by rotating the third arc by 90 degrees around the second point, and a single circle is formed by combining the first arc, the second arc, the third arc, and the fourth arc after translation.

9. The transparent conductive film according to claim 8, wherein the conductive line further has: a third point located at an end of the third arc opposite to the second point; a fourth point located when the first point is rotated a third angle around the third point; and a fifth point located at an end of the fourth arc opposite to the second point, and the plurality of arcs include: a fifth arc that is symmetrical to the third arc with respect to the perpendicular bisector connecting the first point and the fourth point; a sixth arc that is symmetrical to the first arc with respect to the perpendicular bisector connecting the first point and the fourth point; a seventh arc that is symmetrical to the fourth arc with respect to a line that passes through the fifth point and is parallel to the line connecting the first point and the fourth point; and an eighth arc that is symmetrical to the second arc with respect to a line that passes through the fifth point and is parallel to the line connecting the first point and the fourth point.

10. The transparent conductive film according to claim 9, wherein the third angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

11. The conductive wire further has a first point, a second point, a third point located at the center between a point obtained by rotating the second point by 60 degrees around the first point and the first point, and a fourth point located at the center between a point obtained by rotating the first point by -60 degrees around the second point and the second point, and the plurality of arcs are: a first arc that connects the first point and the third point and is a part of a circle whose radius is a straight line that is 1 / √3 times the length between the first point and the third point; a second arc that connects the third point and the fourth point and is a part of a circle whose radius is a straight line that is 1 / √3 times the length between the third point and the fourth point; and a third arc that connects the second point and the fourth point and is a part of a circle whose radius is a straight line that is 1 / √3 times the length between the first point and the third point.

2. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1, comprising: a fourth arc that is point-symmetric with the first arc about the second point; a fifth arc that is point-symmetric with the second arc about the second point; and a sixth arc that is point-symmetric with the third arc about the second point, wherein the first arc, the third arc, and the fifth arc form a single circle by being combined after translation; and the second arc, the fourth arc, and the sixth arc form a single circle by being combined after translation.

12. The transparent conductive film according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of arcs include: a seventh arc formed by rotating the first arc 90 degrees around the second point; an eighth arc formed by rotating the second arc 90 degrees around the second point; a ninth arc formed by rotating the third arc 90 degrees around the second point; a tenth arc formed by rotating the fourth arc 90 degrees around the second point; an eleventh arc formed by rotating the fifth arc 90 degrees around the second point; and a twelfth arc formed by rotating the sixth arc 90 degrees around the second point.

13. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1, further comprising: a first bus bar connected to the conductive wire; and a second bus bar connected to the first bus bar via the conductive wire, wherein the conductive wire is supplied with power from a power supply device, the first bus bar having a first connection portion connected to the power supply device, and the second bus bar having a second connection portion connected to the power supply device, wherein the plurality of arcs have: a first pattern; and a second pattern located farther from the first connection portion than the first pattern and farther from the second connection portion than the first pattern, and wherein the first pattern is spaced apart from the second pattern.

14. The transparent conductive film according to claim 13, wherein the first pattern has an arc with a first radius, and the second pattern has an arc with a second radius smaller than the first radius.

15. The transparent conductive film according to claim 13, wherein the first pattern has a first conductive line, and the second pattern has a second conductive line that is thicker than the first conductive line.

16. The transparent conductive film according to claim 15, wherein the first pattern has a first pitch, and the second pattern has a second pitch that is narrower than the first pitch.

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