Methods and apparatus for fluid flow and sample positioning for diagnostic testing

Abstract

In some embodiments, a method includes: detecting, via a processor of a diagnostic sample analyzer, a test card within a test card reader of the diagnostic sample analyzer; closing, via the processor, a vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; connecting, via the processor, the vent / vacuum port of the test card to a pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample to a measurement location of the test card; measuring a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; processing the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicating the value of the fluid property. Numerous other embodiments are provided.

Description

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR FLUID FLOW AND SAMPLE POSITIONING FOR DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

[0001] This application claims benefit under 35 USC § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 846,620, filed July 18, 2025; U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 675,844, filed July 26, 2024; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 675,827, filed July 26, 2024. The entire contents of the above-referenced patent applications are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to diagnostic testing, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for fluid flow and sample positioning for diagnostic testing. BACKGROUND

[0003] A test card is a device that includes one or more sensors (e.g., a sensor panel) for measuring one or more fluid properties (e.g., physical parameters and / or chemical constituents) in a liquid sample. The test card is configured to receive a small volume of a liquid sample and to be inserted into a diagnostic sample analyzer for analysis. The liquid sample may be a biological or non-biological sample. The sample may be, e.g., whole blood, blood serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, pleural fluid, dialysate fluid, control fluid, calibration fluid, and the like. The diagnostic sample analyzer with an inserted test card therein may measure, e.g., pH, partial pressure of one or more gases (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.), electrolyte concentrations (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.), and / or other analyte concentrations (e.g., glucose, lactate, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatine, etc.).

[0004] A test card may receive a liquid sample at an inlet of the test card and the liquid sample may then be transported through a sensor channel to a sensor panel of the test card. Accurate placement of the sample on the sensor panel is required to obtain accurate measurements. Additionally, transporting the liquid sample too rapidly makes sample placement more difficult and may create fluidic issues (e.g., turbulence, sample bubble formation, separation of red blood cells from plasma, etc.) that affect measurement accuracy. Too slow of a sample transfer may also reduce measurement accuracy (e.g., as one or more fluid properties of the sample may change over time and / or due to less accurate extrapolation of sensor responses). As such, a need exists for methods and apparatus for improved fluid flow and sample positioning during diagnostic testing. SUMMARY

[0005] In some embodiments, a diagnostic sample analyzer includes a test card reader; a pump; an input / output device; a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, and the input / output device; and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: detect a test card within the test card reader; close a vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample to a measurement location of the test card; measure a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

[0006] In some embodiments, a diagnostic sample analyzer includes a test card reader configured to receive a test cardhaving a sample storage area for storing a sample, a sensor array for measuring a fluid property of the sample, and a vent / vacuum port. The diagnostic sample analyzer also includes a pump; a vent; a valve system coupled to the pump and the vent; an input / output device; a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, the valve system, and the input / output device; and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: detect a test card within the test card reader; prompt a user to inject a sample into the test card; employ the valve system to close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card; employ the valve system to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to transfer the sample from the sample storage area to the sensor array of the test card; employ the valve system to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer after the sample reaches the sensor array; measure the fluid property of the sample at the sensor array of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

[0007] In some embodiments, a method includes: detecting, via a processor of a diagnostic sample analyzer, a test card within a test card reader of the diagnostic sample analyzer; closing, via the processor, a vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; connecting, via the processor, the vent / vacuum port of the test card to a pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample to a measurement location of the test card; measuring a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location of the test card to generate anelectrical signal representative of the fluid property; processing the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicating the value of the fluid property.

[0008] Other embodiments of these aspects include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the system(s).

[0009] A system of one or more processors may be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs may be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions.

[0010] Other features and aspects of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an example diagnostic sample analyzer system provided in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates an example embodiment of a test card for use in a diagnostic sample analyzer in accordance with embodiments provided herein.

[0013] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate example configurations of the valve system of FIG. 1 in a default (unenergized) state, an energized state, and a mixed state, respectively, according to one or more embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example process ofoperating a diagnostic sample analyzer according to embodiments provided herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Independent of the grammatical term usage, individuals with male, female or other gender identities are included within the term.

[0016] For accurate sample analysis, a sample volume supplied to a test card should have a volume sufficient to completely cover the sensors of the test card while accounting for losses in sample volume during sample injection and sample transport. For example, a capillary tube, syringe, or the like may be employed to collect a predetermined volume of a sample from a patient. When the sample is injected into the test card via the e.g., capillary tube, the actual volume injected into the test card will be less than the collected volume. Volume losses occur during sample transfer as a portion of the sample will be pulled back into the capillary tube or the like (e.g., due to surface tension, adhesion, etc.) when the capillary tube disengages with the test card. After the sample is delivered to the test card, the sample must travel to and be accurately positioned at the sensors of the test card to obtain a valid measurement. Embodiments provided herein facilitate sample injection, fluid movement, and sample positioning within a test card.

[0017] In some embodiments described herein, a valve system is provided that allows a diagnostic sample analyzer to selectively vent, close, and apply vacuum to a sensor channel of a test card to facilitate sample injection, fluid movement, and sample positioning within the test card. For example, when a test card includes a sample storage area for receiving and storing a sample prior to testing, the valve system may be employed to ensure the sample travels into the sample storage area when a sample is supplied to the test card. Additionally,the valve system may be employed to prevent calibration fluid from travelling toward the sample storage area (and / or the stored sample) during calibration of the sensors of the test card. Following calibration, the valve system may be employed to facilitate transfer of the sample from the sample storage area to sensors of the test card and accurate placement of the sample at the sensors.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, a sample to be analyzed may be injected by a user into a sample storage area of a test card and subsequently transported to the sensor array of the test card using a pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer. Such embodiments allow for more consistent and / or optimized sample transport rates and sample positioning compared to embodiments in which a user manually injects a sample directly to the sensor array.

[0019] These and other embodiments are described below with reference to FIGS. 1-4.

[0020] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a diagnostic sample analyzer 100 according to one or more embodiments. Diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may include a test card reader 102R configured to receive a test card 104, a pump 106, a heater 108, and an input / output device 110 (e.g., one or more displays, touch screens, etc.). Diagnostic sample analyzer 100 also includes a processor 112 coupled to a memory 114 having computer program instructions 116 stored therein.

[0021] Diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may be configured to measure and / or analyze one or more properties of a sample such as whole blood, blood serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, pleural fluid, dialysate fluid, quality control fluid, calibration fluid, and the like. For example, in some embodiments, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may measure pH, partial pressure of one or more gases (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.), electrolyte concentrations (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.),and / or other analyte concentrations (e.g., glucose, lactate, BUN, creatine, etc.), determine blood cell properties (e.g., blood cell count, hematocrit, other composition or morphology properties), determine coagulation properties, etc., using optical measurements, electrical measurements, and / or other techniques. Other sample types, measurements, and / or analyses may be performed by diagnostic sample analyzer 100.

[0022] In some embodiments, test card 104 may include a sample inlet 118 for receiving a liquid sample and a sensor array 120 having one or more sensors configured to measure one or more properties of the liquid sample. For example, sensor array 120 may be configured to measure one or more of pH, partial pressure of one or more gases, electrolyte concentrations, other analyte concentrations, and / or the like. Sensor array 120 may include a plurality of sensor types (e.g., 2, 3, 4, or more different sensor types).

[0023] In some embodiments, test card 104 may include a sample storage area 122 configured to store a liquid sample (introduced via sample inlet 118) within test card 104 for subsequent transfer to sensor array 120 via pump 106 (e.g., after calibration of sensor array 120 as described below). Test card 104 may also include a calibration fluid source 124 configured to deliver calibration fluid to sensor array 120 during a calibration operation. A waste area 126 within test card 104 may be configured to receive calibration fluid displaced from sensor array 120 when the liquid sample provided to test card 104 is transferred to sensor array 120 for measurement. Test card 104 may have any suitable shape or size such as rectangular, square, card-shaped, cartridge- shaped, or some other test consumable configuration for receiving a fluid for testing.

[0024] As stated, processor 112 is coupled to memory 114 which includes computer program instructions 116 (e.g., one or more computer programs) executable by processor 112. Processor112 may interface with test card 104 via electrical connectors 128 located within test card reader 102R that interface with electrical contacts (not shown) at sensor array 120 of test card 104.

[0025] Diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may include a manifold 130 that includes pump 106, a vent 132, and a valve system 134 having a first valve V1 and a second valve V2. Other numbers of valves may be employed. In some embodiments, first valve V1 and second valve V2 may be electrically- controlled valves (e.g., solenoid valves, piezoelectric valves, etc.) although other valve types may be employed. As described below, valve system 134 may be controlled by processor 112 to selectively vent, close, and apply vacuum to a sensor channel of test card 104 to facilitate sample injection, fluid movement, and sample positioning within test card 104.

[0026] In some embodiments, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (e.g., within test card reader 102R) may include at least one optical sensor (e.g., a first sample-area optical sensor 136a and a second sample-area optical sensor 136b) configured to detect the presence of a liquid sample in sample storage area 122. For example, first sample-area optical sensor 136a may be configured to detect a sample entering into sample storage area 122 and second sample-area optical sensor 136b may be configured to detect that a predetermined amount of the sample is present within sample storage area 122. Another optical sensor (e.g., test-area optical sensor 138) may be configured to detect the presence of a liquid sample at sensor array 120.

[0027] Processor 112 is coupled to and / or may control operation of each of test card reader 102R, pump 106, heater 108, input / output device 110, memory 114, valve system 134, and optical sensors 136a, 136b, and 138. Processor 112 may be a computational resource such as, but not limited to, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an embeddedmicrocontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) configured to perform as a microcontroller, or the like. Processor 112 may include one or more processors.

[0028] Memory 114 may be any suitable type of memory, such as, but not limited to, one or more of a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory. Memory 114 may be located within diagnostic sample analyzer 100 and / or processor 112 or a part or all of memory 114 may be located outside of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (e.g., remote from diagnostic sample analyzer 100 such as in cloud storage). Memory 114 may include multiple memory units that may or may not be proximate one another. For example, in one or more embodiments, memory 114 may include a first memory unit external to processor 112 and a second memory unit internal to processor 112 (e.g., on the same chip as processor 112 such as embedded flash memory, one- time-programmable memory, read only memory, or another type of non-transitory memory).

[0029] Memory 114 may have a plurality of instructions stored therein that, when executed by processor 112, cause processor 112 to perform various actions specified by one or more of the stored instructions. These computer program instructions (e.g., computer program instructions 116 in FIG. 1) may be provided to processor 112 to perform operation acts in accordance with the present systems and methods specified in the flowchart(s) and / or block diagram blocks herein. Processor 112 so configured becomes a special purpose machine particularly suited for performing in accordance with the present systems and methods. Thus, computer program instructions may be stored in a computer readable medium, such as memory 114, that can direct the processor 112 to function in a particular manner.

[0030] The term "memory" as used herein can refer to both non-transitory and transitory memory. Thus, in someembodiments memory 114 may be and / or include a non-transitory memory (e.g., a hard drive, solid-state drive, flash drive, memory card, optical disc, magnetic memory, embedded flash memory, one-time-programmable memory, read only memory, or the like).

[0031] Computer program instructions 116 may include computer code that, when executed by processor 112, causes processor 112 to control operation of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 in accordance with one or more of the methods described herein. For example, execution by processor 112 of computer program instructions 116 stored in memory 114 may cause processor 112 to execute initial tests related to functionality of test card 104 and / or heater 108 in response to receiving test card 104 in test card reader 102R, control operation of valve system 134 (described below) to facilitate sample injection, transport, and positioning within test card 104, etc.

[0032] During an example operation of diagnostic sample analyzer 100, a user may insert test card 104 into test card reader 102R. In response thereto, processor 112 (e.g., executing computer program instructions 116 within memory 114) may prompt the user via input / output device 110 (or another display) to apply a liquid sample to test card 104 (via sample inlet 118). This liquid sample is stored (temporarily) in sample storage area 122. Prior to or after the sample is provided to test card 104, sensor array 120 may be calibrated with calibration fluid from calibration fluid source 124. Following calibration of sensor array 120, pump 106 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may be employed to transfer the liquid sample from sample storage area 122 to sensor array 120.

[0033] Once the sample reaches sensor array 120, the sensors of sensor array 120 may generate electrical signals representative of one or more properties of the liquid sample.Processor 112 may receive these electrical signals and analyze the liquid sample present at sensor array 120 based on the received electrical signals. Further, processor 112 may communicate the results of analyzing the liquid sample via input / output device 110 or another display. Processor 112 may employ valve system 134 to facilitate sample injection, transport, and positioning within test card 104 as described further below.

[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates an example embodiment of test card 104 for use in diagnostic sample analyzer 100 according to one or more embodiments. Test card 104 includes sample inlet 118, sample storage area 122, a sample storage area outlet 206, a sample passageway 208, a sensor channel 210, and sensor array 120. Sample inlet 118 is configured to receive a liquid sample from a user. In some embodiments, sample inlet 118 may be configured to allow a syringe, a capillary tube, a suitable pump, or other transfer device to be coupled (e.g., removably coupled) in a sealed fashion thereto to provide the liquid sample to test card 104 and may be accessible on top side 104T of test card 104.

[0035] Sample inlet 118 is coupled to sample storage area 122, which is configured to receive and hold a liquid sample therein. Sample storage area 122 may have a vent hole 122H as shown in FIG. 2 to allow air to escape as a liquid sample is injected into sample inlet 118. In some embodiments, sample storage area 122 is configured to hold up to about 170 µL or more of a liquid sample. A user may typically inject between about 65 to 170 µL of a liquid sample into sample storage area 122. Sample storage area 122 may be configured as a C-shaped channel, chamber, or conduit (in this embodiment, the cross section is rectangular). Other configurations, cross-sectional shapes, and volumes are possible.

[0036] Outlet 206 is coupled to sample passageway 208, which is coupled to a first end 212 of sensor channel 210.Sensor channel 210 extends over (as viewed in FIG. 2) sensor array 120 and allows a liquid sample to contact one or more sensor(s) 120A-N through the open bottom of sensor channel 210 (e.g., sensor array 120 forms the bottom of sensor channel 210). Sensor(s) 120A-N (two labeled in FIG. 2) may be printed into respective wells in sensor array 120. The flow configuration of sample passageway 208 coupled to outlet 206 prevents a liquid sample held in sample storage area 122 from flowing uncontrolled to sensor array 120. Sensor array 120 may be integrally formed or embodied within test card 104.

[0037] Test card 104 further includes a vent / vacuum port 214. Vent / vacuum port 214 is coupled to a second end 216 of sensor channel 210 via a waste passageway 218 (e.g., which corresponds to waste area 126 of test card 104 of FIG. 1). Vent / vacuum port 214 is configured to connect to a vacuum pump of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (e.g., pump 106 of FIG. 1) to provide negative pressure and draw / pull a liquid sample from sample storage area 122 into contact with sensor array 120 via outlet 206, sample passageway 208, and sensor channel 210. In some embodiments, vent / vacuum port 214 may be connectable to a vacuum pump on the bottom side (not shown) of test card 104. A vacuum pump of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may be, e.g., a peristaltic pump, a diaphragm pump, or a piezoelectric pump having a pressure range of 0 to 200 mbar gauge pressure. In still other embodiments, a positive pressure pump may be connected to vent hole 122H to drive a liquid sample from sample storage area 122 into contact with sensor array 120 (using vent / vacuum port 214 as a vent hole). That is, in one or more embodiments, pump 106 may be a positive pressure pump for pushing a liquid sample from sample storage area 122 to sensor array 120 of test card 104.

[0038] Test card 104 also includes a calibration fluid pack 220 (e.g., corresponding to calibration fluid source 124 in FIG. 1), a valve 222, and a bubble trap 224. Calibration fluidpack 220 is coupled to first end 212 of sensor channel 210 and contains a calibration fluid used to calibrate sensor array 120. In some embodiments, calibration fluid pack 220 may be formed with two layers of foil that are heat-sealed together. Valve 222 and bubble trap 224 are coupled between calibration fluid pack 220 and first end 212 of sensor channel 210. Valve 222 holds the calibration fluid in calibration fluid pack 220 until sensor calibration is performed, at which time a mechanism in diagnostic sample analyzer 100, which may be a plunger and push-pin mechanism, opens valve 222 (e.g., upon insertion of the test card 104) to deliver calibration fluid to sensor array 120 via sensor channel 210. Bubble trap 224 is configured to collect air pockets from calibration fluid pack 220 to prevent them from entering sensor channel 210.

[0039] Waste passageway 218 is configured (e.g., sized) to hold the calibration fluid after completion of sensor calibration. Upon activation of a vacuum pump of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (e.g., pump 106 in FIG. 1), calibration fluid in sensor channel 210 is drawn into waste passageway 218 as the liquid sample in sample storage area 122 is drawn through outlet 206 and sample passageway 208 into sensor channel 210. As stated, in other embodiments, pump 106 may be a positive pressure pump that pushes calibration fluid in sensor channel 210 into waste passageway 218 as the liquid sample in sample storage area 122 is pushed through outlet 206 and sample passageway 208 into sensor channel 210.

[0040] Referring to FIG. 1, processor 112 (e.g., via computer program instructions 116) may employ valve system 134 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 to selectively vent, close, and apply vacuum to sensor channel 210 of test card 104 to facilitate sample injection, fluid movement, and sample positioning within test card 104. As described below, valve system 134 may be employed to ensure a sample injected into sample inlet 118 of test card 104 travels into sample storagearea 122 rather than toward sensor channel 210. Additionally, valve system 134 may be employed to prevent calibration fluid from travelling toward sample storage area 122 (and / or a stored sample within sample storage area 122) during calibration of sensors 120A-N of test card 104. Following sensor calibration, valve system 134 may be employed to facilitate transfer of the sample from sample storage area 122 to sensors 120A-N of test card 104 and accurate placement of the sample at sensors 120A-N.

[0041] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate example configurations of valve system 134 in a default (unenergized) state, an energized state, and a mixed state, respectively, according to one or more embodiments. As shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, a first port P1 of valve V1 is coupled to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100, a second port P2 of valve V1 is configured to couple to vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 when test card 104 is inserted into test card reader 102R, and a third port P3 of valve V1 is coupled to a first port P1 of valve V2. A second port P2 of valve V2 is coupled to pump 106 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 and a third port P3 of valve V2 is coupled to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100.

[0042] In the default (unenergized) position of each valve shown in FIG. 3A, first valve V1 couples vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (via ports P1 and P2 of first valve V1) and pump 106 is coupled to port P3 of first valve V1 (via ports P1 and P2 of second valve V2). In an energized state as shown in FIG. 3B, vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 is closed (e.g., by being coupled to port P1 of second valve V2 via ports P2 and P3 of first valve V1) and pump 106 is coupled to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (via ports P2 and P3 of valve V2). Other default and / or energized states may be employed. To connect vent / vacuum port 214 to pump 106 (during sampletransfer as described below), first valve V1 is energized and second valve V2 is not energized as shown in FIG. 3C. In this configuration, vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 is coupled to pump 106 via ports P2 and P3 of first valve V1 and ports P1 and P2 of second valve V2.

[0043] Computer program instructions 116 within memory 114 may be executed by processor 112 to cause processor 112 to control operation of diagnostic sample analyzer 100, and in particular, valve system 134. For example, in some embodiments, memory 114 includes computer program instructions 116 that, when executed by processor 112, cause processor 112 to detect test card 104 within test card reader 102R (e.g., by detecting test card 104 as it makes electrical contact with diagnostic sample analyzer 100 via electrical connectors 128). First valve V1 and second valve V2 may be off (e.g., unenergized as shown in FIG. 3A) during test card insertion.

[0044] In some embodiments, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may initiate calibration of sensors 120A-N of test card 104 immediately after test card 104 is received within test card reader 102R (e.g., prior to a liquid sample being injected into test card 104). In other embodiments, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may initiate calibration of sensors 120A-N of test card 104 after a liquid sample is injected into test card 104. In either case, when sensor calibration is to be performed, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may deliver calibration fluid from calibration fluid pack 220 to sensors 120A-N of sensor array 120 via sensor channel 210 and then process one or more calibration measurement signals received from sensors 120A-N to determine one or more calibration measurement values.

[0045] Calibration fluid released via valve 222 of test card 104 moves from calibration fluid pack 220 to sensor channel 210. While test card reader 102R is pushing the calibration fluid out of calibration fluid pack 220, the airbeing displaced within test card 104 may be vented through vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104. If sensor channel 210 is not vented during calibration fluid release, back pressure will build within sensor channel 210 that prevents the calibration fluid from reaching sensors 120A-N. Additionally, calibration fluid may be forced into sample passageway 208 toward sample storage area 122 and result in an unsuccessful test. As such, processor 112 (via suitable computer program instructions 116) may employ valve system 134 to ensure that vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 is connected to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 during transfer of calibration fluid to sensor 120A-N (e.g., by placing first valve V1 in its default position as shown in FIG. 3A).

[0046] To ensure that any sample injected into test card 104 (via sample inlet 118) travels to sample storage area 122 and not toward sensor array 120 via sample passageway 208 (FIG. 2), processor 112 may close vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 during injection of the sample into test card 104. For example, when processor 112 detects sample injection into test card 104 (using first sample-area optical sensor 136a), processor 112 may energize first valve V1 and second valve V2 of valve system 134 (as shown in FIG. 3B) to block vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104. Blocking vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 causes the injected sample to travel into sample storage area 122 due to back pressure being built up in sample passageway 208. If this pneumatic design is not present, an injected sample may travel into sample passageway 208 and possibly displace calibration fluid from sensor array 120 (leading to an unsuccessful test). Once a sufficient amount of liquid sample has been injected into test card 104 (e.g., as detected by second sample-area optical sensor 136b), processor 112 may turn off first valve V1 and second valve V2 to relieve any pressure build up within test card 104.

[0047] After both sample injection into sample storage area 122 and calibration of sensor array 120 (regardless of which is performed first), processor 112 (executing computer program instructions 116) may employ valve system 134 to connect vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to pump 106 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100. This allows the transfer of the liquid sample from sample storage area 122 to a measurement location of test card 104 (e.g., sensor array 120). For example, processor 112 may energize first valve V1 while second valve V2 is not energized (as shown in FIG. 3C) so as to connect vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to pump 106 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100. Pump 106 reduces the pressure within waste passageway 218, sensor channel 210, and sample passageway 208 and this reduced pressure pulls calibration fluid from sensor channel 210 into waste passageway 218 and drives the flow of the liquid sample from sample storage area 122 to sensor channel 210.

[0048] Test-area optical sensor 138 (FIG. 1) is configured to detect when the sample reaches sensor channel 210 and contacts sensors 120A-N. In response to detection of the sample by test-area optical sensor 138, processor 112 may turn off first valve V1 and second valve V2 (as shown in FIG. 3A) to disconnect pump 106 (of diagnostic sample analyzer 100) from vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 and to connect vent / vacuum port 214 to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100. This vents any residual pressure within test card 104. Venting the residual pressure may prevent fluid movement after pump 106 is turned off. If the residual pressure is not vented immediately after pump 106 is turned off, the pressure within the pneumatic system (e.g., the reduced pressure within sensor channel 210 and waste passageway 218) may continue to move the sample such that the tail of the sample may uncover the leading sensors of sensor array 120 (e.g., leading to erroneous results).

[0049] Once the sample is positioned to cover sensors 120A- N, processor 112 may employ one or more of the sensors to measure a fluid property of the liquid sample and to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property. Processor 112 may then process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property of the liquid sample (e.g., using one or more calibration values obtained during sensor calibration). Processor 112 may communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device 110.

[0050] Thus, as described above, in some embodiments, memory 114 may include computer program instructions 116 that, when executed by processor 112, cause processor 112 to connect vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 during calibration fluid transfer within test card 104 and to connect vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to pump 106 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 to transfer a sample from sample storage area 122 to sensor array 120 of test card 104.

[0051] Additionally, processor 112 may be configured to employ first sample-area optical sensor 136a to detect a sample entering sample storage area 122 and facilitate sample transfer into sample storage area 122. For example, responsive to detecting the sample with first sample-area optical sensor 136a, processor 112 may employ first valve V1 and second valve V2 to close vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 (as shown in FIG. 3B) while the sample travels into the test card. This may prevent the sample from travelling toward sensor array 120 of test card 104 during injection of the sample.

[0052] Processor 112 may be configured to employ second sample-area optical sensor 136b to detect that a predetermined amount of the sample is present within sample storage area 122 of test card 104. Responsive to detecting the predetermined amount of sample is present in sample storage area 122, processor 112 may employ at least first valve V1 to connectvent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (as shown in FIG. 3A). Processor 112 may then initiate transfer of calibration fluid to sensor array 120.

[0053] During sample transfer from sample storage area 122 to sensor array 120 employing pump 106 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (e.g., using the valve configuration shown in FIG. 3C), processor 112 may employ test-area optical sensor 138 to detect the sample at sensor array 120. Responsive to detecting the sample at sensor array 120, processor 112 may employ first valve V1 to disconnect pump 106 from vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 and connect vent / vacuum port 214 to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (e.g., using the valve configuration shown in FIG. 3A).

[0054] In yet further embodiments, memory 114 may include computer program instructions 116 that, when executed by processor 112, cause processor 112 to detect test card 104 within test card reader 102R and prompt a user to inject a sample into test card 104 (e.g., via input / output device 110). Processor 112 may then employ valve system 134 to close vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 during injection of the sample into sample storage area 122 of test card 104, employ valve system 134 to connect vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to pump 106 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 to transfer the sample from sample storage area 122 to sensor array 120 of test card 104, and employ valve system 134 to connect vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 after the sample reaches sensor array 120. In some embodiments, after the sample is injected into test card 104, processor 112 may employ valve system 134 to connect vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to vent 132 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 and initiate the transfer of calibration fluid to sensor array 120 of test card 104 (e.g.,in embodiments in which sample injection occurs prior to sensor calibration).

[0055] FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example process 400 of operating a diagnostic sample analyzer according to one or more embodiments provided herein. In some implementations, one or more process blocks of FIG. 4 may be performed by diagnostic sample analyzer 100 (e.g., via processor 112 executing computer program instructions 116 stored in memory 114).

[0056] As shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include detecting, via a processor of a diagnostic sample analyzer, a test card within a test card reader of the diagnostic sample analyzer (block 402). For example, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may detect, via processor 112, test card 104 within test card reader 102R, as described above.

[0057] As also shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include closing, via the processor, a vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card (block 404). For example, processor 112 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may close vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 during injection of a sample into test card 104 by energizing first valve V1 and second valve V2 of valve system 134, as described above and shown in FIG. 3B. In some embodiments, processor 112 may close vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 in response to the detection of test card 104 within test card reader 102R (e.g., immediately or after initial tests related to functionality of test card 104, optical sensors 136a, 136b and / or 138, pump 106, and / or heater 108).

[0058] In embodiments in which a sample is injected during calibration of sensors 120A-N, first valve V1 and second valve V2 may be energized as shown in FIG. 3B after (e.g., in response to) first sample-area optical sensor 136a detects the start of sample injection. After sample injection is complete, first valve V1 and second valve V2 are not energized (as shownin FIG. 3A) and waste passageway 218 is again vented until the end of calibration. Once calibration is complete vent / vacuum port 214 is connected to pump 106 to pull the sample to sensors 120A-N (see block 406 described below).

[0059] In embodiments in which a sample is injected after calibration is complete, first valve V1 and second valve V2 may be energized as shown in FIG. 3B once (e.g., in response to) first sample-area optical sensor 136a is triggered. After sample injection is complete, first valve V1 and second valve V2 are not energized (as shown in FIG. 3A) and waste passageway 218 is again vented. Immediately following this, vent / vacuum port 214 may be connected to pump 106 to pull the sample to sensors 120A-N as described in block 406 (as shown in FIG. 3C).

[0060] As further shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include connecting, via the processor, the vent / vacuum port of the test card to a pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample to a measurement location of the test card (block 406). For example, processor 112 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may connect vent / vacuum port 214 of test card 104 to pump 106 of diagnostic sample analyzer 100 during transfer of the sample to a measurement location (e.g., sensor channel 210 and / or sensor array 120) of test card 104 by energizing first valve V1 and not energizing second valve V2 of valve system 134, as described above and shown in FIG. 3C. In some embodiments, processor 112 may connect vent / vacuum port 214 to pump 106 in response to completion of calibration of sensors 120A-N of sensor array 120. Connecting pump 106 to vent / vacuum port 214 reduces pressure within sensor channel 210 and sample passageway 208 to draw the sample from sample storage area 122 to sensor array 120.

[0061] As also shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include measuring a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location of the test card to generate an electrical signalrepresentative of the fluid property (block 408). For example, diagnostic sample analyzer 100, via processor 112, may employ sensors 120A-N to measure a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location (e.g., sensor array 120) of test card 104 to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property, as described above.

[0062] As further shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include processing the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property (block 410). For example, diagnostic sample analyzer 100, via processor 112, may process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property, as described above.

[0063] As also shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include communicating the value of the fluid property (block 412). For example, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may communicate the value of the fluid property by displaying the value on input / output device 110, as described above.

[0064] As stated, one or more of blocks 402-412 may be implemented via processor 112 executing computer program instructions 116. For example, computer program instructions 116 within memory 114 may cause processor 112 to measure (via sensor array 120) a fluid property of the sample to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property (block 408), process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property (block 410), and communicate (e.g., display) the value of the fluid property via input / output device 110 (block 412).

[0065] Although FIG. 4 shows example blocks of process 400, in some implementations, process 400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 4. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 400 may be performed in parallel.

[0066] As stated, diagnostic sample analyzer 100 may employoptical measurements, electrical measurements, and / or other techniques to determine one or more properties of a sample. The sample may be a biological or non-biological sample (e.g., blood, another bodily fluid, a quality control solution, etc.). Illustrative Embodiments:

[0067] The following is a list of non-limiting illustrative embodiments disclosed herein:

[0068] An illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer, comprising: a test card reader; a pump; an input / output device; a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, and the input / output device; and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: detect a test card within the test card reader; close a vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample to a measurement location of the test card; measure a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

[0069] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, further comprising a vent and wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer during calibration fluid transfer within the test card.

[0070] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of anyone of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein the test card includes: a sample storage area configured to receive and store the sample; and a sensor array within the measurement location of the test card, the sensor array configured to measure the fluid property of the sample. The memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to employ the pump to transfer the sample from the sample storage area to the sensor array.

[0071] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, further comprising: a first valve having a first port, a second port, and a third port; a second valve having a first port, a second port, and a third port; wherein the first port of the first valve is coupled to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer, the second port of the first valve is configured to couple to the vent / vacuum port of the test card when the test card is within the test card reader, and the third port of the first valve is coupled to the first port of the second valve; and wherein the second port of the second valve is coupled to the pump and the third port of the second valve is coupled to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer.

[0072] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein: the first valve connects the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer when the test card is within the test card reader and the first valve is not energized; the first valve connects the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the first port of the second valve when the test card is within the test card reader and the first valve is energized; the second valve connects the first port of the second valve to the pump when the second valve is not energized; and the second valve connects the second port of the second valve to the third port of the second valve so thatthe pump is connected to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer when the second valve is energized.

[0073] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to control at least one of the first valve and the second valve to: close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; and connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample within the test card.

[0074] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, further comprising: a first optical sensor configured to detect the sample entering the sample storage area; a second optical sensor configured to detect that a predetermined amount of the sample is present within the sample storage area; and a third optical sensor configured to detect the sample within the measurement location of the test card.

[0075] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: employ the first optical sensor to detect the sample entering the sample storage area; and responsive to detecting the sample entering the sample storage area, employ the first and second valves to close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card.

[0076] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: employ the second optical sensor to detect the predetermined amount of the sample is present within the sample storage area; andresponsive to detecting the predetermined amount of sample is present in the sample storage area: employ at least the first valve to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer; and initiate transfer of calibration fluid to the sensor array.

[0077] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: following calibration of the sensor array, employ the first and second valves to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer so as to initiate transfer of the sample from the sample storage area to the sensor array; detect the sample at the sensor array with the third optical sensor; and responsive to detecting the sample at the sensor array, employ at least the first valve to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer.

[0078] An illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer, comprising: a test card reader configured to receive a test card having a sample storage area for storing a sample, a sensor array for measuring a fluid property of the sample, and a vent / vacuum port; a pump; a vent; a valve system coupled to the pump and the vent; an input / output device; a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, the valve system, and the input / output device; and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: detect a test card within the test card reader; prompt a user to inject a sample into the test card; employ the valve system to close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card; employ the valve system to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to transfer the samplefrom the sample storage area to the sensor array of the test card; employ the valve system to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer after the sample reaches the sensor array; measure the fluid property of the sample at the sensor array of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

[0079] The illustrative diagnostic sample analyzer of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to, after the sample is injected into the test card: employ the valve system to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer; and transfer calibration fluid to the sensor array of the test card.

[0080] An illustrative method, comprising: detecting, via a processor of a diagnostic sample analyzer, a test card within a test card reader of the diagnostic sample analyzer; closing, via the processor, a vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; connecting, via the processor, the vent / vacuum port of the test card to a pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample to a measurement location of the test card; measuring a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; processing the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicating the value of the fluid property.

[0081] The illustrative method of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, further comprising connecting, via the processor, the vent / vacuum port of the test card to a vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer during calibration fluidtransfer within the test card.

[0082] The illustrative method of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein the test card includes: a sample storage area configured to receive and store the sample; and a sensor array within the measurement location of the test card, the sensor array configured to measure the fluid property of the sample.

[0083] The illustrative method of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, wherein the diagnostic sample analyzer includes: a first valve having a first port, a second port, and a third port; a second valve having a first port, a second port, and a third port; wherein the first port of the first valve is coupled to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer, the second port of the first valve is configured to couple to the vent / vacuum port of the test card when the test card is within the test card reader, and the third port of the first valve is coupled to the first port of the second valve; and wherein the second port of the second valve is coupled to the pump and the third port of the second valve is coupled to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer. The diagnostic sample analyzer also includes a first optical sensor configured to detect the sample entering the sample storage area; a second optical sensor configured to detect that a predetermined amount of the sample is present within the sample storage area; and a third optical sensor configured to detect the sample within the measurement location of the test card.

[0084] The illustrative method of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, further comprising controlling, via the processor, at least one of the first valve and the second valve to: close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card; and connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the samplewithin the test card.

[0085] The illustrative method of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, further comprising: employing the first optical sensor to detect the sample entering the sample storage area; and responsive to detecting the sample entering the sample storage area, employing, via the processor, the first and second valves to close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card.

[0086] The illustrative method of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, further comprising: employing the second optical sensor to detect the predetermined amount of the sample is present within the sample storage area; and responsive to detecting the predetermined amount of sample is present in the sample storage area: employing, via the processor, at least the first valve to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer; and initiating transfer of calibration fluid to the sensor array.

[0087] The illustrative method of any one of the proceeding illustrative embodiments, further comprising: following calibration of the sensor array, employing the first and second valves to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer so as to initiate transfer of the sample from the sample storage area to the sensor array; detecting the sample at the sensor array with the third optical sensor; and responsive to detecting the sample at the sensor array, employing, via the processor, at least the first valve to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer.

[0088] The foregoing description discloses only example embodiments of the invention; modifications of the above disclosed apparatus and methods which fall within the scope of the invention will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, while the present invention hasbeen disclosed in connection with the example embodiments thereof, it should be understood that other embodiments may fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as definedby the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A diagnostic sample analyzer, comprising: a test card reader; a pump; an input / output device; a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, and the input / output device; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory including computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: detect a test card within the test card reader; close a vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample to a measurement location of the test card; measure a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

2. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 1, further comprising a vent and wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer during calibration fluid transfer within the test card.

3. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 2, wherein: the test card includes:a sample storage area configured to receive and store the sample; and a sensor array within the measurement location of the test card, the sensor array configured to measure the fluid property of the sample; and the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to employ the pump to transfer the sample from the sample storage area to the sensor array.

4. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 3, further comprising: a first valve having a first port, a second port, and a third port; a second valve having a first port, a second port, and a third port; wherein the first port of the first valve is coupled to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer, the second port of the first valve is configured to couple to the vent / vacuum port of the test card when the test card is within the test card reader, and the third port of the first valve is coupled to the first port of the second valve; and wherein the second port of the second valve is coupled to the pump and the third port of the second valve is coupled to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer.

5. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 4, wherein: the first valve connects the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer when the test card is within the test card reader and the first valve is not energized; the first valve connects the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the first port of the second valve when the test cardis within the test card reader and the first valve is energized; the second valve connects the first port of the second valve to the pump when the second valve is not energized; and the second valve connects the second port of the second valve to the third port of the second valve so that the pump is connected to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer when the second valve is energized.

6. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 4, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to control at least one of the first valve and the second valve to: close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; and connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample within the test card.

7. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 4, further comprising: a first optical sensor configured to detect the sample entering the sample storage area; a second optical sensor configured to detect that a predetermined amount of the sample is present within the sample storage area; and a third optical sensor configured to detect the sample within the measurement location of the test card.

8. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 7, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: employ the first optical sensor to detect the sample entering the sample storage area; andresponsive to detecting the sample entering the sample storage area, employ the first and second valves to close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card.

9. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 8, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: employ the second optical sensor to detect the predetermined amount of the sample is present within the sample storage area; and responsive to detecting the predetermined amount of sample is present in the sample storage area: employ at least the first valve to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer; and initiate transfer of calibration fluid to the sensor array.

10. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 9, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: following calibration of the sensor array, employ the first and second valves to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer so as to initiate transfer of the sample from the sample storage area to the sensor array; detect the sample at the sensor array with the third optical sensor; and responsive to detecting the sample at the sensor array, employ at least the first valve to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer.

11. A diagnostic sample analyzer, comprising: a test card reader configured to receive a test card having a sample storage area for storing a sample, a sensor array for measuring a fluid property of the sample, and a vent / vacuum port; a pump; a vent; a valve system coupled to the pump and the vent; an input / output device; a processor coupled to the test card reader, the pump, the valve system, and the input / output device; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory including computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: detect a test card within the test card reader; prompt a user to inject a sample into the test card; employ the valve system to close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card; employ the valve system to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer to transfer the sample from the sample storage area to the sensor array of the test card; employ the valve system to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer after the sample reaches the sensor array; measure the fluid property of the sample at the sensor array of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; process the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicate the value of the fluid property via the input / output device.

12. The diagnostic sample analyzer of claim 11, wherein the memory includes computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to, after the sample is injected into the test card: employ the valve system to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer; and transfer calibration fluid to the sensor array of the test card.

13. A method, comprising: detecting, via a processor of a diagnostic sample analyzer, a test card within a test card reader of the diagnostic sample analyzer; closing, via the processor, a vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of a sample into the test card; connecting, via the processor, the vent / vacuum port of the test card to a pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample to a measurement location of the test card; measuring a fluid property of the sample at the measurement location of the test card to generate an electrical signal representative of the fluid property; processing the generated electrical signal to determine a value of the fluid property; and communicating the value of the fluid property.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising connecting, via the processor, the vent / vacuum port of the test card to a vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer during calibration fluid transfer within the test card.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the test card includes:a sample storage area configured to receive and store the sample; and a sensor array within the measurement location of the test card, the sensor array configured to measure the fluid property of the sample.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the diagnostic sample analyzer includes: a first valve having a first port, a second port, and a third port; a second valve having a first port, a second port, and a third port; wherein the first port of the first valve is coupled to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer, the second port of the first valve is configured to couple to the vent / vacuum port of the test card when the test card is within the test card reader, and the third port of the first valve is coupled to the first port of the second valve; and wherein the second port of the second valve is coupled to the pump and the third port of the second valve is coupled to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer; a first optical sensor configured to detect the sample entering the sample storage area; a second optical sensor configured to detect that a predetermined amount of the sample is present within the sample storage area; and a third optical sensor configured to detect the sample within the measurement location of the test card.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising controlling, via the processor, at least one of the first valve and the second valve to: close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card; andconnect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer during transfer of the sample within the test card.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: employing the first optical sensor to detect the sample entering the sample storage area; and responsive to detecting the sample entering the sample storage area, employing, via the processor, the first and second valves to close the vent / vacuum port of the test card during injection of the sample into the test card.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: employing the second optical sensor to detect the predetermined amount of the sample is present within the sample storage area; and responsive to detecting the predetermined amount of sample is present in the sample storage area: employing, via the processor, at least the first valve to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer; and initiating transfer of calibration fluid to the sensor array.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: following calibration of the sensor array, employing the first and second valves to connect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the pump of the diagnostic sample analyzer so as to initiate transfer of the sample from the sample storage area to the sensor array; detecting the sample at the sensor array with the third optical sensor; and responsive to detecting the sample at the sensor array, employing, via the processor, at least the first valve toconnect the vent / vacuum port of the test card to the vent of the diagnostic sample analyzer.

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