Tsunami shelter

Abstract

The present invention provides a tsunami shelter that can be constructed with little time, effort, or cost of a structure, and capable of protecting human life with a high probability from occurrence of a tsunami until a predetermined time has elapsed.　The tsunami shelter includes a shelter body 2, at least an upper portion of which is sealed to secure a living space S therein, and an outer wall portion 3 surrounding the periphery of the shelter body 2 and interfering with at least mechanical effects on the shelter body 2 caused by hydrodynamic forces or drifting objects generated by a tsunami. The outer wall portion 3 is supported by the ground or the like, and the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 are formed as separate structures.

Description

Tsunami shelter

[0001] The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter that allows evacuation in the event of a tsunami.

[0002] Tsunamis generated by major earthquakes and other disasters surge toward land at incredible speeds, threatening to destroy homes and other buildings. To escape such a tsunami, people must evacuate to a location higher than the point where the tsunami reaches. However, this is difficult for people in areas without high ground, or for children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Furthermore, evacuation facilities are generally located far away, and considering the speed of the tsunami, there is a high possibility that not only the elderly and those with walking difficulties, but also able-bodied people and evacuation guides, will be delayed in escaping. Therefore, these evacuation facilities are not sufficient measures to mitigate human casualties in the event of a tsunami.

[0003] In response to these problems, shelters that can be installed near residences have been developed with the aim of securing evacuation sites that are close to the living environments of residents and that can be used to evacuate in a short time (see Patent Document 1). The shelter described in Patent Document 1 is made up of a highly airtight outer shell with a living space inside, and an opening that allows people to enter and exit is provided on the front side of the side of the outer shell, with the living space being located above the top end of the opening.

[0004] JP 2012-233385 A (page 3, Figure 5)

[0005] In a shelter like the one described in Patent Document 1, the water level flowing in through the opening does not rise above the top of the opening, preventing air from escaping and water from entering the living space, thereby enabling life support for a predetermined period of time. However, the shelter itself, including the air-retaining section, must be made durable enough to withstand the water pressure of a tsunami and the sediment washed away by the tsunami, which poses problems of time and effort required for construction, including the cost of the structure. Furthermore, with conventional structures, if sand or wood accumulates and blocks the opening, people may not be able to escape or be rescued quickly from the tsunami shelter. It has also been pointed out that this structure is insufficient to protect human lives within a predetermined time after the tsunami occurs. Tsunami shelters that float with the tsunami have been developed as a solution, but these shelters are considered to be less comfortable and have problems with ensuring safety.

[0006] The present invention was made with an eye on these problems, and aims to provide a tsunami shelter that does not require time or effort to construct, including the cost of the structure, and that can protect human lives with a high probability from the time a tsunami occurs until a specified time has passed.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the tsunami shelter of the present invention comprises a shelter body, at least the upper portion of which is sealed to provide a living space inside, and an outer wall portion surrounding the shelter body, which at least prevents the mechanical effects on the shelter body from hydraulic forces and floating objects generated by a tsunami, and which is supported by the ground or the like, and is constructed as a separate structure from the shelter body. According to this feature, the shelter body prevents air from escaping from the shelter even during a tsunami, ensuring a living space, and the outer wall portion supported by the ground or the like protects the shelter body from the pressure of the tsunami and the impact of floating objects such as debris swept away by the tsunami. Because the structure providing the living space and the protective structure are constructed separately in this way, construction does not require time or effort, including the cost of the structure, and human lives can be protected with a high probability within a predetermined time after the tsunami occurs.

[0008] The outer wall portion has a communication opening formed therethrough, and the shelter main body has an entrance / exit formed on the lower side of the living space, and the communication opening in the outer wall portion and the entrance / exit of the shelter main body are positioned in a state of communication. With this feature, after the tsunami has subsided, people can quickly escape from the tsunami shelter from the entrance / exit of the shelter main body through the communication opening in the outer wall portion, and there is a high probability of protecting human lives when a tsunami occurs.

[0009] The shelter body is installed inside the outer wall so as to be movable up and down relative to the outer wall. This feature allows the tsunami shelter to be moved after a tsunami occurs, providing an opportunity for people to quickly escape, and thus making it possible to protect human lives with a high probability when a tsunami occurs.

[0010] The shelter body is installed inside the outer wall portion so as to be movable up and down but not rotatable relative to the outer wall portion. This feature ensures that the communication opening in the outer wall portion and the entrance / exit of the shelter body are in communication with each other.

[0011] The outer wall and the shelter body are connected by a connecting device that can be engaged and disengaged. This feature prevents the shelter body from being accidentally separated from the outer wall in the event of a tsunami.

[0012] The outer wall portion has a flange portion extending outward from its lower end. With this feature, the flange portion at the lower end of the outer wall portion is integrated with the ground or the like, and the outer wall portion can be prevented from being washed away by a tsunami.

[0013] The outer wall is characterized in that the lower part of the shelter body is open to allow water to flow downward. With this feature, seawater that has entered between the shelter body and the outer wall can be quickly drained into the ground.

[0014] The shelter body has a dome-shaped upper portion, which increases the impact resistance of the upper portion of the shelter body facing the upper opening of the outer wall.

[0015] The shelter body is characterized in that its upper end is installed inside the outer wall so that it is positioned lower than the upper end of the outer wall. With this feature, the outer wall, which is supported by the ground, can reliably protect the shelter body from the pressure of the tsunami and the collision of floating objects such as rubble swept away by the tsunami.

[0016] The shelter body is characterized by having a cylindrical portion extending downward from the floor board of the living space, the tip of the cylindrical portion forming the entrance / exit. With this feature, the water level of seawater approaching below the floor board of the living space is pushed downward by air pressure within the cylindrical portion, and does not exceed the tip of the cylindrical portion, thereby effectively preventing water from entering the living space.

[0017] The outer wall is mainly made of concrete, and the shelter body is mainly made of synthetic resin and has a suspended support part at the top. According to this feature, by forming the outer wall from concrete, it can withstand the pressure of the tsunami, debris swept away by the tsunami, collisions with buildings and ships, etc., and by forming the shelter body protected by the outer wall from lightweight synthetic resin, it is possible to reduce the external force required to move it upward.

[0018] The exterior wall portion is characterized in that it is installed in a state where at least a part of it is buried in the ground, etc. According to this characteristic, in the event of a tsunami, the buried part of the exterior wall portion is less likely to be affected by the tsunami, and construction costs for the exterior wall portion and foundation work, etc. can be reduced.

[0019] The tsunami shelter of the present invention comprises a shelter body, at least the upper portion of which is sealed to ensure a living space inside, and an outer wall portion surrounding the shelter body, which at least prevents the mechanical effects on the shelter body from hydraulic forces and floating objects generated by a tsunami, and is characterized in that the outer wall portion is supported by the ground or the like, and a passage extending upward along the outer wall portion is provided. According to this feature, in the event of a tsunami, air inside the shelter body is prevented from escaping, ensuring a living space, and the outer wall portion supported by the ground or the like effectively protects the shelter body from the pressure of the tsunami and the impact of floating objects such as debris swept away by the tsunami. After the tsunami recedes, the passage extending upward along the highly strong outer wall portion can be used as an escape route for evacuees, thereby ensuring a high probability of saving lives.

[0020] A feature of this shelter is that a passageway covered with a cover is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer wall. According to this feature, since the outer wall is covered with the cover, obstacles such as rubble do not get in the way, and after the tsunami has subsided, people can escape to the upper part of the tsunami shelter from the entrance / exit of the shelter body using the passageway covered with the cover of the outer wall.

[0021] The passageway extending upward along the outer wall is provided with a ladder means, which allows people to quickly escape after a tsunami occurs by using the ladder means in the passageway extending upward along the outer wall, thereby providing a high probability of saving lives when a tsunami occurs.

[0022] The tsunami shelter of the present invention comprises a shelter body, at least the upper portion of which is sealed to provide a living space inside, and an outer wall portion surrounding the shelter body, which at least prevents the mechanical effects of hydraulic forces and floating objects generated by a tsunami on the shelter body, wherein the outer wall portion is supported by the ground or the like, and the floor of the living space is supported by the outer wall portion or the ground or the like that supports the outer wall portion. According to this feature, the shelter body prevents air from escaping during a tsunami, ensuring a living space, and the outer wall portion supported by the ground or the like effectively protects the shelter body from the pressure of the tsunami and the impact of floating objects such as debris swept away by the tsunami. Furthermore, vibrations of the shelter body under the influence of a tsunami are less likely to be directly transmitted to evacuees, allowing them to stay safely and comfortably in the living space.

[0023] The tsunami shelter of the present invention comprises a shelter body, at least the upper portion of which is sealed to ensure a living space inside, and an outer wall surrounding the shelter body, which at least prevents the mechanical effects on the shelter body from hydraulic forces and floating objects generated by a tsunami, and is characterized in that an opening is formed in the upper part of the outer wall surrounding the shelter body, and the opening is covered by a protective means. According to this feature, the shelter body prevents air from escaping during a tsunami, ensuring a living space, and the outer wall effectively protects the shelter body from the pressure of the tsunami and the impact of floating objects such as debris swept away by the tsunami. Furthermore, the protective means covering the upper opening of the outer wall effectively protects the upper part of the shelter body from floating debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis.

[0024] The shelter body is movable up and down through the opening provided in the upper part of the outer wall, and the protection means is detachably fixed to the outer wall. This feature makes it easy to maintain the shelter body, the outer wall, etc.

[0025] 7 is a perspective view showing a tsunami shelter in Example 1. A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1. A cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 2. An image showing a tsunami shelter being exposed to a tsunami. An image showing the state where the water level around the tsunami shelter has dropped and sediment has accumulated around it. A view showing the state where the shelter main body has been separated upward from the outer wall section in Example 1. A perspective view showing a tsunami shelter in Example 2. A cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in FIG. 7. A view showing the state where the shelter main body has been separated upward from the outer wall section in Example 2. A side cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the tsunami shelter. A side cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the tsunami shelter. A perspective view showing a third modified example of the tsunami shelter. A partially enlarged plan view showing the third modified example of the tsunami shelter. A perspective view showing a tsunami shelter in Example 3. An assembly procedure diagram for the outer wall section of FIG. 14. A cross-sectional view taken along line D-D in FIG. 14. An image showing a tsunami shelter being exposed to a tsunami. 27 is an illustration showing the state where the water level around the tsunami shelter has dropped and sediment has accumulated around it. FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the tsunami shelter in Example 4. FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a cover used in the tsunami shelter in Example 4. FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the tsunami shelter in Example 5. FIG. 31 is an assembly procedure diagram of the outer wall section of FIG. 21. FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view taken along E-E in FIG. 21. FIG. 33 is an illustration showing the tsunami shelter being exposed to a tsunami. FIG. 34 is an illustration showing the state where the water level around the tsunami shelter has dropped and sediment has accumulated around it. FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the tsunami shelter in Example 6. FIG. 35 is an illustration showing the tsunami shelter in Example 7. FIG. 36 is an assembly procedure diagram of the outer wall section of FIG. 27. FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view taken along F-F in FIG. 27. FIG. 38 is an illustration showing the state where the tsunami shelter is being exposed to a tsunami. FIG. 39 is an illustration showing the state where the water level around the tsunami shelter has dropped and sediment has accumulated around it. FIG. 39 is a perspective view of the tsunami shelter in Example 8. FIG. 39 is a perspective view of the tsunami shelter in Example 9. FIG. 39 is an assembly procedure diagram of the outer wall section of FIG. 33. This is a cross-sectional view taken along the line G-G in Figure 33. It is an image showing a tsunami shelter exposed to a tsunami. It is an image showing the water level around the tsunami shelter dropping and sediment piling up around it.FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a tsunami shelter in Example 10.

[0026] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A tsunami shelter according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the following examples.

[0027] A tsunami shelter according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 6. Reference numeral 1 in Figure 1 denotes a tsunami shelter (hereinafter referred to as the shelter) to which the present invention is applied. The shelter 1 is an evacuation shelter that is primarily placed near a residence (not shown) built along the coast, and is primarily composed of a shelter main body 2 and an outer wall portion 3 that supports the shelter main body 2.

[0028] As shown in Figure 2, the shelter body 2 is integrally formed mainly from fiber-reinforced plastic, has a dome-shaped upper end that is roughly bell-shaped, and is roughly circular in plan view. The shelter body 2 has a horizontal floor board 4 at its bottom, and a living space S is formed above the floor board 4.

[0029] Additionally, a cylindrical portion 5 extends downward from the outer edge of the floorboard 4, and the hollow space of the cylindrical portion 5 communicates with the living space S. The opening at the lower end of this cylindrical portion 5 forms an entrance / exit 6 for the living space S. The living space S of the shelter body 2 is airtight with no vents other than this entrance / exit 6.

[0030] The floor boards 4 are provided above the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7, and the shelter body 2 has a raised floor structure with space available above the floor boards 4. An opening 8 is formed in a portion of the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall 7. The opening 8 is formed near the entrance 6, below the floor boards 4, and opens all the way to the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7.

[0031] A convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7. Although not shown here, the convex rib portion 9 has a longitudinal direction along the circumferential direction. In addition, a protrusion 11 that protrudes outward is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7, spaced apart from the convex rib portion 9 in the circumferential direction.

[0032] A handle-shaped suspended support part 12 is provided at the upper end of the shelter body 2. A crane hook or the like of a crane, which will be described later, can be hooked onto the suspended support part 12.

[0033] The outer wall 3 is mainly made of reinforced concrete. The outer wall 3 includes an endless annular upright portion 13 with an upper opening 3a, a flange portion 14 extending outward from the lower end of the upright portion 13, and an approach portion 15. A communication opening 16 is formed in part of the circumferential direction of the upright portion 13. The inner edge shape of the upright portion 13 is substantially the same as the outer edge shape of the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2, and is formed slightly larger than the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2. In other words, the shelter main body 2 is loosely fitted inside the upright portion 13 of the outer wall 3.

[0034] As shown in Figure 3, the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 has a support portion 17 protruding from a portion of the inner peripheral surface in the circumferential direction. The support portion 17 has a length along the circumferential direction, and is designed to rest on a convex rib portion 9 formed on the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2. In other words, the load of the shelter main body 2 is supported by the support portion 17 of the outer wall portion 3 via the convex rib portion 9. Note that, instead of the convex rib portion 9 having a length in the circumferential direction, the shelter main body 2 may be provided with a plurality of convex portions spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall portion 7. Similarly, instead of the support portion 17 having a length in the circumferential direction of the upright portion 13, the outer wall portion 3 may be provided with a plurality of convex portions spaced apart in the circumferential direction.

[0035] Furthermore, a locking portion 18 is formed on a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, circumferentially spaced from the ridge portion 9. The locking portion 18 is composed of a pair of guide portions 18a, 18a extending parallel to each other in the vertical direction of the inner peripheral surface. The guide portions 18a, 18a are spaced apart from each other by a distance slightly larger than the circumferential dimension of the protrusion 11 formed on the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2. By disposing the protrusion 11 between the guide portions 18a, 18a, the relative phase of the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 is positioned. In other words, the protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 function as a rotation restriction means for the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall portion 3. Note that if the shelter main body 2 is not circular in plan view, the protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 constituting this rotation restriction means may be omitted.

[0036] When the relative phase of the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3 is positioned by the rotation restriction means described above, the communication opening 16 formed in the upright portion 13 of the outer wall 3 and the opening 8 in the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2 overlap, making it possible to evacuate from outside the shelter 1 to inside the living space S through these communication openings 16, openings 8, and entrance / exit 6. Furthermore, by positioning these communication openings 16, openings 8, and entrance / exit 6 in a communicating state by the rotation restriction means, it is also possible to quickly escape from the tsunami shelter.

[0037] The approach section 15 is composed of three wall sections 15a that are U-shaped in plan view and are arranged to surround the communication opening 16 formed in the upright section 13 of the outer wall section 3. The side ends of the pair of left and right wall sections 15a are integrally connected to the upright section 13, and the lower ends of the three wall sections 15a are integrally connected to the flange section 14. In addition, a ladder 15b is provided on one of the wall sections 15a that make up the approach section 15.

[0038] Both ends of a mooring member 20 are attached to the anchor hook 19 fixed to the upper end 13a of the standing portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 and to the suspended support portion 12 provided at the upper end of the shelter main body 2. In other words, the mooring member 20 constitutes a connecting device that connects the upper end 13a of the outer wall portion 3 and the upper end of the shelter main body 2.

[0039] The mooring member 20 is configured with carabiners 20a, 20a on both ends of the chain, and the carabiners 20a, 20a can be attached to and detached from the anchor hook 19 and the suspended support part 12. The mooring member 20 is attached to the anchor hook 19 at the upper end of the standing part of the outer wall part 3 and to the suspended support part 12 provided at the upper end of the shelter main body 2, and rescue workers (described later) can attach and detach the carabiners 20a, 20a from above the standing part 13.

[0040] As shown in Figure 2, the exterior wall 3 is installed with its flange 14 buried in the ground. This allows the exterior wall 3 to be firmly attached to the ground, making it less likely to be washed away by a tsunami. The exterior wall 3 is buried to a depth that exposes the upper end of the wall 15a of the approach section 15 above ground level. Furthermore, by driving foundation piles into the ground using the holes 14a (see Figure 1) formed in the flange 14, the exterior wall 3 is made even more resistant to being washed away by a tsunami.

[0041] As described above, the structure having the living space and the protective structure are constructed separately, so that construction of the shelter 1 does not require much time or effort, including the cost of the structure.

[0042] Next, we will explain what happens when a tsunami actually hits. Here, we will assume that the incoming wave that first reaches the shelter 1 hits it from the right side of the screen in Figure 4, and that the outgoing wave, which is the water that flows over the shelter 1 and then returns after a period of time, hits the shelter 1 from the left side of the screen in Figure 4.

[0043] When users become aware of an approaching tsunami due to a tsunami warning or the like, they evacuate into the living space S through the communication opening 16 formed in the rising part of the outer wall 3, the opening 8 in the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2, and the entrance / exit 6 formed in the floor board 4.

[0044] The incoming waves of the tsunami that reach the shelter 1 and the returning backwash hit the strong upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3, preventing damage and destruction to the shelter body 2 installed inside the upright portions 13. Furthermore, because the upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3 are circular in plan view, no matter which direction the incoming waves coming from the sea side or the backwash returning from the mountain side hit, the water flow is split into two directions by the upright portions, attenuating the force of the incoming waves of the tsunami that directly acts on the shelter 1, reducing the fluid resistance of the water and the possibility of damage and destruction to the outer wall portion 3 itself.

[0045] As shown in Figure 2, the entrance to the shelter body 2 is formed below the floorboards 4, and occupants evacuate to the habitable space S from below the entrance 6. The habitable space S does not have any ventilation holes except for the entrance 6, so its internal air remains trapped and does not escape to the outside. Therefore, as shown in Figure 4, even if the habitable space S is submerged below the floorboards 4, the internal air in the habitable space S is compressed to a certain degree, increasing the air pressure and countering the water pressure of the infiltrating water. This prevents the water level from exceeding the entrance 6, preventing flooding of the habitable space S. Therefore, evacuees are not continuously exposed to water and do not lose body heat directly. Additionally, the tip of the tubular portion 5 extending downward from the floorboards 4 of the habitable space S forms the entrance 6, and the floorboards 4 constituting the habitable space S are positioned reliably above the entrance 6, further reliably preventing flooding of the habitable space S.

[0046] Furthermore, since the space surrounded by the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, i.e., the space supporting the shelter main body 2, is open downward, seawater that flows between the shelter main body 2 and the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 can be quickly discharged into the ground.

[0047] Furthermore, even if the shelter body 2 temporarily floats up due to buoyancy when the water level rises, the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3 and the upper end of the shelter body 2 are connected by the mooring members 20, so the shelter body 2 remains moored and does not detach from the outer wall 3. Depending on the length of the mooring members 20, it is also possible to completely prevent the shelter body 2 from moving upward relative to the outer wall 3.

[0048] Furthermore, since the protrusion 11 formed on the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2 is positioned between the guide portions 18a, 18a formed on the inner surface of the rising portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, rotation between the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 is restricted, so that the shelter main body 2 does not rotate relative to the outer wall portion 3 when a tsunami strikes, resulting in excellent livability in the living space S.

[0049] Figure 5 shows the state after about three hours have passed since the first tsunami wave, when the tsunami has subsided and sediment carried by the tsunami has piled up around the shelter 1.

[0050] It is preferable that the user notify the rescue team of their location by sending a distress signal using a communication terminal or the like in the living space. After confirming the presence of the shelter 1, the rescue team first disengages the carabiners 20a, 20a (see FIG. 1) of the mooring member 20 from at least one of the anchor hook 19 and the suspended support part 12. Next, the crane hook CF of the crane C is hooked onto the suspended support part 12 at the upper end of the shelter main body 2 and lifted up. This allows the shelter main body 2 to be separated upward from the outer wall part 3, and the user can safely escape through the entrance / exit 6 of the shelter main body 2.

[0051] At this time, the guide portions 18a, 18a of the outer wall portion 3 that constitute the rotation restriction means are long in the vertical direction, so when the shelter main body 2 is lifted, the protrusions 11 of the shelter main body 2 are guided into the guide portions 18a, 18a. Therefore, when the shelter main body 2 is lifted, it does not rotate relative to the outer wall portion 3, preventing adverse effects such as falls or nausea of ​​users in the living space.

[0052] In addition, the load of the shelter main body 2 is supported by the support portion 17 of the outer wall portion 3 via the convex rib portion 9 located in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion. In other words, the shelter main body 2 is supported with the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall portion 7 floating above the outer wall portion 3. Therefore, regardless of the vertical height dimension of the outer wall portion 3 required to bury it sufficiently underground, the living space S can be positioned at a higher position relative to the outer wall portion 3.

[0053] Another feature of the shelter body 2 is that its upper end is installed inside the outer wall 3 so that it is located lower than the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3. Therefore, the outer wall 3, which is supported by the ground, can reliably protect the shelter body 2 from the pressure of the tsunami and the collision of floating objects such as rubble swept away by the tsunami.

[0054] Because the exterior wall 3 is made of reinforced concrete, it can be constructed using simple methods to provide the strength to withstand the pressure of a tsunami, as well as debris swept away by the tsunami, collisions with buildings and ships, etc. In contrast, because the shelter body 2 is primarily made of fiber-reinforced plastic, it can be made lightweight, and the external force required to separate it upward can be reduced. Because the exterior wall 3 and the shelter body 2 can be formed with a simple structure in this way, the shelter 1 can be quickly constructed in areas where the impact of a tsunami is a concern.

[0055] A tsunami shelter according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 7 to 9. Note that the same components as those in the first embodiment will be given the same reference numerals and redundant description will be omitted.

[0056] In the shelter 21 shown in FIG. 7, an elongated opening 26 extending in the vertical direction is formed in a part of the circumferential direction of the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 23.

[0057] 8, the lower end of the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 23 is provided with a bottom surface portion 25, which extends to the outside of the upright portion 13, with the outer portion of the upright portion 13 constituting the flange portion 24. A support post 27 standing upright in the vertical direction is provided approximately in the center of the bottom surface portion 25. The support post 27 has a screw thread on its outer circumferential surface, and a rotating member 28 is screwed onto it.

[0058] The rotating member 28 comprises a support portion 28a arranged below the floor board 4 of the shelter main body 22, and an operating portion 28b arranged inside the living space of the shelter main body 22, and a bearing 29 is provided between the support portion 28a and the underside of the floor board 4. In more detail, the rotating member 28 is arranged to pass through a hole 4a formed in the floor board 4 of the shelter main body 22. Although not shown here, the hole 4a formed in the floor board 4 of the shelter main body 22 and the rotating member 28 are capable of rotating relative to each other while maintaining a sealed state using a mechanical seal or the like.

[0059] When the user rotates the operating part 28b of the rotating member 28, for example, in the reverse direction, the position of engagement between the rotating member 28 and the thread of the support 27 moves, and the shelter body 22 rises accordingly. At this time, because the opening 26 formed in the upright part 13 of the outer wall part 23 is an elongated hole having a length in the vertical direction, the opening 26 always communicates with the opening 8 in the peripheral wall part 7 of the shelter body 22, even when the shelter body 22 rises to the top end.

[0060] This allows the user to escape on their own by moving the opening 8 in the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 22 and the entrance / exit 6 formed in the floor board 4 of the living space S to a position higher than the soil and sand piled up around the shelter 21. Furthermore, even if the soil and sand has piled up above the upper end of the opening 26 formed in the rising portion 13 of the outer wall portion 23, by raising the shelter main body 22, the soil pressure of the soil and sand around the opening 8 and opening 26 decreases, making it easy to manually move the soil and sand away.

[0061] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention also includes modifications and additions that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention.

[0062] The outer wall 3 and the outer wall 23 may have a divided structure. For example, as in a first modified example shown in Fig. 10 , the outer wall 33 may be formed by arranging multiple divided bodies 330, each having a bottom portion 331 and an upright portion 332 that are orthogonal to each other, in a ring shape, and fixing each bottom portion 331 to a disk-shaped bottom body 34. In this configuration, the upright portions of the divided bodies 330 form the upright portions 130 of the outer wall 33, and the bottoms of the divided bodies 330, together with the bottom body 34, form the flange portion 140 of the outer wall 33. The bottom body 34 has a drain hole 34a that penetrates vertically.

[0063] 11 , multiple shelter bodies 42 may be supported by one outer wall 43. Multiple openings 46 are formed in the upright portions 230 of the outer wall 43, and multiple grooves 45 are formed on the inside of opposing upright portions 230. The shelter body 42 has protrusions 44, 44 that engage in a pair of opposing grooves 45, 45 in the vertical direction, preventing adjacent shelter bodies 42 from colliding with each other.

[0064] 12 and 13 , the outer wall 53 may be constructed by erecting multiple metal plates 530, such as sheet piles, on a bottom body 540. In this third modification, the bottom body 540 is made of concrete, and the multiple plates 530 are thrust into the concrete during pouring, thereby securing the plates 530 to the bottom body 540. As shown in FIG. 13 , multiple vertically extending protrusions 42 a are provided on the outer periphery of the shelter body 52. ​​These protrusions 42 a are circumferentially spaced apart and can abut the side edges of adjacent plates 530, thereby forming a rotation restriction mechanism. Alternatively, a polystyrene foam outer surface material may be attached to each metal plate 530, which can be used as reinforcement or an exterior.

[0065] The bottom body 540 may be omitted, and the plate body 530 may be directly buried and supported in the hardened ground.

[0066] Furthermore, the exterior wall portion of the above-mentioned embodiment is not limited to a configuration in which it is buried underground and supported by the ground, but may also be configured to be supported and fixed to an existing structure on the ground or on the roof of a building using bolts or the like.

[0067] Furthermore, the exterior walls are not limited to being made of reinforced concrete, but may be made of, for example, metal or synthetic resin, etc. Similarly, the shelter body is not limited to being made of fiber-reinforced plastic, but may be made of, for example, metal or another translucent resin material, and if a translucent material is used, it is possible to take in light from outside the shelter.

[0068] Furthermore, the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being approximately circular when viewed from above, but may be, for example, elliptical or rectangular, and the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being the same shape when viewed from above.

[0069] The structure of the shelter body 2 is not limited as long as it is configured such that at least the upper portion is sealed and a living space is secured inside. For example, multiple entrances and exits may be formed below the living space.

[0070] A tsunami shelter according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 14 to 18. Reference numeral 1 in Figure 14 denotes a tsunami shelter (hereinafter referred to as the shelter) to which the present invention is applied. The shelter 1 is an evacuation shelter that is primarily placed near a residence (not shown) built along the coast, and is primarily composed of a shelter main body 2 and an outer wall portion 3 that supports the shelter main body 2.

[0071] As shown in Figures 14 and 16, plastic is suitable for the shelter body 2, and a light-transmitting plastic is suitable to provide a sense of security to people and animals in the internal living space S. It is primarily formed as a single unit from fiber-reinforced plastic, forming a roughly bell-shaped, domed upper end and a roughly circular shape in plan view. The shelter body 2 has a horizontal floor panel 4 at its bottom, with the living space S formed above the floor panel 4. The shelter body 2 does not have to be roughly bell-shaped with a domed upper end; it can also be cylindrical, i.e., shaped like an upside-down bucket. Another advantage of using plastic for the shelter body 2 is that it allows rescue by cutting the plastic, for example, in cases where people are unable to easily exit the shelter body 2 through its escape exit after a tsunami. Although the shelter body 2 is made of plastic, if it is made of a material weaker than the outer wall 3, it will be more easily destroyed during rescue operations, facilitating rescue efforts.

[0072] Additionally, a cylindrical portion 5 extends downward from the outer edge of the floorboard 4, connecting the hollow space within the cylindrical portion 5 to the living space S. The opening at the lower end of this cylindrical portion 5 forms an entrance / exit 6 for the living space S. The living space S of the shelter body 2 is airtight, with no air vents above it except for this entrance / exit 6. However, although not shown, if a highly sealed lid is installed on the entrance / exit 6, it can function to prevent the rising water surface due to water level changes caused by a tsunami from moving toward the living space S. This is suitable for tsunami attacks where high water levels are predicted.

[0073] The floorboards 4 are located at least above the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7, and the shelter body 2 has a raised floor structure with a space below the floorboards 4. An opening 8 is formed in a portion of the perimeter of the peripheral wall 7. The opening 8 is open from below the floorboards 4 to near the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7. The vertical distance between the upper end of this opening 8 and the entrance / exit 6 affects whether water will seep above the floorboards 4 when the tsunami reaches its water level. This is because the upper end of the opening 8 is the end through which air enters the shelter body 2.

[0074] A convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7. Although not shown here, the convex rib portion 9 has a longitudinal direction along the circumferential direction. Furthermore, a protrusion 11 that protrudes outward is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7, spaced apart from the convex rib portion 9 in the circumferential direction. The functions of this convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 and protrusion 11 are used as stoppers for the shelter main body 2 when installing the shelter main body 2 after the outer wall portion is constructed, but are not used when first placing the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2 on a bottom body 134 formed by pouring concrete, and then constructing the outer wall portion 3 so that the shelter main body 2 is surrounded by the retaining wall structure dividers 333.

[0075] A handle-shaped suspended support part 12 is provided at the upper end of the shelter body 2. A crane hook or the like of a crane, which will be described later, can be hooked onto the suspended support part 12.

[0076] The exterior wall 3 is primarily constructed as an assembly of concrete segments 333, although reinforcing steel or reinforcing plastic may be used for strength reinforcement. The exterior wall 3 thus comprises multiple segments 333, which are combined to form a ring shape and have an upper opening 3a. Each segment 333 includes a standing portion 13 and a base portion 64 extending outward from the lower end of the standing portion 13. At least one of the segments 333 has a communication opening 16 formed in a portion of the standing portion 13, and a passage 3A extending upward along the exterior wall 3. This passage 3A is covered by a cover 3B, and a ladder 3C extending upward is provided within the cover 3B. The inner edge shape formed by the standing portion 13 is substantially the same as the outer edge shape of the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2, but is slightly larger than the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2. That is, the shelter body 2 is loosely fitted inside the rising portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3. In this embodiment, the passage 3A is covered with the cover 3B, but the passage 3A may be formed by forming a recess or protrusion in the vertical direction between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3, and a passage may be formed between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3, as long as the passage 3A is not blocked or damaged by debris.

[0077] Furthermore, the upright portion 13 of the partition 333 of the outer wall 3 has a locking portion 18 formed on a portion of the inner circumferential surface, spaced apart from the ridge portion 9 in the circumferential direction. The locking portion 18 is composed of a pair of guide portions 18a, 18a extending parallel to each other in the vertical direction of the inner circumferential surface. The guide portions 18a, 18a are spaced apart from each other by a distance slightly larger than the circumferential dimension of the protrusion 11 formed on the circumferential wall 7 of the shelter main body 2. The protrusion 11 is positioned between the guide portions 18a, 18a, thereby positioning the relative phase between the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3. The protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 function as a rotation restriction means between the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3. Note that if the shelter main body 2 is not circular in plan view, or if the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3 have shapes that restrict rotation relative to each other, the protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 that constitute this rotation restriction means may be omitted.

[0078] The approach section 15 is connected to a communication opening 16 formed in the rising section 13 of the outer wall section 3, facilitating entry and exit of people, and also serving as a drainage path for water that tends to accumulate in the base body 134, which is the foundation body.

[0079] Both ends of a mooring member 20 are attached to the anchor hook 19 fixed to the upper end 13a of the standing portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 and to the suspended support portion 12 provided at the upper end of the shelter main body 2. In other words, the mooring member 20 constitutes a connecting device that connects the upper end 13a of the outer wall portion 3 and the upper end of the shelter main body 2.

[0080] The mooring member 20 is configured with carabiners 20a, 20a on both ends of the chain, and the carabiners 20a, 20a can be attached to and detached from the anchor hook 19 and the suspended support part 12. The mooring member 20 is attached to the anchor hook 19 at the upper end of the standing part of the outer wall part 3 and to the suspended support part 12 provided at the upper end of the shelter main body 2, and rescue workers (described later) can attach and detach the carabiners 20a, 20a from above the standing part 13.

[0081] As described above, the structure having the living space and the protective structure are constructed separately, so that construction of the shelter 1 does not require much time or effort, including the cost of the structure.

[0082] Next, we will explain what happens when a tsunami actually hits. Here, we will assume that the incoming wave that first reaches shelter 1 hits from the right side of the screen in Figure 17, and that the outgoing wave, which is the water that flows over shelter 1 and then returns after a period of time, hits shelter 1 from the left side of the screen in Figure 17.

[0083] When users become aware of an approaching tsunami due to a tsunami warning or the like, they evacuate into the living space S through the communication opening 16 formed in the rising part of the outer wall 3, the opening 8 in the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2, and the entrance / exit 6 formed in the floor board 4.

[0084] The incoming waves of the tsunami that reach the shelter 1 and the returning backwash hit the strong upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3, preventing damage and destruction to the shelter body 2 installed inside the upright portions 13. Furthermore, because the upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3 are circular in plan view, no matter which direction the incoming waves coming from the sea side or the backwash returning from the mountain side hit, the water flow is diverted into two directions while circling around the upright portions, thereby attenuating the force of the incoming waves of the tsunami that directly act on the shelter 1, and also reducing the generation of vortices and the resistance of the outer wall portion 3 to being swept away, reducing the fluid resistance of the water and reducing the possibility of damage and destruction to the outer wall portion 3 itself.

[0085] As shown in Figure 15, the entrance to the shelter body 2 is formed below the floorboards 4, and users evacuate to the habitable space S from below the entrance 6. The habitable space S does not have any ventilation holes except for the entrance 6, so the air inside it remains trapped and does not escape to the outside. Therefore, as shown in Figure 17, even if the habitable space S is submerged below the floorboards 4 and the water level rises, the air inside the habitable space S is compressed to a certain extent, increasing the air pressure and countering the water pressure of the infiltrating water. Therefore, the water level does not exceed the entrance 6, and the vertical distance between the upper end of the opening 8 and the entrance 6 is designed in advance to prevent flooding into the habitable space S. Therefore, evacuees do not continuously come into contact with water and do not lose body heat directly. In addition, the tip of the cylindrical portion 5 extending downward from the floor board 4 of the living space S forms an entrance / exit 6, and the floor board 4 that forms the living space S is formed to be positioned reliably above the entrance / exit 6, thereby more reliably preventing water from entering the living space S.

[0086] Furthermore, since the space surrounded by the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, i.e., the space supporting the shelter main body 2, is open at the bottom by the approach portion 15, etc., seawater that flows between the shelter main body 2 and the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 can be quickly discharged to the outside.

[0087] Furthermore, even if the shelter body 2 temporarily rises due to buoyancy when the water level rises, the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3 and the upper end of the shelter body 2 are connected by the mooring members 20, so the shelter body 2 remains moored and does not detach from the outer wall 3. Depending on the length of the mooring members 20, it is possible to completely prevent the shelter body 2 from moving upward relative to the outer wall 3, or it is possible to temporarily stop the rise by using sandbags.

[0088] Furthermore, by arranging the protrusions 11 formed on the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2 between the guide portions formed on the inner surface of the rising portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, the rotation of the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 is restricted, and the shelter main body 2 does not rotate relative to the outer wall portion 3 when a tsunami strikes, resulting in excellent livability in the living space S.

[0089] Figure 18 shows the state after about three hours have passed since the first tsunami wave, and the tsunami has subsided. Sediment carried by the tsunami has piled up around the shelter 1.

[0090] It is preferable that the user notify the rescue team of their location by sending a distress signal using a communication terminal or the like in the living space. After confirming the presence of the shelter 1, the rescue team first disengages the carabiners 20a, 20a (see FIG. 14) of the mooring member 20 from at least one of the anchor hook 19 and the suspended support part 12. Next, the crane hook CF of the crane C is hooked onto the suspended support part 12 at the upper end of the shelter main body 2 and lifted up. This allows the shelter main body 2 to be separated upward from the outer wall part 3, and the user can safely escape through the entrance / exit 6 of the shelter main body 2.

[0091] At this time, the guide portion of the outer wall portion 3 that constitutes the rotation restriction means is long in the vertical direction, so when the shelter main body 2 is lifted, the protrusion 11 of the shelter main body 2 is guided into the guide portion. Therefore, when the shelter main body 2 is lifted, it does not rotate relative to the outer wall portion 3, preventing adverse effects such as falls or nausea of ​​users in the living space.

[0092] Furthermore, the load of the shelter body 2 is supported by the support parts 17 of the outer wall part 3 via the convex rib part 9 provided in the vertical center of the peripheral wall part, meaning that the shelter body 2 can be supported with the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall part 7 floating above the outer wall part 3. Various dimensions are required depending on the terrain, but regardless of the vertical height dimension of the outer wall part 3 that is necessary to bury it sufficiently underground, the support parts 17 make it possible to position the living space S at an appropriate height relative to the outer wall part 3.

[0093] It is also recommended that the shelter body 2 be installed inside the outer wall 3 so that its upper end is located lower than the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3. Therefore, the outer wall 3, which is supported by the ground, can reliably protect the shelter body 2 from the pressure of the tsunami and the collision of floating objects such as debris swept away by the tsunami.

[0094] Because the exterior wall 3 is made of reinforced concrete, it can be constructed using simple methods to ensure the strength to withstand the pressure of a tsunami, as well as debris swept away by the tsunami, collisions with buildings and ships, etc. In contrast, because the shelter body 2 is primarily made of plastic, it can be made lightweight, and the external force required to separate it upward can be reduced. Because the exterior wall 3 and the shelter body 2 can be formed with a simple structure in this way, the shelter 1 can be quickly constructed in areas where the impact of a tsunami is a concern. Plastic, in particular, is easy to drill holes in using a cutting machine, allowing for rapid rescue operations.

[0095] As in Example 3, the outer wall portion 3 is secured to the bottom body 134, which is a concrete foundation, with anchor bolts A or other fastening materials to ensure strength, and the annular outer wall portion 3 is constructed as an assembly of mainly concrete-made partition bodies 333. In this example, at least one of the partition bodies 333 has a communication port 16 in the lower part of the upright portion 13. It is also possible to make all the partition bodies 333 the same and form communication ports 16 between the partition bodies 333.

[0096] 19 and 20, a cover 23B made of strong, easily workable metal or other material is disposed above the communication opening 16 so as to engage with the upper end of the outer wall 3 at a locking portion K, and side panels 23D extend vertically above and below, enclosing an evacuation passage 23A. An upwardly extending ladder 23C is provided within the cover 23B. In this way, the passage 23A covered by the cover 23B is formed on the outer wall 3 outside the shelter main body 2, and the cover 23B prevents the passage from being blocked or damaged by debris, allowing people to climb up the ladder 3C attached to the outer wall 3 to the top of the outer wall.

[0097] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention also includes modifications and additions that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention.

[0098] The outer wall portion of the above-mentioned embodiment is not limited to a configuration supported by a base plate made of concrete poured on the ground surface or a base plate made of concrete poured underground, but may be configured to be supported and fixed to an existing structure on the ground or on the roof of a building with anchor bolts, etc. It is also possible to use the strength of the breakwater of a quay as the strength of the outer wall portion and build a tsunami shelter close to the breakwater.

[0099] Furthermore, the exterior walls are not limited to being made of reinforced concrete, but may be made of, for example, metal or synthetic resin, etc. Similarly, the shelter body is not limited to being made of fiber-reinforced plastic, but may be made of, for example, metal or another translucent resin material, and if a translucent material is used, it is possible to take in light from outside the shelter.

[0100] Furthermore, the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being approximately circular when viewed from above, but may be, for example, elliptical or rectangular, and the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being the same shape when viewed from above.

[0101] The structure of the shelter body 2 is not limited as long as it is sealed at least at the upper part and has a living space inside. For example, multiple entrances and exits may be formed below the living space. Providing doors at each opening is also effective in preventing the intrusion of debris and water.

[0102] A tsunami shelter according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 21 to 25. Reference numeral 1 in Figure 21 denotes a tsunami shelter (hereinafter referred to as the shelter) to which the present invention is applied. The shelter 1 is an evacuation shelter that is primarily placed near a residence (not shown) built along the coast, and is primarily composed of a shelter main body 2 and an outer wall portion 3 that supports the shelter main body 2.

[0103] As shown in Figures 21 and 23, plastic is suitable for the shelter body 2, and to provide a sense of security to people and animals in the internal living space S, it is appropriate to use a light-transmitting plastic for at least the upper surface. It is primarily formed as a single unit from fiber-reinforced plastic, has a dome-shaped, approximately bell-shaped upper end, and is approximately circular in plan view. The shelter body 2 is open at the bottom, and the floorboards 4, which form the floor area where evacuees in the living space temporarily wait, are supported by support brackets AA extending from the exterior wall 3 or the ground supporting the exterior wall 3, as described below. The living space S extends above the floorboards 4. Note that the shelter body 2 does not have to have a dome-shaped, approximately bell-shaped upper end, but may be cylindrical overall, i.e., shaped like an upside-down bucket. By using plastic for the shelter body 2, rescue operations can be carried out by cutting the plastic, for example, when people are unable to easily escape through the escape exits of the shelter body 2 after a tsunami. The shelter body 2 is made of plastic, but it is not limited to plastic. Any material that is weaker than the outer wall 3 (metal, concrete, thick plastic, etc.) will be more easily destroyed during rescue, making rescue easier.

[0104] 23, the floorboard 4 is surrounded by a cylindrical portion 5 that extends downward from the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2, and the hollow space inside the cylindrical portion 5 is connected to the living space S. A cutout 4b is formed in the floorboard 4, and this cutout 4b in the floorboard 4 and the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 form an entrance / exit 6 to the living space S. The living space S of the shelter main body 2 is airtight, with no air vents above except for this entrance / exit 6 and the gap between the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 and the floorboard 4. Incidentally, access to the living space S can be made easier by hanging a ladder or the like over the entrance 6 as needed.

[0105] The floor boards 4 are provided at least above the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7, and the shelter body 2 has a raised floor structure with a space below the floor boards 4. The lower passage 68 is formed as a space that is open below the floor boards 4 that make up the floor and down to the vicinity of the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7.

[0106] A convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7. Although not shown here, the convex rib portion 9 has a longitudinal length along the circumferential direction. Furthermore, a protrusion 11 that protrudes outward is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7, spaced apart from the convex rib portion 9 in the circumferential direction. The functions of this convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 and protrusion 11 are used as stoppers for the shelter main body 2 when installing the shelter main body 2 after the outer wall portion is constructed. Although not shown, they are not used when first placing the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2 on a platform placed on a concrete-formed bottom body 134 or the like, and then constructing the outer wall portion 3 so that the partition body 333 of the retaining wall structure surrounds the shelter main body 2.

[0107] A handle-shaped suspended support part 12 is provided at the upper end of the shelter body 2. A crane hook or the like of a crane, which will be described later, can be hooked onto the suspended support part 12.

[0108] The exterior wall 3 is primarily constructed as an assembly of concrete segments 333, although reinforcing steel or reinforcing plastic may be used for strength reinforcement. The exterior wall 3 thus comprises multiple segments 333, which are combined to form a ring shape and have an upper opening 3a. Each segment 333 includes a standing portion 13 and a base portion 64 extending outward from the lower end of the standing portion 13. At least one of the segments 333 has a communication opening 16 formed in a portion of the standing portion 13, and a passage 3A extending upward along the exterior wall 3. This passage 3A is covered by a cover 3B, and a ladder 3C extending upward is provided within the cover 3B. The inner edge shape formed by the standing portion 13 is substantially the same as the outer edge shape of the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2, but is slightly larger than the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2. That is, the shelter body 2 is loosely fitted inside the rising portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3. In this embodiment, the passage 3A is covered with the cover 3B, but the passage 3A may be formed by forming a recess or protrusion in the vertical direction between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3, and a passage may be formed between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3, as long as the passage 3A is not blocked or damaged by debris.

[0109] Furthermore, the upright portion 13 of the partition 333 of the outer wall 3 has a locking portion 18 formed on a portion of the inner circumferential surface, spaced apart from the ridge portion 9 in the circumferential direction. The locking portion 18 is composed of a pair of guide portions 18a, 18a extending parallel to each other in the vertical direction of the inner circumferential surface. The guide portions 18a, 18a are spaced apart from each other by a distance slightly larger than the circumferential dimension of the protrusion 11 formed on the circumferential wall 7 of the shelter main body 2. The protrusion 11 is positioned between the guide portions 18a, 18a, thereby positioning the relative phase between the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3. The protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 function as a rotation restriction means between the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3. Note that if the shelter main body 2 is not circular in plan view, or if the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3 have shapes that restrict rotation relative to each other, the protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 that constitute this rotation restriction means may be omitted.

[0110] The approach section 15 is connected to a communication opening 16 formed in the upright section 13 of the exterior wall section 3, facilitating the entry and exit of people and also serving as a drainage channel for water that tends to accumulate in the base body 134, which is a foundation body reinforcing the ground (soil, asphalt ground, existing concrete ground). In the present invention, the ground refers to the solid parts, including the soil, present in the ground GL, i.e., the ground (soil, asphalt ground, existing concrete ground) and the foundation body (e.g., the base body 134) laid to strengthen the ground. Therefore, the exterior wall section 3 may be supported directly on the soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground, or may be supported on the foundation body (e.g., the base body 134).

[0111] The shelter body 2 is open at the bottom, and the floorboards 4 that form the floor area where evacuees in the living space can temporarily wait are supported by support brackets AA that are fixed to the bottom body 134, which is a foundation that reinforces the outer wall portion 3 or the ground (soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground) that supports the outer wall portion 3, and extend upward.

[0112] Both ends of a mooring member 20 are attached to the anchor hook 19 fixed to the upper end 13a of the standing portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 and to the suspended support portion 12 provided at the upper end of the shelter main body 2. In other words, the mooring member 20 constitutes a connecting device that connects the upper end 13a of the outer wall portion 3 and the upper end of the shelter main body 2.

[0113] The mooring member 20 is configured with carabiners 20a, 20a on both ends of the chain, and the carabiners 20a, 20a can be attached to and detached from the anchor hook 19 and the suspended support part 12. The mooring member 20 is attached to the anchor hook 19 at the upper end of the standing part of the outer wall part 3 and to the suspended support part 12 provided at the upper end of the shelter main body 2, and rescue workers (described later) can attach and detach the carabiners 20a, 20a from above the standing part 13.

[0114] As described above, the structure having the living space and the protective structure are constructed separately, i.e., the shelter main body 2 and the exterior wall 3 are separate structures, so that the construction of the shelter 1 does not require much time or effort, including the cost of the structure. Also, because the shelter main body 2 and the exterior wall 3 are separate structures and the suspended support part 12 at the upper end of the shelter main body 2 can be hooked with a crane hook or the like of a crane and moved up and down, maintenance of the shelter main body 2 is easy, not just during construction and rescue. Furthermore, by constructing the exterior wall 3 from a divided body 333 that can be attached and detached with bolts or the like, maintenance of the exterior wall 3 is easy.

[0115] Next, we will explain what happens when a tsunami actually hits. Here, we will assume that the incoming wave that first reaches shelter 1 hits from the right side of the screen in Figure 24, and that the outgoing wave, which is the water that flows over shelter 1 and then returns after a period of time, hits shelter 1 from the left side of the screen in Figure 24.

[0116] When users become aware of an approaching tsunami due to a tsunami warning or the like, they evacuate into the living space S through the communication opening 16 formed in the rising part of the outer wall portion 3, the lower passage 68 below the shelter main body 2, and the entrance / exit 6 formed around the floor board 4.

[0117] The incoming waves of the tsunami that reach the shelter 1 and the returning backwash hit the strong upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3, preventing damage and destruction to the shelter body 2 installed inside the upright portions 13. Furthermore, because the upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3 are circular in plan view, no matter which direction the incoming waves coming from the sea side or the backwash returning from the mountain side hit, the water flow is diverted into two directions while circling around the upright portions, thereby attenuating the force of the incoming waves of the tsunami that directly act on the shelter 1, and also reducing the generation of vortices and the resistance of the outer wall portion 3 to being swept away, reducing the fluid resistance of the water and reducing the possibility of damage and destruction to the outer wall portion 3 itself.

[0118] Furthermore, since the space surrounded by the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, i.e., the space supporting the shelter main body 2, is open at the bottom by the approach portion 15, etc., seawater that flows between the shelter main body 2 and the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 can be quickly discharged to the outside.

[0119] Furthermore, even if the shelter body 2 temporarily floats up due to buoyancy when the water level rises, the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3 and the upper end of the shelter body 2 are connected by the mooring members 20, so the shelter body 2 remains moored and does not come off the outer wall 3. Depending on the length of the mooring members 20, it is possible to completely prevent the shelter body 2 from moving upward relative to the outer wall 3, or to temporarily stop the rise with sandbags. It is also possible to lay wire mesh on the outer wall 3 above the shelter body 2 so that it can be removed during rescue.

[0120] Furthermore, by arranging the protrusions 11 formed on the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2 between the guide portions formed on the inner surface of the rising portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, the rotation of the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 is restricted, and the shelter main body 2 does not rotate relative to the outer wall portion 3 when a tsunami strikes, resulting in excellent livability in the living space S.

[0121] Figure 25 shows the state after about three hours have passed since the first tsunami wave, and the tsunami has subsided. Sediment carried by the tsunami has piled up around Shelter 1.

[0122] It is preferable that users notify rescue teams of their location by sending a distress signal using a communication terminal or the like in the living space. After confirming the presence of the shelter 1, the rescue team first disengages the carabiners 20a, 20a (see Figure 21) of the mooring member 20 from at least one of the anchor hook 19 and the suspended support part 12. Next, the crane hook CF of the crane C is hooked onto the suspended support part 12 at the upper end of the shelter main body 2 and lifted up. This allows the shelter main body 2 to be separated upward from the outer wall part 3, allowing the evacuees to be guided outside.

[0123] It is also recommended that the shelter body 2 be installed inside the outer wall 3 so that its upper end is located lower than the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3. Therefore, the outer wall 3, which is supported by the ground, can reliably protect the shelter body 2 from the pressure of the tsunami and the collision of floating objects such as debris swept away by the tsunami.

[0124] In this embodiment, the exterior wall 3 is made of concrete, which allows for simple construction methods to ensure the strength to withstand the pressure of the tsunami, as well as debris swept away by the tsunami, collisions with buildings and ships, etc. In contrast, the shelter body 2 is primarily made of plastic, which allows for lightweight construction and reduces the external force required to lift it upward. In this way, the exterior wall 3 and the shelter body 2 can be combined to form a simple structure, allowing the shelter 1 to be quickly constructed in areas where the impact of a tsunami is a concern. Plastic is particularly easy to drill holes in, using a cutting machine or similar, allowing for rapid rescue operations. Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is also easy to maintain.

[0125] As in Example 5, the outer wall portion 3 is secured to the bottom body 134, which is a concrete foundation, with anchor bolts A or other fixing materials to ensure strength, and the annular outer wall portion 3 is constructed as an assembly of mainly concrete-made partition bodies 333. In this example, at least one of the partition bodies 333 has a communication port 16 in the lower part of the upright portion 13. It is also possible to make all the partition bodies 333 the same and form communication ports 16 between the partition bodies 333.

[0126] 26 and 20, a cover body 23B made of a strong and easily workable material such as metal is disposed above the communication opening 16 so as to engage with the upper end of the outer wall 3 at a locking portion K, and side plates 23D extend vertically above and below, enclosing an evacuation passage 23A. A ladder 23C extending upward is provided within the cover body 23B. In this way, the passage 23A covered by the cover body 23B is formed on the outer wall 3 outside the shelter main body 2, and the cover body 23B prevents the passage from being blocked or damaged by rubble, allowing people to climb up the ladder 3C attached to the outer wall 3 to the top of the outer wall.

[0127] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention also includes modifications and additions that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention.

[0128] The outer wall portion of the above-mentioned embodiment is not limited to a configuration supported by a bottom plate made of concrete poured on the ground surface or a bottom body 134 made of concrete poured underground, but may be configured to be supported and fixed to an existing structure on the ground or on the roof of a building with anchor bolts, etc. It is also possible to use the strength of the breakwater of a quay as the strength of the outer wall portion and build a tsunami shelter close to the breakwater.

[0129] Furthermore, the exterior walls are not limited to being made of reinforced concrete, but may be made of, for example, metal or synthetic resin, etc. Similarly, the shelter body is not limited to being made of fiber-reinforced plastic, but may be made of, for example, metal or another translucent resin material, and if a translucent material is used, the upper part of the exterior walls is open, allowing outside light to enter the shelter.

[0130] Furthermore, the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being approximately circular when viewed from above, but may be, for example, elliptical or rectangular, and the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being the same shape when viewed from above.

[0131] The structure of the shelter body 2 is not limited as long as it is sealed at least at the upper part and has a living space inside. For example, multiple entrances and exits may be formed below the living space. Providing doors at each opening is also effective in preventing the intrusion of debris and water.

[0132] A tsunami shelter according to Example 7 will be described with reference to Figures 27 to 31. Reference numeral 1 in Figure 27 denotes a tsunami shelter (hereinafter referred to as the shelter) to which the present invention is applied. The shelter 1 is an evacuation shelter that is primarily placed near a residence (not shown) built along the coast, and is primarily composed of a shelter main body 2 and an outer wall portion 3 that supports the shelter main body 2.

[0133] As shown in Figures 27 and 29, the shelter body 2 is preferably made of a relatively lightweight plastic, and at least the top surface should be made of a light-transmitting plastic to provide a sense of security to people and animals in the internal living space S. It is typically integrally formed from plastics such as PE, PP, PC, and PVC, and has a dome-shaped, roughly bell-shaped upper end, forming a roughly circular shape in plan view. A flat top surface is also acceptable instead of a dome shape. The shelter body 2 is open at the bottom, and the floorboards 4, which form the floor area where evacuees in the living space temporarily wait, are supported by support brackets AA extending from the exterior wall 3 or the ground supporting the exterior wall 3, as described below. The living space S extends above the floorboards 4. As mentioned above, the shelter body 2 may have a cylindrical shape, i.e., an upside-down bucket shape, rather than a roughly bell-shaped, dome-shaped upper end. By using plastic for the shelter body 2, rescue operations can be carried out after a tsunami when people are unable to easily exit the shelter body 2 through its escape exits by cutting the plastic. While the shelter body 2 is made of plastic, any material that is weaker than the exterior wall 3 (metal, concrete, FRP, thick plastic, etc.) can be easily destroyed during rescue operations, facilitating rescue efforts. Polyethylene (PE) is suitable as a material for the shelter body 2 because it is stable against acids and alkalis, and low-molecular-weight polyethylene swells in hydrocarbon solvents, while high-molecular-weight polyethylene has excellent chemical resistance and maintains strength. Polyethylene (PE) is also suitable as a material for the shelter body 2, which is likely to be exposed to sunlight from above.

[0134] As shown in Figure 29, the floor panel 4 has a cylindrical portion 5 extending around it below the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2, connecting the hollow space inside the cylindrical portion 5 to the living space S. A notch 4b is formed in the floor panel 4, and this notch 4b in the floor panel 4 and the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 form an entrance / exit 6 to the living space S. The living space S of the shelter main body 2 is airtight, with no air vents above except for the gap between this entrance / exit 6 and the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 and the floor panel 4. Incidentally, access to the living space S can be facilitated by hanging a ladder or the like over the entrance 6, if necessary. The floor panel 4 may be installed as an integral structure with the bottom body 134 without using the support bracket AA.

[0135] The floor boards 4 are located at least above the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7, and the shelter body 2 has a raised floor structure with a space below the floor boards 4. The lower passage 68 is formed as an open space below the floor boards 4 that make up the floor, and down to the vicinity of the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7. Because such a large shelter body 2 is integrally formed using the rotational molding method, air leakage from inside the shelter body 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0136] A convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7. Although not shown here, the convex rib portion 9 has a length along the circumferential direction and cooperates with the support portion 17. Furthermore, a protrusion 11 that protrudes outward is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7, spaced apart from the convex rib portion 9 in the circumferential direction. The function of this convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 and protrusion 11 is to serve as a stopper to prevent the shelter main body 2 from rotating or falling when installing the shelter main body 2 after the outer wall portion has been constructed. By lowering the shelter main body 2 through an opening 60 at the top of the outer wall portion 3, the support portion 17 and the convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 come into contact with each other and are positioned. An opening 60 is formed in the upper portion of the outer wall portion surrounding the periphery of the shelter main body, and a protective means 69 that covers the shelter main body 2 from above is attached to the opening 60. This protective means 69, which covers the opening 60 at the top of the outer wall 3, effectively protects the top of the shelter body 2, which is made of a relatively light and weak material such as plastic, from flowing debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis. In addition, since the shelter body 2 can be moved up and down through the opening 60 at the top of the outer wall 3, removing the protective means 69 makes it easy to perform maintenance on the shelter body 2 and the interior of the outer wall 3.

[0137] A handle-shaped suspended support part 12 is provided at the upper end of the shelter body 2. A crane hook or the like of a crane, which will be described later, can be hooked onto the suspended support part 12.

[0138] The exterior wall 3 is primarily constructed as an assembly of concrete segments 333, although reinforcing steel or reinforcing plastic may be used for strength reinforcement. The exterior wall 3 thus comprises multiple segments 333, which are combined to form a ring shape and have an upper opening 3a. Each segment 333 includes a standing portion 13 and a base portion 64 extending outward from the lower end of the standing portion 13. At least one of the segments 333 has a communication opening 16 formed in a portion of the standing portion 13, and a passage 3A extending upward along the exterior wall 3. This passage 3A is covered by a cover 3B, and a ladder 3C extending upward is provided within the cover 3B. The inner edge shape formed by the standing portion 13 is substantially the same as the outer edge shape of the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2, but is slightly larger than the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2. That is, the shelter body 2 is loosely fitted inside the rising portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3. In this embodiment, the passage 3A is covered with the cover 3B, but the passage 3A may be formed by forming a recess or protrusion in the vertical direction between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3, and a passage may be formed between the shelter body 2 and the outer wall portion 3, as long as the passage 3A is not blocked or damaged by debris.

[0139] Furthermore, the upright portion 13 of the partition 333 of the outer wall 3 has a locking portion 18 formed on a portion of the inner circumferential surface, spaced apart from the ridge portion 9 in the circumferential direction. The locking portion 18 is composed of a pair of guide portions 18a, 18a extending parallel to each other in the vertical direction of the inner circumferential surface. The guide portions 18a, 18a are spaced apart from each other by a distance slightly larger than the circumferential dimension of the protrusion 11 formed on the circumferential wall 7 of the shelter main body 2. The protrusion 11 is positioned between the guide portions 18a, 18a, thereby positioning the relative phase between the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3. The protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 function as a rotation restriction means between the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3. Note that if the shelter main body 2 is not circular in plan view, or if the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall 3 have shapes that restrict rotation relative to each other, the protrusion 11 and the locking portion 18 that constitute this rotation restriction means may be omitted.

[0140] The approach section 15 is connected to a communication opening 16 formed in the upright section 13 of the exterior wall section 3, facilitating the entry and exit of people and also serving as a drainage channel for water that tends to accumulate in the base body 134, which is a foundation body reinforcing the ground (soil, asphalt ground, existing concrete ground). In the present invention, the term "ground" refers to the solid parts, including the soil, present in the ground GL, that is, the ground (soil, asphalt ground, existing concrete ground) and the foundation body (e.g., the base body 134) laid to strengthen the ground. Therefore, the exterior wall section 3 may be supported directly on the soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground, or may be supported on the foundation body (e.g., the base body 134).

[0141] The shelter body 2 is open at the bottom, and the floorboards 4 that form the floor area where evacuees in the living space can temporarily wait are supported by support brackets AA that are fixed to the bottom body 134, which is a foundation that reinforces the outer wall portion 3 or the ground (soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground) that supports the outer wall portion 3, and extend upward.

[0142] As described above, the structure having the living space and the protective structure are constructed separately, i.e., the shelter main body 2 and the exterior wall 3 are separate structures, so that the construction of the shelter 1, including the cost of the structure, does not require much time or effort, and maintenance is also easy. Also, since the shelter main body 2 and the exterior wall 3 are separate structures and the suspended support part 12 at the upper end of the shelter main body 2 can be hooked with a crane hook or the like and moved up and down, maintenance of the shelter main body 2 is easy, not just during construction and rescue. Furthermore, by constructing the exterior wall 3 from a divided body 333 that can be attached and detached with bolts or the like, maintenance of the exterior wall 3 is easy.

[0143] Next, we will explain what happens when a tsunami actually hits. Here, we will assume that the incoming wave that first reaches shelter 1 hits from the right side of the screen in Figure 30, and that the outgoing wave, which is the water that flows over shelter 1 and then returns after a period of time, hits shelter 1 from the left side of the screen in Figure 30.

[0144] When users become aware of an approaching tsunami due to a tsunami warning or the like, they evacuate into the living space S through the communication opening 16 formed in the rising part of the outer wall portion 3, the lower passage 68 below the shelter main body 2, and the entrance / exit 6 formed around the floor board 4.

[0145] The incoming waves of a tsunami that reach the shelter 1 and the returning backwash hit the strong upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3, preventing damage and destruction to the shelter body 2 installed inside the upright portions 13. Furthermore, because the upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3 are circular in plan view, no matter which direction the incoming waves from the sea side or the backwash from the mountain side hit, the water flow is diverted into two directions while circling around the upright portions, thereby attenuating the force of the incoming waves of the tsunami that directly act on the shelter 1, and also reducing the generation of vortices that make the outer wall portion 3 less likely to be swept away, resulting in less fluid resistance of the water and a lower possibility of damage and destruction to the outer wall portion 3 itself. An opening 60 is formed in the upper part of the outer wall that surrounds the shelter body, and a protective means 69 that covers the shelter body 2 from above is attached to the opening 60. This protective means 69, covering the opening 60 at the top of the exterior wall 3, effectively protects the upper part of the shelter body 2, which is made of a relatively lightweight and low-strength material such as plastic, from floating debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis. Furthermore, the shelter body 2 can be moved vertically or removed through the opening 60 at the top of the exterior wall 3, facilitating maintenance of the shelter body 2 and the interior of the exterior wall 3 by removing the protective means 69. While the protective means 69 is shown as a metal lattice, it can be any shape that protects the shelter body 2 from damage, such as a flat lid, sheet, or net. A relatively airtight closure lid or sheet is suitable for preventing everyday garbage accumulation. To protect the shelter body 2 from damage caused by sunlight from above, a material with at least ultraviolet protection is preferred. The protective means 69 is not limited to a shape that covers the entire exterior wall 3; it may also be installed inside the opening at the top of the exterior wall 3.

[0146] Furthermore, since the space surrounded by the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, i.e., the space supporting the shelter main body 2, is open at the bottom by the approach portion 15, etc., seawater that flows between the shelter main body 2 and the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 can be quickly discharged to the outside.

[0147] Furthermore, even if the shelter body 2 temporarily rises due to buoyancy when the water level rises, the opening 60 contains a protective means 69 that covers the shelter body 2 from above and is fixed to the exterior wall 3 with a locking means B. Specifically, bolts serving as the locking means B are screwed into engaging holes in the upright portions 13 of the exterior wall 3, preventing the protective means 69 from rising. This also prevents the shelter body 2 from floating up from the exterior wall 3. Sandbags can also be attached to the lower portion of the shelter body 2 to temporarily prevent the shelter body 2 from rising due to buoyancy or other factors. Alternatively, a wire mesh can be firmly installed on the exterior wall 3 above the shelter body 2 as the protective means 69 and removed during rescue. If the evacuees inside are able to destroy the shelter body 2 themselves during their escape, a locking / unlocking means can be provided to unlock the locking means (e.g., bolts or hooks) that prevent the protective means 69 from moving from inside the exterior wall 3.

[0148] Furthermore, by arranging the protrusions 11 formed on the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2 between the guide portions formed on the inner surface of the rising portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, the rotation of the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 is restricted, and the shelter main body 2 does not rotate relative to the outer wall portion 3 when a tsunami strikes, resulting in excellent livability in the living space S.

[0149] Figure 31 shows the state after about three hours have passed since the first tsunami wave, and the area around Shelter 1 is covered with sediment carried by the tsunami.

[0150] It is preferable that users notify rescue teams of their location by sending a distress signal using a communication terminal or the like in the living space. After confirming the presence of the shelter 1, the rescue team removes the protective means 69 and then lifts the shelter 1 by hooking the crane hook CF of the crane C onto the suspension support part 12 at the upper end of the shelter main body 2. This allows the shelter main body 2 to be separated upward from the outer wall part 3, and the evacuees can be led outside.

[0151] It is also recommended that the shelter body 2 be installed inside the outer wall 3 so that its upper end is located lower than the protective means 69 and the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3. Therefore, the outer wall 3, which is supported by the ground, can reliably protect the shelter body 2 from the pressure of the tsunami and the collision of floating objects such as debris swept away by the tsunami.

[0152] In this embodiment, the outer wall 3 is made of concrete, which allows for simple construction methods to ensure the strength to withstand the pressure of the tsunami, as well as debris swept away by the tsunami, collisions with buildings and ships, etc. In contrast, the shelter body 2 is primarily made of plastic, which allows for lightweight construction and reduces the external force required to lift it upward. In this way, the outer wall 3 and the shelter body 2 can be combined to form a simple structure, allowing the shelter 1 to be quickly constructed in areas where the impact of a tsunami is a concern. Plastic is particularly easy to drill holes in, using a cutting machine or similar, allowing for rapid rescue operations. Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is also easy to maintain.

[0153] As in Example 7, the outer wall portion 3 is secured to the bottom body 134, which is a concrete foundation, with anchor bolts A or other fastening materials to ensure strength, and the annular outer wall portion 3 is constructed as an assembly of mainly concrete-made partition bodies 333. In this example, at least one of the partition bodies 333 has a communication port 16 in the lower part of the upright portion 13. It is also possible to make all the partition bodies 333 the same and form communication ports 16 between the partition bodies 333.

[0154] 32 and 20, a cover body 23B made of a strong and easily workable material such as metal is disposed above the communication opening 16 so as to engage with the upper end of the outer wall 3 at a locking portion K, and side plates 23D extend vertically above and below, enclosing an evacuation passage 23A. An upwardly extending ladder 23C is provided within the cover body 23B. In this way, the passage 23A covered by the cover body 23B is formed on the outer wall 3 outside the shelter main body 2, and the cover body 23B prevents the passage from being blocked or damaged by rubble, allowing people to climb up the ladder 3C provided on the outer wall 3 to the top of the outer wall.

[0155] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention also includes modifications and additions that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention.

[0156] The outer wall portion of the above-mentioned embodiment is not limited to a configuration supported by a bottom plate made of concrete poured on the ground surface or a bottom body 134 made of concrete poured underground, but may be configured to be supported and fixed to an existing structure on the ground or on the roof of a building with anchor bolts, etc. It is also possible to use the strength of the breakwater of a quay as the strength of the outer wall portion and build a tsunami shelter close to the breakwater.

[0157] Furthermore, the exterior wall portion is not limited to being made of reinforced concrete, but may be made of, for example, metal or synthetic resin. That is, instead of the concrete exterior wall portion (divided body) 333, the exterior wall portion 3 may be constructed using an exterior wall portion (divided body) 333 made of metal plate or an exterior wall portion (divided body) 333 made of synthetic resin. Similarly, the shelter main body is not limited to being made of plastic, but may be made of metal such as aluminum, and if a translucent material such as PP or PC is used, the opening at the top of the exterior wall portion allows outside light to enter the shelter.

[0158] Furthermore, the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being approximately circular when viewed from above, but may be, for example, elliptical or rectangular, and the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being the same shape when viewed from above.

[0159] The structure of the shelter body 2 is not limited as long as it is sealed at least at the upper part and has a living space inside. For example, multiple entrances and exits may be formed below the living space. Providing doors at each opening is also effective in preventing the intrusion of debris and water.

[0160] A tsunami shelter according to Example 9 will be described with reference to Figures 33 to 37. Reference numeral 1 in Figure 33 denotes a tsunami shelter (hereinafter referred to as the shelter) to which the present invention is applied. The shelter 1 is an evacuation shelter that is primarily placed near a residence (not shown) built along the coast, and is primarily composed of a shelter main body 2 and an outer wall portion 3 that supports the shelter main body 2.

[0161] As shown in Figures 33 and 35, the shelter body 2 is preferably made of a relatively lightweight plastic, and at least the top surface should be made of a light-transmitting plastic to provide a sense of security to people and animals in the internal living space S. It is primarily formed integrally from plastics such as PE, PP, PC, and PVC, and has a dome-shaped, approximately bell-shaped upper end, forming an approximately circular shape in plan view. A flat top surface is also acceptable instead of a dome shape. The shelter body 2 is open at the bottom, and the floorboards 4, which form the floor area where evacuees in the living space temporarily wait, are supported by support brackets AA extending from the exterior wall 3 or the ground supporting the exterior wall 3, as described below. The living space S extends above the floorboards 4. As mentioned above, the shelter body 2 may be cylindrical, i.e., shaped like an upside-down bucket, rather than having a dome-shaped, approximately bell-shaped upper end. By using plastic for the shelter body 2, rescue operations can be carried out after a tsunami when people are unable to easily exit the shelter body 2's escape exits by cutting the plastic. While the shelter body 2 is made of plastic, any material weaker than the exterior wall 3 (metal, concrete, FRP, thick plastic, etc.) can be easily destroyed during rescue operations, facilitating rescue efforts. Polyethylene (PE) is suitable as a material for the shelter body 2 because it is stable against acids and alkalis, and low-molecular-weight polyethylene swells in hydrocarbon solvents, while high-molecular-weight polyethylene has excellent chemical resistance and maintains strength. Polyethylene (PE) is also suitable as a material for the shelter body 2, which is likely to be exposed to sunlight from above.

[0162] As shown in Figure 35, the floor panel 4 has a cylindrical portion 5 extending around it below the peripheral wall 7 of the shelter main body 2, connecting the hollow space inside the cylindrical portion 5 to the living space S. A notch 4b is formed in the floor panel 4, and this notch 4b in the floor panel 4 and the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 form an entrance / exit 6 to the living space S. The living space S of the shelter main body 2 is airtight, with no air vents above except for the gap between this entrance / exit 6 and the opening at the lower end of the cylindrical portion 5 and the floor panel 4. Incidentally, access to the living space S can be facilitated by hanging a ladder or the like over the entrance 6, if necessary. The floor panel 4 may be installed as an integral structure with the bottom body 134 without using the support bracket AA.

[0163] The floor boards 4 are located at least above the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7, and the shelter body 2 has a raised floor structure with a space below the floor boards 4. The lower passage 68 is formed as an open space below the floor boards 4 that make up the floor, and down to the vicinity of the lower end 7a of the peripheral wall 7. Because such a large shelter body 2 is integrally formed using the rotational molding method, air leakage from inside the shelter body 2 can be prevented as much as possible.

[0164] A convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 is formed in the vertical center of the peripheral wall portion 7. Although not shown here, multiple convex ribs 9 are formed at intervals in the circumferential direction and are supported by a pair of support portions 17, 17 protruding from opposite circumferential positions on the inner peripheral surface of the outer wall portion 3. The function of this convex rib portion (convex portion) 9 is to serve as a stopper to prevent the shelter main body 2 from falling when installing the shelter main body 2 after the outer wall portion 3 is constructed. When the shelter main body 2 is lowered through an opening 60 at the top of the outer wall portion 3, the support portions 17, 17 come into contact with the convex rib portion (convex portion) 9, thereby positioning the shelter main body. An opening 60 is formed at the top of the outer wall portion 3 surrounding the periphery of the shelter main body, and a protective means 69 that covers the shelter main body 2 from above is attached to this opening 60. This protective means 69, which covers the opening 60 at the top of the outer wall 3, effectively protects the top of the shelter body 2, which is made of a relatively light and weak material such as plastic, from flowing debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis. In addition, since the shelter body 2 can be moved up and down through the opening 60 at the top of the outer wall 3, removing the protective means 69 makes it easy to perform maintenance on the shelter body 2 and the interior of the outer wall 3.

[0165] The exterior wall 3 is primarily constructed as an assembly of concrete segments 333, although reinforcing steel or reinforcing plastic may be used for strength reinforcement. The exterior wall 3 thus comprises multiple segments 333, which are assembled to form a ring shape and have an upper opening 3a. Each segment 333 includes an upright portion 13 and a base portion 64 extending outward from the lower end of the upright portion 13. The base portion 64 is formed with insertion holes 14a (see FIG. 33 ) for anchor bolts A used to secure each segment 333 to the bottom body 134. At least one of the segments 333 has a communication opening 16 formed in a portion of the upright portion 13, connecting the interior and exterior of the exterior wall 3, and a passage 3A extending upward along the exterior wall 3. The passage 3A is covered with a cover 3B, and a ladder 3C extending upward is provided within the cover 3B. The inner edge shape formed by the upright portions 13 is substantially the same as the outer edge shape of the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2, and is formed slightly larger than the peripheral wall portion 7 of the shelter main body 2. In other words, the shelter main body 2 is loosely fitted inside the upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3. In this embodiment, the passage 3A is covered with the cover 3B, but the passage 3A may be formed between the shelter main body 2 and the outer wall portion 3 by forming a recess or protrusion in the vertical direction, as long as the passage 3A is not blocked or damaged by debris.

[0166] As shown in Figures 34 and 35, support portions 17, 17 are protruded from the inner circumferential surface of the rising portion 13 of the partition 333 of the outer wall portion 3 having the communication port 16, and of the rising portion 13 of one of the two partitions 333a, 333a located on the opposite circumferential side of the communication port 16, so as to face each other.

[0167] Furthermore, a metal reinforcing plate 31 is provided inside each of the segments 333a. The reinforcing plate 31 is formed in a generally L-shape with a vertical portion 31a extending vertically along the upright portion 13 and a horizontal portion 31b extending outward from the lower end of the vertical portion 31a. An insertion hole (not shown) for the anchor bolt A is formed in the horizontal portion 31b. Thus, the reinforcing plate 31 provided inside each of the segments 333a makes the segments 333a stronger than the other segments 333. In other words, the specific portion 73 consisting of the segments 333a located circumferentially opposite the communication opening 16 in the outer wall portion 3 has a higher strength than the portion other than the specific portion 73 (the portion consisting of multiple segments 333 without the reinforcing plate 31).

[0168] Therefore, by installing the exterior wall 3 so that the communication opening 16 through which people enter and exit is located opposite the sea side and the specific section 73 is located on the sea side, the portion of the exterior wall 3 that is most likely to be hit by a tsunami approaching from the sea side is constructed with the specific section 73 consisting of the high-strength segments 333a, 333a, thereby suppressing damage and destruction of the exterior wall 3 due to tsunami wave force. On the other hand, by constructing the portions other than the specific section 73 with the segment 333 without the reinforcing plate 31, the exterior wall 3 can be manufactured relatively inexpensively. Note that in Example 9, the specific section 73 has a higher strength than all other portions of the exterior wall 3 except for the specific section 73, but the portion consisting of the segment 333 having the communication opening 16, which is likely to be hit by a backwash, may be constructed with the segment 333a having the reinforcing plate 31 so as to have approximately the same strength as the specific section 73, as long as it is stronger than at least the portions on both sides of the specific section 73 that are less susceptible to the effects of a tsunami.

[0169] In addition, in the ninth embodiment, the specific portion 73 having high strength is formed by providing reinforcing plates 31, 31 inside the segments 333a, 333a that form the outer wall portion 3, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the specific portion having high strength may be formed by forming the segments 333a, 333a from other materials such as concrete or resin that are stronger than the other segments 333, providing reinforcing members other than metal plates (e.g., reinforcing bars, etc.) inside, reinforcing the inner or outer surface of the segment 333 by fixing reinforcing plates, increasing the thickness, forming reinforcing ribs, etc. Furthermore, although the specific portion 73 is formed by two segments 333a, 333a located on opposite sides of the communication opening 16 in the circumferential direction, it may be formed by three or more segments.

[0170] Furthermore, the substantially cylindrical outer wall portion 3 having the upper opening 3a has at least the outer surface of the specific portion 73 formed in a substantially rounded shape in plan view, which allows the tsunami to smoothly escape to both sides of the specific portion 73 and thereby disperses the pressure of the tsunami acting on the outer wall portion 3. Note that the rounded shape includes a substantially arc-shaped shape in plan view, a substantially inverted U-shaped shape in plan view, a substantially mountain-shaped shape in plan view, etc. Note that the outer surface may be formed in a rounded shape by a curved surface, or may be formed in a rounded shape by multiple flat surfaces arranged side by side in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, at least the outer surface of the specific portion 73 may be formed in a surface that slopes downward and outward.

[0171] The approach section 15 is connected to a communication opening 16 formed in the upright section 13 of the exterior wall section 3, facilitating the entry and exit of people and also serving as a drainage channel for water that tends to accumulate in the base body 134, which is a foundation body reinforcing the ground (soil, asphalt ground, existing concrete ground). In the present invention, the term "ground" refers to the solid parts, including the soil, present in the ground GL, that is, the ground (soil, asphalt ground, existing concrete ground) and the foundation body (e.g., the base body 134) laid to strengthen the ground. Therefore, the exterior wall section 3 may be supported directly on the soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground, or may be supported on the foundation body (e.g., the base body 134).

[0172] The shelter body 2 is open at the bottom, and the floorboards 4 that form the floor area where evacuees in the living space can temporarily wait are supported by support brackets AA that are fixed to the bottom body 134, which is a foundation that reinforces the outer wall portion 3 or the ground (soil, asphalt ground, or existing concrete ground) that supports the outer wall portion 3, and extend upward.

[0173] 33 and 35, the shelter 1 is equipped with a restricting means 40 for restricting tsunami water from entering the interior of the outer wall 3 through the communication opening 16, creating an "air pocket" in the enclosed, bag-like living space S, which would apply large pressure to the interior of the shelter body 2 or cause buoyancy and cause the shelter body 2 to float up. The restricting means 40 is composed of a retaining portion 40a formed in a net shape using metal wires or the like, and multiple hooks 40b suspended circumferentially from the lower end of the retaining portion 40a. Meanwhile, multiple eyebolts 41 capable of engaging the hooks 40b are fixed circumferentially along the inner circumferential surface of the outer wall 3 on the upper surface of the bottom body 134.

[0174] The restricting means 40 restricts the floating of the shelter body 2 by placing the retaining portion 40a over the top of the shelter body 2 from above and engaging the multiple hanging hooks 40b with the eyebolts 41. The restricting means 40 can be easily removed for maintenance by removing the hooks 40b from the eyebolts 41. The restricting means 40 preferably restricts the floating of the shelter body 2 so that it does not collide with the upper protective means 69. Furthermore, the load applied to the restricting means 40 by the floating of the shelter body 2 can be supported by the solid bottom body 134, preventing impact on the outer wall 3. Furthermore, the dome-shaped top of the shelter body 2 distributes the pressure applied inside the shelter body 2 due to the intrusion of a tsunami and also distributes the load applied when the floating is restricted by the restricting means 40. This prevents damage and destruction of the shelter body 2 due to pressure impacts or floating. Furthermore, the holding portion 40a of the regulating means 40 is formed in a mesh shape using metal wire or the like, but any shape such as wire mesh, wire, sheet, etc. that can regulate the floating of the shelter main body 2 can be used.

[0175] As described above, the structure having the living space and the protective structure are constructed separately, i.e., the shelter main body 2 and the exterior wall 3 are separate structures, so that the construction of the shelter 1, including the cost of the structure, does not require much time or effort, and maintenance is also easy. Also, since the shelter main body 2 and the exterior wall 3 are separate structures and the suspended support part 12 at the upper end of the shelter main body 2 can be hooked with a crane hook or the like and moved up and down, maintenance of the shelter main body 2 is easy, not just during construction and rescue. Furthermore, by constructing the exterior wall 3 from a divided body 333 that can be attached and detached with bolts or the like, maintenance of the exterior wall 3 is easy.

[0176] Next, we will explain what happens when a tsunami actually hits. Here, we will assume that the incoming wave that first reaches shelter 1 hits from the right side of the screen in Figure 36, and that the outgoing wave, which is the water that flows over shelter 1 and then returns after a period of time, hits shelter 1 from the left side of the screen in Figure 36.

[0177] When users become aware of an approaching tsunami due to a tsunami warning or the like, they evacuate into the living space S through the communication opening 16 formed in the rising part of the outer wall portion 3, the lower passage 68 below the shelter main body 2, and the entrance / exit 6 formed around the floor board 4.

[0178] The incoming waves of a tsunami that reach the shelter 1 and the returning backwash hit the strong upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3, preventing damage and destruction to the shelter body 2 installed inside the upright portions 13. In particular, the specific portion 73 of the outer wall portion 3, which is located on the sea side and is most likely to be hit by the incoming waves, has its strength increased by the reinforcing plate 31 provided inside, preventing damage and destruction to the outer wall portion 3. Furthermore, because the upright portions 13 of the outer wall portion 3 are circular in plan view, no matter from which direction the incoming waves coming from the sea side or the backwash waves returning from the mountain side hit them, the water flow is diverted into two directions while circling the upright portions, thereby attenuating the force of the incoming waves of the tsunami that directly acts on the shelter 1. In addition, vortices are less likely to be created, making it difficult for the outer wall portion 3 to be swept away, and the fluid resistance of the water is reduced, reducing the possibility of damage and destruction to the outer wall portion 3 itself.

[0179] An opening 60 is formed in the upper part of the outer wall surrounding the shelter body, and a protective means 69 is attached to the opening 60 to cover the shelter body 2 from above. This protective means 69, which covers the opening 60 at the top of the outer wall 3, effectively protects the upper part of the shelter body 2, which is made of a relatively lightweight and low-strength material such as plastic, from floating debris and falling objects caused by disasters such as tsunamis. The shelter body 2 can be moved vertically or removed through the opening 60 at the top of the outer wall 3. Therefore, maintenance of the shelter body 2 and the interior of the outer wall 3 can be easily performed by removing the protective means 69 and restricting means 40. While the protective means 69 is shown as a metal lattice, it can be any shape that protects the shelter body 2 from damage, such as a flat lid, sheet, or net. A relatively airtight closure lid or sheet is suitable for preventing everyday garbage accumulation. A material that has at least ultraviolet protection is suitable to prevent damage to the shelter body 2 caused by sunlight from above. The protection means 69 is not limited to a shape that covers the upper part of the outer wall part 3, but may also be installed inside the opening at the upper part of the outer wall part 3.

[0180] Furthermore, since the space surrounded by the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3, i.e., the space supporting the shelter main body 2, is open at the bottom by the approach portion 15, etc., seawater that flows between the shelter main body 2 and the upright portion 13 of the outer wall portion 3 can be quickly discharged to the outside.

[0181] Furthermore, when water from a tsunami seeps into the interior of the exterior wall 3 through the communication opening 16, a large amount of pressure is applied from below to the interior of the shelter body 2, or the shelter body is subjected to buoyancy, which prevents it from floating up, and this is restricted by the restricting means 40, and at the opening 60, a protective means 69 that covers the shelter body 2 from above is fixed to the exterior wall 3 by locking means B. In other words, the bolts that serve as the locking means B are attached by screw fixing to the engaging holes in the upright parts 13 of the exterior wall 3, preventing the protective means 69 from rising up. This also prevents the shelter body 2 from floating up from the exterior wall 3.

[0182] In addition to or separately from the restricting means 40, sandbags can be attached to the lower part of the shelter body 2 to temporarily stop the shelter body 2 from rising due to buoyancy or other factors. Furthermore, by providing a buffer member (not shown) with a recess into which the upper part of the shelter body 2 can fit in the space between the protective means 69 and the shelter body 2, the impact when the shelter body 2 collides with the protective means 69 can be reduced. Furthermore, a wire mesh may be firmly installed as the protective means 69 on the outer wall 3 above the shelter body 2, and removed during rescue. If the evacuees inside are able to destroy the shelter body 2 themselves when escaping, a locking / unlocking means (e.g., bolts or hooks) that prevents the protection means 69 from moving can be provided from the inside of the outer wall 3.

[0183] Figure 37 shows the state after about three hours have passed since the first tsunami wave, and the area around Shelter 1 is covered with sediment carried by the tsunami.

[0184] It is preferable that the user notify the rescue team of their location by sending a distress signal using a communication terminal or the like in the living space. After confirming the presence of the shelter 1, the rescue team removes the protection means 69 and the restriction means 40, and then uses a crane (not shown) to lift the shelter body 2. This allows the shelter body 2 to be separated upward from the outer wall 3, allowing the evacuees to be guided outside.

[0185] It is also recommended that the shelter body 2 be installed inside the outer wall 3 so that its upper end is located below the protective means 69 and the upper end 13a of the outer wall 3. Therefore, the outer wall 3, which is supported by the ground, can reliably protect the shelter body 2 from the pressure of the tsunami and the collision of floating objects such as rubble swept away by the tsunami.

[0186] In this embodiment, the outer wall 3 is made of concrete, which allows for simple construction methods to ensure the strength to withstand the pressure of the tsunami, as well as debris swept away by the tsunami, collisions with buildings and ships, etc. In contrast, the shelter body 2 is primarily made of plastic, which allows for lightweight construction and reduces the external force required to lift it upward. In this way, the outer wall 3 and the shelter body 2 can be combined to form a simple structure, allowing the shelter 1 to be quickly constructed in areas where the impact of a tsunami is a concern. Plastic is particularly easy to drill holes in, using a cutting machine or similar, allowing for rapid rescue operations. Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is also easy to maintain.

[0187] As in Example 9, the outer wall portion 3 is secured to the bottom body 134, which is a concrete foundation, with anchor bolts A or other fasteners to ensure strength, and the annular outer wall portion 3 is constructed as an assembly of mainly concrete-made partition bodies 333. In this example, at least one of the partition bodies 333 has a communication port 16 in the lower part of the upright portion 13. It is also possible to make all the partition bodies 333 the same and form communication ports 16 between the partition bodies 333.

[0188] 38 and 20, a cover body 23B made of a strong and easily workable material such as metal is disposed above the communication opening 16 so as to engage with the upper end of the outer wall 3 at a locking portion K, and side plates 23D extend vertically above and below, enclosing an evacuation passage 23A. An upwardly extending ladder 23C is provided within the cover body 23B. In this way, the passage 23A covered by the cover body 23B is formed on the outer wall 3 outside the shelter main body 2, and the cover body 23B prevents the passage from being blocked or damaged by rubble, allowing people to climb up the ladder 3C attached to the outer wall 3 to the top of the outer wall.

[0189] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention also includes modifications and additions that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention.

[0190] The outer wall portion of the above-mentioned embodiment is not limited to a configuration supported by a bottom plate made of concrete poured on the ground surface or a bottom body 134 made of concrete poured underground, but may be configured to be supported and fixed to an existing structure on the ground or on the roof of a building with anchor bolts, etc. It is also possible to use the strength of the breakwater of a quay as the strength of the outer wall portion and build a tsunami shelter close to the breakwater.

[0191] Furthermore, the exterior wall portion is not limited to being made of reinforced concrete, but may be made of, for example, metal or synthetic resin. That is, instead of the concrete exterior wall portion (divided body) 333, the exterior wall portion 3 may be constructed using an exterior wall portion (divided body) 333 made of metal plate or an exterior wall portion (divided body) 333 made of synthetic resin. Similarly, the shelter main body is not limited to being made of plastic, but may be made of metal such as aluminum, and if a translucent material such as PP or PC is used, the opening at the top of the exterior wall portion allows outside light to enter the shelter.

[0192] Furthermore, the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being approximately circular when viewed from above, but may be, for example, elliptical or rectangular, and the shelter body and the outer wall portion are not limited to being the same shape when viewed from above.

[0193] The structure of the shelter body 2 is not limited as long as it is sealed at least at the upper part and has a living space inside. For example, multiple entrances and exits may be formed below the living space. Providing doors at each opening is also effective in preventing the intrusion of debris and water.

[0194] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shelter 2 Shelter body 3 Outer wall portion 3a Upper opening 4 Floor board 5 Cylindrical portion 6 Entrance / exit 7 Peripheral wall portion 7a Lower end 8 Opening 9 Convex strip portion 11 Protruding portion 12 Suspended support portion 13 Upright portion 13a Upper end portion 14 Flange portion 15 Approach portion 15a Wall portion 15b Ladder 16 Communication opening 17 Support portion 18 Locking portion 18a, 18a Guide portion 19 Anchor hook 20 Mooring member 20a, 20a Carabiner 21 Shelter 22 Shelter body 23 Outer wall portion 24 Flange portion 25 Bottom portion 26 Opening 27 Support 28 Rotating member 28a Support portion 28b Operating portion 29 Bearing 33 Outer wall portion 34a Hole 34 Bottom body 40 Restriction means 42 Shelter body 43 Outer wall portion 44, 44 Convex portion 45 Groove portion 46 Opening 52 Shelter body 52a Convex portion 53 Outer wall portion 54 Bottom body 130 Upright portion 134 Bottom body 140 Flange portion 230 Upright portion 330 Divided body 331 Bottom portion 332 Upright portion 332 Bottom portion 530 Plate body C Crane CF Crane hook S Living space

Claims

1. A tsunami shelter comprising a shelter body that is sealed at least at the upper part to ensure a living space inside, and an outer wall portion that surrounds the shelter body and at least interferes with the mechanical effects on the shelter body caused by hydraulic forces and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, wherein the outer wall portion is supported by the ground or the like, and the shelter body and the outer wall portion are constructed as separate structures.

2. A tsunami shelter comprising a shelter body that is sealed at least at the upper position to ensure a living space inside, and an outer wall portion that surrounds the shelter body and interferes with at least the mechanical effects on the shelter body caused by hydraulic forces and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, wherein the outer wall portion is supported by the ground or the like, and a passageway is provided that extends upward along the outer wall portion.

3. A tsunami shelter comprising a shelter body that is sealed at least at the upper position to secure a living space inside, and an outer wall portion that surrounds the shelter body and interferes with at least the mechanical effects on the shelter body of hydraulic forces and flowing objects generated by a tsunami, wherein the outer wall portion is supported by the ground or the like, and the floor portion within the living space is supported by the outer wall portion or the ground or the like that supports the outer wall portion.

4. A tsunami shelter comprising a shelter body that is sealed at least at the upper position to ensure a living space inside, and an outer wall portion that surrounds the shelter body and interferes with the mechanical effects on the shelter body of at least the hydraulic forces and flowing objects generated by the tsunami, wherein an opening is formed in the upper part of the outer wall portion that surrounds the shelter body, and the opening is covered by a protective means.

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