Electrically heated reactor

Abstract

Disclosed is an electrically heated reactor. The electrically heated reactor may comprise: a reaction tube in which a passage through which a reactant passes is formed in the longitudinal direction; a porous structure which is disposed inside the reaction tube, is coated or impregnated on the surface with a catalyst, and receives power to generate heat; a power supply configured to supply power to the porous structure; and a pair of power application structures arranged at respective ends of the reaction tube and connecting the power supply and the porous structure such that power from the power supply is supplied to the porous structure.

Description

Electrically heated reactor

[0001] Cross-citation with related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0102065, filed July 31, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] The present invention relates to an electrically heated reactor, and more particularly, to an electrically heated reactor capable of directly heating a catalyst by placing a porous structure coated with a catalyst within a reaction tube and supplying power to the porous structure.

[0004] In the chemical industry, natural gas is used as a fuel to maintain high temperatures in various equipment (e.g., crackers, reformers, reactors, boilers, etc.). However, heating through natural gas combustion is not only inefficient in terms of energy consumption but also a major contributor to carbon emissions. Therefore, efforts are being made to replace natural gas combustion heating with electric heating.

[0005] Typically, direct electric heating methods involve applying current to a high-resistance tubular reactor to heat the reactor itself. However, the catalyst within the reactor is heated by the heat generated by the reactor itself, resulting in poor energy efficiency. Furthermore, the entire reactor must be heated to a high temperature to heat the catalyst within.

[0006] The information contained in this background section is intended to enhance understanding of the background of the invention and may include matters that are not prior art and are already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electrically heated reactor capable of directly heating a catalyst by placing a porous structure coated with a catalyst within a reaction tube and supplying power to the porous structure.

[0008] Another embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electric direct heating reactor capable of controlling reaction activity within a reaction tube section-by-section by controlling the diameter of a porous structure or the size of pores.

[0009] An electric heating reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a reaction tube having a longitudinal passage formed therein through which a reactant passes; a porous structure disposed within the reaction tube, the porous structure having a catalyst coated or supported on the surface thereof and receiving power to generate heat; a power source configured to supply power to the porous structure; and a pair of power supply structures disposed at each end of the reaction tube and connecting the power source and the porous structure so that power from the power source is supplied to the porous structure.

[0010] The power supply structure may include a conductive porous plate provided at an end of the reaction tube and electrically connected to a power source; and a conductive connector electrically connected to the conductive porous plate and in contact with one end of the porous structure within the reaction tube to supply power from the power source to the porous structure.

[0011] The above power application structure may further include an insulator disposed between the conductive porous plate and an end of the reaction tube to electrically insulate the reaction tube from the conductive porous plate.

[0012] The above power application structure may further include an elastic body that electrically and elastically connects the conductive porous plate and the conductive connector by penetrating the insulator.

[0013] The above electric heating reactor is mounted at one end of the reaction tube and may further include a clamper electrically connected to a power source.

[0014] In one aspect, the reaction tube may include a preheating section positioned between the clamper and one power application structure and configured to receive power and generate heat; and a reaction section positioned between a pair of power application structures and having a porous structure disposed therein.

[0015] The above preheating section may be located upstream of the reaction section in the direction of movement of the reactants.

[0016] The above electric heating reactor may further include a cooler configured to cool the connection between the power application structure and the power source, the clamper and the power source, and / or the power application structure and the porous structure.

[0017] In another aspect, the area of ​​the porous structure can be varied at least partially in the longitudinal direction.

[0018] The area of ​​the porous structure at any location can be set according to the amount of heat required at that location in the reaction tube.

[0019] The above porous structure is divided into a plurality of zones, the area of ​​the porous structure in each zone is constant, and the areas of the porous structure in different zones may be different from each other.

[0020] In another aspect, the size or porosity of the pores of the porous structure can be varied at least partially in the longitudinal direction.

[0021] The size or porosity of the pores of the porous structure at any location can be set according to the amount of heat required at that location in the reaction tube.

[0022] The above porous structure is divided into a plurality of zones, and the size or porosity of the pores of the porous structure in each zone is constant, and the size or porosity of the pores of the porous structure in different zones may be different from each other.

[0023] The electrically heated reactor may further include a cooler configured to cool the power application structure and / or the connection between the power application structure and the porous structure.

[0024] According to the present invention, a catalyst-coated porous structure is placed within a reaction tube and power is supplied to the porous structure to directly heat the catalyst. Accordingly, energy efficiency can be improved.

[0025] Additionally, energy consumption can be reduced because only the catalyst is heated without heating the entire reaction tube.

[0026] Furthermore, the catalyst temperature can be controlled section-by-section by adjusting the diameter or pore size of the porous structure. Therefore, the catalyst temperature can be maintained uniformly or adjusted according to the catalyst condition, thereby suppressing the occurrence of hot or cold spots.

[0027] In addition, the effects that can be obtained or expected from embodiments of the present invention will be disclosed directly or implicitly in the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. That is, the various effects expected according to embodiments of the present invention will be disclosed in the detailed description that follows.

[0028] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be better understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements.

[0029] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the power application structure of section “A” of Figure 1.

[0031] Figure 3 is a plan view of a conductive porous plate.

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The drawings referenced above are not necessarily drawn to scale, but should be understood to present rather simplified representations of various preferred features that illustrate the fundamental principles of the present disclosure. For example, specific design features of the present disclosure, including specific dimensions, orientations, positions, and shapes, will be determined in part by the specific intended application and usage environment.

[0037] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will also be understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any one or all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0038] Additionally, it is understood that one or more of the methods or aspects thereof below may be implemented by at least one controller. The term "controller" may refer to a hardware device comprising a memory and a processor. The memory is configured to store program instructions, and the processor is specifically programmed to execute the program instructions to perform one or more processes described in more detail below. The controller may control the operation of units, modules, components, devices, or the like, as described herein. It is also understood that the methods below may be implemented by a device comprising the controller in conjunction with one or more other components, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

[0039] Additionally, the controller of the present disclosure may be implemented as a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium containing executable program instructions executed by a processor. Examples of computer-readable recording media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), compact disc (CD) ROM, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, flash drives, smart cards, and optical data storage devices. The computer-readable recording medium may also be distributed across a computer network so that the program instructions are stored and executed in a distributed manner, such as on a telematics server or a Controller Area Network (CAN).

[0040] According to the present invention, an electric heating reactor comprises a reaction tube having a longitudinal passage formed therein through which a reactant passes, a porous structure disposed within the reaction tube and having a catalyst coated on its surface and generating heat by receiving power, a power source configured to supply power to the porous structure, and a pair of power application structures disposed at each end of the reaction tube and connecting the power source and the porous structure so that power from the power source is supplied to the porous structure. By supplying power to the porous structure through the power application structures so that the porous structure directly generates heat, energy efficiency can be improved when heating a catalyst.

[0041] The electric heating reactor is mounted on one end of the reaction tube and further includes a clamper electrically connected to a power source, and the reaction tube between the clamper and the power application structure mounted on one end of the reaction tube is heated by the power of the power source, thereby preheating a reactant passing through the inside of the reaction tube.

[0042] The porous structure may have a diameter that varies at least partially in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively, the porous structure may have pore sizes that vary at least partially in the longitudinal direction. Accordingly, the temperature of the catalyst can be maintained uniformly or controlled according to the catalyst condition, thereby suppressing the occurrence of hot or cold spots.

[0043]

[0044] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0045] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an electric heating reactor according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a power application structure of part “A” of FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 is a plan view of a conductive porous plate.

[0046] As illustrated in FIG. 1, an electric heating reactor (10) according to a first embodiment of the present invention is configured to receive power to generate heat, heat an internal catalyst using the heat generated, and react a reactant (12) using the heated catalyst. The electric heating reactor (10) includes a reaction tube (20), a porous structure (50), a power source (40), and a pair of power application structures (30).

[0047] The reaction tube (20) has a passage formed longitudinally within it through which the reactant (12) passes. For example, the reaction tube (20) may be formed in an annular pipe shape, and a passage may be formed longitudinally within it. However, the shape of the reaction tube (20) is not limited to an annular pipe shape.

[0048] An inlet (22) is formed at one end of the above reaction tube (20), and a reactant (12) requiring a reaction is introduced into the reaction tube (20) through the inlet (22). An outlet (24) is formed at the other end of the reaction tube (20), and a product (14) that has completed the reaction and / or an unreacted product (12) that has not completed the reaction is discharged from the reaction tube (20) through the outlet (24).

[0049] In one example, the reaction tube (20) may be made of an insulating material to prevent heat inside the reaction tube (20) from radiating to the outside. In this case, the reaction tube (20) may be electrically isolated from the power source (40). That is, an insulator (31) may be placed between a pair of power supply structures (30) electrically connected to the power source (40) and the reaction tube (20), so that the reaction tube (20) may be electrically isolated from the power source (40).

[0050] In another example, the reaction tube (20) is made of an alloy material having at least a portion of high resistivity (e.g., Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr, Fe-Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr-Al, etc.), and the portion can be electrically connected to a power source (40). That is, at least a portion of the reaction tube (20) can be connected to the power source (40) to receive power. In this case, since at least a portion of the reaction tube (20) has a high resistivity, when power is applied to at least a portion of the reaction tube (20), heat is generated in at least a portion of the reaction tube (20), and the heat can be transferred to a reactant (12) in a passage within at least a portion of the reaction tube (20) to preheat the reactant (12).

[0051] The porous structure (50) is placed in the reaction tube and is made of an alloy material having a high resistivity (e.g., Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr, Fe-Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr-Al, etc.). When power is applied to the porous structure (50), heat is generated in the porous structure (50). A catalyst is coated or supported on the surface of the porous structure (50), and the heat generated by the application of power directly heats the catalyst. The reactant (12) that comes into contact with the catalyst sufficiently heated to an activation temperature (e.g., 600°C to 700°C) or higher reacts with the catalyst to form a product (14).

[0052] The porous structure (50) may have various shapes, but generally may have a cylindrical shape corresponding to the reaction tube (20). The porous structure (50) may be manufactured in the shape of a metal foam having a plurality of pores through which gases or fluids may pass, but is not limited thereto. It should be understood that the porous structure (50) may be manufactured in various shapes having a plurality of pores through which the reactant (12) may pass and sufficiently contact the catalyst coated or supported on the surface.

[0053] When the same amount of power is applied, the amount of heat generated in the porous structure (50) is proportional to the heating area of ​​the porous structure (50), and the heating area of ​​the porous structure (50) may be related to the diameter of the porous structure (50) and / or the size of the pores (or porosity). For example, if the diameter of the porous structure (50) is relatively large at an arbitrary position in the length direction, the amount of heat generated by the porous structure (50) at that position may be relatively large, and if the diameter of the porous structure (50) is relatively small at an arbitrary position in the length direction, the amount of heat generated by the porous structure (50) at that position may be relatively small. In addition, if the size of the pores (or porosity) of the porous structure (50) at any position in the length direction is relatively large, the heat generation amount of the porous structure (50) at that position may be relatively small, and if the size of the pores (or porosity) of the porous structure (50) at any position in the length direction is relatively small, the heat generation amount of the porous structure (50) at that position may be relatively large.

[0054] Accordingly, the diameter and / or the size of the pores (or the porosity) of the porous structure (50) in the longitudinal direction can be changed according to the amount of heat required at each location of the porous structure (50) in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the temperature of the catalyst can be controlled according to the diameter and / or the size of the pores (or the porosity) of the porous structure (50) in the longitudinal direction, thereby suppressing the occurrence of hot spots or cold spots.

[0055] The power source (40) is configured to supply power to the porous structure (50). The power source (40) may be an AC power source or a DC power source. The porous structure (50) may receive power from the power source (40) and generate heat directly. Alternatively, the power source (40) may be electrically connected to at least a portion of the reaction tube (20) to supply power to at least a portion of the reaction tube (20), in which case at least a portion of the reaction tube (20) may generate heat and transfer heat to the reactant (12) within the corresponding location.

[0056] A pair of power application structures (30) electrically connects a power source (40) and a porous structure (50). When the power source (40) supplies power to the porous structure (50) through the pair of power application structures (30), the porous structure (50) generates heat to heat a catalyst coated or supported on its surface. A reactant (12) that comes into contact with the catalyst that has been sufficiently heated above an activation temperature (e.g., 600°C to 700°C) reacts with the catalyst to form a product (14). One power application structure (30) is mounted on one end of the reaction tube (20), is electrically connected to the power source (40) through a wire (42), and is also electrically connected to one end of the porous structure (50). In addition, another global power supply structure (30) is mounted on the other end of the reaction tube (20), electrically connected to a power source (40) via a wire (42), and also electrically connected to the other end of the porous structure (50). Accordingly, power from the power source (40) is supplied to the porous structure (50) via a pair of power supply structures (30), and the porous structure (50) generates heat to heat the catalyst coated or supported on its surface.

[0057] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the power application structure (30) may include a conductive porous plate (32), an elastic body (36), and a conductive connector (38).

[0058] A conductive porous plate (32) is provided at the end of the reaction tube (20) and is electrically connected to a power source (40) via a wire (42). As shown in Fig. 3, the conductive porous plate (32) can be formed in a circular shape corresponding to the shape of the reaction tube (20), and a plurality of holes (34) are formed in the conductive porous plate (32) so as not to obstruct the flow of the reactant (12).

[0059] The above power supply structure (30) may further include an insulator (31). The insulator (31) is placed between the conductive porous plate (32) and an end of the reaction tube (20) so that power supplied to the conductive porous plate (32) is not supplied to the reaction tube (20). Therefore, even if power is supplied to the conductive porous plate (32), it is not supplied to the reaction tube (20) due to the insulator (31).

[0060] The conductive connector (38) is electrically connected to the conductive porous plate (32) and is configured to contact one end of the porous structure (50) to supply power to the porous structure (50). The conductive connector (38) may be provided in the form of a metal foam to minimize interfacial resistance at a portion in contact with the porous structure (50), but is not limited thereto. It will be appreciated that the conductive connector (38) may be provided in any form that can transmit power to the porous structure (50) through contact with the porous structure (50).

[0061] The elastic body (36) passes through the insulator (31) to elastically and electrically connect the conductive porous plate (32) and the conductive connector (38). The elastic body (36) can absorb thermal expansion of the porous structure (50) and performs the function of maintaining or strengthening contact between the conductive connector (38) and the porous structure (50). For example, a hole may be formed in the insulator (31) and the elastic body (36) may pass through the hole to connect the conductive porous plate (32) and the conductive connector (38).

[0062] The above electric heating reactor (10) may further include a cooler. The cooler may be configured to cool the connection portion of a pair of power application structures (30) and the wire (42) and / or the porous structure (50).

[0063] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] As illustrated in FIG. 4, the electric heating reactor (10) according to the second embodiment of the present invention is configured to preheat the reactant (12) introduced into the reaction tube (20) before the reactant (12) comes into contact with the catalyst to cause a reaction. For this purpose, the electric heating reactor (10) according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction tube (20), a porous structure (50), a power source (40), a pair of power application structures (30), and a clamp (60).

[0065] A reaction tube (20) has a passage formed longitudinally through which a reactant (12) passes inside it, an inlet (22) is formed at one end, and an outlet (24) is formed at the other end. The reaction tube (20) is provided with a preheating section (28) at one end close to the inlet (22) in the longitudinal direction, and a reaction section (26) is provided from the preheating section (28) to the other end close to the outlet (24).

[0066] The above preheating unit (28) is made of an alloy material having high resistivity (e.g., Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr, Fe-Ni-Cr, Fe-Cr-Al, etc.) and is electrically connected to a power source (40). A clamp (60) is mounted on the preheating unit (28), and the clamp (60) is connected to the power source (40) via a wire (42). When power from the power source (40) is supplied to the preheating unit (28) via the clamp (60), the preheating unit (28) generates heat and can preheat the reactant (12) inside the preheating unit (28). The reaction of the reactant (12) can be promoted by introducing the preheated reactant (12) into the reaction unit (26).

[0067] Between the preheating section (28) and the reaction section (26), a power application structure (30) is arranged, and the reaction section (26) is provided between a pair of power application structures (30). The reaction section (26) is a region where a reaction of a reactant (12) actually occurs, with a porous structure (50) having a catalyst coated or supported therein arranged therein. The porous structure (50) is electrically connected to a power source (40) through a pair of power application structures (30) or through a clamp (60), the preheating section (28) and the pair of power application structures (30) to generate heat by the power of the power source (40), thereby heating the catalyst, and the heated catalyst promotes the reaction of the reactant (12) in contact therewith. According to the second embodiment of the present invention, since the reactant (12) is preheated in the preheating section (28) before being introduced into the reaction section (26), the reaction of the reactant (12) can be further promoted.

[0068] A power source (40) is configured to be electrically connected to a pair of power application structures (30) and / or clamps (60) via wires (42) to supply power to the preheating unit (28) and the porous structure (50). FIG. 4 illustrates, but is not limited to, a case where the power source (40) is connected to one power application structure (30) and a clamp (60) via wires (42). The power source (40) may also be electrically connected to both a pair of power application structures (30) and a clamp (60) via wires (42).

[0069] The above electric heating reactor (10) may further include a cooler. The cooler may be configured to cool the connection portion between the power application structure (30) and the wire (42), the clamper (60) and the wire (42), and / or the power application structure (30) and the porous structure (50).

[0070] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] An electric heating reactor (10) according to the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention includes a reaction tube (20), a porous structure (50), a power source (40), and a pair of power application structures (30). Here, according to the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the porous structure (50) at a specific location of the reaction tube (20) can be set according to the amount of heat required at that location.

[0072] In one example, referring to FIG. 5, the porous structure (50) includes first, second, and third zones (50a, 50b, 50c) along the flow direction of the reactant (12), and the areas of the first, second, and third zones (50a, 50b, 50c) are different from each other. More specifically, the area of ​​the first zone (50a) is the largest, the area of ​​the third zone (50c) is the smallest, and the area of ​​the second zone (50b) may be smaller than the area of ​​the first zone (50a) and larger than the area of ​​the third zone (50c). The porous structure (50) illustrated in FIG. 5 can be used when the amount of heat required in the reaction tube (20) gradually decreases along the flow direction of the reactant (12).

[0073] In another example, referring to FIG. 6, the porous structure (50) includes first, second, and third zones (50a, 50b, 50c) along the flow direction of the reactant (12), and the areas of the first, second, and third zones (50a, 50b, 50c) are different from each other. More specifically, the area of ​​the first zone (50a) is the smallest, the area of ​​the third zone (50c) is the largest, and the area of ​​the second zone (50b) may be larger than the area of ​​the first zone (50a) and smaller than the area of ​​the third zone (50c). The porous structure (50) illustrated in FIG. 6 can be used when the amount of heat required in the reaction tube (20) gradually increases along the flow direction of the reactant (12).

[0074] However, the number and area of ​​the zones of the porous structure (50) are not limited to those illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, and the number and area of ​​the zones of the porous structure (50) can be set according to the amount of heat required at a specific location of the reaction tube (20).

[0075] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electric heating reactor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] An electric heating reactor (10) according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction tube (20), a porous structure (50), a power source (40), and a pair of power application structures (30). Here, according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the size of the pores (or porosity) at a specific location of the reaction tube (20) can be set according to the amount of heat required at that location.

[0077] In one example, referring to FIG. 7, the porous structure (50) includes first and second zones (50a, 50b) along the flow direction of the reactant (12), and the pore sizes (or porosities) of the first and second zones (50a, 50b) are different from each other. More specifically, the pore size (or porosity) of the first zone (50a) may be relatively large, and the pore size (or porosity) of the second zone (50b) may be relatively small. The porous structure (50) illustrated in FIG. 7 can be used when the amount of heat required in the reaction tube (20) gradually increases along the flow direction of the reactant (12).

[0078] However, the number of zones of the porous structure (50) and the size of the pores (or porosity) are not limited to those illustrated in FIG. 7, and the number of zones of the porous structure (50) and the size of the pores (or porosity) can be set according to the amount of heat required at a specific location of the reaction tube (20).

[0079]

[0080] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and includes all changes that can be easily modified and deemed equivalent by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains from the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reaction tube in which a passage through which reactants pass is formed in the longitudinal direction; A porous structure disposed within the above reaction tube, having a catalyst coated or supported on its surface and generating heat by receiving electricity; a power source configured to supply power to the porous structure; and A pair of power supply structures each positioned at each end of the reaction tube and connecting the power supply and the porous structure so that power from the power supply is supplied to the porous structure; An electrically heated reactor comprising:

2. In paragraph 1, The above power-approved structure A conductive porous plate provided at the end of the above reaction tube and electrically connected to a power source; and A conductive connector electrically connected to the conductive porous plate and in contact with one end of the porous structure within the reaction tube to supply power from the power source to the porous structure; An electrically heated reactor comprising:

3. In paragraph 2, An electric heating reactor wherein the power application structure further includes an insulator disposed between the conductive porous plate and an end of the reaction tube to electrically insulate the reaction tube from the conductive porous plate.

4. In paragraph 3, An electric heating reactor wherein the power application structure further includes an elastic body that electrically and elastically connects the conductive porous plate and the conductive connector by penetrating the insulator.

5. In paragraph 1, An electrically heated reactor further comprising a clamper mounted at one end of the reaction tube and electrically connected to a power source.

6. In paragraph 5, The above reaction tube A preheating unit located between the above clamper and one power application structure and configured to receive power and generate heat; and A reactor located between a pair of power application structures, the reactor having a porous structure arranged therein; An electrically heated reactor comprising:

7. In paragraph 6, An electrically heated reactor in which the above preheating section is located upstream of the reaction section in the direction of movement of the reactants.

8. In paragraph 6, An electrically heated reactor further comprising a cooler configured to cool a connection portion of the power application structure and the power source, the clamper and the power source, and / or the power application structure and the porous structure.

9. In paragraph 1, An electrically heated reactor wherein the area of ​​the porous structure is at least partially varied in the longitudinal direction.

10. In paragraph 9, An electrically heated reactor in which the area of ​​the porous structure at any location is set according to the amount of heat required at that location of the reaction tube.

11. In paragraph 9, The above porous structure is divided into multiple zones, An electric heating reactor in which the area of ​​the porous structure in each zone is constant, and the areas of the porous structure in different zones are different from each other.

12. In paragraph 1, An electrically heated reactor in which the size or porosity of the pores of the porous structure is at least partially varied in the longitudinal direction.

13. In paragraph 12, An electrically heated reactor in which the size or porosity of the pores of the porous structure at any location is set according to the amount of heat required at that location of the reaction tube.

14. In paragraph 12, The above porous structure is divided into multiple zones, An electric heating reactor in which the size or porosity of the pores of the porous structure in each zone is constant, and the size or porosity of the pores of the porous structure in different zones are different from each other.

15. In paragraph 1, An electrically heated reactor further comprising a cooler configured to cool a connection portion of the power supply structure and / or the power supply structure and the porous structure.

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