Hollow fiber polymer membranes for fluid separation

Abstract

Provided herein are composite membranes or hollow fiber membranes comprising norbomyl benzocyclobutene moieties, and methods of separating mixtures of fluids using the same.

Description

[0001]Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 HOLLOW FIBER POLYMER MEMBRANES FOR FLUID SEPARATION CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. US 63 / 678,160, filed August 1, 2024, the contents of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT This invention was made with government support under DE-FE0032352 awarded by U.S. Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in the invention. BACKGROUND Norbornyl benzocyclobutene (NBC) polymer membranes have been demonstrated to provide exceptional fluid separation performance through permeation experiments performed on applications, and may also require long term (>150 days) aging in the form of curing before selectivity for fluid separation can be observed. Adapting NBC polymer membranes to different thin film morphologies such as hollow fibers can offer additional advantages in efficiency for fluid separation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In certain aspects, provided herein are composite membranes comprising: a mesoporous membrane support layer comprising a plurality of pores extending through the support layer, said support layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; and optionally, a gutter layer comprising a permeable elastic polymer, said gutter layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; a thin film membrane selective layer comprising a plurality of polymer chains, said selective layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; wherein: the composite membrane is in the form of a hollow fiber; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 when the gutter layer is present, the second side of the support layer is disposed along the first side of the gutter layer, and the second side of the gutter layer is disposed along the first side of the selective layer; when the gutter layer is absent, the second side of the support layer is disposed along the first side of the selective layer; and the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 10 microns. In further aspects, provided herein are methods preparing the composite membranes of the disclosure, optionally wherein said methods comprise: providing a support mixture comprising a support polymer precursor, a first solvent, and a second solvent, the support mixture having a first solvent:second solvent ratio; contacting the support mixture with a substrate, thereby forming a nascent support; degassing the nascent support, the thereby forming a mesoporous support; spinning the mesoporous support into a hollow fiber; washing and cross-linking the hollow fiber; coating the hollow fiber with the selective solution, thereby forming the hollow fiber composite membrane. In certain aspects, provided herein are hollow fiber membranes comprising: a selective layer comprising a plurality of polymer chains, said selective layer having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a thickness; wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula V: (V); wherein: R1and R2are independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, heterocyclic groups, halogen groups, groups including a —O— moiety, groups including a — O(CO)— moiety, groups including a —O(CO)O— moiety, groups including a O(CO)N< moiety, groups including a —S— moiety, groups including a —B< moiety, —NO2, groups including a —N< moiety, groups including a —P< moiety, groups including a — FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 (PO)< moiety, —CHO, groups including a —(CO)— moiety, groups including a — (CO)O— moiety, and groups including a —(CO)N< moiety; X1is selected from —[O]—, —[S]—, —[B(O)Ra]—,—[NRa]—, —[P(O)Ra]—, — [(PO)(O)Ra]—, —[CO]—, —[CRaRb]—, —[C(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and—[Si(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and Raand Rbare independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, and heterocyclic groups; and M is selected from optionally substituted aromatic groups and heterocyclic groups. In yet further aspects, provided herein are methods of separating mixtures of fluids comprising a first fluid and a second fluid, the method comprising: contacting a fluid mixture with a composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane of the present disclosure, thereby separating the mixture of fluids into: a permeate comprising a first portion of the first fluid and a first portion of the second fluid; and a retentate comprising a second portion of the second fluid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.1 shows a diagram of the apparatus used for spinning the substrate, as described in Example 3. FIG.2 shows a diagram of the apparatus used for coating the substrate, as described in Example 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymers have highly rigid and contorted backbone, preventing the efficient packing of polymer chains in the solid state and leading to the formation of angstrom-sized pores in the polymer matrix. By forming the norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymers into membranes, the resulting pores can be leveraged for size-selective molecular separations (WO2021101659A3). The exceptional gas separation performance of norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymer membranes have been demonstrated in permeation experiments ofthick (>5 um) films (Lai et al. Science 2022, 375 (6587), 1390-1392). After aging of the polymerfilms, H2 / CH4selectivity of >600 was demonstrated in pure-gas permeation experiments, surpassing the performance of virtually all solution processable polymeric membranes. Additionally, high-pressure CO2 / CH4 mixed-gas permeation experiments demonstrated FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 selectivity >50. Norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymer membranes also has exceptional separation performance for other industrially relevant gas pairs such as O2 / N2, H2 / N2, and H2 / CO2. While thick polymer films can be excellent for understanding fundamental polymer properties, they are impractical for industrial applications due to their low flux. Transport resistance of membranes is generally proportional to the thickness of the selective layer. The low permeance of thick films means that much larger membrane areas would be required to achieve a certain throughput, greatly increasing membrane capital expenses. For industrial applications, previous work demonstrated that long-term aging (> 150 days) is required for thick films of norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymer membranes to achieve the high selectivity reported. To address both of the above challenges, provided herein is a general method for the fabrication of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes with norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymers as the selective layer. Even without long-term aging of the selective layer, the thin-film composite membranes have gas selectivity exceeding those previously reported for aged thick films. Hollow fiber polymer membranes have several important advantages over “flat-sheet” membranes for gas separations, including, for example, low production cost, high area packing density, high effective surface area, increased mechanical flexibility, mechanical self-support, and relative ease of production at scale. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of about 200-800 microns. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 50-400 microns. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 100 meters or less. Definitions Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in this application shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Generally, nomenclature used in connection with, and techniques of, chemistry described herein, are those well-known and commonly used in the art. The methods and techniques of the present disclosure are generally performed, unless otherwise indicated, according to conventional methods well known in the art and as described in FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 various general and more specific references that are cited and discussed throughout this specification. Chemistry terms used herein, unless otherwise defined herein, are used according to conventional usage in the art, as exemplified by “The McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms”, Parker S., Ed., McGraw-Hill, San Francisco, C.A. (1985). All of the above, and any other publications, patents and published patent applications referred to in this application are specifically incorporated by reference herein. In case of conflict, the present specification, including its specific definitions, will control. As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may occur or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs as well as instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” refers to the alkyl may be substituted as well as where the alkyl is not substituted. It is understood that substituents and substitution patterns on the compounds described herein can be selected by one of ordinary skilled person in the art to result chemically stable compounds which can be readily synthesized by techniques known in the art, as well as those methods set forth below, from readily available starting materials. If a substituent is itself substituted with more than one group, it is understood that these multiple groups may be on the same carbon or on different carbons, so long as a stable structure results. As used herein, the term “optionally substituted” refers to the replacement of one to six hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent including, butnot limited to: hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, halogen, alkyl, nitro, silyl, acyl, acyloxy, aryl,cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, amino, aminoalkyl, cyano, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, -OCO-CH2-O-alkyl, - OP(O)(O-alkyl)2 or –CH2-OP(O)(O-alkyl)2. Preferably, “optionally substituted” refers to the replacement of one to four hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the substituents mentioned above. More preferably, one to three hydrogen radicals are replaced by the substituents as mentioned above. It is understood that the substituent can be further substituted. As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to saturated aliphatic groups, including but not limited to C1-C10straight-chain alkyl groups or C1-C10branched-chain alkyl groups. Preferably, the “alkyl” group refers to C1-C6straight-chain alkyl groups or C1-C6branched-chain alkyl groups. Most preferably, the “alkyl” group refers to C1-C4 straight-chain alkyl groups or C1-C4 FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 branched-chain alkyl groups. Examples of “alkyl” include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1- hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 1-heptyl, 2-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 4-heptyl, 1-octyl, 2-octyl, 3-octyl or 4-octyl and the like. The “alkyl” group may be optionally substituted. The term “acyl” is art-recognized and refers to a group represented by the general formula hydrocarbylC(O)-, preferably alkylC(O)-. The term “acylamino” is art-recognized and refers to an amino group substituted with an acyl group and may be represented, for example, by the formula hydrocarbylC(O)NH-. The term “acyloxy” is art-recognized and refers to a group represented by the general formula hydrocarbylC(O)O-, preferably alkylC(O)O-. The term “alkoxy” refers to an alkyl group having an oxygen attached thereto. Representative alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, tert-butoxy and the like. The term “alkoxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group and may be represented by the general formula alkyl-O-alkyl. The term “alkyl” refers to saturated aliphatic groups, including straight-chain alkyl groups, branched-chain alkyl groups, cycloalkyl (alicyclic) groups, alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups, and cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl groups. In preferred embodiments, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl has 30 or fewer carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C1-30 for straight chains, C3-30 for branched chains), and more preferably 20 or fewer. Moreover, the term “alkyl” as used throughout the specification, examples, and claims is intended to include both unsubstituted and substituted alkyl groups, the latter of which refers to alkyl moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone, including haloalkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl and 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, etc. The term “Cx-y” or “Cx-Cy”, when used in conjunction with a chemical moiety, such as, acyl, acyloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy is meant to include groups that contain from x to y carbons in the chain. C0alkyl indicates a hydrogen where the group is in a terminal position, a bond if internal. A C1-6alkyl group, for example, contains from one to six carbon atoms in the chain. The term “alkylamino”, as used herein, refers to an amino group substituted with at least one alkyl group. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 The term “alkylthio”, as used herein, refers to a thiol group substituted with an alkyl group and may be represented by the general formula alkylS-. The term “amide”, as used herein, refers to a group O R9N R10, wherein R9and R10each independently represent a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group, or R9and R10taken together with the N atom to which they are attached complete a heterocycle having from 4 to 8 atoms in the ring structure. The terms “amine” and “amino” are art-recognized and refer to both unsubstituted and substituted amines and salts thereof, e.g., a moiety that can be represented by , wherein R9, R10, and R10’ each independently represent a hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, or R9and R10taken together with the N atom to which they are attached complete a heterocycle having from 4 to 8 atoms in the ring structure. The term “aminoalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with an amino group. The term “aralkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group. The term “aryl” as used herein includes substituted or unsubstituted single-ring aromatic groups in which each atom of the ring is carbon. Preferably the ring is a 5- to 7-membered ring, more preferably a 6-membered ring. The term “aryl” also includes polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic, e.g., the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and / or heterocyclyls. Aryl groups include benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, phenol, aniline, and the like. The term “carbamate” is art-recognized and refers to a group wherein R9and R10independently represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 The term “carbocyclylalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a carbocycle group. The term “carbocycle” includes 5-7 membered monocyclic and 8-12 membered bicyclic rings. Each ring of a bicyclic carbocycle may be selected from saturated, unsaturated and aromatic rings. Carbocycle includes bicyclic molecules in which one, two or three or more atoms are shared between the two rings. The term “fused carbocycle” refers to a bicyclic carbocycle in which each of the rings shares two adjacent atoms with the other ring. Each ring of a fused carbocycle may be selected from saturated, unsaturated and aromatic rings. In an exemplary embodiment, an aromatic ring, e.g., phenyl, may be fused to a saturated or unsaturated ring, e.g., cyclohexane, cyclopentane, or cyclohexene. Any combination of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic bicyclic rings, as valence permits, is included in the definition of carbocyclic. Exemplary “carbocycles” include cyclopentane, cyclohexane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,5- cyclooctadiene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-3-ene, naphthalene and adamantane. Exemplary fused carbocycles include decalin, naphthalene, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydronaphthalene, bicyclo[4.2.0]octane, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indene and bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene. “Carbocycles” may be substituted at any one or more positions capable of bearing a hydrogen atom. The term “carbocyclylalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a carbocycle group. The term “carbonate” is art-recognized and refers to a group -OCO2-. The term “carboxy”, as used herein, refers to a group represented by the formula -CO2H. The term “cycloalkyl” includes substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic single ring structures, preferably 4- to 8-membered rings, more preferably 4- to 6-membered rings. The term “cycloalkyl” also includes polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings wherein at least one of the rings is cycloalkyl and the substituent (e.g., R100) is attached to the cycloalkyl ring, e.g., the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and / or heterocyclyls. The term “ester”, as used herein, refers to a group -C(O)OR9wherein R9represents a hydrocarbyl group. The term “ether”, as used herein, refers to a hydrocarbyl group linked through an oxygen to another hydrocarbyl group. Accordingly, an ether substituent of a hydrocarbyl group may be FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 hydrocarbyl-O-. Ethers may be either symmetrical or unsymmetrical. Examples of ethers include, but are not limited to, heterocycle-O-heterocycle and aryl-O-heterocycle. Ethers include “alkoxyalkyl” groups, which may be represented by the general formula alkyl-O-alkyl. The terms “halo” and “halogen” as used herein means halogen and includes chloro, fluoro, bromo, and iodo. The terms “hetaralkyl” and “heteroaralkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a hetaryl group. The terms “heteroaryl” and “hetaryl” include substituted or unsubstituted aromatic single ring structures, preferably 5- to 7-membered rings, more preferably 5- to 6-membered rings, whose ring structures include at least one heteroatom, preferably one to four heteroatoms, more preferably one or two heteroatoms. The terms “heteroaryl” and “hetaryl” also include polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings wherein at least one of the rings is heteroaromatic, e.g., the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and / or heterocyclyls. Heteroaryl groups include, for example, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine, and the like. The term “heteroatom” as used herein means an atom of any element other than carbon or hydrogen. Preferred heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The term “heterocyclylalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a heterocycle group. The terms “heterocyclyl”, “heterocycle”, and “heterocyclic” refer to substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic ring structures, preferably 3- to 10-membered rings, more preferably 3- to 7-membered rings, whose ring structures include at least one heteroatom, preferably one to four heteroatoms, more preferably one or two heteroatoms. The terms “heterocyclyl” and “heterocyclic” also include polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings wherein at least one of the rings is heterocyclic, e.g., the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and / or heterocyclyls. Heterocyclyl groups include, for example, piperidine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, lactones, lactams, and the like. The term “hydrocarbyl”, as used herein, refers to a group that is bonded through a carbon atom that does not have a =O or =S substituent, and typically has at least one carbon-hydrogen FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 bond and a primarily carbon backbone, but may optionally include heteroatoms. Thus, groups like methyl, ethoxyethyl, 2-pyridyl, and even trifluoromethyl are considered to be hydrocarbyl for the purposes of this application, but substituents such as acetyl (which has a =O substituent on the linking carbon) and ethoxy (which is linked through oxygen, not carbon) are not. Hydrocarbyl groups include, but are not limited to aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle, heterocycle, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and combinations thereof. The term “hydroxyalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a hydroxy group. The term “lower” when used in conjunction with a chemical moiety, such as, acyl, acyloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy is meant to include groups where there are ten or fewer atoms in the substituent, preferably six or fewer. A “lower alkyl”, for example, refers to an alkyl group that contains ten or fewer carbon atoms, preferably six or fewer. In certain embodiments, acyl, acyloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy substituents defined herein are respectively lower acyl, lower acyloxy, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, or lower alkoxy, whether they appear alone or in combination with other substituents, such as in the recitations hydroxyalkyl and aralkyl (in which case, for example, the atoms within the aryl group are not counted when counting the carbon atoms in the alkyl substituent). The terms “polycyclyl”, “polycycle”, and “polycyclic” refer to two or more rings (e.g., cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and / or heterocyclyls) in which two or more atoms are common to two adjoining rings, e.g., the rings are “fused rings”. Each of the rings of the polycycle can be substituted or unsubstituted. In certain embodiments, each ring of the polycycle contains from 3 to 10 atoms in the ring, preferably from 5 to 7. The term “sulfate” is art-recognized and refers to the group –OSO3H, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The term “sulfonamide” is art-recognized and refers to the group represented by the general formulae , wherein R9and R10independently represent hydrogen or hydrocarbyl. The term “sulfoxide” is art-recognized and refers to the group–S(O)-. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 The term “sulfonate” is art-recognized and refers to the group SO3H, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The term “sulfone” is art-recognized and refers to the group –S(O)2-. The term “substituted” refers to moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons of the backbone. It will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. As used herein, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds. In a broad aspect, the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and non-aromatic substituents of organic compounds. The permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds. For purposes of this disclosure, the heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and / or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms. Substituents can include any substituents described herein, for example, a halogen, a hydroxy, a carbonyl (such as a carboxyl, an alkoxycarbonyl, a formyl, or an acyl), a thiocarbonyl (such as a thioester, a thioacetate, or a thioformate), an alkoxy, a phosphoryl, a phosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, an amino, an amido, an amidine, an imine, a cyano, a nitro, an azido, a sulfhydryl, an alkylthio, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a sulfamoyl, a sulfonamido, a sulfonyl, a heterocyclyl, an aralkyl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the moieties substituted on the hydrocarbon chain can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. The term “thioalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a thiol group. The term “thioester”, as used herein, refers to a group -C(O)SR9or –SC(O)R9wherein R9represents a hydrocarbyl. The term “thioether”, as used herein, is equivalent to an ether, wherein the oxygen is replaced with a sulfur. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 The term “urea” is art-recognized and may be represented by the general formula ,wherein R9and R10independently represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl. Some of the compounds useful in the methods and compositions of this disclosure have at least one stereogenic center in their structure. This stereogenic center may be present in a R or a S configuration, said R and S notation is used in correspondence with the rules described in Pure Appl. Chem. (1976), 45, 11-30. The disclosure contemplates all stereoisomeric forms such as enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric forms of the compounds, salts, prodrugs or mixtures thereof (including all possible mixtures of stereoisomers). See, e.g., WO 01 / 062726. Furthermore, certain compounds which contain alkenyl groups may exist as Z (zusammen) or E (entgegen) isomers. In each instance, the disclosure includes both mixture and separate individual isomers. Some of the compounds may also exist in tautomeric forms. Such forms, although not explicitly indicated in the formulae described herein, are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. The term “Log of solubility”, “LogS” or “logS” as used herein is used in the art to quantify the aqueous solubility of a compound. The aqueous solubility of a compound significantly affects its absorption and distribution characteristics. A low solubility often goes along with a poor absorption. LogS value is a unit stripped logarithm (base 10) of the solubility measured in mol / liter. The term “weight average molecular weight,” also abbreviated in some instances as MW, as used herein refers to the sum of the molecular weights of each polymer chain in a mixture of polymer chains, divided by the total number of chains in the mixture. The term “glass transition temperature” or “TG” as used herein refers to the temperature or range of temperatures at which a polymer or mixture of polymers undergoes a phase transition from a “glassy” or amorphous solid state to a viscous liquid or semi-liquid state. In some embodiments, this transition may also be characterized by a decrease in the brittle nature of the glassy material. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 The term “decomposition temperature” as used herein refers to the temperature at which a substance, e.g., a polymer of the disclosure, begins to decompose or undergo a chemical change to the composition of the substance. The terms "statistical mixture" and "statistical copolymer" refer to copolymers in which the sequential distribution of the monomeric units obeys known statistical laws, e.g., the monomer sequence distribution may follow Markovian statistics of zeroth (Bernoullian), first, second, or higher order. The elementary processes leading to the formation of a statistical sequence of monomeric units do not necessarily proceed with equal a priori probability. These processes may, in some embodiments, lead to various types of sequence distribution comprising those in which the arrangement of monomeric units tends toward alternation, tends toward clustering of like units, or exhibits no ordering tendency at all. These terms may be used interchangeably herein. As used herein, the term “Monomer” may refer to a sub-unit which is either present in a precursor form (e.g., a dihalide-substituted precursor) or is incorporated into a polymer’s structure (e.g., units of Formula I may be referred to as monomers). The term “dispersity,” (abbreviated Ð) is art-recognized, and is used herein is a measure of the distribution of sizes (e.g., molecular weight, chain length) in a mixture of polymers. This quantity can also be referred to as the polydispersity index, or PDI. As used herein, the term “curing” or “cured” refer to a material that has undergone a process that results in the material taking on a form, shape, configuration, or structure that cannot be reprocessed, molded, or extruded into a different one. Such processing involves exposing said materials to certain conditions (e.g., heat, oxygen, chemical initiators) to initiate the curing process. Materials that have not been cured, or for which curing is not required, refer to materials that have not been aged for a period of time, or that have not been subjected to the conditions required to initiate and / or maintain a curing process, or for which a curing process is not complete. As used herein, the term “fluid” refers to gases, liquids, supercritical fluids, and combinations thereof. As used herein, the term “permeate” refers to fluid that has come into contact with a composite membrane of the disclosure, but has not been removed by, or adsorbed / absorbed to, FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 said composite membrane. “Permeate” often refers to a fluid or mixture of fluids from which some or all of any impurities or undesired fluids have been removed. As used herein, the term “retentate” refers to fluid (generally an impurity fluid) that has been removed by, and / or adsorbed / absorbed to, a composite membrane of the disclosure, and thereby separated from the permeate. The term “hollow fiber,” as used herein, refers to a fiber that is substantially hollow, enclosing an inner volume. The term “fiber” is also contemplated to encompass fibers, filaments, strands, fibrils, cords, and other common terms for objects that are substantially longer than they are wide. As used herein, the term “outer diameter” refers to the diameter of a circular cross- section of the hollow fiber, wherein the edge of the circular cross-section coincides with the outermost surface of the hollow fiber. As used herein, the term “fiber length” as used herein refers to the total length of a fiber, e.g., the hollow fibers of the disclosure. Composite Membranes In certain aspects, provided herein are composite membranes comprising: a mesoporous membrane support layer comprising a plurality of pores extending through the support layer, said support layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; and optionally, a gutter layer comprising a permeable elastic polymer, said gutter layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; a thin film membrane selective layer comprising a plurality of polymer chains, said selective layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; wherein: the composite membrane is in the form of a hollow fiber; when the gutter layer is present, the second side of the support layer is disposed along the first side of the gutter layer, and the second side of the gutter layer is disposed along the first side of the selective layer; when the gutter layer is absent, the second side of the support layer is disposed along the first side of the selective layer; and the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 10 microns. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is from about 0.1 to about 10 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is from about 0.1 to about 5 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is from about 0.5 to about 1.5 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.1 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.2 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.3 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.4 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.5 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.6 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.7 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.8 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 0.9 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 1 micron. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 2 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 3 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 4 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 5 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 6 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 7 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 8 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is about 9 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 10 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 9 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 8 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 7 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 6 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 5 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 4 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 3 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 2 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 1 micron. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 0.9 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 0.8 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 0.7 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 0.6 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 0.5 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 0.4 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 0.3 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 0.2 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the selective layer is selected from about 0.50 microns, 0.75 microns, about 1.0 micron, 1.25 microns, about 1.5 microns, about 1.75 microns, about 2 microns, about 2.25 microns, about 2.5 microns, about 2.75 microns, and about 3 microns; preferably wherein the thickness of the selective layer is about 1 micron. Membrane pore size may be determined using any suitable method known in the art, for example, scanning electron microscopy. In certain embodiments, the plurality of pores extending through the support layer have a pore size from about 2 nm to about 50 nm. In further embodiments, the plurality of pores extending through the support layer have an average pore size of about 2 nm. In yet further embodiments, the plurality of pores extending through the support layer have an average pore size of about 5 nm. In still further embodiments, the plurality of pores extending through the support layer have an average pore size of about 10 nm. In certain embodiments, the plurality of pores extending through the support layer have an average pore size of about 20 nm. In further embodiments, the plurality of pores extending through the support layer have an average pore size of about 30 nm. In yet further embodiments, the plurality of pores extending through the support layer have an average pore size of about 40 nm. In still further embodiments, the plurality of pores extending through the support layer have an average pore size of about 50 nm. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is from about 15 microns to about 200 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 15 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 30 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 45 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 60 microns. In further embodiments, the FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 thickness of the support layer is about 75 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 90 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 105 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 120 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 135 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 150 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is about 200 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the support layer is selected from about 15 microns, about 30 microns, about 45 microns, about 60 microns, about 75 microns, about 90 microns, about 105 microns, about 120 microns, about 135 microns, about 150 microns, about 165 microns, about 180 microns, and about 200 microns; preferably wherein the thickness of the support layer is between about 50 and about 60 microns. The support layer can be fabricated from one or more suitable polymers known in the art. In certain embodiments, the support layer comprises a polymer selected from polyethylenimine, polyether ether ketone, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyvinylfluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(acrylonitrile), polysulfone, cellulose acetate, poly ether sulfone, and polyimide. In further embodiments, the support layer comprises a plurality of cross-linked polymers. The selective layer may comprise one or more suitable polymers known in the art. In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains comprises norbornyl arylcyclobutene polymers. Suitable polymers are disclosed in, e.g., International Application No. PCT / US2023 / 034879, filed October 11, 2023, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains is a plurality of polymer chains comprising at least one unit of Formula I, wherein Formula I consists of a subunit of Formula I’ and a subunit of Formula I’’: wherein: each R1represents a connection point to the polymer; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 each of the two R1groups on the subunit of Formula I’ is on an adjacent carbon to another R1group; each R2represents a connection point between the subunit of Formula I’ and a carbon marked with an * on the subunit of Formula I’’; each of the two R2groups is on an adjacent carbon to another R2group; X is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRA, O, S, CRBRC, S=O, and C=O; when present, Y is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRA, O, S, CRBRC, and C=O; wherein, when Y is present, at least one of X and Y is CRBRCor C=O; RAis, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl; RBand RCare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, OH, SH, halo, amine, alkyl, –(H)C=O, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl; or RBand RC, together with the atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, or heterocycloalkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more RG, wherein RGis selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy; n is 0 or 1; and represents an optional bond. In further embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains comprises polymers comprising a plurality of repeat units of Formula I. In further embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Ia: (Ia). In yet further embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains further comprises polymers further comprising another co-monomer. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 Additional suitable polymers are disclosed in US Patent 9,708,443, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains is a plurality of polymer chains comprising at least one unit of Formula II: (II); wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4are, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, halo, a group comprising O, a group comprising O(CO), a group comprising O(CO)O, a group comprising O(CO)N, a group comprising S, a group comprising B, a group comprising NO2, a group comprising N, a group comprising P, a group comprising (PO), a group comprising CHO, a group comprising (CO), a group comprising (CO)O, a group comprising (CO)N, and a group comprising Si; and wherein X1and X2are independently selected from –O–, –S–, –B(O)Ra–, –NRa–, –P(O)Ra–, – (PO)(O)Ra–, –CO–, –C(O)Ra(O)Rb–, and –Si(O)Ra(O)Rb–, and Raand Rbare independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, and heterocyclyl. Further suitable polymers are disclosed in US Patent Publication No. 2022 / 0023804, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains is a plurality of polymer chains comprising at least one unit of Formula III: ; wherein: Ar is, independently at each occurrence, selected from optionally substituted aryl; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 X is selected from –O–, –S–, –B(O)Ra–, –NRa–, –P(O)Ra–, –(PO)(O)Ra–, –CO–, –CRaRb–, – C(O)Ra(O)Rb–, and –Si(O)Ra(O)Rb–; Raand Rbare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, aryl, and heterocyclyl; R1 and R2 are, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, linear or branched optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, halo, CHO, a group comprising O, a group comprising O(CO), a group comprising O(CO)O, a group comprising O(CO)N, a group comprising S, a group comprising B, a group comprising NO2, a group comprising N, a group comprising P, a group comprising (PO), a group comprising (CO), a group comprising (CO)O, a group comprising (CO)N, and a group comprising Si; and n is an integer greater than 1. Yet further suitable polymers can be found in International Patent Publication No. WO 2021 / 101659, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains is a plurality of polymer chains comprising at least one unit of Formula IV, wherein Formula IV consists of a subunit of Formula IV’ and a subunit of Formula IV’’: wherein: two adjacent * of IV’ are bonds to two * of IV’’, and the two remaining * of IV’ are R3and R4; X is selected from alkylene, –O–, –S–, a group comprising nitrogen, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; Y1and Y2are, independently at each occurrence, selected from alkyl; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6are independently selected from a group comprising O, a group comprising O(CO), a group comprising O(CO)O, a group comprising O(CO)N, a group comprising S, a group comprising B, a group comprising NO2, a group comprising N, a group comprising P, a group comprising (PO), a group comprising CHO, a group comprising (CO), a group comprising (CO)O, a group comprising (CO)N, and a group comprising Si; and X1is selected from –O–, –S–, –B(O)Ra–, –NRa–, –P(O)Ra–, –(PO)(O)Ra–, –CO–, –CRaRb–, –C(O)Ra(O)Rb–, and –Si(O)Ra(O)Rb–; and Raand Rbare independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, and heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6are, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, halo, –ORa, –O(CO)Ra, –O(CO)ORa, —O(CO)NRaRb, –SRa, –B(O)Ra(O)Rb, –NO2, –NRaRb, –P(O)Ra(O)Rb, –PO(O)Ra(O)Rb, –CHO, –(CO)Ra, –(CO)ORa, –(CO)NRaRb, and – Si(O)Ra(O)Rb(O)Rc; wherein Ra, Rb, and Rcare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, and optionally substituted heterocyclyl. Still further suitable polymers can be found in Lai, H. "Synthesis of norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymers and the transport of gases therein", Dissertation, Stanford University, August 2020 (Public Access embargoed until August 2022), which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the composite membranes comprise a plurality of polymer chains, which comprise at least one unit of Formula Ib: (Ib); wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; A is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, S=O, and C=O; when present, B is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, and C=O; wherein, when B is present, at least one of A and B is CRERFor C=O; RDis, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, –O–alkyl, or haloalkyl; REand RFare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, OH, SH, halo, amine, alkyl, – (H)C=O, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl; or REand RF, together with the atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, or heterocycloalkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more RH, wherein RHis selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy; n is 0 or 1; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; represents an optional bond; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: ; wherein each * represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Ib; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, In further embodiments, the composite membranes comprise a plurality of polymer chains, which comprise at least one unit of Formula Ib: wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; A is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, S=O, and C=O; when present, B is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, and C=O; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 wherein, when B is present, at least one of A and B is CRERFor C=O; RDis, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, –O–alkyl, or haloalkyl; REand RFare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, OH, SH, halo, amine, alkyl, – (H)C=O, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl; or REand RF, together with the atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, or heterocycloalkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more RH, wherein RHis selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy; optionally wherein REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a group , n is 0 or 1; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; represents an optional bond; C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: ; wherein each * represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Ib; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, In certain embodiments, the REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form . In further embodiments, the REand RF, together with the atoms to which FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 they are attached, form . In yet further embodiments, the REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form . In still further embodiments, the REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form . In certain embodiments, the REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form . In certain embodiments, the at least one unit of Formula Ib is a unit of Formula Ic: FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In further embodiments, the at least one unit of Formula Ic is: . In yet further embodiments, the at least one unit of formula Ic is: . FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In still further embodiments, the at least one unit of formula Ic is: . In certain embodiments, the at least one unit of formula Ic is: . FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In further embodiments, the at least one unit of formula Ic is: . In yet further embodiments, the at least one unit of formula Ic is: . FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the composite membranes comprise a plurality of polymer chains comprising at least one unit of Formula V: wherein: R1and R2are independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, heterocyclic groups, halogen groups, groups including a —O— moiety, groups including a — O(CO)— moiety, groups including a —O(CO)O— moiety, groups including a O(CO)N< moiety, groups including a —S— moiety, groups including a —B< moiety, —NO2, groups including a —N< moiety, groups including a —P< moiety, groups including a — (PO)< moiety, —CHO, groups including a —(CO)— moiety, groups including a — (CO)O— moiety, and groups including a —(CO)N< moiety; wherein X1and X2are independently selected from —[O]—, —[S]—, —[B(O)Ra]—, —[NRa]— , —[P(O)Ra]—, —[(PO)(O)Ra]—, —[CO]—, —[CRaRb]—, —[C(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and — [Si(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and Raand Rbare independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, and heterocyclic groups; and wherein M is selected from aromatic groups and heterocyclic groups. In further embodiments, the composite membranes comprise a plurality of polymer chains comprising at least one unit of Formula Va: (Va); wherein: FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Va; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, In further embodiments, the composite membranes comprise a plurality of polymer chains, which comprise at least one unit of Formula Vb: FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In yet further embodiments, the composite membranes comprise a plurality of polymer chains, which comprise at least one unit selected from: , . Suitable methods of preparing polymers having a structure according to any one of Formulae V-Vb, as described above, may be found in, .e.g., Abdulhamid, et al. Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, 1767-1774; the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. In certain embodiments, the gutter layer is present. In further embodiments, the gutter layer comprises polysiloxane. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is from 0.01 microns to about 10 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 0.01 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 0.1 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 1 micron. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 2 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 3 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 4 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 5 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 6 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 7 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 8 microns. In further FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 9 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the gutter layer is about 10 microns. In still further embodiments, the gutter layer is absent. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of from about 200 microns to about 800 microns. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of about 200 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of about 300 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of about 400 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of about 500 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of about 600 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of about 700 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of about 800 microns. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter from about 50 microns to about 400 microns, provided the inner diameter is less than the outer diameter. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 50 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 100 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 150 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 200 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 250 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 300 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 350 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 400 microns. Provided the inner diameter is less than the outer diameter. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 100 meters or less. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 90 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 80 meters or less. In still embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 70 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 60 meters or less. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 50 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 40 meters or less. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 30 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 fiber length of about 20 meters or less. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 10 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 5 meters or less. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 1 meter or less. In certain embodiments, the composite membranes disclosed herein further comprise: a sealing layer comprising a permeable elastic polymer, said sealing layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; wherein the second side of the selective layer is disposed along the first side of the sealing layer. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is from 0.01 microns to about 10 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 0.01 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 0.1 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 1 micron. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 2 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 3 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 4 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 5 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 6 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 7 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 8 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 9 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 10 microns. In further embodiments, the sealing layer comprises polysiloxane. In certain embodiments, the composite membranes disclosed herein further comprise: a non-woven layer comprising a polymeric material, said non-woven layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; wherein the second side of the non-woven layer is disposed along the first side of the support layer; and the polymeric material is a polyolefin or polyester. In certain embodiments, the non-woven layer comprises at least one polyester; preferably wherein the polyester is PET. In further embodiments, the non-woven layer comprises at least one polyolefin. In yet further embodiments, the at least one polyolefin is selected from polyethylene, and polypropylene, or combinations thereof. In still further embodiments, the at least one polyolefin is a combination of polypropylene and polyethylene. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the thickness of the non-woven layer is from about 50 microns to about 300 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the non-woven layer is about 50 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the non-woven layer is about 100 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the non-woven layer is about 150 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the non-woven layer is about 200 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the non-woven layer is about 250 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the non-woven layer is about 300 microns. Hollow Fiber Membranes In certain aspects, provided herein are hollow fiber membranes comprising: a selective layer comprising a plurality of polymer chains, said selective layer having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a thickness; wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula V: (V); wherein: R1and R2are independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, heterocyclic groups, halogen groups, groups including a —O— moiety, groups including a — O(CO)— moiety, groups including a —O(CO)O— moiety, groups including a O(CO)N< moiety, groups including a —S— moiety, groups including a —B< moiety, —NO2, groups including a —N< moiety, groups including a —P< moiety, groups including a — (PO)< moiety, —CHO, groups including a —(CO)— moiety, groups including a — (CO)O— moiety, and groups including a —(CO)N< moiety; X1is selected from —[O]—, —[S]—, —[B(O)Ra]—,—[NRa]—, —[P(O)Ra]—, — [(PO)(O)Ra]—, —[CO]—, —[CRaRb]—, —[C(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and—[Si(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and Raand Rbare independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, and heterocyclic groups; and FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 M is selected from optionally substituted aromatic groups and heterocyclic groups. In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Va: (Va); wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Va; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Vb: wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; and each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Ib: (Ib); wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 A is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, S=O, and C=O; when present, B is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, and C=O; wherein, when B is present, at least one of A and B is CRERFor C=O; RDis, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, –O–alkyl, or haloalkyl; REand RFare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, OH, SH, halo, amine, alkyl, – C(=O)H, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl or REand RF, together with the atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more RH, wherein RHis selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy; optionally wherein REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a group selected from n is 0 or 1; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; represents an optional bond; C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: ; wherein each *represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Ib; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Ic: FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 wherein: A is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, S=O, and C=O; each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; RDis, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, –O–alkyl, or haloalkyl; REand RFare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, OH, SH, halo, amine, alkyl, – C(=O)H, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl or REand RF, together with the atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more RH, wherein RHis selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy; optionally wherein REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a group selected from each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Id: wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; and each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane further comprises: a sealing layer comprising a permeable elastic polymer; wherein sealing layer is disposed along the outer surface of the selective layer. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is from 0.01 microns to about 10 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 0.01 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 0.1 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 1 micron. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 2 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 3 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 4 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 5 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 6 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 7 microns. In yet further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 8 microns. In still further embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 9 microns. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the sealing layer is about 10 microns. In certain embodiments, the sealing layer comprises a norbornyl FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 benzocyclobutene polymer, a polysiloxane, a fluorinated polymer, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane consists essentially of the selective layer. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an outer diameter of from about 200 microns to about 800 microns. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an outer diameter of about 200 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an outer diameter of about 300 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an outer diameter of about 400 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an outer diameter of about 500 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an outer diameter of about 600 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an outer diameter of about 700 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an outer diameter of about 800 microns. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter from about 50 microns to about 400 microns, provided the inner diameter is less than the outer diameter. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of about 50 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of about 100 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of about 150 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of about 200 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of about 250 microns. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of about 300 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of about 350 microns. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of about 400 microns. Provided the inner diameter is less than the outer diameter. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 100 meters or less. In further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 90 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 80 meters or less. In still embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 70 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 60 meters or less. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 50 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 40 meters or less. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 membrane has a fiber length of about 30 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 20 meters or less. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 10 meters or less. In yet further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 5 meters or less. In still further embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane has a fiber length of about 1 meter or less. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane is selective for separating CH4from He. In certain embodiments, the hollow fiber membrane is selective for separating H2from N2. Gas Permeance The composite membranes or hollow fiber membrane of the present disclosure exhibit gas permeance values for particular gases which may be expressed in the unit GPU, which isdefined as: 1 GPU = 10 cm3(STP) / (cm2 s cm Hg). In certain embodiments, the compositemembrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) from about 1 to about 2000 GPU. In some embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) from about 0.1 GPU to about 5 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) from about 6 GPU to about 10 GPU. In some embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) from about 11 GPU to about 75 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) from about 76 GPU to about 200 GPU. In some embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) from about 201 GPU to about 600 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) greater than about 200 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 1 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 250 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 500 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane h or hollow fiber membrane as a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 750 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 1000 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 1250 GPU. In FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 1500 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 1750 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for He (PHe) of about 2000 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) from about 0.1 to about 100 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) from about 0.1 GPU to about 5 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) from about 6 GPU to about 10 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) from about 11 GPU to about 75 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) from about 76 GPU to about 200 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) from about 201 GPU to about 600 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) greater than about 200 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) of about 0.1 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) of about 1 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) of about 10 GPU. In some embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) of about 5 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) of about 20 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) of about 30 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) of about 40 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) of about 50 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) of about 60 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) of about 70 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4(PCH4) of about 80 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 (PCH4) of about 90 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for CH4 (PCH4) of about 100 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2 (PH2) from about 1 to about 2000 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for H2(PH2) from about 0.1 GPU to about 5 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for H2(PH2) from about 6 GPU to about 10 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for H2(PH2) from about 11 GPU to about 75 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for H2(PH2) from about 76 GPU to about 200 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for H2 (PH2) from about 201 GPU to about 600 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for H2 (PH2) greater than about 200 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2 (PH2) of about 1 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2(PH2) of about 250 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2(PH2) of about 500 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2 (PH2) of about 750 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2 (PH2) of about 1000 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2 (PH2) of about 1250 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2(PH2) of about 1500 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2(PH2) of about 1750 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for H2 (PH2) of about 2000 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) from about 0.1 to about 100 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) from about 0.1 GPU to about 5 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) from about 6 GPU to about 10 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) from about 11 GPU to about 75 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) from about 76 GPU to about 200 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 from about 201 GPU to about 600 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) greater than about 200 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) of about 0.1 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) of about 1 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) of about 10 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) of about 20 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) of about 30 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) of about 40 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) of about 50 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) of about 60 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2(PN2) of about 70 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) of about 80 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) of about 90 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for N2 (PN2) of about 100 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2(PO2) from about 2 to about 500 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for O2(PO2) from about 0.1 GPU to about 5 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) from about 6 GPU to about 10 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) from about 11 GPU to about 75 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) from about 76 GPU to about 200 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) from about 201 GPU to about 600 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for O2(PO2) greater than about 200 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2(PO2) of about 2 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) of about 50 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) of about 100 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) of about 250 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) of about 300 GPU. In yet further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2(PO2) of about 350 GPU. In still further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2(PO2) of about 400 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2(PO2) of about 450 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for O2 (PO2) of about 500 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for C2F2H2 (1,1-difluoroethene, refrigerant R1132a, PC2F2H2) from about 0.01 to about 1 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2F2H2(PC2F2H2) from about 0.1 GPU to about 5 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2F2H2(PC2F2H2) from about 6 GPU to about 10 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2F2H2 (PC2F2H2) from about 11 GPU to about 75 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2F2H2 (PC2F2H2) from about 76 GPU to about 200 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2F2H2 (PC2F2H2) from about 201 GPU to about 600 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2F2H2(PC2F2H2) greater than about 200 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas permeance for C2H2F4(R134a, halocarbon 134a, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, PC2H2F4) from about 0.001 GPU to about 0.1 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2H2F4 (PC2H2F4) from about 0.1 GPU to about 5 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2H2F4 (PC2H2F4) from about 6 GPU to about 10 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2H2F4 (PC2H2F4) from about 11 GPU to about 75 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2H2F4(PC2H2F4) from about 76 GPU to about 200 GPU. In some embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2H2F4(PC2H2F4) from about 201 GPU to about 600 GPU. In certain embodiments, the membrane has a gas permeance for C2H2F4(PC2H2F4) greater than about 200 GPU. In further embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane has a gas FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 permeance for C2H2F4 (PC2H2F4) of about 0.001 GPU, about 0.01 GPU, or about 0.1 GPU. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane is selective for separating CH4 from He. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 100 to about 600. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 0 to about 50. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 51 to about 150. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 151 to about 300. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 301 to about 450. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 451 to about 3500. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is greater than about 450. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 0 to about 10. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 11 to about 50. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 51 to about 150. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is greater than about 150. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 150 to about 3500. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 100 to about 500. In further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 100 to about 400. In yet further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is from about 200 to about 300. In still further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PHe / PCH4) is selected from about 200, about 225, about 250, about 275, about 300, about 325, about 350, about 375, about 400, about 425, about 450, about 475, and about 500. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane is selective for separating H2from N2. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 0 to about 50. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 51 to FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 about 150. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 151 to about 300. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 301 to about 450. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 451 to about 3500. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is greater than about 450. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 0 to about 10. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 11 to about 50. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 51 to about 150. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is greater than about 150. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 150 to about 3500. In further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 100 to about 300. In yet further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is from about 150 to about 200. In still further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PH2 / PN2) is selected from about 150, about 175, about 200, about 225, about 250, about 275, and about 300. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane is selective for separating CO2from C2F2H2(1,1-difluoroethene, refrigerant R1132a). In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 0 to about 50. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 51 to about 150. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 151 to about 300. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 301 to about 450. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 451 to about 3500. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is greater than about 450. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 0 to about 10. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 11 to about 50. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 51 to about 150. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is greater than about 150. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 150 to about 3500. In further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 75 to about 200. In yet further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is from about 100 to about 150. In still further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2F2H2) is selected from about 100, about 110, about 120, about 130, about 140, and about 150. In certain embodiments, the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane is selective for separating CO2from C2H2F4or hollow fiber membrane (R134a, halocarbon 134a, 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane). In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 0 to about 50. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 51 to about 150. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 151 to about 300. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 301 to about 450. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 451 to about 3500. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is greater than about 450. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 0 to about 10. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 11 to about 50. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 51 to about 150. In certain embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is greater than about 150. In some embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 150 to about 3500. In further embodiments, the selectivity of the FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 500 to about 1500. In yet further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is from about 900 to about 1300. In still further embodiments, the selectivity of the composite membrane or hollow fiber membrane (PCO2 / PC2H2F4) is selected from about 900, about 950, about 975, about 1000, about 1025, about 1050, about 1075, about 1100, about 1150, about 1200, about 1250, and about 1300. The composite membranes or hollow fiber membranes of the present disclosure represent an improvement over what had previously been demonstrated, at least because they exhibit selectivity for gas separation without the need for long-term curing. In certain embodiments, the composite material or hollow fiber membrane exhibits said selectivity without being cured for more than about 100 days. In further embodiments, the composite material or hollow fiber membrane exhibits said selectivity without being cured for more than about 7 days. In yet further embodiments, the composite material or hollow fiber membrane exhibits said selectivity without being cured. Methods of Making Membranes In certain aspects, provided herein are methods of preparing a composite membrane of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, the method comprises: providing a mesoporous support in the form of a hollow fiber; and coating the hollow fiber with the selective solution, thereby forming the hollow fiber composite membrane. In further aspects, provided herein are methods of preparing a composite membrane of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, the method comprises: providing a support mixture comprising a support polymer precursor, a first solvent, and a second solvent, the support mixture having a first solvent:second solvent ratio; contacting the support mixture with a substrate, thereby forming a nascent support; degassing the nascent support, the thereby forming a mesoporous support; spinning the mesoporous support into a hollow fiber; washing and cross-linking the hollow fiber; coating the hollow fiber with the selective solution, thereby forming the hollow fiber composite membrane. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain aspects, provided herein are methods of preparing a hollow fiber membrane of the present disclosure. Methods of Separating Fluids In yet further aspects, provided herein are methods for separating a mixture of fluids comprising a first fluid and a second fluid, the methods comprising: contacting a fluid mixture with a composite membrane or a hollow fiber membrane of the present disclosure, thereby separating the mixture of fluids into: a permeate comprising a first portion of the first fluid and a first portion of the second fluid; and a retentate comprising a second portion of the second fluid. As will be appreciated, the efficiency and selectivity of such separations will be affected by any number of process parameters, including the initial composition of the mixture of fluids, pressures, temperatures, etc. Additionally, as will be apparent to one of skill in the art, when describing percentages that are greater than or less than (or higher or lower than) other percentages, this describes an additive or subtractive change in the total percentage. For instance, for a mixture of fluids comprising 50% of the first fluid and 50% of the second fluid, where the percentage of the first fluid is said to increase by 5%, this would result in a mixture comprising 55% first fluid. In certain embodiments, the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than the volume percent of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids by about 1% to about 99%. In further embodiments, the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than the volume percent of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids by at least about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99%. In yet further embodiments, the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than the volume percent of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids by at most about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99%. In yet further embodiments, the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than the volume percent of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids by about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99%. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is lower than the volume percent of the second fluid in the mixture of fluids by about 1% to about 99%. In further embodiments, the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is lower than the volume percent of the second fluid in the mixture of fluids by at least about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99%. In yet further embodiments, the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is lower than the volume percent of the second fluid in the mixture of fluids by at most about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99%. In still further embodiments, the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is lower than the volume percent of the second fluid in the mixture of fluids by about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99%. In certain embodiments, the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is from about 99% to about 1%. In further embodiments, the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is greater than about 99%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, about 2.5%, and about 1%; preferably wherein volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is greater than about 95%. In yet further embodiments, the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is less than about 99%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, about 2.5%, and about 1%; preferably wherein volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is less than about 95%. In still further embodiments, the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is about 99%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, about 2.5%, and about 1%; preferably wherein volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is about 95%. In certain embodiments, the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is from about 99% to about 1%. In further embodiments, the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is less than about 99%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, about 2.5%, and about 1%; preferably wherein volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is less than about 5%. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In yet further embodiments, the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is greater than about 99%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, about 2.5%, and about 1%; preferably wherein volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is greater than about 5%. In still further embodiments, the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is about 99%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, about 2.5%, and about 1%; preferably wherein volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is about 5%. In certain embodiments, the volume of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than about 10% to about 99% by volume of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids. In further embodiments, the volume of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than about 10% by volume, about 20% by volume, about 30% by volume, about 40% by volume, about 50% by volume, about 60% by volume, about 70% by volume, about 80% by volume, about 90% by volume, about 95% by volume, about 98% by volume, or about 99% by volume of the volume of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids; preferably wherein the volume of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than about 80% of the volume of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids. In yet further embodiments, the volume of the first fluid in the permeate is lower than about 10% by volume, about 20% by volume, about 30% by volume, about 40% by volume, about 50% by volume, about 60% by volume, about 70% by volume, about 80% by volume, about 90% by volume, about 95% by volume, about 98% by volume, or about 99% by volume of the volume of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids; preferably wherein the volume of the first fluid in the permeate is lower than about 80% of the volume of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids. In still further embodiments, the volume of the first fluid in the permeate is about 10% by volume, about 20% by volume, about 30% by volume, about 40% by volume, about 50% by volume, about 60% by volume, about 70% by volume, about 80% by volume, about 90% by volume, about 95% by volume, about 98% by volume, or about 99% by volume of the volume of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids; preferably wherein the volume of the first fluid in the permeate is about 80% of the volume of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids. In certain embodiments, the first fluid is He, and the second fluid is CH4. In further embodiments, the first fluid is H2, and the second fluid is N2. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 In certain embodiments, the pores of the support member are substantially parallel to the direction of fluid flow through the composite membrane (i.e., direct flow separation). In further embodiments, the pores of the support member are substantially perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow through the composite membrane (i.e., tangential flow separation). In certain embodiments, provided herein are methods of separating a mixture of fluids, wherein the fluid mixture is contacted with a hollow fiber membrane of the present disclosure; and the direction of fluid flow through the hollow fiber membrane is through the thickness of the selective layer (i.e., direct flow separation). In further embodiments, the fluid mixture is contacted with a hollow fiber membrane of the present disclosure; and the direction of fluid flow through the hollow fiber membrane is along the inner surface or along the outer surface of the selective layer (i.e., tangential flow separation). EXAMPLES The invention now being generally described, it will be more readily understood by reference to the following examples which are included merely for purposes of illustration of certain aspects and embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention. Example 1: Support Dope Preparation In a 4L glass jar with a screw top lid, 48-55 wt% NMP and 9-12 wt% PEG400 were combined and stirred at ~500 rpm. To this jar, 35-40 wt% PEI (polyetherimide, e.g., Ultem 1000) was added, and the stirring was increased to 1000 rpm. After approximately one hour, once the solution was viscous and the jar was hot, the stirring was increased to about 1500 rpm. Example 2: Support Dope Degassing The glass jar in which the support dope was prepared (see Example 1) was sealed with paraffin around the cap. The jar was then placed in a metal container or aluminum tray, and heated in the oven at about 60 °C until the dope was clear and no more bubbles were visible. Example 3: Spinning of Substrate FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 The apparatus used for spinning the substrate is shown in FIG.1. The washing tank on the spinning apparatus was filled with deionized water. The degassed dope from Example 2 was poured into the dope tank, which was then secured with a C clamp. If required, the dope was heated to 60 °C for additional degassing. A clean spinneret was installed in the spinneret housing, and was connected to the bore fluid line and the dope line. The dope tank temperature was increased to 70 °C for spinning, and the spinneret block was heated to 90 °C. The bore fluid tank was filled with 1 L of NMP / water bore fluid. The bore fluid tank and dope tank valves were switched to the upstream position to their respective pumps. The take up bath heater was set to 50 °C. Rollers A, B, and C were set to 35, 36, and 37 rpm, respectively. The bore fluid pump was turned on and set to 30 rpm. Once the spinneret line was producing a steady stream of bore fluid without bubbles (the speed of flow can be temporarily increased to clear any bubbles), the dope pump was turned on and set to 15 rpm. The HF coming out of the spinneret was strung onto each roller without breaking it, and it was further strung on the tension controller, followed by the bobbin. The dope flow, bore fluid composition, bore fluid speed, spinneret air gap, roller speed, and tension control were adjusted as needed. Spinning Parameters: Air Gap (in): 1 to 10 Dope Flow (RPM): 20 -55 Bore Flow (RPM): 10-35 Bore Composition (NMP / H2O)%: 0 / 100% - 85 / 15% Dope Tank Temperature ( C): 60-90 Spinneret Temp (C): 70 – 90 Coagulation Bath Temperature (C): 25 – 60 Extraction Bath Temperature (C): 25-90 Take-up Bath Temperature (C): 25-60 Spinning Speed (RPM): 20 – 100 FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 Example 4: Procedure for Washing and Cross-Linking Spun Substrate Following the spinning described in Example 3, the substrate was washed with solvent and crosslinked by subsequent washing in hot water, isopropanol, and hexane. The substrate was then dried, and subsequently washed with methanol, hot water, isopropanol, and then hexane. The substrate was then dried again before coating (see Example 5). Example 5: Procedure for Coating Substrate The apparatus used for coating the substrate is shown in FIG. 2. The crosslinked substrate was first strung up and dried in the drying tower. The fiber was then coated with the coating solution in beaker 1. Next, the fiber was dried in coating tower 1, and then coated with the coating solution in beaker 2. Finally, the coated fiber was dried in coating tower 2, and collected in the take-up winder. Coating Solution concentration: Selective polymer Solution: 0.1w% to 3 w% Overcoating solution: 0.1w% to 1.5w% Example 6: Permeation Experiments Experiments were performed on a constant-volume variable pressure apparatus at 35°C and 15 psi upstream pressure. The thin-film composite membranes were masked with epoxy on a brass support and degassed under high vacuum at 35°C for 1 h. The permeance, P, of gasses were determined using the following equation: where is the downstream volume, is the upstream pressure, is the average downstream pressure calculated in the time interval considered, is the exposed area of the membrane, and in downstream pressure at steady-state permeation and when the system is sealed, respectively. Ideal gas pair selectivity for gases A and B (A / B) are defined to be , where and are the permeances of gases A and B, respectively. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 Example 7: General Procedure 4 - General Synthesis of Representative Polyimide-Type Polymers In an oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer and under a steady flow of N21.0mmol of diamine monomer and 1.0mmol of a diphthalic anhydride are added. After purging the tube for 10min at room temperature, 2.3mL of m-cresol and 5-6 drops of isoquinoline are added, and the temperature was raised to 100°C while stirred. After the reaction system is dissolved completely, the temperature is further adjusted to 190 °C. After 4 hours, a viscous polymer solution is obtained, the reaction is then terminated and diluted with 5ml CHCl3. The desired polyimide is precipitated in ethanol. The resulting fibrous precipitate is obtained by washing with ethanol several times, and drying overnight at 120 °C under vacuum. Example 8: Synthesis of a Representative Polyimide-Type Polymer In an oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer and under a steady flow of N2 isopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) were added. After purging the tube for 10min at room temperature, 2.3mL of m-cresol and 5-6 drops of isoquinoline were added, and the temperature was raised to 100°C while stirred. After the reaction system was dissolved completely, the temperature was further adjusted to 190 °C. After 4 hours, a viscous polymer solution was obtained, the reaction was then terminated and diluted with 5ml CHCl3. The desired polyimide was precipitated in ethanol. The resulting fibrous precipitate was obtained by washing with ethanol several times, and drying overnight at 120 °C under vacuum. 1H-NMR (CDCl3 J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (s, 2H), 7.34 (t, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.04 (m, 1H), 7.01 (d, J = 13.3 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 4H), 2.46 (d, J = 22.9 Hz, 2H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.58 (brs, 3H), 1.48-1.40 (m, 3H), 0.89 (s, 2H). FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 Example 9: Characterization of Exemplary Polymer 5 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3 (s, 3H), 6.93 – 6.74 (m, 3H), 6.61 (d, J = 46.0 Hz, 2H), 6.36 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 2H), 3.37 – 3.11 (m, 8H), 2.46 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 3H), 2.14 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 6H), 1.99 (d, J = 40.0 Hz, 6H), 1.25 – 1.04 (m, 17H), 0.83 (d, J = 47.7 Hz, 4H). Example 10: Characterization of Exemplary Polymer 6 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 – 7.31 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, J = 32.7 Hz, 4H), 6.78 (t, J = 26.2 Hz, 3H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.35 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.39 – 3.13 (m, 8H), 2.54 – 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.25 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 2H), 2.10 (d, J = 14.3 Hz, 4H), 2.02 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 3H), 1.29 – 1.05 (m, 18H), 0.81 (d, J = 31.1 Hz, 4H). Example 11: Characterization of Exemplary Polymer 7a and 7b 7a FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 8.00 – 7.86 (m, 4H), 7.47 (s, 2H), 7.43 – 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.28 – 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.16 – 7.02 (m, 3H), 3.51 (d, J = 22.1 Hz, 4H), 3.37 (d, J = 15.4 Hz, 4H), 2.64 – 2.51 (m, 4H), 1.46 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 7H), 1.07 – 0.80 (m, 5H). 7b 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3 J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.95 (s, 4H), 7.36 (t, J = 9.8 Hz, 2H), 7.13 – 7.04 (m, 2H), 6.90 (s, 2H), 3.31 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 8H), 2.52 – 2.41 (m, 4H), 2.16 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 6H), 2.03 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 6H), 1.46 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 6H), 0.93 (s, 4H). Example 12: Characterization of Exemplary Polymer 8 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3 J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (s, 4H), 7.43 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (s, 4H), 7.09 – 6.91 (m, 4H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 4H), 6.42 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.35 – 3.14 (m, 7H), 2.41 (dd, J = 60.7, 15.6 Hz, 5H), 2.05 (d, J = 34.0 Hz, 6H), 0.87 (s, 4H). FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 Example 13: Characterization of Exemplary Polymer 9 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3 J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J = 10.9 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (d, J = 33.2 Hz, 3H), 6.79 – 6.63 (m, 3H), 6.35 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.36 – 3.11 (m, 5H), 2.56 – 2.43 (m, 2H), 2.36 – 2.18 (m, 2H), 2.05 (dd, J = 45.0, 13.1 Hz, 6H), 0.83 (d, J = 29.6 Hz, 3H). Example 14: Characterization of Exemplary Polymer 10 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3 J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.99 – 7.87 (m, 4H), 7.78 – 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 4H), 3.34 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 8H), 2.93 (s, 4H), 2.57 – 2.45 (m, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.15 – 2.05 (m, 6H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.78 (s, 5H), 1.01 – 0.88 (m, 4H). FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 Example 15: General Procedure for Obtaining Performance Data of Exemplary Hollow Fiber Membranes The permeance (in GPU) was tested for a selection of exemplary Hollow Fiber Membranes made according to methods of General Procedure 3. Single-gas permeation experiments were performed at pressures from about 1 bar to about 50 bar and temperatures from about 25 °C to about 100 °C. Example 16: Characterization of exemplary polymer 11 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3 J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.96 (s, 4H), 7.38 (q, J = 11.7 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 4H), 3.45 – 3.18 (m, 8H), 2.82 (s, 4H), 2.44 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 4H), 2.24 – 2.09 (m, 6H), 2.03 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 6H), 1.03 – 0.89 (m, 4H). FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE All publications and patents mentioned herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual publication or patent was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. In case of conflict, the present application, including any definitions herein, will control. EQUIVALENTS While specific embodiments of the subject invention have been discussed, the above specification is illustrative and not restrictive. Many variations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification and the claims below. The full scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the claims, along with their full scope of equivalents, and the specification, along with such variations. FH13006786.1

Claims

1. Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 CLAIMS We claim:

1. A composite membrane comprising: a mesoporous membrane support layer comprising a plurality of pores extending through the support layer, said support layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; and optionally, a gutter layer comprising a permeable elastic polymer, said gutter layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; a thin film membrane selective layer comprising a plurality of polymer chains, said selective layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; wherein: the composite membrane is in the form of a hollow fiber; when the gutter layer is present, the second side of the support layer is disposed along the first side of the gutter layer, and the second side of the gutter layer is disposed along the first side of the selective layer; when the gutter layer is absent, the second side of the support layer is disposed along the first side of the selective layer; and the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 10 microns.

2. The composite membrane of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 5 microns.

3. The composite membrane of claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the selective layer is less than about 3 microns.

4. The composite membrane of claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the selective layer is from about 0.1 to about 10 microns.

5. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the thickness of the selective layer is from about 0.1 to about 3 microns.

6. The composite membrane of claim 1-5, wherein the thickness of the selective layer is from about 0.5 to about 1.5 microns. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 7. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the thickness of the selective layer is selected from about 0.50 microns, 0.75 microns, about 1.0 micron, 1.25 microns, about 1.5 microns, about 1.75 microns, about 2 microns, about 2.25 microns, about 2.5 microns, about 2.75 microns, and about 3 microns; preferably wherein the thickness of the selective layer is about 1 micron.

8. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the plurality of pores extending through the support layer has a pore size from about 2 nm to about 50 nm.

9. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the thickness of the support layer is from about 15 microns to about 200 microns.

10. The composite membrane of claim 9, wherein the thickness of the support layer is selected from about 15 microns, about 30 microns, about 45 microns, about 60 microns, about 75 microns, about 90 microns, about 105 microns, about 120 microns, about 135 microns, and about 150 microns; preferably wherein the thickness of the support layer is between about 50 and about 60 microns.

11. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the support layer comprises a polymer selected from polyethylenimine, polyether ether ketone, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyvinylfluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(acrylonitrile), polysulfone, cellulose acetate, poly ether sulfone, and polyimide.

12. The composite membrane of claim 11, wherein the support layer comprises a plurality of cross-linked polymers.

13. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises norbornyl arylcyclobutene polymers.

14. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the additional polymer comprises a norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymer, a polysiloxane, a fluorinated polymer, or a combination thereof.

15. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the hollow fiber has an outer diameter of from about 200 microns to about 800 microns. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 16. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the hollow fiber has an inner diameter from about 50 microns to about 400 microns.

17. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the hollow fiber has a fiber length of about 100 meters or less.

18. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Ib: (Ib); wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; A is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, S=O, and C=O; when present, B is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, and C=O; wherein, when B is present, at least one of A and B is CRERFor C=O; RDis, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, –O–alkyl, or haloalkyl; REand RFare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, OH, SH, halo, amine, alkyl, – (H)C=O, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 or REand RF, together with the atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, or heterocycloalkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more RH, wherein RHis selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy; optionally wherein REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a group selected from n is 0 or 1; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; represents an optional bond; C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: ; wherein each * represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Ib; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 19. The composite membrane of claim 18, wherein at least one unit of Formula Ib is a unit 20. The composite membrane of claim 18, wherein at least one unit of Formula Ib is: . FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 21. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula V: (V); wherein: R1and R2are independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, heterocyclic groups, halogen groups, groups including a —O— moiety, groups including a — O(CO)— moiety, groups including a —O(CO)O— moiety, groups including a O(CO)N< moiety, groups including a —S— moiety, groups including a —B< moiety, —NO2, groups including a —N< moiety, groups including a —P< moiety, groups including a — (PO)< moiety, —CHO, groups including a —(CO)— moiety, groups including a — (CO)O— moiety, and groups including a —(CO)N< moiety; X1is selected from —[O]—, —[S]—, —[B(O)Ra]—, —[NRa]—, —[P(O)Ra]—, — [(PO)(O)Ra]—, —[CO]—, —[CRaRb]—, —[C(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and—[Si(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and Raand Rbare independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, and heterocyclic groups; and M is selected from aromatic groups and heterocyclic groups.

22. The composite membrane of claim 1 or 21, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Va: FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: ; wherein each * represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Va; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, 23. The composite membrane of claim 22, wherein the at least one unit of Formula Va is a unit of Formula Vb:

24. The composite membrane of any one of any one of claim 1-23, wherein the gutter layer is present.

25. The composite membrane of claim 24, wherein the gutter layer comprises polysiloxane. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 26. The composite membrane of claim 24 or 25, wherein the thickness of the gutter layer is from 0.01 microns to about 10 microns.

27. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the gutter layer is absent.

28. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-27, further comprising: a sealing layer comprising a permeable elastic polymer, said sealing layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; wherein the second side of the selective layer is disposed along the first side of the sealing layer.

29. The composite membrane of claim 28, wherein the thickness of the sealing layer is from about 0.01 microns to about 10 microns.

30. The composite membrane of claim 28 or 29, wherein the sealing layer comprises polysiloxane, a norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymer, a polysiloxane, a fluorinated polymer, or a combination thereof.

31. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-30, further comprising: a non-woven layer comprising a polymeric material, said non-woven layer having a first side, a second side, and a thickness; wherein the second side of the non-woven layer is disposed along the first side of the support layer; and the polymeric material is a polyolefin or polyester.

32. The composite membrane of claim 31, wherein the non-woven layer comprises at least one polyester; preferably wherein the polyester is PET.

33. The composite membrane of claim 31 or 32, wherein the non-woven layer comprises at least one polyolefin.

34. The composite membrane of claim 33, wherein the at least one polyolefin is selected from polyethylene, and polypropylene, or combinations thereof.

35. The composite membrane of claim 34, wherein the at least one polyolefin is a combination of polypropylene and polyethylene. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 36. The composite membrane of any one of claims 31-35, wherein the thickness of the non- woven layer is from about 50 microns to about 300 microns.

37. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-36, wherein the composite membrane is selective for separating CH4 from He.

38. The composite membrane of any one of claims 1-37, wherein the composite membrane is selective for separating H2 from N2.

39. The composite membrane of claim 37 or 38, wherein the composite material exhibits said selectivity without being cured for more than about 100 days.

40. The composite membrane of claim 37 or 38, wherein the composite material exhibits said selectivity without being cured for more than about 7 days.

41. The composite membrane of claim 37 or 38, wherein the composite material exhibits said selectivity without being cured.

42. A method of preparing a hollow fiber composite membrane of any one of claims 1-41.

43. The method of claim 42, comprising: providing a support mixture comprising a support polymer precursor, a first solvent, and a second solvent, the support mixture having a first solvent:second solvent ratio; contacting the support mixture with a substrate, thereby forming a nascent support; degassing the nascent support, thereby forming a mesoporous support; spinning the mesoporous support into a hollow fiber; washing and cross-linking the hollow fiber; coating the hollow fiber with the selective solution, thereby forming the hollow fiber composite membrane.

44. A hollow fiber membrane comprising: a selective layer comprising a plurality of polymer chains, said selective layer having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a thickness; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula V: (V); wherein: R1and R2are independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, heterocyclic groups, halogen groups, groups including a —O— moiety, groups including a — O(CO)— moiety, groups including a —O(CO)O— moiety, groups including a O(CO)N< moiety, groups including a —S— moiety, groups including a —B< moiety, —NO2, groups including a —N< moiety, groups including a —P< moiety, groups including a — (PO)< moiety, —CHO, groups including a —(CO)— moiety, groups including a — (CO)O— moiety, and groups including a —(CO)N< moiety; X1is selected from —[O]—, —[S]—, —[B(O)Ra]—,—[NRa]—, —[P(O)Ra]—, — [(PO)(O)Ra]—, —[CO]—, —[CRaRb]—, —[C(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and—[Si(O)Ra(O)Rb]—, and Raand Rbare independently selected from hydride group, alkyl groups, aryl groups, and heterocyclic groups; and M is selected from optionally substituted aromatic groups and heterocyclic groups.

45. The hollow fiber membrane of claim 44, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Va: (Va); wherein: FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Va; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, 46. The hollow fiber membrane of claim 44 or 45, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Vb: wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; and each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 47. The hollow fiber membrane of claim 44 or 45, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Ib: (Ib); wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; each R4and R5is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; A is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, S=O, and C=O; when present, B is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, and C=O; wherein, when B is present, at least one of A and B is CRERFor C=O; RDis, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, –O–alkyl, or haloalkyl; REand RFare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, OH, SH, halo, amine, alkyl, – C(=O)H, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl or REand RF, together with the atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more RH, wherein RHis selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy; optionally wherein REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a group selected FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 n is 0 or 1; each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3; represents an optional bond; C is, independently at each occurrence, selected from: ; wherein each *represents a point of attachment to the unit of Formula Ib; and D is, independently at each occurrence, a bond or selected from O, C=O, SO2, CR4R4, phenylene, 48. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44, 46, and 47, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Ic: wherein: A is, independently at each occurrence, selected from NRD, O, S, CRERF, S=O, and C=O; each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 each R4is, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; RDis, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, alkyl, –O–alkyl, or haloalkyl; REand RFare, independently at each occurrence, selected from H, OH, SH, halo, amine, alkyl, – C(=O)H, –O–alkyl, and haloalkyl or REand RF, together with the atom to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more RH, wherein RHis selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy; optionally wherein REand RF, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a group each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3.

49. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44, 45, 47, and 48, wherein the plurality of polymer chains comprises at least one unit of Formula Id: wherein: each R3is, independently at each occurrence, selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 fluoroalkyl, halo, optionally substituted amino, and hydroxy; and each o is, independently at each occurrence, 0, 1, 2, or 3.

50. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-49, further comprising: a sealing layer comprising a permeable elastic polymer; FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 wherein sealing layer is disposed along the outer surface of the selective layer.

51. The hollow fiber membrane of claim 50, wherein the thickness of the sealing layer is from about 0.01 microns to about 10 microns.

52. The hollow fiber membrane of claim 50 or 51, wherein the sealing layer comprises a norbornyl benzocyclobutene polymer, a polysiloxane, a fluorinated polymer, or a combination thereof.

53. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-49, wherein the hollow fiber membrane consists essentially of the selective layer.

54. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-53, having an outer diameter of from about 200 microns to about 800 microns.

55. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-54, having an inner diameter from about 50 microns to about 400 microns, provided the inner diameter is less than the outer diameter.

56. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-55, having a fiber length of about 100 meters or less.

57. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-56, wherein the hollow fiber membrane is selective for separating CH4from He.

58. The hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-57, wherein the hollow fiber membrane is selective for separating H2from N2.

59. The hollow fiber membrane of claim 57 or 58, wherein the hollow fiber membrane exhibits said selectivity without being cured for more than about 100 days.

60. The hollow fiber membrane of claim 57 or 58, wherein the hollow fiber membrane exhibits said selectivity without being cured for more than about 7 days.

61. The hollow fiber membrane of claim 57 or 58, wherein the hollow fiber membrane exhibits said selectivity without being cured. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 62. A method of preparing a hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-61.

63. A method of separating a mixture of fluids comprising a first fluid and a second fluid, the method comprising: contacting a fluid mixture with a composite membrane of any one of claims 1-41 or hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-61, thereby separating the mixture of fluids into: a permeate comprising a first portion of the first fluid and a first portion of the second fluid; and a retentate comprising a second portion of the second fluid.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than the volume percent of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids by at least about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99%.

65. The method of claim 63 or 64, wherein the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is lower than the volume percent of the second fluid in the mixture of fluids by at least about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 97.5%, or about 99%.

66. The method of any one of claims 63-65, wherein the volume percent of the first fluid in the permeate is greater than about 99%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, about 2.5%, and about 1%.

67. The method of any one of claims 63-66, wherein the volume percent of the second fluid in the permeate is less than about 99%, about 95%, about 90%, about 80%, about 70%, about 60%, about 50%, about 40%, about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, about 2.5%, and about 1%.

68. The method of any one of claims 63-67, wherein the volume of the first fluid in the permeate is higher than about 10% by volume, about 20% by volume, about 30% by volume, about 40% by volume, about 50% by volume, about 60% by volume, about 70% by volume, about 80% by volume, about 90% by volume, about 95% by volume, about 98% by volume, or about 99% by volume of the volume of the first fluid in the mixture of fluids. FH13006786.1 Attorney Docket No.: OSL-00525 69. The method of any one of claims 63-68, wherein the first fluid is He, and the second fluid is CH4.

70. The method of any one of claims 63-68, wherein the first fluid is H2, and the second fluid is N2.

71. The method of any one of claims 63-70, wherein the pores of the support member are substantially parallel to the direction of fluid flow through the composite membrane (i.e., direct flow separation).

72. The method of any one of claims 63-71, wherein the pores of the support member are substantially perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow through the composite membrane (i.e., tangential flow separation).

73. The method of any one of claims 63-70, wherein the fluid mixture is contacted with a hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-61; and the direction of fluid flow through the hollow fiber membrane is through the thickness of the selective layer (i.e., direct flow separation).

74. The method of any one of claims 63-70, wherein the fluid mixture is contacted with a hollow fiber membrane of any one of claims 44-61; and the direction of fluid flow through the hollow fiber membrane is along the inner surface or along the outer surface of the selective layer (i.e., tangential flow separation). FH13006786.1

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