Liquid cooling plate, battery module, battery system, and electric vehicle

Abstract

The present application relates to a power battery. In order to solve the problems of cell cooling of a power battery and flue gas discharge during thermal runaway, the present application provides a liquid cooling plate, a battery module, a battery system, and an electric vehicle. The liquid cooling plate is square-shaped, and a liquid cooling flow channel and a flue gas channel that are not in communication with each other are provided in the liquid cooling plate; a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are respectively provided on the top surface of the liquid cooling plate and located at two ends of the liquid cooling flow channel; a flue gas outlet in communication with the flue gas channel is provided on the top surface of the liquid cooling plate; and a plurality of flue gas intake holes in communication with the flue gas channel are provided on the bottom surface of the liquid cooling plate. In the present application, the liquid cooling plate is further provided with the flue gas channel, so that when thermal runaway occurs in a battery cell of the battery module, the flue gas channel can guide and discharge the high-temperature flue gas particulates ejected from the battery cell out of a module case, thereby preventing thermal runaway of the battery cell caused by the high-temperature flue gas particulates from propagating to other battery cells.

Description

Liquid cooling plate, battery module, battery system and electric vehicle TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a power battery, more particularly to a liquid cooling plate, a battery module, a battery system and an electric vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The electric vehicle is powered by a battery system, which includes one or more battery boxes. A plurality of battery modules are contained in a single battery box.

[0003] The electric vehicle generates heat during charging and discharging. High temperature of the battery cell will reduce the performance of the battery, and even cause thermal runaway. The battery needs to be cooled during use to remove the heat generated by the battery cell to ensure the performance of the battery cell and reduce the thermal runaway phenomenon.

[0004] When the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature smoke and solid particles will be ejected from the explosion-proof valve. In the battery module, if the high-position smoke and solid particles cannot be discharged to the outside of the battery box in time, the high-temperature smoke and solid particles will cause the temperature of the battery cell in contact with them to rise, eventually leading to thermal runaway, and the thermal runaway will spread to the entire battery module or even the entire battery system.

[0005] Therefore, in the electric vehicle, how to effectively cool the battery cell to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway and effectively contain the spread of thermal runaway when individual battery cells experience thermal runaway.

[0006] SUMMARY

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is the cooling of the battery cell and the containment of thermal runaway of the power battery, and a liquid cooling plate, a battery module, a battery system and an electric vehicle are provided.

[0008] The technical solution of the present application to achieve its purpose is: a liquid cooling plate in the shape of a square, which is internally provided with a liquid cooling flow channel and a flue, a cooling liquid inlet and outlet corresponding to the two ends of the liquid cooling flow channel are arranged on the top surface of the liquid cooling plate, a smoke exhaust port is arranged on the top surface of the liquid cooling plate, and a plurality of smoke inlet holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the liquid cooling plate.

[0009] In the liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling plate comprises a substrate, a flow channel structure plate sealedly connected to the bottom surface of the substrate, a flue cover plate, a liquid cooling groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the flow channel structure plate and jointly formed with the substrate, a flue groove is arranged on the top surface of the flow channel structure plate, the flue cover plate is sealedly connected to the top surface of the flow channel structure plate and covers the slot opening of the flue groove, the smoke inlet hole is located at the bottom of the flue groove and penetrates through the substrate and the flow channel structure plate, the cooling liquid inlet and outlet are arranged on the flow channel structure plate, and the smoke outlet is arranged on the flue cover plate.

[0010] In the liquid cooling plate, the smoke inlet holes are arranged in a column and longitudinally arranged, each of the smoke inlet holes is provided with an electrode avoiding hole penetrating through the liquid cooling plate on both sides in the transverse direction, a liquid cooling groove is arranged between the adjacent electrode avoiding hole column and the smoke inlet hole column, and the two adjacent liquid cooling grooves are communicated with each other at one end of the grooves.

[0011] In the liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling groove has a liquid cooling groove protruding part protruding in the transverse direction to the gap between the two adjacent electrode avoiding holes near one side of the corresponding electrode avoiding hole.

[0012] In the liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling groove has a liquid cooling groove recessed part recessed in the transverse direction to the liquid cooling groove protruding part on the side away from the liquid cooling groove protruding part.

[0013] In the liquid cooling plate, the smoke inlet holes are arranged in more than one column, the liquid cooling grooves are connected in a head-to-tail manner at the ends, and the cooling liquid inlet and outlet are arranged at the two ends of the liquid cooling grooves connected in a head-to-tail manner.

[0014] The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the application is: a battery module, comprising a module box body, a module box cover arranged on the module box body, a plurality of battery cells arranged in the module box body, and the liquid cooling plate described above, the liquid cooling plate is located in the module box body and at the top of each battery cell, each smoke inlet hole on the liquid cooling plate corresponds to the explosion-proof valve of each battery cell, and each cooling liquid inlet and outlet and smoke outlet are connected with a joint extending to the outside of the module box body.

[0015] The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the application is: a battery system having a plurality of the battery modules described above.

[0016] The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the application is: an electric vehicle having the battery system described above or having the battery module described above.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, in the present application, the liquid cooling plate is also provided with a flue, which can guide and discharge the high-temperature flue gas particles sprayed by the battery cell when the battery cell in the battery module is in thermal runaway, so as to avoid the spread of the thermal runaway of the battery cell to other battery cells due to the high-temperature flue gas particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a liquid cooling plate in embodiment one.

[0019] Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the liquid cooling plate in embodiment one.

[0020] Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a flow channel structure plate in embodiment one.

[0021] Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a base plate in embodiment one.

[0022] Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view of the liquid cooling plate in embodiment one.

[0023] Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of the flow channel structure plate in embodiment one.

[0024] Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a liquid cooling plate in embodiment two.

[0025] Fig. 8 is an exploded schematic diagram of the liquid cooling plate in embodiment two.

[0026] Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a flow channel structure plate in embodiment two.

[0027] Fig. 10 is a partial sectional view of the liquid cooling plate in embodiment two.

[0028] Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery module in embodiment three.

[0029] Fig. 12 is an exploded view of the battery module in embodiment three.

[0030] Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery cell in embodiment three.

[0031] Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the liquid cooling plate in the battery module in embodiment three.

[0032] Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle in embodiment four.

[0033] Names and serial numbers of parts in the figures:

[0034] Liquid cooling plate 100, liquid cooling flow channel 110, flue 120, electrode avoidance hole 130, liquid cooling connector 111, flue connector 121.

[0035] Base plate 10, flue inlet hole 11, first electrode avoidance hole 12, first flue hole 13.

[0036] Flow channel structure plate 20, liquid cooling groove 21, flue groove 22, second electrode avoidance hole 23, cooling liquid inlet 24, cooling liquid outlet 25, smoke outlet 26, liquid cooling groove protruding part 27, liquid cooling groove recessed part 28, second flue hole 29.

[0037] Flue cover plate 30.

[0038] Battery module 200, module box 210, module box cover 220, flue sealing ring 250.

[0039] Battery cell 230, explosion-proof valve 231, battery cell positive electrode 232, battery cell negative electrode 233.

[0040] CCS integrated busbar 240, information collection circuit board 241, busbar 242, voltage collection piece 243.

[0041] Battery system 300, controller 400, motor 500. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The specific implementation scheme is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Example one.

[0044] Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 shows the structure of the liquid cooling plate in example one.

[0045] As shown in Fig. 1, the liquid cooling plate 100 in this embodiment is in the shape of a square, and its inside is provided with liquid cooling flow channel 110 and flue 120 which are not connected to each other. The cooling liquid inlet 24 and the cooling liquid outlet 25 corresponding to the two ends of the liquid cooling flow channel 110 are arranged on the top surface of the liquid cooling plate 100. The smoke outlet 26 which is connected to the flue 120 is arranged on the top surface of the liquid cooling plate 100. The smoke inlet hole 11 which is connected to the flue 120 is arranged on the bottom surface of the liquid cooling plate 100. The liquid cooling connector 111 is installed on the cooling liquid inlet 24 and the cooling liquid outlet 25. The flue connector 121 is installed on the smoke outlet 26.

[0046] As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the liquid cooling plate 100 includes a base plate 10 and a flow channel structure plate 20 which is sealed and connected to the base plate 10 on the bottom surface. The liquid cooling groove 21 and the flue groove 22 which correspond to the liquid cooling flow channel 110 and the flue 120 are arranged on the bottom surface of the flow channel structure plate 20 together with the base plate 10. The cooling liquid inlet 24, the cooling liquid outlet 25 and the smoke outlet 26 are arranged on the flow channel structure plate 20.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 4, the smoke inlet holes 11 communicating with the flues 120 are arranged on the base plate 10 in a columnar longitudinal direction. Two columns of smoke inlet holes 11 are arranged on the base plate 10 as shown in FIG. 4. The smoke inlet holes 11 in the same column are arranged at equal intervals. As shown in FIG. 3, corresponding to the two columns of smoke inlet holes 11, two smoke flue grooves 22 are arranged on the flow channel structure plate 20, and a smoke outlet 26 is arranged on each of the two smoke flue grooves 22. If space permits, the two smoke flue grooves can communicate with each other.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 4, a first electrode avoiding hole 12 is arranged on each of the two sides of each smoke inlet hole 11 in the transverse direction, and two columns of first electrode avoiding holes 12 are arranged on the base plate corresponding to one column of smoke inlet holes 11. A second electrode avoiding hole 23 is arranged on the flow channel structure plate 20 corresponding to each first electrode avoiding hole 12. When the flow channel structure plate 20 is attached to the base plate 10, the first electrode avoiding hole 12 and the second electrode avoiding hole 23 are coaxially aligned and communicated to form an electrode avoiding hole 130 penetrating the liquid cooling plate.

[0049] Corresponding to one smoke flue groove 22, two liquid cooling grooves 21 are arranged on the flow channel structure plate 20, the two liquid cooling grooves 21 are arranged on the two sides in the transverse direction of the smoke flue groove 22 and are communicated at the end of one end, and the liquid cooling groove 21 is located between the column of second electrode avoiding holes and the smoke flue groove 22. As shown in FIG. 3, the four liquid cooling grooves 21 on the flow channel structure plate 20 are sequentially communicated in a head-to-tail manner, and the cooling liquid inlet 24 and the cooling liquid outlet 25 are arranged at the two ends of the liquid cooling grooves 21 after the head-to-tail connection.

[0050] In other embodiments, the smoke inlet holes 11 can also be one column, the corresponding flues 120 are one, and the liquid cooling grooves 21 are two, the two liquid cooling flow channels 110 are communicated at one end, and the cooling liquid inlet 24 and the cooling liquid outlet 25 are arranged at the other end of the two liquid cooling grooves.

[0051] As shown in FIG. 5, the base plate 10 is a metal plate, which is convenient for heat transfer to absorb heat. The flow channel structure plate 20 is a metal plate, which is formed by stamping to form the liquid cooling grooves 21 and the smoke flue grooves 22. The groove openings of the liquid cooling grooves 21 and the smoke flue grooves 22 are located on the bottom surface (the surface attached to the base plate) of the flow channel structure plate 20. After the flow channel structure plate 20 is attached and sealed to the base plate 10, the groove edges of the liquid cooling grooves 21 and the smoke flue grooves 22 are attached to the base plate 10 to be sealed, thereby forming the liquid cooling flow channels 110 and the flues 120, and the first electrode avoiding hole 12 and the second electrode avoiding hole 23 are coaxially aligned and communicated to form an electrode avoiding hole 130 penetrating the liquid cooling plate.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 6, the liquid cooling groove 21 has a liquid cooling groove protrusion 27 protruding laterally towards the gap between two adjacent second electrode avoiding holes 23 on the side of the liquid cooling groove 21 close to the second electrode avoiding holes 23. The liquid cooling groove protrusion 27 is arranged to make the liquid cooling flow channel 110 bend towards the gap between the two adjacent second electrode avoiding holes 23, so that the liquid cooling flow channel 110 covers a larger area on the substrate 10, facilitating better heat exchange between the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling flow channel 110 and the substrate 10, thereby improving the cooling efficiency.

[0053] The side of the liquid cooling groove 21 away from the liquid cooling groove protrusion 27 has a liquid cooling groove recess 28 recessed laterally towards the liquid cooling groove protrusion 27. The liquid cooling groove recess 28 is arranged to change the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling flow channel 21, so that the cooling liquid flows towards the liquid cooling groove protrusion 27 at this position, thereby making the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling flow channel 110 flow uniformly.

[0054] In this embodiment, the chimney 120 is integrated in the liquid cooling plate 100, and the liquid cooling plate 100 is installed in the battery module 200. When the battery cell 230 experiences thermal runaway and sprays high-temperature flue gas, the chimney can guide the high-temperature flue gas to flow out to the outside of the battery module, preventing the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cell. The chimney is integrated in the liquid cooling plate, which is compact in structure and convenient to arrange and install.

[0055] Embodiment two.

[0056] FIGS. 7 to 10 show the structure of the liquid cooling plate 100 in embodiment two.

[0057] Compared with embodiment one, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the difference between the liquid cooling plate 100 in this embodiment and that in embodiment one is that the liquid cooling plate 100 in this embodiment further includes a chimney cover plate 30 in addition to the substrate 10 and the flow channel structure plate 20 sealingly connected to the bottom surface of the substrate 10.

[0058] As shown in FIG. 8, the substrate 10 is provided with a plurality of first flue gas holes 13 arranged in a columnar and longitudinal manner. Corresponding to each first flue gas hole 13, the substrate is provided with a first electrode avoiding hole 12 on each side of the first flue gas hole 13 in the transverse direction of the first flue gas hole 13.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 9, the flow channel structure plate 20 is a metal plate, and the liquid cooling groove 21 with a notch on the bottom surface is formed by stamping. When the flow channel structure plate 20 is attached to the substrate 10, the liquid cooling groove 21 and the substrate 10 form the liquid cooling flow channel 110.

[0060] On the top surface of the flow channel structure plate 20, a chimney groove 22 with its notch facing upwards is formed between the two liquid cooling grooves 21 due to the upward protrusion of the liquid cooling grooves. The chimney cover plate 30 is sealingly connected to the top surface of the flow channel structure plate 20 and covers the notch of the chimney groove 22. The chimney cover plate 30 and the chimney groove 22 together form the chimney 120, and the smoke outlet 26 is arranged on the chimney cover plate 30.

[0061] A plurality of second flue holes 29 are arranged at the bottom of the flue groove 22. When the flow channel structure plate 20 is attached to the base plate 10, the second flue holes 29 are coaxially aligned with the first flue holes 13 on the base plate 10 one by one, forming the smoke inlet holes 11 that pass through the base plate 10 and the flow channel structure plate 20.

[0062] In this embodiment, the flue 120 is integrated in the liquid cooling plate 100, which is installed in the battery module. When the battery cell is in thermal runaway and emits high-temperature smoke, the flue can guide the high-temperature smoke to flow out of the battery module, preventing the spread of thermal runaway. The flue 120 is integrated in the liquid cooling plate, which is compact in structure and convenient to arrange and install. In this embodiment, the flue 120 is composed of the flue groove 22 on the flow channel structure plate 20 and the flue cover plate 30. The flue 120 is only separated from the liquid cooling flow channel 110 by the thickness of the flow channel structure plate 20. The liquid cooling groove and the flue groove are formed by stamping, which is simple in structure and convenient to arrange.

[0063] Embodiment three.

[0064] Figures 11 to 14 show the structure of the battery module 200 in embodiment three.

[0065] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the battery module 200 includes a module box 210, a module cover plate 220 cooperating with the module box 210, a plurality of battery cells 230 installed in the module box 210, a liquid cooling plate 100, and a CCS integrated busbar 240.

[0066] As shown in Figure 12, two rows of battery cells 230 are arranged in the module box 210, with the top surface of the battery cells 230 facing upwards. As shown in Figure 13, an explosion-proof valve 231 is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the battery cell 230, with a positive electrode 232 and a negative electrode 233 on both sides of the explosion-proof valve 231. When the battery cells 230 are arranged in the module box 210, the explosion-proof valves 231 of the battery cells 230 are arranged in a column with equal intervals, and the positive electrodes 232 and the negative electrodes 233 are also arranged in a column with equal intervals.

[0067] As shown in Figure 12, the liquid cooling plate 100 is installed on the top of each battery cell 230, and the CCS integrated busbar 240 is arranged on the liquid cooling plate 100.

[0068] As shown in Figure 14, the liquid cooling plate 100 is arranged on the top of the battery cell 230, and the smoke inlet holes 11 at the bottom of the flue 120 are connected to the explosion-proof valves 231 on the battery cell 230 one by one. A flue sealing ring 250 is arranged at the connection position, and the flue 120 is in communication with the explosion-proof valves 231 of the battery cells 230 through the smoke inlet holes 11.

[0069] The CCS integrated busbar 240 includes an information acquisition circuit board 241, a busbar 242, and a voltage acquisition sheet 243. The information acquisition circuit board 241 and the busbar 242 are arranged above the liquid cooling plate 100, and the positive electrode 232 and the negative electrode 233 of each battery cell 230 protrude upward through the electrode avoiding hole 130 on the liquid cooling plate 100. The busbar 242 is electrically connected with the positive electrode 232 and the negative electrode 233 of each battery cell 230, and the battery cells 230 are connected in series. The voltage acquisition sheet 243 is electrically connected with the information acquisition circuit board 241 and the busbar 242, so as to acquire the voltage data of each battery cell 230.

[0070] In the embodiment, the liquid cooling plate 100 is the liquid cooling plate 100 in Embodiment Two, and in other embodiments, the liquid cooling plate 100 in Embodiment One can also be used.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 11, the liquid cooling connector 111 on the liquid cooling plate 100 extends to the outside of the module box 210 and is connected with the battery cooling system. When the battery module 200 is charging or discharging, the battery cooling system supplies cooling liquid to the liquid cooling plate 100 to cool the electromagnetic module. When thermal runaway occurs in a battery cell in the battery module 200, the high-temperature flue gas of the valve of the battery cell is guided to the outside of the module box to avoid affecting the adjacent battery cell.

[0072] The embodiment also provides a battery system having at least one battery module as described above.

[0073] Embodiment Four.

[0074] FIG. 15 shows an electric vehicle in Embodiment Four.

[0075] The electric vehicle includes a battery system 300, and the battery system 300 contains at least one battery module 200 in Embodiment Three. The electric vehicle can be an engineering machine such as a loader, a excavator, etc., or a road vehicle such as a truck, a bus, etc.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 15, the battery system 300 is electrically connected with the motor 500 through the controller 400, and provides driving power for the motor 500.

[0077] In the present application, the flue 120 is integrated in the liquid cooling plate 100, so that the whole structure is simple and convenient to arrange and install.

Claims

1. A liquid cooling plate in a quadrilateral shape, provided with a liquid cooling flow channel and a flue inside, provided with a cooling liquid inlet and outlet corresponding to two ends of the liquid cooling flow channel and a smoke exhaust port corresponding to the flue on the top surface of the liquid cooling plate, and provided with a plurality of smoke inlet holes corresponding to the flue on the bottom surface of the liquid cooling plate.

2. The liquid cold plate of claim 1, wherein, The liquid cooling plate comprises a base plate, a flow channel structure plate sealed and connected to the base plate on the bottom surface, and a flue cover plate; the bottom surface of the flow channel structure plate is provided with a liquid cooling groove and a flue groove which together with the base plate form the liquid cooling flow channel and the flue; the cooling liquid inlet and outlet are arranged on the flow channel structure plate, and the smoke exhaust port is arranged on the flue cover plate.

3. The liquid cold plate of claim 1, wherein, The liquid cooling plate comprises a base plate, a flow channel structure plate sealed and connected to the base plate on the bottom surface, and a flue cover plate; the bottom surface of the flow channel structure plate is provided with a liquid cooling groove which together with the base plate forms the liquid cooling flow channel; the top surface of the flow channel structure plate is provided with a flue groove, and the flue cover plate is sealed and connected to the top surface of the flow channel structure plate and covers the groove opening of the flue groove; The smoke inlet holes are located at the bottom of the flue groove and penetrate through the base plate and the flow channel structure plate; the cooling liquid inlet and outlet are arranged on the flow channel structure plate, and the smoke exhaust port is arranged on the flue cover plate.

4. The liquid cold plate of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The smoke inlet holes are arranged in a column and longitudinally, each of the smoke inlet holes is provided with an electrode avoiding hole penetrating through the liquid cooling plate on both sides in the transverse direction, a liquid cooling groove is arranged between the column of adjacent electrode avoiding holes and the column of smoke inlet holes, and two adjacent liquid cooling grooves are connected to each other at one end of the grooves.

5. The liquid cold plate of claim 4, wherein, The liquid cooling groove has a liquid cooling groove protruding part protruding in the transverse direction towards the gap between the two adjacent electrode avoiding holes on the side close to the corresponding electrode avoiding hole.

6. The liquid cold plate of claim 5, wherein, The liquid cooling groove has a liquid cooling groove recessed part recessed in the transverse direction towards the liquid cooling groove protruding part on the side away from the liquid cooling groove protruding part.

7. The liquid cold plate of claim 4, wherein, There is more than one column of smoke inlet holes, the liquid cooling grooves are connected to each other at the ends, and the cooling liquid inlet and outlet are arranged at the two ends of the liquid cooling grooves connected to each other. 8.A battery module comprising a module box, a module box cover arranged on the module box, a plurality of battery cells arranged in the module box, and the liquid cooling plate of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the liquid cooling plate is arranged in the module box and located on the top of each battery cell, each smoke inlet hole of the liquid cooling plate corresponds to the explosion-proof valve of each battery cell, and each cooling liquid inlet and outlet and smoke exhaust port is connected with a joint extending to the outside of the module box. 9.A battery system comprising a plurality of battery modules of claim 8. 10.An electric vehicle comprising the battery system of claim 9 or a plurality of battery modules of claim 8.

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