Methods and apparatus for internet-of-things signal transmission in mobile communications
The proposed carrier wave transmission and backscattering methods improve IoT signal transmission in A-IoT systems, addressing interference and enhancing communication efficiency in 5G NR environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/110570
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-09
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
There is a need for improved IoT signal transmission methods in wireless communication systems, particularly in ambient IoT (A-IoT) inventory procedures, to address interference and enhance communication efficiency in environments like 5G NR.
Implementing methods involving carrier wave transmission and backscattering techniques for IoT devices, including single-tone and multi-tone waveforms, with power control and frequency resource management to optimize R2D and D2R transmissions.
Enhances IoT signal transmission efficiency and reduces interference between A-IoT and cellular systems, improving communication reliability and latency in various wireless networks.
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Figure CN2025110570_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR INTERNET-OF-THINGS SIGNAL TRANSMISSION IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application claiming the priority benefit of PCT Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 111140, filed 09 August 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to mobile communications and, more particularly, to Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission with respect to apparatus and IoT devices in mobile communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] Wireless communication systems may be widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may use multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies may include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G long-term evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.
[0006] Particularly, for ambient IoT (A-IoT) inventory, the inventory procedure may be triggered by the reader through a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission.
[0007] Accordingly, how to perform the A-IoT communication for the inventory procedure in the wireless communication environments such as 5G NR becomes an important issue for the newly developed wireless communication network.SUMMARY
[0008] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0009] One objective of the present disclosure is to propose schemes, concepts, designs, systems, methods, and apparatus pertaining to Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission with respect to apparatus (e.g., a reader and / or an emitter) , network node, and IoT device in mobile communications. It is believed that the above-described issue would be avoided or otherwise alleviated by implementing one or more of the proposed schemes described herein.
[0010] In one aspect, a method may involve an apparatus transmitting a carrier wave (CW) to an IoT device. The CW may comprise a single-tone waveform or a multi-tone waveform. The method may also involve the apparatus receiving a backscattered signal from the IoT device, wherein the backscattered signal is generated based on CW.
[0011] In another aspect, a method may involve a reader transmitting a control information for a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission and a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission to an IoT device. The control information may comprise an R2D reception information and a D2R scheduling information. The method may also involve the reader receiving a backscattered signal from the IoT device according to the control information.
[0012] In another aspect, a method may involve a reader transmitting a paging message to at least one IoT device. The method may also involve the reader receiving a backscattered signal in response to the paging message from the at least one IoT device.
[0013] In another aspect, a method may involve an IoT device transmitting an energy status report to a reader. The method may also involve the IoT device transmitting a backscattered signal to the reader according to the energy status report.
[0014] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as 5th Generation System (5GS) and 4G EPS mobile networking, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of wireless and wired communication technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Ethernet, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) , E-UTRAN, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, IoT, Industrial IoT (IIoT) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , 6th Generation (6G) , and any future-developed networking technologies. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0017] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example scenario for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example scenario for a frequency resource indication in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for a frequency resource indication in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for a frequency resource indication in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting another example scenario for an inventory indication with the same or different session flags in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 14 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0030] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0031] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to Internet of Things (IoT) signal transmission with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0032] FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario 100 of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. Scenario 100 involves a UE 110 in wireless communication with a network 120 (e.g., a wireless network including an NTN and a TN) via a terrestrial network node 125 (e.g., an evolved Node-B (eNB) , a Next Generation Node-B (gNB) , or a transmission / reception point (TRP) ) and / or a non-terrestrial network node 128 (e.g., a satellite) . For example, the terrestrial network node 125 and / or the non-terrestrial network node 128 may form a non-terrestrial network (NTN) serving cell for wireless communication with the UE 110. In some implementations, the UE 110 may be an IoT device such as an NB-IoT UE or an enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UE (e.g., a bandwidth reduced low complexity (BL) UE or a coverage enhancement (CE) UE) . In such a communication environment, the UE 110, the network 120, the terrestrial network node 125, and the non-terrestrial network node 128 may implement various schemes pertaining to improved IoT signal transmission procedures in accordance with the present disclosure, as described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations, some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0033] According to the implementations of the present disclosure, an IoT system (e.g., an ambient IoT (A-IoT) system) may be deployed in-band, in guard band, and / or standalone with a legacy cellular system. According to the implementations of the present disclosure, the interference issue between the A-IoT system and the cellular system can be handled. Specifically, an A-IoT system may at least comprise a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission (i.e., the transmission from the reader to the IoT device) and a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission (i.e., the transmission from the IoT device to the reader) . In addition, if the D2R transmission is based on the backscattering of a carrier wave (CW) , there may be a CW emitter-to-device (CW2R) transmission. In some implementations, the CW emitter may be the reader (e.g., reader of FIG. 3 and reader of FIG. 5) . In some implementations, the CW emitter may be another device different from the reader (e.g., the emitter of FIG. 2 and the emitter of FIG. 4) . According to the implementations of the present disclosure, a power control method is designed to determine the transmission power of the CW2D transmission and / or R2D transmission.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 200 involves an emitter, an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 2, the A-IoT topology may comprise a network node (i.e., a reader of IoT communication) and an A-IoT device. In addition, there may be an emitter (or carrier wave (CW) emitter) to provide a CW to the A-IoT device.
[0035] The network node may transmit an A-IoT downlink (DL) (or forward link) signal to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device may transmit an A-IoT uplink (UL) (or backward link) signal to the network node via the backscattering. The backscattering may be performed based on the CW provided by the emitter. The A-IoT DL signal transmitted to the A-IoT device may be used to communicate with the A-IoT device or to provide scheduling to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device may use the CW for backscattering. Specifically, the A-IoT device may modulate the CW with its data.
[0036] As shown in FIG. 2, there may be a communication link between the network node and the emitter. The communication link may be a wired link or a wireless link for delivering signaling between the network node and the emitter. The network node may transmit the scheduling or control information for the CW provision through the communication link. For example, the network node may transmit the signaling (e.g., scheduling or control information) to the emitter through the Uu interface (i.e., the communication link) for scheduling the resource and power for the CW transmission.
[0037] FIG. 3 illustrates another example scenario 300 for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 300 involves an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 3, the A-IoT topology may comprise a network node (i.e., a reader of IoT communication) and an A-IoT device. In addition, in this A-IoT topology, the network node may provide a CW to the A-IoT device (i.e., the network node comprises the emitter function) .
[0038] As shown in FIG. 3, the network node may transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device may transmit an A-IoT UL signal to the network node via backscattering. The backscattering may be performed based on the incoming CW provided by the network node. The A-IoT DL signal transmitted to the A-IoT device may comprise the information or commands for the A-IoT device. The network node may transmit the CW to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device may reflect the incident CW from the network node. Specifically, the A-IoT device may add its own information (e.g., varying the reflection properties of its antenna / circuity, effectively modulating the signal) or data onto the CW, and transmit the CW to the network node by backscattering. The network node may receive the backscattered signal from the A-IoT device, i.e., the A-IoT UL signal which may contain the data from the A-IoT device.
[0039] FIG. 4 illustrates another example scenario 400 for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 400 involves a reader (e.g., a UE or a UE reader) , an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) , an emitter (e.g., a CW emitter or a UE emitter) and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 4, the A-IoT topology may comprise a network node, a UE reader, and an A-IoT device. In addition, a UE emitter may be configured to provide the CW to the A-IoT device.
[0040] Referring to FIG. 4, the network node may transmit a signal to the UE reader via the Uu interface. The signal may comprise the scheduling information for the behavior of the UE reader. For example, the network node may schedule the resource for the UE reader to transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device. The scheduling may be performed via higher-layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) ) or layer 1 (L1) signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) ) . In an example, the network node may transmit a configuration to the UE reader to indicate a resource for the UE reader to transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the IoT device and receive an A-IoT UL signal from the A-IoT device via a higher-layer signaling or an L1 signaling.
[0041] The A-IoT device may modulate the CW with its own data by reflecting the CW and adjusting (or altering) its properties to encode the information of the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device may transmit an A-IoT UL signal back to the UE reader via the backscattering of the modulated CW. The UE reader may receive the A-IoT UL signal which contains the data from the A-IoT device.
[0042] The link between the network node and the UE emitter (e.g., wired or wireless) may be used for delivering the signaling between the network node and the UE emitter. The signaling between the network node and the UE emitter may comprise coordination for the provision of the CW to the A-IoT device, e.g., the resource allocation. The link between the UE reader and the UE emitter may be used for delivering the signaling between the UE reader and the UE emitter. The signaling between the UE reader and the UE emitter may coordinate the provision of the CW to the A-IoT device, e.g., the resource allocation.
[0043] FIG. 5 illustrates another example scenario 500 for an A-IoT topology in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 500 involves a reader (e.g., a UE or a UE reader) , an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) and a network node (e.g., a (macro / micro) base station) which may be a part of a wireless network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G / NR network, an IoT network or a 6G network) . Referring to FIG. 5, the A-IoT topology may comprise a network node, a UE reader, and an A-IoT device. In addition, in the A-IoT topology, the UE reader may provide a CW to the A-IoT device (i.e., the UE reader may comprise the emitter function) .
[0044] The network node may transmit a signal to the UE reader via the Uu interface to schedule the behavior of the UE reader. The scheduling signal may comprise the information about when the UE reader should transmit CW to the A-IoT device, when the UE reader should listen for the A-IoT UL signal from the A-IoT device, and when the UE reader should transmit the A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device. The UE reader may transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device. The transmission of the A-IoT DL signal can be based on the scheduling determined by the network node or based on a determination made by the UE reader itself. The A-IoT DL signal may comprise data or commands for the A-IoT device. Upon receiving the A-IoT DL signal, the A-IoT device may transmit an A-IoT UL signal back to the UE reader via backscattering of the CW which is provided by the UE reader. In backscattering communication, the A-IoT device may modulate the incident CW with its own data and reflect the modulated CW back towards the UE reader.
[0045] According to the implementations of the present disclosure, an apparatus (e.g., a CW emitter or a reader (e.g., the UE 110, the network 120, or the terrestrial network node 125) for different IoT topologies) may transmit a CW to an IoT device. Then, the apparatus may receive a backscattered signal from the IoT device. The CW (or the CW characteristic) may comprise a single-tone waveform (e.g., a sinusoid) or a multi-tone waveform. In an example, the single-tone waveform may comprise a single-tone waveform without frequency hopping. In another example, the single-tone waveform may comprise a single-tone waveform with frequency hopping. In addition, the multi-tone waveform may comprise a plurality of single-tone waveforms with a gap between each two adjacent tones. The backscattered signal may be generated based on the CW.
[0046] In some implementations of the present disclosure, in an event that the apparatus is a reader, the apparatus may transmit a configuration associated with the CW to the IoT device or an emitter (e.g., CW emitter) . The configuration may indicate at least one of a time domain resource associated with the CW (e.g., when the CW is transmitted or when the CW is not transmitted) , a transmission power associated with the CW, and a frequency domain resource associated with the CW (e.g., frequency location or frequency locations for a waveform (e.g., a waveform 1 (e.g., single-tone waveform) or a waveform 2 (e.g., multi-tone waveform) ) of the CW) .
[0047] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the frequency domain resource may comprise a frequency location of the CW. The frequency location may be indicated by an absolute value or an index of a channel. Specifically, in an event that the CW has a single-tone waveform with a frequency hopping, for the initial (or first) transmission (e.g., a paging) from the apparatus, the frequency location of the CW may be defined (or pre-defined) and / or configured (or pre-configured) in a default fixed location. One field in the reader-to-device (R2D) transmission may be used for indicating the frequency location of the following R2D transmission or R2D transmissions. In an example, the frequency location of the CW may be indicated by an absolute value (e.g., an absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN) ) . In another example, multiple channels or a frequency lattice may be defined (or pre-defined) and / or configured (or pre-configured) , and the frequency location of the CW may be indicated by the index of the channel. The indication for the frequency location can be used for one IoT device, a group of IoT devices, or all IoT devices.
[0048] In some implementations of the present disclosure, a gap between two tones (i.e., two adjacent tones) may be determined based on a transmission bandwidth (BW) of the D2R transmission and a channel coherence BW. The gap between multiple single-tones may be defined (or pre-defined) and / or configured (or pre-configured) . The gap between two adjacent single-tones may not be smaller than the coherence BW of the channel. In addition, the gap between two adjacent single-tones may not be smaller than the transmission BW (or spectrum characteristics) of the corresponding D2R transmission. In an example, in an event that Bcoherence is used to represent the coherence bandwidth of the channel, and Btx, D2R is used to represent the transmission bandwidth of the D2R transmission, the gap may be determined by Gap ≥ max {Bcoherence , Btx, D2R} .
[0049] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the configuration may comprise frequency hopping information. The frequency hopping information may comprise at least one channel index associated with the CW. Specifically, the R2D transmission may be performed in a manner of frequency hopping. An indicator in the R2D transmission may be used for indicating the frequency resource used for the current R2D transmission and / or next R2D transmission (s) . For example, the frequency resource may be divided into a channel set comprising multiple channels. Each channel may have a specific size (e.g., 180 or 200 kilohertz (kHz) ) and a channel index. The first (or initial) R2D transmission may be transmitted in a channel with a default channel index. The channel index used for non-initial R2D transmission (or transmissions) may be indicated in the previous R2D transmission. The channel index used for the D2R transmission may be determined by the channel index corresponding to the CW.
[0050] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the channel or tone used for D2R transmission may be determined by the channel or tone used for the CW transmission from the CW emitter. In an implementation, the CW emitter may be a reader, i.e., the reader comprises the emitter function (as shown in FIG. 6) .
[0051] In another implementation, the CW emitter may be independent from the reader (as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8) . In this implementation, the channel or tone used by the CW for CW transmission may be indicated by the reader. In an example, the reader may indicate one channel index or tone index used for one CW transmission each time to the CW emitter (as shown in FIG. 7) . In another example, the reader may indicate multiple channel indexes or tone indexes for multiple CW transmissions at one time to the CW emitter (as shown in FIG. 8) . The channel index or tone index used for a CW transmission may be the same or different from the channel index or tone index used for the prior CW transmission.
[0052] FIG. 6 illustrates another example scenario 600 for a frequency resource indication in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 600 involves a reader (e.g., a UE or a UE reader) comprising the emitter function and an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) . Referring to FIG. 6, the frequency domain resource may be divided into a defined (or pre-defined) channel set comprising multiple channels (e.g., channel #0 (CH#0) to channel #3 (CH#3) ) , and each channel may have a fixed size (e.g., 200 kHz) . Among the defined (or pre-defined) channel set, channel #0 (i.e., CH#0 in FIG. 6) may be defined (or pre-defined) as the default channel. The initial or first R2D transmission may be transmitted over channel #0 by default. A field in the R2D transmission (e.g., the first R2D transmission) may be used to indicate on which channel the next R2D (e.g., the second R2D transmission) will be transmitted. For example, the field may be {00, 01, 10, 11} to indicate the channel index of {channel #0, channel #1, channel #2, channel #3} , respectively. Referring to FIG. 6, the reader may transmit the first R2D transmission on the default channel (e.g., channel #0 (i.e., CH#0) ) to the IoT device. The first R2D transmission may indicate that the next R2D transmission (i.e., the second R2D transmission) will be transmitted on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . Then, the reader may transmit the CW on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . Therefore, the IoT device may perform the first D2R transmission on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . Then, the reader may transmit the second R2D transmission on channel #1. The second R2D transmission may indicate that the next R2D transmission (i.e., the third R2D transmission) will be transmitted on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . Then, the reader may transmit the CW on channel #3 (i.e., CH#3) . Therefore, the IoT device may perform the second D2R transmission on channel #3 (i.e., CH#3) .
[0053] FIG. 7 illustrates another example scenario 700 for a frequency resource indication in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 700 involves a reader (e.g., a UE or a UE reader) , a CW emitter, and an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) . Referring to FIG. 7, the reader may transmit the first R2D transmission on the default channel (e.g., channel #0 (i.e., CH#0) ) to the IoT device. The first R2D transmission may indicate that the next R2D transmission (i.e., the second R2D transmission) will be transmitted on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . In addition, the reader may indicate the channel index (channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) ) for the CW transmission (e.g., the first CW transmission) to the CW emitter. Therefore, the CW emitter may transmit the CW on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) to the IoT device, and the IoT device may perform the first D2R transmission on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . Then, the reader may transmit the second R2D transmission on channel #1. The second R2D transmission may indicate that the next R2D transmission (i.e., the third R2D transmission) will be transmitted on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . In addition, the reader may indicate the channel index (channel #3 (i.e., CH#3) ) for the CW transmission (e.g., the second CW transmission) to the CW emitter. Therefore, the CW emitter may transmit the CW on channel #3 (i.e., CH#3) to the IoT device, and the IoT device may perform the second D2R transmission on channel #3 (i.e., CH#3) .
[0054] FIG. 8 illustrates another example scenario 800 for a frequency resource indication in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Scenario 800 involves a reader (e.g., a UE or a UE reader) , a CW emitter, and an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) . Referring to FIG. 8, the reader may transmit the first R2D transmission on the default channel (e.g., channel #0 (i.e., CH#0) ) to the IoT device. The first R2D transmission may indicate that the next R2D transmission (i.e., the second R2D transmission) will be transmitted on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . In addition, the reader may indicate the channel indexes (channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) and channel #3 (i.e., CH#3) ) respectively for the CW transmissions (e.g., the first CW transmission and the second CW transmission) to the CW emitter. The CW emitter may perform the first CW transmission by transmitting the CW on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) to the IoT device according to the indication from the reader, and the IoT device may perform the first D2R transmission on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . Then, the reader may transmit the second R2D transmission on channel #1. The second R2D transmission may indicate that the next R2D transmission (i.e., the third R2D transmission) will be transmitted on channel #1 (i.e., CH#1) . The CW emitter may perform the second CW transmission by transmitting the CW on channel #3 (i.e., CH#3) to the IoT device according to the indication from the reader, and the IoT device may perform the second D2R transmission on channel #3 (i.e., CH#3) .
[0055] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the frequency hopping pattern may be defined. In an implementation, the frequency hopping pattern may be a random frequency hopping pattern. In this frequency hopping pattern, the channel used for R2D transmission may be randomly selected from the defined (or pre-defined) channel set. In another implementation, the frequency hopping pattern may be a pseudorandom frequency hopping. In this frequency hopping pattern, the channel used for R2D transmission may be determined through a pseudorandom sequence generator. In another implementation, the frequency hopping pattern may be determined according to the channel condition and interference level. For example, a worse channel condition for a large gap between the channel indexes may be determined for two adjacent R2D transmissions. In another implementation, the frequency hopping pattern may be hopped between predetermined frequencies at a specific interval or an interval window.
[0056] According to the implementations of the present disclosure, a reader (e.g., the UE 110, the network 120, or the terrestrial network node 125) may transmit control information for an R2D transmission and a D2R transmission to an IoT device. The control information may comprise R2D reception information and D2R scheduling information. The reader may receive a backscattered signal from the IoT device according to the control information.
[0057] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the R2D reception information may comprises at least one of an identifier (ID) associated with the IoT device, a group ID of an IoT device group, a time domain resource for the R2D transmission, a frequency domain resource for the R2D transmission, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information for the R2D transmission, a coding rate for the R2D transmission, a backscattering link frequency (BLF) for the R2D transmission, a transport block size (TBS) for the R2D transmission, a chip duration for the R2D transmission, a device type for the R2D transmission, a cast type for the R2D transmission, and a repetition information for the R2D transmission.
[0058] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the D2R scheduling information may comprise at least one of an ID associated with the IoT device, a group ID of an IoT device group, a time domain resource for the D2R transmission, a frequency domain resource for the D2R transmission, an MCS information for the D2R transmission, a coding rate for the D2R transmission, a BLF for the D2R transmission, a TBS for the D2R transmission, a chip duration for the D2R transmission, a device type for the D2R transmission, a cast type for the D2R transmission, and a repetition information for the R2D transmission.
[0059] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the control information comprises a TBS. The TBS may be determined according to at least one of a target coverage, a target data rate, an energy consumption, a resource, a device energy, a device duration, and a device buffer size. The IoT device may report its device availability (e.g., device energy, device duration, and device buffer size) to the reader. The TBS physical signaling, which can deliver and / or report the TBS from the physical layer to the MAC layer, may be determined according to at least one of the available resources, device available energy, availability duration, and device buffer size.
[0060] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the control information may be transmitted through a layer 1 (L1) signaling or a higher layer signaling, e.g., MAC-CE or RRC.
[0061] According to the implementations of the present disclosure, the reader (e.g., the UE 110, the network 120, or the terrestrial network node 125) may transmit a paging message to at least one IoT device. Then, the reader may receive a backscattered signal in response to the paging message from the at least one IoT device.
[0062] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the paging message may comprise an ID for an IoT device, a group ID for a group of IoT devices, a plurality of IDs for a plurality of IoT devices, or at least one session flag for at least one IoT device. Different session flags may indicate the same or different IoT devices. The IoT devices with the same or different session flags may be triggered sequentially or in parallel. In addition, in an implementation, different session flags indicate the same or different BLFs.
[0063] In some implementations of the present disclosure, different session flags may be defined (or pre-defined) and / or configured (or pre-configured) . Different session flags in R2D transmission may be used to indicate different inventories. In an example, the reader may trigger different inventories with the same or different session flags sequentially. That is, the next inventory may be triggered after the previous inventory procedure. In another example, the reader may trigger multiple inventories with the same or different sessions in parallel. That is, the next inventory may be triggered within the previous inventory procedure. In an implementation, the same or different BLFs may be indicated for different session flags. The BLF may be used to determine the backscattering frequency of the D2R transmission from the IoT device. The backscattering frequency may be indicated through the factor of line coding. For example, the factor may comprise the number of chips or the number of on-off pulses or the number of line codeword for delivering one information bit within a specific duration. The reader may determine (or distinguish) the session flag of the backscattered D2R transmission based on the different BLFs of the D2R transmission. In addition, the session flag may be carried in the D2R transmission.
[0064] FIG. 9 illustrates an example scenario 900 for an inventory indication with the same or different session flags in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 9, the first inventory (i.e., inventory #1) may be triggered by a first R2D transmission. A session flag #1 (i.e., SF#1) may be indicated by the first R2D transmission to indicate the inventory #1. The session flag #1 may indicate the BLF to determine the backscattering frequency associated with the inventory #1. The backscattering frequency associated with the inventory #1 may be indicated at frequency-1 (e.g., f1) . After an IoT device receives the first R2D transmission, the flags which are defined or pre-defined with the session flag #1 may be used in a D2R transmission at frequency-1. During the procedure of the inventory#1, the inventory #2 may be triggered by a second R2D transmission. A session flag #2 (i.e., SF#2) may be indicated in the second R2D transmission to indicate the inventory #2. The session flag #2 may indicate the BLF to determine the backscattering frequency associated with the inventory #2. The backscattering frequency associated with the inventory #2 may be indicated at frequency-2 (e.g., f2) . After an IoT device receives the second R2D transmission, the flags which are defined or predefined with the session flag #2 may be used in a D2R transmission at frequency-2. Similarly, during the procedures of the inventory #1 and the inventory #2, the inventory #3 may be triggered by a third R2D transmission. A session flag #1 may be indicated in the third R2D transmission to indicate the inventory #3. The session flag #1 may indicate the BLF to determine the backscattering frequency associated with the inventory #3. The backscattering link frequency associated with the inventory #3 may be indicated at frequency-3 (e.g., f3) . After an IoT device receives the third R2D transmission, the flags which are defined or pre-defined with the session flag #1 may be used in a D2R transmission at frequency-3.
[0065] According to the implementations of the present disclosure, an IoT device may transmit an energy status report to a reader (e.g., the UE 110, the network 120, or the terrestrial network node 125) . In addition, the IoT device may transmit a backscattered signal to the reader according to the energy status report.
[0066] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the energy status report may comprise a one-bit or multiple-bits energy status indication. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the energy status report indicates at least one of a remaining power level of the IoT device, an energy state of the IoT device, a cryptographic result of the IoT device, a deliverable maximum TBS or TBS range of the IoT device, and a power consumption level of the IoT device. In addition, in some implementations of the present disclosure, the energy state may comprise an on state, a sleep state, and an off state. In an example, the energy state may be transferred from the on state to the sleep state or the off state based on the remaining power level of the IoT device. In another example, the energy state may be transferred from the off state to the on state based on the remaining power level of the IoT device. In another example, the energy state may be transferred from the sleep state to the on state based on a clock counting of the IoT device.
[0067] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the power level of the IoT device may be indicated in the R2D transmission. Different power levels may be defined (or pre-defined) and / or configured (or pre-configured) . For example, two power levels may be used to indicate whether the remaining power of the IoT device is sufficient or not. In another example, multiple power levels may be used to indicate the remaining power of the IoT device through a bitmap.
[0068] In some implementations of the present disclosure, different priorities may be used to prioritize the inventory of one or multiple IoT devices. The priority may be determined based on a device characteristic. The device characteristic may comprise the remaining power level of the IoT device, the state of the IoT device (e.g., ON state, SLEEP state, or OFF state) , the device cryptographic results, and the device power consumption level. For example, for the IoT device with a lower remaining power level and / or a higher power consumption level, a higher priority may be allocated to the IoT device for the response in the D2R transmission. For the IoT device allocated with a higher priority, a smaller range may be used to generate the slot index for the corresponding D2R transmission.
[0069] In some implementations of the present disclosure, during one inventory procedure, the IoT device may have a retransmission. The retransmission may occur during the current inventory procedure. The IoT device may regenerate a slot counter for determining the D2R transmission timing. The range of the regenerated slot counter may be within (N1, N2) . N1 may be determined as the slot index where the IoT device decides to regenerate a slot counter, and N2 may be the slot index to determine the maximum slot counter. N2 may be determined by 2Q-1, where Q may be indicated by the corresponding R2D transmission.
[0070] In some implementations of the present disclosure, different energy states, the function of each energy state, and the situations for triggering the energy state transfers may be specified. For example, the ON state may be defined to indicate that the IoT device can perform transmission, reception, clock counting, and / or energy harvesting. The OFF-1 state may be defined to indicate that the IoT device cannot perform transmission, reception, or clock counting, but can perform energy harvesting. The OFF-2 state may be defined to indicate that the IoT device cannot perform transmission, reception, but can perform clock counting and energy harvesting. In an example, the state transfer from the ON state to the OFF-1 state and / or the OFF-2 state may be triggered by the remaining energy level. For example, when the remaining energy level falls below a threshold, the IoT device may transfer from the ON state to the OFF-1 state and / or the OFF-2 state. In another example, the state transfer from the OFF-1 state to the ON state may be triggered by the remaining energy level. For example, when the remaining energy level is above a threshold, the IoT device may transfer from the OFF-1 state to the ON state. In another example, the state transfer from the OFF-2 state to the ON state may be triggered by the clock counting. For example, when the clock is counting to a specific duration, the IoT device may transfer from the OFF-2 state to the ON state.
[0071] In some implementations of the present disclosure, a preamble preceding each R2D and D2R transmission may be applied. In some implementations of the present disclosure, within a specific duration T, the first R2D and / or D2R transmission may be started with a preamble, and the following R2D and / or D2R transmission (or transmissions) may not need a preamble preceding the R2D and / or D2R transmission (or transmissions) .
[0072] In some implementations of the present disclosure, for the inventory procedure, the latency may be defined as the time interval between the time that the inventory request is sent from the network node (or intermediate UE) to an IoT device and the time that the inventory report is successfully received at network node (or intermediate UE) from the IoT device. The inventory request may refer to an IoT paging (e.g., an A-IoT paging) . The inventory report may refer to the device ID transmission.
[0073] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the IoT device may perform a timing correction based on the preamble and / or the line coding in the corresponding R2D transmission. Multiple residual sampling frequency offsets (SFOs) after the timing correction may be defined as a residual SFO set, e.g., {10, 20, 50, 100, 500} . The IoT device may report one value in the residual SFO set to the reader in the physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) transmission. Illustrative Implementations
[0074] FIG. 10 illustrates an example communication system 1000 having at least an example communication apparatus 1010 and an example network apparatus 1020 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of communication apparatus 1010 and network apparatus 1020 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to IoT signal transmission, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes and methods described above and with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications, including scenarios / schemes described above as well as process 1100, process 1200, process 1300 and process 1400 described below.
[0075] Communication apparatus 1010 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a UE such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 1010 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, an electronic control unit (ECU) in a vehicle, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Communication apparatus 1010 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT, NB-IoT, eMTC, IIoT UE such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a roadside unit (RSU) , a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 1010 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. Alternatively, communication apparatus 1010 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. Communication apparatus 1010 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 10 such as a processor 1012, for example. Communication apparatus 1010 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed schemes of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of communication apparatus 1010 are neither shown in FIG. 10 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0076] Network apparatus 1020 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a network node such as a satellite, a BS, a small cell, a router or a gateway of an IoT network. For instance, network apparatus 1020 may be implemented in a satellite or an eNB / gNB / TRP in a 4G / 5G / B5G / 6G, NR, IoT, NB-IoT or IIoT network. Alternatively, network apparatus 1020 may be implemented in the form of one or more IC chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more RISC or CISC processors. Network apparatus 1020 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 10 such as a processor 1022, for example. Network apparatus 1020 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of network apparatus 1020 are neither shown in FIG. 10 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0077] In one aspect, each of processor 1012 and processor 1022 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 1012 and processor 1022, each of processor 1012 and processor 1022 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 1012 and processor 1022 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 1012 and processor 1022 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks, including IoT signal transmission, in a device (e.g., as represented by communication apparatus 1010) and a network node (e.g., as represented by network apparatus 1020) in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0078] In some implementations, communication apparatus 1010 may also include a transceiver 1016 coupled to processor 1012 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 1016 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs and / or wireless networks of different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some implementations, transceiver 1016 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 1016 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. In some implementations, network apparatus 1020 may also include a transceiver 1026 coupled to processor 1022. Transceiver 1026 may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 1026 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs of different RATs. In some implementations, transceiver 1026 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 1026 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for MIMO wireless communications.
[0079] In some implementations, communication apparatus 1010 may further include a memory 1014 coupled to processor 1012 and capable of being accessed by processor 1012 and storing data therein. In some implementations, network apparatus 1020 may further include a memory 1024 coupled to processor 1022 and capable of being accessed by processor 1022 and storing data therein. Each of memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0080] Each of communication apparatus 1010 and network apparatus 1020 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, descriptions of capabilities of communication apparatus 1010, as a UE, and network apparatus 1020, as a network node (e.g., TRP) , are provided below with process 1100, process 1200, process 1300, and process 1400. Illustrative Processes
[0081] FIG. 11 illustrates an example process 1100 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1100 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to IoT signal transmission with the present disclosure. Process 1100 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1100 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1110 and 1120. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1100 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1100 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 11 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1100 may be implemented by a CW emitter or any suitable reader apparatus (e.g., communication apparatus 1010 or network apparatus 1020) . Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1100 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1100 may begin at block 1110.
[0082] At block 1110, process 1100 may involve processor 1012 of communication apparatus 1010 transmitting, via transceiver 1016, a CW to an IoT device. The CW may comprise a single-tone waveform or a multi-tone waveform. Process 1100 may proceed from block 1110 to block 1120.
[0083] At block 1120, process 1100 may involve processor 1012 receiving, via transceiver 1016, a backscattered signal from the IoT device. The backscattered signal may be generated based on the CW.
[0084] In some implementations, a gap between two tones may be determined based on a D2R transmission BW and a channel coherence BW.
[0085] In some implementations, in an event that the apparatus is a reader, process 1100 may involve processor 1012 transmitting, via transceiver 1016, a configuration associated with the CW to the IoT device or an emitter.
[0086] In some implementations, the configuration may indicate at least one of a time domain resource associated with the CW, a transmission power associated with the CW, and a frequency domain resource associated with the CW.
[0087] In some implementations, the frequency domain resource may comprise a frequency location of the CW. The frequency location may be indicated by an absolute value or an index of a channel.
[0088] In some implementations, the configuration may comprise a frequency hopping information. The frequency hopping information may comprise at least one channel index associated with the CW.
[0089] FIG. 12 illustrates an example process 1200 in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1200 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to IoT signal transmission with the present disclosure. Process 1200 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1200 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1210 and 1220. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1200 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1200 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 12 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1200 may be implemented by any suitable reader apparatus (e.g., communication apparatus 1010 and or network apparatus 1020) . Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1200 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1200 may begin at block 1210.
[0090] At block 1210, process 1200 may involve processor 1012 of communication apparatus 1010 transmitting, via transceiver 1016, a control information for an R2D transmission and a D2R transmission to an IoT device. The control information may comprise an R2D reception information and a D2R scheduling information. Process 1200 may proceed from block 1210 to block 1220.
[0091] At block 1220, process 1200 may involve processor 1012 receiving, via transceiver 1016, a backscattered signal from the IoT device according to the control information.
[0092] In some implementations, the R2D reception information may comprise at least one of an ID associated with the IoT device, a group ID of an IoT device group, a time domain resource for the R2D transmission, a frequency domain resource for the R2D transmission, an MCS information for the R2D transmission, a coding rate for the R2D transmission, a BLF for the R2D transmission, a TBS for the R2D transmission, a chip duration for the R2D transmission, a device type for the R2D transmission, a cast type for the R2D transmission, and a repetition information for the R2D transmission.
[0093] In some implementations, the D2R scheduling information may comprise at least one of an ID associated with the IoT device, a group ID of an IoT device group, a time domain resource for the D2R transmission, a frequency domain resource for the D2R transmission, an MCS information for the D2R transmission, a coding rate for the D2R transmission, a BLF for the D2R transmission, a TBS for the D2R transmission, a chip duration for the D2R transmission, a device type for the D2R transmission, a cast type for the D2R transmission, and a repetition information for the R2D transmission.
[0094] In some implementations, the control information may comprise a TBS. The TBS may be determined according to at least one of a target coverage, a target data rate, an energy consumption, a resource, a device energy, a device duration, and a device buffer size.
[0095] In some implementations, the control information is transmitted through an L1 signaling or a higher layer signaling.
[0096] FIG. 13 illustrates an example process 1300 in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1300 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to IoT signal transmission with the present disclosure. Process 1300 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1300 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1310 and 1320. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1300 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1300 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 13 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1300 may be implemented by any suitable reader apparatus (e.g., communication apparatus 1010 and or network apparatus 1020) . Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1300 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1300 may begin at block 1310.
[0097] At block 1310, process 1300 may involve processor 1012 of communication apparatus 1010 transmitting, via transceiver 1016, a paging message to at least one IoT device. Process 1300 may proceed from block 1310 to block 1320.
[0098] At block 1320, process 1300 may involve processor 1012 receiving, via transceiver 1016, a backscattered signal in response to the paging message from the at least one of IoT device.
[0099] In some implementations, the paging message may comprise an ID for an IoT device, a group ID for a group of IoT devices, a plurality of IDs for a plurality of IoT devices, or at least one session flag for the at least one IoT device.
[0100] In some implementations, different session flags may indicate same or different IoT devices.
[0101] In some implementations, the IoT devices with different session flags may be triggered sequentially or in parallel.
[0102] In some implementations, different session flags may indicate same or different BLFs.
[0103] FIG. 14 illustrates an example process 1400 in accordance with another implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1400 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to IoT signal transmission with the present disclosure. Process 1400 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1400 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1410 and 1420. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1400 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1400 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 14 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1400 may be implemented by communication apparatus 1010 or any suitable IoT device. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1400 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1400 may begin at block 1410.
[0104] At block 1410, process 1400 may involve processor 1012 of communication apparatus 1010 transmitting, via transceiver 1016, an energy status report to a reader. Process 1400 may proceed from block 1410 to block 1420.
[0105] At block 1420, process 1400 may involve processor 1012 transmitting, via transceiver 1016, a backscattered signal to the reader according to the energy status report.
[0106] In some implementations, the energy status report may comprise a one-bit or multiple-bits energy status indication.
[0107] In some implementations, the energy status report may indicate at least one of a remaining power level of the IoT device, an energy state of the IoT device, a cryptographic result of the IoT device, and a power consumption level of the IoT device.
[0108] In some implementations, the energy state may comprise an on state, a sleep state, and an off state. The energy state may be transferred from the on state to the sleep state or the off state based on the remaining power level of the IoT device. The energy state may be transferred from the off state to the on state based on the remaining power level of the IoT device. The energy state may be transferred from the sleep state to the on state based on a clock counting of the IoT device. Additional Notes
[0109] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0110] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0111] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0112] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:transmitting, by a processor of an apparatus, a carrier wave (CW) to an Internet of Things (IoT) device, wherein the CW comprises a single-tone waveform or a multi-tone waveform; andreceiving, by the processor, a backscattered signal from the IoT device, wherein the backscattered signal is generated based on the CW.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein a gap between two tones is determined based on a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission bandwidth (BW) and a channel coherence BW.3.The method of Claim 1, wherein in an event that the apparatus is a reader, the method further comprises:transmitting, by the processor, a configuration associated with the CW to the IoT device or an emitter.4.The method of Claim 3, wherein the configuration indicates at least one of a time domain resource associated with the CW, a transmission power associated with the CW, and a frequency domain resource associated with the CW.5.The method of Claim 4, wherein the frequency domain resource comprises a frequency location of the CW, and wherein the frequency location is indicated by an absolute value or an index of a channel.6.The method of Claim 3, wherein the configuration comprises a frequency hopping information, and wherein the frequency hopping information comprises at least one channel index associated with the CW.7.A method, comprising:transmitting, by a processor of a reader, a control information for a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission and a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission to an Internet of Things (IoT) device, wherein the control information comprises an R2D reception information and a D2R scheduling information; andreceiving, by the processor, a backscattered signal from the IoT device according to the control information.8.The method of Claim 7, wherein the R2D reception information comprises at least one of an identifier (ID) associated with the IoT device, a group ID of an IoT device group, a time domain resource for the R2D transmission, a frequency domain resource for the R2D transmission, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information for the R2D transmission, a coding rate for the R2D transmission, a backscattering link frequency (BLF) for the R2D transmission, a transport block size (TBS) for the R2D transmission, a chip duration for the R2D transmission, a device type for the R2D transmission, a cast type for the R2D transmission, and a repetition information for the R2D transmission.9.The method of Claim 7, wherein the D2R scheduling information comprises at least one of an identifier (ID) associated with the IoT device, a group ID of an IoT device group, a time domain resource for the D2R transmission, a frequency domain resource for the D2R transmission, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information for the D2R transmission, a coding rate for the D2R transmission, a backscattering link frequency (BLF) for the D2R transmission, a transport block size (TBS) for the D2R transmission, a chip duration for the D2R transmission, a device type for the D2R transmission, a cast type for the D2R transmission, and a repetition information for the R2D transmission.10.The method of Claim 7, wherein the control information comprises a transport block size (TBS) , and wherein the TBS is determined according to at least one of a target coverage, a target data rate, an energy consumption, a resource, a device energy, a device duration, and a device buffer size.11.The method of Claim 7, wherein the control information is transmitted through a layer 1 (L1) signaling or a higher layer signaling.12.A method, comprising:transmitting, by a processor of a reader, a paging message to at least one Internet of Things (IoT) device; andreceiving, by the processor, a backscattered signal in response to the paging message from the at least one IoT device.13.The method of Claim 12, wherein the paging message comprises an identifier (ID) for an IoT device, a group ID for a group of IoT devices, a plurality of IDs for a plurality of IoT devices, or at least one session flag for the at least one IoT device.14.The method of Claim 12, wherein different session flags indicate same or different IoT devices.15.The method of Claim 14, wherein the IoT devices with different session flags are triggered sequentially or in parallel.16.The method of Claim 12, wherein different session flags indicate same or different backscattering link frequencies (BLFs) .17.A method, comprising:transmitting, by a processor of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an energy status report to a reader; andtransmitting, by the processor, a backscattered signal to the reader according to the energy status report.18.The method of Claim 17, wherein the energy status report comprises a one-bit or multiple-bits energy status indication.19.The method of Claim 17, wherein the energy status report indicates at least one of a remaining power level of the IoT device, an energy state of the IoT device, a cryptographic result of the IoT device, and a power consumption level of the IoT device.20.The method of Claim 19, wherein the energy state comprises an on state, a sleep state, and an off state, and wherein the energy state is transferred from the on state to the sleep state or the off state based on the remaining power level of the IoT device, the energy state is transferred from the off state to the on state based on the remaining power level of the IoT device, and the energy state is transferred from the sleep state to the on state based on a clock counting of the IoT device.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Positioning method and device and communication equipment
CN118055360A