Modular saturation and dissolution system for controlled generation of nanobubbles in fluid

Abstract

The present invention patent application relates to a modular saturation and dissolution system (1) for controlled generation of nanobubbles in fluid, applicable in the fields of water treatment, biotechnology, medicine, and industrial and environmental processes. The present invention comprises a modular structure (2) configured with multiple flow modulation barriers (22), (23) and (24) and microfluidic devices (25A), (25B) and (25C) provided with micromillimetric perforations (P1), (P2) and (P3) and / or grooves (R1), (R2) and (R3), which allow precise control of the generation and distribution of nanobubbles in different stages of the process. The saturation and dissolution system (1) includes a cylindrical casing (7) that houses the nanobubble generation chamber (10) and incorporates a gas introduction and diffusion device (13) having perforated and / or grooved surfaces (16) and (16A), facilitating the uniform dispersion of the gas in the fluid. The present invention promotes greater efficiency in the dissolution of gases, eliminating the need for movable components such as rotors or stators, and the use of chemical additives, providing a versatile and sustainable solution with the flexibility to be applied in a variety of industrial and operational configurations, ensuring greater efficiency in treatment processes and an increase in the contact area in order to optimize gas dissolution rates.

Description

[0001] Modular Saturation and Dissolution System for Controlled Generation of Nanobubbles in Fluid

[0002] BRIEF PRESENTATION

[0003]

[0001] This patent application relates to a modular saturation and dissolution system for the controlled generation of nanobubbles in fluids, whose highlight is its modular configuration with multiple flow modulation barriers and microfluidic devices equipped with micromillimeter perforations and / or grooves of different geometries. The present invention allows precise control of cavitation, shear, turbulence processes, and the generation and distribution of nanobubbles in fluids, adjusting parameters such as liquid flow rate, gas pressure, and dimensions of the perforations and / or grooves to optimize the process. In this way, the present invention, now claimed, promotes greater efficiency in mixing processes, raising saturation and dissolution standards above normal temperature and pressure conditions.

[0004] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0005]

[0002] The invention described in this patent application is geared towards the field of fluid mixing and treatment systems, with broad application in systems where efficiency and effectiveness are limited by conventional dissolution and saturation limits. The present system has the potential to revolutionize industrial and treatment processes, increasing efficiency and effectiveness in various sectors, including, but not limited to: industrial processes, oil and gas industry, manufacturing industry, mining, medicine, wastewater and polluted water treatment, agriculture, food industry, fish farming, disinfection, water industry, dairy, beverages, ethanol and sugar production, refrigeration industry, personal hygiene, cosmetics, cleaning products, oils and related products, environmental remediation, industrial cleaning, water reuse and effluent treatment, pulp and paper chain, and the aeration and dissolved oxygen enhancement industry.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION.

[0006]

[0003] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fluid mixing and treatment systems, with emphasis on the generation and control of nanobubbles for various industrial, environmental, and health applications. In a general context, nanobubble technology has been explored due to its ability to improve the efficiency of gas dissolution processes in liquids, which is crucial in areas such as water treatment, biotechnology, medicine, and industrial processes. Conventionally, saturation and dissolution methods face substantial limitations, especially regarding the ability to generate and maintain nanobubbles in a stable and effective manner. Conventional solutions often fail to overcome saturation and dissolution barriers, resulting in limited efficiency and restricting the scope of possible applications.The challenges mentioned highlight the need for technological advancements that can expand the capabilities of current systems and open up new possibilities in multiple fields of activity.

[0007] PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED

[0008]

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the limitation in the flow rate, generation, and maintenance of nanobubbles in fluids, which directly affects the efficiency of gas saturation and dissolution processes. These limitations are significant, given that in currently known methods and systems, the efficiency of gas dissolution in liquids is insufficient to meet the demands of industrial, environmental, and health processes. The limits of saturation and dissolution, and the inability to generate nanobubbles consistently and in a controlled manner, result in poor utilization of gases and liquids, restricting effectiveness in applications such as water treatment, aeration processes, biotechnology, and other sectors where the interaction between gas and liquid is crucial. The aforementioned limitation impacts the efficiency and effectiveness of processes, increasing operational costs, and limiting the potential for technological innovation in various industries.

[0009] CURRENT STATE OF THE ART

[0005] In the current state of the art, some nanobubble generation technologies have challenges related to generating concentrations greater than 1 billion particles smaller than 200 nanometers per milliliter in high-flow industrial generation systems. This generation limitation is the central aspect of the application of the present invention, as it is directly proportional to the technology's capacity regarding gas dissolution rates and the exponential increase in contact surface area.

[0010]

[0006] Document WO2013183891, published on 12 / 12 / 2013, refers to an ultrafine bubble generation device that uses the air lifting effect to diffuse contaminated water mixed with microbubbles along a reaction tank. Furthermore, a cavitation method is used, where the fluid is accelerated in order to generate more microbubbles using a small amount of energy. The generated microbubble portion comes into contact with the contaminated water on a smooth surface.

[0011]

[0007] Document WO2011013706, published on 03 / 02 / 2011, considers a microbubble generation device to allow the designed device to be installed in a location that meets functional requirements, typically at the bottom of a reaction tank. A microbubble generation device consists of a compressor for supplying pressurized gas.

[0008] The gas is admitted into a dispersion and bubble generation device to discharge the gas, which has been delivered under pressure, as microbubbles in the liquid.

[0009] The bubble generation medium consists of a high-density compound that is an electrically conductive substance. The microbubble generation device is also provided with a recirculation pump and a liquid jet device directed perpendicularly to the discharge direction of the generated microbubbles.

[0012]

[0010] Document US8186652, published on 05 / 29 / 2012, constitutes an apparatus constructed of a structure capable of generating fine air bubbles, comprising a body having an internal circular column-type space defined by an inner cylindrical surface and circular inner surfaces. At least one inner cylindrical section may be disposed within the internal space with direction outward from the inner cylindrical surface. A first fluid introduction section may inject the first fluid into a tubular space between the inner cylindrical surface and the inner cylindrical member in a circumferential direction. A second fluid introduction section and a gas and liquid mixture discharge port may be disposed on the inner circular surfaces, respectively.

[0011] The components of this equipment are static.

[0013]

[0012] Document BR112020012693-4, published on 11 / 24 / 2020, describes a nanomicro-bubble generator comprising: a housing in which a fluid flows in and out of; a plurality of rotors rotatably coupled to the interior of the housing; and a plurality of stators fixed to the interior of the housing and alternately arranged with the plurality of rotors, wherein at least one of the rotors and stators has a mesh-like structure in which a plurality of fluid flow passages are arranged in a lattice format, and the rotors and stators are arranged to be adjacent to each other so as to generate collision, friction, and cavitation due to the rotation of the rotors in the fluid flowing through the flow passages, thereby generating at least one of nanobubbles and microbubbles in the fluid.

[0014]

[0013] Document BR 112016006226-4, published on 01 / 08 / 2017, refers to a nanobubble generator that includes an inlet flow portion to receive a liquid source solution, a series of at least two cavitation zones and planes, disc-like, sequential shear elements to treat the liquid source solution and produce the liquid solution containing nanobubbles, and an outlet flow portion to release the liquid solution containing nanobubbles. The concentration of nanobubbles generated by the technology is between 113 million particles per 38 milliliter and 514 million particles per milliliter.

[0015]

[0014] Document BR 112018077357-3, published on 07 / 16 / 2019, describes a nanobubble generator comprising a nanobubble generation nozzle characterized by a part for introducing a mixed fluid of a liquid and a gas into its interior, a jetting part for feeding the mixed fluid containing gas nanobubbles, and a nanobubble generation structure part for generating gas nanobubbles between the introduction part and the jetting part. The nanobubble generation structure part comprises a plurality of flow paths having different cross-sectional areas through which the mixed liquid and gas fluid is passed, in an axial direction of the nanobubble generation nozzle. The concentration of nanobubbles generated by the technology is between 300 million particles per milliliter and 400 million particles per milliliter.

[0016]

[0015] Document BR 112021023417-9, published on 04 / 01 / 2022, refers to a fluid path member for generating nanobubbles, and a fluid path integrator and nanobubble generator. The fluid path member can be configured so that the perimeter length of a cross-section of a fluid path is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid path, thus maximizing friction area per fluid volume. Furthermore, the fluid path member can be configured so that a single fluid path is formed continuously for several tens of meters or more without a joint. Additionally, the fluid path member can be configured with a high density. Therefore, the fluid path member can have improved capacity to generate nanobubbles.

[0017]

[0016] Document BR 112022006815-8 9, published on 04 / 01 / 2022, employs friction through a frictional force on bubbles included in a liquid-gas mixed fluid; through a stator, atomization of the bubbles is induced. The system includes a chamber with inlet and outlet having an internal space configured with a plurality of protrusions simultaneously applying impact to the mixed fluid inside. It is also equipped with a transmission mechanism configured to rotate on its axis.

[0018]

[0017] Document BR 102016006081-8, published on 05 / 07 / 2022, comprises a system composed of a liquid reservoir; centrifugal pump; controlled pressurization device; water accumulation device with nanobubbles; pressure gauge; pneumatic valve and flow constriction device. It also describes a method for applying and generating nanobubbles, consisting of the steps of injecting liquid and injecting gas into the controlled pressurization device; mixing the liquid and gas; outlet of the liquid-gas mixture; and passage through the flow constriction device that generates the bubbles. The technology allows the generation of 1 billion particles per milliliter, but uses chemicals to adjust the surface tension to achieve this result. Without the use of surfactants, the technology generates hundreds of millions of particles per milliliter.

[0018] The present invention differs from the prior art documents mentioned by incorporating a modular saturation and dissolution system for controlled nanobubble generation that utilizes a unique combination of multiple flow modulation screens and microfluidic devices with micromillimeter perforations and / or grooves, optimizing the efficiency of the nanobubble generation process without the need for moving components such as rotors or stators, or the use of chemicals to adjust surface tension, as described in other documents.

[0019]

[0019] Compared to document WO2013183891, which uses cavitation and air lift effect to generate microbubbles in a reaction tank, the present invention promotes the generation of nanobubbles in a controlled environment through a modular screen system, allowing fine adjustments in the distribution and size of the bubbles, overcoming the saturation and dissolution limitations present in previous technologies.

[0020]

[0020] Unlike document WO2011013706, which focuses on microbubble devices installed at the bottom of tanks and uses dense, conductive components, the present invention is designed to be versatile and applicable in different configurations, without the need for fixed installation or high-density components.

[0021] US patent document US8186652 describes an apparatus with a static structure for generating fine air bubbles, using fluid introduction sections in a cylindrical internal space. In contrast, the present invention, described herein, offers dynamic and modular control of the nanobubble generation process, allowing its application in a wide range of industries without the limitations of a fixed structure.

[0022] Compared to BR112020012693-4, which relies on rotors and stators to generate nanobubbles through collision and cavitation within a mesh-like structure, the present invention aims to eliminate the need for such mechanical elements, using instead flux modulation screens to provide more efficient and controlled nanobubble generation.

[0021]

[0023] Document BR112016006226-4 uses cavitation zones and sequential shear planes to treat liquids, while the present invention is based on a modular solution with modulation screens, which allow the generation and precise control of nanobubbles at different stages, without the mechanical complexity or the need for multiple treatment zones.

[0022]

[0024] Document BR 112018077357-3 presents a nanobubble generator with flow paths that vary in cross-section, while the present invention differs by using multiple screens with perforations and grooves that modulate the flow and cavitation to optimize the generation of nanobubbles on a nanometric scale.

[0023]

[0025] BR112021023417-9 and BR112022006815-8 describe fluid path members and systems that generate nanobubbles through high friction density and internal protrusions to induce atomization. However, the present system avoids the need for such elements, using screens that dynamically adjust nanobubble generation through pressure and speed control, resulting in greater efficiency without the complexity associated with these devices.

[0024]

[0026] Finally, document BR102016006081-8 describes a nanobubble generation system that uses surfactants to adjust the surface tension of the liquid. In contrast, the system now claimed achieves high efficiency in nanobubble generation without the need for chemical additives, through the precise control provided by flow modulation screens and microfluidic devices.

[0025] OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0026]

[0027] The objective of the present invention is to provide a modular saturation and dissolution system capable of generating and maintaining nanobubbles in a controlled and efficient manner in fluids, overcoming the limitations of conventional methods regarding the saturation and dissolution of gases.

[0027]

[0028] Another objective of the present invention is to optimize the process of generating nanobubbles without the need for moving components, such as rotors and stators, or the use of chemical additives, ensuring greater efficiency and stability in the process of dissolving gases in liquids.

[0028]

[0029] The present invention also seeks to offer a versatile solution that allows the system to be applied in a wide range of industries, including water treatment, biotechnology, medicine, industrial processes, and environmental applications, improving the effectiveness and efficiency of existing processes.

[0029]

[0030] Furthermore, the invention aims to facilitate the dynamic and modular control of the nanobubble generation process, allowing for fine adjustments in bubble distribution and size, expanding application possibilities in different operational contexts without the mechanical complexity of traditional systems.

[0030]

[0031] Finally, the invention aims to expand current technological capabilities by generating concentrations exceeding 1 billion particles smaller than 200 nanometers per milliliter, meeting the demands of high-flow industrial systems and increasing the contact surface to improve gas dissolution rates.

[0031] OF THE INVENTION

[0032]

[0032] The present invention solves the problem of limitations in the generation and maintenance of nanobubbles in fluids, which directly affects the efficiency of gas saturation and dissolution processes in various industries. The present invention is configured by a modular saturation and dissolution system that utilizes multiple flow modulation barriers and microfluidic devices with micromillimeter perforations and grooves, allowing precise and efficient control in nanobubble generation. The present invention promotes greater efficiency in gas dissolution, eliminating the need for mobile components or chemical additives, and offers a versatile solution applicable to a wide range of sectors, including water treatment, biotechnology, medicine, and industrial processes. Furthermore, the invention facilitates the dynamic adjustment of the concentration, distribution, and size of nanobubbles, increasing effectiveness and applicability in different operational contexts.

[0033] ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0034]

[0033] The present invention offers the following advantages: Promotes the controlled and efficient generation of nanobubbles in fluids, overcoming the limitations of conventional gas saturation and dissolution systems; Utilizes a modular system with multiple flow modulation barriers and microfluidic devices, allowing precise adjustment of nanobubble distribution and size; Eliminates the need for moving components such as rotors and stators, reducing mechanical complexity and maintenance costs; Facilitates application in a wide range of industries, including water treatment, biotechnology, medicine, industrial and environmental processes; Increases efficiency in gas dissolution, resulting in improved performance of industrial and environmental processes; Provides flexibility to adapt the system to different configurations and operational needs, improving effectiveness in various applications;It supports the generation of high concentrations of nanobubbles, meeting the demands of high-flow industrial systems, with the capacity to generate concentrations exceeding 10 billion particles smaller than 200 nanometers per milliliter.

[0035] DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0034] The following figures are presented to better explain the patent application in an illustrative and non-limiting manner:

[0036] Fig. 1: shows a perspective view of the modular saturation and dissolution system for controlled generation of nanobubbles in fluid;

[0037] Fig. 2: shows a perspective cutaway of the modular saturation and dissolution system for controlled generation of nanobubbles in fluid;

[0038] Fig. 3: shows a side view of the modular saturation and dissolution system for controlled generation of nanobubbles in fluid;

[0039] Fig. 4: shows an exploded perspective view of the modular saturation and dissolution system for controlled generation of nanobubbles in fluid;

[0040] Fig. 5: shows an exploded perspective view of the nanobubble generation chamber;

[0041] Fig. 6: shows a perspective view of the outlet structure with the gas diffuser.

[0042] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0043]

[0035] The MODULAR SATURATION AND DISSOLUTION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED GENERATION OF NANOBUBBLES IN FLUID consists of a saturation and dissolution system (1) configured by a modular structure (2) composed of a fluid intake connection (3) equipped with a flange (4) that couples to a pipe (5) through which the fluid is conducted into the saturation and dissolution system (1). The intake pipe (5) is coupled to a cylindrical casing (7), which is equipped with a pressure gauge (8A) for monitoring the internal pressure. Said cylindrical casing (7) has a flange (9) at its opposite end for subsequent connection. The cylindrical casing (7) is configured to house internally a nanobubble generation chamber (10).

[0036] The cylindrical casing (7) is fixed to an outlet structure (11), which is also fitted with a flange (12).Thus, the connection between the cylindrical casing (7) and the outlet structure (11) is ensured by the flange (9) and flange (12) at the corresponding ends.

[0037] The outlet structure (11) includes gas admission carried out by means of a gas introduction and diffusion device (13) configured by an inlet equipped with a connection spigot (14) for coupling with the gas source. The gas introduction and diffusion device (13) integrates a manometer (8B) and a gas diffuser (15) to facilitate the uniform dispersion of the gas, being designed with perforated surfaces (16) forming microfluidic devices (17), which are designed to optimize the distribution and diffusion of the gas inside the saturation and dissolution system (1), adjusting according to the screen diameter.Nevertheless, the gas diffuser (15) designed with perforated surfaces (16) forming microfluidic devices (17), facilitates hydrodynamic cavitation adjustments through pressure and velocity control and, consequently, shear and turbulence.

[0044]

[0038] In a second embodiment, the gas diffuser (15) is designed with grooved surfaces (16A) forming microfluidic devices (17A).

[0045]

[0039] The outlet structure (11) also has a pipe (18) fitted with a flange (19) at its opposite end, which pipe (18) allows the integration of the gas introduction and diffusion device (13) with a manometer (8B) for monitoring the gas pressure.

[0046]

[0040] The nanobubble generation chamber (10) is configured with an inlet flange (20) that has mounting rods (21) to ensure its fixation within the cylindrical enclosure (7). The inlet flange (20) is designed with a central passage orifice (O), aligned with a first flow modulation barrier (22) equipped with perforations (P1) at both ends, configuring microfluidic devices (25A), whose dimensions vary along the diameter of said flow modulation screen (22).

[0047]

[0041] However, in the nanobubble generation chamber (10) the first flow modulation barrier (22) equipped with perforations (P1) is overlaid by a second flow modulation barrier (23) equipped with perforations (P2) at both ends, configuring microfluidic devices (25B). The second flow modulation barrier (23) equipped with perforations (P2) at both ends is, additionally, overlaid by a third flow modulation barrier (24) equipped with perforations (P3) at both ends configuring microfluidic devices (25C), finalizing the gas distribution and mixing process.

[0048]

[0042] Furthermore, in a second embodiment, the first flow modulation barrier (22) can be configured with slots (R1), the second flow modulation barrier (23) can be fitted with slots (R2), while the third flow modulation barrier (24) can have slots (R3).

[0049]

[0043] Microfluidic devices (25A), (25B) and (25C) are configured with multiple holes and / or slots of millimeter sizes. In time, the geometry of these multiple millimeter-sized elements can vary, being cylindrical, conical or other shapes in the case of holes, and trapezoidal, square or rectangular for slot elements. The presence of multiple micromillimeter barriers increases the efficiency of the nanobubble generation process, providing a larger total surface area for gas-liquid interaction. Microfluidic devices (25A), (25B) and (25C) for nanobubble generation are constructed with different materials, depending on their end use, and range from engineering polymers such as PVDF, PE, through metal alloys such as various stainless steel alloys and carbon steel; to materials such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) or glass.Furthermore, these materials are compatible with the micro-fabrication of precise structures and machining on a millimeter scale.

[0050]

[0044] However, the assembly formed by the first flow modulation barrier (22), second flow modulation barrier (23) and third flow modulation barrier (24), is equipped with an outlet flange (26), which incorporates a structural spacing module (27), ensuring the structural integrity of the nanobubble generation chamber (10) of the saturation and dissolution system (1).

[0051]

[0045] Thus, the saturation and dissolution system (1), now claimed, is designed to generate high concentrations of nanobubbles on a scale smaller than 200 nanometers, offering precise control over the generation process.

[0052] FUNCTIONING

[0046] The controlled injection of gas performed by means of the gas introduction and diffusion device (13) is fundamental to ensure a uniform distribution in the microfluidic devices (25A) of the first flow modulation barrier (22) equipped with millimeter perforations (P1), in the microfluidic devices (25B) of the second flow modulation barrier (23) equipped with millimeter perforations (P2) and in the microfluidic devices (25C) of the third flow modulation barrier (24) equipped with millimeter perforations (P3).

[0053]

[0047] The liquid flows through the channels formed by the first flow modulation barrier (22) with perforations (P1), second flow modulation barrier (23) with perforations (P2) and third flow modulation barrier (24) with perforations (P3) encountering the microfluidic devices (25A), microfluidic devices (25B) and microfluidic devices (25C) present in each of the aforementioned screens. The gas is injected in a controlled manner into the microfluidic devices (25A), microfluidic devices (25B) and microfluidic devices (25C), ensuring that the controlled flow of the liquid optimizes the residence time of the nanobubbles, guaranteeing an efficient distribution of the gas and the proper formation of nanobubbles inside the nanobubble generation chamber (10) of the saturation and dissolution system (1).

[0054]

[0048] The injection of gas into microfluidic devices (25A), microfluidic devices (25B) and microfluidic devices (25C) creates favorable conditions for the formation of nanobubbles. The combination of fluid insertion pressure and variation in the size of the perforations (P1), (P2) and (P3) favors the nucleation and stabilization of nanobubbles.

[0055]

[0049] Nevertheless, the micro millimeter configuration of the perforations (P1), (P2) and (P3), as well as the grooves (R1), grooves (R2) and grooves (R3) present in the first, second and third barrier, according to the second embodiment of the invention, together with the liquid pressure, velocity and precise gas injection, allows the configuration of controlled cavitation conditions, a phenomenon that is crucial for the efficient generation of nanobubbles.

[0050] The nanobubble generation chamber (10) of the saturation and dissolution system (1) has a first flow modulation barrier (22) equipped with perforations (P1), a second flow modulation barrier (23) equipped with perforations (P2) and a third flow modulation barrier (24) equipped with perforations (P3), which are positioned in series along the fluid path.It is worth noting that the first flow modulation barrier (22), the second flow modulation barrier (23) and the third flow modulation barrier (24) include a matrix of perforations (P1), (P2) and (P3) and / or grooves (R1), (R2) and (R3) with controlled geometry and different open area in each matrix.

[0056]

[0051] Gas admission is carried out by means of the gas introduction and diffusion device (13) configured by an inlet equipped with a connection spigot (14) for coupling with the gas source. The gas introduction and diffusion device (13) is integrated with a manometer (8B) and a gas diffuser (15) to facilitate uniform gas dispersion, being designed with perforated surfaces (16) forming microfluidic devices (17), which are designed to optimize the distribution and diffusion of gas within the saturation and dissolution system (1), adjusting according to the diameter of the flow modulation barriers (22), (23) and (24). Nevertheless, the gas diffuser (15) designed with perforated surfaces (16) forming microfluidic devices (17), facilitates hydrodynamic cavitation adjustments by controlling pressure and velocities and, consequently, shear and turbulence.

[0057]

[0052] The fluid containing the gas is introduced into the nanobubble generation chamber (10) where the gas flow is directed to the first flow modulation barrier (22). In the first flow modulation barrier (22), the fluid encounters the perforations (P1) with the largest open area array. As the fluid passes through the perforations (P1), the high flow velocity and the geometry of the perforations (P1) create a localized pressure drop. This pressure drop induces cavitation, creating gas nanobubbles in the liquid. The generated nanobubbles are larger than the controlled cavitation settings (P1). The fluid then passes to the second flow modulation screen (23), where it encounters the perforations (P2) with a different configuration than the previous stages (P1), allowing the fluid to acquire an additional amount of gas as it passes through the perforations (P2).The flow velocity may vary slightly due to changes in cavitation patterns compared to the previous flow modulation barrier (22), but is still sufficient to maintain the cavitation process and nanobubble generation. The process is repeated in the second flow modulation barrier (23) and the third flow modulation barrier (24), where the open area is different from the previous one, allowing the fluid to acquire more gas and generate nanobubbles of decreasing size as it passes through these matrices. The pressure and velocity are different at each stage due to the different configurations adopted, but always sufficient to maintain the cavitation process and nanobubble generation.

[0053] After passing through the first flow modulation barrier (22), second flow modulation barrier (23) and third flow modulation barrier (24), which make up the different stages of controlled cavitation, the fluid loaded with nanobubbles is directed to the outlet structure (11) of the saturation and dissolution system (1), where it can be collected for use in various applications.

[0058]

[0054] In this configuration, the hydraulic effect of the fluid passing through the first flow modulation barrier (22), second flow modulation barrier (23) and third flow modulation barrier (24), results in the progressive generation of gas nanobubbles, with decreasing size, due to the variation in the geometry of the perforations (P1), (P2) and (P3), as well as the grooves (R1), (R2) and (R3).

[0059]

[0055] It is worth noting that the same process of generation, refinement, and stabilization of nanobubbles and flow control is also performed when the first flow modulation barrier (22) is equipped with slots (R1), the second flow modulation barrier (23) is equipped with slots (R2) and the third flow modulation barrier (24) is equipped with slots (R3).

[0060]

[0056] Furthermore, the variation of the perforated surfaces (16) forming microfluidic devices (17) and / or with grooved surfaces (16A) forming microfluidic devices (17A) of the gas diffuser (15), facilitate hydrodynamic cavitation adjustments through pressure and velocity control and, consequently, shear and turbulence.

[0061]

[0057] The size of the generated nanobubbles can be adjusted by controlling parameters such as liquid flow rate, gas pressure and the dimensions of the perforations (P1), (P2) and (P3), as well as the grooves (R1), (R2) and (R3). Furthermore, uniform distribution of nanobubbles can be achieved with appropriate construction of the saturation and dissolution system (1).

[0062]

[0058] In summary, the saturation and dissolution system (1) based on multiple flow modulation barriers, microfluidic devices and micromillimeter perforations and / or grooves with open area of ​​different geometries, represents a solution for the controlled generation of nanobubbles, offering advantages in terms of precise control, efficiency and applicability in a variety of fields.

[0063] OF THE INVENTION TESTS

[0064]

[0059] The flow rate of the saturation and dissolution system (1), now claimed, under test can reach up to 1 cubic meter per second. In four tests carried out, the capacity of the present technology to generate approximately 13 billion particles smaller than 200 nanometers per milliliter under this condition was proven, thus proving its capacity to generate nanobubbles an order of magnitude higher or 13 times above the most advanced conventional industrial nanobubble generation systems in the world.

[0065]

[0060] Dissolution and persistence of dissolved oxygen in the liquid medium can be observed in the table below:

[0066] Table 1, of the dissolution and permanence of dissolved oxygen in the liquid medium.

[0061] The high dissolution rate observed, above saturation under normal temperature and pressure conditions, allows the use of smaller gas sources, resulting in energy savings, a reduction in equipment size, and therefore proportionally decreasing gas waste to the atmosphere. Another important aspect is that maintaining concentrations above saturation standards under normal temperature and pressure conditions over time leads to more efficient and effective chemical reactions.

[0067] USE IN FLOTATION

[0068]

[0062] In flotation, the separation and ascent time of flocs was approximately 7 seconds compared to 30 to 40 seconds for conventional technologies. Another important aspect was the complete separation between the sludge and clarified phases, with no transition phase as expected in conventional systems. Regarding the use of chemicals, the tests carried out demonstrated savings of approximately 40% compared to conventional flotation systems. All of this affects everything from the size of the equipment and, consequently, its installation area, to the carbon cycle associated with the production, transport, and storage of chemicals. It also significantly affects water usage, radically reducing process water volumes.

[0069] USE IN AGRICULTURE

[0070]

[0063] The present invention was also tested in a soybean plantation, on approximately 4 hectares, within the irrigation system in two aspects: 1) Use of oxygen and nitrogen in the irrigation water. In this case, compared with area 1 base, without the use of the technology now proposed, the saturation and dissolution system (1), the production gain was approximately 15% to 40%.

[0071] 2) Use of ozone for disinfection. In this case, it was observed that ozone can be a substitute for pesticides.

[0072]

[0064] The benefits for the carbon and water cycles in this case are indisputable.

[0073] STABILITY OF NANOBUBBLES

[0074]

[0065] Another important aspect tested was the generation, concentration, and permanence of nanobubbles smaller than 200 nanometers in the medium. The work was carried out and audited independently by the Faculty of Public Health at USP.

[0075] Table 2 shows the concentration of nanobubbles under different conditions and observation times.

[0076]

[0066] The important field verification of the stability of nanobubbles predicted in the laboratory is a vital aspect for maintaining advanced saturation conditions over long periods. This characteristic is vital, for example, in the use of processes for maintaining aquatic life in polluted waters, as it becomes an alternative source of oxygen for the biological environment, providing greater conditions for survival and self-purification of the environment where it is applied.

[0077] GREEN TECHNOLOGY

[0078]

[0067] It is worth highlighting some already recognized characteristics of nanobubbles:

[0079] - Dissolution of gases exceeding saturation levels under normal temperature and pressure conditions;

[0080] - Increased surface area enhances reaction kinetics; - Improved efficiency of chemical reactions due to higher concentration and contact;

[0081] Proven stability lasting for days, making processes much more efficient and promoting long-term reactions when needed.

[0082]

[0068] It is important to emphasize that all these characteristics are amplified in direct proportion to the increase in the concentration of nanobubbles smaller than 200 nanometers. In this way, the saturation and dissolution system (1) with its high concentration of nanobubbles can be described as a technology that brings advantages to the environment; in this sense, we can make some considerations, namely:

[0083] • Its use in water and wastewater treatment systems, soil and groundwater remediation, and treatment of urban and surface water bodies;

[0084] • Its use in industrial processes reduces the consumption of water and chemicals;

[0085] • Due to high dissolution and increased saturation levels, the system promotes drastic savings in energy and chemicals, optimizing industrial processes and water and wastewater treatment systems;

[0086] • The exponential increase in contact surface area promoted by the high concentration of nanobubbles leads to more efficient and effective reactions, resulting in systems with greater treatability;

[0087] More efficient and effective reactions also promote a lower production of associated solid waste;

[0088] • It drastically reduces the use of water and carbon sources, directly affecting the associated degree of sustainability;

[0089] • Increased agricultural productivity by promoting reduced water use and smaller cultivated areas;

[0090] • Increased productivity in the fish farming industry by promoting lower use of air sources and smaller production areas.

Claims

CLAIMS 1) MODULAR SATURATION AND DISSOLUTION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED GENERATION OF NANOBUBBLES IN FLUID, consists of a system for generating nanobubbles by cavitation, comprising a modular structure (2), a nanobubble generation chamber (10) and a gas introduction and diffusion device (13), characterized by comprising a fluid inlet connection (3), equipped with a flange (4) for coupling to a pipe (5) that conducts the fluid into the saturation and dissolution system (1); a cylindrical casing (7) coupled to the pipe (5), configured to house the nanobubble generation chamber (10) internally, and equipped with a flange (9) at its opposite end for subsequent connection;a nanobubble generation chamber (10) configured with a first flow modulation barrier (22) equipped with perforations (P1) that configure microfluidic devices (25A), a second flow modulation barrier (23) equipped with perforations (P2) that configure microfluidic devices (25B), and a third flow modulation barrier (24) equipped with perforations (P3) that configure microfluidic devices (25C), arranged in series; an outlet structure (11) connected to the cylindrical casing (7) through corresponding flanges (9) and (12), and which includes a gas diffuser (15) with perforated surfaces (16) and microfluidic devices (17); having pressure monitoring by means of manometers (8A) and (8B) integrated into the cylindrical casing (7) and the gas introduction and diffusion device (13). 2) A MODULAR SATURATION AND DISSOLUTION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED GENERATION OF NANOBUBBLES IN FLUID, according to claim 1, is characterized by the flow modulation barriers (22), (23) and (24) being configured with grooves (R1), (R2) and (R3) forming microfluidic devices (25A), (25B) and (25C), the number of flow modulation barriers can be changed according to the needs of each application. 3) MODULAR SATURATION AND DISSOLUTION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED GENERATION OF NANOBUBBLES IN FLUID, according to claim 1, is characterized by the perforations (P1), (P2) and (P3) of the flow modulation barriers (22), (23) and (24) being configured with variable geometries, being selected from cylindrical, conical, trapezoidal, square or rectangular. 4) A MODULAR SATURATION AND DISSOLUTION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED GENERATION OF NANOBUBBLES IN FLUID, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the microfluidic devices (25A), (25B) and (25C) are made of materials selected from PVDF, PE, stainless steel alloys, carbon steel, PDMS or glass. 5) A MODULAR SATURATION AND DISSOLUTION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED GENERATION OF NANOBUBBLES IN FLUID, according to claim 1, is characterized by the gas diffuser (15) being configured with grooved surfaces (16A) configuring microfluidic devices (17A). 6) A MODULAR SATURATION AND DISSOLUTION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED GENERATION OF NANOBUBBLES IN FLUID, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the nanobubble generation chamber (10) includes a structural spacing module (27) integrated into the outlet flange (26). 7) MODULAR SATURATION AND DISSOLUTION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED GENERATION OF NANOBUBBLES IN FLUID, according to claims 1 and 5, is characterized by the gas diffuser (15) configured with perforated (16) or grooved (16A) surfaces, forming microfluidic devices (17) or (17A), directing the gas flow in the fluid before contact with the flow modulation screens (22), (23) and (24).

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