Microencapsulated phase change materials, composition and method for preparing the same
The use of a core-shell structure with polyurea polymer and inorganic fillers in PCM formulation improves flowability and thermal stability, resolving issues of stickiness and over-cooling in microencapsulated PCMs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/111633
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) face issues such as sticky lumps, over-cooling during solidification, and high weight loss, which affect their performance and stability.
A composition and method for preparing microencapsulated PCMs using a formulation comprising a core material, a polyurea polymer shell, and inorganic fillers like nano CaCO3 particles and CaCO3, with specific weight ratios, to enhance flowability and thermal stability.
The solution effectively addresses sticky lumps and over-cooling issues, maintaining thermal stability and reducing weight loss, resulting in improved PCM performance.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024111633-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024111633-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024111633-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
MICROENCAPSULATED PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS, COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAMEFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a microencapsulated phase change material, a composition and method for preparing the microencapsulated phase change material.BACKGROUND
[0002] Phase change materials (PCMs) are promising candidates for the storage of thermal energy and have attracted increasing attention in the construction area. PCMs can absorb or release the latent heat from / to the environment when the temperature reaches their melting points or freezing points. Therefore, PCMs are designed to reduce the energy consumption in construction applications.
[0003] Organic PCMs are widely used owing to their high latent heat capacity, less supercooling, excellent thermal stability, no corrosion and low cost. However, the main disadvantage of organic PCMs is flammability and oil leaking. Therefore, encapsulation is an effective way to avoid the above issues, and meanwhile, the shell structure could prevent the leaking of the liquid PCMs in the construction materials.
[0004] Isocyanates and organic amines can be successfully used to encapsulate PCM materials using one-pot synthesis routes. However, this solution still has several performance gaps: 1) sticky lump issues of the dried samples. After drying, the PCM microcapsules tend to stick together, which leads to poor flowability; 2) over-cooling issue during solidifying process; and 3) weight loss of the microcapsules is higher than 2.1%@105℃, 2h.
[0005] Hence there is still a need for unique microencapsulated phase change materials, compositions and methods for preparing microencapsulated phase change materials which can overcome the shortcomings as stated above.
[0006] We have surprisingly developed a unique microencapsulated phase change material, and a composition and method for preparing microencapsulated phase change materials by using a particularly designed formulation which can solve the above said shortcomings in manufacturing PCM microcapsules.SUMMARY
[0007] The present disclosure provides a unique composition for preparing microencapsulated phase change materials, and a method for preparing microencapsulated phase change materials using the composition. The performance of microencapsulated phase change materials can be improved, in some embodiments, by eliminating the sticky and lump issues and maintaining the thermal stability.
[0008] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a microencapsulated phase change material comprising a core material, a shell material encapsulating the core material, and an inorganic filler, wherein the core material comprises a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols;
[0009] wherein the shell material comprises a polyurea polymer, where the polyurea polymer is formed by reacting a mixture of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups and an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups with an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups (either primary or secondary or both) ; and
[0010] wherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm; the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester.
[0011] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a composition for preparing a microencapsulated phase change material, wherein the composition comprises an oil phase component and a water phase component;
[0012] (1) the oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component:
[0013] - from 40 wt%to 99 wt%of a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols;
[0014] - from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups;
[0015] - from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups; and
[0016] - from 5 wt%to 15 wt%of an inorganic filler;
[0017] wherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm, wherein the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester.
[0018] (2) the water phase component comprises:
[0019] - water in amount of at least 3 times the total weight of the oil phase component and
[0020] - an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups.
[0021] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a microencapsulated phase change material comprising the steps of:
[0022] (1) blending a mixture of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups and an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups with a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols and an inorganic filler to form an oil phase component, wherein the oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component:
[0023] - from 40 wt%to 99 wt%of the phase change material comprising a C12-20 fatty acid ester;
[0024] - from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of the aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups;
[0025] - from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of the aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups; and
[0026] - from 5 wt%to 15 wt%of the inorganic filler;
[0027] wherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm, wherein the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester;
[0028] (2) dissolving an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups in water to form a water phase component, wherein the water phase component comprises:
[0029] - water in amount of at least 3 times the total weight of the oil phase component, and
[0030] - the amine compound having at least two amino functional groups, and
[0031] (3) under stirring, adding the oil phase component into the water phase component to form a dispersion of microencapsulated phase change materials.
[0032] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides an article comprising the microencapsulated phase change material of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Figure 1 shows the optical microscope images of different examples.
[0034] Figure 2 shows three Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) curves of different samples.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0035] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Also, all publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference.
[0036] As disclosed herein, “and / or” means “and, or as an alternative” or “additionally or alternatively” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated.
[0037] The particle size of CaCO3 particles is measured on LS-POP (9) laser particle size tester.
[0038] The term “average NCO functionality” means the mean functionality of a mixture of polymeric isocyanates. The average functionality is calculated by dividing the total number of isocyanate groups carried by the mixture by the total number of molecules in the mixture. For example, PAPI-27 is a typical polymeric MDI consists of approximately monomer MDI, tri-isocyanate, tetra-isocyanate, penta-isocyanate, hexa-isocyanate and higher homologue. The average NCO functionality of PAPI-27 is about 2.7. In the present disclosure, a composition for preparing a microencapsulated phase change material, wherein the composition comprises an oil phase component and a water phase component, wherein;
[0039] (1) the oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component:
[0040] - from 40 wt%to 99 wt%of a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols;
[0041] - from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups;
[0042] - from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups; and
[0043] - from 5 wt%to 15 wt%of an inorganic filler;
[0044] wherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm, wherein the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester.
[0045] (2) the water phase component comprises:
[0046] - water in amount of at least 3 times the total weight of the oil phase component and
[0047] - an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups.
[0048] In the present disclosure, it is also provided a microencapsulated phase change material comprising a core material, a shell material encapsulating the core material, and an inorganic filler, wherein the core material comprises a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols; and
[0049] wherein the shell material comprises a polyurea polymer, where the polyurea polymer is formed by reacting a mixture of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups and an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups with an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups, and
[0050] wherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm; the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester.
[0051] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition for preparing microencapsulated phase change materials comprises an oil phase component and a water phase component (i.e., two-component system) . The oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component, from 40 wt%to 99 wt%, from 40 wt%to 90 wt%, from 40 wt%to 80 wt%, from 40 wt%to 70 wt%, from 40 wt%to 60 wt%, from 40 wt%to 50 wt%, from 50 wt%to 99 wt%, from 50 wt%to 90 wt%, from 50 wt%to 80 wt%, from 50 wt%to 70 wt%, from 50 wt%to 60 wt%, from 60 wt%to 99 wt%, from 60 wt%to 90 wt%, from 60 wt%to 80 wt%, from 60 wt%to 70 wt%, from 70 wt%to 99 wt%, from 70 wt%to 90 wt%, from 70 wt%to 80 wt%, from 80 wt%to 99 wt%, from 80 wt%to 90 wt%or from 90 wt%to 99 wt%of phase change materials. The oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component, from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 25 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 20 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 15 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 10 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 5 wt%, from 1 wt%to 5wt%, from 2wt%to 5 wt%, from 5 wt%to 30 wt%, from 5 wt%to 25 wt%, from 5 wt%to 20 wt%, from 5 wt%to 15 wt%, from 5 wt%to 10 wt%, from 10 wt%to 30 wt%, from 10 wt%to 25 wt%, from 1.0 wt%to 20 wt%, from 1.0 wt%to 15 wt%, from 15 wt%to 30 wt%, from 15 wt%to 25 wt%, from 15 wt%to 20 wt%, from 20 wt%to 30 wt%, from 20 wt%to 25 wt%or from 25 wt%to 30 wt%of aliphatic isocyanates having at least two NCO-functional groups. The oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component, from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 25 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 20 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 15 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 10 wt%, from 0.5 wt%to 5 wt%, from 1 wt%to 5wt%, from 2wt%to 5 wt%, from 5 wt%to 30 wt%, from 5 wt%to 25 wt%, from 5 wt%to 20 wt%, from 5 wt%to 15 wt%, from 5 wt%to 10 wt%, from 10 wt%to 30 wt%, from 10 wt%to 25 wt%, from 1.0 wt%to 20 wt%, from 1.0 wt%to 15 wt%, from 15 wt%to 30 wt%, from 15 wt%to 25 wt%, from 15 wt%to 20 wt%, from 20 wt%to 30 wt%, from 20 wt%to 25 wt%or from 25 wt%to 30 wt%of aromatic isocyanates having at least two NCO-functional groups.
[0052] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the water phase component comprises water in amount of at least 3 times, at least 4 times or at least 5 times the total weight of the oil phase component. The amine compound having at least two amino functional groups is used in a mole ratio of amino to NCO-is from 0.5: 1 to 3: 1, from 0.5: 1 to 2: 1, from 0.5: 1 to 1: 1, from 0.5: 1 to 0.7: 1, from 0.7: 1 to 3: 1, from 0.7: 1 to 2: 1, from 0.7: 1 to 1: 1, from 1: 1 to 3: 1, from 1: 1 to 2: 1 or from 2: 1 to 3: 1.
[0053] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the phase change materials may comprise organic PCMs or eutectic PCMs. Examples of the phase change materials comprise paraffin hydrocarbons (e.g., C14-C45 paraffin hydrocarbons, e.g., paraffin wax, C14, C18, C22-C45 hydrocarbons, e.g., tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane) , carboxylic acid esters (e.g., C12-C20 fatty acid ester such as methyl laurate, ethyl laurate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl stearate, ethyl stearate, methyl behenate and ethyl behenate) , polyalcohols (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) ) and etc.
[0054] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups include aliphatic diisocyanates, as well as dimers and trimers thereof, such as, for example, C2-C8 alkylene diisocyanates, such as tetramethylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) , 1, 12-dodecane diisocyanate, 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2, 4, 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methyl-1, 5-pentamethylene diisocyanate; alicyclic diisocyanates, as well as dimers and trimers thereof, such as, for example, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate (HMDI) , 1, 4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, and 1, 3-bis- (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane. Preferably, the aliphatic isocyanates are hexamethylene diisocyanate homopolymers, hexamethylene diisocyanate adducts, isophorone diisocyanate homopolymers, isophorone diisocyanate adducts, or mixtures thereof. More preferably, the aliphatic isocyanates having at least two NCO-functional groups are selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , methylene bis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI) , hexamethylene- diisocyanate (HDI) , tetramethylene-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-diisocyanate, hexahydrotoluene diisocyanate, and any mixtures thereof. Most preferably, the aliphatic isocyanates having at least two NCO-functional groups are selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)
[0055] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the aromatic polyisocyanate compound having at least two isocyanate (NCO-) groups is a C6-C15 aromatic isocyanate compound having at least two isocyanate (NCO-) groups. Preferably, the aromatic polyisocyanate compound having at least two isocyanate (NCO-) groups is an aromatic polyisocyanate having an average NCO functionality of higher than 2, such as 2.3-3, or 2.5-3.0. The C6-C15 aromatic isocyanate compound can be selected from the group consisting of diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) , toluene diisocyanate (TDI) , naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI) , phenylene diisocyanate, any isomers thereof and any combinations thereof. The isomers of MDI comprise 4, 4’-MDI, 2, 4’-MDI, 2, 2’-MDI, etc. ; the isomers of TDI comprise 2, 3-TDI, 2, 4-TDI, 2, 5-TDI, 2, 6-TDI, 3, 4-TDI, 3, 5-TDI, etc. ; the isomers of NDI comprise 1, 5-NDI, 1, 2-NDI, 1, 3-NDI, 1, 4-NDI, 1, 6-NDI, 1, 7-NDI, 1, 8-NDI, 2, 3-NDI, 2, 6-NDI, 2, 7-NDI, etc; the isomers of phenylene diisocyanate comprise 1, 2-phenylene diisocyanate, 1, 3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, etc. ; and the aromatic isocyanate compound may comprise any one or more of the above indicated isomers. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the aromatic isocyanate compound is MDI, such as a mixture of 4, 4’-MDI and 2, 4’-MDI, particularly speaking, a mixture of 50-99 wt%of 4, 4’-MDI and 1 to 50 wt%of 2, 4’-MDI, or a mixture of 98 wt%of 4, 4’-MDI and 2 wt%of 2, 4’-MDI. Preferably, the aromatic isocyanate compounds are selected from the group consisting of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) , toluene diisocyanate (TDI) , naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI) , phenylene diisocyanate, a polymeric form thereof and any combinations thereof. Preferably, the aromatic polyisocyanate is polymeric diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) or polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate that contains MDI, such as PAPI 27. Preferably, the aromatic polyisocyanate is a polymeric diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) having a NCO functionality of 2.3-3 or 2.5-3.0 or 2.6-2.9 or 2.7.
[0056] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the amine compounds are water soluble and have at least two amino functional groups (either primary or secondary or both) , include an aromatic polyamine, in which the primary amino groups are bonded directly to a carbon atom of an aromatic ring. Examples of such aromatic polyamines include 2, 4-and / or 2, 6-toluene diamine (TDA) , 4, 4′-, 2, 4′-and 2, 2′-diphenyl methane diamine (MDA) or a mixture of any two or more thereof. The water-soluble amine compounds having at least two amino functional groups may include a cycloaliphatic polyamine such as hydrogenated MDA, 1-methyl-2, 4-diaminocyclohexane, 1-methyl-2, 6-diaminocyclohexane and the like. The amine compounds are water soluble and have at least two amino functional groups, which may include an aliphatic polyamine such as tetramethylene-1, 4-diamine, hexamethylene-1, 6-diamine, trimethylhexane diamine, tetramethylhexane diamine, isophorone diamine, 1, 3-and / or 1, 4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane and 2, 4-or 2, 6-diamine-1-methylecyclohexane. Preferably, the amine compounds are selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine (DETA) , triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, ethylenediamine (EDA) , propylene diamine and triethylenediamine, 2, 4-and / or 2, 6-toluene diamine (TDA) , 4, 4′-, 2, 4′-and 2, 2′-diphenyl methane diamine (MDA) , 1-methyl-2, 4-diaminocyclohexane, 1-methyl-2, 6-diaminocyclohexane, tetramethylene-1, 4-diamine, hexamethylene-1, 6-diamine, trimethylhexane diamine, tetramethylhexane diamine, isophorone diamine, 1, 3-and / or 1, 4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane and 2, 4-or 2, 6-diamine-1-methylecyclohexane, and any combinations thereof.
[0057] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the oil phase component further comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component, from 5 wt%to 15 wt%, from 5 wt%to 10 wt%, or from 10 wt%to 15 wt%of inorganic fillers or from 11 wt%to 14 wt%of inorganic fillers or from 8 wt%to 12 wt%of inorganic fillers. Inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm, wherein the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester. Preferably, the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm, or 100-800 nm, or 200-600 nm, or 200-400 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm or 1.5-40 μm, or 2-20 μm, or 2.5-10 μm, wherein the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 4 / 1, or 1 / 5 to 3 / 1, 1 / 5 to 2 / 1, or 1 / 5 to 1 / 1, or 3 / 10 to 1 / 1, or 1 / 5 to 3 / 10; and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%, or 10-15 wt%, or 10-13 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester.
[0058] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the oil phase component further comprises fatty acid, which includes but are not limited to C12-20 fatty acid. Examples of the fatty acid comprise C9 cinnamic acid, C12 lauric acid, C16 palmitic acid and C18 oleic acid The weight ratio between phase change materials and fatty acid is 10 / 1 to 100 / 1, or 10 / 1 to 70 / 1, or 30 / 1 to 70 / 1, or 60 / 1 to 70 / 1.
[0059] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the oil phase component further comprises other components, including, but are not limited to dolomites, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, lime, magnesia, barium sulphate, barite, calcium sulphate, silica, magnesium silicates, talc, wollastonite, clays and aluminum silicates, kaolins, mica, oxides or hydroxides of metals or alkaline earths, magnesium hydroxide, iron oxides, zinc oxide, glass or carbon fiber or powder, or powder or mixtures of these compounds. Preferably, the other inorganic fillers are selected from the group consisting of talc, mica, SiO2, TiO2, kaolin, coal gangue powders, sepiolite powders, attapulgite powders, montmorillonite, and any combinations thereof.
[0060] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, it is not necessary to add additional surfactants into the composition . The amine compounds as hardener are firstly added and dissolved in the water phase. The oil phase component is then added in the water phase component. During the addition, the isocyanates in the oil phase components will react with the hardener quickly to form a thin skin to maintain the microcapsule shapes. Oil phase dispersing and shell forming occur almost at the same time. The process is straightforward and robust. The composition for preparing microencapsulated phase change materials is substantially free of any surfactants (e.g., sulphate surfactants, sulphonate surfactants, nonionic surfactants and etc. ) , stabilizers, organic solvents and emulsifiers (e.g., sodium salt of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) and etc) . While surfactants are not required in some embodiments of the present disclosure, to the extent a surfactant is to be used, such surfactants can include anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant or non-ionic surfactant, which include sulfates of ethoxylated phenols such as poly (oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl) α-sulfo-ω (nonylphenoxy) salt; alkali metal fatty acid salts such as alkali metal oleates and stearates; alkali metal C12-C16 alkyl sulfates such as alkali metal lauryl sulfates; amine C12-C16 alkyl sulfates such as amine lauryl sulfates, or triethanolamine lauryl sulfate; alkali metal C12-C16 alkylbenzene sulfonates such as branched and linear sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonates; amine C12-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonates such as triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate; anionic and nonionic fluorocarbon emulsifiers such as fluorinated C4-C16 alkyl esters and alkali metal C4-C16 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates; organosilicon emulsifiers such as modified polydimethylsiloxanes.
[0061] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the microcapsule structure comprises one or a combination of a core-shell structure, a single shell structure, a multi-shell structure, a single cavity-single core structure, a single cavity-multi-core structure, a multi cavity-multi core structure, a porous structure, a skeleton structure and a three-dimensional network structure.
[0062] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing a microencapsulated phase change material comprising the steps of:
[0063] (1) blending a mixture of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups and an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups with a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols and an inorganic filler to form an oil phase component, wherein the oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component:
[0064] - from 40 wt%to 99 wt%of the phase change material comprising a C12-20 fatty acid ester; -from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of the aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups;
[0065] - from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of the aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups; and
[0066] - from 5 wt%to 15 wt%of the inorganic filler;
[0067] wherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm, wherein the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester;
[0068] (2) dissolving an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups in water to form a water phase component, wherein the water phase component comprises:
[0069] - water in amount of at least 3 times the total weight of the oil phase component, and
[0070] - the amine compound having at least two amino functional groups, and
[0071] (3) under stirring, adding the oil phase component into the water phase component to form a dispersion of microencapsulated phase change materials.
[0072] Preferably, step (1) comprises blending a mixture of an aliphatic polyisocyanate and an aromatic polyisocyanate with a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols, and then blending the resulting mixture with an inorganic filler to form an oil phase component.
[0073] Preferably, the method further comprises, after step (3) , a step (4) of filtering the dispersion to provide microencapsulated phase change material.
[0074] Preferably, the method further comprises, after step (4) , a drying step to provide microencapsulated phase change material powder.
[0075] The present disclosure also provides an article comprising the microencapsulated phase change material of the present disclosure.
[0076] EXAMPLES
[0077] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following examples, wherein all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
[0078] Information regarding the raw materials used in the examples is listed in the following Table 1:
[0079] Table 1. Raw materials used in the examples
[0080] Inventive Examples (IE) 11-13 and 15 and Comparative Examples (CE) 1-10, 14, 16-17
[0081] In the following Inventive Examples (IE) 11-13 and 15 and Comparative Examples (CE) 1-3, 6-10, 14 and 16-17, the inert fillers such as 1250 mesh CC, nano CC and fumed silica were used according to the composition described in Table 2 and process described below.
[0082] One-pot synthesis procedure for Inventive Examples (IE) 11-13 and 15 and Comparative Examples (CE) 1-3, 6-10, and 14:
[0083] 1) 300 g of water was added into a three-necked flask with a PTFE stirring paddle and a thermometer, and heated to 70 ℃ and maintained at this temperature. The stirring rate was adjusted to 400rpm.
[0084] 2) 2.0 g of DETA were added into the water solution, forming solution 1.
[0085] 3) 50 g of methyl hexadecanoate was preheated to 50 ℃ and 0.8 g of palmitic acid was added and mixed, then the mixture was transferred to oven of 70 ℃ until all of the palmitic acid was dissolved into the methyl hexadecanoate.
[0086] 4) 3.15 g of IPDI and 3.15 g of PAPI-27 were added into the methyl hexadecanoate solution, thoroughly stirred manually. Then, a certain amount of nano CC (if any) was added firstly, under manual stirring. Then, a certain amount of 1250 mesh CC (if any) were added, under manual stirring, forming solution 2.
[0087] 5) The solution 2 was added into the solution 1 slowly, then left for reaction for 4h.
[0088] 6) After the reaction was completed, the PCM microcapsules were filtered to provide PCM paste. The PCM paste was dried under room temperature to get PCM powders.
[0089] One-pot synthesis procedure for Comparative Examples (CE) 4:
[0090] The procedures were the same as Inventive Examples (IE) 11-13 and 15 except that the filler was dispersed into 300 g water in the step 1) . The oil phase was added without fillers.
[0091] One-pot synthesis procedure for Comparative Examples (CE) 5:
[0092] The procedures were the same as Inventive Examples (IE) 11-13 and 15 except that the filler was added after solution 2 was added into solution 1. There was no filler in the water phase (step 1) and oil phase (step 4) .
[0093] One-pot synthesis procedure for Comparative Examples (CE) 16:
[0094] The procedures were the same as above except step 4) :
[0095] 4) 3.15 g of IPDI and 3.15 g of PAPI-27 were added into the methyl hexadecanoate solution, thoroughly stirred manually. Then, a certain amount of fumed silica was added under manual stirring, forming solution 2.
[0096] One-pot synthesis procedure for Comparative Examples (CE) 17:
[0097] The procedures were the same as Inventive Examples (IE) 11-13 and 15 except step 4) :
[0098] 4) 3.15 g of IPDI and 3.15 g of PAPI-27 were added into the methyl hexadecanoate solution, thoroughly stirred manually. Then, a certain amount of fumed silica was added firstly, under manual stirring. Then, a certain amount of 1250 mesh CC was added, under manual stirring, forming solution 2.
[0099] Table 2 Information of synthesized PCMs under evaluation
[0100] Analysis and conclusions:
[0101] (1) Function of inert powder in the formulation. As shown in Table 2, the PCMs without inert powders (Sample 1) encountered sticky and lump issue, however, it maintained a good thermal stability. The thermal stability decreased after the addition of 1250 mesh CC particles (Sample 2, 3, 6) , which means that the CaCO3 particles may reduce the shell strength and therefore reduce the thermal stability of the micro-encapsule of PCMs. On the other hand, the appearance improved after the addition of 1250 mesh CC particles, indicating that inert powders could help separate the PCM particles and then provide a more smoothing appearance.
[0102] (2) Processing. Sample 3-5 showed different processing routes for synthesizing PCMs. Blending inert powders in the oil phase firstly was proven to be a feasible way to get a better appearance and better thermal stability performance. Samplesin which CaCO3 powders were blendedin the water phase or after polymerization had sticky and lump issues and lower thermal stability.
[0103] (3) Function of nano CC and 1250 mesh CC in the formulation. Sample 7 and Sample 8 with the nano CC fillers in the formulations exhibited a better appearance, while with reduced thermal stability. However, the PCMs samples became stickier with a decreasing amount of nano CC while with a better thermal stability. This indicated that nano CC could help to improve the appearance and reduce the sticky and lump issues, while excess amount of nano CC will reduce the thermal stability. cumed SiO2 (Sample 16) was employed as the inert powder, but this sample had a more serious sticky and lump issue.
[0104] (4) Blended CaCO3 particles in formulation. Sample 9-15 are PCMs samples with blended CaCO3 fillers, in which 1250 mesh CC and nano CC were blended with the oil phase. Sample 11, 12, 13 and 15 all exhibited good appearance (smoothing, no sticky issues) . When the total amount of CaCO3 was up to 10 g, the PCMs showed good appearance while with a reduced thermal stability. When the total amount of CaCO3 was low to 5.5 g with a nano CC and 1250 mesh CC weight ratio of 0.1 (Sample 14) , the PCMs encountered more stacking issues. However, PCMs showed better appearance and thermal stability with the increase of nano CC ratio (Sample 11-13) . When the weight ratio between nano CC and 1250 mesh CC was up to 1, the total amount CaCO3 could be reduced to 5 g and still a good appearance and thermal stability was maintained. For fumed silica blended powder, sample 17 exhibits bad stacking issues.
[0105] All these results here proved that a blend of nano CC and 1250 mesh CC fillers is an effective solution to improve the appearance and thermal stability of PCM micro-encapsules.
[0106] Figure 1 shows the optical microscope images of different examples (The morphology of PCM was tested on LEICA DFC290 optical microscope) . It can be seen from the results in in Figure 1, when the total amount of CaCO3 is up to 10 g, excess CaCO3 particles were observed. The particle size of Comparative Example 1 without any inert powder is about 50-200μm. The particle size of PCMs decreased with the addition of CaCO3 fillers. The particle size of inventive examples was about 20-50 μm.
[0107] DSC analysis
[0108] Comparative Example 1 encountered super-cooling during solidifying process. After nano CC as a filler was added into the PCMs system (Comparative Example 8) , the super-cooling issue was reduced and the solidifying temperature was shifted to >20 ℃, which is a desirable temperature range. In the blended formulation, the solidifying temperature shifted to higher values compared with Comparative Example 1, indicating the inert powder could improve the super-cooling issue during polymerization. Inventive Example 11 and 12 also give desired transition temperature ranges compared with Comparative Example 1 (see Figure 2) .
[0109] Test methods:
[0110] A.the evaluation of appearance
[0111] The appearance of PCM samples were inspected by obversion. Samples with caking appearance means “bad” in results. Samples with smooth powder means “good” in results. Middle means not good and not bad in results.
[0112] B.the test method of weight loss
[0113] 2g of PCM samples were weighted and put into the aluminum foil container. Then, samples with container were put into the oven at 105 ℃ for 2h, 24 h and 48 h. The weight of samples (x) were measured after thermal storage. The weight loss equation is as below: Weight loss (%) = (x-2) / 2*100%
[0114] C. Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSC) measurement
[0115] Certain amount of PCM samples were weighted and put into the aluminum foil container. Samples were measured with N2 atmosphere from 0 ℃ to 60 ℃ with a ramp of 10 ℃ / min.The measurement was conducted on the DSC-Q2000 equipment.
Claims
1.A microencapsulated phase change material comprising a core material, a shell material encapsulating the core material, and an inorganic filler,wherein the core material comprises a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols;wherein the shell material comprises a polyurea polymer, where the polyurea polymer is formed by reacting a mixture of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups and an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups with an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups; andwherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm; the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester.2.The microencapsulated phase change material according to claim 1, wherein the phase change material is selected from the group consisting of tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, methyl laurate, ethyl laurate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl stearate, ethyl stearate, methyl behenate and ethyl behenate.3.The microencapsulated phase change material according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , methylene-bis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI) , hexamethylene-diisocyanate (HDI) , tetramethylene-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-diisocyanate, hexahydrotoluene diisocyanate, and any mixtures thereof; and / orthe aromatic polyisocyanate is a polymeric diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) having a NCO functionality of 2.3-3; and / orthe amine compound is selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine (DETA) , triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, ethylenediamine (EDA) , propylene diamine and triethylenediamine, 2, 4-and / or 2, 6-toluene diamine (TDA) , 4, 4′-, 2, 4′-and 2, 2′-diphenyl methane diamine (MDA) , 1-methyl-2, 4-diaminocyclohexane, 1-methyl-2, 6-diaminocyclohexane, tetramethylene-1, 4-diamine, hexamethylene-1, 6-diamine, trimethylhexane diamine, tetramethylhexane diamine, isophorone diamine, 1, 3- and / or 1, 4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane and 2, 4-or 2, 6-diamine-1-methylecyclohexane, and any combinations thereof.4.A composition for preparing a microencapsulated phase change material, wherein the composition comprises an oil phase component and a water phase component;(1) the oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component:- from 40 wt%to 99 wt%of a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols;- from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups;- from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups; and- from 5 wt%to 15 wt%of an inorganic filler;wherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm, wherein the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester.(2) the water phase component comprises:- water in amount of at least 3 times the total weight of the oil phase component and- an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups.5.The composition according to claim 4, wherein the phase change material is selected from the group consisting of tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, methyl laurate, ethyl laurate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl stearate, ethyl stearate, methyl behenate and ethyl behenate.6.The composition according to according to claim 4, wherein the aliphatic polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , methylene-bis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI) , hexamethylene-diisocyanate (HDI) , tetramethylene-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-diisocyanate, hexahydrotoluene diisocyanate, and any mixtures thereof; and / orthe aromatic polyisocyanate is a polymeric diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) having a NCO functionality of 2.3-3; and / orthe amine compound is selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine (DETA) , triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, ethylenediamine (EDA) , propylene diamine and triethylenediamine, 2, 4-and / or 2, 6-toluene diamine (TDA) , 4, 4′-, 2, 4′-and 2, 2′-diphenyl methane diamine (MDA) , 1-methyl-2, 4-diaminocyclohexane, 1-methyl-2, 6-diaminocyclohexane, tetramethylene-1, 4-diamine, hexamethylene-1, 6-diamine, trimethylhexane diamine, tetramethylhexane diamine, isophorone diamine, 1, 3- and / or 1, 4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane and 2, 4-or 2, 6-diamine-1-methylecyclohexane, and any combinations thereof.7.The composition according to any one of claims 4-6, wherein the phase change material is selected from the group consisting of tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, methyl laurate, ethyl laurate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl stearate, ethyl stearate, methyl behenate and ethyl behenate.8.A method for preparing a microencapsulated phase change material comprising the steps of:(1) blending a mixture of an aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups and an aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups with a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols and an inorganic filler to form an oil phase component, wherein the oil phase component comprises, based on the total weight of the oil phase component:- from 40 wt%to 99 wt%of the phase change material comprising a C12-20 fatty acid ester;- from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of the aliphatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups;- from 0.5 wt%to 30 wt%of the aromatic polyisocyanate having at least two NCO-functional groups; and- from 5 wt%to 15 wt%of the inorganic filler;wherein the inorganic filler comprises I) nano CaCO3 particles having an average particle size of 80-1000 nm and II) CaCO3 having an average particle size of 1-50 μm, wherein the weight ratio of I) to II) is 1 / 5 to 5 / 1 and the total amount of I) and II) is 5-18 wt%based on the weight of the C12-20 fatty acid ester;(2) dissolving an amine compound having at least two amino functional groups in water to form a water phase component, wherein the water phase component comprises:- water in amount of at least 3 times the total weight of the oil phase component, and- the amine compound having at least two amino functional groups, and(3) under stirring, adding the oil phase component into the water phase component to form a dispersion of microencapsulated phase change materials.9.The method for making preparing the microencapsulated phase change material according to claim 8, wherein the step (1) comprises blending a mixture of an aliphatic polyisocyanate and an aromatic polyisocyanate with a phase change material selected from the group consisting of paraffin hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid esters, and polyalcohols, and then blending the resulting mixture with an inorganic filler to form an oil phase component.10.The method for making preparing the microencapsulated phase change material according to any one of claims 8-9, wherein the method further comprises, after step (3) , a step (4) of filtering the dispersion to provide microencapsulated phase change material.11.The method according to any one of claims 8-9, wherein the method further comprises, after step (4) , a drying step to provide microencapsulated phase change material powder.12.An article comprising the microencapsulated phase change material according to claim 1.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Composition and method for preparing microencapsulated phase change materials
CA3235659A1
Polyurea Capsules Cross-linked with Chitosan
US20210252469A1
Amine modified polysaccharide urethane / urea microcapsules
US20220088558A1
Degradable delivery particles based from amine containing natural materials
US20230049775A1
Gelatin based urethane / urea microcapsules
US20230112578A1