Photovoltaic module and preparation method therefor

Abstract

The present application discloses a photovoltaic module and a preparation method therefor. The photovoltaic module comprises: a first photovoltaic glass and a second photovoltaic glass; a frame-shaped waterproof adhesive layer disposed between the first photovoltaic glass and the second photovoltaic glass; a light-transmitting adhesive layer filled in a space enclosed and defined by the first photovoltaic glass, the second photovoltaic glass and the waterproof adhesive layer; and a solar cell encapsulated within the light-transmitting adhesive layer. A light-transmitting adhesive used in the light-transmitting adhesive layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 120-180 parts of vinyl silicone oil, 30-50 parts of silicone resin, 5-15 parts of hydrogen-containing silicone oil, 10-20 ppm parts of a platinum complex catalyst, and 100-200 ppm parts of an inhibitor; and the light-transmitting adhesive has a viscosity of 20,000 cs to 50,000 cs. The use of the light-transmitting adhesive as the material of the light-transmitting adhesive layer can solve the problem of adhesive overflow or difficulty in defoaming that easily occurs during the defoaming process, thereby improving the performance of the photovoltaic module.

Description

A photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof

[0001] Related Cross-Reference

[0002] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 2024110988919, filed on August 12, 2024, entitled "A photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the field of solar cells, in particular to a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0004] The photovoltaic module mainly encapsulates the solar cell through the adhesive film. EVA, POE, EPE or TPO, etc. are commonly used adhesive film materials, but these adhesive film materials need to be processed and encapsulated at high temperature, and processing at high temperature is easy to increase defects of the solar cell and reduce the stability of the solar cell. Although the use of low-temperature curing adhesive film materials with lower temperature can reduce the problems caused by high-temperature encapsulation, but the currently marketed low-temperature curing adhesive film materials are prone to problems such as overflow or difficult to deaerate during the deaeration process of the photovoltaic module. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the photovoltaic module is prone to overflow or difficult to deaerate during the deaeration process, the present application provides a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module.

[0007] The photovoltaic module comprises:

[0008] a first photovoltaic glass and a second photovoltaic glass arranged oppositely;

[0009] a frame-shaped waterproof adhesive layer arranged between the first photovoltaic glass and the second photovoltaic glass;

[0010] a light-transmitting adhesive layer filled in a space enclosed by the first photovoltaic glass, the second photovoltaic glass and the waterproof adhesive layer;

[0011] a solar cell encapsulated in the light-transmitting adhesive layer;

[0012] The light-transmitting adhesive layer adopts a light-transmitting adhesive comprising the following components in mass fraction:

[0013] vinyl silicone oil 120-180 parts

[0014] silicone resin 30-50 parts

[0015] hydrogen-containing silicone oil 5-15 parts

[0016] Platinum complex catalyst 10-20 ppm

[0017] Inhibitor 100-200 ppm

[0018] The light-transmitting adhesive has a viscosity of 20,000-50,000 cs.

[0019] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a photovoltaic module.

[0020] The method for preparing the photovoltaic module comprises the following steps:

[0021] The waterproof adhesive layer is attached to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass in a frame shape, and the waterproof adhesive layer cooperates with the first photovoltaic glass to form a groove body.

[0022] The groove body is filled with a first light-transmitting adhesive, and the first light-transmitting adhesive is laid on the surface of the first photovoltaic glass.

[0023] The solar cell is placed on the first light-transmitting adhesive.

[0024] The groove body with the second photovoltaic glass attached thereto is filled with a second light-transmitting adhesive, wherein the first light-transmitting adhesive and the second light-transmitting adhesive are the same light-transmitting adhesive, and the second photovoltaic glass covers the open end of the groove body.

[0025] When the waterproof adhesive layer is in a molten state, defoaming and attaching are performed to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0026] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module.

[0027] The photovoltaic module comprises the perovskite solar cell of the first aspect or the perovskite solar cell prepared by the method of the second aspect.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0029] The light-transmitting adhesive of the present application has the characteristics of low-temperature (lower than 90℃) curing, and can be prepared by curing at a lower temperature. More importantly, by controlling the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive within a specific range and reducing the use amount of the inhibitor and platinum complex catalyst, the use amount of the inhibitor and platinum complex catalyst is reduced to ppm level compared with the use amount of the vinyl silicone oil, which is significantly lower than the use amount of the inhibitor and catalyst in a conventional rubber formula, thereby effectively regulating the curing process of the light-transmitting adhesive, adapting to the production needs of photovoltaic modules, and effectively solving the problems of overflow or difficult defoaming that are prone to occur during the packaging process of photovoltaic modules. This is because the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive is controlled within a higher viscosity range, and the initial curing speed of the transparent adhesive under the packaging conditions is relatively slow under the regulation of the above-mentioned inhibitor and platinum complex catalyst in the above-mentioned proportion, and the viscosity also increases relatively slowly, which ensures that the light-transmitting adhesive has better viscosity and flowability during the defoaming process, which is not only conducive to reducing the lateral shear force between the light-transmitting adhesive and the solar cell, promoting the close adhesion of the light-transmitting adhesive and the solar cell, and fully removing the bubbles between the light-transmitting adhesive and the solar cell, but also conducive to reducing the possibility of the light-transmitting adhesive overflowing out of the groove. After the defoaming treatment of the light-transmitting adhesive, the curing speed is relatively fast, which ensures that the light-transmitting adhesive can be cured in a relatively short time after the packaging of the photovoltaic module is completed, and better curing strength is obtained, thereby accelerating the production cycle.

[0030] In summary, by controlling the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive, the use amount of the inhibitor and platinum complex catalyst, the problems of overflow and difficult defoaming that are prone to occur during the packaging process of photovoltaic modules can be solved at the same time, which promotes the significant improvement of the quality of photovoltaic modules and has important significance for promoting the development of the photovoltaic industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0032] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module disclosed by an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG. 2 is an optical photograph of a photovoltaic module disclosed by an embodiment one of the present application;

[0034] FIG. 3 is an optical photograph of a photovoltaic module disclosed by a comparative example one of the present application;

[0035] FIG. 4 is an optical photograph of a photovoltaic module disclosed by a comparative example two of the present application.

[0036] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module disclosed by an embodiment of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0038] In addition, in addition to being used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship, the above-mentioned partial terms can also be used to indicate other meanings, for example, the term "upper" can also be used to indicate a certain dependent relationship or connection relationship in some cases. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of these terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific situation.

[0039] In addition, the terms "mount", "set", "provided with", "connected", "connected" should be broadly understood. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two devices, elements or components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific situation.

[0040] In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are mainly used to distinguish different devices, elements or components (the specific type and structure can be the same or different), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance and quantity of the indicated devices, elements or components. Unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more.

[0041] If the components in the photovoltaic module are not closely attached, air bubbles are easily left between the parts, which exist to reduce the electrical conductivity of the photovoltaic module, and easily cause stress concentration and cracking inside the module, affecting the long-term stability of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, during the preparation process of the photovoltaic module, it is necessary to carry out defoaming treatment under certain pressure conditions to remove the air bubbles carried by the adhesive film itself or left during the assembly process, and improve the packaging quality of the photovoltaic module.

[0042] The low-temperature curing light-transmitting adhesive (such as silicone rubber) used in the related art has better weather resistance and bonding performance, but its waterproof function is relatively poor. The waterproof adhesive layer with waterproof function is arranged on the outer layer of the light-transmitting adhesive, which is beneficial to fully exert the combined advantages of the light-transmitting adhesive and the waterproof adhesive layer, and improve the packaging effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0043] The light-transmitting adhesive has the problem that overflow and defoaming are difficult to be considered. If the flowability of the light-transmitting adhesive is too high, overflow is prone to occur in the defoaming process. If the flowability of the light-transmitting adhesive is too low, there is a large transverse shear force between the light-transmitting adhesive and the solar cell in the defoaming process, which makes it difficult to remove the bubbles between the light-transmitting adhesive and the solar cell, and even when the transverse shear force is too large, the structure of the light-transmitting adhesive is also prone to be damaged, resulting in delamination of the light-transmitting adhesive.

[0044] Therefore, the present application provides a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof. The light-transmitting adhesive in the photovoltaic module has high light transmittance, and is not prone to overflow or difficult to defoam in the defoaming process, which is beneficial to improve the quality of the photovoltaic module.

[0045] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in combination with embodiments and drawings.

[0046] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module.

[0047] Referring to FIG. 1, the photovoltaic module comprises:

[0048] a first photovoltaic glass 1 and a second photovoltaic glass 5 arranged oppositely;

[0049] a frame-shaped waterproof adhesive layer 2 arranged between the first photovoltaic glass 1 and the second photovoltaic glass 5;

[0050] a light-transmitting adhesive layer 3 filled in a space enclosed by the first photovoltaic glass 1, the second photovoltaic glass 5 and the waterproof adhesive layer 2;

[0051] a solar cell 4 encapsulated in the light-transmitting adhesive layer 3;

[0052] The light-transmitting adhesive used in the light-transmitting adhesive layer 3 comprises the following components by mass fraction:

[0053] vinyl silicone oil 120-180 parts

[0054] silicone resin 30-50 parts

[0055] hydrogen-containing silicone oil 5-15 parts

[0056] platinum complex catalyst 10-20 ppm

[0057] inhibitor 100-200 ppm

[0058] The viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive is 20000-50000 cs.

[0059] Compared with the light-transmitting adhesive used in the related art, the light-transmitting adhesive has the characteristics of low-temperature (lower than 90℃) curing, and can realize curing of the light-transmitting adhesive at a lower temperature. More importantly, by controlling the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive in the above range, and cooperating with the use of the inhibitor and the platinum complex catalyst in a reduced amount, the use amount of the inhibitor and the platinum complex catalyst is reduced to ppm level compared with the use amount of the vinyl silicone oil, which is significantly lower than the use amount of the inhibitor and the catalyst in the conventional rubber formula, thereby effectively regulating the curing process of the light-transmitting adhesive, adapting to the production requirements of the photovoltaic module, and effectively solving the problems of overflow or difficult defoaming that are prone to occur in the packaging process of the photovoltaic module. This is because the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive is controlled in a relatively high viscosity range, and the initial curing speed of the transparent adhesive under the packaging condition is relatively slow under the regulation of the above inhibitor and platinum complex catalyst in the above proportion, and the viscosity also rises relatively slowly, which ensures that the light-transmitting adhesive has better viscosity and flowability during the defoaming process, which is not only beneficial to reducing the lateral shear force between the light-transmitting adhesive and the solar cell 4, promoting the close adhesion of the light-transmitting adhesive layer 3 and the solar cell 4, and fully removing the bubbles between the light-transmitting adhesive layer 3 and the solar cell 4, but also beneficial to reducing the possibility of overflow of the light-transmitting adhesive out of the waterproof adhesive layer 2. And after the defoaming treatment of the light-transmitting adhesive, the curing speed is relatively fast, which ensures that the light-transmitting adhesive can complete curing in a relatively short time after the packaging of the photovoltaic module is completed, and better curing strength is obtained, and the production cycle is accelerated.

[0060] In summary, by controlling the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive, the use amount of the inhibitor and the platinum complex catalyst, the problems of overflow and difficult defoaming that are prone to occur in the packaging process of the photovoltaic module can be solved at the same time, the quality of the photovoltaic module is significantly improved, and it has important significance for promoting the development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0061] It should be noted that each raw material used in the light-transmitting adhesive is a conventional raw material used in the art, and can be obtained by market purchase.

[0062] The platinum complex catalyst is various platinum complex catalysts commonly used in the art. Preferably, the platinum complex catalyst of the present application can select at least one of chloroplatinic acid and vinyl tetramethyl disiloxane complex, chloroplatinic acid and olefin complex.

[0063] The inhibitor is various inhibitors commonly used in the art. Preferably, the inhibitor of the present application can select at least one of acetylene alcohol or tetramethyl tetra-vinyl cyclo tetra-siloxane.

[0064] Exemplarily, in the present application, the content of vinyl group in the vinyl silicone oil is 0.01% to 15%, the viscosity of the vinyl silicone oil at 25°C is 10000cs to 50000cs; the content of hydrogen in the hydrogen-containing silicone oil is 0.1%wt to 2%wt, the viscosity at 25°C is 3mPa·s to 300mPa·s, and the silicone resin is a solvent-free liquid silicone resin, the viscosity at 25°C is 100mPa·s to 10000mPa·s.

[0065] Preferably, the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive is 20000cs to 35000cs. The viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive is preferably such that the light-transmitting adhesive is not easy to overflow during the defoaming process, and the flowability of the light-transmitting adhesive is better, which is more conducive to the discharge of bubbles.

[0066] In some embodiments, the curing temperature of the light-transmitting adhesive is 20°C to 80°C.

[0067] The light-transmitting adhesive described above is cured at a low temperature of 20°C to 80°C, that is, the light-transmitting adhesive can be cured at room temperature or under heating conditions, and no by-products are generated during the entire curing process. During production, people can adjust the curing speed within a certain range by adjusting the curing temperature according to the production process rhythm needs, so that the light-transmitting adhesive described above can adapt to the needs of various production lines.

[0068] In some embodiments, the light-transmitting adhesive does not contain fillers and colorants.

[0069] The light-transmitting adhesive of the present application does not add fillers or colorants and other components that affect the light transmission of the light-transmitting adhesive, so as to better improve the light transmission of the light-transmitting adhesive. Moreover, the addition of hydrogen-containing silicone oil and silicone resin in the present application can partially make up for the strength loss caused by the absence of filler components, thereby improving the overall performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0070] In some embodiments, the material of the top layer of the solar cell 4 includes any one of a transparent conductive oxide or a silicon nitride.

[0071] In the present application, the light-transmitting adhesive made of vinyl silicone oil as the main component has a relatively stable refractive index, which is about 1.4 to 1.5. The refractive index of the transparent conductive oxide or the silicon nitride is between 1.7 and 2.5, which is greater than the refractive index of the light-transmitting adhesive. Therefore, using the transparent conductive oxide or the silicon nitride as the material of the top layer of the solar cell can form a good refractive index matching between the light-transmitting adhesive and the solar cell. Thus, the reflection of light between the multi-layer structure is significantly reduced, and more light enters the photovoltaic module and is effectively absorbed.

[0072] Further preferably, the transparent conductive oxide can be indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, etc., and the silicon nitride can be silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, etc.

[0073] It should be noted that the top layer of the solar cell 4 refers to the layer that first contacts the incident light in the solar cell structure from the light incident direction, except for the electrode. Exemplarily, the solar cell can be a perovskite silicon laminated solar cell.

[0074] In some embodiments, the light-transmitting adhesive has a transparency of greater than or equal to 95%. Preferably, the light-transmitting adhesive has a transparency of greater than 99%. The high transmittance of the light-transmitting adhesive is conducive to better penetration of sunlight through the light-transmitting adhesive layer 3 and absorption by the solar cell 4, thereby improving the performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0075] The waterproof adhesive layer 2 is selected to have a certain adhesive property to meet the requirement of being fixed to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass 1 in a frame shape. At the same time, it also needs to have a certain waterproof function to ensure that the waterproof adhesive layer 2 has good waterproof property and avoid water vapor entering the photovoltaic module.

[0076] In some embodiments, the material of the waterproof adhesive layer 2 is butyl rubber. Butyl rubber itself has good adhesive property and waterproof effect, which can better meet the use requirement of the waterproof adhesive layer 2.

[0077] Further, the melting temperature of butyl rubber is 35℃-85℃.

[0078] During the defoaming process, the waterproof adhesive layer 2 needs to be heated to melt, so that the waterproof adhesive layer 2 is defoamed with the light-transmitting adhesive, the first photovoltaic glass 1 and the second photovoltaic glass 5, thereby making these components tightly adhere to each other. The butyl rubber with a melting temperature of 35℃-85℃ is used in the present application, which is conducive to rapid melting of butyl rubber and reduces the processing difficulty of defoaming.

[0079] More importantly, the melting temperature of the butyl rubber coincides with the curing temperature of the light-transmitting adhesive within a certain range, which makes the light-transmitting adhesive avoid overflow under the working pressure of the defoaming process at the processing temperature, and the light-transmitting adhesive still has a certain flowability due to being in the initial curing stage of rapid viscosity rise, thereby better realizing the removal of bubbles.

[0080] In some embodiments, a sealing adhesive layer is arranged at the joint of the waterproof adhesive layer 2 and the first photovoltaic glass 1 and / or the second photovoltaic glass 5. The sealing adhesive layer can further improve the sealing property between the waterproof adhesive layer 2 and the first photovoltaic glass 1 and the second photovoltaic glass 5, and better reduce the risk of overflow of the light-transmitting adhesive from the joint between the waterproof adhesive layer 2 and the first photovoltaic glass 1 and the second photovoltaic glass 5.

[0081] The material of the sealing adhesive layer can be obtained by commercially available sealing adhesive materials. For example, one or a combination of polyurethane sealing adhesive, acrylic sealing adhesive, epoxy resin sealing adhesive or silicone rubber sealing adhesive can be selected.

[0082] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a preparation method of a photovoltaic module.

[0083] The preparation method of the photovoltaic module comprises the following steps:

[0084] A frame-shaped waterproof adhesive layer 2 is attached to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass 1, so that the waterproof adhesive layer 2 cooperates with the first photovoltaic glass 1 to form a groove body 21;

[0085] The groove body 21 is filled with a first light-transmitting adhesive, so that the first light-transmitting adhesive is laid on the surface of the first photovoltaic glass 1;

[0086] The solar cell 4 is placed on the first light-transmitting adhesive;

[0087] The groove body 21 with the second photovoltaic glass 5 is filled with a second light-transmitting adhesive, wherein the first light-transmitting adhesive and the second light-transmitting adhesive are both light-transmitting adhesives, and the second photovoltaic glass 5 covers the opening end of the groove body 21;

[0088] The waterproof adhesive layer 2 is heated to a molten state, and then subjected to a defoaming treatment to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0089] Before the defoaming treatment starts, the light-transmitting adhesive is filled in the groove body 21 to limit the flow of the light-transmitting adhesive in the groove body 21 before the defoaming treatment, thereby reducing the risk of overflow of the light-transmitting adhesive out of the groove body 21 before defoaming.

[0090] At the start of the defoaming treatment, the waterproof adhesive layer 2 is converted from a solid state to a molten state by heating treatment. During the process of reaching the molten temperature of the waterproof adhesive layer 2, the light-transmitting adhesive is also affected by the heating treatment, and the solidification speed starts to accelerate, which makes the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive rapidly increase. However, since the light-transmitting adhesive is still in the initial stage of solidification, the light-transmitting adhesive has both high viscosity and certain fluidity during the defoaming treatment, which makes the transverse shear force between the light-transmitting adhesive and the solar cell 4 small, and bubbles are easily removed under the working condition of defoaming and pressurization, and the light-transmitting adhesive is not easy to overflow during the defoaming process. In summary, the present application simultaneously solves the problems of overflow of the light-transmitting adhesive and difficulty in defoaming that are prone to occur in the preparation process of the photovoltaic module.

[0091] In some embodiments, the liquid level of the second light-transmitting adhesive relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass 1 is 0.75 to 0.85 times the height of the groove body 21 relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass 1.

[0092] Preferably, the height of the groove body 21 relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass 1 is 1 mm to 3 mm, the filling height of the first light-transmitting adhesive relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass 1 is 100 μm to 1000 μm, and the filling height of the second light-transmitting adhesive relative to the first light-transmitting adhesive is 300 μm to 1000 μm.

[0093] Further preferably, the filling height of the first light-transmissive glue relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass 1 is 100-500 μm, and the filling height of the second light-transmissive glue relative to the first light-transmissive glue is 300-600 μm.

[0094] By controlling the liquid level of the second light-transmissive glue, the possibility of overflow of the light-transmissive glue during the defoaming process can be reduced, and the risk of overflow of the light-transmissive glue under the defoaming and pressurizing state is further reduced.

[0095] In some embodiments, the first light-transmissive glue is filled into the groove body 21 by gluing, and the second light-transmissive glue is filled into the groove body 21 by injection or gluing.

[0096] Preferably, the second light-transmissive glue is filled into the groove body 21 by injection, and the groove body 21 is provided with an injection port for injecting the second light-transmissive glue and an air outlet for discharging air, and the second photovoltaic glass 5 is covered to the open end of the groove body 21 before the second light-transmissive glue is filled.

[0097] Preferably, the second light-transmissive glue is filled into the groove body 21 by gluing, and the second photovoltaic glass 5 is covered to the open end of the groove body 21 after the second light-transmissive glue is filled, and the gluing mode includes slit coating or doctor blade coating.

[0098] The above methods can quickly fill the light-transmissive glue into the groove body 21, realizing rapid filling of the light-transmissive glue.

[0099] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in combination with more specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0100] Embodiment One

[0101] A photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0102] A first photovoltaic glass and a second photovoltaic glass arranged oppositely;

[0103] A frame-shaped waterproof glue layer, which is arranged between the first photovoltaic glass and the second photovoltaic glass, and is made of butyl rubber having a melting temperature of 35-40℃;

[0104] A light-transmissive glue layer, which is filled in a space enclosed by the first photovoltaic glass, the second photovoltaic glass and the waterproof glue layer;

[0105] A solar cell, which is encapsulated in the light-transmissive glue layer.

[0106] A preparation method of the above photovoltaic module, comprising the following steps:

[0107] A frame-shaped waterproof glue layer is attached to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass, so that the waterproof glue layer cooperates with the first photovoltaic glass to form a groove body, and the height of the groove body relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass is 2 mm;

[0108] filling the first light-transmissive adhesive in the groove body using a doctor blade method, so that the first light-transmissive adhesive is laid on the surface of the first photovoltaic glass, and the filling height of the first light-transmissive adhesive relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass is 600 μm;

[0109] placing the solar cell on the first light-transmissive adhesive;

[0110] filling the second light-transmissive adhesive in the groove body using a doctor blade method, the filling height of the second light-transmissive adhesive relative to the first light-transmissive adhesive is 900 μm, and the second photovoltaic glass is covered on the opening end of the groove body, wherein the first light-transmissive adhesive and the second light-transmissive adhesive are the same light-transmissive adhesive, the light-transmissive adhesive of the embodiment of the present application is composed of the following components with mass fractions: 150 parts of vinyl silicone oil, 10 parts of hydrogen-containing silicone oil, 40 parts of silicone resin, 15 ppm parts of karstedt platinum catalyst, and 150 ppm parts of tetramethyltetraethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and the viscosity of the whole light-transmissive adhesive is controlled to be 20,000 cs by using vinyl silicone oil with a viscosity close to 20,000 cs.

[0111] heating to a temperature of 40℃ to make the waterproof adhesive layer in a molten state, and using a vacuum laminator to perform negative pressure defoaming treatment at a pressure of 5 kPa to 300 kPa for 20 min to obtain the photovoltaic module.

[0112] Comparative Example One

[0113] The photovoltaic module of Comparative Example One is different from Example One in that the viscosity of the light-transmissive adhesive is controlled to be 2,000 cs by using vinyl silicone oil with a viscosity close to 2,000 cs, and the rest is the same as Example One.

[0114] Comparative Example Two

[0115] The photovoltaic module of Comparative Example Two is different from Example One in that the viscosity of the light-transmissive adhesive is controlled to be 60,000 cs by using vinyl silicone oil with a viscosity close to 60,000 cs, and the rest is the same as Example One.

[0116] Experiment One

[0117] The optical photographs of the photovoltaic modules prepared in Example One, Comparative Example One and Comparative Example Two are shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.

[0118] FIG. 2 shows that the encapsulation effect of the photovoltaic module is good, without adhesive overflow or bubble residue. FIG. 3 shows that the photovoltaic module has obvious adhesive overflow phenomenon. The position indicated by the gray arrow in FIG. 4 shows that the photovoltaic module has a small bubble, proving that the light-transmissive adhesive of Example One has better flowability and viscosity during the defoaming treatment process, and the encapsulation effect of the photovoltaic module is excellent. The viscosity of the light-transmissive adhesive of Comparative Example One is too low, and the flowability is too large, so adhesive overflow phenomenon occurs. The viscosity of the light-transmissive adhesive of Comparative Example Two is too high, and the flowability is too small, so bubble residue occurs.

[0119] The technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail above, and specific examples are applied herein to describe the principles and implementation manners of the present application. The above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the technical solutions of the present application and the core ideas thereof. Meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present application, the specific implementation manners and application ranges can be changed, and the above description of the embodiments should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module comprises: a first photovoltaic glass and a second photovoltaic glass arranged oppositely; a frame-shaped waterproof adhesive layer arranged between the first photovoltaic glass and the second photovoltaic glass; a light-transmitting adhesive layer filled in a space enclosed by the first photovoltaic glass, the second photovoltaic glass and the waterproof adhesive layer; a solar cell encapsulated in the light-transmitting adhesive layer; wherein the light-transmitting adhesive layer comprises the following components in mass fraction: vinyl silicone oil 120-180 parts silicone resin 30-50 parts hydrogen-containing silicone oil 5-15 parts platinum complex catalyst 10-20 ppm inhibitor 100-200 ppm; the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive layer is 20000-50000 cs.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, the viscosity of the light-transmitting adhesive layer is 20000-35000 cs.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, the curing temperature of the light-transmitting adhesive layer is 20-80℃; and / or, the light-transmitting adhesive layer does not contain a filler and a colorant; and / or, the transparency of the light-transmitting adhesive layer is greater than or equal to 95%; and / or, the material of the top layer of the solar cell comprises any one of a transparent conductive oxide or a silicon nitride.

4. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the material of the waterproof adhesive layer is butyl rubber.

5. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein: the melting temperature of the butyl rubber is 35-85℃.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a sealing adhesive layer is arranged at the joint of the waterproof adhesive layer and the first photovoltaic glass and / or the second photovoltaic glass.

7. The photovoltaic module of claim 6, wherein, the material of the sealing adhesive layer comprises one or a combination of polyurethane sealant, acrylic sealant, epoxy sealant or silicone sealant.

8. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module comprises the following steps: attaching a frame-shaped waterproof adhesive layer to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass, so that the waterproof adhesive layer cooperates with the first photovoltaic glass to form a groove; filling a first light-transmitting adhesive layer in the groove, so that the first light-transmitting adhesive layer is laid on the surface of the first photovoltaic glass; placing the solar cell on the first light-transmitting adhesive layer; filling a second light-transmitting adhesive layer in the groove covered with the second photovoltaic glass, wherein the first light-transmitting adhesive layer and the second light-transmitting adhesive layer are both the light-transmitting adhesive layer, and the second photovoltaic glass covers the open end of the groove; when the waterproof adhesive layer is in a molten state, carrying out defoaming and attaching to obtain the photovoltaic module.

9. The method of encapsulating a photovoltaic assembly according to claim 8, wherein, The liquid level of the second light-transmitting adhesive layer is 0.75-0.85 times the height of the groove.

10. The method of encapsulating a photovoltaic assembly according to claim 9, wherein, The height of the groove relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass is 1-3 mm, the filling height of the first light-transmitting adhesive layer relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass is 100-1000 μm, and the filling height of the second light-transmitting adhesive layer relative to the first light-transmitting adhesive layer is 300-1000 μm.

11. The method of encapsulating a photovoltaic assembly according to claim 10, wherein, The filling height of the first light-transmitting adhesive layer relative to the surface of the first photovoltaic glass is 100-500 μm, and the filling height of the second light-transmitting adhesive layer relative to the first light-transmitting adhesive layer is 300-600 μm.

12. The method of encapsulating a photovoltaic assembly of claim 8, wherein, The first light-transmitting adhesive layer is filled into the groove by a gluing method, and the second light-transmitting adhesive layer is filled into the groove by a gluing or injection method.

13. The method of encapsulating a photovoltaic assembly of claim 12, wherein, The second light-transmitting glue is filled into the groove in the glue injection mode, the groove is provided with a glue injection port for injecting the second light-transmitting glue and an air outlet for discharging air, and the second photovoltaic glass covers the open end of the groove before the second light-transmitting glue is filled; or, The second light-transmitting glue is filled into the groove in the glue coating mode, the second photovoltaic glass covers the open end of the groove after the second light-transmitting glue is filled, and the glue coating mode includes slit coating or blade coating.

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