Acoustic metamaterial unit, acoustic metamaterial unit group, speaker cover, speaker, and vehicle

Abstract

A vehicle, comprising a speaker. The speaker has an acoustic metamaterial unit. The acoustic metamaterial unit comprises a main body having a cavity formed therein, and inner walls of the cavity comprise a first side wall and a second side wall disposed opposite each other. At least one of the first side wall and the second side wall is provided with an extension portion extending towards the other of the first side wall and the second side wall, and a free end of the extension portion is spaced apart from the other of the first side wall and the second side wall.

Description

Acoustic super unit, acoustic super unit group, loudspeaker cover, loudspeaker and vehicle

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent publication with the publication number 202411097548.2, the title of "Acoustic super unit, acoustic super unit group, loudspeaker cover, loudspeaker and vehicle", which was filed on August 12, 2024, in the China Patent Office, the whole content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to, but is not limited to, the technical field of loudspeakers, in particular to an acoustic super unit, an acoustic super unit group, a loudspeaker cover, a loudspeaker and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0003] A loudspeaker is a transducer that converts electrical signals into acoustic signals, and the performance of the loudspeaker greatly affects the sound quality. The loudspeaker is the weakest device in the sound equipment, but it is also the most important component for sound effects.

[0004] In the related art, the loudspeaker includes a plurality of propagation units arranged in order, and sound can usually be propagated from the front of the loudspeaker after passing through the plurality of propagation units from the back of the loudspeaker, and a user located in front of the loudspeaker can hear the sound emitted by the loudspeaker. However, the loudspeaker has a high-frequency directivity, and the sound heard from the center position of one side of the loudspeaker is relatively strong, and the sound heard from the edge position close to the above-mentioned side of the loudspeaker is relatively weak. That is, the loudspeaker has the defects of uneven sound field distribution and poor listening from the side. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the first object of the present application is to provide an acoustic super unit, which reduces the sound difference between the front and the side, makes the sound field of the propagated sound more uniform, and improves the listening.

[0006] The second object of the present application is to provide an acoustic super unit group using the above-mentioned acoustic super unit.

[0007] The third object of the present application is to provide a loudspeaker cover using the above-mentioned acoustic super unit group.

[0008] The fourth object of the present application is to provide a loudspeaker using the above-mentioned acoustic super unit, or using the above-mentioned acoustic super unit group, or using the above-mentioned loudspeaker cover.

[0009] The fifth object of the present application is to provide a vehicle using the above-mentioned acoustic super unit, or using the above-mentioned acoustic super unit group, or using the above-mentioned loudspeaker cover, or using the above-mentioned loudspeaker.

[0010] According to the acoustic super unit of the first aspect of the present application, the cavity is formed in the main body, the inner wall of the cavity comprises the first side wall and the second side wall opposite to each other, and at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall is provided with an extension part extending towards the other one of the first side wall and the second side wall, and the free end of the extension part is spaced apart from the other one of the first side wall and the second side wall.

[0011] According to the acoustic super unit of the first aspect of the present application, the cavity is formed in the main body, the inner wall of the cavity comprises the first side wall and the second side wall opposite to each other, and at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall is provided with an extension part extending towards the other one of the first side wall and the second side wall, and the free end of the extension part is spaced apart from the other one of the first side wall and the second side wall.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first side wall is provided with at least one first extension part extending towards the second side wall, and the second side wall is provided with at least one second extension part extending towards the first side wall, and the first extension part and the second extension part are arranged in intervals along the first side wall and the second side wall.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the inner wall of the cavity further comprises the third side wall and the fourth side wall opposite to each other, the third side wall and the fourth side wall are connected between the two sides of the first side wall and the second side wall, and the two sides of the first extension part and the second extension part are connected with the third side wall and the fourth side wall respectively.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first side wall and the second side wall are parallel to each other, the first extension part is perpendicular to the first side wall, and the second extension part is perpendicular to the second side wall.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, one end of the first extension part connected with the first side wall and the first side wall are connected in a round corner transition, and one end of the second extension part connected with the second side wall and the second side wall are connected in a round corner transition.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first extension part and the second extension part are respectively a plurality of, and the plurality of first extension parts and the plurality of second extension parts are arranged in intervals alternately along the first side wall and the second side wall.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the minimum distance between the free end of the first extension part and the outer surface of the first side wall is a, and the distance between the center planes of two adjacent first extension parts is d, wherein the d satisfies: d = 8mm-a.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, a minimum distance between a free end of the first extension and an outer surface of the first side wall is a, and a distance between a center plane of the first extension and an end of the main body adjacent to the first extension is c, wherein the a and c respectively satisfy: 2mm≤a≤6mm, and 1mm≤c≤4mm.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, a minimum distance between a free end of the first extension and an outer surface of the first side wall is a, and a length of the main body in a direction perpendicular to an extension direction of the main body is h, wherein the h and a satisfy: h>a.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present application, the acoustic super unit is centrosymmetric around a center of the main body.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the second aspect of the present application, the acoustic super unit group comprises the acoustic super unit according to the first aspect of the present application.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present application, the acoustic super units are multiple, the multiple acoustic super units have different abrupt phase, and the multiple acoustic super units are arranged in a period of 0-2π along the abrupt phase.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present application, the multiple acoustic super units are arranged along a thickness direction of the first side wall of the acoustic super unit.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present application, a phase change between any two adjacent acoustic super units is π / 8.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the third aspect of the present application, the loudspeaker cover surface comprises multiple acoustic super units according to the first aspect of the present application, or at least one acoustic super unit group according to the second aspect of the present application.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present application, the loudspeaker cover surface further comprises a shell, the multiple acoustic super units or the acoustic super unit group are arranged on an inner circumferential side of the shell, the multiple acoustic super units with different abrupt phase are arranged outward from a center point of the shell, and the multiple acoustic super units of the acoustic super unit group are arranged outward from the center point of the shell.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present application, the abrupt phase of the multiple acoustic super units with the same distance from the center of the shell is the same, and the multiple acoustic super units with the same distance from the center of the shell are arranged along a circumferential direction of the shell.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present application, the loudspeaker cover includes a plurality of acoustic super units, the plurality of acoustic super units are arranged in turn from the center point of the shell outward with a period of 0-2π, or the plurality of acoustic super units are arranged in turn from the center point of the shell outward with a period of 0-2π; when the loudspeaker cover includes the acoustic super unit group, the acoustic super unit group is a plurality, the plurality of acoustic super unit groups are arranged from the center point of the shell outward, or the plurality of acoustic super unit groups are arranged from the center point of the shell outward.

[0029] The loudspeaker according to the fourth aspect of the present application includes the acoustic super unit according to the first aspect of the present application, or the acoustic super unit group according to the second aspect of the present application, or the loudspeaker cover according to the third aspect of the present application.

[0030] The vehicle according to the fifth aspect of the present application includes the acoustic super unit according to the first aspect of the present application, or the acoustic super unit group according to the second aspect of the present application, or the loudspeaker cover according to the third aspect of the present application, or the loudspeaker according to the fourth aspect of the present application.

[0031] The features and advantages of embodiments of the present application will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of embodiments of the present application.

[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic super unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG. 2 is a top view of an acoustic super unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic super unit according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG. 4 is a top view of an acoustic super unit according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic super unit according to still another embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG. 6 is a top view of an acoustic super unit according to still another embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG. 7 is a front view of an acoustic super unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a loudspeaker cover according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig. 9 is a front view of a loudspeaker enclosure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a loudspeaker enclosure according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig. 11 is a front view of a loudspeaker enclosure according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a loudspeaker according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Fig. 13 is a schematic view of an acoustic super unit group according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig. 14 is a schematic view of mutation phase of different a, c;

[0047] Fig. 15 is a directivity diagram of the present application compared with a conventional loudspeaker enclosure.

[0048] Reference signs: 100, acoustic super unit; 1, main body; 11, cavity; 110, extension; 111, first side wall; 1111, first extension; 112, second side wall; 1121, second extension; 113, third side wall; 114, fourth side wall; 200, acoustic super unit group; 300, loudspeaker enclosure; 301, shell; 400, loudspeaker; A, improved front directivity; B, improved back directivity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, and an acoustic super unit 100 according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application is described below with reference to Figs. 1-7.

[0050] As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the acoustic super unit 100 according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application includes a main body 1.

[0051] Specifically, the main body 1 is formed with a cavity 11, inner walls of the cavity 11 include a first side wall 111 and a second side wall 112 opposite to each other, at least one of the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 is provided with an extension 110 extending towards the other one of the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112, a free end of the extension 110 is spaced apart from the other one of the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112. That is, when the first side wall 111 is provided with the extension 110, the extension 110 extends from the first side wall 111 towards a side where the second side wall 112 is located, and an end of the extension 110 close to the second side wall 112 is spaced apart from the second side wall 112. Similarly, when the second side wall 112 is provided with the extension 110, the extension 110 extends from the second side wall 112 towards a side where the first side wall 111 is located, and an end of the extension 110 close to the first side wall 111 is spaced apart from the first side wall 111. Of course, the extension 110 can be provided only on the first side wall 111, or only on the second side wall 112, or the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 are respectively provided with the extension 110.

[0052] For example, in the examples of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 are respectively two side walls of the main body 1 along the left-right direction, and hereinafter, the right side wall is taken as the first side wall 111, and the left side wall is taken as the second side wall 112. The main body 1 can be provided in a cuboid structure. Thus, by providing the extension 110, the propagation path of the sound wave in the cavity 11 is increased. For example, when the sound is transmitted from the rear side of the main body 1, the sound wave propagates in the cavity 11 along the first side wall 111, the second side wall 112 and the extension 110, compared with the sound propagating in a straight line from the rear side of the main body 1 to the front side of the main body 1, the propagation path of the sound wave is increased, so as to change the abrupt phase of the sound transmitted from one end. When the acoustic super unit 100 is used for the loudspeaker 400, the sound difference of the front side (for example, in the direction of the central axis of the main body 1) and the side (for example, in the direction having an angle with the central axis of the main body 1) of the side where the sound is transmitted is weakened, so that the sound field of the propagated sound is more uniform, and the listening experience is improved. In addition, the structure of the main body 1 is simple, and the production and processing are convenient.

[0053] According to the acoustic super unit 100 of the embodiment of the present application, by providing the extension 110, the propagation path of the sound wave is increased, so as to change the abrupt phase of the sound transmitted from one end. Moreover, the structure of the main body 1 is simple, and the production and processing are convenient. When the acoustic super unit 100 is used for the loudspeaker 400, the sound difference of the front side and the side of the side where the sound is transmitted is weakened, so that the sound field of the propagated sound is more uniform, and the listening experience is improved.

[0054] According to some embodiments of the present application, in combination with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the first side wall 111 is provided with at least one first extension 1111 extending towards the second side wall 112, the second side wall 112 is provided with at least one second extension 1121 extending towards the first side wall 111, and the first extension 1111 and the second extension 1121 are arranged at intervals along the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 (i.e. the extension direction of the main body 1). The above-mentioned along the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 refers to along the extension direction of the first side wall 111 or the second side wall 112, i.e. the front-rear direction in FIG. 1.

[0055] For example, in the example of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 are respectively the two side walls of the main body 1 along the left-right direction, and the right side wall is taken as the first side wall 111 and the left side wall is taken as the second side wall 112 in the following description. The main body 1 can be provided in a cuboid structure. Thus, by providing the first extension 1111 and the second extension 1121, the first extension 1111, the second extension 1121 and the inner wall surface of the main body 1 jointly define an S-shaped channel for sound propagation. For example, when sound is transmitted into the main body 1 from the rear side, the sound wave propagates in the channel along the extension direction of the channel, which increases the propagation path of the sound wave compared with the sound propagating in a straight line from the rear side of the main body 1 to the front side of the main body 1, so as to change the abrupt phase of the sound at the transmission end. When the acoustic super unit 100 is used for the loudspeaker 400, the sound difference of the front side (e.g. the direction of the central axis of the main body 1) and the side (e.g. the direction having an angle with the central axis of the main body 1) of the sound transmitted out is weakened, so that the sound field of the propagated sound is more uniform, and the listening experience is improved. In addition, the structure of the main body 1 is simple, and the production and processing are convenient.

[0056] According to some embodiments of the present application, in combination with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the inner wall of the cavity 11 further includes a third side wall 113 and a fourth side wall 114 opposite to each other, the third side wall 113 and the fourth side wall 114 are connected between the two sides of the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112, and the two sides of the first extension 1111 and the second extension 1121 are connected with the third side wall 113 and the fourth side wall 114 respectively.

[0057] For example, in the examples of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the upper and lower side walls of the main body 1 are respectively the third side wall 113 and the fourth side wall 114, and the first side wall 111, the second side wall 112, the third side wall 113 and the fourth side wall 114 jointly define the cavity 11. The upper and lower sides of the first extension 1111 are respectively connected to the third side wall 113 and the fourth side wall 114, and the upper and lower sides of the second extension 1121 are also respectively connected to the third side wall 113 and the fourth side wall 114. Therefore, there is no gap between the upper and lower sides of the first extension 1111 and the third side wall 113 and the fourth side wall 114, and there is also no gap between the upper and lower sides of the second extension 1121 and the third side wall 113 and the fourth side wall 114. Sound waves can only propagate from the space defined by the first extension 1111, the second extension 1121 and the inner wall of the main body 1, and the sound is relatively concentrated, which improves the sound effect of the sound emitted from the front side of the main body 1.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present application, with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 are parallel to each other, the first extension 1111 is perpendicular to the first side wall 111, and the second extension 1121 is perpendicular to the second side wall 112. In this way, on the one hand, the structure of the main body 1 is simple, the production difficulty is low, and the sound field is relatively uniform after the sound is propagated out, which is also conducive to the processing of the main body 1. On the other hand, it makes the propagation of sound more smooth, thereby facilitating the use of the acoustic super unit 100.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the present application, in combination with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the end of the first extension 1111 connected to the first side wall 111 is rounded (or smoothly) transitioned with the first side wall 111, and the end of the second extension 1121 connected to the second side wall 112 is rounded (or smoothly) transitioned with the second side wall 112. For example, in the examples of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the right end of the first extension 1111 is smoothly transitioned with the first side wall 111, and the left end of the second extension 1121 is smoothly transitioned with the second side wall 112. Therefore, the connection between the first extension 1111 and the first side wall 111 is stable, which improves the use stability of the first extension 1111, thereby improving the stability of the overall structure of the main body 1. In addition, the connection between the second extension 1121 and the second side wall 112 is also relatively stable, thereby being more conducive to the long-term stable use of the acoustic super unit 100.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present application, with reference to FIGS. 3-7, the first extensions 1111 and the second extensions 1121 are respectively multiple, and the multiple first extensions 1111 and the multiple second extensions 1121 are alternately and spacedly arranged along the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112 (e.g. the extension direction of the main body 1). For example, in the examples of FIGS. 3-7, the first extensions 1111 and the second extensions 1121 are respectively provided with two or three, and of course more can be provided according to the needs of use. Preferably, the first extensions 1111 and the second extensions 1121 are respectively provided with two. When the first extensions 1111 and the second extensions 1121 are respectively provided with two, the two first extensions 1111 and the two second extensions 1121 are staggered and spacedly arranged along the front-rear direction of the main body 1. Thus, the propagation path of the sound wave in the cavity 11 is increased, the volume difference (e.g. decibel difference) of different angular positions of the sound transmission end is further reduced, the uniformity of the sound field after the sound wave is transmitted is improved, and the use performance of the acoustic super unit 100 is further improved.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present application, with reference to FIGS. 3-7, the minimum distance between the free end of the first extension 1111 (i.e. the end of the first extension 1111 away from the first side wall 111) and the outer surface of the first side wall 111 is a, and the distance between the center planes of two adjacent first extensions 1111 is d, wherein d satisfies: d = 8mm - a. For example, in the examples of FIGS. 3-7, the vertical distance in the left-right direction between the left end of the first extension 1111 and the outer surface of the first side wall 111 is a, and the horizontal distance in the front-rear direction of the main body 1 between two adjacent first extensions 1111 is d. Thus, by a to define the size of d, the arrangement of the multiple first extensions 1111 and the multiple second extensions 1121 is reasonable, which is conducive to improving the uniformity of the sound field distribution of the sound transmission end.

[0062] According to some embodiments of the present application, with reference to FIGS. 3-7, the minimum distance between the free end of the first extension 1111 and the outer surface of the first side wall 111 is a, and the distance between the center plane of the first extension 1111 and the end of the main body 1 adjacent to the first extension 1111 is c, wherein a and c respectively satisfy: 2mm≤a≤6mm, 1mm≤c≤4mm.

[0063] For example, in the example of FIGS. 3-7, the vertical distance in the left-right direction between the left end of the first extension 1111 and the outer surface of the first side wall 111 is a, and the horizontal distance between the first extension 1111 adjacent to the rear side of the main body 1 and the rear end surface of the main body 1 is c. According to the acoustic metasurface phase control principle and the finite element simulation method, it is calculated that when a and c satisfy 2mm≤a≤6mm and 1mm≤c≤4mm respectively, the sizes of a and c are reasonable, and by changing the minimum distance a between the free end of the first extension 1111 and the outer surface of the first side wall 111 and the distance c between the central plane of the first extension 1111 and the end of the main body 1 adjacent to the first extension 1111, acoustic waves with different abrupt phases can be obtained, so that through the arrangement and combination of a plurality of acoustic super units 100 with different abrupt phases, different acoustic super unit groups 200 can be obtained according to different use requirements, so as to better meet the use.

[0064] According to some embodiments of the present application, in combination with FIGS. 3-7, the minimum distance between the free end of the first extension 1111 and the outer surface of the first side wall 111 is a, and the length of the main body 1 in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the main body 1 is h, wherein h and a satisfy: h>a. For example, in the example of FIGS. 3-7, the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the main body 1 is a square, the side length of the square is h, the side length of the cavity 11 is i, the thickness of the side wall of the main body 1 is t, and the length of the main body 1 is w, i.e. h-2t=i. In the present application, h is taken as 7mm, t is taken as 0.5mm, i is taken as 6mm, and w is taken as 14mm. The sizes of a and c and the relationship between a and d are the best sizes and size relationships calculated under the above sizes. When the size of the main body 1 changes, the sizes of a and c and the relationship between a and d derived according to the acoustic metasurface phase control principle and the finite element simulation method will change accordingly.

[0065] In this way, there is a gap between the free end of the first extension 1111 and the second side wall 112, so that the sound wave can propagate from one side of the front-rear direction of the first extension 1111 to the other side of the front-rear direction of the first extension 1111 through the gap between the free end of the first extension 1111 and the second side wall 112, thereby facilitating the definition of the propagation path of the sound wave.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present application, in combination with FIG. 3-7, the acoustic super unit 100 is centrosymmetric around the center of the main body 1. In other words, the acoustic super unit 100 is centrosymmetric along the center of the plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the main body 1. The centrosymmetry can be understood as that the first extension part 1111 is the second extension part 1121 after rotating 180° around the center of the main body 1. Thus, by limiting the size and structure of the first extension part 1111 and the distance between two adjacent first extension parts 1111, the arrangement and size of the corresponding second extension part 1121 can be obtained, which is conducive to the use of the acoustic super unit 100 and reduces the processing difficulty of the acoustic super unit 100.

[0067] According to the acoustic super unit group 200 of the second aspect of the present application, in combination with FIG. 13, the acoustic super unit group 200 comprises the acoustic super unit 100 according to the first aspect of the present application.

[0068] According to the acoustic super unit group 200 of the second aspect of the present application, by using the acoustic super unit 100 described above, the use performance of the acoustic super unit group 200 is improved.

[0069] According to some embodiments of the present application, in combination with FIG. 13, the acoustic super unit 100 is a plurality of acoustic super units 100, the phase of the plurality of acoustic super units 100 is different, and the plurality of acoustic super units 100 are arranged in turn along the phase with a period of 0-2π. It should be noted that the plurality of acoustic super units 100 can be arranged in turn from 0 to 2π, or from 2π to 0, or from any point in 0-2π with 2π as a period. It should be noted that the acoustic super unit 100 in FIG. 13 is the perspective view of the plane constructed in the up-down direction and the left-right direction in FIG. 1, and the acoustic super unit 100 in FIG. 13 is the perspective view of the acoustic super unit 100 in FIG. 12 from the top or bottom.

[0070] For example, by selecting the acoustic super unit 100 as a basic unit, different size units are used to obtain different phase mutations. Due to different size parameters, different phase mutations are obtained. Therefore, by means of the finite element method, the phase mutation of the acoustic super unit 100 is calculated. Specifically, after the geometric parameters are parameterized, different units under different parameters (for example, a is between [2, 6], b is 1, c is between [1, 4], d is 8-a, w is 14, h is 7, t is 0.5, l is 6, unit: mm) are obtained by parameter sweeping, and the finite element software is used to calculate the mutation phase. As shown in FIG. 14, the darker the color, the smaller the mutation phase. Based on this, 16 acoustic super units 100 are selected, as shown in FIG. 13. For example, by changing the size of the acoustic super unit 100, acoustic super units 100 with different phase mutations can be obtained to obtain the acoustic super unit group 200 with 16 acoustic super units 100 shown in FIG. 13. In this way, by arranging and combining multiple acoustic super units 100, the sound field distribution of the sound output end is uniform, and the sound difference is small, which is conducive to the use of the acoustic super unit group 200.

[0071] According to some embodiments of the present application, in combination with FIG. 13, the multiple acoustic super units 100 are arranged along the thickness direction of the first side wall 111 of the acoustic super unit 100. That is, the multiple acoustic super units 100 are arranged in sequence along the arrangement direction of the first side wall 111 and the second side wall 112. In this way, the arrangement is simple, convenient to use, and conducive to the use of the acoustic super unit group 200.

[0072] According to some embodiments of the present application, the phase change between any two adjacent acoustic super units 100 is π / 8. For example, in the example of FIG. 13, the mutation phase from left to right is 0, π / 8, π / 4, 3π / 8, π / 2, 5π / 8, 3π / 4, 7π / 8, π, 9π / 8, 5π / 4, 11π / 8, 3π / 2, 13π / 8, 7π / 4, 15π / 8. In this way, the mutation phase of the multiple acoustic super units 100 is reasonably designed, which can meet the use requirements. For example, in combination with FIG. 1 and FIG. 15, the angle of the central axis of the main body 1 is 90°, and by using the above-mentioned acoustic super unit group 200, the angle between the plane on the side where the sound propagates out and the plane on the side where the sound propagates in is in the range of 30°-150°, and the difference of the sound size, for example, the decibel value, is reduced more relative to the traditional, which also confirms that the sound field distribution is more uniform after using the acoustic super unit group 200 of the present application.

[0073] The loudspeaker cover surface 300 according to the third aspect of the present application, in combination with FIGS. 8-11, includes multiple acoustic super units 100 according to the above-mentioned first aspect of the present application, or at least one acoustic super unit group 200 according to the above-mentioned second aspect of the present application.

[0074] According to the loudspeaker cover 300 of the embodiments of the present application, by using the acoustic super unit 100 or the acoustic super unit group 200, the sound volume distribution heard from different angles of the sound transmission side of the loudspeaker cover 300 is more uniform, which is more conducive to the use of the loudspeaker cover 300 and improves the user experience.

[0075] According to some embodiments of the present application, referring to FIGS. 8-11, the loudspeaker cover 300 further comprises a shell 301, the plurality of acoustic super units 100 or the acoustic super unit groups 200 are arranged on the inner circumferential side of the shell 301, the plurality of acoustic super units 100 with different abrupt phase are arranged outward from the center point of the shell 301, and the plurality of acoustic super units 100 of the acoustic super unit group 200 are arranged outward from the center point of the shell 301.

[0076] That is, when the loudspeaker cover 300 comprises a plurality of acoustic super units 100, the plurality of acoustic super units 100 have different abrupt phases, that is, there is one acoustic super unit 100 for each abrupt phase, and at this time, the plurality of acoustic super units 100 are arranged outward from the center point of the shell 301. The outward arrangement of the center point only refers to the arrangement direction, for example, radially outward from the center of the shell 301. In this way, the arrangement of the plurality of acoustic super units 100 is facilitated, and the use of the loudspeaker cover 300 is facilitated.

[0077] For example, in the examples of FIGS. 8-11, the shell 301 can be a circular or square shell 301. When the shell 301 is a circular shell 301, the plurality of acoustic super units 100 of the acoustic super unit group 200 can be arranged radially outward from the center of the shell 301 in sequence, or radially inward in sequence. That is, the plurality of acoustic super units 100 can be arranged in sequence from 0 to 2π, or from 2π to 0, or in sequence from any value in 0 to 2π. When the shell 301 is a square shell 301, one or more acoustic super units 100 can be arranged at the center of the shell 301, and then arranged radially outward or radially inward in sequence, so that the sound field distribution on the side of the loudspeaker cover 300 where the sound propagates out is uniform. It should be noted that the acoustic super units 100 with the same abrupt phase can be multiple, and the acoustic super units 100 at the center of the shell 301 can be one or multiple acoustic super units 100 with the same abrupt phase.

[0078] According to some embodiments of the present application, in combination with FIGS. 8-11, the phase jumps of the plurality of acoustic super units 100 equal to the distance from the center of the shell 301 are the same, and the plurality of acoustic super units 100 equal to the distance from the center of the shell 301 are arranged along the circumference of the shell 301. That is, a plurality of acoustic super units 100 equal to the distance from the center of the shell 301 can be arranged on the circumference, and the plurality of acoustic super units 100 are arranged along the circumference of the shell 301. Thus, the arrangement of the plurality of acoustic super units 100 of the acoustic super unit group 200 is reasonable, which is conducive to the processing of the speaker 400 cover, and also conducive to the better use of the speaker 400 cover.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the speaker cover 300 includes a plurality of acoustic super units 100, the plurality of acoustic super units 100 are arranged in sequence from the center point of the shell 301 outward with a period of 0-2π, or the plurality of acoustic super units 100 are arranged in sequence from the center point of the shell 301 outward with a period of 0-2π. For example, the phase jump of the plurality of acoustic super units can be arranged from 0, or from 2π, or from any point in 0-2π, for example, 9π / 8, with a period of 2π. Thus, the arrangement of the plurality of acoustic super units 100 is convenient, which is conducive to the use of the speaker cover 300. Specifically, the arrangement of the plurality of acoustic super units 100 can be set according to the needs of use, so as to better meet the actual application.

[0080] Alternatively, when the speaker cover 300 includes an acoustic super unit group 200, the acoustic super unit group 200 is a plurality, and the plurality of acoustic super unit groups 200 are arranged outward from the center point of the shell 301 (radially outward), or the plurality of acoustic super unit groups 200 are arranged from the center point of the shell 301 (radially inward). That is, a certain number of acoustic super unit groups 200 can be set according to the needs of actual use, and the plurality of acoustic super unit groups 200 can be arranged radially inward or radially outward along the shell 301. Thus, the use performance of the speaker 400 cover is met, and the sound playing effect is improved.

[0081] In the present application, according to the phase control principle of acoustic super surface and the finite element simulation method, a structure and function integrated speaker cover 300 with a plurality of acoustic super units 100 is designed as needed. The speaker cover 300 can improve the high-frequency scattering performance of the speaker 400, so as to make the sound field more uniform, improve the stereo sense of the speaker 400, and at the same time prevent the diaphragm of the speaker 400 from being damaged. It can be placed flexibly in different speakers 400. Of course, cover designs with similar functions such as improving directivity can also be performed.

[0082] The design principle of the acoustic super unit 100 and the speaker cover 300 of the present application is as follows:

[0083] Three steps are used to design the loudspeaker enclosure 300, including designing surface phase, combining finite element design unit, arranging multiple acoustic super units 100 according to mounting space, phase distribution.

[0084] The acoustic super material is a super material system with sub-wavelength thickness formed by a plurality of microstructure units arranged in a special sequence, which can flexibly and effectively regulate sound waves and realize various novel acoustic phenomena and functions.

[0085] First, design the surface phase: according to the generalized refraction law, when sound waves are transmitted from a medium with a sound speed of ci at an incident angle θi to a medium with a sound speed of ct through the super surface, the refraction angle θt satisfies the following formula: k t sinθ t -k i sinθ i =dΦ(x) / dx

[0086] Where ki=2πf / ci, kt=2πf / ct are the wave speeds on both sides of the super surface, and dΦ(x) / dx is the abrupt phase distribution provided by the super surface. Therefore, as long as the super surface provides a suitable abrupt phase dΦ(x) / dx, the refraction direction θt can be arbitrarily adjusted. Integrating the above formula, we get: Φ(x)=∫[k t sinθ t -k i sinθ i ]dx,

[0087] Considering that the media on both sides of the super surface are only air (i.e., kt=ki=k0), and the normal incidence (θt=0), it can be simplified as Φ(x)=k0∫sinθ t (x)dx, so we can design the phase jump by the required refraction angle.

[0088] The parameters of the ideal super surface should be continuously variable or infinitely divisible, but it is not easy to achieve in practical applications, so it needs to be discretized for actual operation. For the acoustic super surface we need, the super surface with a total area of L*H can be discretized into N*M blocks, and the area of each block is (L / N)*(H / M). Then the abrupt phase provided by the super surface, which is continuously variable from 0 to 2π, is discretized into U kinds, and each abrupt phase has a phase difference of 2π / U between them. For the acoustic super surface we designed, the abrupt phase Φ'(nL / N,mH / M) provided by the unit at (x,y)=(nL / N,mH / M) should be as close as possible to the ideal abrupt phase Φ(nL / N,mH / M) at that position, and their relationship is as follows:

[0089] Second, the finite element optimization design unit: the application selects the acoustic super unit 100 as the basic unit, changes the size of the first extension part 1111 and the second extension part 1121 to obtain different mutation phases, and the specific size is as described in the first aspect of the application, and the acoustic super unit group 200 of the second aspect of the application is obtained as shown in FIG. 13.

[0090] Third, according to the arrangement of space and phase change: the speaker cover surface 300 of the structure and function integrated acoustic super structure places different acoustic super units 100 from the center of the circle according to the 0 to 2π rule, and then realizes the deflection of the sound wave away from the surface normal, and refracts to the radial direction, and improves the high-frequency diffusivity, as shown in FIG. 12. And place it in front of the diaphragm of the loudspeaker 400. Without placing the cover, the forward sound is much larger than the sound on both sides, which leads to the fact that the side listening is not full. After placing the loudspeaker cover 300, the sound pressure in each direction is balanced, improving the side listening, as shown in the directivity diagram of FIG. 15, A indicates the improvement of the front directivity, and B indicates the improvement of the rear directivity.

[0091] The phase control principle of the superstructure material is combined into the loudspeaker cover surface 300, and different cover functions are designed according to the requirements, which not only has a good appearance and the function of protecting the internal structure of the loudspeaker 400, but most importantly, can adjust the sound field of the loudspeaker 400 according to the design requirements.

[0092] Different loudspeaker covers 300 can be designed according to actual requirements, and the problem solved in the application is that the high frequency (>2000Hz) directivity of the ordinary sound box is strong, which causes the uneven distribution of the entire sound field, thereby causing the best listening position to be small. Therefore, the phase control principle in the acoustic super surface is applied to the loudspeaker 400 mesh cover to reduce the directivity of high-frequency sound, which can make any sound box perform better and have more listening areas. Of course, for occasions that require to improve the directivity (improve the privacy of directional sound playing; need to transmit sound at a long distance, etc.), the cover surface with improved directivity can be designed by changing the arrangement and size of the acoustic super unit 100, and the directivity of the corresponding direction (specific direction) can also be enhanced.

[0093] According to the loudspeaker 400 of the fourth aspect of the application, combined with FIG. 12, the acoustic super unit 100 according to the first aspect of the application, or the acoustic super unit group 200 according to the second aspect of the application, or the loudspeaker cover surface 300 according to the third aspect of the application is included.

[0094] According to the loudspeaker 400 of the fourth aspect of the application, by using the acoustic super unit 100, the acoustic super unit group 200 or the loudspeaker cover surface 300, the use performance of the loudspeaker 400 is improved, and the user's use experience is also improved.

[0095] The vehicle (not shown in the figure) according to the fifth aspect of the present application comprises the acoustic super unit 100 according to the first aspect of the present application, or the acoustic super unit group 200 according to the second aspect of the present application, or the loudspeaker cover 300 according to the third aspect of the present application, or the loudspeaker 400 according to the fourth aspect of the present application.

[0096] The vehicle according to the fifth aspect of the present application improves the use performance of the vehicle and the use experience of the user by using the acoustic super unit 100, the acoustic super unit group 200, the loudspeaker cover 300 or the loudspeaker 400.

[0097] The loudspeaker cover 300, the loudspeaker 400 and the other configurations and operations of the vehicle according to the embodiments of the present application are known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0098] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0099] In the description of the present application, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0100] In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the exemplary description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0101] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An acoustic super unit, comprising: a main body, a cavity being formed in the main body; wherein, an inner wall of the cavity comprises a first side wall and a second side wall opposite to each other; at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall is provided with an extension extending towards the other one of the first side wall and the second side wall, a free end of the extension being spaced apart from the other one of the first side wall and the second side wall.

2. The acoustic superunit of claim 1, wherein, the first side wall is provided with at least one first extension extending towards the second side wall, the second side wall is provided with at least one second extension extending towards the first side wall, the first extension and the second extension are arranged alternately along the first side wall and the second side wall.

3. The acoustic superunit of claim 1 or 2, wherein, the inner wall of the cavity further comprises a third side wall and a fourth side wall opposite to each other, the third side wall and the fourth side wall are connected between two sides of the first side wall and the second side wall, two sides of the first extension and the second extension are connected with the third side wall and the fourth side wall respectively.

4. The acoustic superunit of claim 2 or 3, wherein, the first side wall and the second side wall are parallel to each other, the first extension is perpendicular to the first side wall, and the second extension is perpendicular to the second side wall.

5. The acoustic superunit of claim 2 or 3, wherein, an end of the first extension connected with the first side wall is connected with the first side wall through a rounded corner, and an end of the second extension connected with the second side wall is connected with the second side wall through a rounded corner.

6. The acoustic superunit of claim 2 or 3, wherein, the first extension and the second extension are a plurality of, and the plurality of first extensions and the plurality of second extensions are arranged alternately along the first side wall and the second side wall.

7. The acoustic superunit of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, a minimum distance between the free end of the first extension and an outer surface of the first side wall is a, and a distance between center planes of two adjacent first extensions is d, wherein the d satisfies: d = 8mm - a.

8. The acoustic superunit of claim 2 or 3, wherein, a minimum distance between the free end of the first extension and an outer surface of the first side wall is a, and a distance between a center plane of the first extension and an end of the main body adjacent to the first extension is c, wherein the a and c respectively satisfy: 2mm ≤ a ≤ 6mm, and 1mm ≤ c ≤ 4mm.

9. The acoustic superunit of claim 2 or 3, wherein, a minimum distance between the free end of the first extension and an outer surface of the first side wall is a, and a length of the main body in a direction perpendicular to an extension direction of the main body is h, wherein the h and a satisfy: h > a.

10. The acoustic superunit of any of claims 1-9, wherein, the acoustic super unit is centrosymmetric around a center of the main body. 11.An acoustic super unit group comprising the acoustic super unit according to any one of claims 1-10.

12. The acoustic supercell group of claim 11, wherein, the acoustic super unit is a plurality of, the plurality of acoustic super units have different phase jumps, and the plurality of acoustic super units are arranged in a period of 0-2π along the phase jump.

13. The acoustic supercell group of claim 12, wherein, the plurality of acoustic super units are arranged along a thickness direction of a first side wall of the acoustic super unit.

14. The acoustic supercell group of claim 12, wherein, a phase change between any two adjacent acoustic super units is π / 8. 15.A loudspeaker cover comprising a plurality of acoustic super units according to any one of claims 1-10, or at least one acoustic super unit group according to any one of claims 11-14.

16. The loudspeaker enclosure of claim 15, wherein, Further comprising: The shell, a plurality of said acoustic super units or said acoustic super unit groups are arranged on the inner circumferential side of the shell, a plurality of said acoustic super units with different phase mutations are arranged outward from the center point of the shell, and a plurality of acoustic super units of said acoustic super unit groups are arranged outward from the center point of the shell.

17. The loudspeaker enclosure of claim 16, wherein, The phase mutations of a plurality of said acoustic super units with equal distance from the center of the shell are the same, and a plurality of acoustic super units with equal distance from the center of the shell are arranged along the circumference of the shell.

18. The loudspeaker cover according to any one of claims 15-17, wherein, When the loudspeaker cover surface comprises a plurality of said acoustic super units, a plurality of said acoustic super units are arranged in turn from the center point of the shell outward with a period of 0-2π, or a plurality of said acoustic super units are arranged in turn from the center point of the shell outward with a period of 0-2π. When the loudspeaker cover surface comprises said acoustic super unit groups, said acoustic super unit groups are a plurality, a plurality of said acoustic super unit groups are arranged outward from the center point of the shell, or a plurality of said acoustic super unit groups are arranged from the center point of the shell.

19. A loudspeaker comprising an acoustic super unit according to any one of claims 1-10, or an acoustic super unit group according to any one of claims 11-14, or a loudspeaker cover surface according to any one of claims 15-18.

20. A vehicle comprising an acoustic super unit according to any one of claims 1-10, or an acoustic super unit group according to any one of claims 11-14, or a loudspeaker cover surface according to any one of claims 15-18, or a loudspeaker according to claim 19.

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