Configuration of training field for long range communication

Abstract

From among various examples of the present specification (present disclosure), a PPDU capable of increasing a transmission range may be related to long range (LR), extended range (ER), or enhanced long range or extended long range (ELR) communication. A station (STA) related to the present specification may generate an ELR PPDU including a data field. For example, a bandwidth of the ELR PPDU may be 20 MHz. For example, the data field may be transmitted through four 52-tone resource units (RUs) that are duplicated in a frequency domain in units of 52-tone RUs. For example, the PPDU of the present specification may further comprise an STF (signal / field). The STF may be configured on the basis of a plurality of short time sequences (STSs) repeated in a time domain. For example, one STS may have a duration of 1.6 μs or a duration of 0.8 μs. For example, on the basis that a conjugate operation is applied to one or two STSs among the plurality of STSs, it can be indicated that the PPDU is an extended long range (ELR) PPDU.

Description

Configuration of a training field for long-distance communication

[0001] This specification relates to a wireless LAN system, and more particularly, to a method and device for distinguishing or identifying long range communications in a wireless LAN system.

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the Extreme High Throughput (EHT) standard can utilize newly proposed increased bandwidth, an improved PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, improved sequences, and the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) technique.

[0003] For example, a new standard that further improves the EHT standard is called the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard. The UHR standard may also be referred to as IEEE 802.11bn or WIFI 8. For example, the UHR standard may propose technical features that improve data rates even at low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) levels. Furthermore, the UHR standard may propose technical features that minimize latency and jitter even in scenarios with mobility and overlapping BSSs. Furthermore, the UHR standard may propose technical features for wireless medium reuse.

[0004] For example, the UHR standard may propose a new frame structure or PPDU format. For example, a PPDU format designed to address the problem of transmission power imbalance between uplink and downlink may be discussed in UHR systems.

[0005] A wireless LAN system can operate with various STAs, including access points (APs) and non-AP STAs (stations). Typically, the TX power of an AP is greater than that of a non-AP STA. This difference in TX power can result in a difference between the downlink and uplink signal transmission ranges in a wireless LAN system.

[0006] To overcome these signal transmission range differences, a new physical protocol data unit (PPDU) structure could be proposed. These PPDUs could incorporate a frame structure designed to increase signal transmission range. For example, improved frequency mapping techniques, such as those in the PPDU's data field, may be required to increase signal transmission range.

[0007] Additionally, to accurately decode the PPDU's data fields and other information, information for interpreting the PPDU must be proposed. It is desirable that any newly proposed information not waste information bits in the PPDU's signal field.

[0008] The present disclosure may propose a method for transmitting / receiving a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) with an improved structure and a device related thereto.

[0009] Among the various examples of this specification, a PPDU that can increase the transmission range may be related to LR (long range), ER (extended range), and ELR (enhanced long range or extended long range) communication. An STA (station) related to this specification may generate an ELR PPDU including a data field. For example, the bandwidth of the ELR PPDU may be 20 MHz. For example, the data field may be transmitted through four 52-tone RUs (resource units) duplicated in the frequency domain in units of 52-tone RUs.

[0010] For example, the PPDU of this specification may further include an STF (Signal / Field). The STF may be composed based on multiple STS (Short Time Sequences) that are repeated in the time domain. For example, one STS may have a duration of 1.6 μs or a duration of 0.8 μs.

[0011] For example, based on the application of a conjugate operation to one or two of the plurality of STSs, it may be indicated that the PPDU is an extended long range (ELR) PPDU.

[0012] In other words, based on the fact that the above PPDU is an extended long range (ELR) PPDU, a conjugate operation can be applied to one or two of the above multiple STSs.

[0013] An example in this specification proposes an improved structure for an ELR PPDU. For example, an improved frequency mapping technique is proposed, in which RUs of a specific size are repeated. This can be used to increase the transmission range of a PPDU. For example, the frequency mapping technique for specific fields included in a PPDU can be improved.

[0014] An example of this specification can transmit information related to a PPDU (e.g., PPDU type / format) based on multiple short time sequences (STSs) contained within the PPDU. This provides the technical advantage of accurately indicating information related to the PPDU.

[0015] An example of this specification can accurately signal information about the PPDU type / format without wasting specific bits in the signal field of the PPDU. This technical advantage can be particularly significant when an extended long range (ELR) PPDU is used. Since an ELR PPDU transmits a limited number of bits over a relatively small bandwidth, not wasting information about the PPDU type / format can be technically significant.

[0016] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0017] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0018] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0019] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0020] Figure 5 illustrates a PPDU transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0021] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 20MHz PPDU.

[0022] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0023] Figure 8 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 80MHz PPDU.

[0024] Figure 9 shows the operation according to UL-MU.

[0025] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0026] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0027] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0028] Figure 13 shows an example of a header of a MAC frame.

[0029] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0030] Figure 15 shows an example of a PPDU proposed in this specification.

[0031] Figure 16 illustrates replication in the frequency domain applicable to ELR-SIG.

[0032] Figure 17 shows an example of an ELR PPDU of this specification.

[0033] Figure 18 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification.

[0034] Figure 19 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification.

[0035] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0036] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0037] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0038] In addition, parentheses used in this specification may mean "for example". Specifically, when it is indicated as "control information (UHR-Signal field)", the "UHR-Signal field" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in this specification is not limited to the "UHR-Signal field", and the "UHR-Signal field" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when it is indicated as "control information (UHR-Signal field)", the "UHR-Signal field" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0039] Additionally, as used herein, "a / an" can mean "at least one" or "one or more." Additionally, terms ending in "(s)" can mean "at least one" or "one or more."

[0040] Additionally, the expressions "based on" or "on the basis of" or "according to" used herein mean "based at least in part on" and not "based solely on".

[0041] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0042] The following examples of this specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples of this specification can be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. For example, the present specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac / ax / be / bn standards. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard or the next-generation wireless LAN standard that enhances IEEE 802.11bn. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems. For example, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its evolution based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard.

[0043] In order to explain the technical features of this specification, the technical features to which this specification can be applied are described below.

[0044] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0045] An example of FIG. 1 can perform various technical features described below. FIG. 1 relates to at least one STA (station). For example, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply a user. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, etc. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a receiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, etc.

[0046] For example, STA (110, 120) may perform the role of an AP (access point) or a non-AP role. That is, STA (110, 120) of the present specification may perform the functions of an AP and / or a non-AP. In the present specification, AP may also be indicated as an AP STA.

[0047] The STA (110, 120) of this specification can support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, it can support communication standards according to the 3GPP standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard). In addition, the STA of this specification can be implemented in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, and personal computers. In addition, the STA of this specification can support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communications, and autonomous driving (Self-Driving, Autonomous-Driving).

[0048] In this specification, STA (110, 120) may include a medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium that follow the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0049] Based on the sub-drawing (a) of Fig. 1, STA (110, 120) is described as follows.

[0050] The first STA (110) may include a processor (111), a memory (112), and a transceiver (113). The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two blocks / functions may be implemented through a single chip.

[0051] The transceiver (113) of the first STA performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0052] For example, the first STA (110) can perform the intended operation of the AP. For example, the processor (111) of the AP can receive a signal through the transceiver (113), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (112) of the AP can store a signal (e.g., a received signal) received through the transceiver (113) and store a signal (e.g., a transmitted signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.

[0053] For example, the second STA (120) can perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA. For example, the transceiver (123) of the non-AP performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0054] For example, the processor (121) of the Non-AP STA can receive a signal through the transceiver (123), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (122) of the Non-AP STA can store a signal (e.g., a reception signal) received through the transceiver (123) and store a signal (e.g., a transmission signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.

[0055] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as AP may be performed in the first STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP may be controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110). In addition, when the second STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as an AP is controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal can be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP can be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (110).

[0056] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP (or User-STA) may be performed in the STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the second STA (120) is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as a non-AP may be controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is a non-AP, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP is controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110).

[0057] In the following specification, devices called (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. may refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, devices indicated as (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. without specific drawing symbols may also refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, in the example below, the operation of various STAs transmitting and receiving signals (e.g., PPPDU) may be performed by the transceiver (113, 123) of FIG. 1. In addition, in the example below, the operation of various STAs generating transmission and reception signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed by the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1.For example, an example of an operation for generating a transmission / reception signal or performing data processing or operation in advance for a transmission / reception signal may include 1) an operation for determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 2) an operation for determining / configuring / obtaining time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 3) an operation for determining / configuring / obtaining a specific sequence (e.g., a pilot sequence, an STF / LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and / or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding an ACK signal, etc. Additionally, in the examples below, various information (e.g., information related to fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) used by various STAs for determining / acquiring / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding transmission / reception signals can be stored in the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0058] The device / STA of the sub-drawing (a) of the above-described FIG. 1 can be modified as in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. Hereinafter, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification will be described based on the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1.

[0059] For example, the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the transceiver illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above. For example, the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may include a processor (111, 121) and a memory (112, 122). The processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above.

[0060] The mobile terminal, wireless device, Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, user, user STA, network, Base Station, Node-B, Access Point (AP), repeater, router, relay, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving Device, transmitting Device, receiving Apparatus, and / or transmitting Apparatus described below may refer to the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may refer to the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. That is, the technical feature of the present specification may be performed in the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may be performed only in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1. For example, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal generated in the processor (111, 121) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1 is transmitted through the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal to be transmitted to the transceiver (113, 123) is generated in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1.

[0061] For example, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal being received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processor (111, 121) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG.

[0062] Referring to the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1, software code (115, 125) may be included in the memory (112, 122). The software code (115, 125) may include instructions that control the operation of the processor (111, 121). The software code (115, 125) may be included in various programming languages.

[0063] The processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and / or a data processing device. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or an enhanced processor thereof.

[0064] In this specification, uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in this specification, downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the downlink.

[0065] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0066] The upper part of Figure 2 shows the structure of the infrastructure BSS (basic service set) of IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11.

[0067] Referring to the top of FIG. 2, the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs (200, 205) (hereinafter, BSS). The BSSs (200, 205) are a collection of APs and STAs, such as an access point (AP) 225 and a station (STA1, 200-1), that have successfully synchronized and can communicate with each other, and are not a concept that designates a specific area. The BSS (205) may also include one or more STAs (205-1, 205-2) that can be associated with one AP (230).

[0068] The BSS may include at least one STA, an AP (225, 230) providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS, 210) connecting multiple APs.

[0069] A distributed system (210) can connect multiple BSSs (200, 205) to implement an extended service set (ESS) 240. An ESS (240) can be used as a term to indicate a network formed by connecting one or more APs through the distributed system (210). APs included in a single ESS (240) can have the same SSID (service set identification).

[0070] The portal (portal, 220) can act as a bridge to connect a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) to another network (e.g., 802.X).

[0071] In a BSS such as the upper part of Fig. 2, a network between APs (225, 230) and a network between APs (225, 230) and STAs (200-1, 205-1, 205-2) can be implemented. However, it may also be possible to establish a network and perform communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230). A network that establishes a network and performs communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230) is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

[0072] The bottom of Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

[0073] Referring to the bottom of Fig. 2, the IBSS is a BSS that operates in ad-hoc mode. Since the IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in the IBSS, the STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are managed in a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can be mobile STAs, and access to the distributed system is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.

[0074] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0075] In step S310, the STA may perform a network discovery operation. This network discovery operation may include scanning by the STA. That is, for the STA to access the network, it must find a network it can join. Before joining a wireless network, the STA must identify compatible networks. The process of identifying networks in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

[0076] Figure 3 illustrates a network discovery operation that includes an active scanning process as an example. In active scanning, an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to discover which APs exist in the vicinity while moving between channels and waits for a response. A responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In a BSS, the AP transmits the beacon frame, so the AP becomes the responder. In an IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not constant. For example, an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (e.g., transmitting and receiving probe requests / responses on channel 2) in the same manner.

[0077] Although not shown in the example of FIG. 3, the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner. An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning can wait for a beacon frame while moving between channels. A beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11. It announces the presence of a wireless network and is periodically transmitted so that the scanning STA can find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network. In the BSS, the AP periodically transmits the beacon frame, and in the IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting the beacon frame. When the scanning STA receives a beacon frame, it stores the information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording the beacon frame information on each channel. An STA that receives a beacon frame can store the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner.

[0078] An STA that discovers a network can perform an authentication process through step S320. This authentication process may be referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below. The authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP responds by transmitting an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used for the authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.

[0079] The authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), and a Finite Cyclic Group.

[0080] An STA can transmit an authentication request frame to an AP. The AP can determine whether to grant authentication to the STA based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame. The AP can provide the result of the authentication process to the STA via an authentication response frame.

[0081] A successfully authenticated STA may perform an association process based on step S330. The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response. For example, the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, and interworking service capabilities. For example, the association response frame may contain information related to various capabilities, status codes, Association ID (AID), supported rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), mobility domains, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, QoS maps, etc.

[0082] In step S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of setting up a private key through a four-way handshaking using an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.

[0083] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0084] As illustrated in FIG. 4, multiple multi-link devices (MLDs) can communicate over a remote link. The MLDs can be categorized into AP MLDs including multiple AP STAs and non-AP MLDs including multiple non-AP STAs. That is, the AP MLD can include affiliated APs (e.g., AP STAs), and the non-AP MLD can include affiliated STAs (e.g., non-AP STAs, or user-STAs).

[0085] A multilink may include a first link and a second link, and different channels / subchannels / frequency resources may be allocated to the first and second links. The first and second multilinks may be identified through a link ID of 4 bits (or other n bits). The first and second links may be configured in the same 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz band. Alternatively, the first link and the second link may be configured in different bands.

[0086] The AP MLD of FIG. 4 includes three affiliated APs. In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 may operate in the 2.4 GHz band, AP2 may operate in the 5 GHz band, and AP3 may operate in the 6 GHz band. In the example of FIG. 4, the first link in which AP1 and non-AP1 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 2.4 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the second link in which AP2 and non-AP2 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 5 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the third link in which AP3 and non-AP3 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 6 GHz band.

[0087] In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 can initiate a multi-link setup procedure (ML setup procedure) by transmitting an Association Request frame to non-AP STA1. In the example of FIG. 4, non-AP STA1 can transmit an Association Response frame in response to the Association Request frame. Each AP (e.g., AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the AP illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2, and each non-AP (e.g., non-AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the STA (e.g., user-STA or non-AP STA) illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2.

[0088] The specific features of this specification are not limited to the specific features of FIG. 4. That is, the number of links can be defined in various ways, and multiple links can be defined in various ways within at least one band.

[0089] FIG. 5 illustrates a PPDU (physical protocol data unit or physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit) transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0090] The STA (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA, AP MLD, non-AP MLD) of the present specification can transmit and / or receive the PPDU of FIG. 5. The PPDU described in the present specification may have, for example, the structure of FIG. 5. In addition, the PPDU described in the present specification may be called by various names such as a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type PPDU, or an Nth type PPDU, etc. The PPDU described in the present specification can be used in a WLAN system defined according to IEEE 802.11bn and / or a next-generation WLAN system that improves IEEE 802.11bn.

[0091] The PPDU of FIG. 5 may be related to various PPDU types used in a UHR system. For example, the example of FIG. 5 may be used for at least one of a single-user (SU) mode / type / transmission, a multi-user (MU) mode / type / transmission, and a null data packet (NDP) mode / type / transmission related to channel sounding. For example, if the example of FIG. 5 is related to NDP, the Data field illustrated may be omitted. If the PPDU of FIG. 5 is used for a trigger-based (TB) mode, the UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may be omitted. In other words, an STA that has received a trigger frame for UL-MU (Uplink-MU) communication may transmit a PPDU with the UHR-SIG omitted in the example of FIG. 5.

[0092] In FIG. 5, L-STF or UHR-LTF may be called a preamble or physical preamble, and may be generated / transmitted / received / acquired / decoded in the physical layer (included in the transmitting / receiving STA).

[0093] Each block illustrated in Fig. 5 may be called a field / subfield / signal, etc. The names of these fields / subfields / signals may be, as illustrated in Fig. 5, L-STF (legacy short training field), L-LTF (legacy long training field), L-SIG (legacy signal), RL-SIG (repeated L-SIG), U-SIG (Universal Signal), UHR-SIG (UHR-signal), etc.

[0094] The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields in FIG. 5 may be set to 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be set to 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields may be expressed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be expressed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0095] In the PPDU of Fig. 5, L-LTF and L-STF may be identical to conventional fields (e.g., non-HT LTF and non-HT STF defined in conventional WLAN standards).

[0096] The L-SIG field of FIG. 5 may include, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24 bits of information may include a 4 bit Rate field, a 1 bit Reserved bit, a 12 bit Length field, a 1 bit Parity bit, and a 6 bit Tail bit. For example, the 12 bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12 bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is a non-HT (non-High Throughput), HT (High Throughput), VHT (Very High Throughput) PPDU, or an EHT (extremely high throughput) PPDU or UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, if the PPDU is a HE PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, for non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3, and for HE (High Efficiency) PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, the Length field in an UHR PPDU is set to a value satisfying the condition that the remainder is zero when LENGTH is divided by 3.

[0097] For example, (non-AP and AP) STAs can apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1 / 2 to the 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. Then, the transmitting STA can obtain 48 BCC coded bits. BPSK modulation can be applied to the 48 coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding the pilot subcarriers {subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA can additionally map the signal {-1, -1, -1, 1} to the subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The above signal can be used for channel estimation for the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

[0098] For example, (non-AP and AP) STA can generate RL-SIG, which is generated in the same manner as L-SIG. BPSK modulation can be applied to RL-SIG. Receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is a HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU based on the presence of RL-SIG. In other words, if RL-SIG is present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU. In other words, if RL-SIG is not present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, or VHT PPDU. In other words, the RL-SIG field is a repeat of the L-SIG field and is used to differentiate an UHR PPDU from a non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, and VHT PPDU.

[0099] After the RL-SIG in Fig. 5, a U-SIG (Universal SIG) may be inserted. The U-SIG may be called by various names such as the first SIG field, the first SIG, the first type SIG, the control signal, the control signal field, the first (type) control signal, the common control field, and the common control signal.

[0100] A U-SIG can contain N bits of information and can include information for identifying the type of EHT PPDU. For example, a U-SIG can be formed based on two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) for a U-SIG can have a duration of 4 μs. Each symbol of a U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of a U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0101] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) can be transmitted through U-SIG, and the first symbol of U-SIG can transmit the first X bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information, and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit the remaining Y bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information. For example, the transmitting STA can obtain 26 uncoded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional encoding (e.g., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1 / 2 to generate 52 coded bits, and perform interleaving on the 52 coded bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52 coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol. A single U-SIG symbol can be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA can be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[0102] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit long field). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits excluding the CRC / tail field within the second symbol, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and may be set to, for example, "000000".

[0103] The A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of the version-independent bits can be fixed or variable. For example, the version-independent bits can be assigned only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits can be assigned to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be called by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.

[0104] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDU. For example, a first value (e.g., a value of 000) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In addition, a second value (e.g., a value of 001) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an UHR PPDU.

[0105] In other words, when the (AP / non-AP) STA transmits an EHT PPDU, it can set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. In other words, the receiving (AP / non-AP) STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value, and can determine that the received PPDU is an UHR PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the second value.

[0106] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field relates to DL communication.

[0107] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may contain information about the length of the TXOP and information about the BSS color ID.

[0108] For example, if a UHR PPDU is classified into various types (e.g., a type related to SU transmission (performed based on UL or DL), a type related to DL transmission, a type related to NDP transmission, a type related to DL non-MU-MIMO, a type related to DL MU-MIMO, a type related to Multi-AP operation, a type related to CBF (Coordinated beamforming), SR (Spatial Reuse), a type related to C-OFDMA (Coordinated OFDMA), a type related to C-TDMA (Coordinated TDMA)), information about the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., 2-bit or 3-bit information) can be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[0109] For example, U-SIG may include 1) a bandwidth field including information about bandwidth, 2) a field including information about a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) technique applied to UHR-SIG, 3) an indication field including information about whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) technique is applied to UHR-SIG, 4) a field including information about the number of symbols used for UHR-SIG, 5) a field including information about whether UHR-SIG is generated over the entire band, 6) a field including information about the type of UHR-LTF / STF, and 7) a field indicating the length of UHR-LTF and the CP length.

[0110] Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 5. Preamble puncturing refers to applying puncturing to a portion of the entire bandwidth of the PPDU (e.g., the secondary 20 MHz band). For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA applies puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band, and can transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.

[0111] For example, the pattern of preamble puncturing can be preset. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to one of the two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, a primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band) may be present, and puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band.

[0112] Information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in the U-SIG and / or UHR-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG may include information regarding the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU, and the second field of the U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.

[0113] For example, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following method. If the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIGs may be individually configured in units of 80 MHz. For example, if the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern). Additionally, the first field of the second U-SIG may include information regarding a 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern). Meanwhile, the UHR-SIG consecutive to the first U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern), and the UHR-SIG consecutive to the second U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (e.g., information regarding a preamble puncturing pattern).

[0114] Additionally or alternatively, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following methods. U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing for all bands (e.g., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns). That is, UHR-SIG may not include information regarding preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing (e.g., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns).

[0115] U-SIGs can be configured in 20 MHz units. For example, if an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIGs can be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included within an 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth can contain different U-SIGs.

[0116] The UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may include control information for a receiving STA. The UHR-SIG may be transmitted over at least one symbol, and each symbol may have a length of 4 μs. Information regarding the number of symbols used for the UHR-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.

[0117] UHR-SIG provides additional signals to the U-SIG field to enable STAs to interpret / decode UHR PPDUs. The UHR-SIG field may contain U-SIG overflow bits that are common to all users. The UHR-SIG field also contains resource allocation information, allowing STAs to look up resources used in fields containing data fields / UHR-STF / UHR-LTF (e.g., UHR modulated fields of an UHR PPDU).

[0118] The frequency resources of the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields illustrated in FIG. 5 can be determined based on RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields of this specification can be transmitted / received through RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones.

[0119] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for a 20 MHz PPDU. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and / or data fields included in the 20 MHz PPDU can be transmitted / received through at least one of the various RUs defined in FIG. 6.

[0120] As shown at the top of Fig. 6, 26 units (e.g., units corresponding to 26 tones) may be arranged. Six tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band. In addition, seven DC tones may be inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and 26 units corresponding to 13 tones may exist on each side of the DC band. In addition, 26 units, 52 units, and 106 units may be allocated to other bands. Each unit may be allocated for a receiving station, i.e., a user.

[0121] Meanwhile, the RU arrangement of FIG. 6 is utilized not only in a situation for multiple users (MUs) but also in a situation for a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242-unit as shown at the bottom of FIG. 4, in which case three DC tones can be inserted.

[0122] In the example of Fig. 6, RUs of various sizes, such as 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, are proposed. Since the specific sizes of these RUs can be expanded or increased, the present embodiment is not limited to the specific sizes of each RU (e.g., the number of corresponding tones). In this specification, N-RU may be represented as N-tone RU, etc. For example, 26-RU may be represented as 26-tone RU.

[0123] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0124] As in the example of Fig. 6 where RUs of various sizes were used, the example of Fig. 7 can also use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. In addition, 5 DC tones can be inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones can be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones can be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band.

[0125] Additionally, as illustrated, 484 RUs may be used when used for a single user. Meanwhile, the specific number of RUs may be changed, as in the example of FIG. 6.

[0126] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for an 80MHz PPDU. The layout of resource units (RUs) used in this specification may vary. For example, the layout of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz band may vary.

[0127] Figure 9 illustrates an operation according to UL-MU. As illustrated, a transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can acquire a TXOP (925) by performing channel access through contending (e.g., backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame (930). That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit a PPDU including a trigger frame (930). When a PPDU including a trigger frame is received, a TB (trigger-based) PPDU is transmitted after a delay of SIFS.

[0128] TB PPDUs (941, 942) are transmitted at the same time and can be transmitted from multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) whose AIDs are indicated in the Trigger frame (930). The ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in various forms. For example, the ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in the form of a BA (block ACK).

[0129] In FIG. 9, transmission(s) of a Trigger Frame (930), TB PPDU (941, 942) and / or ACK frame (950) can be performed within a TXOP (925).

[0130] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0131] The 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as the first band (band). Furthermore, the 2.4 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (e.g., channels with a center frequency between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz) are used / supported / defined.

[0132] The 2.4 GHz band may include multiple 20 MHz channels. The 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indices (e.g., indices 1 through 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 1 may be 2.412 GHz, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 2 may be 2.417 GHz, and the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index N may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz. The channel indices may be referred to by various names, such as channel numbers. The specific numerical values ​​of the channel indices and center frequencies may change.

[0133] Figure 10 exemplarily illustrates four channels within the 2.4 GHz band. The illustrated first frequency region (1010) to fourth frequency region (1040) may each include one channel. For example, the first frequency region (1010) may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having an index of 1). In this case, the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency region (1020) may include channel 6. In this case, the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency region (1030) may include channel 11. In this case, the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency region (1040) may include channel 14. In this case, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.

[0134] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0135] The 5 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as a second band / band, etc. The 5 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with center frequencies greater than or equal to 5 GHz and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used / supported / defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include multiple channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific figures shown in FIG. 11 are subject to change.

[0136] Multiple channels within the 5 GHz band include Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 may be referred to as UNII Low. UNII-2 may include frequency ranges called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended. UNII-3 may be referred to as UNII-Upper.

[0137] Within the 5 GHz band, multiple channels can be configured, and the bandwidth of each channel can be variously configured, such as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. For example, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 can be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into four channels through a 40 MHz frequency domain. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into two channels through an 80 MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into one channel through a 160 MHz frequency domain.

[0138] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0139] The 6 GHz band may also be referred to by other names, such as the third band / band. The 6 GHz band may refer to the frequency range in which channels with center frequencies above 5.9 GHz are used, supported, or defined. The specific figures shown in Figure 12 are subject to change.

[0140] For example, the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 12 can be defined from 5.940 GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel among the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 can have an index of 1 (or channel index, channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz can be assigned. That is, the center frequency of the indexed channel N can be determined as (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.

[0141] Accordingly, the indexes (or channel numbers) of the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 are 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, It can be 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233. Also, according to the (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz rule mentioned above, the indices of the 40 MHz channels in Fig. 12 can be 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.

[0142] Below, the structure and types / subtypes of MAC frames are described.

[0143] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a header of a MAC frame. As illustrated, the MAC frame may include a frame control field / information of 2 octets in length, a duration field / information of 2 octets in length, a RA (Receiver Address) field / information of 6 octets in length, and a TA (Transmitter Address) field / information of 6 octets in length. As illustrated in Fig. 13, the four fields may be consecutive to each other. The MAC header of Fig. 13 may be modified in various ways, and a new field may be inserted between the four illustrated fields, or at least one of the illustrated fields may be omitted.

[0144] The MAC header illustrated in Fig. 13 may be positioned at the very front of a MAC frame. That is, the MAC frame may include a MAC header as illustrated in Fig. 13 and MAC body fields / information subsequent to the MAC header. The MAC frame including the MAC header of Fig. 13 is inserted / included in the data field of the PPDU (e.g., UHR PPDU) illustrated in Fig. 5.

[0145] The MAC frames included in the data field of the PPDU of this specification can be classified into various types. For example, the MAC frames of this specification can be classified into control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0146] For example, the management frame includes Association Request, Association Response, Reassociation Request, Reassociation Response, Probe Request, Probe Response, Beacon, Disassociation, Authentication, and Deauthentication frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the values ​​of the type fields (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 are set to 00. In addition, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) in FIG. 13 are as follows: Association Request (0000), Association Response (0001), Reassociation Request (0010), Reassociation Response (0011), Probe Request (0100), Probe Response (0101), Beacon (1000), Disassociation (1010), Authentication (1011), Deauthentication (1100).

[0147] For example, the control frame includes Trigger Beamforming Report Poll, NDP Announcement (NDPA), Control Frame Extension, Control Wrapper, Block Ack Request (BlockAckReq), Block Ack (BlockAck), PS-Poll, RTS, CTS, Ack, and CF-End frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the control frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 is set to 01. Also, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) of FIG. 13 are as follows: Trigger (0010), Beamforming Report Poll (0100), NDP Announcement (0101), Control Frame Extension (0110), Control Wrapper (0111), BlockAckReq (1000), BlockAck (1001), PS-Poll (1010), RTS (1011), CTS (1100), Ack (1101), CF-End (1110).

[0148] For example, the data frame includes (QoS) Data, (QoS) Null, etc. defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) of Fig. 13 is set to 10.

[0149] The MAC frame / signal used in this specification can be identified through the type field / information and subtype field / information described above. For example, the "trigger frame" in this specification can mean a MAC frame in which the type bits B3 and B2 bits in the frame control field of the MAC header are set to 01, and the subtype bits B7, B6, B5, B4 bits in the frame control field are also set to 0010. Various MAC frames described in this specification are inserted / included in the data field of various PPDUs (e.g., HE / VHT / HE / EHT / UHR PPDU).

[0150] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0151] The devices (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA) illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be modified as illustrated in FIG. 14. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the transceivers (113, 123) of FIG. 1. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0152] The processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processing chip (114, 124) of FIG. 1.

[0153] The memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be the same as the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be a separate external memory different from the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0154] Referring to FIG. 14, a power management module (611) manages power to a processor (610) and / or a transceiver (630). A battery (612) supplies power to the power management module (611). A display (613) outputs results processed by the processor (610). A keypad (614) receives input to be used by the processor (610). The keypad (614) may be displayed on the display (613). A SIM card (615) may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and an associated key used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile phone device, such as a mobile phone or computer.

[0155] Referring to FIG. 14, the speaker (640) can output sound-related results processed by the processor (610). The microphone (641) can receive sound-related input to be used by the processor (610).

[0156] The wireless LAN system (e.g., IEEE 802.11bn or UHR system) related to this specification aims to support ultra-high reliability in signal transmission to STAs. To this end, various technologies are being considered for high throughput, low latency, and extended range support. Based on these various technologies, a method for extending the range of signal transmission may be possible to expand not only reliability within the BSS but also signal transmission coverage of the BSS. The following technical features are related to proposing a new structure (or type) of frame (or PPDU / preamble) for extended range (ER) communication in a wireless LAN system.

[0157] A device (e.g., non-AP STA, AP, non-AP MLD, AP, MLD) based on the present specification may support a new ELR (extended long range or enhanced long range) PPDU designed to overcome link budget imbalances between uplink and downlink and improve spectral efficiency of STAs operating far from the AP. The term ELR may be replaced with terms such as LR (long range) or ER (extended range). Accordingly, terms such as ER transmission or LR transmission may be expressed as ELR transmission. For example, in the examples below, an LR PPDU may also be called an ER PPDU or an ELR PPDU. For example, an ELR PPDU has a fixed bandwidth of 20 MHz and can be used for both downlink and uplink in 2.4 GHz band operation, but can be used only for uplink in 5 GHz and 6 GHz band operation. In other words, an ELR PPDU may consist of only 20 MHz and may not have bandwidths such as 40 / 80 / 160 / 320 MHz.

[0158] As described above, in a wireless LAN system (e.g., IEEE 802.11bn or UHR system), LR / ER / ELR communication can be considered to ensure smooth signal transmission and reception for STAs located within the coverage boundary of the AP and to overcome the transmission range difference caused by the transmission power difference between the AP and the STA. For example, the difference in transmission power between the AP and non-AP STAs can be about 10 dB. For example, the link budget for the received signal between the AP and non-AP STAs due to this TX power difference can be about 6 dB. For example, long-range transmission to provide a gain of 6 dB, which is the link budget difference, can be performed using the following method.

[0159] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a PPDU proposed in this specification. The example of Figure 15 may be referred to by various names. For example, it may be referred to by various names such as ELR PPDU, ER PPDU, LR PPDU, UHR PPDU, UHR ELR PPDU, etc. For example, the ELR-STF illustrated in Figure 15 may be referred to by various names such as ER-STF, LR-STF, UHR-STF, UHR-STF, etc.

[0160] The example of Fig. 15 can be modified in various ways. For example, additional symbols or fields can be inserted between each field (e.g., U-SIG, ELR-STF) illustrated in Fig. 15. For example, the example of Fig. 15 can be further specified as an example of a PPDU of Fig. 17.

[0161] For example, the U-SIG field of FIG. 15 may include the same content as the U-SIG field defined in the EHT standard (e.g., EHT U-SIG). For example, when an ELR-PPDU is transmitted, the value of the PHY identifier field included in the U-SIG may be set to 1. For example, the value of 1 may indicate that the corresponding PPDU is a UHR PPDU transmission.

[0162] For example, the U-SIG field of FIG. 15 may include a PPDU Type And Compression Mode field. The PPDU Type And Compression Mode field may include information for indicating ELR transmission. For example, based on the value of the information being set to 3, it may be indicated that the corresponding PPDU is used for ELR transmission. The value of 3 may be applied equally to DL and UL. Additionally or alternatively, if ELR transmission is applied only for UL, the value of 3 may be used only for the UL case.

[0163] For example, for the U-SIG field of Fig. 15 and the fields preceding it (e.g., the RL-SIG field and the L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG fields located in the L-preamble part), symbols can be obtained by applying 1x OFDM numerology. For example, the ELR-STF, ELR-LTF, ELR-SIG, and ELR-DATA fields can apply 4x OFDM numerology.

[0164] For example, although omitted in Fig. 15, a PE field may be added after the data field of Fig. 15. The duration of the PE field may be one of 8 / 12 / 16 / 20 μs.

[0165] For example, in the ELR PPDU of FIG. 15, the ELR-SIG field may be composed of one or two symbols. At this time, it may be repeated / duplicated in terms of the frequency that constitutes one symbol. An example of the ELR-SIG field being duplicated in the frequency domain may be based on the example of FIG. 18 described below. For example, the ELR-SIG field included in the ELR PPDU may include at least one of the following information / fields.

[0166] For example, the ELR-SIG field may contain a PHY identifier. For example, the field may be 3 bits long. For example, the field may indicate the PHY protocol version used when transmitting the ELR PPDU. For example, the field may have a value of 1 to indicate UHR.

[0167] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include BW (3 bits). This field may be omitted. For example, if it indicates BW for ELR PPDU transmission and ELR transmission is performed using only 20 MHz, this field may be omitted.

[0168] For example, the ELR-SIG field may contain DL / UL (1 bit). For example, the field may indicate whether the ELR transmission is DL / UL.

[0169] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include a BSS color (6 bits) field.

[0170] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include a TXOP (7 bits) field.

[0171] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include an STA-ID (11 bits) field. This field may contain identification information about the STA performing the ELR transmission.

[0172] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include a Coding (1 bit) field. This field may contain encoding indication information used when transmitting ELR. For example, the value of this field may indicate BCC or LDPC.

[0173] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include an MCS (1 or 2 bits) field. This field may indicate the MCS applied to the ELR data. For example, this field may indicate one of MCS0, MCS1, or MCS3. Additionally or alternatively, this field may indicate at least one of the combinations of MCS0, MCS1, and MCS3.

[0174] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include an Nss (1-bit) field. For example, when transmitting ELR, Nss may be fixed to 1. Accordingly, the Nss field may be omitted.

[0175] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include a CRC field and a Tail field. Specifically, a 4-bit CRC and 6-bit tail bits may be included in the ELR-SIG field.

[0176] For example, an ELR-SIG field that may include at least one of the multiple fields described above may consist of two symbols.

[0177] Additionally or alternatively, the ELR PPDU can be used to transmit short packets, such as ACK and CTS. In such cases, the ELR SIG field can simply be composed of a combination of at least one of the fields listed below.

[0178] For example, the ELR SIG field may include an STA-ID (11 bits) field. This field may contain identification information about the STA performing the ELR transmission.

[0179] For example, the ELR SIG field may include a Coding (1 bit) field. This field may indicate BCC or LDPC as an encoding indication used when transmitting ELR.

[0180] For example, the ELR SIG field may include an MCS (1 bit or omitted) field. This field may indicate the MCS applied to the ELR data. For example, this field may indicate a combination of the above values, including one of MCS0, MCS1, and MCS3.

[0181] For example, the ELR SIG field may include an Nss (1-bit or omitted) field. For example, when transmitting ELR, Nss may be fixed to 1. Accordingly, the Nss field described above may be omitted or defined using 1 bit.

[0182] For example, the ELR-SIG field may include a CRC field and a Tail field. Specifically, a 4-bit CRC and 6-bit tail bits may be included in the ELR-SIG field.

[0183] Additionally or alternatively, the ELR-LTF symbol may be included once. As another example, the ELR-LTF may be repeated to improve SNR gain and reliability for the data field when configuring the LR / ELR PPDU format. For example, the ELR-LTF illustrated in FIG. 15 may be composed of 2 OFDM symbols and repeated. The ELR-LTF field may utilize, for example, a 20MHz EHT-4x LTF sequence (or EHT-2x LTF sequence).

[0184] In order to overcome the coverage difference caused by the TX power imbalance of DL and UL as described above, a method for clearly recognizing / distinguishing the PPDU is needed when transmitting a signal by newly defining the ELR PPDU.

[0185] In other words, it is desirable to propose an early detection technique or early detection identification technique for LR / ELR PPDUs. Below, various techniques for identifying LR / ELR PPDUs based on the ELR-STF contained in the ELR PPDU are proposed.

[0186] The ELR-STF illustrated in Fig. 15 can be defined using a 20MHz EHT-STF sequence. For example, the EHT-STF sequence can be configured as an EHT STF for MU PPDU or an EHT STF for TB PPDU. Based on this, various embodiments such as Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 described below can be proposed.

[0187] For example, the present specification proposes an example of applying a conjugate operation to at least one STS among multiple STSs that are repeated in the time domain. The STA can determine whether a received PPDU is related to ELR communication based on whether the conjugate operation is applied to at least one STS. The STS can be generated based on various STF sequences. In Case 1 below, an example of multiple STSs related to a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU is described. In addition, in Case 2 below, an example of multiple STSs related to a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU is described. In the following, an example of 5 STSs or 10 STSs is proposed. The number of STSs can be varied. In the following, an example of applying a conjugate operation to 1 or 2 STSs among 5 STSs or 10 STSs is proposed. However, the number or positions of the STSs to which the conjugate operation is applied can be varied. Below, an example is proposed where a receiving STA measures an auto-correlation value to determine whether a conjugate operation has been applied to at least one STS. However, the method for determining whether a conjugate operation has been applied to at least one STS can be varied.

[0188] Case 1:

[0189] Case 1 described below relates to an example of configuring an ELR STF based on a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU.

[0190] For example, a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU can be loaded onto a carrier in the frequency domain in units of 16 tones. Accordingly, it can be expressed as the same STS (short time sequence) being repeated 16 times within one OFDM symbol in the time domain. In this case, the ELR STF is composed of a short time sequence (i.e., STS) with a duration of 0.8 μs, and the short time sequence (STS) can be composed of 16 samples. For example, when configuring the ELR STF field, the ELR STF field can be configured by being repeated 5 times (or 10 times) in the time domain.

[0191] In other words, the STF sequence of Case 1 can be generated based on the M sequence below.

[0192] [Formula 1]

[0193] M = {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}

[0194] In this case, the 20MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU can be generated based on:

[0195] [Formula 2]

[0196] STF_{-112:16:112}={M} x (1+j) / SQRT(2)

[0197] That is, the STF sequence can have a coefficient on every 16 subcarriers from the index -112 to the index +112. In the above example, the STF sequence can have a value of zero for the null tone index 0. In the above example, the sign j can mean an imaginary number, and SQRT can mean a square root. When the above STF is expressed in the time domain, the STF can be expressed as an STS repeated 5 times (or an STS repeated 10 times). In this case, each of the multiple STSs can be expressed as having a duration of 0.8 μs.

[0198] For example, when constructing an ELR STF based on five STSs, a conjugate can be applied to the third and fourth STSs among the five STSs. The STSs to which the conjugate is applied can be modified in various ways, but the following describes an example in which the conjugate is applied to the third and fourth STSs among the five STSs. Specifically, the following example describes an example in which the conjugate is applied to two consecutive STSs (short time sequences).

[0199] [Formula 3]

[0200] ELR STF = [STS, STS, conj(STS), conj(STS), STS]

[0201] The above example can be expressed as Equation 3. As described above, the ELR STF can be generated based on five STSs. Each of the five STSs can have a duration of 0.8 μs. The five STSs can be repetitive signals in the time domain. The conjugate operation can be applied to at least two of the five STSs (e.g., the third and fourth STSs).

[0202] As above, when a conjugate operation is applied to some STSs (e.g., the 3rd and 4th STSs) among multiple STSs (e.g., 5), an LR / ELR PPDU can be identified based on the ELR-STF. For example, if the conjugate operation is not applied to some STSs (e.g., the 3rd and 4th STSs) among 5 STSs (i.e., all 5 STSs are repeated in the time domain), it can be identified that the corresponding PPDU is not an ELR PPDU. For example, if the conjugate operation is applied to some STSs (e.g., the 3rd and 4th STSs) among 5 STSs (i.e., 3 of the 5 STSs are repeated and 2 STSs include conjugated signals), it can be identified that the corresponding PPDU corresponds to an ELR PPDU.

[0203] Various methods can be proposed to determine whether a conjugate operation has been applied to some of multiple STSs. Below, a method for determining whether a conjugate operation has been applied to some of multiple STSs based on autocorrelation is described.

[0204] For example, an STA supporting ELR transmission / reception can receive an STF and perform auto-correlation on two STS units related to the STF. In this case, auto-correlation can be performed based on 32 samples (e.g., the first / second received STSs and the third / fourth received STSs).

[0205] Auto correlation at the receiving STA can be explained based on the following formula.

[0206] [Formula 4]

[0207]

[0208] The above formula is related to matrix operations, and in the above formula, A1 may mean the 1st STS of received STF, A2 may mean the 2nd STS of received STF, A3 may mean the 3rd STS of received STF, and A4 may mean the 4th STS of received STF.

[0209] The STA can use the auto-correlation value in the above formula to determine whether the value is less than a specific threshold. For example, if the auto-correlation value above is less than / at the threshold, the STA can identify that the received PPDU corresponds to an ELR PPDU.

[0210] For example, for two STSs (i.e. 2 period STSs), the value obtained by taking the conjugate as described above and then taking the auto correlation has a value of 4.5714 in an ideal situation. For example, the auto-correlation threshold value for distinguishing the ELR PPDU may be set to 4.5714. This is one embodiment, and the threshold value may be set to 8, which is half the size of the STS, taking into account the channel conditions and noise. As another example, the threshold value may be set according to the channel conditions, and the value thereof may be set and transmitted by the AP.

[0211] The above example relates to an STF signal consisting of five STSs. The following example can also be applied to an STF signal consisting of ten STSs. For example, an ELR STF can be composed of ten repetitions of the STSs defined above. In this case, for classification of an ELR PPDU, the STF field can be constructed by applying a conjugate to the STSs as follows.

[0212] For example, a conjugate operation can be applied to 5 out of 10 STSs (in other words, 10 STSs that repeat in the time domain). The number of STSs to which the conjugate operation is applied can be varied. For example, the maximum number of STSs to which the conjugate operation is applied can be 5.

[0213] [Formula 5]

[0214] ELR STF field = [STS, STS, STS, STS, STS, conj(STS), conj(STS), conj(STS), conj(STS), conj(STS)]

[0215] As in the above formula, when an ELR PPDU is transmitted using an ELR STF field, the STA that receives it can perform auto-correlation on the received STF field in units of 5 STS (i.e., 5 periods) to distinguish the ELR PPDU. At this time, auto-correlation can be performed using 80 samples, that is, the 1st to 5th STS (i.e., the first 40 samples) and the 6th to 10th STS (i.e., the next 40 samples) received.

[0216] [Formula 6]

[0217]

[0218] In the above formula, A1 to A5 may correspond to the first to fifth STS, and A6 to A10 may correspond to the sixth to tenth STS.

[0219] For example, if the value obtained by performing the auto-correlation is less than (or less than or equal to) a specific threshold, the STA can recognize that the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU. That is, if the auto-correlation value is less than or equal to the threshold, it can be recognized as an ELR PPDU. In other words, the technical features applied to Equation 6 may be identical to the technical features applied to Equation 4.

[0220] For example, the value of auto-correlation for 5 STSs (i.e. 5 period STSs) to which conjugate is applied, as in Equation 5, has a value of 11.4286 in an ideal situation. Therefore, as an example, the auto-correlation threshold value for distinguishing the ELR PPDU may be set to 11.4286. This is an example, and the threshold value may be set to 8, which is half the size of the STS, considering the channel conditions and noise. As another example, the threshold value may be set according to the number of STSs to which conjugate is applied and the channel conditions, and the value thereof may be set and transmitted by the AP.

[0221] In the example above, the STS to which the conjugate operation is applied can vary. For example, if there are 5 or 10 repeating STSs, it is possible to apply the conjugate operation to the first STS. For example, if the ELR STF field is constructed by applying the conjugate operation to the first STS, the ELR STF can be expressed as follows.

[0222] [Formula 7]

[0223] ELR STF field = [conj(STS), STS, STS, STS, STS]

[0224] When configuring the ELR STF as described above, an STA supporting ELR transmission can measure the auto correlation value to perform identification of the ELR PPDU for the ELR STF field. For example, auto correlation value 1 for the 1st STS and 2nd STS, and auto correlation value 2 for the 2nd STS and 3rd STS can be measured. By comparing the values ​​of auto correlation value 1 and auto correlation value 2 obtained through the above measurement, it is determined whether the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU.

[0225] For example, if the ELR STF is configured by applying a conjugate to the 1st STS, and the auto correlation value 1 is smaller than the auto correlation value 2, the corresponding PPDU can be judged as an ELR PPDU.

[0226] The above method related to Equation 7 can determine an ELR PPDU by comparing the auto-correlation value for the STS of the received STF without having to set a threshold, so there is no need to greatly consider the influence of the channel and noise.

[0227] The threshold value proposed above can be defined by normalizing it to the STS magnitude value that performs auto correlation.

[0228] Case 2

[0229] As previously described, the examples in this specification may relate to various STF sequences. Below, an example of configuring an ELR STF using a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU is described.

[0230] 20MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU is loaded on the carrier in terms of frequency in units of 8 tones, so the same STS is repeated 8 times within one OFDM symbol in terms of time. At this time, ELR STF is composed of a short time sequence (i.e. STS) with a duration of 1.6 μs, and at this time, the short time sequence (STS) is composed of 32 samples, and can be repeated 5 times (or 10 times) when configuring the ELR STF field to configure the ELR STF field.

[0231] In other words, the STF sequence of Case 2 can be generated based on the M sequence below.

[0232] [Formula 8]

[0233] M = {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}

[0234] In this case, the 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU can be generated based on:

[0235] [Formula 9]

[0236] STF_{-120:8:120}={M, 0, -M} x (1+j) / SQRT(2)

[0237] That is, the STF sequence can have coefficients on every 8 subcarriers from index -120 to index +120. When the above STF is expressed in the time domain, the STF can be expressed as a 5-repeated STS (or a 10-repeated STS). In this case, each of the multiple STSs can be expressed as having a duration of 1.6 μs.

[0238] The following example illustrates an example of constructing an ELR STF related to five STSs repeating in the time domain. For example, the ELR STF field can construct an ELR STF by applying a conjugate to the third and fourth short time sequences (STSs) for classification of an ELR PPDU as follows. This is an example, and an ELR STF can be constructed by applying a conjugate to two consecutive short time sequences.

[0239] The following equation 10 relates to an example of applying a conjugate operation to the third and fourth STSs among five STSs. For example, whether the relevant PPDU is an ELR PPDU can be identified based on whether the conjugate operation is applied to the third and fourth STSs.

[0240] [Formula 10]

[0241] ELR STF field = [STS, STS, conj(STS), conj(STS), STS]

[0242] The receiving STA can perform the following operations to determine whether the conjugate operation is applied to the 3rd STS and the 4th STS. For example, an STA supporting ELR can perform auto-correlation in units of two STSs after receiving the STF field. In this case, auto-correlation is performed for 64 samples (i.e., 1 received st / 2 nd STS and 3 rd / 4th STS) can be performed based on it.

[0243] Auto correlation at the receiving STA can be explained based on the following formula.

[0244] [Formula 11]

[0245]

[0246] The above formula is related to matrix operations, and in the above formula, A1 may mean the 1st STS of received STF, A2 may mean the 2nd STS of received STF, A3 may mean the 3rd STS of received STF, and A4 may mean the 4th STS of received STF.

[0247] Using the value obtained by performing the above auto-correlation, if the value is less than a specific threshold, the STA can recognize that the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU. In other words, if the auto-correlation value is less than the threshold, it can be recognized as an ELR PPDU.

[0248] For two STSs (i.e., 2-period STSs), the value obtained by taking the conjugate as described above and then taking the auto-correlation has a value of 4.2667 in an ideal situation. Therefore, as an example, the auto-correlation threshold value for distinguishing the ELR PPDU may be set to 4.2667. This is one embodiment, and the threshold value may be set to 16, which is half the size of the STS, taking into account the channel conditions and noise. As another example, the threshold value may be set according to the channel conditions, and the value thereof may be set and transmitted by the AP.

[0249] The above example relates to an STF signal consisting of five STSs. The following example can also be applied to an STF signal consisting of ten STSs. For example, an ELR STF can be composed of ten repetitions of the STSs defined above. In this case, for classification of an ELR PPDU, the STF field can be constructed by applying a conjugate to the STSs as follows.

[0250] For example, a conjugate operation can be applied to 5 out of 10 STSs (in other words, 10 STSs that repeat in the time domain). The number of STSs to which the conjugate operation is applied can be varied. For example, the maximum number of STSs to which the conjugate operation is applied can be 5.

[0251] [Formula 12]

[0252] ELR STF field = [STS, STS, STS, STS, STS, conj(STS), conj(STS), conj(STS), conj(STS), conj(STS)]

[0253] As in the above formula, when an ELR PPDU is transmitted using an ELR STF field, the STA that receives it can perform auto-correlation on the received STF field in units of 5 STS (i.e., 5 periods) to distinguish the ELR PPDU. At this time, auto-correlation can be performed using 160 samples, that is, the 1st to 5th STS (i.e., the first 80 samples) and the 6th to 10th STS (i.e., the next 80 samples) received.

[0254] [Formula 13]

[0255]

[0256] In the above formula, A1 to A5 may correspond to the first to fifth STS, and A6 to A10 may correspond to the sixth to tenth STS.

[0257] Using the value obtained by performing the above auto-correlation, if the value is less than or equal to a specific threshold, the STA can recognize that the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU. In other words, if the auto-correlation value is less than or equal to the threshold, it can be recognized as an ELR PPDU.

[0258] For example, for 5 STS (i.e. 5 period STS), the value obtained by taking the conjugate as described above and then taking the auto correlation has a value of 10.6667 in an ideal situation. Therefore, as an example, the auto-correlation threshold value for distinguishing the ELR PPDU may be set to 10.6667. This is one embodiment, and the threshold value may be set to 16, which is half the size of the STS, considering the channel conditions and noise. As another example, the threshold value may be set according to the number of STSs to which the conjugate is applied and the channel conditions, and the value thereof may be set by the AP and transmitted.

[0259] In the example above, the STS to which the conjugate operation is applied can vary. For example, if there are 5 or 10 repeating STSs, it is possible to apply the conjugate operation to the first STS. For example, if the ELR STF field is constructed by applying the conjugate operation to the first STS, the ELR STF can be expressed as follows.

[0260] [Formula 14]

[0261] ELR STF field = [conj(STS), STS, STS, STS, STS]

[0262] When configuring the ELR STF as described above, an STA supporting ELR transmission can measure the auto correlation value to perform identification of the ELR PPDU for the ELR STF field. For example, auto correlation value 1 for the 1st STS and 2nd STS, and auto correlation value 2 for the 2nd STS and 3rd STS can be measured. By comparing the values ​​of auto correlation value 1 and auto correlation value 2 obtained through the above measurement, it is determined whether the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU.

[0263] For example, if an ELR STF is configured by applying a conjugate to the 1st STS, the PPDU can be judged as an ELR PPDU if the auto correlation value 1 is smaller than the auto correlation value 2.

[0264] The above method related to Equation 14 can determine an ELR PPDU by comparing the auto-correlation value for the STS of the received STF without having to set a threshold, so there is no need to greatly consider the influence of the channel and noise.

[0265] The threshold value proposed above can be defined by normalizing it to the STS magnitude value that performs auto correlation.

[0266] Case 3

[0267] The example described above proposed an example in which the receiving STA measures the autocorrelation value to determine whether a conjugate operation was applied to at least one STS. However, the method for determining whether a conjugate operation was applied to at least one STS can be varied. For example, an ELR PPDU can be distinguished / identified using an STS repetition check, as follows.

[0268] For example, if the ELR STF is based on a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU, as in Case 1, or on a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU, as in Case 2, the STS can be configured based on 5-period or 10-period repetitions. In this case, the 1st STS or 2nd STS of the ELR STF field can be conjugated to distinguish the ELR PPDU.

[0269] An ELR-supporting STA that receives an ELR STF field configured as described above measures whether the received ELR STF field is repeated. Since the 1st or 2nd STS constituting the ELR STF field is conjugated as described above, the STA can confirm that there is no repetition when checking whether the 1st and 2nd STS of the received STF field are repeated. The STA that confirms that the STS of the STF is not repeated can confirm that the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU.

[0270] Figure 16 illustrates replication in the frequency domain applicable to ELR-SIG.

[0271] As illustrated, the ELR-SIG is replicated in 52-tone RU units on the frequency domain. In other words, bit information transmitted and received through the ELR-SIG can be mapped to one 52-tone RU. One 52-tone RU is repeated on the frequency domain. In the example of Fig. 16, the leftmost ELR-SIG can be replicated through three repeated ELR-SIGs (RELR-SIGs). That is, all four 52-tone RUs illustrated in Fig. 16 can be used to transmit and receive the same bit information (e.g., the same contents). For example, in addition to the four 52-tone RUs illustrated in Fig. 16, two 13-subcarriers and seven DC tones may not be used for the ELR-SIG.

[0272] For example, the frequency mapping technique illustrated in FIG. 16 can be equally applied to the ELR Data illustrated in FIG. 15 as well as the ELR-SIG illustrated in FIG. 15.

[0273] For example, for the ELR-SIG and / or ELR data fields illustrated in FIG. 15 to which the technique of FIG. 16 is applied, a limited MCS technique may be applied. For example, only the MCS technique associated with the MCS0 index (BPSK with 1 / 2 code rate) may be applied, or only the MCS technique associated with a preset MCS index (e.g., MCS1) may be applied.

[0274] For example, DC or null subcarriers may be included between the four 52-tone RUs illustrated in FIG. 16. Alternatively, the four 52-tone RUs illustrated in FIG. 16 may be arranged consecutively with each other.

[0275] As described above, by replicating the ELR-SIG illustrated in Fig. 15 in the frequency domain based on 52 tones, a link budget gain of 6 dB can be achieved. In addition, the performance and reliability of the SIG field can be improved during long-range transmission.

[0276] Fig. 17 illustrates an example of an ELR PPDU of the present specification. As illustrated, an ELR PPDU (or a PPDU used for ELR communication) may include L-STF (1705), L-LTF (1710), L-SIG (1715), RL-SIG (1720), U-SIG (1725), ELR-MARK (1730), UHR-STF (1735), UHR-LTF (1740), ELR-SIG (1745), and Data (1750). For example, some fields of Fig. 17 may be omitted. For example, the order of some fields of Fig. 17 may be changed differently. Each field disclosed in Fig. 17 may be called by various names such as signal / bit.

[0277] The PPDU and / or fields of FIG. 17 are examples that further specify the examples of FIGS. 15 and 16. Accordingly, the technical features applied to FIG. 17 may include the technical features applied to the examples of FIGS. 15 and 16.

[0278] As described above, the value of the number of spatial streams (e.g., Nss) for the ELR PPDU of the present specification may be limited to 1. Additionally or alternatively, for example, the ELR PPDU has a fixed bandwidth of 20 MHz and can be used for both downlink and uplink in 2.4 GHz band operation, but can be used only for uplink in 5 GHz and 6 GHz band operation. In other words, the ELR PPDU may consist of only 20 MHz and may not have bandwidths such as 40 / 80 / 160 / 320 MHz.

[0279] For example, the ELR-MARK (1730) of FIG. 17 may be composed of two OFDM symbols. The ELR-MARK (1730) may include information about an identifier (e.g., BSS_COLOR) indicating the BSS color to which the STA transmitting the corresponding PPDU belongs.

[0280] For example, the U-SIG (1725) may have the following characteristics. For example, the U-SIG (1725) of the present specification may be composed of signals / fields for an ELR PPDU. For example, a PPDU other than an ELR PPDU (e.g., a UHR MU PPDU or a UHR TB PPDU) also contains a U-SIG, but the contents of the U-SIG (1725) of the present specification may contain different contents.

[0281] For example, the U-SIG (1725) of the present specification has a length of 2 symbols, and each symbol can be represented as U-SIG-1 and U-SIG-2. For example, the B0 bit to the B2 bit of the U-SIG-1 can have various names such as the first information described above or the PHY Version Identifier, and can include a value (e.g., a value of 1) that identifies that the PHY version of the PPDU is UHR. For example, the positions of the B0 bit to the B2 bit can be changed.

[0282] Additionally or alternatively, the B3 bits to the B5 bits of the U-SIG-1 may have various names such as the second information or the BW information, and may include information regarding the bandwidth of the ELR PPDU. For example, the B3 bits to the B5 bits of the U-SIG-1 may only have a value of 0. This is because the bandwidth of the ELR PPDU is preferably fixed to 20 MHz. For example, the positions of the B3 bits to the B5 bits may be changed.

[0283] Additionally or alternatively, the B6 bit of the U-SIG-1 may contain information regarding whether the PPDU is transmitted in the UL or DL. For example, the position of the B6 bit may be changed.

[0284] Additionally or alternatively, bits B7 to B12 of U-SIG-1 may indicate the ID of a Basic Service Set (BSS). For example, bits B7 to B12 may include ID information (or BSS color information) of a BSS to which an STA transmitting / receiving the corresponding PPDU belongs. For example, the positions of bits B7 to B12 may be changed.

[0285] Additionally or alternatively, bits B13 to B19 of U-SIG-1 may contain information related to the duration of a transmission opportunity (TXOP). For example, the positions of bits B13 to B19 may be changed.

[0286] Additionally or alternatively, bits B20 through B24 of U-SIG-1 may all be set to 1, and the bits may be referred to as disregard. For example, the positions of bits B20 through B24 may be changed.

[0287] Additionally or alternatively, the B25 bit of U-SIG-1 may be set to 1, and the bit may be called Validate. For example, the position of the B25 bit may be changed.

[0288] Additionally or alternatively, the B0 bit and the B1 bit of the U-SIG-2 may have various names such as the third information or PPDU Type And Compression Mode. The B0 bit and the B1 bit may always have a value of 3 regardless of whether the related PPDU is a DL PPDU or an UL PPDU, thereby indicating / identifying that the PPDU is an ELR PPDU. For example, the positions of the B0 bit and the B1 bit may be changed.

[0289] Additionally or alternatively, bits B2 to B12 of U-SIG-2 may be configured as an STA ID. For example, bits B2 to B12 may be configured as a portion of 11 bits (e.g., 11 bits of the LSB or 11 bits of the MSB) of the Association ID (AID) of the STA transmitting the corresponding PPDU. For example, the positions of bits B2 to B12 may be changed.

[0290] Additionally or alternatively, bits B13 to B15 of U-SIG-2 may be configured as ER / ELR validate. These three bits may be used to identify an ELR PPDU, and these three bits may all be set to 1 (i.e., these three bits have a value of 7). For example, the positions of bits B13 to B15 may be changed.

[0291] Additionally or alternatively, bits B16 to B19 of the U-SIG-2 may be configured as a CRC.

[0292] Additionally or alternatively, bits B20 through B25 of U-SIG-2 may be configured as a tail, such that all bits are zero.

[0293] For example, the above U-SIG1 and U-SIG2 may be repeated in the time domain based on at least one of FIGS. 15 to 17.

[0294] For example, ELR-SIG (1745) may have the following characteristics. For example, ELR-SIG (1745) of the present specification may have two parts. Each part may be represented as ELR-SIG-1 and ELR-SIG-2. For example, the B0 bit of ELR-SIG-1 may include the above-described first ER / ELR-SIG information or ELR Version Identifier. For example, the B0 bit of ELR-SIG-1 may have information for identifying an ELR version, and the ELR Version Identifier included in an ELR PPDU having the technical characteristics described in the present specification may have a value of 0. For example, the position of the B0 bit may be changed.

[0295] Additionally or alternatively, the B1 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may include a UL / DL field. For example, the bit may include information regarding whether the ELR PPDU is transmitted in UL / DL. For example, the position of the B1 bit may be changed.

[0296] Additionally or alternatively, the B2 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may include an MCS field. For example, the bit may include information related to MCS information applied to a data field of an ELR PPDU. For example, when the bit is set to a first value (e.g., 0), the bit may indicate that BPSK with a coding rate of 1 / 2 is applied to the data field of the ELR PPDU. For example, when the bit is set to a second value (e.g., 1), the bit may indicate that QPSK with a coding rate of 1 / 2 is applied to the data field of the ELR PPDU. For example, the position of the B2 may be changed.

[0297] Additionally or alternatively, the B3 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may include a coding (type) field. For example, the bit may include information related to coding (type) information applied to a data field of the ELR PPDU. For example, when the bit is set to a first value (e.g., 0), the bit may indicate that the BCC technique is applied to the data field of the ELR PPDU. For example, when the bit is set to a second value (e.g., 1), the bit may indicate that the LDPC technique (e.g., LDPC with a word length of 648, 1296, or 1944) is applied to the data field of the ELR PPDU.

[0298] Additionally or alternatively, bits B4 to B12 of the ELR-SIG-1 may include a length field. For example, the length field may have a length of 9 bits, and the specific bit positions may be changed. For example, the field may include information regarding the number of symbols in the data field included in the ELR PPDU.

[0299] Additionally or alternatively, the B13 bit of the ELR-SIG-1 may contain information regarding the presence of an LDPC extra (OFDM) symbol. For example, the information may include information regarding whether additional OFDM symbols are required for LDPC encoding of the PPDU.

[0300] Additionally or alternatively, bits B14 to B17 of ELR-SIG-1 may contain CRC bits, and bits B18 to B23 of ELR-SIG-1 may contain tail bits and have a value of 0.

[0301] Additionally or alternatively, bits B0 to B10 of the ELR-SIG-2 may contain information regarding the STA-ID. For example, these bits may be composed of a portion of 11 bits (e.g., 11 bits of the LSB or 11 bits of the MSB) of the AID of the STA transmitting the ELR PPDU. For example, the positions of these bits may be changed.

[0302] Additionally or alternatively, bits B1 through B13 of the ELR-SIG-2 may contain a disregard field / information. Each bit of the 3-bit field / information may be set to 1.

[0303] Additionally or alternatively, bits B14 to B17 of ELR-SIG-2 may contain CRC bits, and bits B18 to B23 of ELR-SIG-1 may contain tail bits and have a value of 0.

[0304] For example, ELR-STF (1935) can be configured based on multiple STSs. A conjugate operation can be applied to a preset number of STSs among these multiple STSs. For example, if the PPDU of FIG. 17 is an ELR-PPDU, the conjugate operation can be applied. For example, if the PPDU of FIG. 17 is not an ELR-PPDU, the conjugate operation may not be applied.

[0305] For example, ELR-STF (1935) may be a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU (or the STF sequence of Equation 2). Additionally or alternatively, ELR-STF (1935) may be a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU (or the STF sequence of Equation 9).

[0306] For example, when a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU is used, ELR-STF (1935) can be generated based on 5 STSs. Each of the 5 STSs can have a duration of 0.8 μs. The 5 STSs can be repetitive signals in the time domain. A conjugate operation can be applied to at least 2 of the 5 STSs (e.g., the 3rd and 4th STSs). The positions or the number of STSs to which the conjugate operation is applied can be varied. For example, the conjugate operation can be applied to at least 1 of the 5 STSs (e.g., the 1st and 10th STSs). Alternatively, ELR-STF (1935) can be generated based on 10 STSs. For example, the conjugate operation can be applied to the 6th to the 10th STSs among the 10 STSs.

[0307] For example, when a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU is used, ELR-STF (1935) can be generated based on 5 STSs. Each of the 5 STSs can have a duration of 1.6 μs. The 5 STSs can be repeating signals in the time domain. A conjugate operation can be applied to at least 2 of the 5 STSs (e.g., the 3rd and 4th STSs). The positions or the number of STSs to which the conjugate operation is applied can be varied. For example, the conjugate operation can be applied to at least 1 of the 5 STSs (e.g., the 1st and 10th STSs). Alternatively, ELR-STF (1935) can be generated based on 10 STSs. For example, the conjugate operation can be applied to the 6th to 10th STSs among the 10 STSs.

[0308] For example, the Data (1750) field may be called by various names such as ER / ELR-Data, Payload, etc. The Data (1750) field and ELR-SIG (1745) of this specification may be transmitted via four replicated 52-tone RUs as described below.

[0309] For example, each of ELR-SIG-1 and ELR-SIG-2 included in ELR-SIG (1745) may include information with a length of 24 bits (e.g., uncoded bits with a length of 24 bits). BCC encoding by a code rate of 1 / 2 may be applied to the 24-bit information (e.g., uncoded bits with a length of 24 bits) to generate coded bits with a length of 48 bits. BPSK modulation may be applied to the coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols corresponding to each of ELR-SIG-1 and ELR-SIG-2. Four pilots are added to the 48 BPSK symbols to generate data corresponding to a total of 52 subcarriers / tones, and the data is included in a 52-tone RU. These 52-tone RUs can be transmitted via a 52-tone RU replicated / repeated four times in the frequency domain (or via four replicated 52-tone RUs) according to the method described herein.

[0310] For example, information included in Data (1750) can be mapped to a 52-tone RU based on BPSK or QPSK modulation.

[0311] Figure 18 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification. The procedure illustrated in Figure 18 may be performed by a non-AP STA, a non-AP MLD, an AP (Access Point), or an AP MLD (AP Multi-link Device).

[0312] As illustrated in step S1810, an STA (e.g., non-AP or AP) may generate (or configure, construct) an ELR PPDU. For example, the ELR PPDU of step S1810 may be an ELR PPDU related to FIGS. 15 to 17.

[0313] In other words, the STA can generate / configure the ELR PPDU based on whether or not it will perform ELR communication. For example, the STA can generate / configure the ELR PPDU based on performing ELR communication. For example, the STA can generate / configure the UHR PPDU based on performing normal UHR communication (e.g., transmitting UHR MU PPDU, transmitting UHR TB PPDU) rather than ELR communication.

[0314] An ELR PPDU according to an example of this specification may have the technical features described in FIGS. 15 to 17. For example, the STF of this specification may have various names such as UHR-STF, ELR-STF, etc. For example, the STF of this specification may be configured differently based on whether the PPDU including the STF is an ELR PPDU or a normal PPDU (e.g., UHR MU PPDU, UHR TB PPDU).

[0315] For example, the STF of this specification may apply a conjugate operation to at least one STS related to the STF based on the PPDU containing the STF being an ELR PPDU. The conjugate operation of this specification may mean an operation that changes the sign of the imaginary part of a complex number.

[0316] For example, the PPDU of this specification may be a 20 MHz PPDU. For example, the STF included in the PPDU may be composed of multiple STSs (short time sequences) that are repeated in the time domain, and one STS may have a duration of 1.6 μs (or a duration of 0.8 μs).

[0317] For example, the STF may be based on an STF sequence (e.g., a pre-configured 20 MHz sequence). For example, the STF sequence may be a 20 MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU or a 20 MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU.

[0318] For example, when a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU is used, five STSs can be configured based on the above equation 10. For example, when five STSs are configured corresponding to a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU, a conjugate (operation) can be applied to two STSs (e.g., the third STS and the fourth STS) or one STS (e.g., the first STS) among the five STSs. As described above, whether the corresponding PPDU is an ELR PPDU or a normal PPDU (e.g., UHR MU PPDU, UHR TB PPDU) can be identified / distinguished based on whether the conjugate (operation) is applied.

[0319] For example, the number of STS corresponding to the above 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU can be determined in various ways. For example, as in Equation 12 above, 10 STSs are configured, and conjugate (operation) can be applied to 5 of them.

[0320] For example, the STF sequence of the present specification can be determined in various ways, and the number or positions of STSs to which the conjugate (operation) is applied can also be determined in various ways. For example, the STF sequence can be an EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU, and the number of STSs corresponding to the sequence can be determined as 5 or 10. In addition, the number of STSs to which the conjugate (operation) is applied can be, for example, 1, 2, or 5, and the positions of the STSs to which the conjugate (operation) is applied can also be determined in various ways according to the above-described formula.

[0321] As illustrated in step S1820, an STA (e.g., non-AP or AP) may transmit an ELR PPDU. In other words, the STA may transmit a PPDU generated according to step S1810.

[0322] Figure 19 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to this specification. The procedure illustrated in Figure 19 may be performed by a non-AP STA, a non-AP MLD, an AP (Access Point), or an AP MLD (AP Multi-link Device).

[0323] As illustrated in S1910, an STA (e.g., non-AP or AP) can receive an ELR PPDU. In other words, an STS can receive a PPDU and determine whether the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU or a normal PPDU (e.g., UHR MU PPDU, UHR TB PPDU).

[0324] For example, an ELR PPDU may have the technical features described in FIGS. 15 to 17. For example, an STF in the present specification may have various names such as UHR-STF, ELR-STF, etc. For example, an STF in the present specification may be configured differently based on whether the PPDU containing the STF is an ELR PPDU or a normal PPDU (e.g., UHR MU PPDU, UHR TB PPDU).

[0325] For example, if the PPDU containing the STF is an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation may be applied to at least one STS related to the STF. For example, the PPDU of the present specification may be a 20 MHz PPDU. For example, the STF contained in the PPDU may be composed of multiple STSs (short time sequences) that are repeated in the time domain, and one STS may have a duration of 1.6 μs (or a duration of 0.8 μs).

[0326] For example, the STF may be based on an STF sequence (e.g., a pre-configured 20 MHz sequence). For example, the STF sequence may be a 20 MHz EHT STF sequence for MU PPDU or a 20 MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU.

[0327] For example, when a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU is used, five STSs can be configured based on the above equation 10. For example, when five STSs are configured corresponding to a 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU, a conjugate (operation) can be applied to two STSs (e.g., the third STS and the fourth STS) or one STS (e.g., the first STS) among the five STSs. As described above, whether the corresponding PPDU is an ELR PPDU or a normal PPDU (e.g., UHR MU PPDU, UHR TB PPDU) can be identified / distinguished based on whether the conjugate (operation) is applied.

[0328] For example, the number of STS corresponding to the above 20MHz EHT STF sequence for TB PPDU can be determined in various ways. For example, as in Equation 12 above, 10 STSs are configured, and conjugate (operation) can be applied to 5 of them.

[0329] For example, the STF sequence of this specification can be determined in various ways, and the number or position of STSs to which the conjugate (operation) is applied can also be determined in various ways.

[0330] The STA can determine whether the above conjugate (operation) is applied based on various techniques such as the auto correlation technique or the repetition check technique. For example, it can determine whether the conjugate (operation) is applied to the STS of the preset position using Equation 11 or Equation 13. For example, the calculated auto correlation value can be compared with the threshold value described above. Alternatively, without comparing with the threshold value, it can be determined whether the conjugate (operation) is applied to the STS of the preset position by comparing the auto correlation value 1 calculated for at least one specific STS with the auto correlation value 2 calculated for at least another STS. Alternatively, it is also possible to determine whether the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU by using the STS repetition check related to whether the STS is repeated without calculating the auto correlation value.

[0331] According to step S1920, if the received PPDU is an ELR PPDU, decoding for the ELR PPDU can be performed. Since the information for interpreting the ELR DATA included in the ELR PPDU is included in the ELR-SIG, the decoding can be performed based on the ELR-SIG.

[0332] The technical features of the present disclosure may be implemented by various devices. The devices of the present disclosure may be the devices described in FIG. 1 / FIG. 14. The devices of the present disclosure may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor, the computer memory storing instructions for performing operations based on execution by the at least one processor.

[0333] For example, the processor may be a processor described in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. That is, as described above, the processor of the present specification may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). The processor may include not only computers having various architectures such as single / multiprocessor architecture, sequential (Von Neumann) / parallel architecture, but also specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices. For example, the processor of the present specification may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or a processor that enhances the same.

[0334] For example, the instructions may refer to computer program instructions executed by the at least one processor. The (computer program) instructions provide logic and / or routines that enable the technical features of the present specification to be performed by the processor. The at least one processor can load and execute a computer program by reading the at least one memory.

[0335] The computer program(s) defined by the above instructions may be delivered to the device (e.g., STA) of the present specification via an appropriate delivery mechanism. The delivery mechanism may be, for example, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD, or a product tangibly embodying the computer program. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transmit the computer program via a wireless or electrical connection.

[0336] The above (computer program) instructions may include software or firmware for a programmable processor (e.g., programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device, etc.).

[0337] For example, the memory may be the memory described in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. That is, as described above, the memory of the present specification may store control information related to the operation of the STA of the present specification or information about signals transmitted and received by the STA (e.g., PPDU including management / control / data frames).

[0338] The technical features of this specification may be implemented in at least one computer-readable recording medium (CRM). The CRM includes instructions that are executed by at least one processor as described above. The instructions stored in the CRM may be computer program instructions as described above.

[0339] The device of the present disclosure may further include a transceiver. The transceiver may be operably connectable to the memory / processor, etc. The transceiver may be the transceiver illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14.

[0340] The technical features of this specification described above are applicable to various applications and business models. For example, the technical features described above can be applied to wireless communication in devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0341] Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of artificial intelligence or the methodologies for creating it, while machine learning (ML) defines various problems in the field of AI and studies the methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through consistent experience.

[0342] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning. It can refer to a model with problem-solving capabilities, consisting of artificial neurons (nodes) formed by the connection of synapses to form a network. An ANN can be defined by the connection patterns between neurons in different layers, the learning process that updates model parameters, and the activation function that generates output values.

[0343] An artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function value of an activation function based on input signals, weights, and biases received through the synapses.

[0344] Model parameters are parameters determined through learning, including synaptic connection weights and neuron biases. Hyperparameters are parameters that must be set before learning in machine learning algorithms, including the learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

[0345] The goal of artificial neural network training can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize a loss function. The loss function can be used as an indicator for determining optimal model parameters during the artificial neural network training process.

[0346] Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning depending on the learning method.

[0347] Supervised learning refers to a method for training an artificial neural network when given labels for the training data. The labels can refer to the correct answer (or output value) that the artificial neural network must infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning can refer to a method for training an artificial neural network when the training data is not given labels. Reinforcement learning can refer to a learning method in which an agent defined within a given environment is trained to select actions or action sequences that maximize the cumulative reward in each state.

[0348] Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) containing multiple hidden layers among artificial neural networks is also called deep learning, and deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Hereinafter, the term "machine learning" is used to encompass deep learning.

[0349] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to wireless communication of robots.

[0350] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically performs or operates a given task based on its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot capable of perceiving its environment, making independent judgments, and performing actions can be called an intelligent robot.

[0351] Robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military applications based on their intended use or field. Robots are equipped with actuators or motors, enabling them to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots incorporate wheels, brakes, and propellers into their actuators, enabling them to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0352] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to devices that support extended reality.

[0353] Extended reality is a general term for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology presents real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images only, AR technology presents virtual CG images over images of real objects, and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that blends and combines virtual objects with the real world.

[0354] MR technology is similar to AR in that it presents both real and virtual objects simultaneously. However, while AR uses virtual objects to complement real objects, MR uses virtual and real objects on an equal footing.

[0355] XR technology can be applied to HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc., and devices to which XR technology is applied can be called XR devices.

Claims

1. Configure the STF (Short Training Field) included in the PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit), The above PPDU is a 20 MHz PPDU, The above STF is composed of multiple STS (short time sequences) repeated in the time domain, and one STS has a duration of 1.6 μs. A step of applying a conjugate operation to one or two STSs among the plurality of STSs based on the fact that the above PPDU is an ELR (extended long range) PPDU; and Steps for transmitting the above PPDU Including method.

2. In paragraph 1, The above STF is composed based on the STF sequence, The above STF sequence is defined as {M, 0, -M} x (1+j) / SQRT(2), The above M is defined as {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, The above j is an imaginary number, and the above SQRT represents a square root, The above STF sequence has a coefficient on every 8 subcarriers from index -120 to index +120. method.

3. In paragraph 1, The above STF consists of 5 STSs, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation is applied to the third STS and the fourth STS among the five STSs. method.

4. In paragraph 1, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, the PPDU includes an ELR signal field. method.

5. In paragraph 1, The above STF consists of 5 STSs, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation is applied to the first STS among the above five STSs. method.

6. At least one processor; and At least one computer memory operable to connect to at least one processor, and storing instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: Configure the STF (Short Training Field) included in the PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit), The above PPDU is a 20 MHz PPDU, The above STF is composed of multiple STS (short time sequences) repeated in the time domain, and one STS has a duration of 1.6 μs. A step of applying a conjugate operation to one or two STSs among the plurality of STSs based on the fact that the above PPDU is an ELR (extended long range) PPDU; and Steps for transmitting the above PPDU Performing actions that include STA(station).

7. In paragraph 6, The above STF is composed based on the STF sequence, The above STF sequence is defined as {M, 0, -M} x (1+j) / SQRT(2), The above M is defined as {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, The above j is an imaginary number, and the above SQRT represents a square root, The above STF sequence has a coefficient on every 8 subcarriers from index -120 to index +120. STA(station).

8. In paragraph 6, The above STF consists of 5 STSs, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation is applied to the third STS and the fourth STS among the five STSs. STA(station).

9. In paragraph 6, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, the PPDU includes an ELR signal field. STA(station).

10. In paragraph 6, The above STF consists of 5 STSs, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation is applied to the first STS among the above five STSs. STA(station).

11. Receive a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing an STF (Short Training Field). The above PPDU is a 20 MHz PPDU, The above STF is composed based on a plurality of STS (short time sequences) repeated in the time domain, and one STS has a duration of 1.6 μs; and A step of determining whether the PPDU is an ELR (extended long range) PPDU based on whether at least one STS to which a conjugate operation is applied exists among the plurality of STSs. Including method.

12. In paragraph 11, A step of calculating an auto correlation value for the STF based on the above plurality of STSs. More inclusive method.

13. In paragraph 11, The above STF is composed based on the STF sequence, The above STF sequence is defined as {M, 0, -M} x (1+j) / SQRT(2), The above M is defined as {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, The above j is an imaginary number, and the above SQRT represents a square root, The above STF sequence has a coefficient on every 8 subcarriers from index -120 to index +120. method.

14. In paragraph 11, The above STF consists of 5 STSs, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation is applied to the third STS and the fourth STS among the five STSs. method.

15. In paragraph 11, The above STF consists of 5 STSs, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation is applied to the first STS among the above five STSs. method.

16. At least one processor; and At least one computer memory operable to connect to at least one processor, and storing instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: Receive a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) containing an STF (Short Training Field), The above PPDU is a 20 MHz PPDU, The above STF is composed based on a plurality of STS (short time sequences) repeated in the time domain, and one STS has a duration of 1.6 μs; and A step of determining whether the PPDU is an ELR (extended long range) PPDU based on whether at least one STS to which a conjugate operation is applied exists among the plurality of STSs. Performing actions that include STA(station).

17. In paragraph 16, The instructions of at least one computer memory are: Further performing the operation of calculating an auto correlation value for the STF based on the above plurality of STSs STA(station).

18. In paragraph 16, The above STF is composed based on the STF sequence, The above STF sequence is defined as {M, 0, -M} x (1+j) / SQRT(2), The above M is defined as {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}, The above j is an imaginary number, and the above SQRT represents a square root, The above STF sequence has a coefficient on every 8 subcarriers from index -120 to index +120. STA(station).

19. In paragraph 16, The above STF consists of 5 STSs, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation is applied to the third STS and the fourth STS among the five STSs. STA(station).

20. In paragraph 16, The above STF consists of 5 STSs, Based on the above PPDU being an ELR PPDU, a conjugate operation is applied to the first STS among the above five STSs. STA(station).

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