Signaling for concurrent artificial intelligence-based and non-artificial intelligence-based position information

Abstract

A wireless device may report location information or positioning measurements obtained using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning procedure, a non-AI-based positioning procedure, or both. For example, a location management function (LMF) may request reporting of a measurement obtained using both AI / ML and non-AI / ML, which may enhance positioning performance or may achieve a balance between accuracy and generalizability. In some approaches, the LMF may use non-AI / ML measurements to monitor AI / ML measurements. Some examples of the techniques described herein may provide signaling between a wireless device and an LMF for indicating wireless device capabilities regarding the performance or reporting of joint AI-based and non-AI-based positioning procedures. For instance, a wireless device may transmit an indication of a capability of the wireless device, which may indicate whether the wireless device supports non-AI-based positioning procedures, AI-based positioning procedures, or a combination thereof.

Description

Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO1SIGNALING FOR CONCURRENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED AND NON- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED POSITION INFORMATIONCROSS REFERENCE

[0001] The present Application for Patent claims priority to Greece Patent Application No. 20240100567 by HIRZALLAH et al., entitled “SIGNALING FOR CONCURRENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED AND NON-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED POSITION INFORMATION,” filed August 12, 2024, which is assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including signaling for concurrent artificial intelligence and non-artificial intelligence-based position information.BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE).Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO2SUMMARY

[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.

[0005] A method by a wireless device is described. The method may include transmitting capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an artificial intelligence (Al)-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model and transmitting at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0006] A wireless device is described. The wireless device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to transmit capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model and transmit at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0007] Another wireless device is described. The wireless device may include means for transmitting capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an AI- based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on aAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO3 non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model and means for transmitting at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to transmit capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of a wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model and transmit at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0009] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a reference signal associated with a communication resource, generating the first position information via the Al-based positioning procedure based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource, and generating the second position information via the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource.

[0010] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information of the wireless device may be indicated as one of a set of multiple capability reporting options, the set of multiple capability reporting options including a first capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure only, the non-AI-based positioning procedure only,Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO4 or the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0011] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information indicates that the wireless device may have the capability to report the first position information including first location information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second location information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network.

[0012] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information indicates that the wireless device may have the capability to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first signaling via one or more first frequency bands, and the second position information generated with the non- AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling via one or more second frequency bands.

[0013] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a request indicating that the wireless device may be to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or may be to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information.

[0014] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates one of a set of multiple position reporting options, the set of multiple position reporting options including a first option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure only, the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure only, or the first positionAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO5 information based on the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0015] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information of the wireless device indicates that the wireless device may have the capability to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0016] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information including first measurement information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second measurement information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network.

[0017] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request includes a first request that the wireless device may be to report the first position information generated with the AI- based positioning procedure based on first signaling communicated via a first frequency band, and a second request that the wireless device may be to report the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling communicated via a second frequency band.

[0018] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first reference signaling communicated within a first measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within a second measurement time period and the first measurementAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO6 time period and the second measurement time period overlap in time or may be separate in time.

[0019] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on reference signaling communicated within a measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within the measurement time period.

[0020] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and the second position information associated with the non-AI- based positioning procedure and a subset of the first position information or the second position information may be transmitted.

[0021] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting an error message indicating that the subset of the first position information or the second position information may be transmitted.

[0022] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a first indication that the first position information may be associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and transmitting a second indication that the second position information may be associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0023] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of a time period to transmit the first position information and the second position information after a reference signal resource used by the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO7

[0024] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of a capability to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more measurement types of measurements for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0025] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of a quantity of measurements that the wireless device may be capable of measuring for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0026] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of a first quantity of reference signal resources that the wireless device may be capable of using to generate measurements for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure, or a second quantity of transmission-reception points (TRPs) from which the wireless device may be capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0027] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of one or more supported periodicities in which the wireless device may be capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI- based positioning procedure.

[0028] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from a network node, configuration information that indicates one or more prioritizations for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO8

[0029] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from a network node, configuration information that indicates one or more conditions for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, the one or more conditions based on one or more characteristics of a reference signal received by the wireless device or based on an availability of a processing resource, a memory resource, or a power resource.

[0030] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the Al-based positioning procedure may be processed concurrently with, or in a sequence with, the non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more received reference signals on one or more frequency bands.

[0031] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the wireless device may be a user equipment (UE) or a network entity.

[0032] A method by a network node is described. The method may include obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model and obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0033] A network node is described. The network node may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the network node to obtain capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device toAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO9 report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model and obtain at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0034] Another network node is described. The network node may include means for obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model and means for obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0035] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to obtain capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model and obtain at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0036] Some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting a reference signal associated with a communication resource,Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO10 where the first position information may be based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource, and the second position information may be based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource.

[0037] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information of the wireless device may be indicated as one of a set of multiple capability reporting options, the set of multiple capability reporting options including a first capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure only, the non-AI-based positioning procedure only, or the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0038] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information indicates that the wireless device may have the capability to report the first position information including first location information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second location information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network.

[0039] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information indicates that the wireless device may have the capability to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first signaling via one or more first frequency bands, and the second position information generated with the non- AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling via one or more second frequency bands.

[0040] Some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting a request indicating that the wireless device may be to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or may be to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO11

[0041] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates one of a set of multiple position reporting options, the set of multiple position reporting options including a first option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure only, the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure only, or the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0042] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information of the wireless device indicates that the wireless device may have the capability to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0043] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information including first measurement information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second measurement information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network.

[0044] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request includes a first request that the wireless device may be to report the first position information generated with the AI- based positioning procedure based on first signaling communicated via a first frequency band, and a second request that the wireless device may be to report the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling communicated via a second frequency band.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO12

[0045] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first reference signaling communicated within a first measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within a second measurement time period and the first measurement time period and the second measurement time period overlap in time or may be separate in time.

[0046] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on reference signaling communicated within a measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within the measurement time period.

[0047] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the request indicates that the wireless device may be to report the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and the second position information associated with the non-AI- based positioning procedure and a subset of the first position information or the second position information may be obtained.

[0048] Some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining an error message indicating that the subset of the first position information or the second position information may be transmitted.

[0049] Some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for obtaining a first indication that the first position information may be associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and obtaining a second indicationAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO13 that the second position information may be associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0050] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of a time period to transmit the first position information and the second position information after a reference signal resource used by the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0051] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of a capability to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more measurement types of measurements for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0052] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of a quantity of measurements that the wireless device may be capable of measuring for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0053] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of a first quantity of reference signal resources that the wireless device may be capable of using to generate measurements for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure, or a second quantity of TRPs from which the wireless device may be capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0054] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the capability information includes an indication of one or more supported periodicities in which the wireless device may be capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI- based positioning procedure.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO14

[0055] Some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting configuration information that indicates one or more prioritizations for transmitting the first position information associated with the AI- based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0056] Some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer- readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for outputting configuration information that indicates one or more conditions for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, the one or more conditions based on one or more characteristics of a reference signal received by the wireless device or based on an availability of a processing resource, a memory resource, or a power resource.

[0057] In some examples of the method, network nodes, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the network node may be a base station or a location management function (LMF).

[0058] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports signaling for concurrent artificial intelligence (Al)-based and non-AI position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0060] FIG. 2 shows an example of a network structure that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO15

[0061] FIG. 3 shows an example of a network architecture that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0062] FIG. 4 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0063] FIG. 5 shows examples of timing diagrams that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0064] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0065] FIG. 7 shows an example of a process flow that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0066] FIGs. 8 and 9 show block diagrams of devices that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0067] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0068] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0069] FIGs. 12 and 13 show block diagrams of devices that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO16

[0070] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0071] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0072] FIGs. 16 through 19 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0073] FIG. 20 shows examples of wireless communications systems that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0074] FIG. 21 shows an example of a node diagram that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0075] FIGs. 22A and 22B show examples of block diagrams that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0076] FIG. 23 shows examples of block diagrams that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] Some wireless communications systems may perform one or more positioning procedures to estimate a position or location of an object (e.g., wireless device, user equipment (UE), or vehicle, among other examples). For instance, a positioning procedure may be one or more operations (e.g., measurement(s), calculation(s), or communication(s), among other examples) for estimating the position or location of the object. In some approaches, a UE may obtain position information (e.g., estimated position, location, or measurements) using one or more positioningAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO17 procedures with artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML), one or more positioning procedures without AI / ML, or a combination of positioning procedures with AI / ML and without AI / ML. As used herein, the term “Al-based positioning procedure” may refer to a positioning procedure performed with an Al model or ML model. The term “non-A based positioning procedure” may refer to a positioning procedure performed without an Al model or ML model. Al-based positioning procedures may improve positioning accuracy. For instance, Al-based positioning procedures may improve accuracy in stringent non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions.

[0078] Some issues may arise in scenarios where one or more Al-based positioning procedures or non-AI-based positioning procedures are available. For instance, some UEs may support positioning procedures with AI / ML and positioning procedures without AI / ML, but may be unable to coordinate with a network regarding joint A based and non-AI-based positioning. In some cases, the network may lack capability information regarding a capability of a UE to jointly (e.g., concurrently) perform AI- based and non-AI-based positioning procedures, may be unable to configure a UE to perform joint (e.g., concurrent) Al-based and non-AI-based positioning, or may lack an indication of whether reported information is associated with Al-based or non-AI-based positioning.

[0079] In some examples of the techniques described herein, a UE may report location information or positioning measurements obtained using an Al-based positioning procedure, a non-AI-based positioning procedure, or both. For example, a location management function (LMF) may request reporting of a measurement obtained using both AI / ML and non- AI / ML, which may enhance positioning performance or may achieve a balance between accuracy and generalizability. In some approaches, the LMF may use non- AI / ML measurements to monitor AI / ML measurements.

[0080] Some examples of the techniques described herein may provide signaling between a UE and an LMF for indicating UE capabilities regarding the performance or reporting of joint Al-based and non-AI-based positioning procedures. For instance, a UE may transmit an indication of a capability of the UE, which may indicate whether the UE supports non-AI-based positioning procedures, Al-based positioning procedures, or a combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, signaling may be provided forAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO18 requesting, reporting, prioritization, or conditioning of joint AI / ML and non-AI / ML processing or reporting for positioning.

[0081] Aspects of the disclosure are described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are also described in the context of a wireless network structure and a network architecture. Aspects of the disclosure are further described in the context of timing diagrams. Aspects of the disclosure are additionally described in the context of process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, flowcharts, a node diagram, and block diagrams that relate to signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information.

[0082] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports signaling for sample-based position estimation in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105), one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE- Advanced (LTE- A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0083] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a network node, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link(s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link). For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link(s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO19

[0084] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or have different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105), as shown in FIG. 1.

[0085] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be another UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be another network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0086] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via wired or wireless backhaul communication link(s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an SI, N2, N3, or other interface protocol). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link(s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g.,Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO20 via the core network 130). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link(s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link), among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.

[0087] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point (AP), a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5GNB, a next-generation eNB (ng- eNB), a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology). In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0088] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture), which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105), such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU), such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU), such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU), such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC), a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC)), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may alsoAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO21 be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmission-reception point (TRP). One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU), a virtual DU (VDU), a virtual RU (VRU)).

[0089] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs), or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (LI) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170). In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170). A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP)Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO22 functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., Fl interface, Fl-c interface, or Fl-u, among other examples), and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.

[0090] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100), infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node(s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node(s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station). The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node(s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link(s) 120). IAB node(s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node(s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node(s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node(s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node(s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream). In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node(s) 104 or components of the IAB node(s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO23

[0091] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor), IAB node(s) 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include one or more of a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170, in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and IAB node(s) 104 may communicate via an Fl interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an Fl AP protocol). Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs (e.g., including a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of another portion of a backhaul link.

[0092] IAB node(s) 104 may refer to RAN nodes that provide IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities). A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node(s) 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with IAB node(s) 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through other IAB node(s) 104). Additionally, or alternatively, IAB node(s) 104 may also be referred to as parent nodes or child nodes to other IAB node(s) 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. The IAB-MT entity of IAB node(s) 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node (e.g., the IAB node(s) 104) to receive signaling from a parent IAB node (e.g., the IAB node(s) 104), and a DU interface (e.g., a DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node to signal to a child IAB node or UE 115.

[0093] For example, IAB node(s) 104 may be referred to as parent nodes that support communications for child IAB nodes, or may be referred to as child IAB nodes associated with IAB donors, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., backhaul communication link(s) 120) to the core network 130 and may act as a parent node to IAB node(s) 104. For example, the DU 165 of anAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO24IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB node(s) 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an Fl interface to IAB node(s) 104, and the IAB node(s) 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165). That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node(s) 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of IAB node(s) 104 (e.g., other IAB node(s)). Communications with IAB node(s) 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of the IAB donor or of IAB node(s) 104.

[0094] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support testing as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180).

[0095] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (loT) device, an Internet of Everything (loE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.

[0096] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO25

[0097] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link(s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link(s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link(s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting,” “receiving,” or “communicating,” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105).

[0098] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN)) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non- standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different RAT).Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO26

[0099] The communication link(s) 125 of the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode).

[0100] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)). Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.

[0101] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam), and the use ofAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO27 multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.

[0102] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (A ) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.

[0103] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts= l / (A / mflx■ Ay) seconds, for which fmaxmay represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Ay may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0104] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Ay) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.

[0105] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, orAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO28 alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0106] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE).

[0107] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID)). In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO29

[0108] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.

[0109] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband loT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access for different types of devices.

[0110] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105). In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105). The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.[OHl] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of the network entities 105) may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frameAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO30 timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of network entities 105) may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

[0112] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or loT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.

[0113] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently). In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 may include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.

[0114] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured toAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO31 support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0115] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to- many (1 :M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.

[0116] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to- everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or moreAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO32 network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to- network (V2N) communications, or with both.

[0117] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.

[0118] The wireless communications system 100 may include an LMF 185. The LMF 185 may provide positioning, location, or tracking functions. For instance, the LMF 185 may participate in one or more positioning procedures to determine a location of (e.g., coordinates of, relative distance(s) to, or an address of) one or more of the UEs 115. Examples of positioning procedures may include one or more operations of assisted global navigation satellite system (A-GNSS), observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA), enhanced cell identifier (E-CID), sensor-based positioning, wireless local area network (WLAN)-based positioning, Bluetooth-based positioning, terrestrial beacon systems (TBS) positioning, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD), multi -round-trip time (Multi-RTT), New Radio NR enhanced cell identifier (E-CID) (e.g., downlink (DL) NR E-CID), uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA), among other examples. Some examples of the positioning procedures may be managed by, assisted by, or performed with the LMF 185. For instance, measurements associated withAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO33 reference signaling may be provided to the LMF 185, which may estimate a location of a UE 115 based on the measurements. In some aspects, the LMF 185 may track or store location information corresponding to one or more UEs 115. Some examples of the positioning procedures may be performed without the LMF 185.

[0119] The LMF 185 may be included in the core network 130 or may be separate from the core network 130. In some examples, an LMF 185 may be a standalone device or may be included in (e.g., integrated with) a network entity 105, a base station 140, a UE 115, a satellite 190, a server, or another device. For instance, the LMF 185 may be (or may be included in) a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP) device, a third-party server, or another device. The LMF 185 may generally refer to a positioning device, a location device, a computing device, or a server, among other examples.

[0120] A UE 115 may communicate with the LMF 185 directly or indirectly. For example, a UE 115 may communicate with the LMF 185 via a network entity 105 that is serving the UE 115 and via the core network 130. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 115 may communicate with the LMF 185 through another path (e.g., via an application server (not shown)) or via another network (e.g., via a WLAN AP), among other examples. Communication between a UE 115 and the LMF 185 may be represented via an indirect connection (e.g., through a communication link 125, a network entity 105, a communication link 155, a backhaul communication link 120, or the core network 130) or as a direct connection, with one or more intervening nodes (if any) omitted for concision or convenience.

[0121] A satellite 190 may be an aerial or space vehicle with signaling capability. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include or communicate with one or more satellites 190. The satellite(s) 190 may be included in one or more satellite positioning systems (e.g., GNSS(s)). A satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global or regional navigation satellites associated with one or more satellite positioning systems (e.g., global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), or Galileo, among other examples). A satellite positioning system may include satellites 190 or other transmitters positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 115) to determine a location on or above the Earth based on signals (e.g., the signals 195) received from theAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO34 satellites 190. For instance, each satellite 190 may transmit a signal 195 marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set quantity of chips. In some cases, one or more transmitters located on ground-based control stations, network entities 105, or UEs 115 may transmit signals for enabling a UE 115 to determine a location.

[0122] A UE 115 may include one or more receivers designed to receive the signal(s) 195 from the satellite(s) 190 for determining location information (e.g., a geographic location of the UE 115). For instance, the UE 115 may receive one or more signals 195 from the satellite(s) 190, which may be utilized to determine a location of the UE 115.

[0123] In a satellite positioning system, the use of signals 195 may be augmented with one or more satellite-based augmentation systems (SB AS) that may be associated with or enabled for use with one or more global or regional navigation satellite systems. An SB AS may provide integrity information, differential corrections, or other information for use in conjunction with a satellite positioning system. An SBAS may include one or more augmentation systems, such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), or the GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system, among other examples.

[0124] In some aspects, the satellite(s) 190 may be included in one or more nonterrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, a satellite 190 may communicate with one or more devices (e.g., network nodes, ground stations, NTN gateways, or gateways) located on or above the Earth. For example, the satellite 190 may send or receive one or more communications 192 with a network entity 105. In some aspects, the communication(s) 192 may include one or more signals relayed to or from a UE 115. Additionally, or alternatively, the satellite 190 may communicate with another terrestrial device that is connected to one or more elements of the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the satellite 190 may communicate with a ground station or NTN gateway, which may provide access to the wireless communications system 100 or one or more other entities (e.g., Internet web servers or one or more other user devices) external to the wireless communications system 100. In some examples, a UE 115 may receive communication signals 195 from the satellite 190 instead of, or in addition to, communication signals from a terrestrial network node.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO35

[0125] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0126] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170), and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.

[0127] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize licensed or unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on aAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO36 carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.

[0128] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.

[0129] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO37

[0130] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation).

[0131] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0132] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may beAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO38 determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.

[0133] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115). The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI- RS)), which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170), a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

[0134] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105), such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight setsAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO39 applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to- noise ratio (SNR), or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0135] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP -based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.

[0136] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., the communication link(s) 125, a D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in relatively poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal -to-noise conditions). In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO40

[0137] The wireless communications system 100 may perform one or more positioning procedures to estimate a position of an object (e.g., wireless device, UE 115, or vehicle, among other examples). In some approaches, a UE 115 may obtain position information (e.g., estimated position or measurements) using an Al-based positioning procedure, a non-AI-based positioning procedure, or both non-AI-based and Al-based positioning procedures. Al-based positioning procedures may improve positioning accuracy. For instance, Al-based positioning procedures may improve accuracy in stringent NLOS conditions.

[0138] Some issues may arise in scenarios where non-AI-based positioning procedures or Al-based positioning procedures may be available. For instance, some UEs may support Al-based positioning procedures and non-AI-based positioning procedures, but may be unable to coordinate with a network regarding joint Al-based and non-AI-based positioning. In some cases, a network may lack capability information regarding a capability of a UE to jointly (e.g., concurrently) perform AI- based and non-AI-based positioning procedures, may be unable to configure a UE to perform joint (e.g., concurrent) Al-based and non-AI-based positioning, or may lack an indication of whether reported information is associated with Al-based or non-AI-based positioning.

[0139] In some examples of the techniques described herein, a UE 115 may report location information or positioning measurements obtained using an Al-based positioning procedure, a non-AI-based positioning procedure, or both. For example, the LMF 185 may request reporting of a measurement obtained using both AI / ML and non- AI / ML, which may enhance positioning performance or may achieve a balance between accuracy and generalizability. In some approaches, the LMF 185 may use non- AI / ML measurements to monitor AI / ML measurements.

[0140] Some examples of the techniques described herein may provide signaling between a UE 115 and an LMF 185 for indicating UE 115 capabilities regarding the performance or reporting of joint Al-based and non-AI-based positioning procedures. In some approaches, a UE 115 may transmit an indication of a capability of the UE 115, which may indicate whether the UE 115 supports non-AI-based positioning procedures, Al-based positioning procedures, or a combination thereof. For instance, the UE 115 may transmit signaling (e.g., new LTE positioning protocol (LPP) signaling) to indicateAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO41 a UE 115 capability to support joint (e.g., concurrent) Al-based and non-AI-based positioning procedures.

[0141] Additionally, or alternatively, signaling may be provided for requesting, reporting, prioritization, or conditioning of joint AI / ML and non-AI / ML processing or reporting for positioning. For example, signaling (e.g., new LPP signaling) may be provided for the LMF 185 to request a UE 115 to indicate location information or positioning measurements using AI / ML or non-AI / ML (e.g., two locations or positioning measurements determined from concurrent use of Al-based and non-AI- based positioning procedures). In some approaches, signaling (e.g., new LPP signaling) may be provided for a UE 115 to indicate multiple location information or positioning measurements for a same reference signal resource or positioning occasion, where one corresponds to an Al-based positioning procedure and the other corresponds to a non- AI-based positioning procedure. The UE 115 may respond to a request for joint AI / ML and non-AI / ML information or separate AI / ML or non-AI / ML information in accordance with one or more approaches.

[0142] As used herein, the terms “Al,” “AI / ML,” “Al-based,” or “ML-based” may refer to Al or ML techniques. The term “Al model” may refer to one or more Al models (with or without ML) or to one or more ML models. As used herein, an Al model may be referred to as an “Al-based model,” an “ML model,” or an “ML-based model.”

[0143] In some examples, the term “non-AI / ML” may refer to one or more operations performed without AI / ML. Additionally, or alternatively, non-AI-based positioning procedures may refer to A-GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID, sensor-based positioning, WLAN-based positioning, Bluetooth-based positioning, TBS positioning, DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, Multi-RTT, NR E-CID, UL-TDOA, or UL-AoA, where an Al model is not utilized. In some examples, one or more of the non-AI-based positioning procedures may operate in accordance with the attributes described in Table (1), where MBS denotes multicast-broadcast services. In other examples, one or more non-AI- based positioning procedures may be performed on device other than those described in Table (1) or without one or more of the attributes described in Table (1).Attorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO42Table (1)

[0144] FIG. 2 shows an example of a network structure 200 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless network structure 200 may include a core network 130-a, a RAN 225, a UE 115-a, an LMF 185-a, an external device 230 (e.g., third-party device or server), or an SLP 235. In some examples, the wireless network structure 200 may be included in the wireless communications system 100 described with reference to FIG. 1. The core network 130-a may be an example of the core network 130, the UE 115-a may be an example of the UEs 115, or the LMF 185-a may be an example of the LMF 185, as described with reference to FIG. 1.

[0145] The core network 130-a may provide one or more control plane (C-plane) functions (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, or gateway selection, among other examples) or one or more user plane (U-plane) functions (e.g., UE gatewayAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO43 function, data network access, or IP routing, among other examples). One or more of the functions of the core network 130-a may be implemented in one or more devices (e.g., one or more electronic devices, computing devices, servers, among other examples) in hardware (e.g., circuitry) or a combination of hardware and instructions (e.g., a processor with instructions). The core network 130-a may be an EPC, 5GC, or a Next Generation Core (NGC), among other examples.

[0146] The core network 130-a may provide an AMF 210, a session management function (SMF) 220, or a UPF 215. The AMF 210 may provide one or more C-plane functions, such as registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 115-a and the SMF 220, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between the UE 115-a and the short message service function (SMSF) (not shown in FIG. 2), or security anchor functionality (SEAF) (not shown in FIG. 2), among other examples. In some aspects, the AMF 210 may interact with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown in FIG. 2) and the UE 115-a, and may receive an intermediate key established as a result of a UE 115-a authentication process. In a case of authentication based on a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) subscriber identity module (USIM), the AMF 210 may retrieve security information from the AUSF. In some examples, the AMF 210 may provide a security context management (SCM) function. The SCM function may receive a key from the SEAF that may be utilized to derive access-network specific keys. The AMF 210 may provide location services management for regulatory services, transport for location services messages between the UE 115-a and an LMF 185-a, transport for location services messages between the RAN 225 and the LMF 185-a, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, or UE 115-a mobility event notification. In some approaches, the AMF 210 may support one or more functionalities for Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access networks or non-3GPP access networks.

[0147] The UPF 215 may provide one or more U-plane functions, such as acting as an anchor point for intra / inter-RAT mobility, acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnection to a data network (not shown in FIG. 2),Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO44 providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, or traffic steering), user plane collection (e.g., interception), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the U-plane (e.g., uplink or downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (e.g., service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink or downlink, downlink packet buffering, downlink data notification triggering, or sending or forwarding one or more indications of an end of a transmission (e.g., “end markers”) to a source RAN node, among other examples. In some examples, the UPF 215 may support the transfer of location services messages over a U-plane between the UE 115-a and another device (e.g., the SLP 235 or the external device 230.

[0148] The SMF 220 may provide one or more functions, such as session management, UE IP address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF 215 to route traffic to a destination, control (e.g., partial control) of policy enforcement or QoS, or downlink data notification. In some aspects, the SMF 220 may communicate with the AMF 210 over an N11 interface 240.

[0149] The RAN 225 may include one or more gNBs 255 or one or more ng-eNBs 260. The gNB(s) 255 or the ng-eNB(s) 260 may be examples of the network entities 105 described with reference to FIG. 1. For instance, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) may include one or more gNBs 255, or other examples of the RAN 225 may include one or more ng-eNBs 260 or gNBs 255.

[0150] The core network 130-a may communicate with the RAN 225 via a C-plane interface 245 (e.g., NG-C or N2 interface) or a U-plane interface 250 (e.g., NG-U or N3 interface). The C-plane interface 245 or the U-plane interface 250 may connect the gNB 255 or the ng-eNB 260 to the core network 130-a (e.g., to one or more control plane functions or one or more user plane functions). For instance, the C-plane interface 245 may connect the AMF 210 to one or more gNBs 255 or ng-eNBs 260 in the RAN 225, or the U-plane interface 250 may connect the UPF 215 to one or more gNBs 255 or ng- eNBs 260 in the RAN 225. The gNB(s) 255 or ng-eNB(s) 260 of the RAN 225 may communicate with each other via one or more backhaul communication links 120-a (e.g., Xn-C interface). The backhaul communication link(s) 120-a may be examples ofAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO45 the backhaul communication links 120 described with reference to FIG. 1. One or more of the gNBs 255 or ng-eNBs 260 may communicate with one or more UEs 115-a over one or more communication links 125-a (e.g., the Uu interface). The communication link(s) 125-a may be examples of the communication links 125 described with reference to FIG. 1.

[0151] The LMF 185-a may communicate with the core network 130-a to provide location functionality (e.g., to participate in one or more positioning procedures) for the UE(s) 115-a. The LMF 185-a may be an example of the LMF 185 described with reference to FIG. 1. The LMF 185-a may be implemented as one or more devices (e.g., one or more servers, such as physically separate servers, one or more instruction sets on a single server, or instruction sets distributed across multiple physical servers, among other examples). The LMF 185-a may support one or more location services for one or more UEs 115-a that may connect to the LMF 185-a via the RAN 225, via the core network 130-a, or via another connection (e.g., the Internet). In some examples, the LMF 185-a may communicate with a UE 115-a or another device via a C-plane connection (e.g., using one or more interfaces or protocols for signaling control information, or separate from voice or payload data). In some aspects, the LMF 185-a may be integrated into a component of the core network 130-a or may be external to the core network 130-a (e.g., on an external device 230, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or other server).

[0152] In some examples, the SLP 235 may provide location functionality (e.g., may participate in one or more positioning procedures) for the UE(s) 115-a. The SLP 235 may be an example of the LMF 185 described with reference to FIG. 1. The SLP 235 may be implemented as one or more devices (e.g., one or more servers, such as physically separate servers, one or more instruction sets on a single server, or instruction sets distributed across multiple physical servers, among other examples). The SLP 235 may support one or more location services for one or more UEs 115-a that may connect to the SLP 235 via the RAN 225, via the core network 130-a, or via another connection (e.g., the Internet). In some examples, the SLP 235 may communicate with a UE 115-a or another device via a U-plane connection (e.g., using one or more interfaces or protocols for signaling voice or payload data, such as a transmission control protocol (TCP) or IP).Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO46

[0153] In some examples, the external device 230 may communicate with the LMF 185-a, the SLP 235, the core network 130-a (e.g., via the AMF 210 or the UPF 215), the RAN 225, or the UE 115-a to obtain location information (e.g., a location estimate) for the UE 115-a. The external device 230 may be referred to as a location services (LCS) client or an external client. The external device 230 may be implemented as one or more devices (e.g., one or more servers, such as physically separate servers, one or more instruction sets on a single server, or instruction sets distributed across multiple physical servers, among other examples). The external device 230 may support one or more location services for one or more UEs 115-a that may connect to the external device 230 via the RAN 225, via the core network 130-a, or via another connection (e.g., the Internet).

[0154] In some approaches, the functionality of a gNB 255 may be divided between a CU 160-a, one or more DUs 165-a, or one or more RUs 170-a. The CU 160-a may be an example of the CU 160 described with reference to FIG. 1, the one or more DUs 165-a may be examples of the DU 165 described with reference to FIG. 1, or the one or more RUs 170-a may be examples of the RU 170 described with reference to FIG. 1. In some examples, the CU 160-a may provide one or more functions, such as transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, or others, except for one or more functions allocated exclusively to the DU(s) 165-a. A DU 165-a may support one or more cells. The DUs 165-a may communicate with the CU 160-a via midhaul communication links 162-a (e.g., via the Fl interface). The midhaul communication links 162-a may be examples of the midhaul communication links 162 described with reference to FIG.l. The RUs 170-a may perform one or more functions such as power amplification, signal transmission, or signal reception. The RUs 170-a may communicate with the DUs 165-a via fronthaul communication links 168-a (e.g., via the Fx interface). The fronthaul communication links 168-a may be examples of the fronthaul communication links 168 described with reference to FIG. l. The UE 115-a may communicate with the gNB 255, RU 170-a, or ng-eNB 260 a via communication links 125-a. The communication links 125-a may be examples of the communication links 125 described with reference to FIG.l. The UE 115-a may communicate with the CU 160-a via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with a DU 165-a via the RLC and MAC layers, or with an RU 170-a via the PHY layer.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO47

[0155] FIG. 3 shows an example of a network architecture 300 (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The network architecture 300 may illustrate an example for implementing one or more aspects of the wireless communications system 100. The network architecture 300 may include one or more CUs 160-b that may communicate directly with a core network 130-b via a backhaul communication link 120-b, or indirectly with the core network 130-b through one or more disaggregated network entities 105 (e.g., a Near-RT RIC 175-b via an E2 link, or a Non-RT RIC 175-a associated with an SMO 180-a (e.g., an SMO Framework), or both). A CU 160-b may communicate with one or more DUs 165-b via respective midhaul communication links 162-b (e.g., an Fl interface). The DUs 165-b may communicate with one or more RUs 170-b via respective fronthaul communication links 168-b. The RUs 170-b may be associated with respective coverage areas 110-a and may communicate with UEs 115-b via one or more communication links 125-b. In some implementations, a UE 115-b may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 170-b.

[0156] Each of the network entities 105 of the network architecture 300 (e.g., CUs 160-b, DUs 165-b, RUs 170-b, Non-RT RICs 175-a, Near-RT RICs 175-b, SMOs 180-a, Open Clouds (O-Clouds) 305, Open eNBs (O-eNBs) 310) may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals (e.g., data, information) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each network entity 105, or an associated processor (e.g., controller) providing instructions to an interface of the network entity 105, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other network entities 105 via the transmission medium. For example, the network entities 105 may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other network entities 105. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entities 105 may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or transceiver (e.g., an RF transceiver) configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other network entities 105.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO48

[0157] In some examples, a CU 160-b may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include RRC, PDCP, SDAP, or the like. Each control function may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 160-b. A CU 160-b may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., CU-UP), control plane functionality (e.g., CU-CP), or a combination thereof. In some examples, a CU 160-b may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. A CU 160-b may be implemented to communicate with a DU 165-b, as necessary, for network control and signaling.

[0158] A DU 165-b may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more functions (e.g., base station functions, RAN functions) to control the operation of one or more RUs 170-b. In some examples, a DU 165-b may host, at least partially, one or more of an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and one or more aspects of a PHY layer (e.g., a high PHY layer, such as modules for FEC encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU 165-b may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers hosted by the DU 165-b, or with control functions hosted by a CU 160-b.

[0159] In some examples, lower-layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 170-b. For example, an RU 170-b, controlled by a DU 165-b, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (e.g., performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower-layer functional split. In such an architecture, an RU 170-b may be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 115-b. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 170-b may be controlled by the corresponding DUAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO49165-b. In some examples, such a configuration may enable a DU 165-b and a CU 160-b to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0160] The SMO 180-a may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network entities 105. For non-virtualized network entities 105, the SMO 180-a may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (e.g., an 01 interface). For virtualized network entities 105, the SMO 180-a may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., an O-Cloud 305) to perform network entity life cycle management (e.g., to instantiate virtualized network entities 105) via a cloud computing platform interface (e.g., an 02 interface). Such virtualized network entities 105 can include, but are not limited to, CUs 160-b, DUs 165-b, RUs 170-b, and Near-RT RICs 175-b. In some implementations, the SMO 180-a may communicate with components configured in accordance with a 4G RAN (e.g., via an 01 interface). Additionally, or alternatively, in some implementations, the SMO 180-a may communicate directly with one or more RUs 170-b via an 01 interface. The SMO 180-a also may include a Non- RT RIC 175-a configured to support functionality of the SMO 180-a.

[0161] The Non-RT RIC 175-a may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Al or ML workflows including model training and updates, or policy -based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 175-b. The Non-RT RIC 175-a may be coupled to or communicate with (e.g., via an Al interface) the Near-RT RIC 175-b. The Near-RT RIC 175-b may be configured to include a logical function that enables near- real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 160-b, one or more DUs 165-b, or both, as well as an O-eNB 310, with the Near-RT RIC 175-b.

[0162] In some examples, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 175-b, the Non-RT RIC 175-a may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 175-b and may be received at the SMO 180-a or the Non-RT RIC 175-a from nonnetwork data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RICAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO50175-a or the Near-RT RIC 175-b may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 175-a may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ Al or ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO 180-a (e.g., reconfiguration via 01) or via generation of RAN management policies (e.g., Al policies).

[0163] FIG. 4 shows an example of a wireless communications system 400 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-ALbased position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 400 may implement aspects of, or may be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 400 includes a wireless device 415, which may be an example of a UE 115, network entity 105, RU 170, DU 165, or CU 160 described with reference to FIG. 1, a UE 115-a, gNB 255, RU 170-a, DU 165-a, CU 160-a, or ng-eNB 260 described with reference to FIG. 2, or a UE 115-b, RU 170-b, DU 165-b, or CU 160-b described with reference to FIG. 3. The wireless communications system 400 also includes a network node 405, which may be an example of a network entity 105, LMF 185, RU 170, DU 165, or CU 160 described with reference to FIG. 1, an LMF 185-a, external device 230, SLP 235, AMF 210, SMF 220, UPF 215, gNB 255, RU 170-a, DU 165-a, CU 160-a, or ng-eNB 260 described with reference to FIG. 2, or an RU 170-b, DU 165-b, or CU 160-b described with reference to FIG. 3.

[0164] The wireless device 415 may communicate with the network node 405 using a link 425, which may be an example of a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, or a communication link 155 described with reference to FIG. 1, a communication link 125-a, a backhaul communication link 120-a, a C-plane interface 245, or a U-plane interface 250 described with reference to FIG. 2, a communication link 125-b or a backhaul communication link 120-b described with reference to FIG. 3, or another link. The link 425 may include a unidirectional or bidirectional link that enables uplink or downlink network communications. For example, the wireless device 415 may transmit one or more uplink transmissions 410, such as uplink control signals or uplink data signals, to the network node 405 using the link 425. Additionally, or alternatively, the network node 405 may transmit one or moreAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO51 downlink transmissions (not shown in FIG. 4), such as downlink control signals or downlink data signals, to the wireless device 415 using the link 425.

[0165] The wireless device 415 may output (e.g., transmit), or the network node 405 may obtain (e.g., receive), capability information 440 of the wireless device 415. The capability information 440 may indicate a capability of the wireless device 415 to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure. The first position information and the second position information may be associated with a position of an object (e.g., the wireless device 415, a UE, or another object). For instance, the first position information or the second position information may indicate a location of the wireless device 415 or one or more measurements related to a location of the wireless device 415. In some examples, the capability information 440 may be communicated (e.g., transmitted or received) as capability signaling via an LPP or as TRP information signaling via an NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa). In some aspects, the capability information 440 may be output (e.g., transmitted) in response to a capability request received from the network node 405 (e.g., in association with an LPP capability transfer procedure) or independently (e.g., in association with an LPP capability indication procedure or without a capability request).

[0166] As used herein, the terms “concurrent” or “joint” may denote that two events may occur simultaneously (e.g., at the same time), approximately simultaneously, or in overlapping time frames. For instance, a capability of the wireless device 415 to report the first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure may denote that the Al-based positioning procedure is performed concurrently with the non-AI-based positioning procedure (e.g., that the wireless device 415 is capable of measuring, determining, generating, processing, or signaling the first position information in an overlapping time frame with the second position information).

[0167] Position information may include a location (e.g., estimated location or position) or one or more measurements associated with a positioning procedure (e.g., Al-based positioning procedure or non-AI-based positioning procedure). For instance, position information may include a location or measurement determined based on one or more positioning procedures, such as A-GNSS positioning, OTDOA positioning, E-Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO52CID positioning, sensor-based positioning, WLAN-based positioning, Bluetooth-based positioning, TBS positioning, DL-TDOA positioning, DL-AoD positioning, Multi -RTT positioning, NR E-CID positioning, UL-TDOA positioning, or UL-AoA positioning, among other examples.

[0168] A non-ALbased positioning procedure may include one or more positioning procedures where an AI / ML technique is not utilized to determine (e.g., infer or predict) a location or measurement. For instance, A-GNSS positioning, OTDOA positioning, E- CID positioning, sensor-based positioning, WLAN-based positioning, Bluetooth-based positioning, TBS positioning, DL-TDOA positioning, DL-AoD positioning, Multi -RTT positioning, NR E-CID positioning, UL-TDOA positioning, UL-AoA positioning, or other positioning performed without the use of an AI / ML technique or model may be a non-ALbased positioning procedure.

[0169] An Al-based positioning procedure may include one or more positioning procedures where one or more AI / ML techniques (e.g., AI / ML model(s)) are utilized to determine (e.g., infer or predict) a location or measurement. In some examples, an Al model may be utilized to perform one or more operations of a positioning procedure (e.g., to infer or predict a measurement, value, quantity, or location). For instance, A- GNSS positioning, OTDOA positioning, E-CID positioning, sensor-based positioning, WLAN-based positioning, Bluetooth-based positioning, TBS positioning, DL-TDOA positioning, DL-AoD positioning, Multi-RTT positioning, NR E-CID positioning, UL- TDOA positioning, UL-AoA positioning, or other positioning performed with the use of an AI / ML technique(s) or model(s) may be an Al-based positioning procedure. For instance, an Al model may be trained to model one or more operations of a positioning procedure. When the Al model is executed, for instance, a location or one or more measurements may be generated (e.g., inferred or predicted) without directly performing the one or more operations of the positioning procedure.

[0170] A location may be information or data indicating a point, area, or region where an object (e.g., the wireless device 415) is located. A location may be expressed as coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, or altitude of a geographic coordinate system (GCS), universal transverse mercator (UTM) coordinates, state plane coordinate system (SPCS) coordinates, or Earth-centered Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinates, among other examples), an address, or a location relative to another location, among other examples.Attorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO53

[0171] A measurement may be measured, generated, calculated, inferred, or predicted based on one or more samples, data, information, or characteristics of a reference signal. Examples of measurements may include signal strength, reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received path power (RSRPP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to- interference plus noise ratio (SINR), SNR, channel frequency response (CFR), channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), delay profile (DP), channel quality indicator (CQI), channel state information (CSI), line-of-sight (LOS) indicator, time of arrival (ToA), reference signal time difference (RSTD), time difference of arrival (TDOA), reference signal carrier phase (RSCP), reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD), or reception-to-transmission (Rx-Tx) time difference, among other examples. In some examples, a measurement may be data or an indicator that indicates one or more of the aforementioned values.

[0172] The wireless device 415 may output (e.g., transmit), or the network node 405 may obtain (e.g., receive) position information 445 (e.g., first position information or second position information), which may be generated in accordance with the capability information 440. The position information 445 may include the first position information, the second position information, or a combination of both. For example, the wireless device 415 may transmit at least one of the first position information or the second position information. The first position information or the second position information may be generated in accordance with the capability information 440 (e.g., the first position information may be generated utilizing an Al-based positioning procedure as indicated by the capability information 440 or the second position information may be generated utilizing a non-AI-based positioning procedure as indicated by the capability information 440). In some aspects, the position information 445 may be output (e.g., transmitted) in response to a request received from the network node 405 (e.g., in association with an LPP information transfer procedure) or independently (e.g., in association with an LPP information delivery procedure or without a request).

[0173] In some examples, network node 405 may output (e.g., transmit), or the wireless device 415 may obtain (e.g., receive), a reference signal (not shown in FIG. 4). The reference signal may be a signal (e.g., electromagnetic signal, RF signal) with oneAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO54 or more established characteristics (e.g., signaling pattern, strength, amplitude, magnitude, frequency, timing, modulation, phase, or data, among other examples). For instance, the wireless device 415 or the network node 405 may store information indicating one or more of the characteristics of the reference signal, which may allow for comparison of one or more stored characteristics and one or more characteristics of the received reference signal. The reference signal (e.g., the comparison) may enable channel estimation (e.g., channel attenuation, phase, frequency shift, or Doppler effects, among other examples), positioning, or tracking. Examples of the reference signal may include a reference signal of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a CSI-RS, a positioning reference signal (PRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or a tracking reference signal (TRS), among other examples. The reference signal may be associated with a communication resource (e.g., transmitted via one or more resource elements (REs), RBs, or channel(s), among other examples).

[0174] The wireless device 415 may generate the first position information via the Al-based positioning procedure based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource. For instance, the wireless device 415 may utilize an Al model to infer or predict the first position information based on the reference signal (e.g., reference signal sample(s), measurement(s), characteristic(s) such as time of arrival or signal strength, or information such as a cell ID carried by the reference signal) communicated via the resource.

[0175] Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device 415 may generate the second position information via the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource. For instance, the wireless device 415 may perform one or more calculations (e.g., execute a non- Al model) to determine the second position information based on the reference signal (e.g., reference signal measurement s), characteristic(s) such as time of arrival or signal strength, or information such as a cell ID carried by the reference signal) communicated via the resource. For instance, a CFR may be determined by applying channel estimation in the frequency domain based on a reference signal (e.g., PRS) sequence mapped to one or more OFDM signals. In some aspects, the wireless device 415 may determine a CIR based on the CFR. For instance, the wireless device 415 may apply an inverse FourierAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO55 transform to the CFR (e.g., CIR = ifft(CFR), where ifft() denotes an inverse fast Fourier transform). The CIR may correspond to time, power, or phase information that may be derived from the output of the inverse Fourier transform (e.g., ifft(CFR)). A PDP may be the absolute value of the CIR (e.g., abs(CIR)) or may correspond to time or power information that are derived from the CIR. In some examples, a DP may correspond to timing information of the CIR or PDP measurements.

[0176] In some examples, the capability information 440 of the wireless device 415 may be indicated as one of multiple capability reporting options. For instance, the capability reporting options may include a first capability of the wireless device 415 to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure (e.g., joint non-AI / ML and AI / ML), and a second capability of the wireless device 415 to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure only (e.g., AI / ML only), the non-AI-based positioning procedure only (e.g., non-AI / ML only), or the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure (e.g., one of non-AI / ML or AI / ML). In some approaches, the capability information 440 may be utilized to indicate support for joint Al-based and non-AI-based positioning procedures to generate one or more locations or measurements, where the capability information 440 may indicate support for non-AI-based positioning only, AL based positioning only, one of non-AI-based or Al-based positioning, or joint Al-based and non-AI-based positioning.

[0177] An example of capability information 440 (e.g., enhanced LPP capability signaling) is provided in Listing (1). In Listing (1), the NR-DL-TDOA- MeasurementCapability-rl6 may include one or more variables (e.g., supportOfDL- PRS-RSTD-MeasFRl-rl6, supportOfDL-PRS-RSTD-MeasFR2-rl6, supportOfDL- PRS-RSRP-MeasFRl-rl6, or supportOfDL-PRS-RSRP-MeasFR2-rl6) that may indicate whether the wireless device 415 is capable of participating in the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.NR-DL-TDOA-MeasurementCapability-rl6 ::= SEQUENCE { dl-RSTD-MeasurementPerPairOfTRP-FRl-rl6 INTEGER (1..4), dl-RSTD-MeasurementPerPairOfTRP-FR2-rl6 INTEGER (1..4),Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO56 supportOfDL-PRS-RSTD-MeasFRl -r 16ENUMERATED {non-AI / ML only, AI / ML only, one of non-AI / ML or AI / ML, j oint non-AI / ML and AI / ML} OPTIONAL, supportOfDL-PRS-RSTD-MeasFR2-r 16ENUMERATED {non-AI / ML only, AI / ML only, one of non-AI / ML or AI / ML, j oint non-AI / ML and AI / ML} OPTIONAL, supportOfDL-PRS-RSRP-MeasFRl -r 16ENUMERATED { non-AI / ML only, AI / ML only, one of non-AI / ML or AI / ML, j oint non-AI / ML and AI / ML} OPTIONAL, supportOfDL-PRS-RSRP-MeasFR2-r 16ENUMERATED {non-AI / ML only, AI / ML only, one of non-AI / ML or AI / ML, j oint non-AI / ML and AI / ML} OPTIONAL,[[ nr-UE-TEG-Capability-rl7 NR-UE-TEG-Capability-rl7 OPTIONAL, dl-tdoa-MeasCapabilityBandList-rl7 SEQUENCE (SIZE(L.nrMaxBands-rl6)) OF DL-TDOA-MeasCapabilityPerBand-rl7 OPTIONAL ]]}Listing (1)

[0178] In some aspects, the capability information 440 may be formatted as a code point or integer. For instance, a capability for only a non-ALbased positioning procedure(s) may be formatted as ‘00’ or ‘0;’ a capability for only an Al-based positioning procedure(s) may be formatted as ‘01’ or ‘ 1;’ a capability for one of (e.g., a selection of) a non-ALbased positioning procedure(s) or an Al-based positioning procedure(s) may be formatted as ‘ 10’ or ‘2;’ and a capability for a joint or concurrent Al-based positioning procedure(s) and a non-ALbased positioning procedure(s) may be formatted as ‘ 11’ or ‘3. ’

[0179] In some aspects, the capability information 440 may be formatted as a bitmap (e.g., b2blb0) with a first bit (bO), a second bit (bl), and a third bit (b2). For instance, a capability for only a non-ALbased positioning procedure(s) may be indicatedAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO57 with bO (e.g., ‘001’); a capability for only an Al-based positioning procedure(s) may be indicated with bl (e.g., ‘010’); a capability for one of (e.g., a selection of) a non-AI- based positioning procedure(s) or an Al-based positioning procedure(s) may be indicated with bO and bl (e.g., ‘Oi l’); and a capability for a joint or concurrent AI- based positioning procedure(s) and a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) may be indicated with b2 (e.g., ‘ 100’). In some examples, if the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE or network entity) supports only a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s), the wireless device 415 may transmit only bO; if the wireless device 415 supports only an Al-based positioning procedure(s), the wireless device 415 may transmit only bl; if the wireless device 415 supports one of (e.g., a selection of) a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) or an Al-based positioning procedure(s), the wireless device 415 may transmit bO and bl; or if the wireless device 415 supports a joint or concurrent Al-based positioning procedure(s) and a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s), the wireless device 415 may transmit bO, bl, and b2.

[0180] In some examples, the capability information 440 may indicate that the wireless device 415 has the capability to report the first position information including first location information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second location information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network. For instance, the capability information 440 may indicate that the wireless device 415 is capable of performing Al-based positioning and non-AI-based positioning to determine (e.g., estimate) the location of the object (e.g., the wireless device 415 or a UE) based on one or more downlink signals (e.g., capability of determining a UE-based location via a positioning procedure, such as DL- TDOA or DL-AoD, among other examples). In some examples, the capability information 440 may indicate a capability of the wireless device to generate or report one or more Al-based and non-AI-based downlink positioning measurements, such as a downlink PRS LOS (DL-PRS-LOS) indicator, downlink RSTD (DL-RSTD), downlink PRS RSRP (DL-PRS-RSRP), downlink PRS RSRPP (DL-PRS-RSRPP), Rx-Tx time difference, downlink RSCP (DL-RSCP), or downlink RSCPD (DL-RSCPD), among other examples. In some examples, a measurement may be data or an indicator that indicates one or more of the aforementioned values. One or more of the measurementsAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO58 may be determined while the wireless device 415 (e.g., a UE) is in an RRC CONNECTED state, an RRC INACTIVE state, or an RRC IDLE state.

[0181] Examples of measurements are given as follows in the context of a UE, where the examples may be similarly applicable to the wireless device 415 or a network entity (in addition to, or alternatively from, a UE). In some aspects, an Rx-Tx time difference may be expressed or determined as TUE-RX - TUE-TX. TUE-RX may be a UE- received timing of a downlink subframe i from a device (e.g., from the network node 405, a network entity, a transmission point (TP), or a TRP, among other examples) associated with a first detected path in time. TUE-TX may be a UE transmit timing of uplink subframe j that is closest in time to the subframe i received from the device. In some approaches, multiple downlink PRSs or CSI-RSs for tracking resources, as instructed by one or more higher layers (e.g., layer(s) higher than a physical layer), may be utilized to determine the start of one subframe of the first arrival path of the device. Examples of reference points for the Rx-Tx time difference for one or more frequency ranges (e.g., frequency range 1 (FR1) or frequency range 2 (FR2), among other examples) may include an Rx antenna or Rx antenna connector of the UE for TUE-RX measurement, or may include a Tx antenna or Tx antenna connector of the UE for TUE-TX measurement.

[0182] In some aspects, a DL RSTD may be expressed or determined as a downlink relative timing difference between a device j (e.g., a network node, a network entity, a TP, or a TRP, among other examples) and a reference device z, (e.g., the network node 405, a reference network entity, a reference TP, or a reference TRP, among other examples): TsubframeRxj - TsubframeRxi. TsubframeRxj may be a time when a UE receives the start of one subframe from device j. TsubframeRxi may be the time when the UE receives the corresponding start of one subframe from device z that is closest in time to the subframe received from device j. In some examples, multiple downlink PRS resources may be utilized to determine the start of one subframe from a device. Examples of reference points for the DL-RSTD for one or more frequency ranges (e.g., FR1 or FR2, among other examples) may include an antenna or antenna connector of the UE.

[0183] In some aspects, DL PRS-RSRP may be expressed or determined as a linear average over power contributions (in Watts, for instance) of resource elements that carry downlink PRS reference signals configured for RSRP measurements within aAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO59 measurement frequency bandwidth. An example of a reference point for the DL PRS- RSRP for one or more frequency ranges (e.g., FR1, among other examples) may include an antenna connector of the UE. In some approaches (e.g., for FR2), the DL PRS-RSRP may be measured based on a combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a receiver branch. For FR1 and 2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE, for example, a reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than a corresponding DL PRS-RSRP of any individual receiver branch.

[0184] In some aspects, DL PRS-RSRPP may be expressed or determined as a power of a linear average of a channel response at an i-th path delay of resource elements that carry a downlink PRS signal configured for the measurement, where DL PRS-RSRPP for the first path delay may be the power contribution corresponding to a first detected path in time. An example of a reference point for the DL PRS-RSRPP for one or more frequency ranges (e.g., FR1, among other examples) may include an antenna connector of the UE. In some approaches (e.g., for FR2), the DL PRS-RSRPP may be measured based on a combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a receiver branch. For FR1 and 2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE for DL PRS- RSRPP measurements, for example, a reported DL PRS-RSRPP value included in a higher layer parameter NR-DL-AoD-MeasElement for the first and additional measurements may be provided for the same receiver branch(es) as applied for DL PRS-RSRP measurements.

[0185] In some aspects, DL-RSCP may be expressed or determined as a phase of the channel response at a first path delay derived from resource elements carrying a DL PRS configured for the measurement. DL RSCP may be associated with a center frequency of a downlink positioning frequency layer (PFL) configured for the measurement (for an RRC CONNECTED, RRC INACTIVE, or RRC IDLE mode(s), for instance). Examples of reference points for the DL RSCP for one or more frequency ranges (e.g., FR1 or FR2, among other examples) may include an antenna or antenna connector of the UE for the DL RSCP measurement.

[0186] In some aspects, DL-RSCPD may be expressed or determined as a difference of DL RSCPs measured from a downlink PRS transmitted in a downlink PFL from a device j (e.g., a network node, a network entity, a TP, or a TRP, among other examples) and a reference device i (e.g., the network node 405, a reference network entity, aAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO60 reference TP, or a reference TRP, among other examples). If a UE reports RSCPD measurements together with RSTD measurements in a measurement report element, the reference device for RSCPD may be the same as the reference device reported for RSTD. Examples of reference points for the DL-RSCPD for one or more frequency ranges (e.g., FR1 or FR2, among other examples) may include an antenna or antenna connector of the UE for the DL RSCPD measurement.

[0187] The wireless device 415, in some examples, may have a capability to perform one or more positioning procedures per frequency band (e.g., for one or more PFLs). The wireless device 415 may indicate the capability per frequency band via the capability information 440. For instance, the capability information 440 may indicate that the wireless device 415 has the capability to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first signaling via one or more first frequency bands, and the second position information generated with the non- Al-based positioning procedure based on second signaling via one or more second frequency bands.

[0188] In some examples, the capability information 440 may include an indication of a time period to transmit the first position information or the second position information after a reference signal resource used by the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure. For instance, the time period to transmit the position information 445 after receiving a reference signal may be referred to as a processing gap. To facilitate generating joint Al-based position information and non-AI-based position information (e.g., estimates of downlink positioning measurements or location information), the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE) may indicate a time period (e.g., minimum processing gap(s)) to generate the Al-based position information and the non-AI-based position information. In some aspects, the time period (e.g., processing gap) may be expressed as a timing indication (e.g., duration in milliseconds, quantity of frames, quantity of subframes, or quantity of slots, among other examples).

[0189] The capability information 440 may include, in some examples, an indication of one or more supported periodicities in which the wireless device 415 is capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI- based positioning procedure. For example, the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE) mayAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO61 indicate one or more supported periodicities (e.g., resources or measurements) supported for a joint Al-based positioning procedure and non-AI-based positioning procedure. In some aspects, the one or more supported periodicities may be associated with the time period (e.g., processing gap). For instance, the one or more supported periodicities may be provided to accommodate the processing gap.

[0190] In some approaches, the capability information 440 may include an indication of a capability to report the first position information or the second position information for one or more measurement types. For example, the capability information 440 may include an indication of a capability to report the first position information that is based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information that is based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more measurement types of measurements for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure. The indication may refer to one or more conditions on the type of measurement(s) that the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE) is capable of providing for an Al-based positioning procedure(s) or a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s). For instance, if a joint Al-based positioning procedure and non-AI-based positioning procedure is utilized (e.g., requested) for a DL-RSTD measurement, the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE) may indicate a capability to support one of the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure for the DL-RSTD measurement.

[0191] In some approaches, the capability information 440 may include an indication of a quantity of measurements that the wireless device 415 is capable of measuring for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure. For instance, the capability information 440 may include an indication of quantity of measurements that the wireless device 415 is capable of measuring for the first position information or the second position information.

[0192] In some examples, the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE) may indicate a quantity (e.g., maximum quantity) of reference signal resources (e.g., PRS resources or SRS resources) or a quantity of TRPs supported for a joint Al-based positioning procedure and non-AI-based positioning procedure. For instance, the capability information 440 may include an indication of a first quantity of reference signal resources that the wireless device 415 is capable of using to generate measurements for the Al-basedAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO62 positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure, or a second quantity of TRPs from which the wireless device 415 is capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0193] In some examples, the network node 405 may output (e.g., transmit), or the wireless device 415 may obtain (e.g., receive), a request (not shown in FIG. 4) indicating that the wireless device 415 is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information. In some aspects, the request may be RRC signaling, medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, configuration signaling, or other signaling indicating a request or instruction. For instance, the network node 405 may transmit a request (e.g., configuration information, a message, or other signaling, among other examples) to the wireless device 415 that indicates whether the wireless device 415 is to perform one of the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure to report the first position information or the second position information, or is to perform the Al-based positioning procedure jointly with the non-AI-based positioning procedure to report the first position information and the second position information. In some examples, the request may be communicated (e.g., transmitted or received) as LPP signaling of a location request sent from the network node 405 (e.g., LMF) to the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE). Additionally, or alternatively, the request may be signaled from the network node 405 (e.g., LMF) to the wireless device (e.g., network entity) via NRPPa. The request may indicate (e.g., specify) one or more types of measurements for the wireless device 415 to report for a positioning measurement or location.

[0194] In some aspects, the request may indicate one of multiple position reporting options. For instance, the position reporting options may include a first option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure only, the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure only, or the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure. In some approaches, the request may be a requestAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO63 for non-AI-based positioning only, Al-based positioning only, one of non-AI-based or Al-based positioning, or joint Al-based and non-AI-based positioning.

[0195] In some aspects, the request may be formatted as a code point or integer. For instance, a request for only a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) may be formatted as ‘00’ or ‘0;’ a request for only an Al-based positioning procedure(s) may be formatted as ‘01’ or ‘ 1;’ a request for one of (e.g., a selection of) a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) or an Al-based positioning procedure(s) may be formatted as ‘ 10’ or ‘2;’ and a request for a joint or concurrent Al-based positioning procedure(s) and a non-AI- based positioning procedure(s) may be formatted as ‘ 11’ or ‘3.’

[0196] In some aspects, the request may be formatted as a bitmap (e.g., b2blb0) with a first bit (bO), a second bit (bl), and a third bit (b2). For instance, a request for only a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) may be indicated with bO (e.g., ‘001’); a request for only an Al-based positioning procedure(s) may be indicated with bl (e.g., ‘010’); a request for one of (e.g., a selection of) a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) or an Al-based positioning procedure(s) may be indicated with bO and bl (e.g., ‘011’); and a request for a joint or concurrent Al-based positioning procedure(s) and a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) may be indicated with b2 (e.g., ‘ 100’). In some examples, if the network node 405 (e.g., LMF or network entity) is requesting only a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s), the network node 405 may transmit only bO; if the network node 405 is requesting only an Al-based positioning procedure(s), the network node 405 may transmit only bl; if the network node 405 is requesting one of (e.g., a selection of) a non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) or an Al-based positioning procedure(s), the network node 405 may transmit bO and bl; or if the network node 405 is requesting a joint or concurrent Al-based positioning procedure(s) and a non-AI- based positioning procedure(s), the network node 405 may transmit bO, bl, and b2.

[0197] The capability information 440 of the wireless device 415 may indicate, for example, that the wireless device 415 has the capability to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and the request may indicate that the wireless device 415 is to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure. For instance, the network node 405Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO64 may output (e.g., transmit) the request based on (e.g., in accordance with) the capability information 440.

[0198] In some approaches, the request may indicate that the wireless device 415 is to report the first position information including first measurement information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from the network, concurrently with the second position information including second measurement information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network (e.g., from the network node 405 or a network entity, among other examples). For instance, the request may indicate a request for one or more AI- based and non-AI-based downlink positioning measurements, such as a DL-PRS-LOS indicator, DL-RSTD data, DL-PRS-RSRP data, DL-PRS-RSRPP data, Rx-Tx time difference data, DL-RSCP data, or DL-RSCPD data, among other examples. In some aspects, the request may indicate that the wireless device 415 is to perform Al-based positioning and non-AI-based positioning to report the location of the object (e.g., the wireless device 415 or a UE) based on one or more downlink signals (e.g., to report UE- based location, such as DL-TDOA or DL-AoD, among other examples).

[0199] The wireless device 415 (e.g., a UE or a network entity) may be requested to perform an Al-based positioning procedure or a non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more frequency bands (e.g., for one or more PFLs or per PFL). For instance, different requests may be communicated for two or more PFLs (e.g., for a given PFL, a different PFL, or set of PFLs). Requests for two or more PFLs may be communicated on a same frequency band or on different frequency bands. In some aspects, the request may include a first request that the wireless device 415 is to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first signaling communicated (e.g., transmitted or received) via a first frequency band, and a second request that the wireless device 415 is to report the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling communicated via a second frequency band.

[0200] The wireless device 415 (e.g., a UE or a network entity) may be requested to perform an Al-based positioning procedure or a non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more measurement time periods (e.g., for one or more measurement windows). In some aspects, the request may indicate that the wireless device 415 is to report theAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO65 first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first reference signaling communicated within a first measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within a second measurement time period. The first measurement time period and the second measurement time period may overlap in time or may be separate in time. For instance, the wireless device 415 may perform an Al-based positioning procedure for PRS resources in a first measurement window, and may perform a non-AI-based positioning procedure for PRS resources in a second measurement window. In some aspects, one or more measurement windows may be indicated in a request or configuration signaling (e.g., an NR-DL-PRS-MeasurementTimeWindowsConfig message) with information indicating a start(s) of a measurement window(s), periodicity information, slot offset information, symbol offset information, duration information, frequency layer information (e.g., an index) for a corresponding reference signal (e.g., PRS), or device information (e.g., an index corresponding to one or more TRPs), among other examples.

[0201] In some examples, the request may indicate that the wireless device 415 is to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on reference signaling communicated (e.g., transmitted or received) within a measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within the measurement time period. For instance, the wireless device 415 may perform both an Al-based positioning procedure and a non-AI-based positioning procedure for PRS resources in a third measurement window.

[0202] In some examples, the Al-based positioning procedure may be processed concurrently with, or in a sequence with, the non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more received reference signals (e.g., per frequency band or on one or more frequency bands). For each frequency band (e.g., PFL), for instance, a measurement time period (e.g., measurement window) may be determined based on a processing time for one or more Al-based positioning procedures (T AI / ML) or a processing time for one or more non-AI-based positioning procedures (T_non-AI / ML). In an example with concurrent (e.g., simultaneous or parallel) processing for a same reference signal (e.g., PRS or SRS) instance(s), the measurement time period may be determined as aAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO66 maximum of the processing time for the Al-based positioning procedure(s) or the processing time for the non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) (e.g., max(T_AI / ML, T_non-AI / ML)). In an example with sequential (e.g., serial) processing for one or more different reference signal (e.g., PRS or SRS) instances, the measurement time period may be determined as a sum of the processing time for the Al-based positioning procedure(s) or the processing time for the non-AI-based positioning procedure(s) (e.g., sum(T_AI / ML, T_non-AI / ML)). In some examples, a same PRS instance (e.g., the exact PRS instance) may be used for the Al-based positioning procedure and for the non-AI-based positioning procedure and sequential processing may be performed. In some examples, separate wireless device (e.g., UE) processing capabilities may be indicated and the wireless may perform (e.g., may be configured to perform) the AI- based positioning procedure and the non-AI-based positioning procedure (e.g., both measurement types) on the same PRS instance. Examples of measurement time periods for sequential and concurrent processing are provided with reference to FIG. 5.

[0203] In some cases, the wireless device 415 may respond completely to the request. For example, the network node 405 may transmit a request that the wireless device 415 is to perform a joint Al-based positioning procedure and a non-AI-based positioning procedure or is to provide locations or measurements for the Al-based positioning procedure and the non-AI-based positioning procedure. When responding completely, the wireless device 415 may perform the joint Al-based positioning procedure and a non-AI-based positioning procedure, and may transmit the complete first position information and second position information to the network node 405 in accordance with the request.

[0204] In some cases, the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE or network entity) may partially respond to the request. For example, the wireless device 415 may be resource constrained (e.g., may temporarily lack processing, memory, or available bandwidth), or may lack a capability to perform a joint Al-based positioning procedure and a non-AI- based positioning procedure. In an example, the request may indicate that the wireless device 415 is to report the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and the second position information associated with the non-AI- based positioning procedure. The wireless device 415 may transmit a subset of the first position information or the second position information. For instance, the wirelessAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO67 device 415 (e.g., a UE) may satisfy a subset of what the network node 405 (e.g., LMF) requested for the joint Al-based and non-AI-based reporting. The communication may include a portion of the first position information, a portion of the second position information, or portions of the first position information and the second position information.

[0205] In another example, the wireless device 415 may be requested to report both the first position information from an Al-based positioning procedure and the second position information from the non-AI-based positioning procedure. However, the wireless device 415 may report (e.g., may only report) one of the first position information from the Al-based positioning procedure or the second position information from the non-AI-based positioning procedure (e.g., the wireless device 415 may not report joint Al-based positioning measurement s) or location(s) in some cases).

[0206] In another example, the wireless device 415 may output (e.g., transmit), or the network node 405 may obtain (e.g., receive) an error message indicating that a subset (or none) of the first position information or the second position information is transmitted. For instance, the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE) may send an error message to the network node 405 (e.g., LMF) indicating that the wireless device 415 is not satisfying (e.g., cannot satisfy) the request.

[0207] In some approaches, the wireless device 415 may provide an indication of whether the position information 445 is associated with an Al-based positioning procedure, a non-AI-based positioning procedure, or both. For example, the wireless device 415 may output (e.g., transmit), or the network node 405 may obtain (e.g., receive), a first indication that the first position information is associated with the AI- based positioning procedure, or a second indication that the second position information is associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure. In some aspects, the indication may be included in LPP signaling or NRPPa signaling to provide a location(s) or a measurement s) from the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE or network entity) to the network node 405 (e.g., network entity or LMF), where the wireless device 415 indicates the type of location(s) or measurement s) provided.

[0208] In some examples, the indication may be provided as one of multiple options. For instance, the options may include a first indication that the positionAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO68 information 445 (e.g., location(s) or measurement s)) is associated with an Al-based positioning procedure or a second indication that the position information 445 is associated with a non-AI-based positioning procedure, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the indication may be formatted as a code point or integer. For instance, an indication for non-AI-based position information (e.g., second position information) may be formatted as ‘0;’ or an indication for an Al-based position information (e.g., first position information) may be formatted as ‘ 1.’

[0209] In some aspects, the indication may be formatted as a bitmap (e.g., blbO) with a first bit (bO) and a second bit (bl). For instance, non-AI-based position information (e.g., second position information) may be indicated with bO (e.g., ‘01’); or Al-based position information (e.g., first position information) may be indicated with bl (e.g., ‘ 10’). In some examples, a combination of non-AI-based position information and Al-based position information may be indicated with bO and bl (e.g., ‘ 11’).

[0210] In some examples, an indication may be provided for each location or measurement. For instance, an indication may be provided for one or more downlink positioning measurements, such as for DL-RSTD data, DL-PRS-RSRP data, DL-PRS- RSRPP data, Rx-Tx time difference data, DL-RSCP data, or DL-RSCPD data, among other examples. In some aspects, an indication may be provided for one or more locations of the object (e.g., for UE-based location, such as for DL-TDOA or DL-AoD, among other examples).

[0211] The network node 405 may output (e.g., transmit), or the wireless device 415 may obtain (e.g., receive) configuration information regarding one or more conditions or prioritizations for reporting the first information or the second information. For instance, when the wireless device 415 is configured to report Al-based position information or non-AI-based position information (e.g., one or more measurements or locations), the network node 405 (e.g., LMF) may provide one or conditions or prioritizations to the wireless device 415 to assist the wireless device 415 in a determination of whether to send the Al-based position information or the non-AI-based position information. In some approaches, the wireless device 415 may receiving configuration information from the network node 405.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO69

[0212] The configuration information may indicate one or more prioritizations for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure. In some examples, the one or more prioritizations may be conveyed as the first information (e.g., Al-based position information) being measured or reported to an extent possible by the wireless device 415 (e.g., to an extend allowed by available resources or “best effort”), or the second information (e.g., non- AI-based position information) being measured or reported to an extent possible by the wireless device 415 (e.g., to an extend allowed by available resources or “best effort”).

[0213] In some examples, the one or more prioritizations may be conveyed as the first information (e.g., Al-based position information) having a higher priority than the second information (e.g., non-AI-based position information), or the second information (e.g., non-AI-based position information) having a higher priority than the first information (e.g., Al-based position information).

[0214] Another example of a prioritization (e.g., a prioritization that may be configured via configuration information from the network node 405 or may be a default prioritization) of the wireless device 415 may relate to different priorities between Al-based positioning procedures (e.g., Al models) or between one or more AI- based positioning procedures (e.g., Al models) and one or more non-AI based positioning procedures. For instance, the wireless device 415 (e.g., UE or network entity) may be requested by the network node 405 (e.g., network entity or LMF) to report Al-based position information (e.g., location(s) or measurement s)) based on multiple Al models. In some examples, non-AI-based position information (e.g., location(s) or measurements)) generation or reporting may have a higher priority than one or more first Al-based positioning procedures for position generation or reporting (e.g., a higher priority than one or more first Al models) and may have a lower priority than one or more second Al-based positioning procedures for information generation or reporting (e.g., a lower priority than one or more second Al models). For instance, AI- based DL-TDOA may have a higher priority than non-AI-based DL-TDOA, which may have a higher priority than Al-based DL-AoD.

[0215] The network node 405 may output (e.g., transmit), or the wireless device 415 may obtain (e.g., receive) configuration information regarding one or more conditionsAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO70 for measuring or reporting the first information or the second information. In some aspects, the configuration information may be (or may be included in) the request indicating that the wireless device 415 is to report the first position information or the second position information. For example, the configuration information may indicate one or more conditions for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0216] The one or more conditions may be based on one or more characteristics of a reference signal received by the wireless device 415 or based on an availability of a processing resource, a memory resource, or a power resource. In some aspects, one or more conditions may be conveyed as instructing the wireless device 415 to report the first information (e.g., Al-based position information) with the second information (e.g., non-AI-based position information) if an SINR or SNR of a reference signal (e.g., PRS, SSB, or CSI-RS) satisfies a threshold, if a delay spread of a reference signal (e.g., PRS, SSB, or CSI-RS) satisfies a threshold, or if a Doppler spread of a reference signal (e.g., PRS, SSB, or CSI-RS) satisfies a threshold.

[0217] In an example of a behavior (e.g., a behavior that may be configured via configuration information from the network node 405 or may be a default behavior) of the wireless device, if the wireless device 415 is requested to report the first information (e.g., Al-based position information, such as a location or measurement), but the wireless device 415 is not reporting the first information, then the UE may report the second information (e.g., non-AI-based position information).

[0218] Another example of a behavior (e.g., a behavior that may be configured via configuration information from the network node 405 or may be a default behavior) of the wireless device may relate to multiple frequency bands (e.g., PFLs in AD). Based on wireless device 415 (e.g., UE) processing capabilities or one or more available resources (e.g., processing resources, memory resources, or bandwidth, among other examples), the wireless device 415 may perform an Al-based positioning procedure (e.g., AI / ML inference) and report position information (e.g., first information) for one or more frequency bands (e.g., a subset of frequency bands or PFLs), and the wireless device 415 may report non-AI-based position information the one or more remaining frequency bands (e.g., PFLs). For instance, a first subset of frequency bands may beAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO71 selected for Al-based position information reporting and a second subset of frequency bands may be selected for non-AI-based position information reporting based on a capability or available resources (e.g., constrained resources).

[0219] In some examples, the wireless device 415 may be a UE and the network node 405 may be a network entity (e.g., base station, gNB) or an LMF (e.g., an LMF device, a server, an LMF hosted on an RU, DU, CU, base station, gNB, or other device). For instance, the wireless device 415 and the network node 405 may communicate via LPP. In some examples, the wireless device 415 may be a network entity (e.g., an RU, DU, CU, base station, gNB, or other device) and the network node 405 may be an LMF (e.g., an LMF device, a server, an LMF hosted on an RU, DU, CU, base station, gNB, or other device). For instance, the wireless device 415 may and the network node 405 may communicate via NRPPa. In some aspects, a TRP or gNB may report (e.g., via NRPPa signaling) whether a measurement is based on AI / ML or non-AI / ML measurement. For example, one or more of the messages, signals, information, or indicators described herein may be communicated via a positioning interface between a gNB or TRPs and an LMF (e.g., via NRPPa).

[0220] FIG. 5 shows examples of timing diagrams 500 that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The timing diagrams 500 of FIG. 5 illustrate examples of reference signaling (e.g., PRSs) and processing for a joint Al-based positioning procedure and non-AI-based positioning procedure in accordance with one or more of the techniques described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0221] A first timing diagram 505-a illustrates an example of a PRS 515-a, AI / ML processing 520-a, and non-AI / ML processing 525-a. The first timing diagram 505-a illustrates an example of sequential processing. The AI / ML processing 520-a may be utilized to generate a location or measurement using AI / ML based on the PRS 515-a for an Al-based positioning procedure. The non-AI / ML processing 525-a may be utilized to generate a location or measurement without using AI / ML based on the PRS 515-a for a non-AI-based positioning procedure. As illustrated in the first timing diagram 505-a, the measurement time period 510-a may include a sum of times for the AI / ML processing 520-a and the non-AI / ML processing 525-a. One or more subsequent reference signalsAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO72 and processing (e.g., PRS 515-b, AI / ML processing 520-b, and non-AI / ML processing 525-b) may be performed.

[0222] A second timing diagram 505-b illustrates an example of a PRS 515-c and joint AI / ML processing and non-AI / ML processing 530-a. The second timing diagram 505-b illustrates an example of parallel, concurrent, or simultaneous processing. The joint AI / ML processing and non-AI / ML processing 530-a may be utilized to generate a location or measurement using AI / ML based on the PRS 515-c and a measurement without using AI / ML based on the PRS 515-c for a joint Al-based positioning procedure and non-ALbased positioning procedure. As illustrated in the second timing diagram 505-b, the measurement time period 510-b may include a maximum of times for AI / ML processing and non-AI / ML processing. One or more subsequent reference signals and processing (e.g., PRS 515-d and joint AI / ML processing and non-AI / ML processing 530-b) may be performed.

[0223] FIG. 6 shows an example of a process flow 600 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may include a UE 115-c, which may be an example of a UE 115, UE 115-a, UE 115-b, or wireless device 415, as described herein. The process flow 600 may also include a network entity 105-a, which may be an example of a network entity 105, gNB 255, ng-eNB 260, CU 160, CU 160-a, CU 160-b, DU 165, DU 165-a, DU 165-b, RU 170, RU 170-a, RU 170-b, or network node 405, as described herein. The process flow 600 may also include an LMF 185-b, which may be an example of the LMF 185, LMF 185-a, external device 230, or SLP 235, as described herein.

[0224] In the following description of the process flow 600, the communications between the UE 115-c, the network entity 105-a, or the LMF 185-b may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the UE 115-c, the network entity 105-a, or the LMF 185-b may be performed in different orders or at different times. One or more operations may be omitted from the process flow 600, or one or more other operations may be added to the process flow 600. Although some operations or signaling may be shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur at the same time or in overlapping time periods in some examples.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO73

[0225] At 605, the UE 115-c may transmit capability information to the network entity 105-a. For instance, the capability information may be transmitted to the network entity 105-a as described with reference to FIG. 4. The capability information may indicate a capability of the UE 115-c to report first position information based on an AI- based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0226] At 610, the network entity 105-a may transmit, to the UE 115-c, a request for the UE 115-c to report one or more measurements or location information. For instance, the network entity 105-a may transmit a request to the UE 115-c as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0227] At 615, the network entity 105-a may transmit a reference signal to the UE 115-c. For instance, the network entity 105-a may transmit a reference signal (e.g., PRS) to the UE 115-c as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0228] At 620, the UE 115-c may perform AI / ML processing to determine first position information based on the reference signal. For instance, the UE 115-c may utilize an AI / ML model to infer or predict a location of the UE 115-c or measurement s) based on the reference signal as described with reference to FIG. 4 or FIG. 5.

[0229] At 625, the UE 115-c may perform non- AI / ML processing to determine second position information based on the reference signal. For instance, the UE 115-c may perform one or more operations (e.g., calculations) without an AI / ML model to determine a location of the UE 115-c or measurement(s) based on the reference signal as described with reference to FIG. 4 or FIG. 5.

[0230] At 630, the UE 115-c may transmit a first indication and first information to the LMF 185-b. For instance, the UE 115-c may transmit the first information and a first indication that the first information is associated with an Al-based positioning procedure as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0231] At 635, the UE 115-c may transmit a second indication and second information to the LMF 185-b. For instance, the UE 115-c may transmit the second information and a second indication that the second information is associated with an Al-based positioning procedure as described with reference to FIG. 4.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO74

[0232] FIG. 7 shows an example of a process flow 700 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 700 may include a UE 115-d, which may be an example of a UE 115, UE 115-a, or UE 115-b, as described herein. The process flow 700 may also include a network entity 105-b, which may be an example of a network entity 105, gNB 255, ng-eNB 260, CU 160, CU 160-a, CU 160-b, DU 165, DU 165-a, DU 165-b, RU 170, RU 170-a, RU 170-b, or wireless device 415, as described herein. The process flow 700 may also include an LMF 185-c, which may be an example of the LMF 185, LMF 185-a, external device 230, SLP 235, or network node 405, as described herein.

[0233] In the following description of the process flow 700, the communications between the UE 115-d, the network entity 105-b, or the LMF 185-c may be transmitted in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the UE 115-d, the network entity 105-b, or the LMF 185-c may be performed in different orders or at different times. One or more operations may be omitted from the process flow 700, or one or more other operations may be added to the process flow 700. Although some operations or signaling may be shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur at the same time or in overlapping time periods in some examples.

[0234] At 705, the network entity 105-b may transmit capability information to the LMF 185-c. For instance, the capability information may be transmitted to the LMF 185-c as described with reference to FIG. 4. The capability information may indicate a capability of the network entity 105-b to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0235] At 710, the LMF 185-c may transmit, to the network entity 105-b, a request for the network entity 105-b to report one or more measurements or location information. For instance, the LMF 185-c may transmit a request to the network entity 105-b as described with reference to FIG. 4.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO75

[0236] At 715, the UE 115-d may transmit a reference signal to the network entity 105-b. For instance, the UE 115-d may transmit a reference signal (e.g., SRS) to the network entity 105-b as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0237] At 720, the network entity 105-b may perform AI / ML processing to determine first position information based on the reference signal. For instance, the network entity 105-b may utilize an AI / ML model to infer or predict a location of the UE 115-d or measurement s) based on the reference signal as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0238] At 725, the network entity 105-b may perform non- AI / ML processing to determine second position information based on the reference signal. For instance, the network entity 105-b may perform one or more operations (e.g., calculations) without an AI / ML model to determine a location of the UE 115-d or measurement s) based on the reference signal as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0239] At 730, the network entity 105-b may transmit a first indication and first information to the LMF 185-c. For instance, the network entity 105-b may transmit the first information and a first indication that the first information is associated with an AL based positioning procedure as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0240] At 735, the network entity 105-b may transmit a second indication and second information to the LMF 185-c. For instance, the network entity 105-b may transmit the second information and a second indication that the second information is associated with an Al-based positioning procedure as described with reference to FIG. 4.

[0241] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-ALbased position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one or more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable theAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO76 described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0242] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0243] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information). In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0244] The communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0245] In some examples, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of theAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO77 functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory).

[0246] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).

[0247] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0248] For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO78

[0249] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, or more efficient utilization of communication resources.

[0250] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a device 805 or a wireless device 415 as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communications manager 920. The device 905, or one or more components of the device 905 (e.g., the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communications manager 920), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0251] The receiver 910 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0252] The transmitter 915 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information). In some examples, the transmitter 915 may be co-located with a receiver 910 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO79

[0253] The device 905, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI- based position information as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include a capability component 925 an information component 930, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 820 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communications manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, send information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0254] The capability component 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI- based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The information component 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0255] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a communications manager 1020 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 820, a communications manager 920, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1020, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-basedAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO80 position information as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may include a capability component 1025, an information component 1030, a reference signal component 1035, a position information generation component 1040, a request component 1045, an indication component 1050, an error component 1055, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0256] The capability component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI- based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The information component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0257] In some examples, the reference signal component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a reference signal associated with a communication resource. In some examples, the position information generation component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating the first position information via the Al-based positioning procedure based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource. In some examples, the position information generation component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating the second position information via the non- AI-based positioning procedure based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource.

[0258] In some examples, the capability information of the wireless device is indicated as one of a set of multiple capability reporting options. In some examples, the set of multiple capability reporting options includes a first capability of the wirelessAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO81 device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the non-AI- based positioning procedure, and a second capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure only, the non-AI-based positioning procedure only, or the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the non-AI- based positioning procedure.

[0259] In some examples, the capability information indicates that the wireless device has the capability to report the first position information including first location information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second location information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network.

[0260] In some examples, the capability information indicates that the wireless device has the capability to report the first position information generated with the AI- based positioning procedure based on first signaling via one or more first frequency bands, and the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling via one or more second frequency bands.

[0261] In some examples, the request component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a request indicating that the wireless device is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information.

[0262] In some examples, the request indicates one of a set of multiple position reporting options. In some examples, the set of multiple position reporting options includes a first option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure only, the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure only, or the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0263] In some examples, the capability information of the wireless device indicates that the wireless device has the capability to report the first position information basedAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO82 on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0264] In some examples, the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information including first measurement information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second measurement information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network.

[0265] In some examples, the request includes a first request that the wireless device is to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first signaling communicated via a first frequency band, and a second request that the wireless device is to report the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling communicated via a second frequency band.

[0266] In some examples, the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first reference signaling communicated within a first measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within a second measurement time period. In some examples, the first measurement time period and the second measurement time period overlap in time or are separate in time.

[0267] In some examples, the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on reference signaling communicated within a measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within the measurement time period.Attorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO83

[0268] In some examples, the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure. In some examples, a subset of the first position information or the second position information is transmitted.

[0269] In some examples, the error component 1055 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting an error message indicating that the subset of the first position information or the second position information is transmitted.

[0270] In some examples, the indication component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a first indication that the first position information is associated with the Al-based positioning procedure. In some examples, the indication component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a second indication that the second position information is associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0271] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of a time period to transmit the first position information and the second position information after a reference signal resource used by the Al-based positioning procedure or the non- AI-based positioning procedure.

[0272] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of a capability to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more measurement types of measurements for the AI- based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0273] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of a quantity of measurements that the wireless device is capable of measuring for the AI- based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0274] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of a first quantity of reference signal resources that the wireless device is capable of using to generate measurements for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure, or a second quantity of TRPs from which the wireless device isAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO84 capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI- based positioning procedure.

[0275] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of one or more supported periodicities in which the wireless device is capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0276] In some examples, the request component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving configuration information from a network node, where the configuration information indicates one or more prioritizations for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0277] In some examples, the request component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving configuration information from a network node, where the configuration information indicates one or more conditions for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the one or more conditions are based on one or more characteristics of a reference signal received by the wireless device or based on an availability of a processing resource, a memory resource, or a power resource.

[0278] In some examples, the Al-based positioning procedure is processed concurrently with, or in a sequence with, the non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more received reference signals on one or more frequency bands.

[0279] In some examples, the wireless device is a UE or a network entity.

[0280] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of or include components of a device 805, a device 905, or a wireless device 415 as described herein. The device 1105 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receivingAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO85 communications, such as a communications manager 1120, an I / O controller, such as an I / O controller 1110, one or more transceivers 1115, one or more antennas 1125, at least one memory 1130, code 1135, and at least one processor 1140. The device 1205 may include one or more sensors 1150. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1145). The I / O controller 1110 may manage input and output signals for the device 1105. The I / O controller 1110 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1105. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1110 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1140. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1105 via the I / O controller 1110 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1110.

[0281] In some cases, the device 1105 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 1105 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver(s) 1115 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 1125 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1115 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1115 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1125 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1125. The transceiver 1115, or the transceiver 1115 and one or more antennas 1125, may be an example of a transmitter 815, a transmitter 915, a receiver 810, a receiver 910, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.

[0282] The one or more transceivers 1115 may include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers, one or more short-range wireless transceivers, or one or more satellite transceivers. The WWAN transceiver(s) may communicate withAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO86(e.g., transmit one or more signals to, or receive one or more signals from) one or more wireless communication networks, such as an NR network, an LTE network, or a GSM network, among other examples. The WWAN transceiver(s) may be connected to one or more of the antenna(s) 1125 for communicating with other devices, such as one or more UEs 115, network entities 105, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), or another device(s), via at least one RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, or GSM, among other examples) over a wireless communication medium (e.g., time or frequency resources of a frequency spectrum). The WWAN transceiver(s) may be configured for transmitting and encoding signals (e.g., messages, indications, or information, among other examples) or for receiving and decoding signals (e.g., messages, indications, information, or pilots, among other examples), in accordance with the RAT. For instance, the WWAN transceiver s) may include one or more transmitters for transmitting and encoding signals, or one or more receivers for receiving and decoding signals.

[0283] The short-range wireless transceivers may be connected to one or more of the antenna(s) 1125 to communicate with (e.g., transmit one or more signals to, or receive one or more signals from) one or more network nodes, such as one or more UEs 115, network entities 105, access points, base stations, or another device(s), via at least one RAT (e g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE®, Z-WAVE®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), or ultra-wideband (UWB), among other examples) over a wireless communication medium. The short-range wireless transceiver(s) may be configured for transmitting and encoding signals (e.g., messages, indications, or information, among other examples), or for receiving and decoding signals (e.g., messages, indications, information, or pilots, among other examples), in accordance with the RAT. For instance, the short-range wireless transceiver s) may include one or more transmitters for transmitting and encoding signals, or one or more receivers for receiving and decoding signals. In some examples, the short-range wireless transceiver(s) may be one or more Wi-Fi transceivers, BLUETOOTH® transceivers, ZIGBEE® transceivers, Z-WAVE® transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, vehi cl e-to- vehicle (V2V) transceivers, or vehicle-to- everything (V2X) transceivers, among other examples.Attorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO87

[0284] The satellite transceiver(s) may include one or more satellite signal receivers, or one or more satellite signal transmitters. In some cases, the device 1105 may be a terrestrial device that may communicate one or more satellites via the satellite transceiver(s). In other cases, device 1105 may be a satellite (or other non-terrestrial entity) that uses the satellite transceiver(s) to communicate with one or more terrestrial networks or other satellites.

[0285] The satellite signal receiver(s) may be connected to one or more of the antenna(s) 1125 for receiving or measuring satellite positioning or communication signals. In some examples, the satellite signal receiver(s) may include one or more satellite positioning system receivers, where the satellite positioning or communication signals may be GPS signals, GLONASS signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), or Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) signals, among other examples. In some examples, the satellite signal receiver(s) may include one or more NTN receivers, where the satellite positioning or communication signals may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control or user data) originating from a device or network. The satellite signal receiver(s) may include hardware or a combination of hardware and instructions for receiving and processing satellite positioning or communication signals. The satellite signal receiver(s) or the processor 1140 may perform calculations to determine a location of the device 1105, the UE 115, the network entity 105, or another device using measurements obtained from one or more satellite signals.

[0286] The one or more satellite signal transmitters may be connected to one or more of the antennas 1125 for transmitting satellite positioning communication signals. In some examples, the satellite signal transmitter(s) may be satellite positioning system transmitters, and the satellite positioning or communication signals may be GPS signals, GLONASS® signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, NAVIC, or QZSS signals, among other examples. In some examples, the satellite signal transmitter(s) include one or more NTN transmitters, and the satellite positioning or communication signals may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control or user data). The satellite signal transmitter(s) may comprise hardware or a combination of hardware and instructions for transmitting satellite positioning or communication signals.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO88

[0287] The device 1105 may include one or more sensors 1150 coupled with the one or more processors 1140 for obtaining sensor data (e.g., image data, RF data, motion data, orientation data, or audio data, among other examples). For example, the one or more sensors 1150 may sense or detect movement or orientation information. In some aspects, the movement or orientation information may be independent from motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers, or the satellite signal interface. In some examples, the sensor(s) 1150 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), or any other type of movement detection sensor. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more sensors 1150 may include an image sensor, camera, microphone, light detector, or pressure sensor, among other examples. In some aspects, the sensor(s) 1150 may include a plurality of different types of devices, and the device 1105 (e.g., sensor(s) 1150 processor(s) 1140) may combine the outputs of the different types of devices to provide motion information. For example, the sensor(s) 1150 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer sensors, orientation sensors, or image sensors to provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

[0288] The at least one memory 1130 may include RAM and ROM. The at least one memory 1130 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processorexecutable code, such as the code 1135. The code 1135 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1140, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1135 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1135 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1140 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1130 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0289] The at least one processor 1140 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, oneAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO89 or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs)), one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the at least one processor 1140 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1140. The at least one processor 1140 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1130) to cause the device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting signaling for sample-based position estimation). For example, the device 1105 or a component of the device 1105 may include at least one processor 1140 and at least one memory 1130 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1140, the at least one processor 1140 and the at least one memory 1130 configured to perform various functions described herein.

[0290] In some examples, the at least one processor 1140 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1130 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1140 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1140) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1130)), or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1140 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1140 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1105 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to,” being “configurable to,” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, whenAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO90 executing code 1135 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 1130 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0291] For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a request that the wireless device is to report a set of multiple measurements as part of a position estimation procedure. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a reference signal, where the wireless device generates the set of multiple measurements based on the reference signal, and where the set of multiple measurements is associated with a time period. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, as part of the position estimation procedure, a first indication of a reference time of the reference signal, where the first indication of the reference time of the reference signal is based on the set of multiple measurements of the reference signal associated with the time period. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, as part of the position estimation procedure, a second indication of a set of multiple signal samples that have a temporal association with the reference time of the reference signal, where individual ones of the set of multiple signal samples are distributed in accordance with a uniform spacing.

[0292] By including or configuring the communications manager 1120 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1105 may support techniques for improved positioning accuracy, improved tracking accuracy, improved communication reliability, reduced latency, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, or improved utilization of processing capability.

[0293] In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1115, the one or more antennas 1125, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1120 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1140, the at least one memory 1130, the code 1135, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1135 may include instructions executable by the at leastAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO91 one processor 1140 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of signaling for sample-based position estimation as described herein, or the at least one processor 1140 and the at least one memory 1130 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.

[0294] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of a network node as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communications manager 1220. The device 1205, or one or more components of the device 1205 (e.g., the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0295] The receiver 1210 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1205. In some examples, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0296] The transmitter 1215 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). In some examples, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, orAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO92 alternatively, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1215 and the receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.

[0297] The communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0298] In some examples, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory).

[0299] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting,Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO93 individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).

[0300] In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both. For example, the communications manager 1220 may receive information from the receiver 1210, send information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0301] For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0302] By including or configuring the communications manager 1220 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1205 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, or more efficient utilization of communication resources.

[0303] FIG. 13 shows a block diagram 1300 of a device 1305 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an exampleAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO94 of aspects of a device 1205 or a network node 405 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communications manager 1320. The device 1305, or one or more components of the device 1305 (e.g., the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, the communications manager 1320), may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0304] The receiver 1310 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1305. In some examples, the receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0305] The transmitter 1315 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1305. For example, the transmitter 1315 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). In some examples, the transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1315 and the receiver 1310 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.

[0306] The device 1305, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO95 based position information as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 may include a capability manager 1325 an information manager 1330, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1320, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both. For example, the communications manager 1320 may receive information from the receiver 1310, send information to the transmitter 1315, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0307] The capability manager 1325 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an AI- based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the AI- based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The information manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0308] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram 1400 of a communications manager 1420 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1420 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220, a communications manager 1320, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1420, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information as described herein. For example, the communications managerAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO961420 may include a capability manager 1425, an information manager 1430, a reference signal manager 1435, a request manager 1440, an indication manager 1445, an error manager 1450, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0309] The capability manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an AI- based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the AI- based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The information manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0310] In some examples, the reference signal manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting a reference signal associated with a communication resource, where the first position information is based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource, and the second position information is based on the reference signal associated with the communication resource.

[0311] In some examples, the capability information of the wireless device is indicated as one of a set of multiple capability reporting options. In some examples, the set of multiple capability reporting options includes a first capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the non-AI- based positioning procedure, and a second capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure only, the non-AI-based positioning procedure only, or the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the non-AI- based positioning procedure.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO97

[0312] In some examples, the capability information indicates that the wireless device has the capability to report the first position information including first location information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second location information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network.

[0313] In some examples, the capability information indicates that the wireless device has the capability to report the first position information generated with the AI- based positioning procedure based on first signaling via one or more first frequency bands, and the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling via one or more second frequency bands.

[0314] In some examples, the request manager 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting a request indicating that the wireless device is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information.

[0315] In some examples, the request indicates one of a set of multiple position reporting options. In some examples, the set of multiple position reporting options includes a first option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second option to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure only, the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure only, or the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0316] In some examples, the capability information of the wireless device indicates that the wireless device has the capability to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO98

[0317] In some examples, the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information including first measurement information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on signaling from a network, concurrently with the second position information including second measurement information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on the signaling from the network.

[0318] In some examples, the request includes a first request that the wireless device is to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first signaling communicated via a first frequency band, and a second request that the wireless device is to report the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second signaling communicated via a second frequency band.

[0319] In some examples, the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on first reference signaling communicated within a first measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within a second measurement time period. In some examples, the first measurement time period and the second measurement time period overlap in time or are separate in time.

[0320] In some examples, the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information generated with the Al-based positioning procedure based on reference signaling communicated within a measurement time period, concurrently with the second position information generated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure based on second reference signaling communicated within the measurement time period.

[0321] In some examples, the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure. In some examples, a subset of the first position information or the second position information is obtained.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO99

[0322] In some examples, the error manager 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining an error message indicating that the subset of the first position information or the second position information is transmitted.

[0323] In some examples, the indication manager 1445 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a first indication that the first position information is associated with the Al-based positioning procedure. In some examples, the indication manager 1445 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a second indication that the second position information is associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0324] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of a time period to transmit the first position information and the second position information after a reference signal resource used by the Al-based positioning procedure or the non- AI-based positioning procedure.

[0325] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of a capability to report the first position information based on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based on the non-AI-based positioning procedure for one or more measurement types of measurements for the AI- based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0326] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of a quantity of measurements that the wireless device is capable of measuring for the AI- based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0327] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of a first quantity of reference signal resources that the wireless device is capable of using to generate measurements for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure, or a second quantity of TRPs from which the wireless device is capable of receiving signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI- based positioning procedure.

[0328] In some examples, the capability information includes an indication of one or more supported periodicities in which the wireless device is capable of receivingAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO100 signaling for the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0329] In some examples, the request manager 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting configuration information, where the configuration information indicates one or more prioritizations for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

[0330] In some examples, the request manager 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting configuration information, where the configuration information indicates one or more conditions for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the one or more conditions are based on one or more characteristics of a reference signal received by the wireless device or based on an availability of a processing resource, a memory resource, or a power resource.

[0331] In some examples, the network node is a base station or an LMF.

[0332] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system 1500 including a device 1505 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1505 may be an example of or include components of a device 1205, a device 1305, or a network node as described herein. The device 1505 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1520, a transceiver 1510, one or more antennas 1515, at least one memory 1525, code 1530, and at least one processor 1535. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1540).

[0333] The transceiver 1510 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1510 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally withAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO101 another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1510 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1505 may include one or more antennas 1515, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1510 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1515, by a wired transmitter), to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1515, from a wired receiver), and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1535, the at least one memory 1525, or both), may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1505. In some examples, the transceiver 1510 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link(s) 125, backhaul communication link(s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168).

[0334] The at least one memory 1525 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1525 may store computer-readable, computerexecutable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1530. The code 1530 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1535, cause the device 1505 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1530 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1530 may not be directlyAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO102 executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1535 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1525 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1525 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system).

[0335] The at least one processor 1535 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs)), one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the at least one processor 1535 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1535. The at least one processor 1535 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1525) to cause the device 1505 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting signaling for concurrent Al-based and non- ALbased position information). For example, the device 1505 or a component of the device 1505 may include at least one processor 1535 and at least one memory 1525 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1535, the at least one processor 1535 and the at least one memory 1525 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1535 may be an example of a cloudcomputing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1530) to perform the functions of the device 1505. The at least one processor 1535 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executingAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO103 scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1505 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1525).

[0336] In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1525 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1535) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1525)), or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1535 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1535 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1505 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to,” being “configurable to,” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1525 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0337] In some examples, a bus 1540 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1540 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1505, or between different components of the device 1505 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1505 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1520, the transceiver 1510, the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, and the at least one processor 1535 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components).

[0338] In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wirelessAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO104 backhaul links). For example, the communications manager 1520 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices). In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0339] For example, the communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information.

[0340] By including or configuring the communications manager 1520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1505 may support techniques for improved positioning accuracy, improved tracking accuracy, improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, or improved utilization of processing capability.

[0341] In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1510, the one or more antennas 1515 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1520 is illustrated as a separate component, in someAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO105 examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1520 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1510, one or more of the at least one processor 1535, one or more of the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1535, the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof). For example, the code 1530 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1535 to cause the device 1505 to perform various aspects of signaling for concurrent Al-based and non- Al-based position information as described herein, or the at least one processor 1535 and the at least one memory 1525 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.

[0342] FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0343] At 1605, the method may include transmitting capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The operations of 1605 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by a capability component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.

[0344] At 1610, the method may include transmitting at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first positionAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO106 information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by an information component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.

[0345] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a wireless device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a wireless device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0346] At 1705, the method may include transmitting capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The operations of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a capability component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.

[0347] At 1710, the method may include receiving a request indicating that the wireless device is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a request component 1045 as described with reference to FIG. 10.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO107

[0348] At 1715, the method may include transmitting at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information. In some examples, the first position information or the second position information may be transmitted based on (e.g., in response to) the request. The operations of 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by an information component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.

[0349] FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a network node or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be performed by a network node as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7 and 12 through 15. In some examples, a network node may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network node to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network node may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0350] At 1805, the method may include obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The operations of 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by a capability manager 1425 as described with reference to FIG. 14.

[0351] At 1810, the method may include obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information. The operations of 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples asAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO108 disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by an information manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.

[0352] FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network node or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be performed by a network node as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7 and 12 through 15. In some examples, a network node may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network node to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network node may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0353] At 1905, the method may include obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based on an Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, where the first position information and the second position information are both associated with a position of an object, and where the Al-based positioning procedure is performed with an Al model and the non-AI-based positioning procedure is performed without the Al model. The operations of 1905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by a capability manager 1425 as described with reference to FIG. 14.

[0354] At 1910, the method may include outputting a request indicating that the wireless device is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information. The operations of 1910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a request manager 1440 as described with reference to FIG. 14.

[0355] At 1915, the method may include obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, where the first position information or the second position information are generated in accordance with the capability information. In some examples, the first position information or the second positionAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO109 information may be obtained based on (e.g., in response to) the request. The operations of 1915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by an information manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.

[0356] FIG. 20 shows examples of wireless communications systems 2000 that support signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Various positioning techniques are illustrated in the context of the wireless communications systems 2000. Some examples of the positioning procedures described herein may be performed in accordance with one or more aspects of the positioning techniques. While TRPs and UEs are provided in the examples illustrated in FIG. 20, other devices (e.g., network entities, base stations, RRHs, RUs, APs, wireless devices, or stations, among other examples) may be similarly utilized in other examples. The examples of positioning techniques include downlink-based positioning techniques, uplink-based positioning techniques, and downlink-and-uplink-based positioning techniques.

[0357] Examples of OTDOA or DL-TDOA 2005 are illustrated in FIG. 20. One or more of the OTDOA or DL-TDOA 2005 positioning techniques may be included in a downlink-based positioning procedure. In OTDOA or DL-TDOA 2005 positioning techniques, a UE may measure a difference between times of arrival (ToAs) of reference signals (e.g., PRSs) received from one or more pairs of TRPs (e.g., TRP2 and TRP3). In some approaches, a difference in ToAs may be referred to as an RSTD or a TDOA measurement. A positioning device (e.g., the UE, an LMF, an SLP, or another device) may utilize the differences in ToAs to determine (e.g., estimate) a location of the UE.

[0358] In some aspects, the UE may receive an identifier (ID) associated with a reference TRP (e.g., a serving base station) and one or more IDs associated with one or more non-reference TRPs in received data (e.g., assistance data). The UE may measure the difference of ToAs between the reference TRP and each of the non-reference TRPs to produce RSTDs or TDOAs. In some aspects, the UE may report an indication of the RSTDs or TDOAs to the positioning device (e.g., an LMF, an SLP, or another device). Based on established locations of the base stations and the RSTD measurements, theAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO110 positioning device (e.g., the UE for UE-based positioning or an LMF for UE-assisted positioning) may estimate the UE’s location.

[0359] An example of UL-TDOA 2010 is illustrated in FIG. 20. One or more of the UL-TDOA 2010 positioning techniques may be included in an uplink-based positioning procedure. UL-TDOA 2010 may have some similarities to DL-TDOA 2005. The UL- TDOA 2010 positioning techniques may be based on uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) transmitted from the UE to multiple TRPs. For example, the UE transmits one or more uplink reference signals that are measured by a reference TRP (e.g., TRP3) and non-reference TRPs (e.g., TRP1 and TRP2). Each TRP then reports the reception time (which may be referred to as a relative time of arrival (RTOA)) of the reference signal(s) to a positioning device (e.g., an LMF, SLP, or UE) that has information about the locations and relative timing of the TRPs. Based on the reception-to-reception (Rx- Rx) time differences between the reported RTOA of the reference TRP and the reported RTOA of each non-reference TRP, the locations of the TRPs, and the corresponding timing offsets, the positioning device may estimate the location of the UE using TDOA.

[0360] An example of DL-AoD 2015 is illustrated in FIG. 20. One or more of the DL-AoD 2015 positioning techniques may be included in a downlink-based positioning procedure. In DL-AoD 2015, a UE may obtain received signal strength measurements corresponding to multiple downlink transmit beams for one or more TRPs (e.g., TRP1 and TRP2). In some approaches, the UE reports the measurements to a positioning device. The positioning device may use the signal strength measurements of the multiple downlink transmit beams to determine the angle(s) (e.g., AoDl and AoD2) between the UE and the transmitting TRP(s). The positioning device (e.g., LMF, SLP, UE, or another device) may estimate the location of the UE based on the determined angle(s) and the established location(s) of the transmitting TRP(s).

[0361] An example of UL-AoA 2020 is illustrated in FIG. 20. One or more of the UL-AoA 2020 positioning techniques may be included in an uplink positioning procedure. In UL-AoA 2020, one or more TRPs (e.g., TRP1 and TRP2) measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRSs) received from a UE on one or more uplink receive beams. In some aspects, the signal strength measurements may be reported to a positioning device. A positioning device (e.g., LFM, SLP, UE, or another device) may use the signal strength measurements and theAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WOI l l angle(s) of the receive beam(s) to determine the angle(s) between the UE and the TRP(s). Based on the determined angle(s) and the established location(s) of the TRP(s), the positioning device may estimate the location of the UE.

[0362] Some positioning techniques or procedures may include a combination downlink-based and uplink-based positioning techniques. Examples of downlink-based and uplink-based positioning techniques may include E-CID positioning and multi- round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (which may be referred to as “multi-RTT” or “multicell RTT” when multiple cells are utilized).

[0363] In multi-RTT, a first device (e.g., a TRP or UE) may transmit a first RTT- related signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a second device (e.g., the UE or TRP). The second device may transmit a second RTT-related signal (e.g., an SRS or PRS) back to the first device. Each device may measure a time difference between the ToA of the received RTT-related signal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal. The time difference may be referred to as an Rx-Tx time difference. In some aspects, the Rx-Tx time difference measurement may be obtained or adjusted to include (e.g., include only) a time difference between nearest slot boundaries for the received and transmitted signals. The first device or the second device may send the corresponding Rx-Tx time difference measurements to a positioning device (e.g., an LMF, SLP, UE, or other device), which may calculate a round trip propagation time (or RTT) between the two device based on the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., as a sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements). Additionally, or alternatively, one device may send a corresponding Rx-Tx time difference measurement to the other device, which may calculate the RTT. The distance between the two devices may be determined from the RTT and a signal speed (e.g., the speed of light).

[0364] An example of multi-cell RTT 2025 is illustrated in FIG. 20. One or more of the multi-RTT or multi-cell RTT techniques described may be included in an uplinkbased or downlink-based positioning procedure. In multi-cell RTT 2025, a first device (e.g., a UE or TRP) may perform an RTT positioning procedure with multiple second devices (e.g., multiple TRPs or UEs) to enable the location of the first device to be determined (e.g., using multilateration) based on distances to, and the established locations of, the second devices.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO112

[0365] In some examples, RTT or multi-RTT techniques may be combined with one or more other positioning techniques (e.g., UL-AoA, DL-AoD, or other positioning techniques), to enhance location accuracy. Examples of combined DL-AoD and RTT 2030 positioning techniques are illustrated in FIG. 20.

[0366] E-CID positioning techniques (not shown in FIG. 20) may be based on radio resource management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, a UE may obtain or report a serving cell ID, a timing advance (TA), identifiers of one or more detected neighbor TRPs, estimated timing of one or more detected neighbor TRPs, or a signal strength measurement of one or more detected neighbor TRPs. A positioning device (e.g., an LFM, SLP, UE, or another device) may utilize the serving cell ID, TA, identifiers, estimated timing, or signal strength measurements with one or more established locations of one or more TRPs to estimate the location of the UE.

[0367] In some approaches, a positioning device (e.g., LMF, SLP, or another device) may provide assistance data to the UE. Assistance data is data to assist with one or more positioning operations (e.g., to detect one or more neighboring TRPs or to receive reference signaling). For instance, the assistance data may indicate IDs of the TRPs (e.g., IDs of one or more cells or TRPs corresponding to a network entity) from which reference signals may be measured. In some examples, a positioning device may transmit assistance data or other information indicating one or more reference signal configuration parameters. The reference signal configuration parameter(s) may include or indicate a quantity of consecutive slots including PRS, a periodicity of consecutive slots including PRS, a muting sequence, a frequency hopping sequence, a reference signal identifier, a reference signal bandwidth, or one or more other parameters applicable to a positioning technique or procedure. Additionally, or alternatively, the assistance data may be sent from one or more TRPs (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overhead messages, a scheduled message, a unicast message, or a multicast message, among other examples). In some examples, a UE may be able to detect one or more neighboring TRPs (e.g., network nodes) without the use of assistance data.

[0368] For OTDOA positioning techniques or DL-TDOA positioning techniques, the assistance data may indicate an expected RSTD value and an associated uncertainty or search window around the expected RSTD. For example, an expected RSTD value may have an associated uncertainty or search window with a range of ±500Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO113 microseconds (ps). In another example, when any of the resources used for the positioning measurement s) are in FR1, an expected RSTD value may have an associated uncertainty or search window with a range of ±32 ps. In another example, when all of the resources used for the positioning measurement s) are in FR2, an expected RSTD value may have an associated uncertainty or search window with a range of ±8 ps.

[0369] In some examples, a location may be referred to as a position estimate, location estimate, position, position fix, or fix, among other examples. A location may be geodetic and include coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, or altitude) or may be civic and include a street address, postal address, or another description of a location. In some aspects, a location may be defined relative to another location or may be defined in absolute terms (e.g., latitude, longitude, or altitude). A location may include an indication of error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location may be included with a specified or default level of confidence).

[0370] Various examples of sidelink positioning techniques are illustrated in FIG. 20. Sidelink positioning techniques may include positioning techniques that are based on sidelink communication (e.g., based exclusively on sidelink communication or based on sidelink communication jointly with other communication(s), such as Uu interface communication).

[0371] A first example of sidelink positioning 2035 is illustrated in FIG. 20. In the first example of sidelink positioning 2035, at least one peer UE with an established location may improve location estimation (e.g., Uu-based positioning, multi-cell RTT, DL-TDOA, or UL-TDOA, among other examples) for a target UE by providing an additional anchor (e.g., sidelink RTT (SL-RTT)).

[0372] A second example of sidelink positioning 2040 is illustrated in FIG. 20. In the second example of sidelink positioning 2040, different types (e.g., categories, classes, or capabilities) of UEs may be utilized. For example, first UEs and a second UE may be utilized. Relative to the second UE, the first UEs may have one or more increased capabilities, such as one or more additional sensors, a faster processor, greater memory capacity, one or more additional antenna elements, a higher transmit power capability, access to one or more additional frequency bands, or any combinationAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO114 thereof. In some aspects, the second UE may be a reduced capacity or “RedCap” UE. The second UE may be assisted by the first UEs to determine the location of the second UE. For instance, sidelink-based positioning or ranging procedures may be performed with the first UEs, which may enhance the location accuracy of the second UE.

[0373] A third example of sidelink positioning 2045 is illustrated in FIG. 20. The third example of sidelink positioning 2045 may be performed via one or more sidelink connections (e.g., via sidelink connections exclusively or jointly with one or more Uu- based connections). In the third example of sidelink positioning 2045, the UEs may perform peer-to-peer (P2P) positioning or ranging. Sidelink positioning may be helpful for out-of-coverage or public safety scenarios. For instance, the UEs may be out of coverage of a network and may determine a location or a relative distance and a relative position among the UEs using sidelink positioning techniques. In some examples, sidelink positioning may be performed by UEs in public safety scenarios (e.g., for police, firefighters, search-and-rescue, or paramedics, among other examples).

[0374] A fourth example of sidelink positioning 2050 is illustrated in FIG. 20. The fourth example of sidelink positioning 2050 may be performed via one or more sidelink connections (e.g., via sidelink connections exclusively or jointly with one or more Uu- based connections). In the fourth example of sidelink positioning 2050, one or more of the UEs may determine a location or a relative distance and a relative position using sidelink positioning techniques, such as SL-RTT. For instance, one or more of the UEs may be out of coverage of a network and may determine a location or a relative distance and a relative position among the UEs using sidelink positioning techniques.

[0375] An example of relay positioning 2055 is illustrated in FIG. 20. In the example of relay positioning 2055, a relay UE (e.g., with an established location) may participate in the location estimation of a remote UE (without performing uplink reference signal transmission over the Uu interface, for instance). For example, the relay UE may receive a downlink PRS from a TRP and may relay an SL-PRS to the remote UE. In some cases, the remote UE may also receive another downlink PRS from the TRP. A positioning device (e.g., LMF, SLP, UE, or other device) may utilize a downlink PRS measurement and an SL-PRS measurement with the established location of the relay UE to estimate the location of the remote UE.Attorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WQ (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO115

[0376] An example of joint positioning 2060 is illustrated in FIG. 20. In the example of joint positioning 2060, multiple peer UEs (without established locations, for instance) may be located. In some approaches, multiple peer UEs may be jointly located in NLOS conditions by utilizing one or more constraints from one or more peer (e.g., neighboring or nearby) UEs. As illustrated in FIG. 20, RTT or TDOA techniques may be performed between TRP1 and each of the peer UEs, may be performed between TRP2 and each of the peer UEs, and may be performed between the peer UEs. In some examples, one or more of the peer UEs may report measurements from the RTT or TDOA technique(s) to a positioning device. The positioning device (e.g., LMF, SLP, UE, or other device) may utilize the measurements from the RTT or TDOA technique(s) to estimate the locations of the peer UEs.

[0377] Some aspects of the techniques described herein may be performed in conjunction with one or more of the positioning techniques described with reference to FIG. 20. For instance, one or more of the positioning techniques described with reference to FIG. 20 may be performed with or without utilizing one or more AI / ML models, or Al-based position information or non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more of the positioning techniques may be reported as described with reference to FIG. 4. Some examples of the positioning techniques may be performed in one or more wireless communications systems 2000.

[0378] FIG. 21 shows an example of a node diagram 2100 that supports signaling for concurrent Al-based and non-AI-based position information in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Al models are programmatic or algorithmic structures that simulate intelligent behavior. Machine learning models may be examples of Al models. Machine learning models are programmatic or algorithmic structures that may be trained to infer or predict an output based on an input. For example, an ML model may be trained using training input data and ground truth data.

[0379] Machine learning models may be categorized as unsupervised or supervised. Unsupervised learning may be utilized to draw inferences and find patterns from input data without references to labeled outcomes. Two examples of unsupervised learning models include clustering and dimensionality reduction. Clustering is an unsupervised technique that involves the grouping, or clustering, of data points. Clustering techniques may include k-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, mean shift clustering, andAttorney Docket No. PB0001GR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO116 density-based clustering. Dimensionality reduction may be a procedure for reducing a quantity of random variables under consideration by obtaining a set of principal variables. Dimensionality reduction may reduce the dimension of a feature set or reduce a quantity of features). Some dimensionality reduction techniques may be categorized as feature elimination or feature extraction. One example of dimensionality reduction may be referred to as principal component analysis (PCA). PCA may involve projecting higher dimensional data (e.g., three dimensions) to a lower-dimensional space (e.g., two dimensions), which may result in a lower dimension of data (e.g., two dimensions instead of three dimensions) while maintaining one or more variables in the model.

[0380] Supervised learning involves learning a function that maps an input to an output based on associated inputs and outputs. For instance, supervised learning may be utilized to draw inferences and find patterns from input data based on labeled data (e.g., training input data with associated ground truth data). A supervised model may subcategorized as a regression or classification model. Regression models may provide continuous outputs. One example of a regression model is a linear regression, which may determine a line that fits (e.g., best fits) input data. Extensions of linear regression include multiple linear regression (e.g., finding a plane of best fit) and polynomial regression (e.g., finding a curve of best fit).

[0381] In classification models, the output may be discrete. One example of a classification model is logistic regression. Logistic regression may be similar to linear regression, but may be used to model a probability for a finite quantity of outcomes. For example, a logistic regression may be utilized such that the output values may be between 0 and 1. Another example of a classification model is a support vector machine. For two classes of data, for example, a support vector machine may determine a hyperplane or a boundary between the two classes of data that maximizes a margin between the two classes. For instance, many planes may separate two classes, while one plane may maximize the margin or distance between the classes. Another example of a classification model is Naive Bayes, which is based on Bayes Theorem.

[0382] Other examples of classification models include decision tree models, random forest models, and neural network models, where an output may be discrete. In a decision tree model, a tree structure is defined with multiple nodes. Decisions may be used to move from a root node at the top of the decision tree to a leaf node (e.g., a nodeAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO117 without a child node) at the bottom of the decision tree. A higher quantity of nodes in the decision tree model may correlate with higher decision accuracy.

[0383] Random forest models may utilize ensemble learning techniques that build from decision tree models. Random forests involve creating multiple decision trees using bootstrapped datasets of the original data and randomly selecting a subset of variables at each tier of the decision tree. The model may select the mode of all of the predictions of each decision tree. By relying on a “majority wins” model, the risk of error from an individual tree may be reduced.

[0384] Another example of an ML model is a neural network (NN). A neural network may be a network of functional nodes. Neural networks may utilize one or more input variables to traverse the nodes and generate one or more output variables. For example, a neural network may utilize an input vector to generate an output vector.

[0385] The Al model illustrated in FIG. 21 is an example of a neural network. The neural network includes an input layer i that receives n (one or more) inputs (illustrated as “Input 1,” “Input 2,” and “Input n”), one or more hidden layers (illustrated as hidden layers “hl,” “h2,” and “h3”) for processing the inputs from the input layer, and an output layer o that provides m (one or more) outputs (labeled “Output 1” and “Output m”). While examples of quantities of inputs n, hidden layers h, and outputs m are illustrated in FIG. 21, same or different quantities of inputs, hidden layers, or outputs may be utilized in other examples. In some approaches, the hidden layers h may include linear function(s) or activation function(s) that the nodes (illustrated as circles) of each successive hidden layer process from the nodes of the previous hidden layer.

[0386] In some aspects, the Al model illustrated in FIG. 21 or another Al model may be trained in accordance with one or more training techniques. In some examples of the training techniques described herein, one or more Al models (e.g., implemented by one or more devices) may be trained based on training input data (e.g., measurements of reference signals to or from various UEs) and ground truth data (e.g., locations of the various UEs), thereby enabling later determination of an output (e.g., an inferred or prediction location or measurement) when an Al model is executed with runtime input data (e.g., from other UEs).Attorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO118

[0387] Ground truth data may be data representing a target output associated with training input data. Ground truth data may be generated or observed (e.g., empirical) data. In some examples, ground truth data may indicate one or more observed locations (e.g., coordinates or addresses, among other examples) corresponding to training input data. Examples of training input data may include reference signal data (e.g., measurements of a PRS, SRS, reference signal of an SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS, or TRS, among other examples), signal data (e.g., signal strength data, RSRP data, RSRPP data, RS SI data, RSRQ data, SINR data, or SNR data, among other examples), channel data (e.g., CIR data, PDP data, DP data, CQI data, CSI data, decoding failure rate, or retransmission request rate, among other examples), AoA data, AoD data, TDOA data, RTT data, TA data, sensor data (e.g., image data, RF data, motion data, orientation data, or audio data, among other examples), or identifier data (e.g., cell ID data or service set identifier (SSID) data, among other examples), among other examples.

[0388] In some examples, ground truth data may indicate one or more measurements or values (e.g., AoA measurements, AoD measurements, TDOA measurements, RTT measurements, LOS angle(s), or other values) corresponding to training input data. Examples of training input data may include reference signal data (e.g., measurements of a PRS, SRS, reference signal of an SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS, or TRS, among other examples), signal data (e.g., signal strength data, RSRP data, RSSI data, RSRQ data, SINR data, or SNR data, among other examples), channel data (e.g., CIR data, PDP data, DP data, CQI data, CSI data, decoding failure rate, or retransmission request rate, among other examples), TA data, sensor data (e.g., image data, RF data, motion data, orientation data, or audio data, among other examples), or identifier data (e.g., cell ID data or SSID data, among other examples), among other examples.

[0389] An Al model (e.g., the Al model illustrated in FIG. 21 or an ML model) may be trained by executing the Al model with the training data to produce an output, comparing the output with the ground truth data, and adjusting weights of the Al model to reduce a disparity between the output and the ground truth data. For example, one or more of the nodes or connections of the Al model may have an associated weight that may be adjusted to modify one or more of the outputs. In some approaches, a cost function may be utilized to compare the output with the ground truth data to indicate aAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO119 cost (e.g., error or disparity). Adjustments to the weights that reduce the cost may be retained, advanced, or increased, while adjustments to the weights that increase the cost may be discarded, avoided, or decreased. Training procedures may be repeated or iterated to improve Al model performance.

[0390] Input data (e.g., runtime input data) may be provided to a trained Al model, which may infer or predict an output based on the input data. Some examples of Al models may be trained to infer or predict a location based on input data (e.g., reference signal data, signal data, channel data, Ao A data, AoD data, TDOA data, RTT data, TA data, sensor data, or identifier data, among other examples). Some examples of Al models may be trained to infer or predict measurements or values (e.g., timing measurement(s), angle measurement(s), AoA measurement(s), AoD measurement(s), TDOA measurement(s), RTT measurement s), LOS angle(s), or other values) based on input data.

[0391] Some examples of the techniques described herein may be performed in conjunction with one or more of the Al models described with reference to FIG. 21. For instance, one or...

Claims

Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO140CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A wireless device, comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to: transmit capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based at least in part on an artificial intelligence (Al)-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based at least in part on a non-ALbased positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model; and transmit at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

2. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to: receive a reference signal associated with a communication resource; generate the first position information via the Al-based positioning procedure based at least in part on the reference signal associated with the communication resource; and generate the second position information via the non-AI-based positioning procedure based at least in part on the reference signal associated with the communication resource.

3. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the capability information of the wireless device is indicated as one of a plurality of capability reporting options, the plurality of capability reporting options comprising a first capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedureAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO141 concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure only, the non-AI- based positioning procedure only, or the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

4. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to: receive a request indicating that the wireless device is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information.

5. The wireless device of claim 4, wherein: the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a subset of the first position information or the second position information is transmitted.

6. The wireless device of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to: transmit an error message indicating that the subset of the first position information or the second position information is transmitted.

7. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to: transmit a first indication that the first position information is associated with the Al-based positioning procedure; and transmit a second indication that the second position information is associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

8. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the capability information comprises an indication of a time period to transmit the first positionAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO142 information and the second position information after a reference signal resource used by the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

9. A network node, comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network node to: obtain capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based at least in part on an artificial intelligence (Al)-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based at least in part on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model; and obtain at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

10. The network node of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network node to: output a request indicating that the wireless device is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information.

11. The network node of claim 10, wherein the request indicates one of a plurality of position reporting options, the plurality of position reporting options comprising a first option to report the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second option to report the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure only, the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI- based positioning procedure only, or the first position information based at least in partAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO143 on the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

12. The network node of claim 10, wherein the capability information of the wireless device indicates that the wireless device has the capability to report the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI- based positioning procedure, and the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

13. The network node of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network node to: obtain a first indication that the first position information is associated with the Al-based positioning procedure; and obtain a second indication that the second position information is associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

14. The network node of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network node to: output configuration information that indicates one or more prioritizations for transmitting the first position information associated with the AI- based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

15. The network node of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network node to: output configuration information that indicates one or more conditions for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with theAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO144 non-AI-based positioning procedure, the one or more conditions based at least in part on one or more characteristics of a reference signal received by the wireless device or based at least in part on an availability of a processing resource, a memory resource, or a power resource.

16. A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising: transmitting capability information of the wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based at least in part on an artificial intelligence (Al)-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based at least in part on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, wherein the first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model; and transmitting at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: receiving a reference signal associated with a communication resource; generating the first position information via the Al-based positioning procedure based at least in part on the reference signal associated with the communication resource; and generating the second position information via the non-AI-based positioning procedure based at least in part on the reference signal associated with the communication resource.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the capability information of the wireless device is indicated as one of a plurality of capability reporting options, the plurality of capability reporting options comprising a first capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the non-AI- based positioning procedure, and a second capability of the wireless device to participate in the Al-based positioning procedure only, the non-AI-based positioningAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO145 procedure only, or the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the non-AI- based positioning procedure.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising: receiving a request indicating that the wireless device is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure and the second position information associated with the non-AI- based positioning procedure, and a subset of the first position information or the second position information is transmitted.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising: transmitting an error message indicating that the subset of the first position information or the second position information is transmitted.

22. The method of claim 16, further comprising: transmitting a first indication that the first position information is associated with the Al-based positioning procedure; and transmitting a second indication that the second position information is associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein the capability information comprises an indication of a time period to transmit the first position information and the second position information after a reference signal resource used by the Al-based positioning procedure or the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

24. A method for wireless communications at a network node, comprising: obtaining capability information of a wireless device that indicates a capability of the wireless device to report first position information based at least in part on an artificial intelligence (Al)-based positioning procedure concurrent with second position information based at least in part on a non-AI-based positioning procedure, theAttorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO146 first position information and the second position information associated with a position of an object, the Al-based positioning procedure performed with an Al model, and the non-AI-based positioning procedure performed without the Al model; and obtaining at least one of the first position information or the second position information, the first position information or the second position information generated in accordance with the capability information.

25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: outputting a request indicating that the wireless device is to report one of the first position information or the second position information, or is to report the first position information concurrent with the second position information.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the request indicates one of a plurality of position reporting options, the plurality of position reporting options comprising a first option to report the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI-based positioning procedure, and a second option to report the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure only, the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI- based positioning procedure only, or the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure non-concurrent with the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the capability information of the wireless device indicates that the wireless device has the capability to report the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI- based positioning procedure, and the request indicates that the wireless device is to report the first position information based at least in part on the Al-based positioning procedure concurrent with the second position information based at least in part on the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

28. The method of claim 24, further comprising:Attorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)Qualcomm Ref. No. 2403305WO147 obtaining a first indication that the first position information is associated with the Al-based positioning procedure; and obtaining a second indication that the second position information is associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

29. The method of claim 24, further comprising: outputting configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates one or more prioritizations for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure.

30. The method of claim 24, further comprising: outputting configuration information that indicates one or more conditions for transmitting the first position information associated with the Al-based positioning procedure relative to transmitting the second position information associated with the non-AI-based positioning procedure, the one or more conditions based at least in part on one or more characteristics of a reference signal received by the wireless device or based at least in part on an availability of a processing resource, a memory resource, or a power resource.Attorney Docket No. PBOOOIGR.WO (114958.4687)

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