Motor with a brake and a position sensor
The motor design with a pin brake and inductive position sensing addresses the inefficiencies of bulky resolvers by integrating the brake disc as a sensing component, resulting in a compact, cost-effective, and energy-efficient solution for industrial robots.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/114944
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Conventional multi-axis industrial robots use bulky and heavy resolvers as position sensors, which are inefficient in terms of cost, compactness, and power consumption, and require complex cable routing.
A motor design incorporating a pin brake and a position sensor with inductive coupling, where the brake disc serves as both a brake and a sensing component, and a conductor pattern on the rotor shaft senses rotation position without cables, reducing complexity and cost.
The design achieves a more compact, lightweight, and energy-efficient motor with simplified cable routing and higher resolution, lowering production costs and power consumption.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024114944_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MOTOR WITH A BRAKE AND A POSITION SENSORFIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to an industrial robot, and more specifically, to a motor equipped with a brake and a position sensor.BACKGROUND
[0002] Multi-axis industrial robots are widely used in various industry fields. An industrial robot typically comprises a manipulator formed by a plurality of joints each of which includes one or more actuators and a plurality of structural arms connecting the adjacent joints.
[0003] Typically, each joint comprises a motor with a brake configured to stop rotation of the rotor and a position sensor configured to detect angle position or rotation position of the rotor. In a conventional robot, a resolver is used as the sensor. The resolver, however, is bulky and heavy and routing for cables is complex. There is a need to further improve the motor.SUMMARY
[0004] Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for a motor, a motor, and an industrial robot which mitigates or obviates one or more above mentioned problems.
[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for a motor. The apparatus comprises: a position sensor comprising a first sensing component and a second sensing component rotatable with respect to the first sensing component, the first sensing component being axially fixed to a shaft of the rotor opposite to the second sensing component and comprising a conductor pattern, the second sensing component comprising a sensor coil configured to inductively coupled to the conductor pattern to sense a rotation position of the shaft of the motor; and a brake comprising a brake disc fixed to the shaft of the rotor, a drive, and a brake member driven by the drive, wherein the brake member is driven to be movable between a braked position at which the brake member stops the brake disc and a separate position at which the brake member is separate from the brake disc. By use of the position sensor, the cable routing can be simplified and the position sensor can be made with higher resolution with lower costs.
[0006] In some embodiments, the brake may be a pin brake comprising a pin driven by the drive, wherein the pin is driven to be movable between the braked position at which the pin is in a rotation path of the brake disc and the separate position at which the pin is out of the rotation path of the brake disc.
[0007] In some embodiments, the brake disc may comprise: a disc body comprising a central hole for passage of the shaft of the rotor; and a plurality of brake teeth radially extending from the disc body, two adjacent brake teeth defining a space for receiving the pin when the pin is at the extended position.
[0008] In some embodiments, the drive may comprise a solenoid.
[0009] In some embodiments, the brake may be a spring brake comprising a pressing plate driven by the drive, wherein the pressing plate is driven to be movable between the braked position at which the pressing plate engages with the brake disc and the separate position at which the pressing plate is away from the brake disc.
[0010] In some embodiments, the drive may comprise: a coil former and a winding around the coil former, and a spring arranged between the pressing plate and the coil former.
[0011] In some embodiments, the brake disc may be made of an electrically conductive material and the brake disc and the first sensing component may be the same one component. With this arrangement, the number of parts can be further reduced, with further reduced costs.
[0012] In some embodiments, the conductor pattern may comprise a plurality of slots circumferentially arranged around the brake disc. The costs of the position sensor can be further reduced.
[0013] In some embodiments, the first sensing component may be formed as a separate component from the brake disc and is fixed to the brake disc.
[0014] In some embodiments, the first sensing component may comprise a dielectric substrate and the conductor pattern comprises a plurality of conductors formed on the dielectric substrate.
[0015] In some embodiments, the first sensing component may be a printed circuit board.
[0016] In some embodiments, the brake disc may comprise: a disc body comprising a central hole for passage of the shaft of the rotor; and a plurality of brake teeth radially extending from the disc body, two adjacent brake teeth defining a space for receiving the pin when the pin is at the extended position.
[0017] In some embodiments, the second sensing component may comprise a dielectric substrate and the sensor coil is formed on the dielectric substrate.
[0018] In some embodiments, the second sensing component may comprise a printed circuit board.
[0019] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a motor. The motor comprises: a rotor; a shaft fixed to the rotor; and an apparatus according to any of the first aspect.
[0020] In some embodiments, the second sensing component may be fixed to an inner side of an end cover of the motor and be arranged between the first sensing component and the end cover.
[0021] In some embodiments, the drive may be fixed to a housing of the motor enclosing the rotor.
[0022] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an industrial robot comprising a manipulator, wherein the manipulator comprises a plurality of joints at least one of which comprises the motor according to any of the second aspect.
[0023] It would be appreciated that this summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become evident through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Through the following detailed descriptions with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objectives, features and advantages of the example embodiments disclosed herein will become more comprehensible. In the drawings, several example embodiments disclosed herein will be illustrated in an example and in a non-limiting manner, wherein:
[0025] Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a motor according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] Fig. 2 is a section view of the motor according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0027] Fig. 3 is a partial perspective view of the motor with a pin brake and a position sensor shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a housing being removed to show details of the pin brake and the position sensor;
[0028] Fig. 4 is an axial plane view of the brake disc according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0029] Fig. 5 is an axial plane view of the brake disc according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0030] Fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the brake disc of Fig. 5;
[0031] Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a motor according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure, a housing being removed to show details of the brake and the position sensor;
[0032] Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the motor shown in Fig. 7;
[0033] Fig. 9 is a section view of the motor shown in Fig. 7; and
[0034] Fig. 10 shows a block view of a system for controlling the motor according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0035] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference symbols are used to indicate the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0036] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to several example embodiments shown in the drawings. Though example embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it is to be understood that the embodiments are described only to facilitate those skilled in the art in better understanding and thereby achieving the present disclosure, rather than to limit the scope of the disclosure in any manner.
[0037] The term “comprises” or “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “or” is to be read as “and / or” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “being operable to” is to mean a function, an action, a motion or a state that can be achieved by an operation induced by a user or an external mechanism. The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The terms “first, ” “second, ” and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below. A definition of a term is consistent throughout the description unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0038] Multi-axis industrial robots typically comprise a manipulator formed by a plurality of joints each of which includes one or more motors and a plurality of structural arms connecting the adjacent joints. The motor comprises a fixed part and a rotor configured to rotate with respect to the fixed part. Within each joint, a position sensor is provided configured to detect an angle position of the rotor. In addition to the position sensor, a brake is also provided within each joint and is configured to apply forces and / or toques to the rotor so as to stop its rotation. Conventionally, a resolver is used as the position sensor. In terms of costs and compactness, the resolver is not satisfactory since the resolver is bulky and heavy. There is a need to provide a compact design which can be made more lightweight, more compact and / or with less power consumption.
[0039] Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a motor with a compact design according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is a section view of the motor according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure, with its components in an assembled state. Fig. 3 is a partial perspective view of the motor with a pin brake and a position sensor shown in Figs. 1 and 2. A housing of the motor is removed to show details of the pin brake and the position sensor.
[0040] As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the motor comprises a housing 36 defining a cylindrical cavity with two axial openings. Various components of the motor, such as its rotor, stator, and the like, are housed in the cylindrical cavity. At one axial opening, an end cover 38 is provided (referring to Fig. 2) . At the other axial opening, a gearbox 34 is provided. A load, such as an adjacent arm driven by the joint is connected to a shaft 32 of the motor via the gear box 36.
[0041] Within the motor, a brake 10 and a position sensor 20 are also provided. In some embodiments, the brake 10 is implemented as a pin brake (referring to Figs. 1-3) . In some embodiments, the brake 10 is implemented as a spring brake (referring to Figs. 7-9) .
[0042] Figs. 1-3 show the embodiment in which, apin brake 10 is used. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the pin brake 10 comprises a brake disc 14, a pin drive 12, and a pin 16. The brake disc 14 is fixed to the shaft 32 of the rotor and rotates as the shaft 32 rotates. The pin drive12 may be fixed to the housing 36 and is used to drive the pin 16. The pin 16 is driven by the pin drive 12 to be movable along an axial direction of the shaft 32 between an extended position and a retracted position. At the extended position, the pin 16 is in a rotation path of the brake disc 14. Thus, the brake disc 14 is prevented from rotating. At the retracted position, the pin 16 is out of the rotation path of the brake disc 14. Thus, the brake disc 14 is allowed to rotate. By moving the pin 16 into the way of the brake disc 14, the brake disc 14 is braked. By moving the pin 16 out of the way of the brake disc 14, the brake disc 14 is allowed to rotate.
[0043] In some embodiments, in addition to the position sensor 20, a secondary position sensor (not shown) may be arranged at an output of the joint. In this way, the position of the robot joint can be always and reliably detected even if the brake disc slips.
[0044] In some embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, the brake disc 14 may comprise a disc body 142 and a plurality of brake teeth 144 radially extending from the disc body 142. The disc body 142 is of a ring shape and comprises a central hole for passage of the shaft 32 of the rotor. Two adjacent brake teeth 144 defines a space for receiving the pin 16 when the pin 16 is at the extended position. When there is a need to brake the shaft 32, the shaft 32 can be braked simply by moving the pin 16 into the space formed by two adjacent brake teeth 144. In the shown example, the brake teeth 144 are radially tapered. It is to be understood that the shape of the teeth may be any other proper shapes.
[0045] In some embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, the pin 16 may include a central pin 162 and a blocking ring 164 provided on the central pin. The blocking ring 164 has a larger diameter than the central pin. This allows the pin to be placed as far as possible away from the shaft. This may be beneficial for reducing the space occupied by the pin brake 10 without reducing a diameter of the shaft. The pin drive 12 may be of various forms as long as the pin drive 12 can drive the pin to move linearly. In some embodiments, the pin drive 12 comprises a solenoid. In some other embodiments, the pin drive 12 may be hydraulic, pneumatic, and the like. In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 1-4, the pin drive 12 may be fixed to the housing 36 via a bracket and a screw fastener.
[0046] The use of pin brake in the motor bring about many advantages. For example, the pin brake is of high energy efficiency, which can reduce power consumption. The pin brake occupies little space and is easily to be assembled, which make the rotor compact and reduce its cost. This is particularly useful in small-torque applications.
[0047] In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 1-3, the position sensor 20 comprises a first sensing component 24 and a second sensing component 22 rotatable with respect to the first sensing component 24. The first sensing component 24 is axially fixed to the shaft 32 of the rotor opposite to the second sensing component 22. The first sensing component 24 comprises a conductor pattern 26. The second sensing component 22 comprises a sensor coil. The sensor coil is inductively coupled to the conductor pattern 26 to sense a rotation position of the shaft 32 of the motor. The conductor pattern 26 may by formed by a plurality of conductors provided on the first sensing component 24. During rotation of the shaft 32, an inductive coupling between the conductor pattern 26 and the sensor coil may produce periodic electric signals which derive the rotation position of the shaft 32. By use of the conductor pattern 26, instead of coils, cables for powering the conductor pattern 26 and thus the associated cables routing can be omitted.
[0048] In some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 1-3, the first sensing component 24 may include an axial central hole for passage of the shaft and the first sensing component 24 can be easily and axially fixed to the shaft 32. The second sensing component 22 may comprises a dielectric substrate and the sensor coil (not shown) is formed on the dielectric substrate. The sensor coil is powered and is configured to is inductively coupled to the first sensing component 24. In some embodiments, the second sensing component 22 comprises is a printed circuit board and the sensor coils are printed conductor patterns.
[0049] In some embodiments, the second sensing component 22 is fixed with respect to the first sensing component 24. The second sensing component 22 may be fixed to the housing 36 or the end cover 38, which may facilitate cable routing. In the shown example, the second sensing component 22 is fixed to the end cover 38 and is sandwiched between the brake disc 14 and the end cover 38, which may facilitate inductive coupling among the second sensing component 22 and the first sensing component 24. The second sensing component 22 may include a central hole for passable of the shaft 32 and is fixed to the end cover 38 at an its inner side. With this arrangement, the inductive coupling can be easily adapted.
[0050] Due to the fact that both the first sensing component 24 and the brake disc 14 are fixed to the shaft, the first sensing component 24 and the brake disc 14 may be the same one component. In this case, parts number of the motor can be further reduced, with reduced costs. In some embodiments, the brake disc 14 may be made of an electrically conductive material. The conductor pattern 26 may be easily formed by the electrically conductive material of the brake disc 14. In this event, the brake disc 14 is not only used as a part of the pin brake 10 but also used as the first sensing component 24 of the position sensor 20.
[0051] Fig. 4 is an axial plane view of the brake disc according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, the conductor pattern 26 comprises a plurality of slots 262 circumferentially arranged around the brake disc 14. The slots 262 may be of various patterns and of various distribution in the brake disc 14. As the number of the slots 262 can be easily changed, resolution of the detection can be increased compared to a resolver. In the shown example, the slot is in form of a rectangle hole. It is to be understood that the shown example is merely illustrative and the shape of the slot may be any other proper forms. By use of the slot patterns, there is no need to power the slot pattern. The associated cables routing for powering the first conductor component 24 can be omitted.
[0052] In some embodiments, the first sensing component 24 and the brake disc 14 may different component. The first sensing component 24 may be fixed to the brake disc 14. Figs. 5 and 6 show an axial plane view of the brake disc according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure and its exploded perspective view respectively. As shown in Figs. 6 and 6, the first sensing component 24 may be formed as a separate component from the brake disc 14. The first sensing component 24 may be fixed to the brake disc 14 before assembling. This facilitates reducing manufacturing costs. In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the first sensing component 24 may comprise a dielectric substrate and the conductor pattern 26 comprises a plurality of conductors formed on the dielectric substrate. In some embodiments, the first sensing component 24 may be a printed circuit board. In the shown example, the conductor is in form of a rectangle pad. It is to be understood that the shown example is merely illustrative and the shape of the conductor may be any other proper forms. By use of the conductor patterns, there is no need to power the conductor pattern. The associated cables routing for powering the first conductor component 24 can be omitted.
[0053] Figs. 7-9 show views of a motor according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure. Figs. 7-9 show the embodiment in which a spring brake 10 is used. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a motor according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure. The housing of the motor is removed to better show its inner components. Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a motor shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a section view of the motor shown in Fig. 7. The embodiment shown in Figs. 7-9 is analogously to that shown in Figs. 1-3. The main difference is that the brake in Figs. 7-9 is implemented as a spring brake. The position sensor in Figs. 7-9 is substantially the same as that in Figs. 1-3 and their description is omitted.
[0054] As shown in Figs. 7-9, the spring brake 10 comprises a pressing plate 13 and a brake disc 14. The pressing plate 13 can be driven the drive 12. The drive 12 may include a coil former 15 and a winding wound around the coil former 15. The pressing plate 13 is driven by the winding so as to move between the braked position at which the pressing plate13 engages with the brake disc 14 and the separate position at which the pressing plate 13 is away from the brake disc 14. When the pressing plate13 engages with the brake disc 14, the pressing plate 13 prevents the brake disc 14 from rotating through friction. When the pressing plate13 disengages from the brake disc 14, the brake disc 14 can rotate freely. In some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 9, a spring 17 may be arranged between the coil former 15 and the pressing plate 13. The spring 17 is configured to store energy and / or release energy by energizing or deenergizing the winding. In some embodiments, a guide post 19 may be provided for guiding movement of the pressing plate 13. The provision of the guide post 19 ensures the linear and smooth movement of the pressing plate 13.
[0055] Fig. 10 shows a block view of a system for controlling the motor according to one example embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 10, the system 100 may include a controller 110, a motor 120, a brake 130, and a position sensor 140. The position sensor 140 comprises a first sensing component 24 and a second sensing component 22 rotatable with respect to the first sensing component 24. The first sensing component 24 may comprise a conductor pattern 26. The second sensing component 22 comprises a sensor coil 25 configured to inductively coupled to the conductor pattern 26 to sense a rotation position of the shaft 32 of the motor. The sensor coil 25 may be connected to an AD converter 150 which is further connected to the controller 110. The brake 130 may comprises a solenoid 12 and a brake disc 14. The first sensing component 24 and the brake disc 14 may be the same one component, or the first sensing component 24 is fixed to the brake disc 14. During operation of the system, the controller 110 send instructions to the motor 120 and cause its rotor to rotate. When the rotor rotates, the brake disc 14 as well as the first sensing component 24 rotates. During this process, the sensor coil 25 of the second sensing component 22 is inductively coupled to the conductor pattern 26 to sense a rotation
[0056] The description of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims
1.An apparatus for a motor, comprisinga position sensor (20) comprising a first sensing component (24) and a second sensing component (22) rotatable with respect to the first sensing component (24) , the first sensing component (24) being axially fixed to a shaft (32) of the rotor opposite to the second sensing component (22) and comprising a conductor pattern (26) , the second sensing component (22) comprising a sensor coil configured to inductively coupled to the conductor pattern (26) to sense a rotation position of the shaft (32) of the motor; anda brake (10) comprising a brake disc (14) fixed to the shaft (32) of the rotor, a drive (12) , and a brake member driven by the drive (12) , wherein the brake member is driven to be movable between a braked position at which the brake member stops the brake disc (14) and a separate position at which the brake member is separate from the brake disc (14) .2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the brake is a pin brake comprising a pin (16) driven by the drive (12) , wherein the pin (16) is driven to be movable between the braked position at which the pin (16) is in a rotation path of the brake disc (14) and the separate position at which the pin (16) is out of the rotation path of the brake disc (14) .3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the brake disc (14) comprises:a disc body (142) comprising a central hole for passage of the shaft (32) of the rotor; anda plurality of brake teeth (144) radially extending from the disc body (142) , two adjacent brake teeth (144) defining a space for receiving the pin (16) when the pin (16) is at the extended position.4.The apparatus of claims 2 or 3, wherein the drive (12) comprises a solenoid.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the brake is a spring brake comprising a pressing plate driven by the drive (12) , wherein the pressing plate is driven to be movable between the braked position at which the pressing plate engages with the brake disc (14) and the separate position at which the pressing plate is away from the brake disc (14) .6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the drive (12) comprises:a coil former and a winding around the coil former, anda spring arranged between the pressing plate and the coil former.7.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims, wherein the brake disc (14) is made of an electrically conductive material and the brake disc (14) and the first sensing component (24) are the same one component.8.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims, wherein the conductor pattern (26) comprises a plurality of slots (262) circumferentially arranged around the brake disc (14) .9.The apparatus of any of claims 1-6, wherein the first sensing component (24) is formed as a separate component from the brake disc (14) and is fixed to the brake disc (14) .10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first sensing component (24) comprises a dielectric substrate and the conductor pattern (26) comprises a plurality of conductors formed on the dielectric substrate.11.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims, wherein the second sensing component (22) comprises a dielectric substrate and the sensor coil is formed on the dielectric substrate.12.A motor, comprisinga rotor;a shaft (32) fixed to the rotor; andan apparatus according to any of the preceding claims.13.The motor of claim 11, wherein the second sensing component (22) is fixed to an inner side of an end cover of the motor and is arranged between the first sensing component (24) and the end cover.14.The motor of claim 11 or 12, wherein the drive (12) is fixed to a housing of the motor enclosing the rotor.15.An industrial robot comprising a manipulator,wherein the manipulator comprises a plurality of joints at least one of which comprises the motor according to any of claims 12-14.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Position sensor
CN102223046A
Drive device having speed reducer with speed reducer housing, electromagnetically actuatable brake device and electric machine
CN116201827A
Drive assembly of an industrial truck with an electric motor and a spring-loaded braking device
EP3043454A2
Tile constructing method and apparatus for thereof
KR1020240041113A
Integrated drive apparatus and knee-type robot artificial leg
KR102073621B1