Electric machine and method for producing a laminated core of a stator or of a rotor for an electric machine

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric machine (1) comprising a rotor (2) and a stator (3), which are arranged concentrically to an axis of rotation (4) and can be adjusted relative to each other about the axis of rotation (4). The rotor (2) and / or the stator (3) has a laminated core (7) composed of axially stacked sheet layers (5, 6) with radially oriented teeth (8), which are adjacent to each other in a circumferential direction (9) around the axis of rotation (4) and delimit longitudinal slots (10) between one another in the circumferential direction (9), the longitudinal slots passing axially through the laminated core (7). The two outer sheet layers of the laminated core (7) are referred to as end sheet layers (5) and define axially opposing end faces (11) of the laminated core (7), and the sheet layers (6) of the laminated core (7) situated between the two end sheet layers (5) are referred to as intermediate sheet layers (6). The electric machine also comprises at least one energizable winding (12) which is made of an electrically conductive conductor wound around the teeth (8) of the laminated core (7).

Description

[0001] July 16, 2025

[0002] 1

[0003] Electrical machine and method for manufacturing a laminated core of a stator or a rotor for an electrical machine

[0004] The present invention relates to an electric machine according to the preamble of claim 1. The present invention relates in particular to methods for manufacturing a laminated core of a stator or a rotor for an electric machine.

[0005] An electric machine of the type mentioned above is known from US Patent 11,535,097 B2. It has a stator comprising a laminated core made of stacked layers of laminations. To cool a current-carrying winding arranged on the stator, the laminated core is provided with flowable cooling channels that penetrate axially through the core and open at axially outer layers of the core, known as end layers. These cooling channels have local constrictions at the transitions between the end layers and the layers supported by them, through which the coolant is sprayed onto the winding in a nozzle-like manner. Manufacturing the stator's laminated core is relatively complex, as different versions of the laminations must be provided to create these local constrictions.

[0006] The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved or at least more cost-effective embodiment of an electric machine compared to the known electric machine. Furthermore, at least one method for manufacturing a stator or a rotor for an electric machine is to be provided. 16.07.2025

[0007] 2

[0008] In the present invention, this problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.

[0009] The proposed electric machine comprises a rotor and a stator arranged concentrically around an axis of rotation and adjustable relative to each other about this axis. The rotor and / or stator has a laminated core consisting of axially stacked layers of laminations with radially oriented teeth. These teeth are adjacent to each other in a circumferential direction around the axis of rotation and are bounded in the circumferential direction by longitudinal grooves that penetrate axially through the laminated core. The two axially outermost layers of the laminated core are referred to as end layers. The layers of the laminated core located axially between these two end layers are referred to as intermediate layers.The electric machine further comprises at least one currentable winding formed from an electrically conductive conductor wound in several turns around the teeth of the laminated core, which has winding heads on axially opposite end faces of the laminated core. To ensure adequate cooling of the winding, particularly the winding heads, the laminated core also features cooling channels through which a coolant flows. These channels penetrate the laminated core axially and terminate at outlet openings on the axially opposite end faces of the laminated core.It is provided that the cooling channels in transition areas between the end sheet layers and the intermediate sheet layers supported by each end sheet layer have local constrictions, such that the coolant can be atomized by means of the constrictions and / or sprayed as a jet through the outlet openings onto the winding heads of at least one winding. (Date: July 16, 2025)

[0010] 3

[0011] End sheet layers and intermediate sheet layers each have openings for providing cooling channels. Furthermore, these layers are axially stacked such that the openings of the intermediate sheet layers are arranged axially above one another, and the openings of the end sheet layers and intermediate sheet layers overlap each other section by section, forming local constrictions. To enable cost-effective construction of the proposed electric machine, it is suggested that the end sheet layers and intermediate sheet layers—that is, all sheet layers of the laminated stack—are identical or at least substantially identical.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the two individual end sheet layers, which axially adjoin the intermediate sheet layers and together with them form the local constrictions, define the axially opposite end faces of the laminated core. However, it is also possible that further sheets adjoin the end sheet layer, so that the end sheet layer is, so to speak, multi-sheeted, and only the axially outermost of these sheets forms the end face of the rotor. In this case, the end sheet layer is understood below to be the sheet directly adjacent to the intermediate sheet layers and together with them forming the local constriction.

[0013] This allows all the sheet metal layers required to provide the laminated core to be produced using a single tool, such as a single stamping die. Consequently, fewer tools are needed to manufacture the laminated core than before, significantly reducing the manufacturing costs of the proposed electric machine. Furthermore, the local constrictions or nozzles are created by the sheet metal layers of the laminated core, thus further eliminating the need for additional components. (16.07.2025)

[0014] 4

[0015] The implementation of coolant atomization can be dispensed with. The term "essentially identical" used above is intended to mean that the end sheet layers and the intermediate sheet layers are identical to each other within a certain technical tolerance, resulting in particular from the chosen manufacturing process (e.g., stamping).

[0016] The coolant in question can suitably be an oil, a dielectric coolant, or an electrically non-conductive fluid.

[0017] To improve the proposed electric machine, it can be provided that the openings of the end plate layers each have first openings and second openings that differ from the first openings, wherein the openings of each end plate layer are arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction. The openings of the end plate layers can, for example, each be arranged on a circular or near-circular path. Furthermore, it is provided that the openings of the intermediate plate layers each have first openings and second openings that differ from the first openings, wherein the openings of each intermediate plate layer are arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction. The openings of the intermediate plate layers can, for example, each be arranged on a circular or near-circular path.To provide the cooling channels, the end sheet layers and the intermediate sheet layers are stacked axially on top of each other in such a way that the first openings of the intermediate sheet layers are arranged axially above one another and are aligned congruently or overlapping in sections, thereby forming the first cooling channels of the cooling channels. Furthermore, the second openings of the intermediate sheet layers are arranged axially above one another and are aligned congruently or overlapping in sections, thereby forming the second cooling channels of the cooling channels. 16.07.2025.

[0018] 5. Furthermore, the first openings of the end sheet layers and the second openings of the intermediate sheet layers are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned section by section, and in particular not congruently, to create first local constrictions. And furthermore, the second openings of the end sheet layers and the first openings of the intermediate sheet layers are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned section by section, and in particular not congruently, to create second local constrictions. This specifies an advantageous embodiment for the electric machine in which the aforementioned constrictions of the cooling channels at the transition areas between the end sheet layers and the intermediate sheet layers are created by aligning differently named openings of the end sheet layers and the intermediate sheet layers section by overlapping them.The end plate layers are arranged, for example, rotated circumferentially relative to the intermediate plate layers by a predetermined angle α around the axis of rotation. The angle α can correspond to the angle formed between two tooth centerlines of two teeth of the plate stack that are immediately adjacent to each other circumferentially. Alternatively, the angle α can correspond to the angle formed between two openings of the end plate layers that are immediately adjacent to each other circumferentially, or between two openings of the intermediate plate layers that are immediately adjacent to each other circumferentially. The angle α can be, for example, 45° or 60°. The angle α can correspond to the tooth pitch of the rotor, i.e., the angular distance between the longitudinal slots relative to the central axis, i.e., 360° divided by the number of longitudinal slots.

[0019] In the preferred embodiment, the alternating arrangement of the openings in the sheet metal layers can be an alternating sequence of two different opening contours, which differ in their shape, orientation and / or Z23097WQ

[0020] July 16, 2025

[0021] 6

[0022] (In addition to their angular spacing) they are distinguished from one another in their position, e.g., in a sequence ABABAB, etc. However, an alternating arrangement according to the present invention also includes other periodic sequences of circumferentially alternating opening shapes. In particular, three or more different opening contours can be provided (e.g., in a sequence ABCABC, etc.), or groups of several similar openings can alternate one another (e.g., AABBAABB, etc.). Furthermore, an opening according to the present invention could also have several non-contiguous partial openings. In addition, a sheet layer designed according to the invention could also have further openings without the properties of the invention. However, it is essential to the invention that the intermediate and end sheet layers are essentially identical and, for example,A local constriction at the overlap of the openings can be created by an angular offset and / or an opposing arrangement between an end sheet layer and the respective adjacent intermediate sheet layer, as described below.

[0023] Furthermore, to achieve the atomization of the coolant, it is advantageous if the first and second openings of the end sheet layers and the first and second openings of the intermediate sheet layers each have a cross-sectional area that is larger than the cross-sectional areas of the first constrictions and the cross-sectional areas of the second constrictions. This creates local constrictions that act as nozzle-like constrictions in the cooling channels, through which the coolant is atomized and sprayed onto the winding heads of at least one winding through the outlet openings. The cross-sectional areas of the constrictions are advantageously those areas located in the transition zones between the two end sheet layers and the intermediate sheet layers, between the axially stacked and partially overlapping layers. (16.07.2025)

[0024] The seven aligned openings of the end sheet layers and the openings of the intermediate sheet layers form the intersection surfaces. The larger cross-sectional area of ​​the first and second openings of the end and intermediate sheet layers is advantageous for cooling the sheet metal stack, as a larger cooled area is available, and for reducing pressure losses in the cooling channels.

[0025] Furthermore, it can be provided that the intermediate and end sheet layers are stacked on top of each other in the same direction. Alternatively, it can be provided that the intermediate sheet layers are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction and the end sheet layers are stacked on top of the intermediate sheet layers in the opposite direction. This makes it easy to align the openings of the end sheet layers and the openings of the intermediate sheet layers with a partial overlap to form the aforementioned constrictions.

[0026] The expression "stacked in the same direction" appropriately means that the intermediate layers each have a top and a bottom, and the end layers each have a top and a bottom, wherein, when stacking the layers in the same direction, opposite sides of the layers are supported against each other, for example, the top of one layer against the bottom of an adjacent layer. The expression "stacked in opposite directions" appropriately means that the intermediate layers each have a top and a bottom, and the end layers each have a top and a bottom, wherein, when stacking the layers in opposite directions, like sides of the layers are supported against each other, for example, the top of one layer against the top of an adjacent layer. 16.07.2025

[0027] 8

[0028] It can further be provided that the first openings of the end sheet layers have radially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours, the second openings of the end sheet layers have tangentially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours, the first openings of the intermediate sheet layers have radially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours, and the second openings of the intermediate sheet layers have tangentially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours. This results in different opening contours for the sheet layer openings, creating cooling channels of different shapes. This can improve the cooling of the stator or rotor. The aforementioned slot-shaped opening contours, regardless of whether they are radially or tangentially oriented, can be produced relatively inexpensively, for example, by stamping.

[0029] Alternatively, the first openings of the end sheet layers may have U-shaped or V-shaped opening contours, and the second openings of the end sheet layers may have slot-shaped opening contours oriented radially or tangentially with respect to the circumferential direction. The first openings of the intermediate sheet layers may have U-shaped or V-shaped opening contours, and the second openings of the intermediate sheet layers may have slot-shaped opening contours oriented radially or tangentially with respect to the circumferential direction. Advantageously, the legs of the U-shaped opening contours may be oriented radially or substantially radially. Furthermore, the two legs of a U-shaped or V-shaped opening contour may be connected to each other via a base of the respective opening contour, with the bases of the U-shaped or V-shaped opening contours pointing radially inward or radially outward.This includes embodiments of the proposed electric machine that are cost-effective and suitable for achieving improved cooling of the stator or rotor. 16.07.2025.

[0030] 9

[0031] Furthermore, it can be provided that the first openings of the end sheet layers have slot-shaped opening contours, each of which is angled with respect to a radial axis running through the axis of rotation and through a respective opening contour, and that the second openings of the end sheet layers have slot-shaped opening contours, each of which is angled with respect to a radial axis running through the axis of rotation and through a respective opening contour, wherein radially outwardly arranged ends of the slot-shaped opening contours of the first openings of the end sheet layers and radially outwardly arranged ends of the slot-shaped opening contours of the second openings of the end sheet layers are immediately adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction.In this sense, it may further be provided that the first openings of the intermediate sheet layers have slot-shaped opening contours, each of which is angled with respect to a radial axis running through the axis of rotation and through a respective opening contour, and that the second openings of the intermediate sheet layers have slot-shaped opening contours, each of which is angled with respect to a radial axis running through the axis of rotation and through a respective opening contour, wherein radially inner ends of the slot-shaped opening contours of the first openings of the intermediate sheet layers and radially inner ends of the slot-shaped opening contours of the second openings of the intermediate sheet layers are immediately adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction.

[0032] In a further embodiment of the invention, the openings of the end sheet layers can be identical, with the openings of each end sheet layer arranged successively in the circumferential direction. The openings of the end sheet layers can, for example, each be arranged on a circular path or a path similar to a circle. Furthermore, the openings of the intermediate sheet layers are identical. (July 16, 2025)

[0033] 10. The openings of each intermediate sheet layer are arranged successively in the circumferential direction. The openings of the intermediate sheet layers can, for example, each be arranged on a circular path or a path similar to a circle. It is provided that, to provide the cooling channels, the intermediate sheet layers are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction, with the openings of the intermediate sheet layers arranged axially one above the other and aligned congruently or overlapping section by section, and furthermore, the end sheet layers are stacked on top of the intermediate sheet layers in the opposite direction, with the openings of the end sheet layers and the openings of the intermediate sheet layers arranged axially one above the other and aligned overlapping section by section to create constrictions.This provides an advantageous embodiment for the electric machine in which the aforementioned constrictions of the cooling channels at the transition areas between the two end sheet layers and the intermediate sheet layers are created by stacking the end sheet layers on top of the intermediate sheet layers in opposite directions. The proposed electric machine is therefore comparatively inexpensive to build.

[0034] It can further be provided that the openings of the end sheet layers each have an opening contour and the openings of the intermediate sheet layers each have an opening contour, wherein the opening contours of the end sheet layers and the opening contours of the intermediate sheet layers are each designed asymmetrically with respect to a radial axis running through the axis of rotation and through a respective opening contour. This allows the end sheet layers to be stacked on top of the intermediate sheet layers in opposite directions and then relatively easily aligned section by section, overlapping each other to create constrictions.

[0035] Furthermore, it may be provided that the opening contours of the end sheet layers and the intermediate sheet layers are slot-shaped. The date 16.07.2025 applies.

[0036] The 11 slot-shaped opening contours of the end sheet layers and those of the intermediate sheet layers are angled relative to the respective radial axis. For example, an angle of 45° can be established between a respective radial axis and a slot-shaped opening contour.

[0037] Advantageously, the cooling channels, in particular the first cooling channels and / or the second cooling channels, may axially penetrate the laminated core at least partially in the region of the core teeth. Alternatively or additionally, the first cooling channels may be assigned to the first teeth of the laminated core, and the second cooling channels to the second teeth of the laminated core that are adjacent to the first teeth in the circumferential direction. This places the outlet openings of the cooling channels relatively close to the winding heads of the at least one winding. This allows the coolant to be preferably sprayed directly onto the winding heads of the at least one winding, resulting in efficient cooling of the winding heads. Furthermore, this arrangement of the cooling channels enables comparatively efficient cooling of the teeth of the laminated core.

[0038] Furthermore, it can be provided that the cooling channels, in particular the first cooling channels and / or the second cooling channels, axially penetrate the laminated core at least partially in the area of ​​a yoke of the laminated core. This ensures efficient cooling of the laminated core even in the area of ​​the yoke of the laminated core.

[0039] It may be advantageous to provide that the cooling channels, in particular the first cooling channels and / or the second cooling channels, have different channel cross-sections. This provides cooling channels of different sizes, thereby increasing the volume and / or mass flow rate of the fluid passing through the system on July 16, 2025.

[0040] 12

[0041] The flow of coolant can be specifically adjusted in the cooling channels.

[0042] According to a further fundamental concept of the invention, a method for manufacturing a laminated core for a stator or for a rotor of an electric machine, in particular the electric machine according to the preceding description, is proposed. In the context of the method, it is provided that in step 1) individual layers of laminated cores, each identical or at least substantially identical, are provided, for example, by means of a single punching tool, wherein the laminated cores each have first openings and second openings, different from the first openings, which are arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, in step 2) the provided laminated cores are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction to provide the laminated core.This is carried out in such a way that the first openings of the sheet metal layers of the sheet metal stack, subsequently referred to as intermediate sheet layers, are arranged axially one above the other and aligned congruently or overlapping section by section, thereby forming first cooling channels of the sheet metal stack, and the second openings of the intermediate sheet layers are arranged axially one above the other and aligned congruently or overlapping section by section, thereby forming second cooling channels.This is further implemented in such a way that the axially outer sheet layers of the sheet metal stack, which are hereinafter referred to as end sheet layers, are arranged rotated in the circumferential direction relative to the intermediate sheet layers by a predetermined angle α about the axis of rotation, so that the first openings of the end sheet layers and the second openings of the intermediate sheet layers are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned to create first constrictions by overlapping sections, as well as the second openings of the end sheet layers and the first openings of the intermediate sheet layers are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned to create second 16.07.2025.

[0043] 13

[0044] The constrictions are aligned in a section-by-section overlapping manner. In a further step 3), the end lamination layers and the intermediate lamination layers are fixed to one another, in particular by gluing, soldering, or welding. The constrictions are thus created by the fact that the first openings of the end lamination layers and the second openings of the intermediate lamination layers, as well as the second openings of the end lamination layers and the first openings of the intermediate lamination layers, overlap only section by section. The constrictions form, so to speak, integral nozzles on the lamination stack or on the cooling channels of the lamination stack, which atomize the coolant and provide it, for example, as coolant spray jets for cooling the winding heads of at least one winding. This describes an advantageous method by which a lamination stack of a stator or a rotor for an electric machine can be provided cost-effectively.This provides an overall advantageous method for manufacturing a sheet metal package.

[0045] According to a further fundamental concept of the invention, a further method for manufacturing a laminated core for a stator or for a rotor of an electric machine, in particular for the electric machine according to the preceding description, is proposed. In this further method, it is provided that in step 1, individual layers of laminated sheets, each identical or at least substantially identical, are produced, for example by means of a single punching tool, each having several identical openings arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction.Subsequently, in step 2), the sheet metal layers for the provision of the sheet metal package are stacked on top of each other in such a way that the sheet metal layers of the sheet metal package, subsequently referred to as intermediate sheet metal layers, are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction, with the openings of the intermediate sheet metal layers being arranged axially above each other and aligned congruently or overlapping section by section, 16.07.2025.

[0046] 14, thereby forming cooling channels of the lamination stack. Furthermore, the axially outer layers of the lamination stack, hereinafter referred to as end layers, are stacked in opposite directions onto the intermediate layers, with the openings of the end layers and the openings of the intermediate layers arranged axially one above the other and overlapping each other section by section to create constrictions. In step 3), the end layers and the intermediate layers are fixed to one another, in particular by gluing, soldering, or welding. This describes another advantageous method for manufacturing a lamination stack.

[0047] Further important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the drawings and the associated description of the figures based on the drawings.

[0048] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or on their own, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0049] Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description, wherein identical reference numerals refer to identical or similar or functionally identical components.

[0050] They show, schematically, each one

[0051] Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a section of a stator of an electrical machine according to a first embodiment, 16.07.2025

[0052] 15

[0053] Fig. 2 shows the stator from Fig. 1, but cut along a plane 11 shown in Fig. 1.

[0054] Fig. 3 again shows the stator from Fig. 1, but cut along a plane 11-11 shown in Fig. 1.

[0055] Fig. 4 shows a single sheet layer of the stator laminated core from Fig. 1 in a top view.

[0056] Fig. 5 shows a stator of an electrical machine according to a second embodiment in a perspective view; the stator is cut along a plane analogously to Fig. 2.

[0057] Fig. 6 shows a stator of an electrical machine according to a third embodiment in a perspective view; the stator is cut along a plane analogously to Fig. 2.

[0058] Fig. 7 shows the stator from Fig. 5 in a top view.

[0059] Fig. 8 shows the stator from Fig. 6 in a top view.

[0060] Fig. 9 shows a stator of an electrical machine according to a fourth embodiment in a perspective view; the stator is cut along a plane analogously to Fig. 2.

[0061] Fig. 10 shows the stator from Fig. 9 in a top view.

[0062] Fig. 11 shows a single sheet layer of the stator lamination stack from Fig. 9 in a top view, last updated on 16.07.2025.

[0063] 16

[0064] Fig. 12 shows a top view of a stator of an electrical machine according to a fifth embodiment.

[0065] Figures 1 to 12 show preferred embodiments of an electrical machine designated in its entirety by reference numeral 1, which has a rotor 2 and a stator 3, indicated only in Figure 1, wherein the rotor 2 and the stator 3 are arranged concentrically to an axis of rotation 4, indicated for clarity only in Figures 1 and 9 by a dashed line, and are adjustable relative to each other in a circumferential direction 9 about the axis of rotation 4, indicated by an arrow.

[0066] Figures 1 to 4 show the electric machine 1 according to a first embodiment. Figure 1 shows that the stator 3 has a laminated core 7, which is composed of several axially stacked layers of laminated cores 5, 6. For the sake of clarity, the two axially outermost layers 5 of the laminated core 7, which define the axially opposite end faces 11 of the laminated core 7, are referred to as end layers 5, and the remaining layers 6 of the laminated core 7, arranged axially between the two end layers 5, are referred to as intermediate layers 6. It should be noted that, for the sake of clarity, the intermediate layers 6 are not shown individually in Figures 1 to 12, but are symbolized by a single block. Nevertheless, the laminated core 7 has several individual intermediate layers 6.The laminated core 7 has radially inwardly oriented teeth 8, which are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction 9 and define longitudinal grooves 10 between them in the circumferential direction 9, open inwards towards the rotor 2, which axially penetrate the laminated core 7 completely. Furthermore, the electric machine 1 has at least one currentable element consisting of a wire wound in several turns around the teeth 8 of the 16.07.2025.

[0067] 17

[0068] A winding 12 is formed by a conductor guided in the laminated core 7 and has winding heads 13 on the axially opposite end faces 11 of the laminated core 7. The winding 12 and its winding heads 13 are shown here only by way of example on a single tooth 8 in Fig. 1.

[0069] Figures 1 to 4 further show that the laminated core 7 has several cooling channels 14, 15 through which a coolant can flow or already flows. These cooling channels extend axially completely through the laminated core 7 and open at the axially opposite end faces 11 of the laminated core 7, forming outlet openings 16. To ensure sufficient cooling for the winding heads 13 of the winding 12, the cooling channels 14, 15 are located in transition areas 34 between an end layer of laminations.

[0070] 5 and an intermediate sheet layer 6 supported on this end sheet layer 5 have local constrictions 27, 28 through which coolant is atomized and sprayed as a spray jet through the outlet openings 16 onto the winding heads 13 of at least one winding 12.

[0071] Furthermore, it is planned that the end sheet layers 5 and the intermediate sheet layers

[0072] 6 are identical or at least substantially identical in design and each has openings 17, 18, 19, 20 for providing the cooling channels 14, 15. To enable the cooling channels 14, 15 to be realized, the end sheet layers 5 and the intermediate sheet layers 6 are axially stacked on top of each other, such that the individual openings 19, 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are arranged axially one above the other, and the openings 17, 18 of the end sheet layers 5 and the openings 19, 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are arranged overlapping section by section, forming the local constrictions 27, 28. 16.07.2025

[0073] 18

[0074] Figures 1 to 4 show that the openings 17, 18 of the end sheet layers 5 each have first openings 17 and second openings 18, which differ from the first openings 17. The openings 17, 18 of each end sheet layer 5 are arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction 9. In this case, the first openings 17 of the end sheet layers 5 have radially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours 29, and the second openings 18 of the end sheet layers 5 have tangentially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours 30 with respect to the circumferential direction 9. Furthermore, the openings 19, 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 each have first openings 19 and second openings 20, which differ from the first openings 19. The openings 19, 20 of each intermediate sheet layer 6 are arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction 9.In the present case, the first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 have radially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours 29 and the second openings 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 have tangentially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours 30 with respect to the circumferential direction 9.

[0075] To provide the cooling channels 14, 15, the end sheet layers 5 and the intermediate sheet layers 6 are stacked axially on top of each other such that the first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned congruently or overlapping in sections, thereby forming the first cooling channels 14 of the cooling channels 14, 15. The channel cross-sections of the first cooling channels 14 are defined by the radially oriented slot-shaped opening contours 29 of the first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6. Furthermore, the second openings 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned congruently or overlapping in sections, thereby forming the second cooling channels 15 of the cooling channels 14, 15. The channel cross-sections of the second cooling channels 15 are defined by the tangentially with respect to the circumferential direction 9 16.07.2025

[0076] The first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are defined by their 19 aligned, slot-shaped opening contours. Furthermore, the first openings 17 of the end sheet layers 5 and the second openings 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned to create first local constrictions 27 by overlapping sections. In the same way, the second openings 18 of the end sheet layers 5 and the first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned to create second local constrictions 28 by overlapping sections, in particular not congruently.

[0077] In other words, in the first embodiment, all intermediate sheet layers 6 and the end sheet layers are arranged such that the intermediate sheet layers 6 are congruent (without angular offset about the axis of rotation), while the adjacent end sheet layers 5 are each rotated by an angle α about the axis of rotation. As a result, only identical opening contours 29, 30 abut each other within the sheet stack formed by the intermediate sheet layers 6, thus leaving the full cross-section of the cooling channels 14, 15 unobstructed. At the interface between the axially outermost intermediate sheet layers 6 and the respective adjacent end sheet layer 5, however, the two different opening contours 29, 30 always meet, so that only the overlaps of the two opening contours 29, 30 remain open as local constrictions 27, 28, forming the desired nozzles for the coolant outlet.

[0078] The second embodiment of the electric machine 1 according to Fig. 5 differs from the preceding, first embodiment in that the first openings 17 of the end sheet layers 5 have V-shaped opening contours 31 and the second openings 18 of the end sheet layers 5 have slot-shaped, radially oriented opening contours 29. Furthermore, the first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 have V-shaped opening contours 31 and the 16.07.2025

[0079] 20 second openings 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 slot-shaped, radially aligned opening contours 29.

[0080] The third embodiment of the electric machine 1 according to Fig. 6 differs from the preceding, first embodiment in that the first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 have U-shaped opening contours 31 and the second openings 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 have slot-shaped opening contours 29 oriented radially or tangentially with respect to the circumferential direction 9. The first openings 17 of the end sheet layers 5 have U-shaped opening contours 31 and the second openings 18 of the end sheet layers 5 have slot-shaped, radially oriented opening contours 29. Figs. 7 and 8 show the stator 3 from Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, respectively, in a top view.

[0081] Figures 9 to 11 show a further embodiment of the electric machine 1. The openings 17, 18, 19, 20 of the end sheet layers 5, 6 are identical, with the openings 17, 18 of each end sheet layer 5 arranged consecutively in the circumferential direction 9. Furthermore, the openings 19, 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are identical, with the openings 19, 20 of each intermediate sheet layer 6 arranged consecutively in the circumferential direction 9. To provide the cooling channels 14, 15, the intermediate sheet layers 6 are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction, with the openings 19, 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 arranged axially one above the other and aligned congruently or partially overlapping with each other.Furthermore, it is provided that the end sheet layers 5 are stacked oppositely or in opposite directions on the intermediate sheet layers 6, wherein the openings 17, 18 of the end sheet layers 5 and the openings 19, 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are arranged axially one above the other and overlap section by section to create constrictions 27, 28 16.07.2025.

[0082] 21 are aligned. It should also be mentioned that the first openings 17 of the end sheet layers 5 each have a slot-shaped opening contour 29a and the second openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 each have a slot-shaped opening contour 29b. The opening contours 29a, 29b of the openings 17, 18 of the end sheet layers 5 are each asymmetrically designed with respect to a radial axis 33 running through the axis of rotation 4 and through a respective opening contour 29a, 29b.

[0083] Figure 9 shows that the first openings 17 of the end sheet layers 5 have slot-shaped opening contours 29a, each of which is angled with respect to a radial axis 33 running through the axis of rotation 4 and through a respective opening contour 29a, and the second openings 18 of the end sheet layers 5 have slot-shaped opening contours 29b, each of which is angled with respect to a radial axis 33 running through the axis of rotation 4 and through a respective opening contour 29b. The radially outer ends of the slot-shaped opening contours 29a of the first openings 17 of the end sheet layers 5 and the radially outer ends of the slot-shaped opening contours 29b of the second openings 18 of the end sheet layers 5 are directly adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction 9.Furthermore, it can be seen that the first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 have slot-shaped opening contours 29c, each of which is angled with respect to a radial axis 33 running through the axis of rotation 4 and through a respective opening contour 29c, and the second openings 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 have slot-shaped opening contours 29d, each of which is angled with respect to a radial axis 33 running through the axis of rotation 4 and through a respective opening contour 29d, wherein radially inner ends of the slot-shaped opening contours 29c of the first openings 19 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 and radially inner ends of the slot-shaped opening contours 29d of the second openings 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 are shown in the 16.07.2025.

[0084] 22

[0085] The circumferential direction 9 is directly adjacent to each other. In Fig. 10, the arrangement from Fig. 9 is shown in a top view. In Fig. 11, a sheet layer 5, 6 of the stator lamination stack 7 from Fig. 9 is shown in a top view.

[0086] While in the fourth embodiment shown in Figures 9 and 10, an end plate 5 adjacent to the axially outer intermediate plate 6 in the opposite direction forms the local constriction 27, 28, the sheet shown in Figure 11 can also be used according to the invention in the manner of the first embodiment (Figures 1 to 4). For this purpose, all intermediate plates 6 and the end plates 5 are arranged in the same direction, with the intermediate plates being congruent, i.e., without angular offset, so that identical opening contours 29a and 29b always adjoin each other and the full cross-section of the opening contours is available as a cooling channel 17, 18. The end plates 5 are then arranged in the same direction, but rotated by the angle of one tooth pitch, i.e., by 360° divided by the number of longitudinal grooves 10 (or by any odd multiple thereof), on the axially outer intermediate plate 6. The local constrictions 27, 28 do not form as in the fourth embodiment (Fig.9 and 10) by an overlap of one of the opening contours 29a, 29b with its own mirror image, but as in the first embodiment (Figs. 1 to 4) by an overlap of an opening contour 29 with an adjacent, differently shaped opening contour 30.

[0087] Fig. 12 shows a top view of a stator 3 of an electric machine 1 according to a fifth embodiment. The first and second openings 17, 18 of the end lamination layers 5 and the first and second openings 19, 20 of the intermediate lamination layers 6 are identical and arranged successively in the circumferential direction 9. The openings 17, 18, 19, 20 of the end lamination layers 5 and the intermediate lamination layers 6 each have a slot-shaped opening contour 29e, 29f, 29g, 29h, each of which is defined with respect to a dimension defined by the axis of rotation 16.07.2025

[0088] 23

[0089] 4 and are tilted at the same angle along a radial axis 33 running through a respective opening contour 29e, 29f, 29g, 29h. The end sheet layers 5 are stacked oppositely on the intermediate sheet layers 6 to create constrictions 27, 28, with the openings 17, 18 of the end sheet layers 5 and the openings 19, 20 of the intermediate sheet layers 6 overlapping each other section by section.

[0090] In the preceding embodiments of Figures 1 to 12, it can be provided that the cooling channels 14, 15 axially penetrate the lamination stack 7 at least partially in the region of the teeth 8 of the lamination stack 7. Furthermore, one or at least every second cooling channel 14, 15 can axially penetrate the lamination stack 7 at least partially in the region of a yoke 32 of the lamination stack 7.

[0091] *****

Claims

July 16, 2025 24 Claims 1. Electric machine (1) - with a rotor (2) and a stator (3) arranged concentrically to an axis of rotation (4) and adjustable relative to each other about the axis of rotation (4), - wherein the rotor (2) and / or the stator (3) comprises a laminated core (7) made up of axially stacked lamination layers (5, 6) with radially oriented teeth (8) which are adjacent to each other in a circumferential direction (9) around the axis of rotation (4), which define longitudinal grooves (10) between them in the circumferential direction (9) and extend axially through the laminated core (7), and which has axially opposite end faces (11 ). - wherein the two axially outer sheet layers of the sheet stack (7) are referred to as end sheet layers (5), - wherein the sheet metal layers (6) of the sheet metal stack (7) arranged axially between the two end sheet metal layers (5) are referred to as intermediate sheet metal layers (6), - with at least one currentable winding (12) formed from an electrically conductive conductor guided in turns around the teeth (8) of the laminated core (7), which has winding heads (13) on the axially opposite end faces (11) of the laminated core (7), - wherein the laminated core (7) has cooling channels (14, 15) through which a coolant can flow or through which a coolant flows, which axially penetrate the laminated core (7) and which open out at the axially opposite end faces (11 ) of the laminated core (7) forming outlet openings (16), - wherein the cooling channels (14, 15) in transition areas (34) between the end sheet layers (5) and the intermediate sheet layers (6) form local constrictions (27, 28) July 16, 2025 25, such that the coolant can be sprayed or is sprayed as a spray jet through the outlet openings (16) onto the winding heads (13) of at least one winding (12) via the constrictions (27, 28), - wherein the end sheet layers (5) and the intermediate sheet layers (6) each have openings (17, 18, 19, 20) for providing the cooling channels (14, 15) and are axially stacked on top of each other for providing the cooling channels (14, 15) such that the openings (19, 20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially one above the other and the openings (17, 18) of the end sheet layers (5) and the openings (19, 20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged sectionally overlapping each other, forming the local constrictions (27, 28), characterized in that - the end sheet layers (5) and the intermediate sheet layers (6) are identical or at least substantially identical.

2. Electric machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that - the openings (17, 18) of the end sheet layers (5) each have first openings (17) and second openings (18) different from the first openings (17), wherein the openings (17, 18) of a respective end sheet layer (5) are arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction (9), - the openings (19, 20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) each have first openings (19) and second openings (20) different from the first openings (19), wherein the openings (19, 20) of a respective intermediate sheet layer (6) are arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction (9), - wherein, to provide the cooling channels (14, 15), the end sheet layers (5) and the intermediate sheet layers (6) are stacked axially on top of each other such that • the first openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) axially one above the other July 16, 2025 26 are arranged and aligned congruently or sectionally overlapping with each other, thereby forming first cooling channels (14) of the cooling channels (14, 15), • the second openings (20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially one above the other and aligned congruently with each other or overlapping section by section, thereby forming second cooling channels (15) of the cooling channels (14, 15), • the first openings (17) of the end sheet layers (5) and the second openings (20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned section by section overlapping to create first local constrictions (27), • the second openings (18) of the end sheet layers (5) and the first openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned section by section overlapping to create second local constrictions (28).

3. Electric machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the intermediate sheet layers (6) and the end sheet layers (5) are stacked on top of each other in the same direction, or - the intermediate sheet layers (6) are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction and the end sheet layers (5) are stacked on top of the intermediate sheet layers (6) in the opposite direction.

4. Electric machine (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that - the first openings (17) of the end sheet layers (5) radially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours (29) and the second openings (18) of the end sheet layers (5) tangentially oriented with respect to the circumferential direction (9), July 16, 2025 27 slot-shaped opening contours (30) have, - the first openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) have radially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours (29) and the second openings (20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) have tangentially oriented, slot-shaped opening contours (30) with respect to the circumferential direction (9).

5. Electric machine (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that - the first openings (17) of the end sheet layers (5) have u-shaped or v-shaped opening contours (31) and the second openings (18) of the end sheet layers (5) have slot-shaped opening contours (29) oriented radially or tangentially with respect to the circumferential direction (9), - the first openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) have u-shaped or v-shaped opening contours (31) and the second openings (20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) have slot-shaped opening contours (29) oriented radially or tangentially with respect to the circumferential direction (9).

6. Electric machine (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that - the first openings (17) of the end sheet layers (5) have slot-shaped opening contours (29a) which are each angled with respect to a radial axis (33) running through the axis of rotation (4) and through a respective opening contour (29a), and the second openings (18) of the end sheet layers (5) have slot-shaped opening contours (29b) which are each angled with respect to a radial axis (33) running through the axis of rotation (4) and through a respective opening contour (29b), wherein radially outwardly arranged ends of the slot-shaped opening contours (29a) of the first openings (17) of the end sheet layers (5) and radially outwardly arranged ends of the slot-shaped opening contours (29b) of the second July 16, 2025 28 The openings (18) of the end plate layers (5) are directly adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction (9), - the first openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) have slot-shaped opening contours (29c) which are each angled with respect to a radial axis (33) running through the axis of rotation (4) and through a respective opening contour (29c) and the second openings (20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) have slot-shaped opening contours (29d) which are each angled with respect to a radial axis (33) running through the axis of rotation (4) and through a respective opening contour (29d), wherein radially inner ends of the slot-shaped opening contours (29c) of the first openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) and radially inner ends of the slot-shaped opening contours (29d) of the second openings (20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are immediately adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction (9).

7. Electric machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that - the openings (17, 18) of the end sheet layers (5) are identical, wherein the openings (17, 18) of a respective end sheet layer (5) are arranged successively in the circumferential direction (9), - the openings (19, 20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are identical, wherein the openings (19, 20) of a respective intermediate sheet layer (6) are arranged successively in the circumferential direction (9), - where the provision of the cooling channels (14, 15): • the intermediate sheet layers (6) are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction, wherein the openings (19, 20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially above each other and are aligned congruently or sectionally overlapping with each other, • the end sheet layers (5) in opposite directions onto the intermediate sheet layers (6) July 16, 2025 29 are stacked, wherein the openings (17, 18) of the end sheet layers (5) and the openings (19, 20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned section by section overlapping to create constrictions (27).

8. Electric machine (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that - the openings (17, 18) of the end sheet layers (5) each have an opening contour (29a) and the openings (19, 20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) each have an opening contour (29b), wherein the opening contours (29a) of the end sheet layers (5) and the opening contours (29b) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are each asymmetrically designed with respect to a radial axis (33) running through the axis of rotation (4) and through a respective opening contour (29a, 29b).

9. Electric machine (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that - the opening contours (29a, 29b) of the end sheet layers (5) and the intermediate sheet layers (6) are designed in a slotted shape.

10. Electric machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the cooling channels (14, 15), in particular the first cooling channels (14) and / or the second cooling channels (15), penetrate axially at least sectionally in the area of ​​the teeth (8) of the sheet metal stack (7).

11. Electric machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the cooling channels (14, 15), in particular the first cooling channels (14) and / or the second cooling channels (15), the sheet metal stack (7) at least partially in the July 16, 2025 30 penetrate axially the area of ​​a yoke (32) of the sheet metal stack (7).

12. Electric machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the cooling channels (14, 15), in particular the first cooling channels (14) and / or the second cooling channels (15), have different channel cross-sections.

13. Method for manufacturing a laminated core (7) for a stator (2) or for a rotor (3) of an electric machine (1), in particular an electric machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps: 1) Providing individual sheet metal layers (5, 6) that are identical or at least substantially identical, wherein the sheet metal layers (5, 6) each have first openings (17, 19) and second openings (18, 20) that differ from the first openings (17, 19) and are arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction (9), 2) wherein the sheet layers (5, 6) are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction to provide the sheet metal package (7) such that • the first openings (19) of the sheet metal layers (5, 6) of the sheet metal stack (7), subsequently referred to as intermediate sheet metal layers (6), are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned congruently or sectionally overlapping with each other, thereby forming first cooling channels (14) of the sheet metal stack (7), • the second openings (20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially one above the other and aligned congruently with each other, thereby forming second cooling channels (15), • the axially outer sheet layers (5, 6) of the sheet stack (7), which are hereinafter referred to as end sheet layers (5), in the circumferential direction (9) relative to the intermediate sheet layers (6) by a predetermined angle α around the July 16, 2025 31 The axis of rotation (4) is arranged in a twisted manner, such that the first openings (17) of the end sheet layers (5) and the second openings (20) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned to create first constrictions (27) by overlapping sections, and the second openings (18) of the end sheet layers (5) and the first openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially one above the other and are aligned to create second constrictions (28) by overlapping sections, 3) wherein the end sheet layers (5) and the intermediate sheet layers (6) are fixed to each other, in particular by gluing, soldering or welding.

14. Method for manufacturing a laminated core (7) for a stator (2) or for a rotor (3) of an electric machine (1), in particular an electric machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps: 1) Providing individual sheet metal layers (5, 6) that are identical or at least substantially identical and each have several identical openings (17, 19) arranged successively in an alternating sequence in the circumferential direction (9), 2) wherein, to provide the sheet metal package (7), the sheet metal layers (5, 6) are stacked on top of each other such that • the sheet metal layers (5, 6) of the sheet metal stack (7), hereinafter referred to as intermediate sheet layers (6), are stacked axially on top of each other in the same direction, wherein the openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are arranged axially above one another and are aligned congruently with each other, thereby forming cooling channels (14) of the sheet metal stack (7), • the axially outer sheet layers (5, 6) of the sheet stack (7), which are hereinafter referred to as end sheet layers (5), are stacked oppositely on the intermediate sheet layers (6), wherein the openings (17) of the end sheet layers (5) and the openings (19) of the intermediate sheet layers (6) are axially July 16, 2025 32 are arranged one above the other and are aligned in a section-by-section overlapping manner to create constrictions (27), 3) wherein the end sheet layers (5) and the intermediate sheet layers (6) are fixed to each other, in particular by gluing, soldering or welding.

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