Laser machine tool and method for operating a laser machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser machine tool (1) for the laser machining of a workpiece (2), comprising a laser machining head (3) which is mounted in a receiving device (5) so as to be pivotable about an axis of rotation (4), wherein: an actuator (6) for pivoting the laser machining head (3) about the axis of rotation (4) by external force is arranged on the receiving device (5); the receiving device (5) comprises a collision protection device (7) which holds the laser machining head (3) deflectably, by means of clamping elements (9) and / or magnets (16), in a support plane (10) in a receiving flange (8) penetrated by the laser machining head (3), so that the laser machining head (3) held in the receiving flange (8) can be pivoted about the axis of rotation (4) by means of the actuator (6) and, in the event of a collision of the laser machining head (3), the laser machining head can be released from the receiving flange (8) of the collision protection device (7); when the laser machining head (3) is oriented vertically, the support plane (10) is below the axis of rotation (4) in the direction of gravity.

Description

[0001] 2024P00300WG - 1 -

[0002] Applicant:

[0003] TRUMPF Werkzeugmaschinen SE + Co. KG Johann-Maus-Str. 2

[0004] 71254 Ditzingen

[0005] Laser processing machine and method for operating a laser processing machine

[0006] The present invention relates to a laser processing machine for laser processing of a workpiece, comprising a laser processing head which is pivotably mounted about an axis of rotation in a holding device, and an actuator for pivoting the laser processing head about the axis of rotation by external force, which is arranged on the holding device. The invention further relates to a method for operating a laser processing machine.

[0007] A laser processing machine is a device, known in principle from the prior art, that uses a high-intensity laser beam to cut, weld, or engrave various materials. Such laser processing machines typically have a laser processing head responsible for focusing the laser beam, which is movable relative to the workpiece. In laser cutting, a laser processing head usually receives the laser beam from an external radiation source and modifies it so that it is suitable for cutting materials. During operation, the beam passes through at least one focusing optic (lens, lens group, or mirror), usually first a collimation optic (lens, lens group, or mirror) located in the laser processing head, which aligns the beam. Subsequently, a focusing optic focuses the beam onto the workpiece.Typically, at least one nozzle is also present, directing a cutting gas onto the cutting point to remove molten or vaporized material and to positively influence the reactions of the workpiece material at the cutting point. Such a laser processing head often also features a distance sensor that continuously adjusts the distance of the nozzle to the workpiece surface to ensure a constant focus position of the laser beam relative to the workpiece surface and optimal gas coupling into the cutting gap. At the exit side of the laser beam facing the workpiece, there is usually at least one protective glass that shields the internal components and optics of the laser processing head from emissions and spatter during the cutting process.Cooling is also often provided to ensure that the temperature of the laser processing head components remains within specified limits to avoid beam distortion or damage to the components.

[0008] 2D laser processing machines are known from the prior art that can cut not only perpendicular but also angled edges prepared for welding in, for example, a plate-shaped workpiece. To achieve this, it is necessary that the processing beam can be aligned not only perpendicularly but also at an angle of up to approximately 50° to the surface normal of the (planar) workpiece surface. For this purpose, it is known, for example, to rotate a first component of the processing head or the processing head as a whole about a first axis (A-axis) and a second component or the processing head about a second axis (B-axis) that is not parallel to the first. Different kinematic structures for realizing such a cutting head are described, for example, in EP 2 584 419 A2, US 8946583 B2, WO 2011 / 052093 A1, US 8395075 B2 or EP2 292 361 A1.

[0009] Since there is a risk during 2D laser cutting, especially angled cutting, that already cut parts in the residual grid may tilt and protrude beyond the workpiece surface, potentially colliding with the cutting nozzle or even the cutting head, it is advantageous to incorporate collision protection to safeguard the cutting head. This collision protection safeguards the cutting head and the machine's axes of movement from damage in the event of a collision. If a collision occurs with an object protruding above the workpiece surface, the collision protection is triggered, deflecting the cutting head out of the collision protection zone and thus removing it from the danger zone. The cutting head can be reset, for example, manually or using a suitable reset device within the machine.

[0010] A 2D laser cutting machine capable of cutting not only perpendicular to the workpiece surface but also at an angle of, for example, up to 50 degrees to the workpiece normal, comprises a laser processing head pivotably mounted on or within a holding device about at least a first axis of rotation (B-axis). The holding device is arranged on a support fixture that is displaceable in the Z-direction and may be pivotable about a second axis of rotation (A-axis) perpendicular to the first axis of rotation. The support fixture is displaceably mounted on the motion unit of the 2D laser machine in the Z-direction, the motion unit having two rails extending in the X-direction and a carrier extending in the Y-direction. This carrier is guided linearly displaceably in the X-direction on the rails and supports the holding fixture in the Y-direction.An actuator for pivoting the laser processing head around the first axis of rotation is mounted on the fixture. The laser processing head is connected to an optical fiber, through which the laser radiation from a stationary laser is guided to the laser processing head. The optical fiber, along with other supply lines, is arranged in a tubular energy chain. To securely hold the laser processing head in the predefined rotational position during movement in the XY plane, actuators with a high gear ratio are advantageously used for the rotational movement. However, this makes it more difficult for the drives to yield in the event of a collision; therefore, suitable and appropriately positioned collision protection is all the more important.

[0011] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a laser processing machine, in particular a laser cutting machine, with an improved collision protection device. It is further an object of the invention to realize an optimized method for operating a laser processing machine. 2024P00300WQ - 4 -

[0012] This problem is solved by a laser processing machine for laser processing of a workpiece, comprising a laser processing head which is pivotably mounted about an axis of rotation in a holding device, and an actuator for pivoting the laser processing head about the axis of rotation by external force, which is arranged on the holding device, wherein the holding device includes a collision protection device which holds the laser processing head in a receiving flange through which the laser processing head penetrates, deflectably in a support plane by means of clamping elements and / or magnets, so that the actuator can cause the laser processing head held in the receiving flange to pivot about the axis of rotation and, in the event of a collision of the laser processing head, it can be released from the receiving flange of the collision protection device.where, when the laser processing head is oriented vertically in the direction of gravity, the support plane is located below the axis of rotation.

[0013] This laser processing machine offers the advantage of a compact design that allows for large swivel angles of the processing head, encompassing both the mounting fixture and the laser processing head. Furthermore, the use of a collision protection device ensures that the laser processing head can be safely detached from the mounting flange in the event of a collision, thus preventing damage to the machine and the workpiece. The specific positioning of the support surface below the rotation axis of the laser processing head also offers several technical advantages. It allows for a small distance between the support surface and the rotation axis, minimizing the moments acting on the collision protection device when the laser processing head is swiveled.This helps to reduce mechanical stresses and improve the stability and precision of the entire system, and prevents unwanted triggering of the collision protection device.

[0014] A further advantage of the laser processing machine according to the invention is the inherently achievable zero backlash in the mounting of the laser processing head. Zero backlash in the axis bearing of, for example, a cutting head is crucial for the precision of the cutting process of 2024P00300WQ - 5. Backlash can lead to a number of problems during high-speed movements of the laser processing head, affecting both processing speed and processing quality. In particular, during rapid changes of direction, a lack of rigidity resulting from backlash can lead to a delayed movement of the laser beam relative to the programmed path, resulting in an uneven cut edge. With fine contours or complex cuts, this can cause the actual cutting line to deviate from the programmed path exactly.Furthermore, the presence of play can impair the dynamic positioning accuracy of the laser head, necessitating a reduction in positioning and cutting speed to achieve more precise cutting. This, however, would reduce the machine's productivity. The secure and backlash-free mounting of the cutting head in the mounting flange avoids this problem. This increases the precision of the cutting path and allows for higher processing speeds without compromising cut quality.

[0015] laser processing machine

[0016] For the purposes of this patent application, a laser processing machine is a laser processing system designed to process materials such as metals, plastics, or other materials by applying a focused laser beam, in particular to cut them. The laser processing machine comprises at least one laser beam source for generating a processing laser beam. This laser source provides the energy required to perform cutting tasks. The laser processing machine further comprises at least one laser processing head, in particular a laser processing head equipped with laser processing optics. These optics are responsible for focusing the laser beam onto the workpiece to enable precise cuts.The laser processing head also includes a nozzle holder and a nozzle, for example, one of the angled cutting nozzles described above, through which the laser beam and a process gas are directed onto the workpiece. Preferably, the nozzle holder includes a cooling device, which may, for example, contain a channel system for a cooling fluid (2024P00300WQ - 6). This cooling device can help to effectively dissipate the heat generated during the process and protect the nozzle holder and adjacent components from overheating. A coolant liquid or a cooling gas, which is circulated through the channel system, can serve as the cooling medium. The laser processing machine can be configured to process plate-shaped workpieces, such as sheets, or tubular workpieces.

[0017] Laser processing head

[0018] The laser processing head is a component of a laser processing machine responsible for focusing and aligning the laser beam onto the workpiece. The laser processing head consists of several technical components, for example, a housing, collimation optics, focusing optics, and a nozzle.

[0019] Preferably, the laser processing head has a weight of less than 10 kg, particularly preferably less than 5 kg.

[0020] Mechanical motion device

[0021] Preferably, the laser processing head is coupled to a mechanical motion device by means of which the laser processing head can be moved relative to a workpiece. It is particularly preferred that the mechanical motion device of the laser processing machine enables movement of the laser processing head in an X-axis and a Y-axis perpendicular to it. It may also be further preferred that the mechanical motion device enables movement, particularly linear movement, of the laser processing head along a Z-axis that runs perpendicular to the X-axis and / or Y-axis. For this purpose, a mechanical motion device may preferably have one or more linear guides, each of which is then aligned in one of the axial directions (X-, Y-, Z-axis).Advantageously, the mechanical motion device is operatively connected to at least one drive unit, by means of which an externally driven movement of the laser processing head can be effected through the kinematics predefined via the mechanical motion device. In this context, it is further preferred that each axis of movement of the mechanical 2024P00300WQ - 7 -.

[0022] The motion device has an individually assigned drive unit. It is preferred that a separate (X) drive unit is provided for moving the laser processing head along the X-axis, and / or a separate (Y) drive unit is provided for moving the laser processing head along the Y-axis, and / or a separate (Z) drive unit is provided for moving the laser processing head along the Z-axis, which enables a correspondingly precise and dynamic movement of the laser processing head relative to the workpiece.

[0023] Preferably, the laser processing head is coupled to the mechanical motion device via a receiving device for the laser processing head.

[0024] The drive units and the mechanical motion system are configured, for example, so that the laser processing head can be moved at speeds of up to 120 m / min along the X or Y axis. Furthermore, the drive units and the mechanical motion system are configured, for example, so that the laser processing head can be accelerated at up to 7 m / s². 2 It can be moved along the X or Y axis.

[0025] Recording device

[0026] The laser processing head is preferably mounted in a mounting device. The mounting device serves to support and position the laser processing head by enabling its fixation and movement about at least one defined axis of rotation. The mounting device is thus designed to precisely guide the rotations of the processing head while simultaneously maintaining the necessary rigidity to absorb the forces generated during its movement and to minimize vibrations. The mounting device particularly comprises a structural frame or housing designed to securely hold the laser processing head and allow it to move about at least one axis of rotation.The mounting device may also incorporate a guide and / or bearing, in particular a rolling or sliding bearing for the shaft(s) for the pivoting movement of the machining head, as well as the integration and / or connection of the components necessary for the movement and positioning of the head, such as actuators and sensors. Advantageously, the mounting device may be made of high-strength materials such as steel, aluminum, or composite materials to offer an optimal strength-to-weight ratio and improve machine dynamics. The mounting device may include modular elements or interchangeable components to allow for easy adaptation to different machining requirements or quick maintenance and repair.Configurations are also conceivable in which the receiving device has integrated cooling systems that dissipate the heat generated during laser processing in order to ensure thermal stability.

[0027] axis of rotation

[0028] For the purposes of this patent application, an axis of rotation is a geometric line around which a rotation of the laser processing head takes place and which defines the direction of the rotational movement.

[0029] The laser processing head can be pivoted about a first axis of rotation and preferably also about a second axis of rotation, preferably perpendicular to the first. The first axis of rotation is preferably arranged in a horizontal plane, while the second axis of rotation is advantageously located in a plane parallel to it or in the same horizontal plane. This allows the processing head multidimensional freedom of movement in space. The first axis of rotation enables the pivoting movement of the processing head preferably in the XZ plane, whereas the second axis of rotation preferably allows the pivoting movement in the YZ plane. The interaction of both axes of rotation makes it possible to control a complete spatial orientation of the laser processing head, so that the workpiece can be processed from any angular direction.Furthermore, it is preferred if the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation are aligned parallel to a plane of a workpiece support of the laser processing machine.

[0030] Actuator 2024P00300WQ - 9 -

[0031] For the purposes of this patent application, an actuator is a component of the laser processing machine that performs an externally driven movement of the laser processing head about at least one predefined axis and provides the drive energy required for the rotational movement. An actuator can be designed as an electric actuator, a hydraulic actuator, or a pneumatic actuator. An electric actuator preferably comprises an electric motor that is mechanically coupled to a shaft and supplies it with torque. This torque is converted into a rotational movement that enables the precise positioning of the laser processing head connected to the shaft. Preferred embodiments of the actuator can include not only simple electric motors but also servo motors, which, due to their precise controllability and feedback capabilities, enable particularly finely adjustable movement.These servo motors can be coupled with a gearbox that translates the motor's torque into a usable value, thus fine-tuning the movement of the laser processing head. A key aspect of the actuator's function is its ability to execute fast and precise movements under the control of a control unit. The control unit uses signals from the rotary angle sensors to precisely regulate and control the position of the laser processing head. Furthermore, actuator designs incorporating integrated measuring systems are conceivable. These measuring systems can detect positional or orientation deviations directly within the actuator, thereby further improving the accuracy of the motion control. In some configurations, the actuator can also be designed as a linear drive, generating linear movements that are then converted into rotational movements via suitable mechanisms. A solenoid is one example of this.

[0032] workpiece

[0033] In a laser processing process, the workpiece is the material or object from which parts are processed using a laser beam. It thus acts as a substrate, for example, for cutting or engraving operations. The workpiece absorbs the laser radiation emitted by the laser, causing a portion of the material to melt, vaporize, or be removed through a chemical reaction with the cutting gas in order to achieve the desired cut or engraving. For example, workpieces in the form of flat plates can be cut in laser processing systems.In principle, it is also conceivable that the workpiece has a cylindrical or profile-shaped basic form or a three-dimensional shape. It is further preferred that the workpiece is wholly or partially made of a material selected from a group comprising metal, in particular steel, aluminium, non-ferrous metal or titanium, plastic, wood or a composite material.

[0034] Collision protection device

[0035] For the purposes of this patent application, a collision protection device is a mechanism that holds the laser processing head in a mounting flange and reliably releases it in the event of a collision to prevent damage to the machine and the workpiece. This device ensures that the laser processing head is securely fixed during normal operation, but can deflect immediately in the event of a sudden force indicating an impending collision, in order to mitigate the impact.

[0036] The function of the collision protection device is therefore, in particular, to hold the laser processing head stably and precisely in the intended position while it moves around a rotary axis. In the event of a collision that exerts excessive force on the laser processing head, the device ensures that the laser processing head is released from the mounting flange, thereby immediately stopping the processing and preventing excessive force from being exerted on the laser processing head and the machine's motion unit.

[0037] The collision protection device comprises several essential components, including the mounting flange, which is an integral part of the device. The mounting flange securely holds the laser processing head, while at least two magnets and / or at least two clamping elements fix the laser processing head within the mounting flange and simultaneously allow it to be released in the event of a collision. 2024P00300WQ - 11 -

[0038] Preferably, the housing of the laser processing head comprises a circumferential support ring and the collision protection device includes at least three, advantageously four, clamping elements distributed equidistantly around the circumference of the laser processing head, which press against a conical circumferential surface of the support ring. These clamping elements, which are preferably designed as plungers, hold the laser processing head centrally in the mounting flange. The force transmission to the plungers can be effected by means of a spring and / or pneumatically and / or magnetically.

[0039] The ends of the plungers are preferably equipped with rollers that press against a conical upper surface of the mounting ring. This arrangement causes a force redirection that not only keeps the laser processing head centered but also presses it into the mounting flange, thereby ensuring contact between the mounting ring of the laser processing head and a bearing surface, in particular a support ring, of the mounting flange.

[0040] Alternatively or additionally, the collision protection device can have several magnets arranged in the mounting flange, particularly in the support plane, which hold the laser processing head in the mounting flange. In this case, the corresponding magnetic force would replace or supplement the clamping force of the clamping elements. The mounting ring can be made of ferromagnetic material or have magnetic sections for this purpose.

[0041] Another preferred component of the collision protection device is a sensor system integrated into the support ring. This preferably comprises inductive sensors that have a defined switching distance to the contact ring of the laser processing head. In the event of a collision that exerts excessive force on the laser processing head, the contact ring lifts away from the support ring, and the sensors detect the change in distance. This leads to an immediate stop of the processing to prevent damage to the machine components. 2024P00300WQ - 12 -

[0042] Mounting flange

[0043] For the purposes of this patent application, a receiving flange is a component of the collision protection device that holds the laser processing head and from which it can be detached in the event of a collision. The function of the receiving flange therefore consists, among other things, of holding the laser processing head in a fixed and precise position while it is moved about a rotational axis and / or translationally.

[0044] The mounting flange can have several components. First, the mounting flange can include an opening through which the laser processing head is guided. The mounting flange can surround the opening, and thus the laser processing head, with a closed contour, particularly annular or rectangular. Alternatively, the mounting flange can have an L- or U-shaped support surface for the laser processing head, allowing the laser processing head to be supported in the mounting flange on at least two or three sides of its housing.

[0045] Advantageously, the mounting flange can be connected to one or two shafts that are rotatably mounted in the mounting device, enabling precise and stable movement of the laser processing head around its axis of rotation. In the single-shaft design, a single shaft of the actuator is coupled to the mounting flange and mounted in the mounting device, allowing the actuator to pivot the mounting flange around the axis of rotation of the laser processing head via this mounted shaft. The connection of the shaft(s) to the mounting flange can be achieved, for example, by screw connections, dowel pins, or other mechanical fastening methods.

[0046] In the twin-shaft design, two axially parallel shafts are mounted on opposite sides of the mounting flange. These shafts are also mounted in bearings integrated into the mounting device. The twin-shaft configuration offers additional stability and a more even distribution of the load. This is particularly advantageous for larger or heavier laser processing heads, as the forces and moments that occur during processing are better absorbed and distributed.

[0047] Regarding the design of the mounting flange, various materials and constructions are conceivable. Advantageously, the flange can be manufactured from metal alloys, including stainless steel or aluminum. Alternatively, versions made of high-strength plastic or composite materials are also possible, which reduce weight while still offering sufficient stability.

[0048] The mounting flange can be designed either as a single component or in a modular design. In a modular design, the flange can consist of several bolted or otherwise connected segments, which simplifies maintenance and replacement of individual components.

[0049] Clamping elements

[0050] For the purposes of this patent application, a clamping element is a component of the collision protection device that serves to securely hold the laser processing head in the receiving flange and to release it in the event of a collision.

[0051] Advantageously, the clamping elements exert a uniform clamping force on the mounting ring of the laser processing head. In the event of a collision, the clamping element ensures that the laser processing head is released quickly and reliably to prevent damage to the machine and the workpiece.

[0052] The clamping element can comprise several components. First, the clamping element can have a pressure-exerting part, preferably designed as a plunger. This plunger is designed to press against a preferably conical circumferential surface of the mounting ring of the laser processing head. The clamping force is preferably generated pneumatically, by a spring, a magnet, or a combination of these elements.

[0053] Advantageously, a roller is attached to the end of the plunger. This roller enables low-friction force transmission to the preferably conical surface of the mounting ring, thereby distributing the clamping force efficiently and evenly. This arrangement not only achieves a centric fixation of the laser processing head, but also an additional axial holding force that presses the laser processing head into the mounting flange.

[0054] The clamping element can be designed either as a single component or in a modular design. In the modular design, the clamping element can consist of several screwed or otherwise connected segments, which facilitates maintenance and replacement of individual components.

[0055] Investment ring

[0056] For the purposes of this patent application, a mounting ring is a component that is monolithically formed with the housing of the laser processing head or attached to the laser processing head and serves to position and hold the laser processing head in the receiving flange.

[0057] Preferably, the mounting ring forms, on the one hand, the contact surface between the laser processing head and the receiving flange and, on the other hand, serves as a contact surface for the clamping elements.

[0058] The function of the retaining ring is therefore primarily to create a secure and releasable connection between the laser processing head and the mounting flange. In the event of a collision, the retaining ring lifts off the support ring of the mounting flange, thereby releasing the laser processing head.

[0059] The retaining ring preferably has a conical circumferential surface against which the clamping elements of the mounting flange press. This conical shape ensures a uniform distribution of the clamping forces and helps to hold the laser processing head centrally in the mounting flange. The retaining ring can be designed as a separate component that is fixed to the laser processing head, in particular by means of a screw connection. This allows for easy assembly and disassembly of the retaining ring and facilitates maintenance and repair work. However, it is also conceivable that the 2024P00300WQ - 15 -

[0060] The mounting ring is manufactured in one piece, especially monolithically, using the laser processing head.

[0061] The mounting ring can have a smooth or textured surface, depending on the specific requirements for friction properties and clamping force transmission. A textured surface, for example, can improve the adhesion between the mounting ring and the clamping elements, thus increasing the stability of the laser processing head in the mounting flange.

[0062] Support ring

[0063] For the purposes of this patent application, the support ring is a component of the collision protection device that serves to mount and secure the laser processing head in and / or on the mounting flange. The support ring thus forms a mechanical interface between the laser processing head and the mounting flange. The contact ring of the laser processing head rests on the support ring of the mounting flange. The support ring can be formed monolithically with the mounting flange or as a separate component, which is connected to the mounting flange, for example, via a screw connection.

[0064] support level

[0065] For the purposes of this patent application, a support plane is the surface within the receiving flange on which the laser processing head is mounted and held. Preferably, the support plane is the contact surface of the support ring, facing against the direction of gravity when the processing head is oriented vertically, against which the laser processing head rests.

[0066] Advantageous embodiments of the invention

[0067] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the axis of rotation of the laser processing head can be arranged to run parallel to its support plane. This parallel alignment reduces the forces and moments acting on the collision protection mechanism, thereby increasing the stability and reliability of the entire laser processing machine. 2024P00300WQ - 16 -

[0068] Furthermore, the distance between the support surface and the axis of rotation can be between 75 mm and 90 mm. Such a distance ensures that the center of gravity of the laser processing head can be located close to the axis of rotation, thereby minimizing moments of inertia during acceleration and deceleration. This enables a compact design of the angled cutting kinematics and reduces the drive power required for rotating the laser processing head around the axis of rotation.

[0069] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the center of gravity of the laser processing head can also be located in the support plane. Arranging the center of gravity of the laser processing head in the support plane achieves a significant advantage: the moments of inertia acting on the collision protection mechanism are minimized. This arrangement enables a compact design of the mechanical components and improves the handling of the laser processing head, as stability and precision during processing are increased.

[0070] Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the actuator for the pivoting movement of the laser processing head can be coupled to the mounting flange. In this way, the actuator can cause the mounting flange to pivot about the axis of rotation. The movement of the mounting flange about the axis of rotation also pivots the laser processing head held in the mounting flange about the same axis of rotation. Thus, the actuator does not act directly on the laser processing head.

[0071] This design has the advantage that no connection to the actuator needs to be disconnected when replacing the processing head. The laser processing head can be easily removed from or inserted into the mounting flange by simply releasing the clamping elements.

[0072] Furthermore, according to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the laser processing head may have a mounting ring with which the laser processing head is supported on a bearing ring of the receiving flange and held in the receiving flange. This ensures stable support and centric positioning of the 2024P00300WQ - 17 -

[0073] The laser processing head is mounted in the mounting flange. Precise alignment and fixation of the laser processing head ensures high accuracy during laser processing, thus improving the quality of the processed workpieces.

[0074] According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the mounting ring can be designed as a separate component and fixed to the laser processing head, in particular by means of a screw connection. This allows for easy assembly and disassembly of the mounting ring, which significantly simplifies the replacement and maintenance of the laser processing head. The use of screw connections increases the stability and security of the fixation, thereby improving the precision and reliability of the laser processing.

[0075] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the collision protection device may also comprise at least three, and in particular four, clamping elements distributed equidistantly around the circumference of the laser processing head. These clamping elements press against a conical circumferential surface of the mounting ring, thereby holding the laser processing head in the mounting flange. The use of at least three, and in particular four, clamping elements distributed equidistantly around the circumference of the laser processing head ensures a uniform force distribution on the laser processing head. This results in a centric and stable mounting of the laser processing head in the mounting flange, which increases the precision and quality of the laser processing. The clamping elements press against a conical circumferential surface of the mounting ring, thereby holding the laser processing head securely and firmly.This design minimizes the risk of vibrations and unwanted movements during the machining process.

[0076] It can also be advantageous to further develop the invention such that the clamping elements can be acted upon by a spring and / or an externally driven piston and / or a magnet, wherein, in the case of a combination, the elements act in the same direction. This increases the operational safety and reliability of the laser processing machine. 2024P00300WQ - 18 -

[0077] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the mounting ring may have a conical circumferential surface, and the clamping elements may have rollers via which a clamping force acting radially to the longitudinal extent of the laser processing head is redirected into a force acting on the conical mounting ring perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the laser processing head and towards the workpiece. This enables effective and uniform force transmission to the conical mounting ring, thereby not only holding the laser processing head centrally but also pressing it into the mounting flange. This force redirection increases the stability and precision of the laser processing head mounting and improves the quality of the laser processing.

[0078] Finally, the invention can also be advantageously implemented such that the collision protection device in the mounting flange comprises at least one sensor, in particular an inductive sensor, which detects any deflection of the laser processing head relative to the mounting flange. This sensor technology enables early detection of collisions, allowing the machine to be stopped immediately and preventing damage to the laser processing head and the workpiece. The inductive sensors operate reliably and precisely, which increases the operational safety and efficiency of the laser processing machine.

[0079] It is also conceivable that the collision protection device is configured so that the laser processing head is deflected relative to the mounting flange when a trigger force acting perpendicular to the beam axis generates a torque of at least 20 Nm. This ensures that the laser processing head is not deflected by minor external influences, such as the energy chain. This setting enables high operational reliability and prevents unnecessary interruptions of the processing process. At the same time, the laser processing head is reliably deflected in the event of actual collisions to prevent damage. 2024P00300WQ - 19 -

[0080] Furthermore, it may be preferable for the mounting device to comprise a U-shaped holding element, with the mounting flange supported on one free leg of the U-shaped holding element, or an L-shaped holding element, with the mounting flange supported on the free leg of the L-shaped holding element. These designs enable a stable and compact construction of the laser processing machine, which simultaneously offers easy access for maintenance and servicing. In particular, a U-shaped design of the holding element achieves a uniform distribution of loads and forces, which increases the stability and precision of the machine.

[0081] The object of the invention can also be achieved by a method for operating a laser processing machine according to the invention for laser processing a workpiece according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the movement of the laser processing head is stopped when the laser processing head is released from the collision protection device. This increases operational safety, since in the event of a collision the laser processing head stops immediately, thus preventing damage to the machine and the workpiece. The immediate interruption of the movement ensures a rapid response and increases operational safety.

[0082] In this context, it may also be preferable that movement of the laser processing head can only be resumed once the laser processing head is fully inserted and held in the mounting flange. This ensures that the laser processing head is only put into operation when it is securely and correctly positioned, thus increasing the safety of the processing operation. This measure also reduces the risk of operator error.

[0083] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures, without limiting the general concept of the invention.

[0084] It shows:

[0085] Figure 1 shows a laser processing system in a perspective view, 2024P00300WQ - 20 -

[0086] Figure 2 shows a laser processing head in a perspective view.

[0087] Figure 3 shows a receiving flange in a receiving device in a perspective view.

[0088] Figure 4 shows a collision protection device in a longitudinal section view.

[0089] Figure 1 shows a laser processing machine 1 with a beam source 38 configured as an example of a solid-state laser. Alternatively, the beam source 38 could also be, for example, a CO2 laser or a diode laser. The laser processing machine 1 is designed as a laser cutting machine and further comprises a movable laser cutting head and a (stationary) workpiece support 39 on which a workpiece 2 is arranged. A laser beam 37 is generated in the beam source 38 and guided from the beam source 38 to the laser processing head 3 by means of mirrors or an optical fiber. The laser beam 37 is directed onto the workpiece 2 by means of a focusing optic arranged in the laser processing head 3. The laser processing machine 1 is connected to a gas supply unit 41. The gas supply unit 41 provides, in particular, the process gas.

[0090] The laser processing machine 1 also has a machine control 30, which is programmed to move the laser processing head 3 according to a cutting contour relative to the workpiece 2, which is stationary here by way of example. The machine control 30 also controls the power of the beam source 38 during the execution of the cutting process.

[0091] As can be seen in Figure 1, the laser processing head 3 of the laser processing machine 1 is arranged on a mechanical motion device which has two rails extending in the X direction and a support extending in the Y direction, which is linearly displaceable in the X direction on the 2024P00300WQ - 21 -

[0092] The laser processing head 3 is guided by rails. It can be moved along the support in the Y direction. Additionally, it is possible for the laser processing head 3 to be mounted so that it can be moved relative to the support in the Z direction, i.e., adjusted for height.

[0093] Figure 2 shows the laser processing head 3, already known from Figure 1, which is pivotably mounted in a mounting device 5 about a first axis of rotation 4 and a second axis of rotation 40. An actuator 6 is arranged on the mounting device 5 for pivoting the laser processing head 3 about the axis of rotation 4 by external force. The optical fiber for the laser beam 37 is arranged together with other supply lines in a tubular energy chain.

[0094] As can now be clearly seen from Figures 3 and 4, the receiving device 5 also includes a collision protection device 7, which holds the laser processing head 3 in a receiving flange 8 through which the laser processing head 3 passes by means of clamping elements 9 in a support plane 10, so that the laser processing head 3 held in the receiving flange 8 can be pivoted about the axis of rotation 4 by the actuator 6 via the receiving flange 8 coupled to the drive shaft of the actuator 6 and in the event of a collision of the laser processing head 3 it can be released from the receiving flange 8 of the collision protection device 7.

[0095] Figure 3 clearly shows that the receiving flange 8 is pivotably mounted about the axis 4 in an egg-shaped retaining element 5a of the receiving device 5. The U-shaped retaining element 5a comprises a bearing 21, 22 of the receiving flange 8 on each of its free legs 23, 24. The actuator 6 is located on leg 23 and a locking unit 25 on the opposite leg 24. The locking unit 25 mechanically fixes the rotational position of the receiving flange 8 relative to the retaining element 5a, thus reducing oscillations and vibrations in the area of ​​the laser processing head 3's bearing during its movement. 2024P00300WQ - 22 -

[0096] The receiving flange 8 has a circular wall section 14 extending longitudinally parallel to the laser processing head 3, from which the rollers 18 of the clamping elements 9 extend radially inwards. The receiving flange 8 also has the circular opening 26, which is penetrated by a cylindrical section of the laser processing head 3, as can be seen in Figure 4.

[0097] In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the support surface 10 for the laser processing head 3 is arranged below the axis of rotation 4 when the laser processing head 3 is oriented vertically in the direction of gravity. The distance 20 between the support surface 10 and the axis of rotation 4 is between 75 mm and 90 mm, and the center of gravity 11 of the laser processing head 3 lies in the support surface 10. Furthermore, the axis of rotation 4 of the laser processing head 3 runs parallel to its support surface 10.

[0098] The laser processing head 3 also has a mounting ring 12, by which the laser processing head 3 is mounted on a support ring 13 of the receiving flange 8 and held in the receiving flange 8. The mounting ring 12 is designed as a separate component that is connected to the laser processing head 3 by means of a screw connection. In the illustrated embodiment, the support ring 13 is also designed as a separate component and is fixed to the receiving flange 8 by means of a screw connection. Accordingly, the mounting ring 12 has an outer diameter that is larger than the inner diameter of the support ring 13.

[0099] The receiving flange 8 and the laser processing head 3 are designed such that the laser processing head 3 can be inserted into the receiving flange 8 from the direction of gravity – i.e., from top to bottom in the figures. The retaining ring 12, with its corresponding ramp-shaped contact surface, then presses the clamping elements 9 radially outwards. As the laser processing head 3 is further inserted into the receiving flange 8 in the direction of gravity, the clamping elements 9 are moved radially inwards again and bear against the conical circumferential surface 17 of the retaining ring 12. In cross-section, the retaining ring 12 thus has a wedge-shaped outer contour with a [2024P00300WQ - 23 -]

[0100] The clamping elements 9 are arranged in a ramp-shaped contact surface pointing in the direction of gravity and in a conical circumferential surface 17 pointing in the opposite direction of gravity, which allows the clamping elements 9 to "snap" onto the contact ring 12. This has proven to be particularly easy and safe to assemble.

[0101] The collision protection device 7 has four clamping elements 9 distributed equidistantly around the circumference of the laser processing head 3. These clamping elements press against the conical circumferential surface 17 of the support ring 12, thus holding the laser processing head 3 in the mounting flange 8. The clamping elements 9 are subjected to force by a spring 15. The conical circumferential surface 17 thus centers the laser processing head 3 in the mounting flange 8 and simultaneously presses it against the support ring 12, enabling precise and secure releasable fixing of the laser processing head 3 in the mounting flange 8.

[0102] The mounting ring 12 thus has a conical circumferential surface 17, and the clamping elements 9 have rollers 18 via which a pressing force of the spring 15, acting radially to the longitudinal extent of the laser processing head 3, is redirected into a force acting on the conical mounting ring 12, directed perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the laser processing head 3 and to the workpiece 2. This ensures a backlash-free mounting of the laser processing head 3 in the receiving flange 8.

[0103] To measure the release of the laser processing head 3 from the mounting flange 8 in the event of a collision, the collision protection device 7 has at least one sensor 19, in particular an inductive sensor 19, which detects a deflection of the laser processing head 3 relative to the mounting flange 8. The sensor 19 is connected to the machine control 30, and the machine control 30 is configured such that when a sensor signal representing a release of the laser processing head 3 is present, the movement of the laser processing head 3 is stopped. The movement of the laser processing head 3 is only released again by the machine control 30 when the laser processing head 3 is fully inserted and held in the mounting flange 8 and the sensor 19 transmits a corresponding sensor signal to the machine control 30.

[0104] Following the assembly of the collision protection device 7, its operation will be explained in more detail below. The laser processing head 3 is inserted into the mounting flange 8 and held in place by clamping elements 9 of the collision protection device 7, allowing it to deflect within the mounting flange 8. The actuator 6 allows the mounting flange 8 to be rotated about the axis of rotation 4, which in turn causes the laser processing head 3 to rotate about this axis of rotation 4. The clamping force of the clamping elements 9 is dimensioned such that the laser processing head 3 remains securely held in the mounting flange 8 even during its rotational movement.

[0105] As mentioned above, the collision protection device 7 has four clamping elements 9, which are shaped like plungers and are evenly distributed around the circumference of the mounting flange 8. The four clamping elements 9 press against a retaining ring 12 of the laser processing head 3, thus holding the laser processing head 3 in the mounting flange 8. Two clamping elements 9 are positioned opposite each other to counterbalance the clamping force and thus keep the laser processing head 3 centered in the mounting flange 8. The force is applied to the clamping elements 9 by a spring 15. The spring force is sufficient to prevent deflection of the laser processing head 3 except in the event of a collision, and sufficient to allow the laser processing head 3 to be removed and inserted into the mounting flange 8.Rollers 18, each attached to the end of a clamping element 9, press against the conical contact surface of the support ring 12 on the laser processing head 3. This force redirection in the beam direction not only holds the laser processing head 3 centrally, but also presses it into the receiving flange 8, thus ensuring secure contact between the support ring 12 of the laser processing head 3 and the bearing ring 13 of the receiving flange 8.

[0106] A sensor array is arranged in the support ring 13, which, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, comprises several inductive sensors 19 that have a defined switching distance to the contact ring 12 of the laser processing head 3 2024P00300WG - 25 -. If a collision occurs between the laser processing head 3 and an object that exceeds the contact force of the clamping elements 9, the laser processing head 3 deflects, and the contact ring 12 lifts off the support ring 13. The distance between the contact ring 12 of the laser processing head 3 and the inductive sensors 19 in the support ring 13 increases, and if the switching distance is exceeded, a collision is detected, which triggers a corresponding sensor signal that is transmitted to the machine control 30, causing the laser processing machine 1 to stop processing.

[0107] To prevent deflection of the laser processing head 3 from being triggered, for example, by the energy chain exerting a torque on the laser processing head 3 when swiveling the laser processing head 3, the trigger torque of the collision protection device 7 must be at least 20 Nm and preferably 30 Nm + / - 8 Nm.

[0108] Alternatively or additionally, the laser processing head 3 could also be held magnetically in the mounting flange 8 by several magnets 16 arranged in the support ring 13. The corresponding magnetic force would then replace or supplement the clamping force of the clamping elements 9. The support ring 12 could be made of ferromagnetic material or also have magnets.

[0109] The position of the mounting ring 12 of the laser processing head 3 and the position of the support ring 13 of the collision protection device 7 are deliberately chosen to be very close to the center of gravity 11 of the laser processing head 3. Ideally, the support plane 10 of the laser processing head 3 lies exactly at the center of gravity 11 of the laser processing head 3 in the mounting flange 8, as also shown in Figure 4, since this minimizes the moments of inertia acting on the collision protection device 7 during acceleration and deceleration as a result of the axis movements. This also means that the mechanical components of the collision protection device 7 can be designed to be as compact as possible. 2024P00300WQ - 26 -

[0110] The distance between the collision protection device 7 and the axis of rotation 4 of the laser processing head 3 is also chosen to be as small as possible in order to minimize the moments acting on the collision protection device 7 when the laser processing head 3 pivots and also to enable a compact design of the entire angled cutting device. Therefore, the collision protection device 7 is arranged below the axis of rotation 4 of the laser processing head 3, and the separation plane between the support ring 13 and the contact ring 12, which separate from each other in the event of a collision, runs parallel to the axis of rotation 4. This arrangement allows for large pivot angles of the laser processing head 3 and a uniform distribution of the torques acting on the collision protection device 7, while maintaining a compact design.

[0111] The distance 20 between the support surface 10 of the laser processing head 3 in the mounting flange 8 and the axis of rotation 4 should be between 75 mm and 90 mm, in particular between 78 mm and 88 mm. This ensures that the distance of the center of gravity 11 of the laser processing head 3 from the axis of rotation 4 is small enough to allow for a compact design of the angled cutting kinematics, so that the drive for the rotation of the laser processing head 3 about the axis 4 can be dimensioned as small as possible.

[0112] The collision protection device 7 is designed so that the laser processing head 3 can be easily inserted into and replaced in the mounting flange 8 during assembly and servicing without having to remove any interfering components beforehand. In the event of servicing, the laser processing head 3 can be easily removed from the mounting flange 8 by simply pulling it off against the direction of gravity. Only the cables and hoses need to be disconnected from the couplings of the laser processing head 3. These are then reconnected to the couplings of the new laser processing head 3, and the new laser processing head 3 can be inserted into the mounting flange 8 without tools.

[0113] The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the figures. The foregoing description is therefore not to be regarded as limiting, 2024P00300WQ - 27 - but as explanatory. The following claims are to be understood as meaning that a named feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not preclude the presence of further features. Insofar as the claims and the foregoing description define 'first' and 'second' features, this designation serves to distinguish between two similar features without establishing a hierarchy.

[0114] 2024P00300WQ - 28 -

[0115] List of reference signs

[0116] 1 laser processing machine

[0117] 2 workpieces

[0118] 3 laser processing heads

[0119] 4 axis of rotation

[0120] 5 Recording device

[0121] 5a Holding element

[0122] 6 Actuator

[0123] 7 Collision protection device

[0124] 8 Mounting flange

[0125] 9 clamping elements

[0126] 10th printing level

[0127] 11 Focus

[0128] 12 Investment ring

[0129] 13 Support ring

[0130] 14 Wall section

[0131] 15 springs

[0132] 16 Magnet

[0133] 17 Circumferential area

[0134] 18 rolls

[0135] 19 Sensor

[0136] 20 distance

[0137] 21 Storage

[0138] 22 Storage

[0139] 23 thighs

[0140] 24 thighs

[0141] 25 locking unit

[0142] 26 Opening

[0143] 30 Machine control

[0144] 37 Laser beam

[0145] 38 Beam source 2024P00300WQ -29-

[0146] 39 workpiece support

[0147] 40 Rotary axis

[0148] 41 Gas supply facility

Claims

2024P00300WQ - 30 - Claims 1. Laser processing machine (1) for laser processing of a workpiece (2) comprising a laser processing head (3) which is pivotably mounted about an axis of rotation (4) in a receiving device (5), and an actuator (6) for pivoting the laser processing head (3) about the axis of rotation (4) by external force, which is arranged on the receiving device (5), characterized in that the receiving device (5) comprises a collision protection device (7) which holds the laser processing head (3) in a receiving flange (8) through which the laser processing head (3) extends by means of clamping elements (9) and / or magnets (16) so that it can be deflected in a support plane (10), such that the actuator (6) can cause the laser processing head (3) held in the receiving flange (8) to pivot about the axis of rotation (4) and in the event of a collision of the laser processing head (3) the laser processing head (3) is displaced from the receiving flange (8) by the collision protection device (7). is solvable,wherein the support plane (10) is arranged below the axis of rotation (4) when the laser processing head (3) is oriented vertically in the direction of gravity.

2. Laser processing machine (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation (4) of the laser processing head (3) runs parallel to its support plane (10).

3. Laser processing machine (1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance (20) between the support plane (10) and the axis of rotation (4) is between 75 mm and 90 mm. 2024P00300WQ - 31 - 4. Laser processing machine (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the center of gravity (11 ) of the laser processing head (3) lies in the support plane (10).

5. Laser processing machine (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator (6) is coupled to the receiving flange (8) and the actuator (6) is capable of pivoting the receiving flange (8) about the axis of rotation (4) in order to cause the laser processing head (3) held in the receiving flange (8) to pivot about the axis of rotation (4).

6. Laser processing machine (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser processing head (3) has a support ring (12) with which the laser processing head (3) is mounted on a support ring (13) of the receiving flange (8) and held in the receiving flange (8).

7. Laser processing machine (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the mounting ring (12) is designed as a separate component and is fixed to the laser processing head (3), in particular by means of a screw connection.

8. Laser processing machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the collision protection device (7) comprises at least three, in particular four, clamping elements (9) distributed equidistantly around the circumference of the laser processing head (3), which are located on a conical circumferential surface (17) of the 2024P00300WQ - 32 - Press the laser processing head (3) to hold the laser processing head (3) in the mounting flange (8).

9. Laser processing machine (1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the clamping elements (9) can be subjected to force by a spring (15) and / or pneumatically and / or by a magnet.

10. Laser processing machine (1 ) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the support ring (12) of the laser processing head (3) has the conical circumferential surface (17) and the clamping elements (9) have rollers (18) via which a pressing force of the clamping elements (9) acting radially to the longitudinal extent of the laser processing head (3) is redirected into a force acting perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the laser processing head (3) on the conical support ring (12).

11. Laser processing machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the collision protection device (7) in the receiving flange (8) comprises at least one sensor (19), in particular an inductive sensor (19), which detects a deflection of the laser processing head (3) relative to the receiving flange (8).

12. Laser processing machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the collision protection device (7) is configured such that the laser processing head (3) is deflected relative to the receiving flange (8) when a trigger force acting on it perpendicular to the laser beam axis, which generates a torque of at least 20 Nm, is applied.

13. Laser processing machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving device (5) comprises a U-shaped holding element (5a) with a bearing (21, 22) of the receiving flange (8) on a free leg (23, 24) of the U-shaped holding element (5a) or an L-shaped holding element with a bearing of the receiving flange (8) on the free leg of the holding element.

14. Method for operating a laser processing machine (1) for laser processing a workpiece (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the laser processing head (3) is released from the receiving flange (8) of the collision protection device (7) the movement of the laser processing head (3) is stopped.

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the movement of the laser processing head (3) can only be continued when the laser processing head (3) is fully inserted and held in the receiving flange (8).

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