Excrement odor suppression composition, excrement odor suppression feed, and excrement odor suppression method

Abstract

An excrement odor suppression composition according to the present invention includes γ-oryzanol.

Description

Composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors, feed for suppressing excrement-derived odors, and method for suppressing excrement-derived odors

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors, a feed for suppressing excrement-derived odors, and a method for suppressing excrement-derived odors.

[0002] Leaving livestock waste unattended not only causes bad odors and pests, but also washes away with rainwater, polluting rivers, lakes, and other environments. This is a particularly serious issue at production sites near cities, and has become a social problem in terms of hygiene and the environment.

[0003] Incineration is one method of treating livestock waste, and turning it into incineration ash reduces odors. Incineration ash contains a lot of phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium, etc., so it can be used as organic fertilizer. However, incineration produces CO ２ It is accompanied by the emission of CO, which places a heavy burden on the environment. ２ In addition to solving social issues through waste reduction, there is a need for technology to suppress odors from excrement as a measure to improve working conditions in the livestock industry.

[0004] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a feed improver made of barley rock, resin, and a negative ion-releasing mineral to reduce the odor of chicken droppings, while Patent Document 2 discloses a livestock feed composition containing waste clay containing 15 to 50% by mass of oil to suppress the odor of droppings.

[0005] JP 2000-262225 A JP 2008-237153 A

[0006] In the livestock industry, profitability is important for raising livestock. For example, in poultry farming, breeds that mature quickly, such as broilers, are actively produced, and profitability is increased by raising livestock efficiently in a short period of time. If we can reduce the feed conversion rate (the amount of feed required to gain weight) while suppressing the odor caused by excrement, we can contribute to the development of the livestock industry while addressing hygiene and environmental issues.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors, feed for suppressing excrement-derived odors, and a method for suppressing excrement-derived odors, which can suppress feed conversion rate and excrement-derived odors.

[0008] The composition for controlling odors derived from excrement according to the first aspect of the present invention contains γ-oryzanol.

[0009] The γ-oryzanol may be contained in the form of nano-sized particles.

[0010] The composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to the first aspect of the present invention may be a composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors for suppressing ammonia or hydrogen sulfide released from the excrement of non-human animals.

[0011] A feed for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to a second aspect of the present invention comprises the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0012] The feed for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to the second aspect of the present invention may be a feed for suppressing excrement-derived odors that suppresses ammonia or hydrogen sulfide released from the excrement of non-human animals.

[0013] A method for suppressing odors derived from excrement according to a third aspect of the present invention comprises administering γ-oryzanol to a non-human animal.

[0014] According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the feed conversion ratio and the odor derived from excrement.

[0015] 1 shows the particle size distribution of particles in a powder containing γ-oryzanol nanoparticles for feed use according to Example 1. 2 shows the particle size distribution of particles in a suspension of γ-oryzanol nanoparticles for feed use according to Example 2. 3 shows the particle size distribution of particles in a suspension of γ-oryzanol nanoparticles for feed use according to Example 3.

[0016] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same or equivalent parts are designated by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and drawings. It should be noted that in the following embodiments, the expressions "have," "include," or "contain" also include the meaning of "consisting of" or "consisting of."

[0017] The composition for suppressing odors derived from excrement according to this embodiment contains γ-oryzanol. γ-oryzanol is a physiologically active substance contained in lipids such as rice bran. γ-oryzanol can be extracted mainly from rice bran oil or rice germ oil. Commercially available γ-oryzanol can also be used.

[0018] Preferably, the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors contains γ-oryzanol in the form of nano-sized particles (hereinafter also referred to as "γ-oryzanol nanoparticles"). The γ-oryzanol nanoparticles are preferably biocompatible particles in which γ-oryzanol is nanoparticle-shaped in an amorphous (non-crystalline) state. The amorphous state of γ-oryzanol is preferable for the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors, as it provides favorable water dispersibility and solubility, and favorable pharmacokinetics of γ-oryzanol, such as efficient absorption from the intestinal tract, can be achieved. Whether γ-oryzanol is in an amorphous state can be determined, for example, by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). When the X-ray diffraction peaks obtained by PXRD for a sample are halo peaks, the sample is amorphous.

[0019] The particle size of γ-oryzanol nanoparticles is less than 1,000 nm, for example, 2.5 to 900 nm, more preferably 25 to 500 nm, even more preferably 50 to 300 nm, and most preferably 100 to 250 nm or 100 to 150 nm. The particle size of γ-oryzanol nanoparticles can be measured by sieving, sedimentation, microscopy, light scattering, laser diffraction / scattering, electrical resistance testing, observation with a transmission electron microscope, observation with a scanning electron microscope, or the like. The particle size of γ-oryzanol nanoparticles may also be measured using a known particle size distribution analyzer. Depending on the measurement method, the particle size of γ-oryzanol nanoparticles can be expressed in terms of Stokes-equivalent diameter, circle-equivalent diameter, sphere-equivalent diameter, or the like. Furthermore, the particle size of γ-oryzanol nanoparticles may be expressed as an average particle size, volume-average particle size, area-average particle size, or the like, calculated by averaging the diameters of multiple particles.

[0020] The particle size of γ-oryzanol nanoparticles may be an average particle size calculated from the number distribution based on measurements such as laser diffraction / scattering. Specifically, when a cumulative curve is calculated assuming the total volume of a particle population to be 100%, the 50% diameter (D ５０ ) may be used as the particle size. ５０ can be determined using a commercially available particle size distribution analyzer, such as NIKKISO Nanotrac Wave-EX150 (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).

[0021] The span value of the γ-oryzanol nanoparticles is preferably 3.0 or less. ９０ -D １０ ) / D ５０ where D ９０ is the 90% diameter, which is the particle diameter at the point where the cumulative curve reaches 90%. １０ is the 10% diameter, which is the particle size at the point where the cumulative curve reaches 10%. ９０ and D １０ The span value of the γ-oryzanol nanoparticles is more preferably 2.3 or less, and even more preferably 2.0 or less.

[0022] Any known method can be used to produce γ-oryzanol nanoparticles. For example, γ-oryzanol nanoparticles can be produced by an emulsion-in-water method. In the emulsion-in-water method, two types of solvents are used: a poor solvent (liquid A) in which γ-oryzanol does not dissolve, and a good solvent (liquid B) in which γ-oryzanol dissolves. The good solvent is an organic solvent in which γ-oryzanol dissolves and is miscible with the poor solvent. There are no particular limitations on the types of good solvent and poor solvent.

[0023] An example of the poor solvent is water, and a surfactant may be added to the water. For example, hydroxypropyl cellulose is a preferred surfactant. Examples of surfactants other than hydroxypropyl cellulose include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lecithin, saponins, sterols, glycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, polysorbates, and the like. Two or more of these may be combined and used as the surfactant. The poor solvent may contain a sugar alcohol such as maltitol, as well as sodium bicarbonate, etc.

[0024] Examples of good solvents include low-boiling, water-soluble organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Preferably, ethanol alone or a mixture of acetone and ethanol is used, which has little adverse effect on the environment and the human body.

[0025] In the water emulsion method, γ-oryzanol is first dissolved in a good solvent and then dropped into a poor solvent under stirring. The good solvent in the mixture rapidly diffuses and migrates into the poor solvent, resulting in emulsification of the good solvent in the poor solvent, forming emulsion droplets of the good solvent.

[0026] Furthermore, due to mutual diffusion between the good solvent and the poor solvent, the organic solvent continuously diffuses from the emulsion into the poor solvent, reducing the solubility of γ-oryzanol in the emulsion droplets. Ultimately, spherical γ-oryzanol nanoparticles are produced. The good solvent, the organic solvent, is then centrifuged or evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a γ-oryzanol suspension. The resulting suspension can be used as is, or, if necessary, lyophilized to form a redispersible powder. The γ-oryzanol content of the resulting γ-oryzanol-containing suspension or γ-oryzanol-containing powder is, for example, 0.1 to 99 wt %, 0.1 to 30 wt %, 1 to 10 wt %, or 3 to 5 wt %.

[0027] In addition to the emulsion-in-water method, γ-oryzanol may also be produced using a forced thin film microreactor. When using a forced thin film microreactor, the above-mentioned good solvent and poor solvent are first introduced between processing surfaces that are arranged opposite each other and at least one of which rotates relative to the other. In the resulting thin film fluid, the good solvent and poor solvent are mixed, and γ-oryzanol nanoparticles are precipitated in the thin film fluid.

[0028] The composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to the present embodiment suppresses odors emitted from the excrement of non-human animals. Odors, also known as malodors, are odors that cause discomfort to the majority of people (70% or two-thirds). The composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors may suppress the accumulation of odor-causing substances in excrement. Examples of odor-causing substances include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, n-valeric acid, and isovaleric acid.

[0029] The composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to this embodiment may contain, as needed, other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients in addition to the γ-oryzanol nanoparticles, such as carriers, lubricants, binders, disintegrants, solvents, solubilizers, suspending agents, isotonicity agents, buffers, preservatives, antioxidants, and colorants.

[0030] The composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to this embodiment of the present invention may be administered to any animal, including humans. For example, the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors may be administered to a non-human animal. Examples of non-human animals include non-human primates such as gorillas and chimpanzees, laboratory animals such as rats, mice, and rabbits, livestock such as pigs, cows, horses, sheep, goats, and birds, pets such as dogs and cats, and farmed fish. Preferably, the non-human animal is livestock, more preferably chicken.

[0031] The route of administration of the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, but oral administration is preferred. The composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors is preferably administered to the non-human animal together with the food (feed) or water ingested by the non-human animal. When the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors is administered together with feed, the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors is preferably added to the feed and then fed to the non-human animal. The content of the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors in the feed is adjusted appropriately depending on the type, size, etc. of the non-human animal, but is, for example, 10 to 1,000 μg / g, 20 to 800 μg / g, or 30 to 500 μg / g of γ-oryzanol.

[0032] As shown in the examples below, the composition for suppressing excrement odors according to the present embodiment can suppress odors derived from the excrement of non-human animals. Furthermore, the composition for suppressing excrement odors can suppress the feed conversion ratio.

[0033] In another aspect of the present embodiment, there is provided a feed for suppressing excrement-derived odors, which comprises the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to the present embodiment. In another aspect of the present embodiment, there is provided a method for suppressing excrement-derived odors, which comprises administering γ-oryzanol to a non-human animal. In another aspect of the present embodiment, there is provided γ-oryzanol for use in suppressing excrement-derived odors.

[0034] The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0035] Example 1: Preparation of γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing powder for feed use. Feed-grade brown rice germ extract, a powder containing γ-oryzanol at 90% by weight or more, was nanoparticleized using a forced thin-film microreactor as follows. Liquid A was filled into a liquid A tank and pumped at 167 mL / min, followed by liquid B at 100 mL / min. Liquid A was an aqueous solution containing 0.2 wt% maltitol, 0.1 wt% hydroxypropyl cellulose, and 0.0025 wt% sodium bicarbonate. Liquid B was an ethanol solution containing 0.75 wt% feed-grade brown rice germ extract and 0.65 wt% hydroxypropyl cellulose. 14.25 kg of the discharged liquid was recovered from the forced thin-film microreactor and concentrated to 7.5 kg using an evaporator to remove the ethanol, yielding a nanoparticle suspension. This procedure was repeated four times to obtain a total of 30 kg of nanoparticle suspension. This suspension was used as a spray liquid to granulate 30 kg of maltose using a fluidized bed granulator, to obtain a powder containing γ-oryzanol nanoparticles for feed use.

[0036] 50 mg of the obtained feed-use γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing powder was weighed into a tube, and 5.0 mL of Milli-Q water was added. After stirring for 30 seconds with a vortex mixer, the mixture was treated with ultrasound for 5 minutes. Using Milli-Q water as a control, the particle size distribution of the nanoparticles in the feed-use γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing powder was measured using a NIKKISO Nanotrac Wave-EX150 (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.). The D of the γ-oryzanol nanoparticles in the feed-use γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing powder was ５０ The particle size distribution of the γ-oryzanol nanoparticles in the feed-use γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing powder is shown in Figure 1.

[0037] The γ-oryzanol content in the feed-use γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing powder was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using an external standard method. As a result of the measurement, the γ-oryzanol content in the feed-use γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing powder was found to be 0.36±0.003% by weight.

[0038] Example 2: Preparation of γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension for feed use A feed-grade brown rice germ extract, a powder containing γ-oryzanol at 90% by weight or more, was nanoparticleized using a forced thin film microreactor as follows. Liquid A was filled into a liquid A tank. Liquid A was then pumped at 167 mL / min, followed by liquid B at 100 mL / min. Liquids A and B had the same compositions as those used in Example 1. 14.25 kg of the discharged liquid was recovered from the forced thin film microreactor and concentrated to 7.5 kg using an evaporator to remove ethanol, yielding a γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension for feed use.

[0039] Using Milli-Q water as a control, the particle size distribution of the obtained γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension for feed use was measured using a NIKKISO Nanotrac Wave-EX150 (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.). ５０ The particle size distribution of the γ-oryzanol nanoparticles in the feed-grade γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension is shown in Figure 2.

[0040] The γ-oryzanol content in the feed-grade γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension was measured by the external standard method using high-performance liquid chromatography. As a result, the γ-oryzanol content in the feed-grade γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension was 4.7±0.05 mg / mL.

[0041] Example 3: Preparation of γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension for feed use Feed-grade brown rice germ extract, a powder containing γ-oryzanol at 90% by weight or more, was nanoparticleized using a forced thin film microreactor as follows. Liquids A and B were delivered to the reaction section using a liquid delivery pump, and then mixed. Liquid A was an aqueous solution containing 0.05% by weight of sodium alginate and 0.5% by weight of sodium bicarbonate. Liquid B was an ethanol solution containing 0.5% by weight of feed-grade brown rice germ extract. 330 g of the discharged liquid was collected and concentrated to 250 g using an evaporator to remove the ethanol, yielding a feed-grade γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension.

[0042] The particle size distribution of the obtained γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension for feed use was measured using a NIKKISO Nanotrac Wave-EX150 (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) with Milli-Q water as a control. ５０ The particle size distribution of the γ-oryzanol nanoparticles in the feed-grade γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension is shown in Figure 3.

[0043] The γ-oryzanol content in the obtained γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension for feed use was measured by the external standard method using high performance liquid chromatography. As a result of the measurement, the γ-oryzanol content in the γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing suspension for feed use was 1.47±0.01 mg / mL.

[0044] Test Example: Examination of the Growth and Odor Reduction Effects of γ-oryzanol-Added Feed on Broilers The test substances were the γ-oryzanol nanoparticle-containing powder for feed obtained in Example 1 (hereinafter also referred to as "Example 1"), the γ-oryzanol nanoparticle suspension for feed obtained in Example 2 (hereinafter also referred to as "Example 2"), and a brown rice germ extract for feed (γ-oryzanol content: 94.6%, hereinafter also referred to as "Example 3") as a non-nanoized γ-oryzanol. Three hundred day-old male broiler chicks (UK Chunky) weighing 40-50 g were used in the test. Chicks that had been vaccinated against Marek's and fowlpox live vaccines were introduced at hatching and vaccinated with NB live vaccine at 4 and 15 days of age.

[0045] A total of 15 test groups were set up: seven test groups in which seven different test feeds were fed for 5 days after introduction, and seven test groups in which seven different test feeds were fed for 21 days after introduction (see Table 1). The seven test feeds were: a control group fed with a control feed designed to meet the nutrient requirements of the Japanese Feeding Standards for Poultry (2011 edition); six test feeds in which Example 1 or Example 2 was added to the control feed at 25, 50, and 100 μg / g in terms of γ-oryzanol; and a test feed in which Example 3 was added at 100 μg / g in terms of γ-oryzanol.

[0046]

[0047] The test chicks were divided into 15 groups of 20 chicks each to ensure approximately equal weight distribution, and one group was assigned to each group and reared for 21 days. The compounding ratio of the control diet is shown in Table 2. The component composition was calculated using the values ​​listed in the Japanese Standard Feed Composition Table (2009 edition). The same diet was provided from the start to the end of the test. The 50 μg / g and 25 μg / g added diets were prepared by preparing diets containing the maximum concentration of each test substance (100 μg / g) and diluting this with the control diet.

[0048]

[0049] The test chicks were reared in groups in a heated floor, forced ventilation (exhaust) Shiki no Yumeso chicken coop (second windowless chicken coop) with approximately 1.6 m of rearing space per group excluding feeders and waterers. ２ Sawdust was used as bedding, and excrement was allowed to accumulate until the end of the 21st day. The lights were on all day, and feed and water were available ad libitum.

[0050] (1) Body weight and weight gain The body weight of each individual was measured at the time of division, and 5 and 21 days after the start of the test, and the body weight gain was calculated for days < 5 (from the time of division to 5 days after the start of the test), days 6 to 21 (from 6 to 21 days after the start of the test), and the entire period (from the time of division to 21 days after the start of the test).

[0051] (2) Feed intake and feed conversion rate The feed intake was measured for each group on each weight measurement day, and the feed requirement and feed conversion rate (= feed intake / weight gain) per bird for the same period as the weight gain were calculated.

[0052] (3) Health condition and growth rate The health condition (vitality, walking, breathing, skin and feather condition) of each group was observed twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, and when any chickens died, they were autopsied to investigate the cause as much as possible. The growth rate during the test period was also calculated.

[0053] (4) Measurement of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide On the final day of the test, approximately 3 kg of sediment was collected from each group and placed in a bucket, which was then covered with vinyl. At three time points, approximately 1 hour, 7 hours, and 24 hours later, a hole was drilled in the center of the lid to allow a gas detector tube to pass through, and the concentrations of ammonia (measurement range: 3L: 0.5-78 ppm, 3M: 10-1000 ppm) and hydrogen sulfide (measurement range: 4LT: 0.05-4.0 ppm, 4LL: 0.25-120 ppm) in the gas stored in the bucket were measured using a Gastec detector tube (manufactured by Gastec Corporation). The hole drilled for the measurement was sealed with tape until the next measurement.

[0054] (5) Results The weight gains for each period were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with the feed as a factor. The weight gains of dead chickens and those determined to be abnormal values ​​by Smirnoff's rejection test over the entire period were excluded from the average values ​​going back to the start of the study.

[0055] The weight gain and growth rate for each group are shown in Table 3. Analysis of variance for weight gain during each period using one-way analysis of variance with the feed as a factor revealed no significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, when each test substance was examined with the amount or period of addition as a factor, no significant differences were observed between the amounts or periods of addition. No differences were observed in growth rate. Since no significant differences were observed in either the amount or period of addition, data for each test substance were pooled, and the average weight gain in the control group was compared with the average weight gain in each test substance-added group using Dunnett's test. No differences were observed in weight gain up to 5 days after the start of the test, but for weight gain from 6 days onwards and throughout the entire period, the Example 1-added group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group, and the Example 2-added group tended to be higher than the control group, while no differences were observed between the Example 3-added group and the control group.

[0056]

[0057] The feed intake and feed conversion rate are shown in Tables 4 and 5, respectively. No difference in feed intake was observed between the groups, and the feed conversion rate was lower in the test substance-added group than in the control group.

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] One animal in the 100 μg / g 5-day supplementation group in Example 2 died 5 days after the start of the test, and one animal in the 100 μg / g 21-day supplementation group in Example 3 died 12 days after the start of the test. However, no abnormalities were found in the major organs upon macroscopic examination at necropsy in either animal, and there was a large amount of feed in the crop, suggesting that the animals had been ingesting feed until just before death. Therefore, the deaths were determined to be due to sudden death syndrome. No other abnormalities were observed in the health status of any of the animals in either group. Furthermore, a Smirnoff rejection test was performed, and the value of one animal in the 100 μg / g 21-day supplementation group in Example 2, which had significantly low body weight gain and was determined to be an abnormal value, was excluded from the average value going back to the start of the test.

[0061] The concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are shown in Tables 6 and 7, respectively. Ammonia concentrations were higher in the 100 μg / g 21-day addition group of Example 1 than in the control group at 1 hour and 7 hours, but lower in the other groups than in the control group. Hydrogen sulfide was detected after 7 hours, with the control group showing a higher concentration than any of the other groups. These results suggest that the addition of each test substance suppresses the generation of odorous gases.

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] The above-described embodiments are intended to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, not by the embodiments. Various modifications made within the scope of the claims and within the scope of the meaning of the invention equivalent thereto are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

[0065] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-146795, filed on August 28, 2024. The entire specification, claims, and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-146795 are incorporated herein by reference.

[0066] The present invention is useful in the livestock industry.

Claims

1. A composition for controlling odors derived from excrement, comprising γ-oryzanol.

2. The composition for controlling odors derived from excrement according to claim 1, wherein the γ-oryzanol is contained in the form of nano-sized particles.

3. A composition for suppressing odors derived from excrement according to claim 1 or 2, for suppressing ammonia or hydrogen sulfide released from the excrement of non-human animals.

4. A feed for suppressing excrement-derived odors, comprising the composition for suppressing excrement-derived odors according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The feed for suppressing odors derived from excrement according to claim 4, which is for suppressing ammonia or hydrogen sulfide released from the excrement of non-human animals.

6. A method for suppressing odors derived from excrement, which comprises administering γ-oryzanol to a non-human animal.

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