Automatic alignment systems, methods, and microscopy imaging devices applied to optical diffraction tomography
The automatic alignment system in ODT systems addresses calibration and imaging efficiency issues by enabling precise, automated lens alignment and multi-angle illumination, enhancing imaging precision and capturing dynamic cellular events.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Current ODT systems face challenges such as high learning costs and low calibration accuracy in manual alignment, fixed scanning angles limiting imaging resolution and speed, time-consuming 3D reconstruction, cell migration during long imaging, and missed events due to inefficient imaging processes.
An automatic alignment system with a stage, primary and secondary lifting platforms, and a scanning illumination module, utilizing motors and guide rails for precise movement along the Z-axis to align illumination and imaging objective lenses, along with a target assembly for focal alignment, enabling automatic calibration and multi-angle illumination.
Facilitates high-precision automatic alignment, allows variable scanning angles, reduces imaging time, and ensures consistent focus, capturing dynamic cellular events without missing critical processes.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024117771_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AUTOMATIC ALIGNMENT SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND MICROSCOPY IMAGING DEVICES APPLIED TO OPTICAL DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHYTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of label-free microscopy imaging technology, and in particular, to automatic alignment systems, methods, and microscopy imaging devices applied to optical diffraction tomography (ODT) .BACKGROUND
[0002] Microscopy imaging is a fundamental tool for biomedical research, and is commonly used to image biological samples, especially living cell samples. Current microscopy imaging mainly includes fluorescence microscopy imaging technique and label-free microscopy imaging technique. However, for the fluorescence microscopy imaging technique, specific fluorescent labels are required and a sample is irradiated using excitation light, which produces phototoxicity and photobleaching, so that long-time living cell imaging may not be performed. For the label-free microscopy imaging, the light path needs to be calibrated before imaging, and manual alignment is often used, which results in relatively high learning costs, difficulty in operation, and low calibration accuracy of biological imaging.
[0003] Accordingly, it is desirable to provide automatic alignment systems, methods, and microscopy imaging devices applied to ODT, which can realize high-precision automatic alignment of the microscopy imaging device.SUMMARY
[0004] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an automatic alignment system applied to ODT. The automatic alignment system may include a stage, a primary lifting platform, and a secondary lifting platform. Two sides of the stage along a Z-axis direction may be respectively provided with a scanning illumination module and the secondary lifting platform, and the stage may be configured to carry the scanning illumination module. The stage may be slidably mounted on the primary lifting platform, and the primary lifting platform may be configured to drive the scanning illumination module to move along the Z-axis direction. An objective lens holder may be mounted on the secondary lifting platform, the objective lens holder may be configured to mount an illumination objective lens, and the secondary lifting platform may be configured to drive the illumination objective lens to move along the Z-axis direction.
[0005] In some embodiments, the primary lifting platform may include a first guide rail and a first motor. The first guide rail may be disposed along the Z-axis direction, the stage may be slidably mounted on the first guide rail, and the first motor drives the scanning illumination module to move along the Z-axis direction.
[0006] In some embodiments, the primary lifting platform may include a lead screw. The lead screw may be connected to the first motor and the stage to convert rotations of the first motor into a linear displacement along the Z-axis direction of the stage.
[0007] In some embodiments, the lead screw may be provided with a backlash nut.
[0008] In some embodiments, the primary lifting platform may include an encoder. The encoder may be in communication with the first motor.
[0009] In some embodiments, the secondary lifting platform may include a second guide rail and a second motor. The second guide rail may be disposed along the Z-axis direction. The objective lens holder may be slidably mounted on the second guide rail. The second motor may drive the illumination objective lens to move along the Z-axis direction.
[0010] In some embodiments, the secondary lifting platform may include a guide groove and a spring. The objective lens holder may be connected to the spring, and a bearing of the second motor may be mounted in the guide groove.
[0011] In some embodiments, the guide groove may be provided with a positioning groove.
[0012] In some embodiments, the automatic alignment system may include a target assembly configured to mount a target for automatic alignment. the target assembly may be mounted on one side of the scanning illumination module opposite to the stage along the Z-axis direction.
[0013] In some embodiments, the target assembly may include a substrate. The substrate may be provided with an in-place aperture. The target may be mounted in the in-place aperture. The target may be disposed in a conjugate position at an illumination light path of the scanning illumination module.
[0014] In some embodiments, the substrate may be further provided with a vacancy aperture. The target assembly may include a position adjustment member. The position adjustment member may be configured to adjust positions of the vacancy aperture and the vacancy aperture.
[0015] In some embodiments, the position adjustment member includes a handle and a slide groove. The handle may be fixedly connected to the substrate. The substrate may be slidably connected to the slide groove.
[0016] In some embodiments, the target assembly may further include an adjustment knob. The adjustment knob may be configured to adjust a position of the target.
[0017] In some embodiments, a pattern of the target may be center-directed.
[0018] In some embodiments, the automatic alignment system may include a liquid level sensor mounted on a surface of the illumination objective lens. The liquid level sensor may be configured to detect whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with a liquid level.
[0019] In some embodiments, the liquid level sensor may include a plurality of electrodes. The plurality of electrodes may be arranged in a conical shape.
[0020] In some embodiments, the automatic alignment system may further include a processor configured to determine whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with a liquid level according to a brightness of an image taken by a camera.
[0021] In some embodiments, the automatic alignment system may further include a controller configured to control the primary lifting platform and / or the secondary lifting platform to move along a Z-axis.
[0022] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an automated alignment method. The automated alignment method may include lifting an illumination objective lens to a farthest point away from an imaging objective lens by controlling a primary lifting platform and a secondary lifting platform, aligning a sample in a center of a stage with the imaging objective lens, determining a focal plane where cells are located in a petri dish using the imaging objective lens, switching a target to a target-in-place state, controlling the primary lifting platform to drive the illumination objective lens to move to a working position.
[0023] In some embodiments, the automatic alignment method may further include a liquid level detection process. The liquid level detection process may include obtaining a detection result by detecting whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with a liquid level using a liquid level sensor, in response to the detection result that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level, determining that the illumination objective lens meets a working condition, or in response to the detection result that the illumination objective lens is not in contact with the liquid level, determining that the illumination objective lens does not meet the working condition.
[0024] In some embodiments, when the illumination objective lens does not meet the working condition. The method may further include controlling the primary lifting platform to descend a preset distance and detecting whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level using the liquid level sensor, in response to detecting that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level, controlling the primary lifting platform to stop moving and controlling the primary lifting platform to drive the illumination objective lens to move to the working position, or in response to detecting that the illumination objective lens is not in contact with the liquid level, generating a feedback indicating that a current sample does not meet a requirement.
[0025] In some embodiments, when the illumination objective lens meets the working condition, the method may further include designating a height of the illumination objective lens as a height of the liquid level.
[0026] In some embodiments, the automatic alignment method may further include controlling the primary lifting platform to move with a stepping distance within a preset range of the working position, determining an optimal focal plane position according to a curvilinear relationship between a target image sharpness and the stepping distance, and controlling the primary lifting platform to drive the illumination objective lens to move to the optimal focal plane position.
[0027] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a microscopy imaging device. The microscopy imaging device may include an automatic alignment system, a scanning illumination module, and an imaging module described in any of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The scanning illumination module may illuminate a sample with rotationally parallel light received by the imaging module after transmitting the sample. The imaging module may generate an image of the sample.
[0028] In some embodiments, the microscopy imaging device may further include a control module configured to control a scanning angle of a scanning galvanometer of the scanning illumination module, or control a count of illumination angles of the illumination module.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] The present disclosure is further described in terms of exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. These embodiments are non-limiting exemplary embodiments, in which like reference numerals represent similar structures throughout the several views of the drawings, and wherein:
[0030] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of an automatic alignment system applied to ODT according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a primary lifting platform according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a secondary lifting platform according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a target assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 5 is an exemplary pattern of a target according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a liquid level sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position relationship between an illumination objective lens and a liquid level according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary automated alignment method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a microscopy imaging device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 10A is an exemplary light path diagram illustrating an illumination light path according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram illustrating a trajectory of multi-angle parallel light illumination according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal light path of an imaging module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating parallel light illumination at different tilt angles according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 13A is a schematic diagram illustrating a spectral distribution according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 13B is a schematic diagram illustrating a spectral distribution according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 14A is a schematic diagram illustrating a spectral distribution of an image according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0046] FIG. 14B is a schematic diagram illustrating a spectral distribution of an image according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions relating to the embodiments of the present disclosure, a brief introduction of the drawings referred to the description of the embodiments is provided below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some examples or embodiments of the present disclosure. Those having ordinary skills in the art, without further creative efforts, may apply the present disclosure to other similar scenarios according to these drawings. Unless obviously obtained from the context or the context illustrates otherwise, the same numeral in the drawings refers to the same structure or operation.
[0048] It should be understood that the “system, ” “device, ” “unit, ” and / or “module” used herein are one method to distinguish different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies of different levels. However, if other words can achieve the same purpose, the words can be replaced by other expressions.
[0049] As used in the disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise; the plural forms may be intended to include singular forms as well. In general, the terms “comprise, ” “comprises, ” and / or “comprising, ” “include, ” “includes, ” and / or “including, ” merely prompt to include steps and elements that have been clearly identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive listing. The methods or devices may also include other steps or elements.
[0050] In the description of the present disclosure, it is understood that the terms "first, " "second, " "third, " "fourth, " etc. are provided merely to describe purposes, and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the count of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first, " "second, " "third, " and "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present disclosure, "plurality" means at least two (e.g., two, three, etc. ) unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
[0051] In this present disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or qualified, the terms "connected, " "fixed, " etc. shall be broadly construed. For example, the term "connected" may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection or a one-piece connection. The term "connected" may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. The term "connected" may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The term "connected" may refer to an internal connection within two elements, or an interaction between two elements, unless otherwise expressly specified. Those skilled in the art may understood the specific meaning of the terms in the present disclosure on a case-by-case basis.
[0052] Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a label-free microscopy imaging technique. A refractive index is an inherent optical property within a biological sample. For example, the denser the material of a region is, the greater the refractive index of the region may be. The more sparse the material of a region is, the less the refractive index of the region may be. When illumination light passes through a sample, differences in refractive indices across the sample result in differences in light propagation effects, which causes significant changes in a transmitted light field relative to an illumination light field. ODT depicts the process of illumination light propagation and interaction with the sample through a mathematical model and inverts, by actually measuring the illumination light field and the transmitted light field, the refractive index distribution inside the sample, thereby achieving microscopy imaging.
[0053] However, the current ODT has the following problems: (1) the illumination objective lens is introduced in the ODT, and a light path needs to be calibrated to align spatial positions of the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens before the imaging process. At present, the alignment manner through manual adjustment results in relatively high learning costs, difficulty in operation, and low calibration accuracy for biological imaging users; (2) the imaging process is performed only in a fixed mode with a fixed scanning angle, and imaging scenes with different resolutions and different imaging speeds cannot be achieved; (3) ODT needs to take multiple pictures to reconstruct and calculate a three-dimensional (3D) label-free microscopic image, and the photography and calculation process is relatively time-consuming, and a user has a certain degree of blindness when searching for and selecting the target since a reconstruction result cannot be is obtained immediately, which leads to a relatively low efficiency; (4) living cells may leave the imaging field due to cell migration or imaging field drift during the long-time imaging process, which makes it impossible to image one same cell for a long time; and (5) the occurrence of a specific event (e.g., division, apoptosis, specific organelle interactions, etc. ) in the life cycle of a living cell is uncertain, and the process of the event occurs in a fleeting moment, so that if a fast imaging process is performed for a long time, a large amount of invalid data may be accumulated, and if the slow imaging is performed, the process of the event may be missed.
[0054] In view of the problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide automatic alignment systems, methods, and microscopy imaging devices applied to ODT. The automatic alignment system may include a stage, a primary lifting platform, and a secondary lifting platform. Two sides of the stage along a Z-axis direction may be respectively provided with a scanning illumination module and the secondary lifting platform, and the stage may be configured to carry the scanning illumination module. The stage may be slidably mounted on the primary lifting platform. The primary lifting platform may be configured to drive the scanning illumination module to move along the Z-axis direction. An objective lens holder may be mounted on the secondary lifting platform. The objective lens holder may be configured to mount an illumination objective lens. The secondary lifting platform may be configured to drive the illumination objective lens to move along the Z-axis direction.
[0055] In the automatic alignment system provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, the scanning illumination module may be automatically controlled to move along the Z-axis direction by the primary lifting platform, and the illumination objective lens may be automatically controlled to move along the Z-axis direction by a secondary lifting platform, thereby realizing the automatic alignment of the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens.
[0056] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of an automatic alignment system applied to ODT according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic alignment system 100 may include a stage 110, a primary lifting platform 120, and a secondary lifting platform 130. As shown in FIG. 1, two sides of the stage 110 along a Z-axis direction are respectively provided with a scanning illumination module 200 and the secondary lifting platform 130. The stage 110 may be configured to carry the scanning illumination module 200. When the stage 110 is placed in a horizontal plane (e.g., a plane parallel to the ground) , the Z-axis direction refers to a direction perpendicular to the ground (vertical direction as shown in FIG. 1) . Along the direction perpendicular to the ground, one side of the stage 110 may be mounted with the scanning illumination module 200, and another side of the stage 110 may be mounted with the secondary lifting platform 130. In some embodiments, the stage 110 may be slidably mounted on the primary lifting platform 120, and the primary lifting platform 120 may be configured to drive the scanning illumination module 200 to move along the Z-axis direction. For example, the primary lifting platform 120 may be slidably connected to the stage 110 via a vertically placed guide rail, and the primary lifting platform 120 may drive the stage 110 to move along the Z-axis direction, thereby driving the scanning illumination module 200 (and the secondary lifting platform 130) to move along the Z-axis direction. In some embodiments, an objective lens holder 131 may be mounted on the secondary lifting platform 130. The objective lens holder 131 may be configured to mount an illumination objective lens 132. The secondary lifting platform 130 may be configured to drive the illumination objective lens 132 to move along the Z-axis direction.
[0058] In some embodiments, the stage 110 may be an integrally formed structure with a plane carrying the scanning illumination module 200 and connection ends connected to the primary lifting platform 120 and the secondary lifting platform 130, respectively. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the stage 110 may be a detachable structure including a stage body 111 and a support body 112. Two sides of the stage body 111 along the Z-axis direction may be respectively provided with the scanning illumination module 200 and the secondary lifting platform 130. The support body 112 may be disposed between the stage body 111 and the primary lifting platform 120 to realize a connection between the stage 110 and the primary lifting platform 120.
[0059] In some embodiments, a maximum displacement of the primary lifting platform 120 may be different from that of the secondary lifting platform 130. For example, the primary lifting platform 120 may be connected to the scanning illumination module 200 and the illumination objective lens 132. The secondary lifting platform 130 may be connected to the illumination objective lens 132. A maximum displacement of an integral component (e.g., a whole formed by the scanning illumination module 200 and the illumination objective lens 132) may be greater than a maximum displacement of a partial component (e.g., the illumination objective lens 132) , so that the maximum displacement of the primary lifting platform 120 may be greater than that of the secondary lifting platform 130. In some embodiments, a displacement accuracy of the primary lifting platform 120 may be different from that of the secondary lifting platform 130. For example, in order to control costs, an accuracy of a motor that controls the primary lifting platform 120 may be different from an accuracy that of the secondary lifting platform 130.
[0060] The scanning illumination module 200 may be configured to generate an illumination light to scan a biological sample. The illumination objective lens 132 may be configured to direct the illumination light at the sample. Before the sample is placed in a center of the stage (e.g., adding the sample) , the illumination objective lens 132 may need to be lifted to preserve sufficient operating space for a process of placing the sample. After the sample is added, the illumination objective lens 132 may need to be moved back. After the illumination objective lens 132 is moved back, the illumination objective lens 132 may need to be kept in alignment with the imaging objective lens of a microscope so as to ensure that a light path of the illumination objective lens 132 is aligned with a light path of the imaging objective lens. The automatic alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens can be achieved by the primary lifting platform 120 and the secondary lifting platform 130. More descriptions may be found in FIG. 2 -FIG. 5 and the related descriptions.
[0061] In some embodiments, the scanning illumination module 200 may generate multi-angle illumination light in different modes. For example, scenes with different events (e.g., cell division, apoptosis, migration, etc. ) may be illuminated using parallel illumination light with different scanning angles. More descriptions regarding the scanning illumination module 200 may be found in FIG. 9 -FIG. 10B and the related descriptions.
[0062] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a primary lifting platform according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0063] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the primary lifting platform 120 may include a first guide rail 121 and a first motor 122. The first guide rail 121 may be disposed along a Z-axis direction. The stage 110 (or the support body 112 of the stage 110) may be slidably mounted on the first guide rail 121, and the first motor 122 may drive the scanning illumination module 200 to move along the Z-axis direction.
[0064] In some embodiments, the first guide rail 121 may be disposed along the Z-axis direction (e.g., a sliding direction of the first guide rail 121 may be parallel to the Z-axis direction) , and the stage 110 may be slidably mounted on the primary lifting platform 120 via the first guide rail 121. The first guide rail 121 may restrain the stage 110 from moving along the Z-axis direction. In some embodiments, the first guide rail 121 may include a crossed roller guide. The crossed roller guide may have a relatively high load-carrying capacity and a relatively small movement gap, which may ensure that the primary lifting platform 120 is slidably mounted on the stage 110 safely and stably.
[0065] The first motor 122 may drive the stage 110 to move along the Z-axis direction on the first guide rail 121, thereby driving the scanning illumination module 200 to move along the Z-axis direction. In some embodiments, the automatic alignment system 100 may include a controller configured to control the first motor 122.
[0066] In some embodiments, the primary lifting platform 120 may include a lead screw 123. The lead screw may be connected to the first motor 122 and the stage 110 (e.g., the support body 112 of the stage 110) . The first motor 122 may include a first rotating wheel (not shown) . The controller may control the first motor 122 to drive the first rotating wheel to rotate. The first rotating wheel may be rotationally connected to the lead screw 123 to convert rotation of the first rotating wheel into a linear displacement along the Z-axis direction of the stage 110.
[0067] In some embodiments, the lead screw 123 may be a transmission shaft. One end of the lead screw 123 may be connected to the first motor 122 via the first rotating wheel, and another end of the lead screw 123 may be connected to the stage 110. The first motor 122 may drive the first rotating wheel to rotate during a working process. The rotation of the first rotating wheel may be converted by the lead screw 123 into movement along the of Z-axis direction, thereby driving the stage 110 to move along the Z-axis direction. That is, the lead screw 123 may convert the rotation of the first rotating wheel of the first motor 122 into the linear displacement of the stage 110 along the Z-axis direction.
[0068] In some embodiments, the first motor 122 may be a stepper motor. The stepper motor may rotate at least one preset angle in a preset direction. The preset direction refers to a direction in which the motor drives the first rotating wheel to rotate. For example, the preset direction may include a clockwise direction and a counterclockwise direction. When the motor drives the first rotating wheel to rotate according to different preset directions, the stage 110 and the scanning illumination module 200 may be driven to move up or down along the Z-axis direction by the lead screw 123. The preset angle refers to a minimum angle at which the motor drives the first rotating wheel to rotate. For example, the preset angle may be 0.1°, 0.2°, 0.5°, 1°, 2°, 5°, 10°, 20°, 50°, etc. The stepper motor may drive the first rotating wheel to move step by step at the preset angle. The smaller the preset angle is, the higher the stepping accuracy of the stepper motor may be. In some embodiments, the first motor 122 may be the stepper motor, and the preset angle of the stepper motor may be set reasonably, which may make the stepper motor have a relatively high stepping accuracy, thereby improving the accuracy of the stage 110 or the scanning illumination module 200 moving along the Z-axis direction.
[0069] In some embodiments, the controller may control a direction of rotation and a rotation angle of the stepper motor.
[0070] In some embodiments, the lead screw 123 may be provided with a backlash nut. The backlash nut may eliminate repeated positioning accuracy errors caused by a return difference in the transmission of the lead screw 123. In some embodiments, the backlash nut may be disposed at one end where the lead screw 123 is connected to the stage 110. In some embodiments, the backlash nut may be disposed at one end where the lead screw 123 is connected to the first motor 122.
[0071] In some embodiments, the primary lifting platform 120 may include an encoder. The encoder may be in communication with the first motor 122. In some embodiments, the encoder may be a position closed-loop feedback device of the first motor 122. The position closed-loop control of the primary lifting platform 120 may be realized using the encoder to provide micrometer-level accuracy for the movement of the scanning illumination module 200 along the Z-axis direction. For example, the direction of rotation and the rotation angle of the first rotating wheel driven by the first motor 122 may be determined by an encoded value of the encoder. After determining a moving distance of the scanning illumination module 200 along the Z-axis direction, a working parameter of the first motor 122 may be determined based on the rotation angle and the direction of rotation, and the first motor 122 may be controlled to work based on the working parameter. In some embodiments, the encoder may include a photoelectric encoder or a magnetic encoder.
[0072] In some embodiments, the movement of the primary lifting platform 120 may be controlled by a control algorithm. For example, the control algorithm may be obtained by training an initial model according to historical operation data of the primary lifting platform 120 to achieve adaptive control of the primary lifting platform 120. The historical operation data of the primary lifting platform 120 may include historical position data obtained via a position sensor, a historical control input parameter (e.g., a current, a voltage, etc., of the first motor 122) , a historical operation log (e.g., a historical movement command, a historical running time, etc. ) , etc. The initial model may include a supervised learning model (e.g., a linear regression model, a support vector machine model, a neural network model, etc. ) , a reinforcement learning model (e.g., a Q-learning model, a Deep Q Network model, etc. ) , etc. In some embodiments, the movement of the primary lifting platform 120 may also be realized by real-time data (i.e., the control algorithm may be adjusted in real time) .
[0073] In some embodiments, the primary lifting platform 120 integrating a plurality of sensors (e.g., an image sensor, a position sensor, a laser sensor, etc. ) may be configured to obtain data (e.g., position data, status data, etc. ) of the primary lifting platform 120. In some embodiments, data obtained by the plurality of sensors may be further configured for feedback control of the primary lifting platform 120, and high precision control and calibration may be realized.
[0074] In some embodiments, the primary lifting platform 120 may further include an inductive switch. The inductive switch may include a photoelectric switch. The photoelectric switch may be configured to scan a travel limit of the scanning illumination module 200. The photoelectric switch may sense an initial position and a maximum travel position for the primary lifting platform 120.
[0075] It is understood that since the secondary lifting platform 130 is disposed on one side of the stage 110, and when the stage 110 moves along the Z-axis direction by controlling the primary lifting platform 120, the secondary lifting platform 130 (and the illumination objective lens 132 on the secondary lifting platform 130) may also move with the stage 110.
[0076] In the automatic alignment system 100 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the scanning illumination module 200 and the secondary lifting platform 130 may move along the Z-axis direction automatically by controlling the primary lifting platform 120. For example, the scanning illumination module 200 and the secondary lifting platform 130 may move upwards along the Z-axis direction by controlling the primary lifting platform 120, which may expand the displacements of the primary lifting platform 120 and the secondary lifting platform 130, thereby preserving sufficient operating space for placing the sample. In addition, since the first motor 122 of the primary lifting platform 120 is the stepper motor and is controlled by the encoder, the micrometer-level accuracy may be provided for the movement of each module or component (e.g., the scanning illumination module 200 and the illumination objective lens 132) moving along the Z-axis direction, thereby improving the accuracy of automatic alignment.
[0077] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a secondary lifting platform according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0078] As shown in FIG. 3, the secondary lifting platform 130 may include a second guide rail 133 and a second motor 134. The second guide rail 133 may be disposed along the Z-axis direction (e.g., the sliding direction of the second guide rail 133 may be parallel to a Z-axis) . The objective lens holder 131 may be slidably mounted on the second guide rail 133, and the second motor 134 may drive the illumination objective lens 132 to move along the Z-axis direction.
[0079] In some embodiments, the second guide rail 133 may be disposed along the Z-axis direction, and the objective lens holder 131 may be slidably mounted on the secondary lifting platform 130 via the second guide rail 133. The second guide rail 133 may restrain the objective lens holder 131 from moving along the Z-axis direction, thereby restraining the illumination objective lens 132 from moving along the Z-axis direction. In some embodiments, the second guide rail 133 may include a crossed roller guide rail. The crossed roller guide rail may have a relatively high load-carrying capacity and a relatively small movement gap, which may ensure that the secondary lifting platform 130 is slidably mounted on the objective lens holder 131 safely and stably. In other embodiments, the second guide rail 133 may also be other types of linear guide rails, which are not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
[0080] In some embodiments, the second motor 134 may drive the objective lens holder 131 to move along the Z-axis direction on the second guide 133, thereby driving the illumination objective lens 132 to move along the Z-axis direction. In some embodiments, a controller of the automatic alignment system 100 may further control the second motor 134. For example, the controller may send a control signal to the second motor 134 to cause the second motor 134 to work, and the second motor 134 may drive the objective lens holder 131 to move in the Z-axis direction during the working process. In some embodiments, the second motor 134 may include a servo, a stepper motor, a servo motor, etc.
[0081] In some embodiments, the secondary lifting platform 130 may include a guide groove 135 and a spring 136. The objective lens holder 131 may be connected to the spring 136, and a bearing of the second motor 134 may be mounted in the guide groove 135. The guide groove 135 may be provided with a positioning groove.
[0082] The guide groove 135 may be configured to accommodate the bearing of the second motor 134. The spring 136 may be configured to pull the objective lens holder 131 off to a certain position. One end of the spring 136 may be connected to the objective lens holder 131, and another end of the spring 136 may be connected to the stage 110 via a fixed interface 113 of the secondary lifting platform 130.
[0083] In some embodiments, the second motor 134 may be configured to drive the illumination objective lens 132 to move along the Z-axis direction. The bearing may roll in the guide grooves 135 when the second motor 134 works. When the illumination objective lens 132 moves to a specified position, the bearing of the second motor 134 may be disposed in the positioning groove. At this time, under the action of a pulling force of the spring 136, the objective lens holder 131 may fall off to the certain position, and the illumination objective lens 132 may complete positioning at the specified position.
[0084] In the automatic alignment system 100 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the illumination objective lens 132 may move along the Z-axis direction automatically by controlling the secondary lifting platform 130, and at the same time, in conjunction with the primary lifting platform 120, the displacement along the Z-axis direction may be further enlarged, thereby preserving sufficient operating space for placing the sample.
[0085] In some embodiments, the secondary lifting platform 130 may also be manually controlled to move the illumination objective lens 132 along the Z-axis direction. At this time, the structure of the secondary lifting platform 130 may be similar to the structure in FIG. 3. The difference may be that the manually-controlled secondary lifting platform 130 does not include a second motor, and is controlled by a knob. For example, the second motor in FIG. 3 may be replaced with the knob. A rocker connected to the knob may drive the objective lens holder 131 to move along the Z-axis direction by manually rotating the knob. When the illumination objective lens 132 moves to the specified position, the bearing of the rocker may be located in the positioning groove. At this time, under the action of the pulling force of the spring 136, the objective lens holder 131 may be pulled to the certain position, and the illumination objective lens 132 may be positioned at a position along with the objective lens holder 131.
[0086] In some embodiments, since the illumination objective lens 132 is introduced in the ODT, and when multi-angle parallel light illumination is performed using the illumination objective lens 132, the illumination objective lens 132 may need to be aligned with the imaging objective lens. The alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens refers to a focal plane alignment. For example, a center of a field of view of the illumination objective lens 132 is aligned with a center of a field of view of the imaging objective lens. In some embodiments, the focal plane alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens may use an object-image conjugate relationship. For example, the alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens may satisfy a conjugate relationship that an image plane of the illumination objective lens 132, a common object plane of the illumination objective lens 132 and the imaging objective lens, and an image plane of the imaging objective lens form the conjugate relationship. At this point, the image plane of the illumination objective lens 132 may conjugated to the image plane of the imaging objective lens.
[0087] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the automatic alignment system 100 may include a target assembly 140 to achieve alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens. The target assembly 140 may be mounted on one side of the scanning illumination module 200 opposite to the stage 110 along the Z-axis direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a lower side of the scanning illumination module 200 may be connected to the stage 110, and the target assembly 140 may be mounted on an upper side of the scanning illumination module 200. In some embodiments, the target assembly 140 may be configured to mount a target for automatic alignment. A position of the target may be adjusted using the target assembly 140, so that the illumination objective lens 132 may be aligned with the imaging objective lens.
[0088] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a target assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0089] As shown in FIG. 4, the target assembly 140 may include a substrate 141. The substrate 141 may be provided with an in-place aperture 142. The target 143 may be disposed at a conjugate position in an illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200 when the target 143 is mounted in the in-place aperture 142.
[0090] The in-place aperture 142 refers to an aperture opened on the substrate 141. In some embodiments, a shape and a dimension of the in-place aperture 142 may match a shape and a dimension of the target 143 to allow the target 143 to be mounted in the in-place aperture 142. For example, the in-place aperture 142 and the target 143 may be both circular, and an aperture of the in-place aperture 142 may be larger than or equal to a diameter of the target 143. In some embodiments, the target 143 may be located at the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200. At this time, a state of the target 143 may be referred to as a target-in-place state. The target 143 in the target-in-place state may be configured for automatic alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens. In some embodiments, since the target 143 is located at the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200, at this time, the illumination objective lens 132 may be automatically aligned with the imaging objective lens by the target 143. For example, in the target-in-place state, the target 143 may be photographed by the imaging objective lens and a camera. When the target 143 is clearly imaged in the image plane of an imaging light path, and a center of the target 143 is located in a center of an image plane of the imaging light path, the illumination objective lens 132 may be in an alignment state with the imaging objective lens.
[0091] In some embodiments, the substrate 141 may be further provided with a vacancy aperture 144. The target assembly 140 may include a position adjustment member 145. The position adjustment member 145 may be configured to adjust positions of the in-place aperture 142 and the vacancy aperture 144.
[0092] In some embodiments, when a bright-field imaging process is performed, uniform bright field illumination may be required to perform an operation (e.g., focusing, sample search, etc. ) . However, when the target 143 is in the target-in-place state, the target 143 may interfere with the bright-field imaging process. At this time, the target 143 may be moved out of the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200, and the bright-field imaging process may be performed to prevent the target 143 from interfering with the bright-field imaging process. The state in which the target 143 is moved out of the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200 may be regarded as a target removal state. When the target 143 is in the target removal state, the bright-field imaging (e.g., focusing, sample search, etc. ) process may be performed.
[0093] The vacancy aperture 144 refers to another aperture opened on the substrate 141. The vacancy aperture 144 may be spaced apart from the in-place aperture 142. When the target 143 is in the target removal state, the vacancy aperture 144 may be located at the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200. For example, the target 143 may be moved out of the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200. Since no other structure is disposed in the vacancy aperture 144, the illumination light path may pass directly through the vacancy aperture 144 without being affected, thereby preventing the target 143 from interfering with the bright-field imaging process.
[0094] The position adjustment member 145 may be configured to adjust the positions of the in-place aperture 142 and the vacancy aperture 144, thereby switching a state of the target 143. For example, when performing the automatic alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens, the target 143 (or the in-place aperture 142) may be moved to the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200 using the position adjustment member 145, so that the target 143 may be in the target-in-place state. As another example, when performing the bright-field imaging process (e.g., focusing, sample search, etc. ) , the target 143 (or the in-place aperture 142) may be moved out of the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200 (i.e., the vacancy aperture 144 may be moved to the conjugate position in the illumination light path of the scanning illumination module 200) using the position adjustment member 145, so that the target 143 may be in the target removal state, thereby preventing the target 143 from interfering with bright-field imaging process.
[0095] In some embodiments, the position adjustment member 145 may include a handle 1451 and a slide groove 1452. The handle 1451 may be fixedly connected to the substrate 141. The substrate 141 may be slidably connected to the slide groove 1452.
[0096] In some embodiments, the target assembly 140 may be connected to the scanning illumination module 200 via a slide groove 1452. The in-place aperture 142 and the vacancy aperture 144 may be spaced apart along an extension direction of the slide groove 1452. Operating (e.g., pulling, pushing) the handle 1451 may drive the substrate 141 to slide along the extension direction of the slide groove 1452, so that the positions of the in-place aperture 142 and the vacancy aperture 144 may be adjusted, and the state (atarget removal state and a target-in-place state) of the target 143 may be switched.
[0097] In some embodiments, the position adjustment member 145 may also be an electric member. The positions of the vacancy aperture 144 and the in-place aperture 142 may be adjusted by the electric member. For example, the position adjustment member 145 may include a third motor. The third motor may drive the substrate 141 to slide along the extension direction of the slide groove 1452 to change the positions of the vacancy aperture 144 and the in-place aperture 142. The third motor may be connected to the substrate 141 via a transmission shaft. When the third motor works, the transmission shaft may convert the rotation of the third motor into a linear displacement of the substrate 141 in the extension direction of the slide groove 1452.
[0098] In some embodiments, the target assembly 140 may further include an adjustment knob 146. The adjustment knob 146 may be configured to adjust a position of the target 143.
[0099] In some embodiments, when the target 143 is in the target-in-place state, the center of the target 143 may be aligned with the center of the field of view of the illumination light path to perform the subsequent work of aligning the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens. In some embodiments, the adjustment knob 146 may be disposed at the in-place aperture 142. In some embodiments, the position of the target 143 in a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction (i.e., a horizontal plane parallel to the ground) may be adjusted using the adjustment knob 146, so that the center of the target 143 may be aligned with the center of the field of view of the illumination light path. In some embodiments, the position of the target 143 in the horizontal plane with reference to an optical axis of the illumination light path may be adjusted using the adjustment knob 146, so that the center of the target 143 may be aligned with the center of the field of view of the illumination light path.
[0100] In some embodiments, a pattern of the target 143 may be center-directed.
[0101] In some embodiments, whether the illumination objective lens 132 is aligned with the imaging objective lens may be determined using the center of imaging of the target 143. In some embodiments, the target assembly 140 may be mounted on one side of the scanning illumination module 200 opposite to the stage 110. At this time, the target 143 mounted on the target assembly 140 may be in the image plane of the illumination light path. When the illumination objective lens 132 is aligned with the imaging objective lens, and since the target 143 is in the image plane of the illumination light path, the target 143 may form a clear image in the image plane of the imaging light path, and the center of the target 143 may be located at the center of the image plane of the imaging light path. Therefore, the target 143 may be an indication of the alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 with the imaging objective lens.
[0102] FIG. 5 is an exemplary pattern of a target according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the pattern of the target 143 may have a center point. The center point refers to a geometric center point of the pattern of the target 143. The center point may have an effect of directivity. Whether the illumination objective lens 132 is aligned with the imaging objective lens may be determined using the center point of the pattern of the target 143. It should be noted that the pattern of the target 143 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 5, and any other pattern with a center directivity (e.g., any figure that diverges from a center point to the periphery) may be used as the pattern of the target 143, which is not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
[0103] In an ODT scene, the samples are mostly living cell samples immersed in cell culture liquid. Based on the principle of ODT imaging, the larger the tilt angle of the illumination light is, the higher the lateral resolution of the ODT reconstructed image may be. Therefore, a water lens may be used as the illumination objective lens to improve the imaging resolution. The water lens refers to an objective lens that a required working medium is water. The water lens has a high numerical aperture (NA) . Under imaging conditions, the illumination objective lens may be immersed in the working medium to align a focal plane. Since a height of a culture liquid in the culture medium is random, a position of a liquid level (or a liquid surface) of the culture liquid may be detected when the automatic focal plane alignment of the illumination objective lens is performed, so as to determine a spatial positional relationship between the illumination objective lens and the focal plane (e.g., whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level (or the liquid surface) ) .
[0104] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a liquid level sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The left figure in FIG. 6 illustrates a state in which the illumination objective lens 132 is separated from the liquid level sensor 1321. The right figure in FIG. 6 illustrates a state in which the liquid level sensor 1321 is mounted on the illumination objective lens 132.
[0105] As shown in FIG. 6, in some embodiments, the automatic alignment system 100 may include a liquid level sensor 1321 mounted on a surface of the illumination objective lens 132. The liquid level sensor 1321 may be configured to detect whether the illumination objective lens 132 is in contact with the liquid level.
[0106] In some embodiments, the liquid level sensor 1321 may include an electrode sensor. The liquid level sensor 1321 may include a plurality of electrodes 1322. The plurality of electrodes 1322 may be arranged in a conical shape. In some embodiments, the plurality of electrodes 1322 may be affixed around the lens surface of the illumination objective lens 132 at a certain spacing (equal spacing or unequal spacing) to form a cone-like structure. At least a portion of a lens top 1323 of the illumination objective lens 132 may be not covered by the electrodes 1322. The plurality of electrodes 1322 may not be conductive to each other when the illumination objective lens 132 (e.g., the lens top 1323) is not in contact with the liquid level (or the liquid surface) . The plurality of electrodes 1322 may be simultaneously conductive when the illumination objective lens 132 (e.g., the lens top 1323) is in contact with the liquid level (or the liquid surface) . In some embodiments, the electrodes may be in a conductive state or a non-conductive state by a lower computer, so as to determine whether the illumination objective lens 132 is in contact with the liquid level. Specifically, when the lower computer determines that the electrodes are in the conductive state, the illumination objective lens 132 may be in contact with the liquid level. When the lower computer determines that the electrodes are in the non-conductive state, the illumination objective lens 132 may be not in contact with the liquid level.
[0107] In some embodiments, the electrode 1322 may be a graphite electrode. The graphite electrode is corrosion-resistant, which may extend the service life of the liquid level sensor 1321.
[0108] In some embodiments, the liquid level sensor 1321 may also include other types of sensors, for example, a pressure sensor, etc. When the illumination objective lens 132 is in contact with the liquid level, the pressure sensor may be subjected to the pressure of the culture fluid, and whether the illumination objective lens 132 is in contact with the liquid level may be determined by measuring a change in pressure.
[0109] In some examples, the automatic alignment system 100 may further include a processor configured to determine whether the illumination objective lens 132 is in contact with a liquid level according to a brightness of an image taken by a camera.
[0110] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position relationship between an illumination objective lens and a liquid level according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0111] As shown in FIG. 7, a position where a sample waveplate 710 is located may be a height start position (i.e., a height of the sample waveplate 710 is h0=0) . h1 refers to a height of the liquid level. h2 refers to a height of the illumination objective lens 132. The height of the liquid level refers to a distance between the liquid level and the waveplate 710. The height of the illumination objective lens 132 refers to a closest distance along the Z-axis direction between the illumination objective lens 132 and the waveplate 710.
[0112] When focusing is not performed, the height h2 of the illumination objective lens 132 may be greater than the height of the liquid level h1. The illumination objective lens 132 may not be in contact with the liquid level, and the brightness of an image taken by the camera may vary gently in an imaging light path. When the illumination objective lens 132 moves downward in the Z-axis direction for focusing, the height h2 of the illumination objective lens 132 may gradually decrease and approach the height h1 of the liquid level until the illumination objective lens 132 is in contact with the liquid level. At this time, when h2=h1, a working medium of the illumination objective lens 132 may be changed from air to liquid, the convergence ability of the illumination objective lens 132 may be enhanced, the intensity of illumination light at a focal plane may be enhanced, and the brightness of the image taken by the camera in the imaging light path may be abruptly changed. Therefore, the abrupt change in the brightness of the image taken by the camera may be taken as an indication that the illumination objective lens 132 is in contact with the liquid level. For example, the processor may fit a curve through the brightnesses of the image taken by the camera, and a point of abrupt change of the curve means a point of being in contact with the liquid level, which may determine whether the illumination objective lens 132 is in contact with the liquid level accurately. The point of abrupt change of the curve refers to a height of the illumination objective lens 132 at which a brightness difference of the image exceeds a brightness threshold. For example, when the height of the illumination objective lens 132 decreases from a first height to a second height, the brightness difference of the image taken by the camera may exceed the brightness threshold, and at this time, a point of the curve corresponding to the first height may be the point of abrupt change of the curve.
[0113] In some embodiments, the automatic alignment system 100 may further include a controller configured to control the primary lifting platform 120 and / or the secondary lifting platform 130 to move along a Z-axis.
[0114] In some embodiments, the controller may control the primary lifting platform 120 to move along the Z-axis direction, thereby controlling the scanning illumination module 200 (and the secondary lifting platform 130) to move along the Z-axis direction. In some embodiments, the controller may control a direction of movement (up or down) and / or a distance of movement of the scanning illumination module 200 along the Z-axis by sending a first control signal to the primary lifting platform 120 (e.g., the first motor 122) . The first control signal may include information about the direction of movement and information about the distance of movement.
[0115] In some embodiments, the controller may control the secondary lifting platform 130 to move along the Z-axis direction, thereby controlling the illumination objective lens 132 to move along the Z-axis direction. In some embodiments, the controller may control a direction of movement (up or down) and / or a distance of movement of the illumination objective lens 132 along the Z-axis by sending a second control signal to the secondary lifting platform 130 (e.g., the second motor 134) . The second control signal may include information about the direction of movement and information about the distance of movement.
[0116] In some embodiments, the controller may also control a third motor of the position adjustment member 145 to control state switching of the target 143. For example, the controller may control a direction of movement and / or a distance of movement of the substrate 141 along an extension direction of the slide groove 1452 by sending a third control signal to the third motor.
[0117] It should be understood that the controller controlling the primary lifting platform 120 (e.g., the first motor 122) , the controller controlling the secondary lifting platform 130 (e.g., the second motor 134) , and the controller controlling the third motor may be the same controller or different controllers.
[0118] The process of placing or adding the sample and the process of focusing the objective lenses (i.e., the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens) are extremely important steps in the microscopy imaging procedure. The process of placing or adding the sample may require the sample to be placed in a gripper of the stage directly facing the objective lens, and the stage may drive the sample to achieve imaging with different fields of view. After the process of placing or adding the sample is completed, the objective lens may need to be focused. In the ODT imaging light path, since there are two objective lenses (i.e., the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens) , an imaging process may include the focusing of the two objectives. At the same time, centers of the fields of view of the two objective lenses may need to be aligned to ensure that fields of view of the two objective lenses are consistent. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an automatic alignment method applied to ODT. More descriptions may be found in FIG. 8 and the related descriptions thereof.
[0119] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary automated alignment method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0120] In some embodiments, the process 800 may be executed by a controller or a processor on the automatic alignment system 100 shown in some embodiments in the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the process 800 may include the following operations.
[0121] In 810, the illumination objective lens may be lifted to a farthest point away from the imaging objective lens by controlling the primary lifting platform and the secondary lifting platform. In some embodiments, the operation 810 may be performed by a controller controlling the primary lifting platform 120 and the secondary lifting platform 130.
[0122] In some embodiments, the controller may control the primary lifting platform 120 to move upward to a highest point along the Z-axis direction, and control the secondary lifting platform 130 to move upward to a highest point along the Z-axis direction. At this time, the illumination objective lens may reach the farthest point away from the imaging objective lens. As shown FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the primary lifting platform 120 moving upward to the highest point along the Z-axis direction means that the stage 110 (or the support body 112) moves upward along a sliding direction of the first guide rail 121 to an upper limit position of the first guide rail 121. At this time, the stage 110 may drive the scanning illumination module 200 and the illumination objective lens 132 to move upward by a maximum displacement of the primary lifting platform 120. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the secondary lifting platform 130 moving upward to the highest position along the Z-axis direction means that the objective lens holder 131 moves upward along a sliding direction of the second guide rail 133 to an upper limit position of the second guide rail 133. At this time, the objective lens holder 131 may drive the illumination objective lens 132 to move upward by a maximum displacement of the secondary lifting platform 130. In some embodiments, the controller may simultaneously control the primary lifting platform 120 and the secondary lifting platform 130 to move to speed up the process of automatic alignment. In some embodiments, the primary lifting platform 120 and the secondary lifting platform 130 may be controlled to move separately, and the sequence of control may not be limited.
[0123] In some embodiments, when a microscopy imaging operation is performed, the illumination objective lens may need to be rese. For example, the illumination objective lens may be lifted upward along the Z-axis direction to the farthest point away from the imaging objective lens. At this time, there may be a largest operating space between the stage and the illumination objective lens, so as to facilitate the operations such as placing or adding the sample, placing the sample holder, and storing water at a living cell workstation. The living cell workstation refers a device configured to maintain a stable and humid environment of a living cell sample during long-term imaging. Some living cell workstations may need to be filled with water to maintain the environment humidity of the sample and prevent a living cell culture from evaporating.
[0124] In 820, a sample in a center of the stage may be aligned with the imaging objective lens.
[0125] The sample carried in a petri dish may be placed in the center of the stage. In some embodiments, a type of objective lens may be determined as required, so that subsequent corresponding operations may be performed. For example, when the objective lens is a water lens, water may be added to the petri dish. When the objective lens is an oil lens, oil may be added to the petri dish. When the objective lens is an air lens, no working medium may need to be added. After the type of objective is determined and the corresponding operations are completed, the sample in the center of the stage may be aligned with the imaging objective lens, and an imaging auxiliary accessory (e.g., a sample holder, a living cell workstation cover, etc. ) may be installed.
[0126] In 830, a focal plane where cells are located in the petri dish may be determined using the imaging objective lens. The operation is a routine operation in microscope operation and may not be repeated.
[0127] In 840, a target may be switched to a target-in-place state. In some embodiments, the operation 840 may be accomplished by a controller controlling the target assembly 140.
[0128] In some embodiments, the target may be switched to the target-in-place state by controlling the position adjustment member 145 (e.g., a third motor) of the target assembly 140. The target may serve as a reference object for the alignment of the imaging objective lens and the illumination objective lens. When a center of the target is located in a center of an image plane of an imaging light path, the illumination objective lens may be aligned with the imaging objective lens.
[0129] In 850, the primary lifting platform may be controlled to drive the illumination objective lens to move to a working position. In some embodiments, the operation 850 may be performed by a controller controlling the primary lifting platform 120.
[0130] In some embodiments, since the secondary lifting platform 130 does not have micrometer-level lifting accuracy, the controller may first control the secondary lifting platform 130 to descend to a lowest point along the Z-axis direction when performing the alignment of the illumination objective lens with the imaging objective lens, therefore a distance between the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens may first be greatly reduced. The controller may further control the primary lifting platform 120 to move along the Z-axis direction to adjust a position of the illumination objective lens with the micrometer-level lifting accuracy, so that the illumination objective lens may be accurately moved to the working position.
[0131] In some embodiments, the working position may be obtained by calibration. The calibration process is as follows. A working distance of the imaging objective lens may be set to be d1, a working distance of the illumination objective lens may be set to be d2, and a thickness of a sample waveplate may be set to be d3. Based on the confocal nature of the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens, a distance d between the imaging objective lens and the illumination objective lens may be equal to (d1+d2+d3) . The working distance of the imaging objective lens refers to a distance between a front lens surface of the imaging objective lens and a sample surface. The working distance of the illumination objective lens refers to a distance between a front lens surface of the illumination objective lens and the sample surface. With the imaging objective lens in the working position after the alignment process, the working position of the illumination objective lens may be set to a position at a distance d from the imaging objective lens. That is, the illumination objective lens may be moved to the working position, and the distance between the front lens surface of the illumination objective lens and the front lens surface of the imaging objective lens may be d.
[0132] In some embodiments, when the OTD imaging operations are performed multiple times, there may be a case where the sample for imaging is changed. In the initial operation, the alignment of the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens and the adjustment of the center of the field of view may be completed in the operations 810 to 850. If the sample needs to be changed, the primary lifting platform and the secondary lifting platform may be controlled to leave the working position, so that the illumination objective lens may be lifted to the farthest point away from the imaging objective lens, and the primary lifting platform and the secondary lifting platform may be controlled to automatically move to a memorized working position after the sample is replaced. In the process of replacing the sample, since only the movement of a lifting platform (e.g., the primary lifting platform 120 or the secondary lifting platform 130) along the Z-axis direction is involved, and the time period is relatively short with a relatively high position reproducibility, a secondary imaging experiment may be performed, and the subsequent sample photography may be completed in the cycle. When the user determines that the center of the field of view deviates through the image, the alignment process of operations 810 to 850 may be started again.
[0133] In the automatic alignment method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, the automatic alignment of the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens may be realized. On the one hand, the learning cost of an operator is reduced, and, on the other hand, the calibration accuracy due to the micrometer-level lifting accuracy of the primary lifting platform is improved. In addition, the process 800 has the relatively high repeatability, which can improve imaging efficiency and imaging throughput, and is suitable for scenarios that require high-throughput biological sample imaging of a large number of samples.
[0134] It should be noted that the foregoing descriptions of the process 800 are merely provided for the purpose of example and illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of application of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes may be made to the process 800 under the guidance of the present disclosure.
[0135] In some embodiments, after the automated alignment method of the process 800, a subsequent ODT imaging acquisition and an image reconstruction may be performed. In some embodiments, after the automatic alignment process is completed, a control module (e.g., a control module 920 below) of a microscopy imaging device may control a scanning angle and / or a count of illumination angles of the scanning illumination module 200 (e.g., a scanning galvanometer 108 below) for parallel light illumination at different tilt angles. The sample may be photographed using the camera. In a photography cycle, the camera may take N pictures (N may be in a range of 6 ~360) , and the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) may output two analog modulation signals to control the two scanning galvanometers to rotate with the photography of the camera. Each time the camera takes an image, the direction of the illumination light output by the scanning galvanometer may be rotated by 360° / N, and at the same time, the camera may output a synchronous trigger signal to an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to control the laser to output light. After taken by the camera, the image may be transmitted to a computer via a communication bus (e.g., Camera Link or Coxpress) , and the computer may invoke a control algorithm for image reconstruction. In some embodiments, three-dimensional (3D) refractive index distribution reconstruction may be performed based on the control algorithm (e.g., Retov approximation or wiener reconstruction) . More descriptions regarding the imaging acquisition and image reconstruction may be found in FIG. 9 -FIG. 14B and the related descriptions.
[0136] In some embodiments, in a state in which the illumination objective lens is in the working position after the operation 850, a height of the culture fluid in the cell petri dish may be greater than a working height of the illumination objective lens or lower than a working height of the illumination objective lens. The height of the culture fluid may be affected by operating habits of different users. Therefore, the automatic alignment method may also include liquid level detection to accommodate the operating habits of different users. In some embodiments, the liquid level detection may be performed by a liquid level sensor. In some embodiments, the liquid level detection may include the following operation.
[0137] In step 1, a detection result may be obtained by detecting whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level using the liquid level sensor. For example, whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level may be determined by determining whether a height of the illumination objective lens is less than a height of the liquid level. The height of the illumination objective lens refers to a closest distance along the Z-axis direction between the illumination objective lens and a waveplate. The height of the liquid level refers to a distance between the liquid level and the waveplate. If the height of the illumination objective lens is less than the height of the liquid level, the detection result may be that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level.
[0138] In some embodiments, the liquid level sensor may include a plurality of electrodes (e.g., the electrode sensor shown in FIG. 6) , and may detect whether the height of the illumination objective lens is lower than the liquid level according to a conduction state of the electrodes. When the electrodes are in the conduction state, it may indicate that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level. At this time, the detection result may be that the height of the illumination objective lens is lower than the liquid level. When the electrodes are in a non-conduction state, it may indicate that the illumination objective lens is not in contact with the liquid level. At this time, the detection result may be that the height of the illumination objective lens is higher than or equal to the liquid level.
[0139] In step 2, in response to detecting that the detection result is that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level, the illumination objective lens may be determined to meet a working condition. For example, if the height of the illumination objective lens is less than the height of the liquid level, the illumination objective lens may be determined to meet the working condition.
[0140] It can be seen that under imaging conditions, the illumination objective lens may need to be immersed into the working medium to align the focal plane. That is, the working condition of the illumination objective lens means that the height of the illumination objective lens is less than the height of the liquid level. Therefore, the illumination objective lens may meet the working condition when the detection result in the operation 1 is that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level. At this time, the liquid level sensor may send a signal to the processor to designate the height of the illumination objective lens as the height of the liquid level.
[0141] In step 3, in response to detecting that the detection result is that the illumination objective lens is not in contact with the liquid level, the illumination objective lens may be determined not to meet the working condition. For example, if the height of the illumination objective lens is not less to the height of the liquid level, the illumination objective lens may be determined not to meet the working condition.
[0142] When the illumination objective lens does not meet the working condition, the liquid level may need to be found for the second time, and the illumination objective lens may be controlled to move downward along the Z-axis direction by the primary lifting platform to determine whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level after descent (e.g., whether the height of the illumination objective lens is less than the height of the liquid level) .
[0143] In some embodiments, when the illumination objective lens does not meet the working condition, the primary lifting platform may be controlled to descend a preset distance, thereby driving the illumination objective lens to descend the preset distance along the Z-axis direction. The liquid level sensor may detect whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level (e.g., whether the height of the illumination objective lens after descent is less than the height of the liquid level) . In some embodiments, the preset distance may be smaller than the working distance d2 of the illumination objective lens to ensure that the illumination objective lens after descent does not collide with the imaging objective lens and cause damage.
[0144] In response to detecting that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level (e.g., the height of the illumination objective lens after descent is less than the height of the liquid level) , the illumination objective lens after descent may meet the working condition. At this time, the primary lifting platform may be controlled to stop moving, and the primary lifting platform may be controlled to drive the illumination objective lens to move to the working position.
[0145] In response to detecting that the illumination objective lens is not in contact with the liquid level (e.g., the height of the illumination objective lens after descent is not less than the height of the liquid level) , the illumination objective lens after descent may not meet the working condition, feedback may be generated to indicate a current sample does not meet the requirement and needs to be replaced.
[0146] In some embodiments, the working position of the illumination objective lens obtained by the operation 850 may not be necessarily an optimal working position due to a difference in the petri dish or the positioning accuracy of the objective lens, therefore, the optimal working position of the illumination objective lens may be found through a secondary accurate search. The optimal working position may be also referred to as an optimal focal plane position. When the illumination objective lens is in the optimal focal plane position, the imaging objective lens may complete accurate focusing with the illumination objective lens.
[0147] In some embodiments, the automatic alignment method may further include controlling the primary lifting platform to move with a stepping distance within a preset range of the working position, determining the optimal focal plane position according to a curvilinear relationship between a target image sharpness and the stepping distance, and controlling the primary lifting platform to drive the illumination objective lens to move to the optimal focal plane position.
[0148] The preset range refers to a distance range set in advance. Since the first motor of the primary lifting platform is the stepper motor, the stepper motor may make the primary lifting platform move along the Z-axis direction with the stepping distance. The primary lifting platform may be controlled to move once with the stepping distance within the preset range of the working position, the camera may take an image of the target and send the target image to the processor. The processor may generate the curvilinear relationship between the target image sharpness and the stepping distance by analyzing and processing the target image sharpness and the stepping distance, and determine the optimal focal plane position by fitting the curvilinear relationship. In some embodiments, the optimal focal plane position may be determined according to a feature point (e.g., an extreme point or an inflection point) of the fitted curvilinear relationship. For example, when a target image sharpness corresponding to a certain stepping distance in the fitted curvilinear relationship is an extremely large value, a position to which the primary lifting platform moves the stepping distance may be the optimal focal plane position. In some embodiments, when the optimal focal plane position is determined, the primary lifting platform may be controlled to drive the illumination objective lens to move to the optimal focal plane position.
[0149] In some embodiments, when the illumination objective lens is moved to the optimal focal plane position, the target image may be taken again at the current position, and a host computer may determine, according to the target image, whether the current position is the optimal focal plane position. If the current position is the optimal focal plane position, the automatic alignment process may be completed. If the position found is not the optimal focal plane position, a search range may be expanded for searching again. For example, the optimal focal plane position may be searched for within a second preset range. The second preset range may be larger than the preset range. The searching process may be to repeat the above operations. That is, the primary lifting platform may be controlled to move with the stepping distance within the second preset range of the working position. An optimal focal plane position may be determined according to the curvilinear relationship between the target image sharpness and the stepping distance. The primary lifting platform may be controlled to drive the illumination objective lens to move to the optimal focal plane position.
[0150] The optimal focal plane position may be searched for in this way, which improves the calibration accuracy.
[0151] Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a microscopy imaging device. The microscopy imaging device may include the automatic alignment system 100, the scanning illumination module 200, and an imaging module. The automatic alignment system 100 may be configured to realize automatic alignment of the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens. The scanning illumination module may illuminate a sample with rotationally parallel light received by the imaging module after transmitting the sample. The imaging module may generate an image of the sample.
[0152] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary structure of a microscopy imaging device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0153] As shown in FIG. 9, the microscope imaging device 900 may include an automatic alignment system 100, a scanning illumination module 200, and an imaging module 910. In some embodiments, the automatic alignment system 100 and the scanning illumination module 200 may be mounted on the microscope frame 901. The automatic alignment system 100 may be configured for the automatic alignment of the illumination objective lens and the imaging objective lens on the microscope frame.
[0154] FIG. 10A is an exemplary light path diagram illustrating an illumination light path according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0155] Referring to FIG. 10A, the dashed arrows denote a light-emitting diode (LED) illumination light path. The LED light source 101 serves as a light source of the light path. The solid arrows denote an ODT illumination light path. The ODT laser light source 109 serves as a light source of the light path.
[0156] In some embodiments, the scanning illumination module 200 may illuminate a sample with parallel light at a plurality of angles. In some embodiments, the scanning illumination module 200 may include an LED light source 101 and a scanning light path assembly. The scanning light path assembly may include an optical element such as a scanning galvanometer 108, a tube lens 104, a dichroscope 103, etc. The illumination objective lens 132 may be immersed below the liquid level in the petri dish 106. The target 143 may be configured for the automatic alignment of the illumination objective lens 132 and the imaging objective lens 107. The dichroscope 103 may be configured to couple and illuminate the illumination light of the LED light source 101 and the illumination light of the ODT laser light source 109 into the tube lens 104. The illumination objective lens 132 and the tube lens 104 may form a 4F relationship. The 4F relationship means that a focus of a front focal plane of the illumination objective lens 132, a focus of a back focal plane of the illumination objective lens 132, a focus of a front focal plane of the tube lens 104, and a focus of the back focal plane of the tube lens 104 are aligned. At this time, an object plane of the illumination objective lens 132 may form a conjugate relationship with an image plane of the tube lens 104. The scanning galvanometer 108 may be placed on the image plane of the tube lens 104, and the ODT laser light source 109 may illuminate onto the scanning galvanometer 108. Then the light may be reflected by the scanning galvanometer 108 and become an inclined parallel light. Since the scanning galvanometer 108 is conjugated to the object plane of the illumination objective lens 132, the inclined parallel light may be formed at the object plane of the illumination objective lens 132. In some embodiments, an angle of the scanning galvanometer 108 may be proportional to a control voltage, therefore, different voltages may be loaded to achieve different mirror tilt angles of the scanning galvanometer 108, so that the parallel light illumination of different angles of the illumination objective lens 132 may be achieved.
[0157] In some embodiments, a maximum illumination angle of the parallel light may be limited by a numerical aperture NAobj of the illumination objective lens. For example, if the numerical aperture of the illumination objective lens is NAobj and a magnification of a system including the tube lens and the illumination objective lens is Mill, the illumination angle of the inclined parallel light formed by scanning the scanning galvanometer Mill is smaller than or equal to NAobj.
[0158] FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram illustrating a trajectory of multi-angle parallel light illumination according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0159] In the ODT imaging system, an illuminating parallel light that scans 360° along a bus direction of a conical plane may be realized through the scanning galvanometer 108. As shown in FIG. 10B, and denote wave vector squares of ith and i+1th optics scanned along the conical plane, respectively. For the scanning galvanometer 108, by applying a voltage transformed with a time sinusoid curve of a phase difference of π / 2 to an X-axis and a Y-axis of the scanning galvanometer 108, respectively, the outgoing light envelope of the scanning galvanometer 108 may form a conical surface with a field angle of β, where β is proportional to E0. At a small angle (e.g., 0° to 5°) , the sinusoid curve may form a circular scanning trajectory with a radius r=fβ at a distance f from the sample. At the object plane of the illumination objective lens, a scanning inclined light along the cone may be formed at an angle β′=Mβ, where M denotes the magnification of the system of the illumination light path.
[0160] In some embodiments, the imaging module 910 may include the imaging objective lens, the microscope frame 901, and the camera. The imaging objective lens and the microscope frame 901 may form a microscopy imaging system. The scanning illumination module 200 may illuminate the sample with rotationally parallel light that is received by the imaging objective lens after transmitting the sample, and coherently imaged on a surface of the camera after relayed and amplified by a subsequent light path, so as to generate an image of the sample. In some embodiments, interferometric imaging may be performed using off-axis holography. A phase distribution of the parallel illumination light in each direction after transmitting through the sample may be calculated through an interferometric image. In some embodiments, a reference light may be introduced into the light path. On a target surface of the camera, the reference light may interfere with the illumination light transmitting the sample, and the phase distribution may be obtained by interferometric fringes. In some embodiments, the reference light and the illumination light may be homologous to ensure that the reference light and the illumination light satisfy a phase interference condition. For example, the reference light and the illumination light may be emitted by the same laser and obtained through beam splitting.
[0161] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal light path of an imaging module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0162] As shown in FIG. 11, the dashed line denotes the illumination light with sample information and the solid line denotes the reference light. An illumination light with sample phase information (e.g., an illumination light 1101) may be incident into the imaging module 910. A first lens 1102 and a second lens 1103 may form a Relay light path, so that the illumination light 1101 may be focused onto the target surface of the camera 1105. Based on the imaging principle of the ODT, the illumination light 1101 with the sample information (e.g., the phase information) may not be directly detected by the camera 1105, so the phase information may be obtained using the off-axis holography. In the imaging module 910, a reference light for tilt illumination may be introduced. A laser pigtail 1107 may output a laser light, which may serve as the reference light. The reference light may be collimated through a third lens 1106, reflected by a half-reflective half-lens 1104, interfere with the illuminated light on the target surface of the camera 1105, and phase distribution information of the sample may be calculated based on an off-axis holographic algorithm.
[0163] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9, the microscopy imaging device 900 may further include a control module 920 configured to control a scanning angle of the scanning galvanometer 108 of the scanning illumination module 200, or control a count of illumination angles of the illumination module 200.
[0164] In some embodiments, the control module 920 may control the scanning angle of the scanning galvanometer 108 of the scanning module 200 to achieve parallel light illumination at different tilt angles, so as to adjust an axial resolution and a lateral resolution after ODT reconstruction of the image.
[0165] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating parallel light illumination at different tilt angles according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 12 shows parallel light illumination with three different tilt angles (e.g., Light Angle 0, Light Angle 1, and Light Angle 2) . In some embodiments, a rotation angle of the scanning galvanometer 108 may be controlled by the control module 920, so that the parallel light of three different tilt angles may be obtained.
[0166] In some embodiments, in conjunction with FIG. 10 A, FIG. 10 B, and FIG. 12, the illumination objective lens 132 and the tube lens 104 may form a 4F relationship. At this time, the incident light may be emitted to form outgoing light at an angle θ, and the scanning inclined light along the cone at an angle θ′=Mθ may be formed on the object plane due to the conjugate relationship, where M denotes the magnification of the system of the illumination light path.
[0167] As shown in FIG. 10B, k0 denotes a wave vector when the tilt illumination light illuminates the sample. A phase distribution modulated in k0x and k0z directions of the sample may be obtained when the inclined illumination light transmits the sample. Equivalently, the inclined illumination light may operate a frequency shifting operation on the phase distribution of the sample. The phase after the frequency shifting may need to be restored and stacked in multiple directions during ODT reconstruction, and a spectrum may be shifted inversely according to a direction of (-k0x, -k0z) when the phase is restored, therefore, a spectral distribution as shown in FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B may be obtained.
[0168] FIG. 13A is a schematic diagram illustrating a spectral distribution according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 13B is a schematic diagram illustrating a spectral distribution according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are schematic diagrams of kx-kz cross-sections of ODT reconstruction spectrums. FIG. 13A is the spectral distribution of a small tilt angle. FIG. 13B is the spectral distribution of a large tilt angle. In some embodiments, the magnitude of the k0x and k0z components may determine the magnitude of the cut-off frequencies of the kx-axis and kz-axis of the spectrums, thereby affecting the axial resolution and the lateral resolution. Specifically, the smaller the tilt angle of the illumination light is, the higher the cut-off frequency of the kz-axis may be, and the higher the ODT axial resolution may be. The smaller the tilt angle of the illumination light is, the lower the cut-off frequency of the kx-axis may be, and the lower the ODT lateral resolution may be. On the contrary, the larger the tilt angle of the illumination light is, the lower the cut-off frequency of the kz-axis may be, and the lower the ODT axial resolution may be. The larger the tilt angle of the illumination light is, the higher the cut-off frequency of the kx-axis may be, and the higher the ODT lateral resolution may be.
[0169] Therefore, the scanning angle of the scanning galvanometer 108 may be controlled by the control module 920 to realize parallel light illumination at different tilt angles, thereby adjusting the axial resolution and the lateral resolution after ODT reconstruction of the image.
[0170] In some embodiments, the scanning illumination module 200 may generate an inclined light illumination sample that rotationally scans along a conical plane (as shown in FIG. 10B) , and jointly solve, based on a plurality of phase images, a 3D refractive index distribution of the sample by collecting phase distribution maps of the plane wave passing through the sample from a plurality of different angles.
[0171] During the ODT imaging acquisition, in a photography cycle, images with a count of N may be taken. In some embodiments, N may be located in a range of 6~360. The larger the N (i.e., the larger the count of images) is, the higher the reconstruction resolution may be. The smaller the N (i.e., the smaller the count of images) is, the lower the reconstruction resolution may be.
[0172] FIG. 14A is a schematic diagram illustrating a spectral distribution of an image according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 14B is a schematic diagram illustrating a spectral distribution of an image according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are spectral distributions of images obtained based on different counts of illumination angles. FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are schematic diagrams of kx-ky cross sections of ODT reconstruction spectrums. FIG. 14A is obtained based on 30 illumination angles and FIG. 14B is obtained based on 60 illumination angles. Comparing FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B, it may be seen that the spectral distribution of FIG. 14B has a higher resolution. The larger the count of illumination angles is, the higher the resolution of the reconstructed image may be. Conversely, the smaller the count of illumination angles, the lower the resolution of the reconstructed image may be.
[0173] In some embodiments, the larger the count of illumination angles is, the slower the imaging may be. Therefore, ODT imaging may be categorized into a plurality of modes according to working conditions to meet different needs in different scenarios.
[0174] Mode 1 may be configured for fast reconstruction, label-free 3D imaging may be realized, and an image may be previewed rapidly, so that the operator may obtain the reconstruction result in real time. In the mode 1, the count of illumination angles may be smaller than 30 to ensure fast imaging.
[0175] Mode 2 may be configured for long-time sequence photography of images with a moderate amount of data in the case guaranteed resolution. In the mode 2, the count of illumination angles may be in a range of 30~120 to take into account both an imaging speed and the resolution, thereby achieving a moderate imaging speed, a moderate resolution, and a moderate amount of data.
[0176] Mode 3 may be configured for a scene requiring high-resolution imaging. In the mode 3, the count of illumination angles may be greater than 120 to guarantee a high resolution.
[0177] In the microscopy imaging device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, multi-modal imaging may be set up, so that different needs in different scenarios may be met, thereby improving the flexibility of use. For example, if a cell division event needs to be imaged, the mode 3 may be used for imaging when the cell division event is about to occur, and the mode 1 may be used for imaging at other times, which may not only reconstruct the event process accurately, but also avoid the accumulation of a large amount of invalid data, thereby improving efficiency.
[0178] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a label-free real-time microscopy imaging method. The label-free real-time microscopy imaging method may perform acquisition and reconstruction on a label-free real-time microscopy imaging image in the following process. The scanning illumination module may generate a parallel illumination light that can rotate 360°, and the camera may acquire, according to a trigger signal, N images in different illumination directions. The N images may be transmitted by a high-speed camera data cable to a ring buffer in a computer memory, and an image acquisition thread may obtain an image sequence in each direction from the ring buffer. A reconstruction thread may transmit the image sequence in each direction to a graphics processing unit (GPU) . The holographic phase calculation, parameter estimation, and spectral fusion may be in the GPU sequentially. When the spectral fusion of the image sequences in directions is completed, the reconstruction thread may improve the image quality of the reconstruction image, and the label-free 3D tomography reconstruction image may be finally transmitted to the computer memory for image display and further processing and analysis.
[0179] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a label-free-based 3D method for tracking a living cell. The label-free-based 3D method for tracking a living cell may identify a specific cell or structure, compensate for a position using a planar motorized positioning platform and a Z-axis lifting platform by calculating the cell spatial position, and lock a cell position. Cell tracking based on fluorescent images may introduce additional phototoxicity, which may lead to cell death and make long-term tracking impossible. Imaging manners based on the bright-field imaging process or a digital image correlation (DIC) imaging process may only perform imaging in a two-dimensional plane, which may not recognize a change along the Z-axis direction of the cell, and have a relatively low imaging resolution. The label-free real-time microscopy imaging method provided by the present disclosure may obtain the 3D refractive index distribution of cells in real time without labeling, and may obtain the position distribution of cells in 3D space in a single imaging field of view with a high resolution. The living cell 3D tracking may be realized through an image recognition method and motion compensation in 3D space. The label-free imaging method may not bring phototoxicity and may not affect the normal life cycle of the cells, which can be applied to the imaging of organoids, embryos, etc., that are sensitive to phototoxicity.
[0180] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a label-free-based method for event-triggered imaging. In a living cell imaging event, the process where a particular event occurs has a certain degree of randomness. When the microscope throughput is limited, the microscope may only observe a limited count of regions during one same period of time. Full-time observation of multiple regions may result in a large amount of redundant data, and the long-time and full-time observation is not suitable to be performed on the living cells combined with the fluorescence imaging manner. The label-free real-time microscopy imaging method provides a phototoxicity-free real-time detection of living cells, based on which on-line decision-making, event-triggered imaging, and intelligent imaging parameter modulation provide smart and flexible applications.
[0181] In the process of long-time imaging of living cells, the imaging system may obtain label-free tomography images of cells or organelles in real time, perform online image analysis on user-specified channels or regions to monitor the occurrence of key events, and build different imaging stages. Different events may be triggered during the different imaging phases, such as a change in image intensity, a change in a cell morphology or an organelle morphology, a protein or molecular movement, etc. In addition, during the staged imaging, high-throughput imaging (including a large field of view imaging or multi-point field of view imaging) or real-time cell 3D tracking may also be initiated actively or triggered according to a cell movement feature, a change in a cell morphology, and a change in a count of cells to ensure that images of the cell region of interest and the associated region can be recorded during the long-time imaging of the living cells.
[0182] At different stages of the experiment, acquisition of images may be performed with different imaging speeds and different imaging resolutions according to the process stage of the event, the speed of cell movement, and the change in cell details. For example, in a slow-acting where specific cell details are not available, the acquisition may be performed with a slow-speed and low-resolution, which may reduce invalid data. In a fast-acting stage where details of specific cell actions need to be focused, the acquisition may be performed with a high-speed and high-resolution to obtain critical data. Synchronously, other fluorescence modalities may be triggered for photography, thereby reducing the phototoxicity caused by the long-time fluorescence imaging. More efficient and higher-throughput microscopy imaging is achieved through intelligent decision imaging throughout the cell full-time imaging assay.
[0183] Having thus described the basic concepts, it may be rather apparent to those skilled in the art after reading this detailed disclosure that the foregoing detailed disclosure is intended to be presented by way of example only and is not limiting. Although not explicitly stated here, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements and amendments to the present disclosure. These alterations, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested by this disclosure, and are within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
[0184] Moreover, certain terminology has been used to describe embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the terms “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” and / or “some embodiments” mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” in various parts of this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. In addition, some features, structures, or features in the present disclosure of one or more embodiments may be appropriately combined.
[0185] Furthermore, the recited order of processing elements or sequences, or the use of numbers, letters, or other designations therefore, is not intended to limit the claimed processes and methods to any order except as may be specified in the claims. Although the above disclosure discusses through various examples what is currently considered to be a variety of useful embodiments of the disclosure, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose, and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. For example, although the implementation of various components described above may be embodied in a hardware device, it may also be implemented as a software only solution, e.g., an installation on an existing server or mobile device.
[0186] Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of embodiments of the present disclosure, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various embodiments. However, this disclosure does not mean that the present disclosure object requires more features than the features mentioned in the claims. Rather, claimed subject matter may lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment.
[0187] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities or properties used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the present disclosure are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about, ” “approximate, ” or “substantially. ” For example, “about, ” “approximate, ” or “substantially” may indicate ±20%variation of the value it describes, unless otherwise stated. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the present disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable.
[0188] Each of the patents, patent applications, publications of patent applications, and other material, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, things, and / or the like, referenced herein is hereby incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety for all purposes, excepting any prosecution file history associated with same, any of same that is inconsistent with or in conflict with the present document, or any of same that may have a limiting affect as to the broadest scope of the claims now or later associated with the present document. By way of example, should there be any inconsistency or conflict between the description, definition, and / or the use of a term associated with any of the incorporated material and that associated with the present document, the description, definition, and / or the use of the term in the present document shall prevail.
[0189] In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other modifications that may be employed may be within the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to that precisely as shown and described.
Claims
1.An automatic alignment system applied to optical diffraction tomography (ODT) , comprising: a stage, a primary lifting platform, and a secondary lifting platform, whereintwo sides of the stage along a Z-axis direction are respectively provided with a scanning illumination module and the secondary lifting platform, and the stage is configured to carry the scanning illumination module;the stage is slidably mounted on the primary lifting platform, and the primary lifting platform is configured to drive the scanning illumination module to move along the Z-axis direction; andan objective lens holder is mounted on the secondary lifting platform, the objective lens holder is configured to mount an illumination objective lens, and the secondary lifting platform is configured to drive the illumination objective lens to move along the Z-axis direction.2.The automatic alignment system of claim 1, wherein the primary lifting platform includes a first guide rail and a first motor, the first guide rail is disposed along the Z-axis direction, the stage is slidably mounted on the first guide rail, and the first motor drives the scanning illumination module to move along the Z-axis direction.3.The automatic alignment system of claim 2, wherein the primary lifting platform includes a lead screw, and the lead screw is connected to the first motor and the stage to convert rotations of the first motor into a linear displacement along the Z-axis direction of the stage.4.The automatic alignment system of claim 3, wherein the lead screw is provided with a backlash nut.5.The automatic alignment system of claim 2, wherein the primary lifting platform includes an encoder, the encoder being in communication with the first motor.6.The automatic alignment system of claim 1, wherein the secondary lifting platform includes a second guide rail and a second motor, the second guide rail is disposed along the Z-axis direction, the objective lens holder is slidably mounted on the second guide rail, and the second motor drives the illumination objective lens to move along the Z-axis direction.7.The automatic alignment system of claim 6, wherein the secondary lifting platform includes a guide groove and a spring, the objective lens holder being connected to the spring, and a bearing of the second motor being mounted in the guide groove.8.The automatic alignment system of claim 7, wherein the guide groove is provided with a positioning groove.9.The automatic alignment system of claim 1, wherein the automatic alignment system includes a target assembly configured to mount a target for automatic alignment, and the target assembly is mounted on one side of the scanning illumination module opposite to the stage along the Z-axis direction.10.The automatic alignment system of claim 9, wherein the target assembly includes a substrate, the substrate is provided with an in-place aperture, the target is mounted in the in-place aperture, and the target is disposed at a conjugate position in an illumination light path of the scanning illumination module.11.The automatic alignment system of claim 10, wherein the substrate is further provided with a vacancy aperture, and the target assembly includes a position adjustment member, the position adjustment member being configured to adjust positions of the in-place aperture and the vacancy aperture.12.The automatic alignment system of claim 11, wherein the position adjustment member includes a handle and a slide groove, the handle being fixedly connected to the substrate and the substrate being slidably connected to the slide groove.13.The automatic alignment system of claim 10, wherein the target assembly further includes an adjustment knob, the adjustment knob being configured to adjust a position of the target.14.The automatic alignment system of claim 9, wherein a pattern of the target is center- directed.15.The automatic alignment system of claim 1, wherein the automatic alignment system includes a liquid level sensor mounted on a surface of the illumination objective lens, the liquid level sensor being configured to detect whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with a liquid level.16.The automatic alignment system of claim 15, wherein the liquid level sensor includes a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes being arranged in a conical shape.17.The automatic alignment system of claim 1, wherein the automatic alignment system further includes a processor configured to determine whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with a liquid level according to a brightness of an image taken by a camera.18.The automatic alignment system of claim 1, wherein the automatic alignment system further includes a controller configured to control the primary lifting platform and / or the secondary lifting platform to move along a Z-axis.19.An automatic alignment method, comprising:lifting an illumination objective lens to a farthest point away from an imaging objective lens by controlling a primary lifting platform and a secondary lifting platform;aligning a sample in a center of a stage with the imaging objective lens;determining a focal plane where cells are located in a petri dish using the imaging objective lens;switching a target to a target-in-place state;controlling the primary lifting platform to drive the illumination objective lens to move to a working position.20.The automatic alignment method of claim 19, further comprising a liquid level detection process, the liquid level detection process including:obtaining a detection result by detecting whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with a liquid level using a liquid level sensor;in response to the detection result that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level, determining that the illumination objective lens meets a working condition; orin response to the detection result that the illumination objective lens is not in contact with the liquid level, determining that the illumination objective lens does not meet the working condition.21.The automatic alignment method of claim 20, wherein when the illumination objective lens does not meet the working condition, the method further includes:controlling the primary lifting platform to descend a preset distance and detecting whether the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level using the liquid level sensor;in response to detecting that the illumination objective lens is in contact with the liquid level, controlling the primary lifting platform to stop moving and controlling the primary lifting platform to drive the illumination objective lens to move to the working position; orin response to detecting that the illumination objective lens is not in contact with the liquid level, generating a feedback indicating that a current sample does not meet a requirement.22.The automatic alignment method of claim 20, wherein when the illumination objective lens meets the working condition, the method further includes designating a height of the illumination objective lens as a height of the liquid level.23.The automatic alignment method of claim 19, further comprising:controlling the primary lifting platform to move with a stepping distance within a preset range of the working position;determining an optimal focal plane position according to a curvilinear relationship between a target image sharpness and the stepping distance; andcontrolling the primary lifting platform to drive the illumination objective lens to move to the optimal focal plane position.24.A microscopy imaging device, comprising an automatic alignment system of any one of claims 1-18, a scanning illumination module, and an imaging module, wherein the scanning illumination module illuminates a sample with rotationally parallel light received by the imaging module after transmitting the sample, and the imaging module generates an image of the sample.25.The microscopy imaging device of claim 24, further comprising a control module configured to control a scanning angle of a scanning galvanometer of the scanning illumination module, or control a count of illumination angles of the illumination module.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Non-marking far-field super-resolution microscope system and method based on super-resolution lens
CN109709666A
Full-automatic microscope for medical microscopic image analysis
CN113204109A
Laser contour detection system with optical navigation function
CN211740141U
Laser scanning microscope
JP2015031789A
Optical inspection system
US20210181120A1