Method, apparatus and system to support fast re-entry access in a network
By transmitting synchronization signals on multiple CCs simultaneously, the system addresses the challenges of managing wide frequency resources and reduces power consumption and latency in network re-entry, facilitating efficient UE synchronization.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in managing frequency resources across a wide frequency range, leading to increased power consumption and latency during handover processes, especially with the introduction of advanced technologies like Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the long cycle of SSB searching for network re-entry results in high energy consumption and slow synchronization.
The system transmits synchronization signals on different component carriers (CCs) simultaneously, allowing a UE to monitor multiple beams within a reduced monitoring window, thereby reducing the time required for network re-entry and energy consumption.
This approach enables faster network re-entry and reduces power consumption by minimizing the monitoring time for synchronization signals, enhancing system robustness and adaptability.
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Figure CN2024129026_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM TO SUPPORT FAST RE-ENTRY ACCESS IN A NETWORK
[0001] PRIORITY
[0002] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 690, 112, filed on September 3, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates to network access in a wireless communication system.BACKGROUND
[0004] In a conventional wireless system, a User Equipment (UE) obtains access to the network by first searching for a downlink (DL) synchronization channel. After the UE is synchronized on the DL, the UE may obtain essential system information from the Master Information Block (MIB) and the System Information Block (SIB) . The UE may also get synchronized with the network on the uplink (UL) by going through the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure. After synchronization on both the DL and UL are completed, the UE may set up connection with the network at different levels and may start to communicate with the network.
[0005] To enhance both capacity and coverage, a large number of frequency resources may be utilized. For example, in existing wireless communication technologies such as 4th generation long-term evolution (4G LTE) , a large number of frequency resources are introduced or utilized in the form of carrier aggregation (CA) in the same or neighboring frequency band (s) . In another example, in existing wireless communication technologies such as 5th generation new radio (5G NR) , a large number of frequency resources in different frequency ranges (FR) may be exploited including, but not limited to, FR1 (sub-6G Hz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 71.0 GHz) . In future generation communication systems, a large number of frequency resources may still be utilized. With a higher number of frequency resources being available to be exploited and utilized, effectively managing the frequency resources for utilization is a requirement. For example, the conventional CA may not go beyond different frequency bands and a large number of frequency bands in different FRs may need a more unified management procedure.
[0006] In current or earlier generations of wireless systems, an area covered by a base station is denoted as a cell and a cell ID is associated with the cell. If multiple carriers are also supported in this case, each carrier may be denoted as a separate cell and can have a separate cell ID associated with each of the carriers (as each carrier is separate in a frequency domain) . Conventional cellular systems provide a feasible solution for wireless communication such that frequency reuse and interference mitigation can be utilized. However, there are some drawbacks that need to be overcome. One of them is related to the handover (HO) process, namely, when the UE moves from one cell to another, the UE needs the HO procedure to hand over the UE from one cell to the other cell, which may take a longer time and can incur additional latency. Around the development of the 5G NR system or even earlier generations of communication systems, a UE-Centric No Cell (UCNC) system was proposed as a new direction to re-define the wireless system layout. In the UCNC system, instead of using a cell-centric layout, a UE-centric layout is used which removes the cell boundary present in conventional cell-centric systems. The benefits of a UCNC system include, but are not limited to, facilitating mobility and improving coordination among Transmit Points (TP (s) ) for communication from the UE perspective, and the whole cellular system comprises only a hyper-cell instead of many small cells. In current or existing wireless communication systems, several aspects of the UCNC have been developed and specified, for example, different higher layer configured ID can be used to scramble signals from different TP (s) or network node (s) instead of using different cell IDs. The conventional HO process is also improved by introducing Low-Layer Trigger Mobility (LTM) for node switch at a lower layer which will reduce the HO latency.SUMMARY
[0007] In future generation wireless communication systems, the system may be more hybrid and can include different types of TP or Transmit Receive Point (TRP) or network nodes including base station and some remote radio heads. Broadly, the terms TP and TRP may be equivalent and may refer to either a base station or a simplified remote radio head. Also, the function of each TP / TRP (network node) may be different, such as for example, some may be used for coverage enhancement and some for capacity enhancement. In some cases, the coverage of each TP may be overlapped as well. Additional component carriers (CC) may also be used to expand the frequency bandwidth. From the energy saving perspective, certain TPs may be turned ON or OFF and such behavior may be dynamic to save both the network’s and the UE’s energy without sacrificing performance. Furthermore, latency sensitive applications may also require smoother and more continuous services even when the UE moves around in the system, which makes the conventional HO procedure difficult to handle.
[0008] It is necessary to improve system performance in future wireless systems, e.g. by reducing the power consumption which may be a demanding factor in these communication systems. This is mainly due to the introduction of a large spectrum and complex transmission methods and presence of vertical applications. Higher power consumption in current or existing wireless communication systems may extend to future generation wireless communication systems. For example, with the introduction and implementation of Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in future generation wireless communication systems, it is expected that the power consumption may be significant. Therefore, reducing unnecessary power consumption and making both the UE and the system more robust and adaptive in their power consumption is quite challenging. In general, a balance must be struck between improving the user experience and managing the power consumption.
[0009] In existing solutions, inter-operator frequency resource sharing may be effective to save the cost and improve the mutual performance. This may become a trend when a large number of frequency bands are available ranging from lower frequency to medium frequency, medium frequency to higher frequency, and from higher frequency to super higher frequency. This further adds difficulties and challenges for managing the frequency resources across operators.
[0010] Furthermore, in existing generations of wireless communication systems, Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSB (s) ) are transmitted in time on the same CC for a UE to sync up with. The whole cycle of SSB (s) transmission may be long and therefore, it takes time for the UE to complete one cycle of SSB search.
[0011] The long cycle of SSB searching may not be efficient for the UE to wake up and obtain a fast re-entry. This also results in a higher consumption of energy for both the UE and the network and therefore not effective for energy saving on both the network and UE side.
[0012] Considering the above-mentioned requirements and challenges, there is a need to introduce a more unified way to manage the frequency resources effectively in a super-wide frequency range, to facilitate the effective utilization of these resources reducing overhead or efforts. This may further reduce the impact of a conventional cell layout and may improve the performance in terms of mobility / capacity / coverage.
[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to techniques that aim to reduce the amount of time required for a UE to perform monitoring upon waking up from a low-power mode, such as in the context of monitoring for a strong (or strongest) signal when performing network re-entry. A UE may enter a low-power mode, such as powering off (either fully or partially) or entering a sleeping mode and / or an idle or inactive state. The low-power mode helps with reducing energy consumption. The UE may need to wake up from the low-power mode and monitor for signals, e.g., to monitor for different SSBs for the purposes of synchronizing in the context of network re-entry. As mentioned above, in existing generations of wireless communication systems, the SSBs are transmitted in time on the same CC. For example, a first SSB may be transmitted on a first beam, then a second SSB transmitted on second beam, then a third SSB transmitted on a third beam, etc., one after the other in a time division multiplexing (TDM) manner. The UE may monitor for the strongest beam. This monitoring time may be long, e.g. it may be the length of time it takes a network node to perform a full 360-degree beam sweep, or possibly even longer if different beams are transmitted from different network nodes. For example, the UE may need to first monitor for all the beams transmitted from a first network node, then subsequently monitor for all the beams transmitted from the second network node, etc., one after the other in a TDM manner. A long monitoring time slows down how long it takes the UE to perform the monitoring, resulting in a longer time after waking up to ultimately complete the steps that are dependent upon the monitoring, such as network re-entry. A longer monitoring time may also require additional energy.
[0014] Instead, in some aspects of the present disclosure, the monitoring time by the UE may be reduced by having the network transmit signals on different CCs. Monitoring may therefore occur simultaneously on different CCs. Different signals may be transmitted on different CCs possibly on overlapping time resources, thereby reducing the overall total monitoring time. Moreover, in some implementations, a UE may be configured with a particular window of time in which to monitor and may be configured to only monitor, within that window, particular time-frequency resources on particular CCs.
[0015] One example is as follows. A UE wakes up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of CCs for a set of signals during a monitoring window. In the example, the set of signals are synchronization signals, each carried on a respective SSB. Each SSB is transmitted on a respective beam on a respective CC. For example, during the monitoring window a first network node may transmit, on a first CC, a first beam carrying a first SSB and a second beam carrying a second SSB. During the same monitoring window, a second network node may transmit, on a second CC, a third beam carrying a third SSB and a fourth beam carrying a fourth SSB. The UE receives the set of signals during the monitoring window, which in this example includes receiving the first and second SSBs on the first CC and receiving the third and fourth SSBs on the second CC. The UE may transmit, to the network, information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals. For example, the signal strength of each received SSB may be measured, and the UE may report the SSB having the strongest measured signal strength. In another example, the measurement can be conducted after the UE synchronizes with the network based on the SSB first, and then the signal strength can be measured either on the SSB or on other reference signals such as, but not limited to, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or demodulation reference signal (DMRS) . The network may then instruct the UE to take a particular action based on the reported information. For example, if the UE reported that the third SSB had the strongest measured signal strength, then the network may instruct the UE to perform or complete network re-entry steps (such as synchronization) on the beam on which the third SSB was transmitted.
[0016] More generally, a method may include the UE waking up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of CCs for a set of signals during a monitoring window. The method may further include receiving the set of signals during the monitoring window, where for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is received on the CC during the monitoring window. The method may further include the UE transmitting information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.
[0017] Technical benefits of some implementations may include a reduced monitoring window by the UE, which may make it faster to ultimately complete the steps that depend on the monitoring (such as network re-entry) and / or which may reduce overall power consumption compared to a longer monitoring window.
[0018] The techniques herein may be applied in relation to network re-entry, e.g. after waking up. For example, by having different signals for synchronization transmitted on different CCs, the monitoring window may be shorter, which may allow for the UE to more quickly perform synchronization and / or other steps relating to network re-entry. Therefore, some implementations of the present disclosure include methods, apparatus and systems to address slow re-entry issues, which may include: the transmission of SSB (s) with different spatial orientation (e.g., beam or sub-space) on different CC (s) within a monitoring window; the configuration for fast re-entry; and / or the procedure for fast re-entry.
[0019] In one aspect, there is provided a method performed by an apparatus (e.g. a UE) . The method may include waking up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of component carriers (CCs) for a set of signals during a monitoring window. The method may further include receiving the set of signals during the monitoring window. In some implementations, for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is received on the CC during the monitoring window. The method may further include transmitting information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.
[0020] In some implementations, the respective subset of the signals received on one CC may at least partially overlap in time with the respective subset of the signals received on another CC. In some implementations, for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals received on that CC may be received on non-overlapping time-frequency resources of the CC. In some implementations, for each CC, the respective subset of the signals that are received on that CC may be transmitted from a corresponding network node. In some implementations, for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals received on that CC may be transmitted on a different beam.
[0021] In some implementations, each of the signals may comprise a synchronization signal. The synchronization signal may be carried in a respective synchronization signal block (SSB) . In some implementations, the synchronization signal may comprise at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) . In some implementations, each of the signals may be or may be part of a reference signal. In some implementations, the reference signal may be a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) . In some implementations, the reference signal may be a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) .
[0022] In some implementations, the measurements based on the set of signals may comprise at least one of: measuring signal strength of one or more of the signals in the set of signals; or measuring channel quality associated with one or more of the signals. In some implementations, the information may comprise at least one of: measured signal strength of one or more of the signals or measured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals. In some implementations, the information may identify one or more signals associated with a measured signal strength or a measured channel quality.
[0023] In some implementations, prior to waking up, the method may include receiving configuration information. In some implementations, the configuration information may configure at least one of: the plurality of CCs to be monitored during the monitoring window; a set of time-frequency resources on a CC of the plurality of CCs for receiving a subset of the signals; or the monitoring window.
[0024] In some implementations, the method may further include transmitting a mobility parameter to a network node prior to receiving the configuration information. In some implementations, the configuration information may be based on the mobility parameter. In some implementations, the mobility parameter may comprise at least one of: an estimated trajectory based on at least one of speed or moving direction of a device; or information obtained from sensing of a surrounding environment.
[0025] In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g. a UE) is provided to perform (or cause / control performance of) any of the methods. For example, the apparatus may include at least one processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods. For example, the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus to: wake up from the low-power mode to monitor the plurality of CCs for the set of signals during the monitoring window; and / or receive the set of signals during the monitoring window (wherein for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals may be received on the CC during the monitoring window) ; and / or transmit the information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals. In some implementations, the apparatus is a chip or chipset, e.g. an integrated circuit (IC) chip. In some implementations, the apparatus does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g. the apparatus may comprise specialized or dedicated circuitry such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , that performs the methods. More generally, the apparatus may comprise modules or units to perform the methods, e.g. a unit or module to wake up from the low-power mode to monitor the plurality of CCs for the set of signals during the monitoring window, a unit or module to receive the set of signals during the monitoring window, and a unit or module to transmit the information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals. In some implementations, the apparatus may include means for performing the method steps, e.g. the apparatus may comprise a means to wake up from the low-power mode to monitor the plurality of CCs for the set of signals during the monitoring window, a means to receive the set of signals during the monitoring window, and a means to transmit the information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.
[0026] In another aspect, there is provided a method performed by an apparatus on the network. In some implementations, the apparatus may comprise one or more network nodes, e.g. because transmission and / or reception may possibly involve more than one network node of the network. In some implementations, the apparatus may comprise an entity in the network (e.g. on a network node) that causes / controls the method steps to be performed. The method may include transmitting configuration information. The configuration information may configure a monitoring window during which a device (e.g. another apparatus such as a UE) is to wake up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of CCs for a set of signals. The method may further include transmitting the set of signals during the monitoring window. In some implementations, for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals may be transmitted on the CC during the monitoring window. The method may further include receiving information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.
[0027] In some implementations, the configuration information may configure at least one of: the plurality of CCs to be monitored during the monitoring window; a set of time-frequency resources on a CC of the plurality of CCs on which a subset of the signals is to be transmitted; or the monitoring window. In some implementations, the configuration information may be based on a mobility parameter received from the device. In some implementations, the mobility parameter of the device may comprise at least one of: an estimated trajectory of the device based on at least one of speed or moving direction of the device; or information obtained from sensing of a surrounding environment.
[0028] In some implementations, the respective subset of the signals transmitted on one CC may at least partially overlap in time with the respective subset of the signals transmitted on another CC. In some implementations, for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals transmitted on that CC may be transmitted on non-overlapping time-frequency resources of the CC. In some implementations, for each CC, the respective subset of the signals that are transmitted on that CC may be transmitted from a corresponding network node. In some implementations, for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals transmitted on that CC may be transmitted on a different beam.
[0029] In some implementations, each of the signals may comprise a synchronization signal. The synchronization signal may be carried in a respective SSB. In some implementations, the synchronization signal may comprise at least one of a PSS or an SSS. In some implementations, each of the signals may be or may be part of a reference signal. In some implementations, the reference signal may be a DMRS. In some implementations, the reference signal may be a CSI-RS.
[0030] In some implementations, the information may be based on at least one of: measured signal strength of one or more of the signals in the set of signals; or measured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals. In some implementations, the information may comprise at least one of: measured signal strength of one or more of the signals or measured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals. In some implementations, the information may identify one or more signals associated with a measured signal strength or a measured channel quality.
[0031] In some aspects, an apparatus is provided to perform (or cause / control performance of) any of the methods. As mentioned above, the apparatus may comprise one or more network nodes or an entity in the network that causes / controls the method steps to be performed. In some implementations, the apparatus may include at least one processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause any of the methods to be performed. For example, the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause: transmission of the configuration information (where the configuration information may configure the monitoring window during which a device is to wake up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of CCs for a set of signals) ; and / or transmission of the set of signals during the monitoring window (where for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals may be transmitted on the CC during the monitoring window) ; and / or receipt of the information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals. In some implementations, the apparatus is a chip or chipset, e.g. an integrated circuit (IC) chip. In some implementations, the apparatus does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g. the apparatus may comprise specialized or dedicated circuitry such as a FPGA, GPU, or ASIC that performs the methods. More generally, the apparatus may comprise modules or units to perform the methods, e.g. a unit or module to cause transmission of the configuration information, a unit or module to cause transmission of the set of signals during the monitoring window, and a unit or module to cause receipt of the information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals. In some implementations, the apparatus may include means for performing the method steps, e.g. the apparatus may comprise a means to transmit the configuration information, a means to transmit the set of signals during the monitoring window, and a means to receive the information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.
[0032] In another aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods herein.
[0033] In another aspect, there is provided a communication system, where the communication system includes a first communication apparatus configured to perform the UE-side methods disclosed herein and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the network-side methods disclosed herein.
[0034] In another aspect, there is provided a communication system including a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus. The first communication apparatus may be configured to: wake up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of CCs for a set of signals during a monitoring window; receive the set of signals during the monitoring window, where for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is received on the CC during the monitoring window; and transmit information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals. The second communication apparatus may be configured to: transmit configuration information, where the configuration information configures the monitoring window during which the first communication apparatus is to wake up from the low-power mode to monitor the plurality of CCs for the set of signals; transmit the set of signals during the monitoring window, where for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is transmitted on the CC during the monitoring window; and receive the information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.
[0035] In another aspect, there is provided a computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when executed (e.g. by an apparatus or at least one processor) , cause any of the methods described herein to be performed. The computer readable medium may be non-transitory. In another aspect, there is provided a computer program product having the instructions stored thereon for performing any of the methods described herein. In some implementations, the computer program product stores instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform any of the methods herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] Implementations of the present disclosure will be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures wherein:
[0037] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus within a communication system, according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIGs. 4 and 5 illustrate example apparatuses according to implementations of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 6 illustrates a UE-centric cell-free (UC-CF) wireless system, according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 7 illustrates SSB (s) transmission for fast re-entry, according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 8 illustrates fast re-entry TRP / beam searching or monitoring, according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 9 illustrates fast re-entry TRP / beam searching / monitoring with mobility, according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 10 illustrates two apparatuses, according to some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 11 illustrates transmission of a set of signals to an apparatus from the network, according to some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 12 illustrates a method performed by two apparatuses, according to some implementations of the present disclosure; and
[0048] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the fast re-entry process for a UE, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] Specific example implementations of the present disclosure will now be explained.
[0050] This application may be applied to sixth generation (6G) or other future generation communication systems. An exemplary communication system (that may be a legacy or 6G communication system) is illustrated below.
[0051] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0052] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0053] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0054] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0056] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as a quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet the network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0057] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0058] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0059] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0060] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, or the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0061] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0062] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0063] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the foregoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0064] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0065] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0066] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0067] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0068] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0069] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or more transceivers necessary to support such technologies and / or functions.
[0070] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0071] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0072] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0073] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0074] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0075] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0076] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0077] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0078] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0079] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore can also be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0080] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0081] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0082] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0083] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0084] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0085] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0086] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0087] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0088] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or a reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of the baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0089] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of the circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0090] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0091] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0092] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0093] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0094] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0095] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0096] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0097] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0098] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0099] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of the corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0100] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a robust and flexible future generation wireless system, a User-Centric Cell Free (UC-CF) or a UE-Centric Cell Free (UC-CF) wireless system that may be designed to support the following features: Larger hyper-cell size; More cooperative TRPs; Coverage TRP / Carrier and Capacity TRP / Carrier; Dynamic UE-centric 3D coordination; Decouple control link and data link; Decoupled DL and UL; Guaranteed UE experience; and / or Improved power savings.
[0101] In the explanation below, the term “UE” will be used instead of ED. However, “UE” can be substituted by ED (e.g. ED 110) or apparatus (e.g. apparatus 310) as described above. Similarly, when “base station” , “TP” , or “TRP” is used below, it may be substituted with apparatus (e.g. apparatus 320) as described above.
[0102] Examples will first be described in the context of a wireless communication system in which, instead of using a cell-centric layout, a UE-centric layout is used. The system is referred to as a UE-centric cell-free (UC-CF) wireless system.
[0103] FIG. 6 illustrates a UC-CF wireless system, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 6, TP#1 and TP#2 are two base stations, TP#3 and TP#4 are TRP (s) in the coverage of TP#1 and TP#6 and TP#7 are TRP (s) deployed in the coverage of TP#2, and TP#5 is a TRP in the coverage of both TP#1 and TP#2. For the UE, UE#1 and UE#2 are in the coverage of TP#1 and thus can get access to TP#1 first, while UE#3 and UE#4 are in the coverage of TP#2 and therefore can get access to TP#2 first.
[0104] Unlike a conventional cell-based layout, in this case, all TP (s) including both base stations and TRP (s) comprise a hyper cell whose coverage is much larger than several conventional cells. The hyper cell may be identified by a hyper cell ID. Unlike conventional cell-based systems, the UC-CF system is a more UE-centric system and all TP (s) involved in communication with the UE are around the UE and may be updated if the UE moves.
[0105] To access such a system, a UE may first get synchronized with the network on the DL at a certain frequency point based on synchronization signals such as SSB (s) . The UE may then obtain system information such as MIB / SIB. The UE may further use a RACH procedure to get synchronized with the network on the UL and can establish a full connection with the network. After establishment of connection with the network, the UE may exchange more information with the network such as reporting its capability and receiving more configurations. The UE may further be assigned / configured with a carrier to camp on, from which the UE may start data communication with the network when the UE is in a connection state. The UE may also receive paging signals when the UE is in an inactive / idle state. In this role, a particular carrier can be denoted as anchor carrier or anchor component carrier (CC) . The anchor CC is the CC indicated as being used by TP#1 and TP#2 as shown in FIG. 6.
[0106] In the example, as shown in FIG. 6, UE#1 may communicate with TP#4 and TP#1, and UE#2 may communicate with TP#4 and TP#5, and UE#3 may communicate with TP#5. Such communication may include both DL and UL for data communication, as shown between UE1 and TP#1 and TP#4, and between UE#3 and TP#5, or may have one direction only data communication, as shown between UE#2 and TP#5 as uplink only data communication.
[0107] The control signal and data signals may be communicated between the UE and different TP (s) . For example, as shown in FIG. 6, UE#1 may have control signal communication with TP#1 while having data communication with TP#1 and TP#4, UE#2 may have control signal communication with TP#1 while having data communication with TP#4 and TP#5, and UE#3 may have control signal communication with TP#2 while having data communication with TP#5.
[0108] To save energy, both TP (s) and UE (s) may enter a low-power mode, e.g. they may be powered off or may enter a sleeping mode. For TP (s) , they may be powered off completely such as, TP (s) #6 and #7 shown as example in FIG. 6, or may enter the sleeping mode such as TP#3 shown as example in FIG. 6. For UE (s) , they may be in a sleeping mode such as UE#4 shown as example in FIG. 6.
[0109] A UE may enter an idle or inactive state when it does not transmit / receive data for a while, that could save its power and extend its battery life. A UE may also be configured to enter into sleeping mode for the same purpose. A power off state, idle state, inactive state, and sleeping mode are each an example of a low-power mode. When a UE receives a paging signal informing the UE it has data to receive or it has data to transmit to the network, the UE will wake up and get re-entry into the system. In a hybrid system where a large number of TPs (or TRPs) are deployed, searching for a good TP to get re-entry access may be time consuming due to a large number of TP (s) and a large number of beams associated with the TP (s) . The energy saving process adds more stringent requirements to the TP (s) searching process by the UE, because the longer the UE needs to search for a good TP, the more battery life may be drained for such purposes.
[0110] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to simultaneous SSB (s) transmission on multiple CC (s) with different spatial orientations, to support a fast UE re-entry with less power consumption.
[0111] FIG. 7 illustrates SSB (s) transmission for fast re-entry, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7, in an example, if the UE and the system support multi-carrier (or multi-CC) , different SSB (s) may be transmitted on different CC (s) from the same or different TRP (s) using different beams. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a 1st set of SSBs may be transmitted on CC#1 from TRP#1 using a 1st set of beams, and a 2nd set of SSBs may be transmitted on CC#2 from TRP#2 using a 2nd set of beams. Similarly, a k-th set of SSBs may be transmitted on CC#k from TRP#k using a k-th set of beams. In this way, different SSBs may be transmitted on different CCs on overlapping time resources, thereby reducing the overall total monitoring time of the UE. This may make it faster for the UE to ultimately complete the steps that depend on the monitoring (such as network re-entry) and / or may reduce overall power consumption compared to a longer monitoring window. For example, rather than all the SSBs in FIG. 7 being transmitted on a same CC one after the other in a time-division multiplexing (TDM) manner, instead as shown in FIG. 7 there are different SSBs transmitted on different CCs on overlapping time resources. The use of different CCs introduces frequency division (i.e., the transmission of different SSBs on different CCs) to allow for different SSBs on different CCs to be overlapping in the time domain, thereby shortening the monitoring window without reducing the number of SSBs to be monitored. A UE may therefore monitor for a shorter amount of time. That is, the monitoring window 602 may be shortened.
[0112] The transmission of SSB (s) may be configured / indicated within the monitoring window 602. Such monitoring window (s) may be configured for a monitoring instance or for periodic monitoring instances. The transmission of SSB (s) from one or more TRP (s) to the UE (s) may be configured. This decision may be based on both UE and TRP (s) locations and such information may be obtained / updated from past AoA / AoD estimation of signals between the TRP (s) and UE, or may be obtained / updated from other features / techniques such as positioning and / or sensing of surrounding environments.
[0113] FIG. 8 illustrates fast re-entry TRP / beam searching or monitoring, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, for example, when a UE is in a low-power mode (e.g. powered off or sleeping mode or in idle / inactive states) , the UE may wake up and search / monitor for SSB (s) on configured carriers (CCs) within the configured monitoring window (s) . For example, as shown in FIG. 8, UE#1 may be configured to search / monitor for a 1st set of SSB (s) on CC#1 from TRP#1 using a 1st set of beams, and UE#2 may be configured to search / monitor for a 2nd set of SSB (s) on CC#2 from TRP#2 using a 2nd set of beams, while UE#3 can be configured to search / monitor for a 3rd set of SSB (s) on CC#3 from TRP#3 using a 3rd set of beams. The set of beams that are used to carry a set of SSB (s) reflects the beams orientation for a particular UE to access the network and may be denoted as the sub-space of the UE. For example, the 1st set of beams used to carry the 1st set of SSB(s) may be denoted as the sub-space of UE#1, the 2nd set of beams used to carry the 2nd set of SSB (s) may be denoted as the sub-space of UE#2, while the 3rd set of beams used to carry the 3rd set of SSB (s) may be denoted as the sub-space of UE#3. Each UE may strive to detect the presence of configured SSB (s) on corresponding CC (s) in the monitoring window (s) and if the UE detects the presence of SSB (s) on certain CC (s) within the monitoring window, it is an indication that the UE may receive the signals from certain TRP (s) using certain beams. The signal strength (or channel quality) of detected SSB (s) may be reported to the network.
[0114] In some scenarios, the UE may move around, and thus when the UE is woken up for monitoring, the UE’s location may have changed. To adapt to such changes, the UE may need to search for more SSB (s) from more TRP (s) using more beam orientations.
[0115] The example specifically illustrated in FIG. 8 shows each of UE#1, UE#2, and UE#3 configured to only monitor one CC for a set of SSBs. For example, as mentioned above UE #1 monitors for a 1st set of SSB (s) on CC#1 from TRP#1. However, more generally, a UE may be configured to monitor for different SSBs carried on different CCs, like in the example shown in FIG. 7, where in general a UE monitors a plurality of CCs for a set of SSBs. For each CC, a respective subset of the SSBs may be carried on that CC during the monitoring window. In this way, different SSBs may be transmitted on different CCs possibly on overlapping time resources, thereby reducing the overall total monitoring time of the UE. This may make it faster for the UE to ultimately complete the steps that depend on the monitoring (such as network re-entry) and / or may reduce overall power consumption compared to a longer monitoring window.
[0116] FIG. 9 illustrates fast re-entry TRP / beam searching / monitoring with mobility, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 9, for example, the UE#2 may move from the sole coverage of TRP#2 to overlapping coverage of both TRP#1 and TRP#2. In this case, the UE#2 may be configured to search / monitor for the 1st set of SSB (s) on CC#1 from TRP#1 using the 1st set of beams, and the UE may be configured to search / monitor for the 2nd set of SSB (s) on CC#2 from TRP#2 using the 2nd set of beams. This may expand the chance for the UE to get re-entry to the network more quickly. Such decisions to configure / select some SSB (s) for future monitoring due to mobility may be based on an estimated trajectory of the UE from its speed and moving direction and / or information obtained from the sensing of the surrounding environments such as positioning. For example, the network may configure multiple sets of SSB (s) from multiple TRP (s) on multiple CC (s) using multiple sets of beams to the UE based on potential UE mobility. The UE may decide to monitor one or more configured sets of SSB(s) and feedback the monitoring results to the network. The network may then determine to use one or more TRP (s) to establish the connection with the UE after the fast re-entry.
[0117] In relation to the above discussed examples, further clarifications are provided:
[0118] ● The SSB (s) signals are just used as examples, and other signals (e.g. reference signals) such as, but not limited to, Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) , demodulation reference signal (DMRS) etc., may also be configured and used for this purpose. Alternatively, reference signals may be used together for this purpose.
[0119] ● The SSB (s) signals transmitted on different CC (s) may either be different or the same. For example, the SSB signals transmitted on CC#1 and CC#2 may use the same sequences or different sequences, or the SSB signals are transmitted on the same resources or different resources on different CC (s) , or they have the same sub-carrier spacing (SCS) or different SCSs.
[0120] ● The CC (s) used here are also just examples. The CC (s) may be different carriers or may be orthogonal resources in frequency domains such as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) , different parts (or fractions) of a CC (s) in frequency, and different resources to carry different SSB (s) (or other reference signals) may be interleaved or non-interleaved.
[0121] ● A set of SSB (s) (or other reference signals) on a CC or a set of resources on a CC may be configured for the UE for detection by the UE. The association of the SSB (s) (or other reference signals) with a particular TRP (and / or a particular beam) may not be informed to the UE.
[0122] ● One or more CC (s) may be configured for one TRP to transmit a set of SSB (s) using the respective beams, or one or more TRP(s) may be configured using one CC (s) to transmit their set of SSB (s) . As such, it is understood, that there are no limitations between the TRP (s) and CC (s) to transmit the SSB (s) .
[0123] ● The monitoring window as shown in FIG. 7, may be periodic or aperiodic as one monitoring instance (window) or a burst of monitoring instances (windows) .
[0124] FIG. 10 illustrates two apparatuses 310 and 320, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The apparatuses 310 and 320 may be used to perform one or more of the operations described herein. Apparatus 320 is part of a network, e.g. RAN 120 described earlier. For example, apparatus 320 may be one or more network nodes, or an entity that controls one or more network nodes. Apparatus 310 may be a UE or other device.
[0125] Stippled box 702 illustrates example structures for the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may be a UE or other device and include a transmitter / receiver (possibly integrated as a transceiver) and a processor and memory. For example, the apparatus 310 may be as implemented in FIG. 3 and include transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, and memory 208 described earlier. However, in other implementations, the apparatus 310 may instead be a component (e.g. a chip or chipset in a device) that does not include a transmitter / receiver, but perhaps just processor and memory, e.g. processor 210 and memory 208. The chip may include at least one pin to interface with other components outside the chip, e.g. to interface with a transceiver. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may be circuitry (e.g. specialized or dedicated circuitry) such as an ASIC 712, or perhaps instead an FPGA or GPU or the like. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may comprise units or modules 714 for performing the methods of the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include means for performing the methods of the apparatus 310.
[0126] Similarly, stippled box 704 illustrates example structures for apparatus 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may be one or more entities in the network and include a transmitter / receiver (possibly integrated as a transceiver) and a processor and memory. For example, the apparatus 320 may be apparatus 320 of FIG. 3, in which case apparatus 320 may include transmitter 252 / receiver 254 and processor 260 / memory 258 described earlier. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may be a plurality of network nodes operating together, e.g. the apparatus 320 may comprise multiple TRPs each communicating with the apparatus 310, such as different TRPs transmitting signals (e.g. SSBs) on different CCs. However, in other implementations, the apparatus 320 may instead be the device that controls the operations of one or more network nodes, e.g. controls the network to perform the network-side methods described herein, such as transmitting the configuration information and transmitting the set of signals during the monitoring window. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may be a component (e.g. a chip or chipset in a device) that does not include a transmitter / receiver, but perhaps just processor and memory, e.g. processor 260 and memory 258. The chip may include at least one pin to interface with other components outside the chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may be circuitry (e.g., specialized or dedicated circuitry) such as an ASIC 752, or perhaps instead an FPGA or GPU or the like. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may comprise units or modules 754 for performing the methods of the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include means for performing the methods of the apparatus 320.
[0127] FIG. 11 illustrates transmission of a set of signals S1 to Sn to apparatus 310 from the network (e.g., from apparatus 320 or from one or more network nodes controlled by apparatus 320) , according to some implementations of the present disclosure. Some details of the transmission are shown in stippled bubble 802. Specifically, stippled bubble 802 illustrates time-frequency resources, where the vertical axis represents frequency (f) , and the horizontal axis represents time (t) . The frequency resources include k component carriers (CCs) , illustrated as CC1, CC2, …, CCk. Each CC occupies a respective bandwidth on a respective band of frequency resources. A CC may be defined, for example, by its bandwidth and a reference frequency (e.g., center frequency) . Although the bandwidth of each CC illustrated in FIG. 11 appears to be the same, in general this need not be the case. Similarly, the band between each CC (e.g., the guard band or gap) may be different for different adjacent CCs.
[0128] A monitoring window 804 is configured for apparatus 310. During the monitoring window 804, the network transmits the set of signals S1 to Sn. For each CC, a respective subset of the signals is transmitted on that CC during the monitoring window 804. In the illustrated example, the subset S1, S2, and S3 are transmitted on CC1, the subset S4 and S5 are transmitted on CC2, and the subset Sn (asingle signal) is transmitted on CCk. Each signal is transmitted on a respective set of time-frequency resources, shown using hatching. For example, on CC1 each of signals S1, S2, and S3 are transmitted on the same frequency resources, one after the other in time with a gap g between each signal. This is only an example. More generally, if there is more than one signal transmitted on a same CC, then the signals transmitted on the same CC may occupy different frequency resources on the CC (e.g., frequency division multiplexing on the CC may be used instead of time division multiplexing) and / or the gap g between adjacent signals need not always be the same time duration. A subset of signals transmitted on a same CC might or might not originate from a same network node. A subset of signals transmitted on a same CC might or might not be on different beams.
[0129] The apparatus 310 receives the set of signals S1 to Sn during the monitoring window 804 and performs measurements based on the set of signals by measuring a property (e.g., signal strength and / or channel quality) of at least one of the signals. Information obtained from the measurements may be reported to the network. For example, the apparatus 310 may report, to the apparatus 320, the signal having the strongest measured signal strength. The apparatus 320 may then instruct the apparatus 310 to take a particular action based on the reported information. For example, if the apparatus 310 reported that signal S4 had the strongest measured signal strength, then the apparatus 320 may instruct the apparatus 310 to perform or complete network re-entry steps (such as synchronization) on the beam on CC2 on which signal S4 was transmitted.
[0130] FIG. 7 discussed earlier is one specific example of FIG. 11 in which: (1) the signals S1 to Sn are synchronization signals carried on SSBs; (2) the monitoring is for the purposes of fast re-entry; (3) each CC corresponds to a different TRP, e.g., signals S1 to S3 are transmitted from a first TRP, signals S4 and S5 are transmitted from a different second TRP, and so on; (4) and each signal transmitted from a same TRP is transmitted on a different beam, e.g., S1 is transmitted at a first beam angle, S2 is transmitted at a different second beam angle, and so on, such that there is a set of beams associated with a subset of signals transmitted on a same CC. FIG. 11 illustrates that more generally: the signals S1 to Sn need not necessarily be synchronization signals, e.g., they might be reference signals; the monitoring does not necessarily have to be for fast re-entry and / or synchronization (e.g., the apparatus 310 might already be synchronized and may just be reporting which signal is the strongest or best channel quality) ; different CCs do not necessarily need to correspond to different TRPs; the signals do not necessarily have to be transmitted on different beams / beam angles; and the number of signals transmitted on each CC does not have to be the same. Also, although not illustrated in FIG. 11, it may be the case that one or more CCs might not have any signals transmitted thereon. Also, or instead, it may be the case that there is no overlap in time between different signals transmitted on different CCs.
[0131] FIG. 12 illustrates a method performed by the apparatus 310 (e.g. a device, such as a UE) and by the apparatus 320 (e.g., one or more network nodes, or an entity that controls one or more network nodes) , according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The method of FIG. 12 is described having regard to the example transmission of signals S1 to Sn in FIG. 11.
[0132] At step 852 of FIG. 12, the apparatus 320 transmits configuration information. The configuration information configures the monitoring window 804 during which the apparatus 310 is to monitor the plurality of CCs (CC1 to CCk) for the set of signals S1 to Sn. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may wake up from a low-power mode to perform the monitoring. A low-power mode is a mode in which the apparatus 310 is operating at reduced power or partially or completely powered off, e.g., the apparatus 310 is asleep or powered off. One example of a low-power mode is a power-saving state, such as in an Inactive or Idle state. An example is the radio resource control (RRC) Inactive and RRC Idle states in an RRC protocol. When in a low-power mode, the apparatus 310 may have reduced capabilities to save power.
[0133] At step 854 the apparatus 310 receives the configuration information. The configuration information configures the monitoring window 804. Examples of what may be configured include: the length of the monitoring window; and / or the start and / or end of the monitoring window; and / or the CCs to be monitored during the monitoring window, etc. Some parameters may be defined in advance and not necessarily configured in the configuration information. For example, it might be that the length of the monitoring window 804 is defined in advance, and the configuration information just indicates the starting time of the monitoring window 804.
[0134] In a variation, steps 852 and 854 are omitted, e.g., if the monitoring window 804 is defined in advance.
[0135] At step 856, the apparatus 310 wakes up from its low-power mode to monitor the plurality of CCs (CC1 to CCk) for the set of signals S1 to Sn during the monitoring window 804. In a variation, the apparatus 310 does not necessarily need to “wake up” , e.g. the apparatus 310 may already or always be awake in a low-power mode. In another variation, the apparatus 310 might not even be in a low-power mode. Therefore, in some variations, step 856 may be omitted.
[0136] At step 858, the apparatus 320 transmits the set of signals S1 to Sn during the monitoring window 804, and at step 860 the apparatus 310 receives the set of signals S1 to Sn during the monitoring window 804. For each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is transmitted on the CC by apparatus 320, and received on the CC by apparatus 310 during the monitoring window 804. For example, the respective subset of signals S1, S2, and S3 is transmitted on CC1 by apparatus 320 and received on CC1 by apparatus 310 during the monitoring window 804, and the respective subset of signals S4 and S5 is transmitted on CC2 by apparatus 320 and received on CC2 by apparatus 310 during the monitoring window 804. Although not illustrated in FIG. 11, it could be that no signals are transmitted on a particular one or more CCs.
[0137] At step 862, the apparatus 310 performs measurements based on the set of signals S1 to Sn to obtain information. In one example, the signal strength of each of signals S1 to Sn is measured. In another example, the channel quality associated with each of signals S1 to Sn is measured. The information may be, or may be derived from, the measurements. For example, the information may be an indication of which signal (s) had a measured strength or quality above a certain threshold, or an indication of which signal has the highest measured strength or quality, etc.
[0138] At step 864, the apparatus 310 transmits the information obtained from the measurements based on the set of signals. At step 866, the apparatus 320 receives the information that was obtained from the measurements based on the set of signals.
[0139] In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may instruct the apparatus 310 to take a particular action based on the information received by the apparatus 320 at step 866. For example, if the apparatus 310 reported that signal S4 had the strongest measured signal strength, then the apparatus 320 may instruct the apparatus 310 to perform or complete network re-entry steps (such as synchronization) on the beam on which signal S4 was transmitted.
[0140] In some implementations of the method of FIG. 12, the respective subset of signals on one CC (which are transmitted by apparatus 320 at step 858 and received by apparatus 310 at step 860) at least partially overlaps in time with the respective subset of the signals on another CC. An example is shown in FIG. 11 in which the transmission of signals S1, S2, and S3 on CC1 overlaps in time with the transmission of signals S4 and S5 on CC2. This overlap in the time domain (which is possible to due to the use of different CCs) may contribute to shortening the monitoring window 804 without reducing the number of signals S1 to Sn to be monitored. In some implementations, the transmission of signals on one CC may be simultaneous with the transmission of signals on another one or more CCs. Note that even though FIG. 11 illustrates overlap in the time domain of different signals transmitted on different CCs, in general this need not be the case. Overlap in time across the different CCs is not necessary. For example, it could instead be that signals S1, S2, and S3 on CC1 in FIG. 11 do not overlap in time with signals S4 and S5 on CC2, e.g., gap g of CC1 could be larger and S4 and S5 transmitted on CC2 during the gap g on CC1.
[0141] In some implementations of the method of FIG. 12, for each CC of at least two of the CCs: each signal of the respective subset of signals transmitted by apparatus 320 (and received by apparatus 310) on that CC may be on non-overlapping time-frequency resources of the CC. This may be achieved by using time-division multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing. For example, in FIG. 11 the subset of signals transmitted on CC1 is S1, S2, and S3. These signals are transmitted on non-overlapping time-frequency resources. The same is true for the other CCs in FIG. 11, i.e. if multiple signals are transmitted on a same CC those multiple signals are on non-overlapping time-frequency resources. This is to avoid interference. However, alternatively one or more signals on a same CC could partially or completely overlap in the time and / or frequency domain, e.g. if another type of division, such as spatial division multiplexing (SDM) , was utilized to mitigate interference. For example, S1 and S2 could be transmitted on overlapping time-frequency resources on CC1, but with S1 transmitted on one beam and S2 transmitted on another beam, thereby using spatial division to mitigate interference.
[0142] In some implementations of the method of FIG. 12, for each CC of at least two of the CCs, the respective subset of the signals on that CC may be transmitted from a corresponding network node. For example, it could be that S1, S2, and S3 are transmitted from a first TRP, and that S4 and S5 are transmitted from a different second TRP. However, more generally this need not be the case, e.g., all of signals S1 to S5 might be transmitted from a same TRP.
[0143] In some implementations of the method of FIG. 12, for each CC of at least two of the CCs: each signal of the respective subset of the signals on that CC may be transmitted on a different beam, such that there are a set of beams associated with a subset of signals on a same CC. For example, S1 may be transmitted on a first beam (e.g., at a first beam angle) , S2 may be transmitted on a second beam (e.g., at a second beam angle) , and S3 may be transmitted on a third beam (e.g., at a third beam angle) , possibly all from the same network node. However, more generally this need not be the case, e.g., each of S1, S2, and S3 may be transmitted on a same directional or omnidirectional beam. Similarly, the apparatus 310 might utilize a single omnidirectional beam to receive the signals, or may instead use directed beams, e.g. a first transmit-receive beam pair is used for S1, a second transmit-receive beam pair is used for S2, etc.
[0144] The signals S1 to Sn are implementation specific. For example, in some implementations of the method of FIG. 12, each of the signals S1 to Sn comprises a synchronization signal carried in a respective SSB. In some such implementations, the synchronization signal may comprise at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) . As another example, in some implementations of the method of FIG. 12, each of the signals S1 to Sn is or is part of a reference signal. For example, the reference signal may be a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) . As another example, the reference signal may be a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) , e.g., the signal may be part of a CSI-RS block.
[0145] In some implementations of FIG. 12, the measurements performed in step 862 may comprise at least one of: measuring signal strength of one or more of the signals in the set of signals; or measuring channel quality associated with one or more of the signals. Examples of measurements that may be performed on one or more of the signals include any one or more of the following: measuring Reference Signal Receive Power (RSRP) ; and / or measuring Reference Signal Receive Quality (RSRQ) ; and / or measuring channel state information (CSI) , such as information related to scattering, fading, power decay and / or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the channel; and / or measuring signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , which is sometimes instead called signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SNIR) ; and / or measuring channel quality, e.g., to obtain a channel quality indicator (CQI) . Performing a measurement on a received signal may include extracting waveform parameters from the signal, such as (but not limited to) amplitude, frequency, noise and / or timing of the waveform. Alternatively, performing a measurement on a received signal may include synchronizing with the apparatus 320 first based on the received SSB, and then measuring the received signal strength on the SSB or other reference signals such as CSI-RS or DMRS. The result is a measurement result, e.g. the measurement result may be the measured SNR, SINR, RSRP, and / or RSRQ. Information may then be based on the measurement results. This may be the information transmitted in step 864 and received in step 866.
[0146] In some implementations, the information transmitted in step 864 and received in step 866 may comprise at least one of: measured signal strength of one or more of the signals or measured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals. For example, the information may be the measured signal strength of each signal having a measured signal strength above a defined or configured threshold (e.g., the measured signal strength of each of the signals having a strong signal strength) . As another example, the information may be the measured signal strength of the signal having the highest measured signal strength. As another example, the information may be the measured channel quality of each signal having a measured channel quality above a defined or configured threshold (e.g., the measured channel quality of each of the signals having a high channel quality) . As another example, the information may be the measured channel quality of the signal having the highest measured channel quality.
[0147] In some implementations, the information transmitted in step 864 and received in step 866 may identify one or more signals associated with a measured signal strength or a measured channel quality. For example, the information may be an indication of which signals have a measured signal strength above a defined or configured threshold (e.g., which signals have a strong measured signal strength) . As another example, the information may be an indication of the signal having the highest measured signal strength. As another example, the information may be an indication of each signal having a measured channel quality above a defined or configured threshold (e.g., which signals have a high measured channel quality) . As another example, the information may be an indication of the signal having the highest measured channel quality. In some implementations, a signal may be identified by the apparatus 310 indicating the CC and / or time resources and / or frequency resources at which the signal was received. For example, the TRP and / or beams on which the signals S1 to Sn are transmitted may be transparent to the apparatus 310, but the apparatus 310 can still indicate a signal by indicating its time and / or frequency resources. The apparatus 320 may then map the indicated signal to a particular network node and / or beam.
[0148] In some implementations, the configuration information transmitted in step 852 and received in step 854 may configure at least one of: the plurality of CCs to be monitored during the monitoring window 804 (e.g. the apparatus 310 may be configured to specifically monitor CC1 to CCk) ; a set of time-frequency resources on a CC of the plurality of CCs for receiving a subset of the signals (e.g., the apparatus 310 may be configured to specifically monitor the time-frequency resources, such as time slots and / or resource blocks, at which S1, S2, and S3 are transmitted) ; or the monitoring window 804 (e.g., the apparatus 310 may be configured with the start and / or end time and / or length and / or periodicity of the monitoring window 804) .
[0149] In some implementations, the method of FIG. 12 may further include the apparatus 310 transmitting a mobility parameter to a network node prior to steps 852 and 854. The configuration information may be based on the mobility parameter. In some implementations, the mobility parameter may comprise at least one of: an estimated trajectory based on at least one of speed or moving direction of a device; or information obtained from sensing of a surrounding environment. The information obtained from sensing of the surrounding environment may be positioning information, such as information indicative of a position of the apparatus 310.
[0150] In some implementations, steps 852 and 854 are optional steps, e.g. if configuration has already occurred prior to beginning the method of FIG. 12, or if the monitoring window configurations are predefined.
[0151] In some implementations, step 856 may also or instead be optional, e.g. the UE might not be in a low-power mode, but may still perform steps 860, 862, and 864.
[0152] In one example of the method of FIG. 12, the apparatus 310 may be a UE that synchronizes in the downlink with a network node, and that network node transmits the signals (step 858) , which may be SSBs (or other reference signals) . In step 862, the UE could then measure the channel strength (channel quality) , or alternatively directly measure signal strength of each signal (e.g. of each SSB or other reference signal) . The UE might measure SSB signal strength, or the UE may synchronize in the downlink with a network node first using an SSB and then measure the channel quality (in step 862) on that link (e.g., using CSI-RS or DMRS to get RSRP etc. ) .
[0153] Another more specific example will now be explained where the monitoring described above in relation to FIGs. 11 and 12 is performed in the context of network access and specifically a fast re-entry process. The UE referenced below is an example of apparatus 310. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the fast re-entry process for the UE, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In general, referring to FIG. 13, the overall procedure for the fast re-entry access of the UE may be summarized as follows:
[0154] ● Step 902: A UE obtains access to the wireless communication system. The wireless communication system may be a hybrid system, where “hybrid” refers to a system in which there are both network nodes that focus on capacity (e.g., remote radio heads that may be powered off or sleeping at night) and network nodes that focus on coverage (e.g., a base station for coveage and access) with different functionalities. In one example, the UE may obtain access to the system in a lower frequency band, e.g., a 2 GHz band.
[0155] ● Step 904: The UE may be assigned / configured an anchor CC to connect to the network (NW) or camp on when the UE is in an idle / inactive state. An anchor CC may be assigned to distribute UEs across different CCs, although based on the information reported by the UE in step 864 of FIG. 12, the UE might be switched from this anchor CC to a different anchor CC, e.g., to a new anchor CC corresponding to a signal having a strong measured signal strength in step 862.
[0156] ● Step 906: The network configures the UE with fast re-entry access monitoring:
[0157] ○ The configuration of fast re-entry access may depend on the UE’s capability such as the UE’s support of multi-CC etc., and such capability may be reported to the network by the UE.
[0158] ○ The configuration may include a period of monitoring windows (if it is periodic monitoring) , or one or more monitoring windows in one shot or a sporadic burst of monitoring (if it is aperiodic monitoring) . Step 906 may be an example of steps 852 / 854 of FIG. 12.
[0159] ● Step 908: The UE may enter sleeping mode or an idle / inactive state or power off to save energy.
[0160] ● Step 910: The UE may perform the method of FIG. 12 for fast re-entry, where the signals are SSBs. For example, the UE may wake up (step 856 of FIG. 12) to monitor SSBs (or other configured reference signals) on configured CC (s) during the monitoring window (s) (or instances) (step 860 of FIG. 12) . The UE may detect the SSB (s) (or other configure reference signals) and measure their signal strength (or channel quality) (step 862 of FIG. 12) :
[0161] ○ The UE may be triggered by a dynamic signal such as Downlink Control Infromation (DCI) and / or Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC CE) , and / or a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) to start the monitoring, e.g. to perform steps 856 to 862 of FIG. 12. For example, if a UE receives a wake-up signal (WUS) , the UE may start monitoring the configured CC (s) for SSB (s) . Alternatively, if a UE receives a DCI for a paging signal, the UE may start monitoring configured CC for SSB (s) . If this is an aperiodic monitoring, the number of monitoring instances may be indicated in dynamic signals such as a DCI or MAC-CE.
[0162] ● Step 912: The UE reports monitoring results to the network (an example of step 864 of FIG. 12) :
[0163] ○ The monitoring reports can be pre-configured as periodic or aperiodic and may include the detected signal (e.g., strength of SSB (s) and index of SSB, the orientation of signals (e.g., AoA for beam adjustment) ) .
[0164] ○ The transmission of reports may be done after a certain time gap from the monitoring instances. One report may be sent after each monitoring instance (i.e., one report is sent after one aperiodic monitoring) or one report can be sent after multiple monitoring instances (e.g., if periodic monitoring is configured) .
[0165] ○ The reports may be transmitted on pre-configured resources in time / frequency / spatial domain (s) .
[0166] ○ The reports may be transmitted by the UE using one or more beams with the highest signal strengths measured by the UE.The selection of such beams may be based on UE implementation. These beams may or may not be the same beams that are used later for the connection. Alternatively, the network may configure one or more beams (or beam pairs) for the UE to feedback the measurement results.
[0167] ● Step 914: The network may determine the TRP (s) (and / or associated beams) for communication with the UE and inform such information (or associated information such as related RS) to the UE via configuration or dynamic indication.
[0168] ● Step 916: The network may establish the connection with the UE using the determined TRP (s) (and associated beams) and start communication with the UE, e.g. the network may wake up the UE for fast re-entry and start communication.
[0169] In general, the fast re-entry monitoring configuration included as part of the configuration information of steps 852 / 854 may include one or more of the following:
[0170] ● The CC (s) information such as CC (s) indices for the UE to monitor.
[0171] ● The SSB (s) or other reference signals information which include one or more of the following:
[0172] ○ The CC index that the SSB (s) or RS are transmitted.
[0173] ○ The resources (time / frequency / spatial) used for their transmission, patterns of the signal and / or sequences of the signal.
[0174] ● The receive beam information associated with the transmit beam carrying SSB (s) or other reference signals from a TRP (s) :
[0175] ○ i.e., association between transmit beams from TRP (s) and receive beams at UE (s) ) .
[0176] ● The monitoring window duration and / or period (if periodic monitoring is configured) , or a number of burst monitoring instances (if aperiodic monitoring is configured) .
[0177] ● Signal strength threshold for reporting. For example, if the signal strength measured is above the threshold, the UE may report the results to the network, otherwise, the UE may not report the results to the network.
[0178] The benefits of such techniques of some implementations may include one or more of the following:
[0179] ● Monitoring window may be shortened and thus results in power savings for the UE. Compared to conventional SSB transmission, which transmit the SSB in different time instances from different TP (s) (and / or different beams) , implementations of the present disclosure may require much less time for the UE to monitor the whole SSB transmission cycles and thus may require very less time to scan the whole surrounding for nearby TP (s) (and beams) .
[0180] ● The SSBs and CCs carrying the SSBs may be configured by the network and informed to the UE, thus making the process more flexible and controllable.
[0181] ● Note that the mechanism described herein can also be used for other purposes besides fast re-entry, such as, for example, for fast Dynamic Point Selection (DPS) , where measurement latency is a key consideration. With this mechanism, the measurement can be done in a very short time, thus will lead to fast DPS or dynamic point switching of the UE from TP (s) to be powered off to remaining active TP (s) . This will further result in power savings for the network. Similarly, the same mechanism can be used in a fast mobility operation where the UE may also benefit from fast measurement of potential target TP(s) and therefore fast TP (s) switching due to mobility.
[0182] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0183] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0184] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0185] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0186] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0187] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0188] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0189] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0190] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0191] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0192] Acronyms / Abbreviations / Initialisms
Claims
1.A method comprising:waking up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of component carriers (CCs) for a set of signals during a monitoring window;receiving the set of signals during the monitoring window, wherein for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is received on the CC during the monitoring window; andtransmitting information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the respective subset of the signals received on one CC at least partially overlaps in time with the respective subset of the signals received on another CC.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals received on that CC is received on non-overlapping time-frequency resources of the CC.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein for each CC, the respective subset of the signals that are received on that CC are transmitted from a corresponding network node.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals received on that CC is transmitted on a different beam.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the signals comprises a synchronization signal carried in a respective synchronization signal block (SSB) .7.The method of claim 6, wherein the synchronization signal comprises at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the signals is or is part of a reference signal.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the reference signal is a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) .10.The method of claim 8, wherein the reference signal is a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) .11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the measurements based on the set of signals comprises at least one of:measuring signal strength of one or more of the signals in the set of signals; ormeasuring channel quality associated with one or more of the signals.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the information comprises at least one of: measured signal strength of one or more of the signals or measured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals.13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the information identifies one or more signals associated with a measured signal strength or a measured channel quality.14.The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein prior to waking up, the method comprises receiving configuration information that configures at least one of:the plurality of CCs to be monitored during the monitoring window;a set of time-frequency resources on a CC of the plurality of CCs for receiving a subset of the signals; orthe monitoring window.15.The method of claim 14, further comprising transmitting a mobility parameter to a network node prior to receiving the configuration information, wherein the configuration information is based on the mobility parameter.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the mobility parameter comprises at least one of:an estimated trajectory based on at least one of speed or moving direction of a device; orinformation obtained from sensing of a surrounding environment.17.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; anda memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to:wake up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of component carriers (CCs) for a set of signals during a monitoring window;receive the set of signals during the monitoring window, wherein for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is received on the CC during the monitoring window; andtransmit information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the respective subset of the signals received on one CC at least partially overlaps in time with the respective subset of the signals received on another CC.19.The apparatus of claim 17 or 18, wherein for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals received on that CC is received on non-overlapping time-frequency resources of the CC.20.The apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein for each CC, the respective subset of the signals that are received on that CC are transmitted from a corresponding network node.21.The apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals received on that CC is transmitted on a different beam.22.The apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein each of the signals comprises a synchronization signal carried in a respective synchronization signal block (SSB) .23.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the synchronization signal comprises at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .24.The apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein each of the signals is or is part of a reference signal.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the reference signal is a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) .26.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the reference signal is a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) .27.The apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 26, wherein the measurements based on the set of signals comprises at least one of:measuring signal strength of one or more of the signals in the set of signals; ormeasuring channel quality associated with one or more of the signals.28.The apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 27, wherein the information comprises at least one of: measured signal strength of one or more of the signals or measured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals.29.The apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 28, wherein the information identifies one or more signals associated with a measured signal strength or a measured channel quality.30.The apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 29, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the apparatus to: prior to waking up, receive configuration information that configures at least one of:the plurality of CCs to be monitored during the monitoring window;a set of time-frequency resources on a CC of the plurality of CCs for receiving a subset of the signals; orthe monitoring window.31.The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the apparatus to transmit a mobility parameter to a network node prior to receiving the configuration information, and wherein the configuration information is based on the mobility parameter.32.The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the mobility parameter comprises at least one of:an estimated trajectory based on at least one of speed or moving direction of a device; orinformation obtained from sensing of a surrounding environment.33.A method comprising:transmitting configuration information, wherein the configuration information configures a monitoring window during which a device is to wake up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of component carriers (CCs) for a set of signals;transmitting the set of signals during the monitoring window, wherein for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is transmitted on the CC during the monitoring window; andreceiving information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.34.The method of claim 33, wherein the configuration information configures at least one of:the plurality of CCs to be monitored during the monitoring window;a set of time-frequency resources on a CC of the plurality of CCs on which a subset of the signals is to be transmitted; orthe monitoring window.35.The method of claim 33 or claim 34, wherein the configuration information is based on a mobility parameter received from the device.36.The method of claim 35, wherein the mobility parameter of the device comprises at least one of:an estimated trajectory of the device based on at least one of speed or moving direction of the device; orinformation obtained from sensing of a surrounding environment.37.The method of any one of claims 33 to 36, wherein the respective subset of the signals transmitted on one CC at least partially overlaps in time with the respective subset of the signals transmitted on another CC.38.The method of any one of claims 33 to 37, wherein for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals transmitted on that CC is transmitted on non-overlapping time-frequency resources of the CC.39.The method of any one of claims 33 to 38, wherein for each CC, the respective subset of the signals that are transmitted on that CC are transmitted from a corresponding network node.40.The method of any one of claims 33 to 39, wherein for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals transmitted on that CC is transmitted on a different beam.41.The method of any one of claims 33 to 40, wherein each of the signals comprises a synchronization signal carried in a respective synchronization signal block (SSB) .42.The method of claim 41, wherein the synchronization signal comprises at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .43.The method of any one of claims 33 to 42, wherein each of the signals is or is part of a reference signal.44.The method of claim 43, wherein the reference signal is a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) .45.The method of claim 43, wherein the reference signal is a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) .46.The method of any one of claims 33 to 45, wherein the information is based on at least one of:measured signal strength of one or more of the signals in the set of signals; ormeasured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals.47.The method of any one of claims 33 to 46, wherein the information comprises at least one of: measured signal strength of one or more of the signals or measured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals.48.The method of any one of claims 33 to 47, wherein the information identifies one or more signals associated with a measured signal strength or a measured channel quality.49.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; anda memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause:transmission of configuration information, wherein the configuration information configures a monitoring window during which a device is to wake up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of component carriers (CCs) for a set of signals;transmission of the set of signals during the monitoring window, wherein for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is transmitted on the CC during the monitoring window; andreceipt of information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals.50.The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the configuration information configures at least one of:the plurality of CCs to be monitored during the monitoring window;a set of time-frequency resources on a CC of the plurality of CCs on which a subset of the signals is to be transmitted; orthe monitoring window.51.The apparatus of claim 49 or claim 50, wherein the configuration information is based on a mobility parameter received from the device.52.The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the mobility parameter of the device comprises at least one of:an estimated trajectory of the device based on at least one of speed or moving direction of the device; orinformation obtained from sensing of a surrounding environment.53.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 52, wherein the respective subset of the signals transmitted on one CC at least partially overlaps in time with the respective subset of the signals transmitted on another CC.54.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 53, wherein for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals transmitted on that CC is transmitted on non-overlapping time-frequency resources of the CC.55.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 54, wherein for each CC, the respective subset of the signals that are transmitted on that CC are transmitted from a corresponding network node.56.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 55, wherein for each CC: each signal of the respective subset of the signals transmitted on that CC is transmitted on a different beam.57.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 56, wherein each of the signals comprises a synchronization signal carried in a respective synchronization signal block (SSB) .58.The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the synchronization signal comprises at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .59.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 58, wherein each of the signals is or is part of a reference signal.60.The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the reference signal is a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) .61.The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the reference signal is a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) .62.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 61, wherein the information is based on at least one of:measured signal strength of one or more of the signals in the set of signals; ormeasured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals.63.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 62, wherein the information comprises at least one of: measured signal strength of one or more of the signals or measured channel quality associated with one or more of the signals.64.The apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 63, wherein the information identifies one or more signals associated with a measured signal strength or a measured channel quality.65.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; anda memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 16.66.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; anda memory storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 33 to 48.67.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 16 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 33 to 48.68.A communication system comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, wherein the first communication apparatus is configured to:wake up from a low-power mode to monitor a plurality of component carriers (CCs) for a set of signals during a monitoring window;receive the set of signals during the monitoring window, wherein for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is received on the CC during the monitoring window; andtransmit information obtained from measurements based on the set of signals, andwherein the second communication apparatus is configured to:transmit configuration information, wherein the configuration information configures the monitoring window during which the first communication apparatus is to wake up from the low-power mode to monitor the plurality of CCs for the set of signals;transmit the set of signals during the monitoring window, wherein for each CC of at least two of the plurality of CCs, a respective subset of the signals is transmitted on the CC during the monitoring window; andreceive the information obtained from the measurements based on the set of signals.69.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 16 or any one of claims 33 to 48.70.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 16 or any one of claims 33 to 48.
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