pump
The innovative design of the bearing housing, adapter, and pump cover for hydrogen recirculation pumps addresses noise, leakage, and efficiency issues, enhancing reliability and efficiency by improving load distribution and allowing for modular assembly.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-19
AI Technical Summary
Hydrogen recirculation pumps for PEM fuel cells face challenges such as high noise output, fluid leakage, high failure rates, and high energy consumption, failing to meet flow requirements effectively.
A bearing housing with an offset connecting flange and equi-angularly distributed through-holes, an adapter with a drainage passage, and a pump cover with baffle elements to improve dynamic balance, reduce leakage, and enhance efficiency.
The design enhances the reliability and efficiency of hydrogen recirculation pumps by reducing noise, improving load distribution, and minimizing fluid leakage, while allowing for modular assembly and maintenance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025120103_19032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PUMPTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a hydrogen recirculation pump for a fuel cell system and to components of the hydrogen recirculation pump.BACKGROUND
[0002] Fuel cells are alternative sources of power to internal combustion engines for vehicular propulsion. Fuel cells can be used in small, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles and in trains, aircrafts and ships. Fuel cells generate electricity by combining a fuel with an oxidant. The electricity generated by such fuel cells can be used for any electrical purpose, for example to power homes and electronic devices, as well as being used to power machinery and vehicles via the use of electric motors. Typically, the fuel employed in such fuel cells is Hydrogen (H2) , however alkanes such as Methane (CH4) or alcohols such as Methanol (CH3OH) can be used instead. Likewise, Oxygen (O2) is typically used as the oxidant, however any oxygen-containing gas mixture, such as atmospheric air (amixture of Nitrogen N2 and Oxygen O2) may be used as an alternative.
[0003] Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, also called polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell that is often used for vehicular propulsion. PEM fuel cells comprise an anode and a cathode separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane in a layered structure. The anode and cathode are connected to one another via an electrical load. During use, Hydrogen (the fuel) is delivered to the anode side of the cell and atmospheric air (the oxidant) is delivered to the cathode side of the cell. The anode is provided with a platinum catalyst which acts to reduce the Hydrogen so that it is positively charged, by “stripping” it of its single electron. The Hydrogen ions and electrons formed at the catalyst are able to react with the Oxygen component of the air to which the cathode is exposed, and are thereby attracted to the Oxygen by their electrical charges. In order to reach the Oxygen, the Hydrogen ions take a direct path from the anode side to the cathode side of the cell by permeating through the polymer electrolyte membrane. However, the polymer electrolyte membrane is configured to exclude the passage of electrons therethrough. Unable to pass through the membrane, the electrons pass from the anode to the cathode via the attached electrical load, thereby producing electrical power that can be extracted for useful purposes. Once the Hydrogen ions and electrons reach the cathode, both react with the Oxygen component of the air to which the cathode is exposed, thus creating water (H2O) .
[0004] There is often a surplus of hydrogen and the unused hydrogen can be returned to an inlet of a fuel cell via a recirculation path using a hydrogen recirculation pump (also known as an anode or hydrogen recirculation blower or a side channel compressor) to increase the fuel cell efficiency.
[0005] It is currently difficult for hydrogen recirculation pumps to meet the flow requirements of PEM fuel cells. Hydrogen recirculation pumps are also known to have loud noise output, high cost, unacceptable levels of fluid leakage, high failure rates and high energy consumption (in-use and parasitic) . It is an object of the present invention to overcome one or more of these disadvantages.SUMMARY
[0006] According to a first aspect there is provided a bearing housing for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the bearing housing comprising: a body configured to receive one or more bearings, the one or more bearings being configured to support rotation of an impeller about a longitudinal axis; and a connecting flange configured to engage the impeller, the connecting flange extending around and radially outward of the body; and wherein the connecting flange is offset along the longitudinal axis, from an axial midpoint of the body.
[0007] The term “offset along the longitudinal axis, from an axial midpoint of the body” encompasses the connecting flange being disposed towards a first end of the body. The axial midpoint of the body encompasses a midpoint along the longitudinal axis between a distal most first end of the body and a distal most second end which is opposite the distal most first end. As the connecting flange is configured to engage the impeller, by the connecting flange being axially offset the deformation of the impeller during assembly may be reduced. In addition, the connecting flange being axially offset from the axial midpoint of the body allows for improved dynamic balance adjustment, weight reduction in the bearing housing and hence improves the reliability of the impeller. The bearing housing having a connecting flange is further advantageous for ease of assembly of the bearing housing with the impeller, and / or in other embodiments for connection of the bearing housing with other rotatable bodies.
[0008] The connecting flange may comprise at least two through-holes configured to receive a connector there through, and wherein the at least two through-holes are equi-angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis.
[0009] The through-holes being equi-angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis may promote equal load bearing and load distribution through the connecting flange. Being able to engage the impeller using connectors also mitigates against press fitting the bearing assembly to the impeller which may cause early failure of the impeller.
[0010] Each of the through-holes may define an axis which extends in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis.
[0011] The number of through-holes may be an even number. The number of through-holes being an even number and being equi-angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis provides reflectional and rotational symmetry about the longitudinal axis. This is advantageous as there is equal load distribution through the connecting flange. The number of through-holes being an even number further promotes rotational balance and adequate retention of the connected components connected to the bearing housing.
[0012] The body may comprise a generally cylindrical wall having a radially outer face which the connecting flange extends around, and a radially inner face; the bearing housing may further comprise an annular inner flange, the annular inner flange may extend radially inwards from the inner face.
[0013] The annular inner flange may be located at the axial midpoint of the body.
[0014] The annular inner flange may be axially spaced from the connecting flange. That is to say that the connecting flange and inner flange do not axially overlap.
[0015] The body may define a first cavity for receiving a first bearing, and the first cavity may be defined at least in part by the annular inner flange.
[0016] The inner flange may limit axial movement of the first bearing. This is beneficial for improving the reliability of the bearing housing when used in a bearing assembly. The term “first bearing” encompasses a bearing set which may comprise an inner track, and outer track and at least one bearing (e.g. a ball) between the tracks.
[0017] The body may further define a second cavity for receiving a second bearing, the second cavity may be defined at least in part by the annular inner flange, wherein the first and second cavity may be axially spaced and the first and second cavity may be separated by the annular inner flange.
[0018] The term “second bearing” encompasses a bearing set which may comprise an inner track, and outer track and at least one bearing (e.g. a ball) between the tracks.
[0019] The inner flange may limit axial movement of the first and second bearing; this is beneficial for improving the reliability of the bearing housing when used in a bearing assembly. The first and second cavities may be of equal size, that it to say they may have the same inner diameter and axial extent, accordingly bearings in the first cavity may be the same as in the second cavity.
[0020] The body may be rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis. This provides ease of assembly of the bearing housing in a bearing assembly and when assembled in a pump assembly. The body being rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis also allows for improved serviceability, improved integrity of impeller that the bearing housing engages and improved dynamic balance.
[0021] The connecting flange may comprise an annular wall.
[0022] According to a second aspect, there is provided a hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0023] a pump assembly comprising:
[0024] a pump cover defining an inlet and an outlet; and
[0025] an impeller located within a pump chamber defined at least in part by the pump cover; a motor assembly comprising: a motor housing;
[0026] a motor located within the motor housing and configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;
[0027] an adapter provided between the pump cover and the motor housing configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, the motor housing and pump cover; and
[0028] a bearing housing according to the first aspect disposed, at least in part, radially inwards of the adapter element, and wherein the connecting flange engages an impeller.
[0029] According to a third aspect there is provided an adapter for a hydrogen recirculation pump, wherein the adapter is configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, a motor housing and pump cover;
[0030] the adapter defining a longitudinal axis and comprising:
[0031] a wall encircling the longitudinal axis;
[0032] the wall having a front face for engagement with the pump cover, and a rear face, opposite the front face, for engagement with the motor housing;
[0033] wherein the wall comprises a drainage passage, configured to convey a liquid to an outlet passage of the pump cover.
[0034] The adapter encompasses means for connecting the motor housing and the pump housing together. That is to say the adapter permits for assembly of a modular hydrogen recirculation pump, whereby the motor housing and pump housing can be detached and reattached from the adapter.
[0035] The wall encircling the longitudinal axis may be an annular wall.
[0036] The provision of a drainage passage in the adapter is advantageous as it allows for a liquid, primarily water to drain from the pump assembly. The drainage passage may be in fluid communication with an outlet passage of the pump cover. In particular, the liquid may be able to drain into a hydrogen supply circuit and increase the volume fluid there.
[0037] The front face of the adapter may have a profile that is complementary to the pump cover. In particular, the front face of the adapter may have a profile that conforms to the back face of an impeller that is located in the pump cover. This is beneficial as flow restrictions and leakage reduction may be improved and hence efficiency of the pump that the adapter is connected to may be improved and it allows for a compact hydrogen recirculation pump to be assembled.
[0038] The cross section of the drainage passage may be a slot.
[0039] The term “slot” encompasses a long and narrow aperture. Where the wall of the adapter is an annular wall the term “slot” encompasses an opening which extends in an axial, radial and circumferential direction in an annular wall, relative to the longitudinal axis, and its extent in the circumferential direction is greater than its radial or axial extent. In particular, the cross sectional profile of the drainage passage in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal passage may be an elongated slot.
[0040] In use, the adapter may be orientated for liquid to pass through the drainage passage to an outlet passage of the pump cover under the action of gravity. This mitigates against the pooling of liquid in other regions of the pump assembly.
[0041] The adapter may further comprise a flange, wherein, with respect to the longitudinal axis, the flange is radially outboard of the wall. The flange may be an annular flange.
[0042] The adapter may further comprise at least one tool recess that is configured to engage a tool. In particular, the tool may be for holding the adapter element and the tool may further be used to remove the adapter element from engagement with the pump cover and / or the motor housing.
[0043] The term “tool recess” encompasses a stepped or recessed groove.
[0044] The at least on tool recess allows for a tool to engage with the adapter which in turn allows for ease of assembly and disassembly of the adapter with the pump cover and / or the motor housing. This improves the ability to the readily interchange components of the hydrogen recirculation pump.
[0045] The adapter element may comprise a plurality of tool recesses. The plurality of tool recesses may be equi-angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis
[0046] The at least one tool recess may be provided in the flange. The tool recess may be circumferentially discrete. That is to say the tool recess extends around part of the circumference of the flange. Put another way, the tool recess may have a circumferential width and axial depth.
[0047] The adapter may further comprise at least one through-hole configured to receive a connector to connect the adapter to the pump cover and the motor housing. The term “connector” encompasses a fastener, for example a screw or a bolt, or any other suitable connection means. The adapter may be connected to the pump cover and / or the motor housing using a clamp.
[0048] The at least one through-hole may extend through the flange. The through-holes may comprise an axis that extends in a direction that is parallel with the longitudinal axis.
[0049] The adapter may comprise a plurality of through-holes configured to receive a respective connector to connect the adapter to the pump cover and the motor housing. The plurality of through-holes may be equi-angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis. In particular, the plurality of through-holes may extend through the flange.
[0050] The adapter may comprise an alignment arrangement or alignment feature. That is to say, the adapter may comprise a protrusion or a recess that is complementary to a protrusion or recess on the pump cover and / or the motor housing. Providing an alignment feature ensures that the adapter is installed in the correct orientation with respect to the pump cover and / or motor housing. This mitigates against the adapter being installed in the wrong orientation. The adapter may comprise multiple identical alignment features (e.g. protrusions or recess) and the pump cover and / or motor housing may comprise complementary recess or protrusions to allow the adapter to be connected to the pump cover and / or motor housing in multiple orientations. This is turn may increase the ease of assembly of a hydrogen recirculation pump comprising an adapter.
[0051] The plurality of through-holes may not be equi-angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis, by not being equally angularly spaced this mitigates against the adapter being provided in the wrong orientation.
[0052] The adapter may comprise a groove that is configured to receive a sealing member for sealing between the adapter and the pump cover. Providing a seal between the adapter and the pump cover helps to mitigate against fluid leakage from the pump assembly.
[0053] The groove may be an annular groove, and the sealing member may be an annular seal. The annular seal may be a ring seal or an O-ring seal.
[0054] The annular groove may be provided at an interface between the wall and the flange. Providing the groove at an interface between the wall and the flange may allow for a compact design, for a secure seal between the pump cover and adapter to be achieved, and may allow for the seal to be easily located and retained.
[0055] According to a fourth aspect there is provided hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0056] a pump assembly;
[0057] a motor assembly; and
[0058] an adapter according to the third aspect, the adapter being connected to and providing an interface between the motor assembly and the pump assembly.
[0059] The pump assembly may comprise:
[0060] a pump cover defining an inlet and an outlet; and
[0061] an impeller located within the pump cover;
[0062] the motor assembly comprises:
[0063] a motor housing;
[0064] a motor located within the motor housing and configured to, via a linkage, drive rotation of the impeller about a longitudinal axis of the pump assembly; and
[0065] wherein the adapter provides an interface between, the motor housing and the pump cover.
[0066] The front face of the adapter may have a conformal profile, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis with an adjacent face of the impeller. That is to say that the front face may conform to a rear cover of the impeller.
[0067] It will be appreciated that the adapter of the third aspect may be used with the hydrogen recirculation pump of the second aspect. Features of the hydrogen recirculation pump of the fourth aspect may be combined with the bearing housing and the hydrogen recirculation pump of the second aspect.
[0068] According to a fifth aspect there is provided a pump cover for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the pump cover comprising:
[0069] an inlet passage configured to receive intake fluid;
[0070] an impeller chamber in fluid communication with the inlet passage, the impeller chamber configured to receive an impeller for rotation about a longitudinal axis; and
[0071] an outlet passage in fluid communication with the impeller chamber;
[0072] an end wall which defines at least part of the impeller chamber;
[0073] a side wall extending axially from the end wall, the side wall defining at least part of the impeller chamber and the outlet passage;
[0074] wherein the impeller chamber comprises a circumferentially extending concave side channel concentric to the longitudinal axis and defined at least in part by the end wall and the side wall, the side channel extending between the inlet passage and the outlet passage;
[0075] wherein an axially extending baffle element is located in the side channel;
[0076] the baffle element comprises a rib and the rib extends in a circumferential direction and in a radial direction from the side wall towards the longitudinal axis.
[0077] The term “inlet passage” may be interchangeably be referred to as an “inlet” . The intake fluid may be a gas, in particular the intake fluid may be hydrogen or it may be a mixture of hydrogen with air and / or other gases. The term “outlet passage” may be interchangeably be referred to as an “outlet” . The side wall may be an annular side wall. The term “side channel” encompasses a circumferentially extending passage configured to permit the flow of fluid from the inlet to the outlet.
[0078] The presence of a baffle element is advantageous because it improves the efficiency of the pump assembly by restricting the reverse flow of gas in the side channel after a buildup of pressure in the impeller chamber. The term “rib” encompasses a protrusion extending in an axial and radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis.
[0079] The impeller chamber may comprise a support region disposed radially inboard of the side wall and located on the longitudinal axis. The support region may define at least part of the side channel. The rib may be a first rib and the baffle element may further comprise a second rib extending in a circumferential direction and in a radial direction from the impeller support region away from the longitudinal axis. A flow restriction may be formed between an end of the first rib and an opposing end of the second rib.
[0080] The term “support region” encompasses a central portion region of the pump cover that is radially inboard of the side wall. The support region may be arranged to indirectly support rotation of the impeller. By way of example, the support region may be configured to receive a spigot which a bearing assembly is disposed around.
[0081] The baffle element may comprise an axially extending intermediate wall portion connecting the first and second rib. The intermediate wall portion may define at least part of the flow restriction. The axial extent of the intermediate wall portion may be less than the axial extent of the first and / or second rib.
[0082] The intermediate wall portion may define at least in part the flow restriction. The baffle element may extend along a baffle axis within a first plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The intermediate wall portion may have an arcuate profile in a second plane, the second plane may extend through the baffle axis and the second plane may be perpendicular to the first plane.
[0083] The intermediate wall portion may have an arcuate profile in a plane perpendicular to a bulk fluid flow direction through the flow restriction when in use.
[0084] At least a portion of the baffle element may extend axially across an entire height of the side channel. That is to say that the baffle element may extend from a base of the side channel proximate the end wall axially across the height of the side channel. The baffle element may not have a constant axial depth. The first and / or second rib and / or intermediate wall portion may not have a constant axial depth.
[0085] The baffle element may not extend axially across the entire height of the side channel.
[0086] The support region may comprise an axially and circumferentially extending support wall which defines at least part of the side channel. The baffle element may extend along a baffle axis within a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein, in the plane, a nominal axis may extend in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis from a point on the support wall where the second rib extends from. An angle subtended between the baffle axis and the nominal axis may be between around 15 degrees and around 30 degrees.
[0087] The angle being between around 15 degrees and around 30 degrees may improve the efficiency of the pump assembly which the pump cover forms part of when in use.
[0088] The outlet passage may extend along a generally radial, relative to the longitudinal axis, outlet passage axis, and the baffle element may extend along a baffle axis within a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The angle subtended between the baffle axis and the outlet passage axis may be between around 15 degrees and around 30 degrees.
[0089] The baffle axis may be a curved axis. That is to say, the baffle axis may follow an arcuate path.
[0090] The baffle element may be integrally formed with the pump cover.
[0091] The pump cover may comprise a second baffle element, the second baffle element may comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced axially extending deflection ribs. The term “axially extending deflection rib” encompasses a protrusion extending at least in the axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis.
[0092] The deflection ribs may have a generally rectangular cross-sectional profile in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
[0093] The plurality of deflection ribs may be circumferentially spaced along a centerline of the side channel. The term “centerline of the side channel” encompasses a line that extends along the base of the side channel and is equidistant from the support wall and the side wall. In embodiments which do not comprise a support wall, the centerline may be a line that extends along the base of the side channel and is equidistant from the longitudinal axis and the side wall.
[0094] The plurality of deflection ribs may be radially inboard of a centerline of the side channel.
[0095] At least a portion of one of the plurality of deflection ribs may extend axially across the entire height of the side channel. Where a portion of a deflection rib extends across the entire axial height of the side channel said portion may not extend across an entire radial width of the side channel, as this may substantially prevent flow through the side channel.
[0096] The plurality of deflection ribs may not extend axially across the entire height of the side channel.
[0097] According to a sixth aspect there is provided a hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0098] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising a pump cover according the fifth aspect;
[0099] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising a motor housing; and
[0100] an adapter provided between the pump cover and the motor housing configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, the motor housing and the pump cover.
[0101] The pump assembly may comprise an impeller located within the impeller chamber; and a motor may be located within the motor housing and may be configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about the longitudinal axis. A bearing housing may be disposed, at least in part, radially inwards of the adapter, the bearing housing may comprise a bearing configured to support at least part of the linkage.
[0102] In use, the hydrogen recirculation pump may be orientated such that the outlet passage is located at a lowermost portion with respect to gravity.
[0103] It will be appreciated that features of the hydrogen recirculation pump of the sixth aspect may be combined with features of the hydrogen recirculation pump of the second or fourth aspects.
[0104] According to a seventh aspect there is provided a pump cover for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the pump cover comprising:
[0105] an end wall;
[0106] an annular side wall, extending from the end wall;
[0107] an impeller chamber configured to receive an impeller for rotation within the impeller chamber about a longitudinal axis, the impeller chamber being at least partly defined by the end wall and the annular side wall;
[0108] the impeller chamber comprising a support region disposed radially inboard of the side wall, and the support region having a center coincident with the longitudinal axis;
[0109] an inlet opening provided in the end wall;
[0110] an outlet opening;
[0111] wherein the inlet opening and the outlet opening are circumferentially spaced apart, and separated by a tongue extending between the side wall and the support region; and
[0112] wherein the end wall further comprises a concave side channel which places the inlet opening in fluid communication with the outlet opening, wherein the side channel extends circumferentially from the inlet opening to the outlet opening and is at least partly defined by the support region.
[0113] The outlet opening may be provided in the side wall. The outlet opening may be configured to deliver gas, in particular hydrogen and / or air to a pipe, ejector or any suitable passage or device.
[0114] The tongue substantially prevents gaseous flow between the inlet opening and the outlet opening without passing through the side channel.
[0115] The side channel may comprise a baffle.
[0116] The inlet opening is provided in the end wall, this is beneficial as reflux of fluid is mitigated against and icing at the inlet opening is reduced, thus allowing the hydrogen recirculation pump to operate efficiently in cold environments
[0117] A radially inner face of a distal most end of the side wall, relative to the end wall, may define a main diameter. The side wall may comprise a first stepped portion adjacent the distal most end, the first stepped portion may define a first step diameter that is less than the main diameter. The side wall may further comprise a second stepped portion adjacent the first stepped portion, the second stepped portion may define a second step diameter that is less than the first step diameter.
[0118] The term “main diameter” encompasses a distance between a radially inner face of the annular side wall, which passes through the longitudinal axis. The side wall having a stepped portion, encompasses the side wall having a region with a diameter that is different to the main diameter, and in particular may be less than the main diameter. That is to say that the first stepped portion may be a region having a constant diameter (the first step diameter) along its axial length, and the first step diameter is less than the main diameter. The change in diameter from the main diameter to the first step diameter may be a sudden change, or the change in diameter may be gradual. For example, there may be an inclined region between the first stepped portion and the distal most end of the side wall. Likewise, the second stepped portion may be a region having a constant diameter (the first step diameter) along its axial length, and the second step diameter is less than the first step diameter. The change in diameter from the first step diameter to the second step diameter may be a sudden change, or the change in diameter may be gradual. For example, there may be an inclined region between the first stepped portion and the second stepped portion of the side wall.
[0119] Providing the first stepped portion aids in aligning the impeller in the pump cover and with an adapter and / or motor cover. Providing the second stepped portion is advantageous for reducing leakage from the side channel.
[0120] In use the pump cover may be orientated to allow condensate to pass through the outlet opening under the action of gravity. In operation of the pump assembly, which may include start-up and shut-down, gas flow through the side channel may also promote movement of any condensate to pass through the outlet opening. However, when there is little or no gas flow through the side channel it is beneficial that condensate can pass through the outlet opening under the action of gravity.
[0121] In use, the outlet opening is located at a lowermost, with respect to the direction of gravity, periphery of the side wall.
[0122] The pump cover may further comprise a liquid drain opening adjacent the outlet opening, the liquid drain opening may extend through the side wall. The liquid drain opening permits water and other liquids to drain from the pump, this is beneficial for mitigating against ice forming in the pump assembly, particularly when operating the pump assembly in a cold environment.
[0123] A liquid drain passage may extend from the support region through the tongue to the liquid drain opening and may be configured to direct liquid from the support region to the liquid drain opening. The liquid drain passage extending from the support region through the tongue is advantageous to mitigate against ice forming at and near the inlet opening.
[0124] The outlet pipe may be defined by a generally cylindrical wall extending radially outward from the side wall at the outlet opening, and wherein an outer surface of the cylindrical wall may comprise two spaced apart grooves which extend circumferentially around the outer surface, each groove configured to receive a sealing member. In some embodiments a single groove may be provided. It is known that it is difficult to seal against hydrogen gas, therefore providing one or more sealing elements mitigates against leakage of hydrogen from the pump assembly.
[0125] The grooves may be axially spaced relative to an axis of the cylindrical wall. The sealing members may be annular seals. The sealing members may be an o-ring seal. Where the cylindrical wall comprises one groove, it will be appreciated that only a single sealing member may be provided.
[0126] A radially outer face of the annular side wall comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced protrusions. Each of the protrusions may comprise an axially extending hole configured to receive a connector for connection of the pump cover with an adapter and / or a motor housing. The term “protrusions” encompasses lugs and / or ears extending from the outer face of the annular side wall.
[0127] The pump cover may further comprise a flange adjacent the end wall and radially outboard of the annular side wall. The flange may define an interface for mounting the pump cover. The flange may comprise a plurality of axial through-holes configured to receive connectors. The presence of a flange may support mounting of the pump cover to a manifold. In other embodiments the flange may be used to supporting mounting the pump cover to a chassis, or mounting brackets.
[0128] The side channel may comprise at least one baffle element configured to create a flow restriction in the side channel.
[0129] According to an eighth aspect there is provided a hydrogen recirculation pump comprising: a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising: a pump cover according to the seventh aspect; and a motor assembly.
[0130] The pump assembly may further comprise an impeller located within the impeller chamber, the impeller being supported for rotation within the impeller chamber. The motor assembly may comprise a motor housing. A motor may be located within the motor housing and may be configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis. An adapter may be provided between the pump cover and the motor housing, the adapter may be connected to both the motor housing and pump cover. A bearing housing may be disposed, at least in part, radially inboard of the adapter, the bearing housing comprising a bearing configured to support at least part of the linkage.
[0131] It will be appreciated that features of the hydrogen recirculation pump of the eighth aspect may be combined with features of the hydrogen recirculation pump of the second, fourth or sixth aspects. It will be appreciated that features of the pump cover of the seventh aspect may be combined with features of the pump cover of the fifth aspect.
[0132] According to a ninth aspect there is provided an impeller for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the impeller comprising:
[0133] an impeller body, the impeller body comprising:
[0134] a generally disk-shaped rear cover defining a central axis, and the rear cover having a generally arcuate profile in a plane parallel to the central axis, the arcuate profile defining a concave face; and
[0135] a generally disk-shaped central connection plate radially inboard of the rear cover;
[0136] wherein a plurality of axially extending blades are disposed on the concave face of the rear cover and each of the plurality of blades extends in a radial and circumferential direction from the connection plate; and
[0137] wherein a radially outermost portion of the rear cover comprises an outwardly facing and axially extending protrusion for forming a seal with a pump cover.
[0138] The term “outwardly facing” encompasses a protrusion which extends axially outwards, relative to the central axis. That is to say, the protrusion extends in a direction away from the concave face. The protrusion may be integrally formed with the impeller body. The term “outwardly facing and axially extending protrusion” encompasses a region of the rear cover which deviates from an arcuate path of a convex face of the rear cover. Providing the outwardly facing and axially extending protrusion is advantageous as it may increase the axial length of a leakage path between the impeller and a wall of a pump cover, this in turn may reduce total leakage from a pump assembly and increase the efficiency of the impeller. The term “protrusion” may encompass a rim.
[0139] The protrusion may extend around the circumference of the rear cover. The protrusion may extend around an entire circumference of the rear cover.
[0140] The radially outermost portion of the rear cover may comprise at least one circumferentially extending groove. This is advantageous, as in use, the groove may form a labyrinth seal with an opposing wall of the pump cover. The radially outermost portion of the rear cover may comprise two circumferentially extending grooves.
[0141] The connection plate may comprise a through-hole, coincident with the central axis, for receiving at least part of a bearing assembly.
[0142] The connection plate may comprise at least one fastener connection through-hole for receiving a connector for connection with a magnetic coupling arrangement. The fastener connection through-hole may be radially outboard of the connection through hole.
[0143] The connection plate may comprise a plurality of fastener connection through-holes and the fastener connection through-holes may be equally circumferentially spaced about the central axis. The plurality of fastener connection through-holes may be radially outboard of the connection through hole.
[0144] Each of the plurality of blades may be backswept relative to a radial direction from the central axis. The term backswept blade encompasses blades have a varying blade angle from a tip of the blade towards the connection plate which sweeps back in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the impeller when in use. That is to say the inclination direction of the impeller blades is opposite to the rotation direction of the impeller in use. It is beneficial to use backswept blades as these may provide an improved mass flow rate of the pump assembly in use.
[0145] Each of the plurality of blades may define a leading edge, the leading edge may define a blade incline angle being inclined relative to a radial direction originating from the central axis in a negative angular direction relative to the direction of rotation of the impeller during use. All points of the leading edge may define a local blade incline angle relative to the radial direction, and wherein all local blade incline angles on the leading edge may be inclined in the negative angular direction relative to the radial direction by between around 10 degrees to around 30 degrees. All local blade incline angles on the leading edge may be inclined in the negative angular direction relative to the radial direction by around 20 degrees.
[0146] When the blade is straight blade the incline angle may be substantially constant for all points on the leading edge. But in other embodiments, the leading edge may define a local blade incline angle which varies between the root of the blade and the tip of the blade, but all local blade incline angles should be negative, where negative mean an angle in a direction opposite to the positive rotation of the impeller in use.
[0147] All local blade incline angles on the leading edge may be inclined in the negative angular direction relative to the radial direction by between around 10 degrees to around 30 degrees. All local blade incline angles on the leading edge may be inclined in the negative angular direction relative to the radial direction by around 20 degrees.
[0148] The impeller may be formed from an aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
[0149] The number of blades may be between around 30 to around 50.
[0150] According to a tenth aspect there is provided a pump assembly for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the pump assembly comprising:
[0151] a pump cover, the pump cover comprising:
[0152] an inlet passage configured to receive intake fluid;
[0153] an impeller chamber in fluid communication with the inlet passage;
[0154] an outlet passage in fluid communication with the impeller chamber;
[0155] an end wall which defines at least part of the impeller chamber;
[0156] a side wall extending axially from the end wall, the side wall defining at least part of the impeller chamber;
[0157] wherein the impeller chamber comprises a circumferentially extending concave side channel concentric to the longitudinal axis and defined at least in part by the end wall and the side wall, the side channel extending between the inlet passage and the outlet passage; and
[0158] an impeller according to the ninth aspect disposed in the impeller chamber and supported for rotation about the central axis.
[0159] The inlet passage may be at least partially defined by the end wall. The outlet passage may be at least partially defined by the side wall.
[0160] It will be appreciated that the pump assembly of the tenth aspect may be combined with the pump cover of the fifth or seventh aspect, and may be combined with the hydrogen recirculation pumps of the second, fourth, sixth, or eighth aspects.
[0161] According to an eleventh aspect there is provided hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0162] a pump assembly according to the tenth aspect;
[0163] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising a motor housing; and
[0164] an adapter provided between the pump cover and the motor housing configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, the motor housing and the pump cover.
[0165] A motor may be located within the motor housing and may be configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about the longitudinal axis. A bearing housing may be disposed, at least in part, radially inwards of the adapter, the bearing housing comprising a bearing configured to support at least part of the linkage.
[0166] It will be appreciated that features of the hydrogen recirculation pump of the eleventh aspect may be combined with features of the hydrogen recirculation pumps of the second, fourth, sixth, or eighth aspects.
[0167] According to a twelfth aspect there is provided a modular hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0168] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0169] a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; and
[0170] an impeller located within the impeller chamber;
[0171] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0172] a motor housing;
[0173] wherein a motor is located within the motor housing and is configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;
[0174] an adapter provided between the pump assembly and the motor assembly, the adapter being mounted to both the motor housing and the pump cover;
[0175] wherein the pump cover is mounted to the adapter by a first connection arrangement which permits the pump cover to be detached from the adapter and reattached to the adapter, and the motor housing is mounted to the adapter by a second connection arrangement which permits the motor housing to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter.
[0176] The term “modular” encompasses being able to disassemble and re-assemble two or more components from one another. The first connection arrangement may include at least one connector or fastener. The first connection arrangement may include a clamp. The term “mounted” encompasses connecting respective components to one another and said components being adjacent one another and / or abutting each other. In some instances, “mounting” may include components having an interference fit. Providing a modular hydrogen recirculation pump is advantageous as it allows for components to be individually replaced for example ifa particular component fails, and during servicing and maintenance. Having a modular hydrogen recirculation pump may further allow for various sized pump covers and motor housings to be connected to one other via the adapter. That is to say a single motor housing may be configured to be connected with various pump covers, each pump cover differing in size, and vice versa.
[0177] The term “linkage” throughout the specification unless otherwise stated encompasses any suitable means for transmitting rotation from the motor to the impeller. The linkage may be a mechanical linkage such as a common shaft, or it may be s shaft-less linkage for example by using magnetic coupling means.
[0178] The first connection arrangement and / or second connection arrangement may comprise a plurality of connectors.
[0179] A bearing housing may be disposed, at least in part, radially inwards, relative to the longitudinal axis, of the adapter, the bearing housing may comprise a bearing configured to support at least part of the linkage.
[0180] The linkage may further comprise:
[0181] a magnetic coupling arrangement, the magnetic coupling arrangement may comprise: a first permanent magnet fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor; and a second permanent magnet fixedly connected to the impeller; wherein a motor end cover may be provided adjacent the adapter, and the motor end cover may be located between the first and second permanent magnets; and
[0182] wherein the first and second permanent magnets may exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation therebetween such that a rotation of the drive shaft and first permanent magnet is transmitted to the second permanent magnet and the impeller.
[0183] The first and second permanent magnets may each comprise a plurality of permanent magnets. The term “a first permanent magnet fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor” encompasses direct and indirect connection between the permanent magnet and the drive shaft. The term “a second permanent magnet fixedly connected to the impeller” encompasses direct and indirect connection between the permanent magnet and the impeller.
[0184] The second permanent magnet may be fixedly connected to the impeller via a magnetic coupling body.
[0185] The motor end cover may be formed from a non-magnetically permeable material.
[0186] The motor end cover may be formed from a polymer or a plastic. The motor end cover may be formed from Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)
[0187] The motor end cover may be secured to the motor housing by a plurality of connectors.
[0188] The motor assembly may comprise an electrical connection interface configured to connect the motor to a power source for driving the motor. The power source may be any suitable power source such as a battery, or a mains power supply.
[0189] The electrical connection interface may be integrally formed with the motor housing.
[0190] The electrical connection interface may be radially outboard, with respect to the longitudinal axis, of the motor housing.
[0191] The motor assembly may comprise a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature inside the motor housing, and the motor assembly may further comprise a temperature sensor connection interface configured to transmit a sensed temperature.
[0192] The temperature sensor connection interface may be integrally formed with the motor housing.
[0193] The temperature sensor connection interface may be provided radially outboard, with respect to the longitudinal axis, of the motor housing.
[0194] The pump cover may comprise:
[0195] an end wall;
[0196] an annular side wall, extending from the end wall;
[0197] wherein the end wall and the annular side wall may at least partly define the impeller chamber; and
[0198] a flange adjacent to the end wall and radially outboard of the annular side wall, the flange may define an interface for engagement with a manifold and comprising a plurality of holes configured to receive connectors for securing the flange to the manifold.
[0199] According to a thirteenth aspect there is provided a kit of parts for a modular hydrogen recirculation pump, the kit of parts comprising:
[0200] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0201] a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; and
[0202] an impeller configured to be located within the impeller chamber;
[0203] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0204] a motor housing;
[0205] wherein a motor is configured to be located within the motor housing and is configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;
[0206] an adapter, wherein the adapter is configured to be provided between the pump assembly and the motor assembly, and the adapter is configured to be mounted to the motor housing and the pump cover,
[0207] wherein the pump cover is configured to be mounted to the adapter by a first connection arrangement which permits the pump cover to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter, and the motor housing is configured to be mounted to the adapter by a second connection arrangement which permits the motor housing to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter.
[0208] It will be appreciated that features of the twelfth and thirteenth aspects may be combined with features of any of the first to eleventh aspects.
[0209] According to a fourteenth aspect there is provided a coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising:
[0210] a coupling body, the coupling body including: a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body; and a magnet retaining portion; and wherein a permanent magnet is received in the magnet retaining portion.
[0211] The term “rotatable body” encompasses at least an impeller and a shaft including a rotor shaft and a drive shaft. In some embodiments the connecting portion may be integrally formed with the rotatable body, in particular the rotatable body may be integrally formed with a shaft.
[0212] The coupling body may be a generally cylindrical body having a central axis;
[0213] the coupling body may comprise a through-hole, coincident with the central axis, which may extend through the coupling body and defines at least part of the connecting portion; and
[0214] wherein a first end of the coupling body comprises an annular recess which defines the magnet retaining portion. The annular recess may be radially outboard and concentric with the through-hole.
[0215] The first end of the coupling body may comprise a flange, and the flange may define part of the annular recess.
[0216] At the first end of the coupling body the through-hole may have a first diameter; and at a region axially spaced from the magnet retaining portion the through-hole may have a second diameter. The second diameter may be greater than the first diameter. The second diameter being greater than the first diameter allows for a bearing assembly to be received in the through hole. Further, an increased cross-sectional area may be achieved which allows for increased area in the recessed portion for the permanent magnet (s) to be provided.
[0217] The through-hole may be configured to receive at least part of a shaft or a spigot. The through-hole may also receive at least part of a bearing assembly that supports the impeller for rotation.
[0218] A wall of the coupling body which at least partially defines the through-hole may be mounted to the shaft. In some embodiments the wall of the coupling body may be integrally formed with the shaft.
[0219] A second end of the coupling body, which is opposite the first end, may comprise at least one axially extending fastening hole, the at least one fastening hole may be configured to receive a connector to connect the coupling member to an impeller. The coupling body may comprise a plurality of fastening holes. The plurality of fastening holes may be equally angularly spaced about a central axis. The fastening holes may be threaded holes. The fastening holes may not extend all of the way through the coupling body.
[0220] An adhesive is provided between the permanent magnet and the magnet retaining portion to retain the permanent magnet in the magnet retaining portion.
[0221] The permanent magnet may have an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis.
[0222] A plurality of permanent magnets may be provided in the magnet retaining portion.
[0223] The plurality of magnets may be equally circumferentially disposed about the central axis. That is to say that the plurality of permanent magnets are positioned about a central axis with equal spacing between each permanent magnet. In some instances, the permanent magnets may abut one another such that there is no space between adjacent permanent magnets.
[0224] Agap of around between 0 mm to around 1 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets. A gap of between around 0.1 mm to around 1 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets. A gap of around 0.5 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets.
[0225] The gap may be constant at various radial locations between adjacent magnets.
[0226] The coupling body may be formed from a magnetically permeable material.
[0227] According to a fifteenth aspect there is provided magnetic coupling arrangement for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the magnetic coupling comprising:
[0228] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to the fourteenth aspect,
[0229] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to an impeller of a pump, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to the fourteenth aspect; and
[0230] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members.
[0231] A gap of between around 3.5 mm to around 4 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm. A gap of around 3.5 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3.4 Nm. A gap of around 4 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm.
[0232] According to a sixteenth aspect there is provided a hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0233] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0234] a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; and
[0235] an impeller located within the impeller chamber;
[0236] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0237] a motor housing; and
[0238] a motor provided in the motor housing;
[0239] a magnetic coupling configured to provide a linkage between the motor and the impeller to allow the motor to rotationally drive the impeller about a longitudinal axis;
[0240] wherein the magnetic coupling comprises:
[0241] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to the fourteenth aspect, or is a first coupling member of the coupling arrangement of the fifteenth aspect; and
[0242] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to the impeller, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to the fourteenth aspect, or is a second coupling member of the coupling arrangement of the fifteenth aspect;
[0243] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members such that a rotation of the drive shaft and the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member and the impeller.
[0244] A hydrogen recirculation pump may further comprise an adapter, the adapter may be connected to and provide an interface between the motor assembly and the pump assembly.
[0245] The first coupling member may be mounted to a drive shaft of the motor.
[0246] At least part of the impeller may be connected to the second coupling member via the connecting portion.
[0247] The first coupling member and the second coupling member may be axially separated and a motor housing end cover is disposed between the first coupling member and the second coupling member.
[0248] Features of the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth aspects may be combined with features of any of the first to thirteenth aspects.
[0249] According to a seventeenth aspect there is provided a coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising:
[0250] a coupling body, the coupling body including: a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body; and a magnet retaining portion; and
[0251] wherein a permanent magnet is received in the magnet retaining portion and the permanent magnet is secured in the magnet retaining portion by a first connector extending through the permanent magnet and an end of the first connector is received in a hole of the coupling body.
[0252] The term “rotatable body” encompasses at least an impeller and a shaft including a rotor shaft and a drive shaft. In some embodiments the connecting portion may be integrally formed with the rotatable body, in particular the rotatable body may be integrally formed with a shaft. The first connector may be a fastener or a screw. The hole may be a threaded hole.
[0253] The coupling member may further comprise a plurality of first connectors wherein an end of each connector is received in a respective hole in the coupling body. The holes may be located in the connecting portion
[0254] The coupling body may be a generally cylindrical body having a central axis. The coupling body may comprise a through-hole, coincident with the central axis, which extends through the coupling body and defining at least part of the connecting portion; and wherein a first end of the coupling body may comprise an annular recess which defines the magnet retaining portion. The annular recess may be radially outboard and concentric with the through-hole.
[0255] The first end of the coupling body may comprise a flange, and the flange may define part of the annular recess.
[0256] At the first end of the coupling body the through-hole may have a first diameter; and at a region axially spaced from the magnet retaining portion the through-hole may have a second diameter; wherein the second diameter may be greater than the first diameter.
[0257] The second diameter being greater than the first diameter allows for a bearing assembly to be received in the through hole. Further, an increased cross-section area may be achieved which allows for increased area in the recessed portion for the permanent magnet (s) to be provided.
[0258] The through-hole may be configured to receive at least part of a shaft or a spigot. The through-hole may also receive at least part of a bearing assembly that supports the impeller for rotation.
[0259] A wall of the coupling body which at least partially defines the through-hole may be configured to be mounted to the shaft. In some embodiments the wall of the coupling body may be integrally formed with the shaft.
[0260] A second end of the coupling body, which is opposite the first end, may comprise at least one axially extending fastening hole, the at least one fastening hole may be configured to receive a connector to connect the coupling member to an impeller. The coupling body may comprise a plurality of fastening holes. The plurality of fastening holes may be equally angularly spaced about a central axis. The fastening holes may be threaded holes. The fastening holes may not extend all of the way through the coupling body.
[0261] A magnetically permeable member may be disposed between the permanent magnet and the magnet retaining portion. The magnetically permeable member may be formed of silicon steel. The magnetically permeable member may be used to form a closed magnetic circuit.
[0262] The permanent magnet may have an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis.
[0263] A plurality of permanent magnets may be provided in the magnet retaining portion, and wherein each permanent magnet may be secured in the magnet retaining portion by a respective first connector. Around 8 permanent magnets may be provided in the magnet retaining portion.
[0264] The plurality of permanent magnets may be equally circumferentially disposed about the central axis. That is to say that the plurality of permanent magnets may be positioned about a central axis with equal spacing between each permanent magnet. In some instances, the permanent magnets may abut one another such that there is no space between adjacent magnets.
[0265] Agap of between around 0 mm to around 1 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets. A gap of between around 0.1 mm to around 1 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets. A gap of around 0.5 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets. That is to say the gap may be constant at various radial locations between adjacent magnets. The coupling body may be formed from a non-magnetically permeable material.
[0266] According to an eighteenth aspect there is provided magnetic coupling arrangement for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the magnetic coupling comprising:
[0267] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to the seventeenth aspect,
[0268] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to an impeller of a pump assembly, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to seventeenth aspect; and
[0269] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members, such that a rotation of the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member.
[0270] A gap of between around 3.5 mm to around 4 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm. A gap of around 3.5 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3.4 Nm. A gap of around 4 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm.
[0271] According to a nineteenth aspect there is provided a hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0272] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0273] a pump cover defining a wheel chamber; and
[0274] an impeller located within the wheel chamber;
[0275] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0276] a motor housing; and
[0277] a motor provided in the motor housing;
[0278] a magnetic coupling configured to provide a linkage between the motor and the impeller to allow the motor to drive the impeller about a longitudinal axis;
[0279] wherein the magnetic coupling comprises:
[0280] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to the seventeenth aspect or is a first coupling member of the coupling arrangement of the eighteenth aspect; and
[0281] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to the impeller, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to the seventeenth aspect or is a second coupling member of the coupling arrangement of the eighteenth aspect;
[0282] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members such that a rotation of the drive shaft and the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member and the impeller.
[0283] The hydrogen recirculation pump may further comprise an adapter, the adapter being connected to and providing an interface between the motor assembly and the pump assembly.
[0284] The first coupling member may be mounted to a drive shaft of the motor.
[0285] At least part of a spigot may be connected to the impeller and may be connected to the second coupling member. The term “connected to the impeller” encompasses direct and indirect connection between the spigot and the impeller.
[0286] The first coupling member and the second coupling member may be axially separated and a motor housing end cover may be disposed between the first coupling member and the second coupling member.
[0287] It will be appreciated that features of the coupling member of the fourteenth aspect may be combined with features of the coupling member of the seventeenth aspect. It will be appreciated that features of the seventeenth to nineteenth aspects may be combined with features of the first to sixteenth aspect.
[0288] According to a twentieth aspect there is provided a coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising:
[0289] a generally cylindrical coupling body having a central axis, the coupling body including:
[0290] a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body, wherein a through-hole coincident with the central axis extends through the coupling body and defines at least part of the connecting portion; and
[0291] a magnet retaining portion, wherein a first end of the coupling body comprises an axially extending annular recess which defines the magnet retaining portion, and apermanent magnet having an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis is received in the magnet retaining portion;
[0292] wherein the magnet retaining portion comprises a radially extending protrusion, and the protrusion is arranged to axially retain the magnet within the magnet retaining portion.
[0293] The term “rotatable body” encompasses at least an impeller and a shaft including a rotor shaft and a drive shaft. In some embodiments the connecting portion may be integrally formed with the rotatable body, in particular the rotatable body may be integrally formed with a shaft. The term radially extending protrusion encompasses the protrusion extending in at least a radial direction relative to the central axis.
[0294] The radially extending protrusion may be an annular protrusion.
[0295] The radially extending protrusion may extend from a radially outer wall of the magnet retaining portion in a direction towards the central axis. In other embodiments the radially extending protrusion may extend from a radially inner wall of the magnet retaining portion in a direction away from the central axis
[0296] The permanent magnet may comprise a recess, the recess may have a profile that is complementary to the radially extending protrusion. The recess may be radially extending recess.
[0297] The radially extending protrusion may be a first protrusion, and the magnet retaining portion may comprise a second radially extending protrusion. The permanent magnet may comprise a second recess. The second recess may have a profile that is complementary to the second protrusion.
[0298] The second radially extending protrusion may extend from a radially inner wall of the magnet retaining portion in a direction away from the central axis.
[0299] At least one of the first and second radially extending protrusions may be annular protrusions. Both the first and second protrusions may be annular protrusions.
[0300] The recess of the permanent magnet may be a first recess having a profile that is complementary to the first radially extending protrusion. The permanent magnet may comprise a second recess, the second recess may have a profile that is complementary to the second radially extending protrusion.
[0301] The first end of the coupling body may comprise a flange, and the flange may define part of the axially extending annular recess.
[0302] At the first end of the coupling body the through-hole may have a first diameter and at a region axially spaced from the magnet retaining portion the through-hole may have a second diameter. The second diameter may be greater than the first diameter. The second diameter being greater than the first diameter allows for a bearing assembly to be received in the through hole. Further, an increased cross-section area may be achieved which allows for increased area in the recessed portion for the permanent magnet (s) to be provided.
[0303] A magnetically permeable member having a generally annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis may be received in the magnet retaining portion and may be disposed between the permanent magnet and the magnet retaining portion. The magnetically permeable member may be formed of silicon steel. The magnetically permeable member may be used to form a closed magnetic circuit.
[0304] The magnetically permeable member may comprise a radially extending recess. The retaining member may comprise a complementary protrusion received in the recess of the magnetically permeable member.
[0305] The through-hole may be configured to receive at least part of a shaft or a spigot. The through-hole may also receive at least part of a bearing assembly that supports the impeller for rotation.
[0306] A wall of the coupling body which at least partially defines the through-hole may be configured to be mounted to the shaft. In some embodiments the wall of the coupling body may be integrally formed with the shaft.
[0307] A second end of the coupling body, which is opposite the first end, may comprise at least one axially extending fastening hole, the at least one fastening hole may be configured to receive a connector to connect the coupling member to an impeller. The coupling body may comprise a plurality of fastening holes. The plurality of fastening holes may be equally angularly spaced about a central axis. The fastening holes may be threaded holes. The fastening holes may not extend all of the way through the coupling body.
[0308] The permanent magnet may comprise a plurality of permanent magnets, and wherein the radially extending protrusion may be arranged to axially retain at least one of the plurality of permanent magnets in the magnet retaining portion. Around 8 permanent magnets may be provided in the magnet retaining portion.
[0309] The plurality of permanent magnets may be equally circumferentially disposed about the central axis. That is to say that the plurality of permanent magnets may be positioned about a central axis with equal spacing between each permanent magnet. In some instances, the permanent magnets may abut one another such that there is no space between adjacent magnets.
[0310] Agap of between around 0 mm to around 1 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets. A gap of between around 0.1 mm to around 1 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets. A gap of around 0.5 mm may be provided between adjacent permanent magnets. That is to say the gap may be constant at various radial locations between adjacent magnets. The coupling body may be formed from a non-magnetically permeable material.
[0311] According to a twenty-first aspect there is provided a magnetic coupling arrangement for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the magnetic coupling comprising:
[0312] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to the twentieth aspect,
[0313] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to an impeller of a pump assembly, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to the twentieth aspect; and
[0314] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members, such that a rotation of the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member.
[0315] A gap of between around 3.5 mm to around 4 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm. A gap of around 3.5 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3.4 Nm. A gap of around 4 mm may be provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm.
[0316] According to a twenty-second aspect there is provided hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0317] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0318] a pump cover defining a wheel chamber; and
[0319] an impeller located within the wheel chamber;
[0320] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0321] a motor housing; and
[0322] a motor provided in the motor housing;
[0323] a magnetic coupling arrangement configured to provide a linkage between the motor and the impeller to allow the motor to drive the impeller about a longitudinal axis;
[0324] wherein the magnetic coupling comprises:
[0325] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to the twentieth aspect or is a first coupling member of the coupling arrangement of the twenty-first aspect; and
[0326] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to the impeller, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to the twentieth aspect or a second coupling member of the coupling arrangement of twenty-first aspect;
[0327] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members such that a rotation of the drive shaft and the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member and the impeller.
[0328] A hydrogen recirculation pump may further comprise an adapter, the adapter may be connected to and providing an interface between the motor assembly and the pump assembly.
[0329] The first coupling member may be mounted to a drive shaft of the motor.
[0330] The first coupling member and the second coupling member may be axially separated and a motor housing end cover may be disposed between the first coupling member and the second coupling member.
[0331] It will be appreciated that features of the hydrogen recirculation pump of the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, eleventh, twelfth, sixteenth, nineteenth, and twenty-second aspect may be combined. Likewise, features of the first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first aspects may be combined with hydrogen recirculation pumps of the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, eleventh, twelfth, sixteenth, nineteenth, and twenty-second aspects.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0332] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
[0333] -Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a hydrogen recirculation pump according to the present disclosure;
[0334] -Figure 2 shows a side view of the hydrogen recirculation pump of Figure 1;
[0335] -Figure 3 shows a schematic exploded side view of the hydrogen recirculation pump as shown in Figures 1 and 2;
[0336] -Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional side view of the hydrogen recirculation pump of Figures 1 to 3;
[0337] -Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a motor assembly of the hydrogen recirculation pump of Figures 1 to 4;
[0338] -Figure 6 shows a front perspective view of an adapter of the hydrogen recirculation pump of Figures 1 to 4;
[0339] -Figure 7 shows a side-cross sectional view of part of a bearing assembly of the hydrogen recirculation pump;
[0340] -Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the bearing housing of the bearing assembly of Figure 7;
[0341] -Figure 9 shows a schematic side cross-sectional view of the bearing housing of Figure 8;
[0342] -Figure 10 shows a cross sectional end view of a pump cover of the hydrogen recirculation pump in Figure 1;
[0343] -Figure 11 shows a side cross-sectional view of the pump cover of Figure 10;
[0344] -Figure 12 shows a perspective view of an alternative pump cover;
[0345] -Figure 13 shows an end view of the pump cover of Figure 12;
[0346] -Figure 14 shows an end view of another alternative pump cover;
[0347] -Figure 15 shows an end view of another alternative pump cover;
[0348] -Figure 16 shows a front perspective view of an impeller for the hydrogen recirculation pump of Figure 1;
[0349] -Figure 17 shows a rear perspective view of the impeller of Figure 16;
[0350] -Figure 18 shows a side cross sectional view of the impeller of Figure 16;
[0351] -Figure 19 shows a schematic partial side cross sectional view of the impeller of Figure 16 in an impeller chamber of the hydrogen recirculation pump of Figure 1;
[0352] -Figure 20 shows a schematic front end view of the impeller of Figure 16;
[0353] -Figure 21 shows a partial side cross sectional view of another impeller; -Figure 22 shows a perspective view of a coupling member of a magnetic coupling arrangement;
[0354] -Figure 23 shows a schematic side cross-sectional view of the coupling member of Figure 22;
[0355] -Figure 24 shows a perspective view of another coupling member of magnetic coupling arrangement;
[0356] -Figure 25 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view the coupling member of Figure 24;
[0357] -Figure 26 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view of the coupling member of Figure 24 rotated by 45 degrees from Figure 25;
[0358] -Figure 27 shows a perspective view of another coupling member of magnetic coupling arrangement;
[0359] -Figure 28 shows a cross-sectional side view the coupling member of Figure 27.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0360] Figure 1 and Figure 2 depict a hydrogen recirculation pump 1 (also known as an anode recirculation blower) . The hydrogen recirculation pump 1 comprises a pump assembly 3 and a motor assembly 5. An adapter 7 is provided between the pump assembly 3 and the motor assembly 5 and the pump assembly 3 and motor assembly 5 are mounted on opposing sides of the adapter 7.
[0361] The pump assembly 3 comprises a pump cover 9 which defines an impeller chamber (not visible in Figures 1 to 3) and an impeller is located in the impeller chamber. The pump cover 9 further comprises an inlet which is configured to receive hydrogen or a hydrogen containing gas. The inlet is in fluid communication with the impeller. The impeller is configured to do work on the gas (i.e. compress the gas) received from the inlet. The compressed gas can then exit the pump assembly 3 via an outlet.
[0362] Likewise, the motor assembly 5 comprises a motor housing 11 and a motor (not visible in Figures 1 to 3) . The pump cover 9 and the motor housing 11 are generally cylindrical structures which allow an impeller and motor to be mounted in their respective housings 9, 11 for rotation about a common longitudinal axis 15.
[0363] As can be best seen in Figure 3 the motor housing 11 is connected to the pump cover 9 via a connection arrangement which comprises a plurality of connectors 13, the term connector 13 may be interchangeably referred to as a fastener 13. In other embodiments the motor housing 11 may be connected to the pump cover 9 using different connection means, for example a single fastener, or a clamp mechanism, or any other suitable connection means.
[0364] The motor housing 11 comprises a radially and circumferentially extending flange 17 disposed at an end of the motor housing 11 which is adjacent the adapter 7. The flange 17 comprises a plurality of axially extending through-holes and each through-hole permits passage of a respective connector 13. The adapter 7 (discussed subsequently in more detail) also comprises a plurality of axially extending through-holes which permit passage of the connectors 13. The connectors 13 are then received in corresponding axially extending holes 19 of the pump cover 9. The holes 19 may be threaded holes, and the connectors 13 may comprise corresponding threads. The holes 19 are blind holes, in other embodiments, the holes 19 may be through-holes. The holes 19 in the pump cover 9 are located in protrusions 21 that are circumferentially spaced around an annular side wall 23 and the holes 19 extend in an axial direction into the protrusions 21. The motor housing 11, adapter 7, and pump cover 9 may all comprise more through-holes and holes than the number of connectors that are used to secure the components 7, 9, 11 together. In addition, the motor housing 11, adapter 7, and pump cover 9 may comprise a different number of through-holes and holes for receiving connectors to one another. That is to say the motor housing 11, adapter 7, and pump cover 9 may comprise redundant through-holes and holes. By having redundant holes and through-holes connection of different sized motor assemblies 5 to a single pump assembly 3 and vice versa may be permitted. This is advantageous as it allows for a single sized pump assembly 3 to be used with various motor assemblies 5 and vice versa. Further, having redundant though-holes and holes may reduce assembly time. The redundant through-holes may also allow for installation of the pump cover 9, motor housing 11, and adapter 7 in various orientations.
[0365] The hydrogen recirculation pump 1 is a modular hydrogen recirculation pump 1 in that the pump cover 9 is mounted to the adapter 7 via the connectors 13 allowing the pump cover 9 to be detached from the adapter 7 and re-attached to the adapter 7. The motor housing 11 is mounted to the adapter 7 via the connectors 13 which permit the motor housing 11 to be detached from the adapter 7 and re-attached to the adapter 7. This is beneficial as components can be readily replaced and it provides a compact design, that is smaller in size, lighter in weight, and has a higher efficiency compared to known hydrogen recirculation pumps.
[0366] Turning to Figure 4 which shows a cross-sectional side view of the hydrogen recirculation pump 1.
[0367] The pump cover 9 comprises an end wall 25 from which the annular side wall 23 extends in an axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 15. The pump cover 9 further comprises an impeller chamber 27 and an impeller 29 is received in the impeller chamber
[0368] 27. The impeller chamber 27 is defined in part by the end wall 25 and the annular side wall 23, and comprises a side channel in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet. The impeller 29 is supported via a bearing assembly 33 for rotation about the longitudinal axis 15. The bearing assembly 33 is disposed radially inwards, relative to the longitudinal axis 15 of the adapter 7. The bearing assembly 33 is disposed around a spigot 31 and the spigot 31 is retained in a support region 32 of the pump cover 9.
[0369] A motor 35 comprising a rotor 37 and a stator 39 is located in the motor housing 5. The rotor 37 is arranged to rotate about the longitudinal axis 15.
[0370] A magnetic coupling arrangement 41 is disposed radially inboard of the adapter 7 and is used to transmit rotation from the rotor 37 to the impeller 29. In particular, the magnetic coupling arrangement 41 comprises a first coupling member 43 which is fixedly connected to the rotor 37, and whereby the rotor 37 acts as a drive shaft. The first coupling member 43 comprises a first coupling body 45, and a first permanent magnet 47 is retained in the first coupling body 45. In particular, the first coupling body 45 is fixedly connected to the rotor 37, such that rotation of the rotor 37 causes rotation of the first coupling body 45 and hence the first permanent magnet 47 about the longitudinal axis 15. The magnetic coupling arrangement 41 further comprises a second coupling member 49. The second coupling member 49 comprises a coupling body 51 and a second permanent magnet 53 is retained in the coupling body 51. The second coupling body 51 is fixedly connected to the impeller 29 by a plurality of connectors 51, and is supported in part by the bearing assembly 33. The second coupling body 51 is arranged such that the second permanent magnet 53 opposes the first permanent magnet 47. The first permanent magnet 47 and the second permanent magnet 53 are spaced apart and they exert a magnetic force on one another. The magnetic force exerted between the first permanent magnet 47 and the second permanent magnet 53 prevents relative rotation between the first and second permanent magnets and hence between the coupling members 43, 49. Accordingly, when the rotor 37 is rotating about the longitudinal axis 15, the first coupling body 45 and hence the first permanent magnet 47 rotate, this rotation is transmitted to the second permanent magnet 53 and hence to the impeller 29.
[0371] The use of a magnetic coupling arrangement 41 to provide a linkage and transmit rotation from the motor 35 to the impeller 29 may be referred to as a shaft-less transmission. That is to say there is no shaft mechanically connected from the rotor 37 to the impeller
[0372] 29. By having a shaft-less transmission such as through the use of a magnetic coupling arrangement 41, individual components of the hydrogen recirculation pump 1 e.g. the pump assembly 3, motor assembly 5, and adapter 7 can be individually replaced for example if a particular component fails, and during servicing and maintenance
[0373] Further, as can be seen best in Figure 4 and Figure 5, an end cover 55 is disposed between the first coupling member 43 and the second coupling member 49. The end cover 55 is a motor end cover and may be formed of a non-magnetically permeable material, for example a polymer or a plastic, and preferably Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) . The end cover 55 is a generally circular disc that is mounted to the motor housing 11, in some embodiments the end cover 55 may be integrally formed with the motor housing 11. The end cover 55 prevents exposure of the internal components of the motor assembly 5 when assembling and dis-assembling the hydrogen recirculation pump 1. Thus, the end cover 55 isolates the motor 5 from the pump assembly 3, and protects the components of the motor from hydrogen gas which may be present in the pump assembly 3 during use. The end cover 55 also ensures that an axial gap is maintained between the first permanent magnet 47 and the second permanent magnet
[0374] 53. The axial gap between the first permanent magnet 47 and the second permanent magnet 53 is preferably between around 3.5 mm to around 4 mm. The magnetic connection torque is preferably greater than around 3 Nm. The magnetic connection torque may be around 3.4 Nm when the axial gap between the first permanent magnet 47 and the second permanent magnet 53 is around 3.5 mm. The magnetic connection torque may be around 3 Nm when the axial gap between the first permanent magnet 47 and the second permanent magnet 53 is around 4 mm.
[0375] It will be appreciated that in other embodiments a linkage to transmit rotation from the motor 35 to the impeller 29 may not comprise the magnetic coupling arrangement 41. Any other suitable linkage means may be used. For example, rotation may be transmitted by a common shaft between the rotor 37 and the impeller 29.
[0376] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the motor assembly 5. As described above, and depicted in Figure 5 the flange 17 of the motor housing 11 comprises axially extending through-holes 57 for connecting the motor housing 11 to the adapter 7 and to the pump cover 9. The end cover 55 in the embodiment shown in Figure 5 is secured to the motor housing 11 by a plurality of connectors 61. The connectors 61 are equally angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis 15. In other embodiments, the connectors 61 may be arranged in a different manner, and in other embodiments the end cover 55 may be secured to the motor housing 11 by any suitable means, or the end cover 55 may be integrally formed with the motor housing 11.
[0377] The motor assembly 5 further comprises an electrical connection interface 63. The electrical connection interface 63 permits connection of the motor 35 to a power source
[0378] (e.g. a battery or a mains power supply) . The electrical connection interface 63, is radially outboard relative to the longitudinal axis 15. The electrical connection interface 63 being radially outboard promotes ease of connecting the interface 63 to a power supply. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the electrical connection interface 63 is contained in a housing 65 which in integrally formed with the motor housing 11. In other embodiments the housing 65 of the electrical connection interface may be formed separately to the motor housing 11.
[0379] Although not shown in Figures 1 to 5, the motor assembly 5 further comprises a temperature sensor located in the motor housing 11 and is configured to sense a temperature inside the motor housing 11. The motor assembly 5 also comprises a temperature sensor connection interface 67 (visible in Figure 2) , which is contained in the housing 65. The temperature sensor connection interface 67 is configured to transmit sensed data from the temperature sensor. That is to say, the temperature sensor connection interface 67 allows transmission of data to a controller or to a computer via a wire or cable, or wirelessly. The temperature sensor connection interface 67 is radially outboard of the longitudinal axis 15 and is in a plane that is rotated from the electrical connection interface 63 by 90 degrees. A removable cap 69 is also provided which can be used to cover the temperature sensor connection interface 67 when not in use. The removable cap 69 protects the temperature sensor connection interface 67 from unwanted particulates and debris. Likewise, the electrical connection interface 63 may also be provided with a removable cap. In other embodiments, the temperature sensor connection interface 67 may be provided in a different housing to the housing 65 of the electrical connection interface 63.
[0380] Figure 6 show a front perspective view of the adapter 7. As described above, the adapter 7 is configured to connect to, and provide an interface between the motor housing 11 and the pump cover 9.
[0381] The adapter 7 comprises a generally annular wall 71 which encircles a longitudinal axis
[0382] 73. In use, the longitudinal axis 73 of the adapter 7 is coincident with the longitudinal axis 15 of the hydrogen recirculation pump 1. In other embodiments, the wall 71 may be any suitable shape for connection with a respective pump cover 9 and motor housing 11. The annular wall 71 comprises a front face 75 which provides an interface with a corresponding face of the pump cover 9. The front face 75, in addition to providing an interface with the pump cover 9, also conforms to a rear cover of the impeller 29. That is to say, the front face 75 has a conformal profile, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 73, with an adjacent face of the impeller 29. The front face 75 of the adapter having a profile that is complementary to the rear cover of the impeller 29 may improve a flow restriction of the pump assembly, reduce leakage from the pump assembly, and provides a compact design. The annular wall 71 comprises a rear face 77, opposite the front face 75, which provides an interface with a corresponding face of the motor housing 11.
[0383] The annular wall 71 further comprises a drainage passage 79. The drainage passage 79 allows for a liquid, primarily water that has condensed, to drain from the pump assembly 3 at a region close to the motor end cover 55 through the drainage passage 79 to an outlet of the pump assembly 3. The drainage passage 79 in the embodiment shown is a slot. The slot extends, relative to the longitudinal axis 73, in an axial, radial, and circumferential direction and its extent in the circumferential direction is greater than its radial or axial extent. That is to say when taking a cross section of the slot in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 73, the slot is an elongate slot. The drainage passage 79 may however be any suitable shape. The drainage passage 79 and an area of the front face 75 that is adjacent the drainage passage may comprise a tapered region to further direct liquid into the drainage passage.
[0384] When the hydrogen recirculation pump 1 is in use, the adapter is orientated such that the drainage passage 79 is located at a lowermost region. Providing the drainage passage 79 at a lowermost region in use allows liquid to drain through it under the action of gravity, and mitigates against the pooling of liquid in other regions of the pump assembly 3.
[0385] The annular wall 71 of the adapter 7 further comprises a radially outboard flange 83 with respect to the longitudinal axis 73. In the embodiment shown, the flange 83 is an annular flange, but it may be any suitable shape in other embodiments. The flange 83 comprises a plurality of axially extending through-holes 85, which are configured to receive the connectors 13 for connecting the motor housing 11, adapter 7, and the pump cover 9. The through-holes 85 may also be referred to as bores 85. To provide a compact and light weight design radially extending protrusions 87 are provided. At least part of a through-hole 85 extends through a respective protrusion 87. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments the protrusions 87 may be omitted. The through-holes 85 are positioned to align with corresponding through-holes 57 of the motor housing 11 and the holes 19 of the pump cover 9. The through-holes 85 are circumferentially spaced about the longitudinal axis 73, however they are not equally angularly spaced, although they may be equally angularly spaced in other embodiments. By the through-holes 85 not being equally angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis 73, in addition to permitting connection between the pump cover 9 and motor housing 11 the through-holes 85 act as an alignment feature. Providing an alignment feature ensures that the motor housing 11 and pump cover 9 are installed in the correct orientation, and to ensure that the drainage passage 79 is orientated to allow liquid to drain through it under the action of gravity when in use. In other embodiments, the adapter 7 may be connected to the motor housing 11 and pump housing 9 by other connection means, such as a clamp. Other connection means may be used in addition or as an alternative to the connectors 13.
[0386] In addition to the through-holes 85 being spaced such that they act as an alignment feature, the adapter 7 may be provided with an alignment arrangement. In particular, the adapter 7 may be provided with one or more axially extending protrusions or recesses that are configured to be received in complementary recesses or protrusions of the pump cover 9 and / or motor housing 11. Providing alignment features mitigates against the adapter 7 being installed in a wrong or undesirable orientation.
[0387] The flange 83 of the adapter 7 further comprises a plurality of recesses 89 in the front face 75. The recesses 89 allow for a tool to engage the adapter 7 to assist with assembly and / or disassembly of the hydrogen recirculation pump 1. In particular, a tool may engage with the recesses to prise apart the adapter from the pump cover 9 and / or the motor housing 11. The recesses 89 are circumferentially discrete, that is to say the recesses 89 extend around part of the circumference of the flange 83. The recesses 89 extend in a radial and axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis 73. In other embodiments, a single recess 89 may be provided for engagement with a tool. In other embodiments, at least one recess 89 may be located in the wall 71 of the adapter 7, or in the rear face 77 of the adapter 7. The recesses 89 are equally angularly spaced about the longitudinal axis 73, which promotes ease of tool engagement and permits the use of a simple tool for engaging the adapter 7.
[0388] Further, the adapter 7 comprises a groove 91. The groove 91 is a circumferentially extending annular groove and the groove 91 is configured to receive a sealing member (not shown) . The sealing member provides a seal between the adapter 7 and the pump cover 9. The sealing member may be an annular seal, and in particular may be an Oring seal. Providing a seal between the adapter 7 and the pump cover 9 helps to minimise fluid leakage, in particular leakage of hydrogen gas from the pump assembly 3.
[0389] Figure 7 shows a side-cross sectional view of part of the bearing assembly 33 in-situ in the pump assembly 3. The bearing assembly 33 comprises a bearing housing 93, and a plurality of bearings 95 are received in the bearing housing 93, which support rotation of the impeller 29 and the second coupling member 49 about the longitudinal axis 15. The bearing assembly 33 further comprises two bearing sets 34 each having a fixed inner race 97 and an outer race 129. The fixed inner race 97 and spigot 31 do not rotate about the longitudinal axis 15. The outer race 129 is rotatable about the longitudinal axis 15.
[0390] Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the bearing housing 93 and Figure 9 shows a schematic side cross-sectional view of the bearing housing 93. The bearing housing 93 comprises a body 99, and the body 99 is a generally cylindrical wall. The body 99 defines a longitudinal axis 101, which when provided in the pump assembly 3 is coincident with the longitudinal axis 15. The body 99 is rotationally symmetric, which results in improved serviceability and improved dynamic balance. The plurality of bearings 95 are received in a track 103 of the fixed inner race 97 and corresponding track of an outer race 129
[0391] The bearing housing 93 further comprises a connecting flange 107. The connecting flange 107 is an annular wall that extends radially outwards from an outer face 109 of the body 99, and the connecting flange 107 extends circumferentially around the outer face 109. The connecting flange 107 comprises a plurality of axially extending through-holes 111, which allow connectors 113 to extend through the connecting flange 107, through corresponding through-holes in the impeller 29, and to be received in corresponding holes of the second coupling member 49. Thus, the connectors 113 connect the bearing housing 93, impeller 29, and second coupling member 49 together. By the bearing housing 93, impeller 29, and second coupling member 49 being connecting together they can rotate together about the longitudinal axis 15. Accordingly, the bearing housing 93 supports rotation of the impeller 29 and the second coupling member 49 about the longitudinal axis 15. The use of connectors 113 mitigates against the need to press-fit the impeller 29 to the second coupling member 49 and / or to the bearing housing 93. Avoiding press-fitting the impeller 29 mitigates against structural deformation and defects in the impeller 29.
[0392] The through-holes 111 are equally angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis 101, however in other embodiments the through-holes 111 may not be equally angularly distributed. In the embodiment depicted, the connecting flange 107 comprises four through-holes 111. The number of through-holes 111 may differ in other embodiments. Preferably, the connecting flange 107 has at least two through-holes 111, and preferably the number of through-holes 111 is an even number. The number of through-holes 111 being an even number provides reflectional symmetry. The number of through-holes being an even number promotes rotational balance and adequate retention of the connected components (i.e. the impeller 29 and the second coupling member 49) . The through-holes 111 extend in an axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 101, but in other embodiments the through-holes 111 may extend in a direction that comprises an axial and a radial component relative to the longitudinal axis 101. That is to say that a central axis of each through-hole 111 may be angled with respect to the longitudinal axis 111.
[0393] In other embodiments the connecting flange 107 may be circumferentially discrete, that is to say, the connecting flange does not extend around the entire circumference of the body 99, and the bearing housing 93 may comprise a plurality of connecting flanges 107. In other embodiments, the connecting flange 107 may comprise one or more cut-outs. The cut-outs may be provided to save weight, and / or the cut-outs may be provided to assist with rotationally balancing (equalise weight distribution) the bearing housing 93 to mitigate against unwanted vibration of the bearing assembly 33 in use.
[0394] As best seen in Figure 7 and Figure 9, the connecting flange 107 is offset along the longitudinal axis 101 from an axial midpoint 115 of the body 93. The axial midpoint 115 is the midpoint along the longitudinal axis 101 between a distal most first end 117 of the body 93 and a distal most second end 119 which is opposite the distal most first end 117. Put another way, the connecting flange 107 is disposed towards the distal most first end 117 of the body 93. By the connecting flange 107 being axially offset relative to the midpoint 115 deformation of the impeller 29 may be reduced when assembling the pump assembly 3. Other advantages of the connecting flange 107 being axially offset include ensuring the connecting flange 107 is installed in the correct orientation in the pump assembly 3, and assisting in dynamic balance adjustment.
[0395] In addition to the connecting flange 107, the bearing housing 93 further comprises an inner flange 121, which may be referred to as a shoulder 121. The inner flange 121 is an annular flange which extends radially inward towards the longitudinal axis 101 from the inner face 105. The inner flange 121 extends circumferentially around the axial midpoint 115 of the body 99, and as such is axially spaced from the connecting flange 107. The inner flange 121 and the connecting flange 107 do not axially overlap, although they may axially overlap in other embodiments. In other embodiments the inner flange 121 may extend circumferentially around only part of the body 99, the inner flange 121 may be axially offset from the midpoint 115, and in some embodiments the inner flange 121 may not be present.
[0396] The inner flange 121 divides a central inner portion 123 of the body 99. The inner portion 123 is a through-hole that is defined by the inner face 105 of the body 99. As best seen in Figures 4 and 7, the inner portion 123 is sized to receive two bearing sets 34 disposed on opposing sides of the inner flange 121. Put another way the inner flange 121 is disposed between the two bearing sets 34 such that the bearing sets 34 are axially spaced. Accordingly, the body 99 comprises a first cavity 131 for receiving a first bearing set, and a second cavity 133 for receiving a second bearing set. The first cavity 131 is defined in part by the inner face 105 of the body 99 and a first face 135 of the inner flange 121. Likewise, the second cavity 133 is defined in part by the inner face 105 of the body 99 and a second face 137 of the inner flange 121, where the second face 137 is opposite the first face 135. Providing the inner flange 121 limits axial movement of bearing sets 34 and improves reliability of the bearing assembly 33.
[0397] The same type of bearings are provided in the first and second cavities 131, 133. However, in other embodiments different bearings (ball, roller etc. ) may be provided in different cavities 131, 133. In some embodiments, one of the cavities 131, 133 may be redundant, that is to say that only one of the cavities may comprise a bearing set and bearings 95. Further, as mentioned above, in some embodiments the inner flange 121 may not be present, when the inner flange 121 is not present the bearing assembly 33 may be provided with a single bearing set with a single type of bearing 95 provided in it.
[0398] Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional end view of the pump cover 9 and Figure 11 shows a side cross sectional view of the pump cover 9. As already described above, the pump cover 9 defines an impeller chamber 27 for receiving the impeller 29. Features of the pump cover 9 that have already been described above are not described here for brevity, but the same reference numerals are provided. Features of the pump cover 9 which are not described above, and cannot be seen in Figures 1 to 6 are described.
[0399] As mentioned above, and now visible in Figures 10 and 11 the pump cover 9 comprises an inlet opening 139, an outlet opening 141, and a side channel 143, the side channel 143 is in fluid communication with the inlet opening 139 and the outlet opening 141. The inlet opening 139 is an opening in the end wall 25 that is configured to receive gas (generally hydrogen, or a mixture of hydrogen and other gases e.g. air) from a manifold cap (not shown) . By the inlet opening 139 being provided in the end wall reflux of fluid is mitigated against and icing at the inlet opening 139 is reduced, thus allowing the hydrogen recirculation pump to operate efficiently in cold environments. The outlet opening 141 is also an opening, but it is provided in the side wall 23. In other embodiments the outlet opening 141 may be provided in the end wall 25. The outlet opening 141 permits gas that has been compressed by the impeller 29 in the pump assembly 3 to exit the pump assembly 3. A generally radially extending outlet channel 142, with respect to the longitudinal axis 15, extends from the outlet opening 141 and is defined by a generally radially extending annular wall 145, with respect to the longitudinal axis 15, that it integrally formed with the pump cover 9. An outer surface of the radially extending wall 145 comprises a plurality of grooves 147. The plurality of grooves 147 may provide for connection means to a downstream passage, pipe, ejector or any other suitable system and / or may be configured to receive one or more sealing elements to mitigate against leakage when the radially extending wall 145 is connected to a downstream passage. In other embodiments there may be only a single groove 147 or no grooves. Other arrangements may be provided that do not comprise the radially extending annular wall 145.
[0400] The side channel 143 is a concave side channel. That is to say that the side channel 143 has a cross sectional profile that is generally a semi-circle. The side channel 143 extends axially into the end wall 25. The side channel 143 places the inlet opening 139 in fluid communication with the outlet opening 145, and the side channel 143 extends circumferentially from the inlet opening 139 to the outlet opening 141. When the hydrogen recirculation pump 1 is in use, rotation of the impeller 29 causes gas that is delivered into the pump assembly 3 through the inlet opening 139 to be compressed and driven towards the outlet opening 141.
[0401] The inlet opening 139 and the outlet opening 141 are circumferentially spaced apart and are separated by a tongue 149. The tongue 149 extends in an axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 15 and the tongue 149 extends in a radial direction between the side wall 23 and the support region 32. The tongue 149 thus promotes gaseous flows between the inlet opening 139 and the outlet opening 141 via the side channel 143. The tongue 149 may be omitted in other embodiments.
[0402] The impeller chamber 27 comprises the support region 32. The support region 32 is disposed radially inboard of the side wall 23 and the support region 32 has a centre that is coincident with the longitudinal axis 15. The support region 32 is configured to receive the spigot 31 which the bearing assembly 33 is disposed around. In addition to receiving the spigot 31, the support region 32 also defines part of the side channel 143. The support region 32 comprises a generally axially and circumferentially extending support wall 151 which defines part of the side channel 143.
[0403] Further, a main diameter 153 is defined at a distal most end 155 of the side wall 23 relative to the end wall 25 of the pump cover 9. The main diameter 153 is the distance between a radially inner face 157 of the side wall 23, which passes through the longitudinal axis 15 at the distal most end 155 of the side wall 23. The impeller chamber 27 comprises a first stepped portion 159 defined by the side wall 23. The first stepped portion 159 is a region of the pump cover 9 having a first stepped diameter 161, where the first stepped diameter 161 is less than the main diameter 153. The first stepped diameter 161 is the distance extending through the longitudinal axis 15 between the radially inner face 157 of the side wall 23 at the first stepped portion 159. That is to say that the diameter of the pump cover 9 measured between the radially inner face 157 of the side wall 23 changes along the axial length of the pump cover 9. In other words, the pump cover 9 has a region at the distal most end 155 with a first main diameter and an adjacent region with a second diameter. The change in diameter between the region defining the main diameter 153 and the region defining the first stepped diameter 161 is a sudden stepped change in diameter. In other embodiments, the change in diameter from the main diameter 153 to the first stepped diameter 161 may change gradually across the axial length. Providing a region with a main diameter 153 and an adjacent region with a first stepped diameter 161 aids in aligning the impeller 29 when assembling the pump assembly 3. The portion of the pump cover 9 having the main diameter 153 acts as guiding surface for placing the impeller 29 in the impeller chamber 27.
[0404] The impeller chamber 27 further comprises a second stepped portion 163 defined by the inner face 157 of the side wall 23. The second stepped portion 163 is adjacent the first stepped portion 159 and is axially spaced from the distal most end of the side wall 23. That is to say, the first stepped portion 159 is disposed between the distal most end 155 of the side wall 23 and the second stepped portion 163. The second stepped portion 163 is a region of the pump cover 9 having a second stepped diameter 165, where the second stepped diameter 165 is less than the main diameter 153 and is less than the first stepped diameter 161. The second stepped diameter 165 is the distance extending through the longitudinal axis 15 between the radially inner face 157 of the side wall 23 at the second stepped portion 163. That is to say that the diameter of the pump cover 9 measured between the radially inner face 157 of the side wall 23 further changes along the axial length of the pump cover 9. The change in diameter between the first stepped portion 159 and the second stepped portion 163 is a sudden stepped change in diameter. In other embodiments, the change in diameter from the first stepped portion 159 to the second stepped portion 163 may change gradually across the axial length. Providing a region with a second stepped portion 163 reduces leakage from the side channel 143, as there is small radial gap between a radially outermost region of the impeller 29 and the inner face 157 of the side wall 23.
[0405] In use, the hydrogen recirculation pump 1 is orientated such that the outlet opening 141 is orientated to allow a condensate or liquid formed from the melting of ice for example to drain and pass through the outlet opening 141 under the action of gravity. Put another way, the outlet opening 141 in use is located at a lower most region (with respect to the direction of gravity) of the hydrogen recirculation pump 1. The outlet opening 141 being located at a lower most region also mitigates against pooling of liquid at other locations in the pump assembly 3. The pump cover 9 may also be provided with additional liquid drain openings and passages to permit the flow of liquid the from the impeller chamber 27 to a region outside of the pump cover 9. The liquid drain opening may be in fluid communication with the drainage passage 79 of the adapter. A liquid drain passage may extend through the tongue 149 to permit the flow of liquid from a region near the inlet opening 139 to the outlet opening 141. The liquid drain passage may be sized such that it does not impede on fluid flow through the side channel 143 when the pump assembly 3 is in use. Further, the drainage passage 79 of the adapter may be in fluid communication with the outlet opening 141.
[0406] The pump cover 9 further comprises at least one flange 167 which is adjacent the end wall 25 and is radially outboard of the side wall 23. The flange 167 provides an interface for mounting the pump cover 9. In particular, the flange 167 allows for the pump cover 9 to be mounted to a manifold cap. The flange 167 may also allow for the pump cover 9 to be mounted to a suitable supporting structure. The flange 167 comprises a plurality of axially extending through-holes 169. The through-holes 169 allow for connectors to extend through the flange 167 and secure the flange 167 to the manifold cap. The connectors may include threaded screws or bolts. In other embodiments, the pump cover 9 may be secured to a manifold cap or support structure by other means, such as a clamp, and in these instances the flange 167 may be omitted. In the embodiment shown in Figure 10, the pump cover comprises two flanges 167, each flange having two through holes 169. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the pump cover 9 may comprise any desirable number of flanges 167 and through-holes 169.
[0407] Figure 12 and 13 depict a first alternative pump cover 171 that can be used with the hydrogen recirculation pump 1. In particular, Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the first alternative pump cover 171, and Figure 13 shows an end view of the pump cover
[0408] 171. Features in the first alternative pump cover 171 that are the same as the pump cover 9 are provided with the same reference signs. Only the differences between the covers 9, 171 are described.
[0409] The first alternative pump cover 171 differs from the pump cover 9 in that is comprises a baffle element 173 in the side channel 143. The baffle element 173 extends in an axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 15. The baffle element 173 comprises a first rib 175 which extends in a circumferential direction and in a radial direction from the inner face 157 of the side wall 23 towards the longitudinal axis 15. The baffle element 173 further comprises a second rib 177, the second rib 177 extends in a circumferential direction and in a radial direction from the generally axially and circumferentially extending support wall 151 of the impeller support region 32 away from the longitudinal axis 15. The first rib 173 has an end 179 which opposes an end 181 of the second rib 183, because the first and second ribs 175, 177 are provided in the side channel 143 a flow restriction is formed. That is to say that the first and second ribs 175, 177 impede on the flow of fluid through the side channel 143. In particular, fluid is permitted to flow through a gap 183 defined between the ends 179, 181 of the first and second ribs 175,
[0410] 177. The baffle element 173 improves the efficiency of the pump assembly 3 by restricting the reverse flow of gas in the side channel after a build-up of pressure in the impeller chamber 27. In the embodiment shown in Figures 12 and 13, the baffle element 173 is generally in-line with the radially extending outlet channel 142. That is to say, that a central axis 144 through the outlet channel 142 extends through the baffle element
[0411] 173. In other embodiments the baffle element 173 may be positioned at any preferred location in the side channel 143, such that the baffle element 173 is not in-line with the outlet channel 143. In some embodiments the pump cover 9 may comprise a plurality of baffle elements 173. The plurality of baffle elements 173 may be spaced apart in the side channel 173.
[0412] The baffle element 173 further comprises an axially extending intermediate wall portion 185 connecting the first rib 175 and the second rib 177, and the intermediate wall portion 185 defines at least part of the flow restriction. The first and second ribs 175, 177 and the intermediate wall portion 185 are integrally formed with the pump cover 9. In particular, first and second ribs 175, 177 and the intermediate wall portion 185 may be integrally formed with the end wall 25 and / or the side wall 23. In other embodiments, the first and second ribs 175, 177 and the intermediate wall portion 185 may be a removable insert.
[0413] The baffle element 173 extends along a baffle axis 187, and the baffle axis 187 is in a first plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 15. The intermediate wall portion 185 has an arcuate profile in a second plane that is perpendicular to the first plane. This can be best seen in Figure 12, whereby the intermediate wall portion 185 has an arcuate or semi-circular profile between the ends 181 and 183 respectively of the first and second ribs 175, 177. Put another way, the intermediate wall portion 185 has an arcuate profile in a plane perpendicular to a bulk fluid flow direction through the flow restriction when in use.
[0414] The first and second ribs 175, 177 extend axially across the entire height of the side channel 143. That is to say, the first and second ribs 175, 177 extend from a base of the side channel proximate the end wall 25 axially to the second stepped portion 163. In contrast, the intermediate wall portion 185 does not extend axially across the entire height of the side channel 143. It will be appreciated that if the intermediate wall portion 185 were to extend across the entire axial height of the side channel 143 fluid flow through the side channel 143 would be substantially prevented which is undesirable. In other embodiments, the first and / or second ribs 175, 177 may not extend across the entire axial height of the side channel 143. For example, the first and / or second ribs 175, 177 may extend axially across around 50%of the axial height of the side channel 143.
[0415] As described above, the baffle axis 187 is in a first plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 15. A nominal axis 189 extends in the first plane in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 15 from a point 191 on the support wall 151 where the second rib 177 extends from. The angle 193 subtended between the baffle axis 187 and the nominal axis 189 is between around 15 degrees and around 30 degrees. Providing an angle 193 in this range improves the efficiency of the pump assembly.
[0416] In some embodiments, the baffle element 173 may not comprise an intermediate wall portion 185 or a second rib 177. In embodiments where the baffle element 173 does not comprise a second rib 177, the nominal axis 189 extends from a point on the support wall 151 where the baffle axis 187 intersects the support wall 151. The pump cover 9, 171 may comprise a plurality of baffle elements 173. The baffle elements 173 may be circumferentially spaced about the side channel 143.
[0417] Figure 14 shows an end view of a second alternative pump cover 191 for use in the hydrogen recirculation pump 1. The second alternative pump cover 191 also comprises a baffle element 193 for restricting flow through the side channel 143. The second alternative pump cover 191 differs from the first alternative pump cover 171 only in that the baffle axis 195 in a first plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 15 is a curved axis. That is to say that the baffle axis 195 follows an arcuate path. Accordingly, a tangent 197 to the baffle axis 195 is taken at a midpoint 199 of the baffle axis 193 in the first plane. A nominal axis 201 extends in the first plane in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 15 from a point 203 on the support wall 151 where the second rib 177 extends from. The angle 205 subtended between the baffle axis 197 and the nominal axis 201 is between around 15 degrees and around 30 degrees. In some embodiments the pump cover 9 may comprise a plurality of baffle elements 193. The plurality of baffle elements 193 may be spaced apart in the side channel 193.
[0418] It will be appreciated that a pump cover 9 may be provided that comprises a baffle element 173 of the first alternative pump cover 171 and / or a baffle element 193 of the second alternative pump cover 191.
[0419] Figure 15 shows an end view of a third alternative pump cover 207 for use in the hydrogen recirculation pump 1. The third alternative pump cover 207 also comprises a baffle element 209. The baffle element 209 differs from the baffle elements 173 and 193 in figures 12 to 14 in that the baffle element 209 comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced axially extending deflection ribs 211. The deflection ribs 211 have a generally rectangular cross-sectional profile in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 15, the deflection ribs 211 may have any suitable cross-sectional profile. The deflection ribs 211 extend in a radial and circumferential direction. Accordingly, each deflection rib comprises a deflection rib axis 215. The deflection rib axis 215 being in a first plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 15, is angled (i.e. is not parallel or perpendicular) to a nominal axis 217, where the nominal axis 217 is an axis in the first plane which extends in an entirely radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 15 from a point on the support wall 151 and through a centroid of the respective deflection rib 211. The angle 219 subtended between the deflection rib axis 215 and the nominal axis 217 is between around 15 degrees and around 30 degrees. The respective angle 219 for each deflection rib 211 is the same, in other embodiments at least of the deflection ribs 211 may have a different angle 219.
[0420] The deflection ribs 211 are circumferentially spaced along a centreline 213, the centreline 213 extends along a wall of the side channel and extends through a centroid of each of the deflection ribs 211. In some embodiments, the centreline 213 may be the centreline of the side channel 143. The centreline 213 of the side channel 143 is a line that extends along the base of the side channel 143 and is equidistant from the support wall 151 and the side wall 23. The deflection ribs 211 being circumferentially spaced along the centreline 213 encompass a respective centroid of each deflection rib 211 being located on the centreline 213. In other embodiments, at least one of the deflection ribs 211 may be radially inboard of the centreline 213. In other embodiments, at least one of the deflection ribs 211 may be radially outboard of the centreline 213.
[0421] As with the baffle elements 173, 193, the presence of the deflection ribs 211 create a flow restriction in the side channel 143. because the defection ribs 211 do not span the entire radial width (i.e. from the support wall 151 to the side wall 23) of the side channel 143 at least one of the deflection ribs 211 may extend across the entire axial height of the side channel 143. In other embodiments at least one of the deflection ribs 211 may not extend across the entire axial height of the side channel 143. In some embodiments the baffle element 209 may comprise a single deflection rib 211.
[0422] It will be appreciated that a pump cover 9 may be provided that comprises a baffle element 173 of the first alternative pump cover 171 and / or a baffle element 193 of the second alternative pump cover 191, and / or a baffle element 209 comprising at least one deflection rib 209.
[0423] Figure 16 shows a front perspective view of the impeller 29; Figure 17 shows a rear perspective view of the impeller 29; Figure 18 shows a side cross sectional view of the impeller 29; Figure 19 shows schematically a partial side cross sectional view of the impeller 29 in the impeller chamber 27 and the pump cover 9; and Figure 20 shows a schematic front end view of the impeller 29.
[0424] The impeller 29 comprises an impeller body 221. The impeller body 221 comprises a generally disk-shaped rear cover 223 defining a central axis 225. The central axis 225 is coincident with the longitudinal axis 15 of the hydrogen recirculation pump 1 when the impeller 29 is disposed in the impeller chamber 27.
[0425] The rear cover 223 has a generally arcuate profile (as best seen in Figures 17, 18, and 19) , when taken in a plane parallel to the central axis 225. Accordingly, the rear cover 223 has a concave face 227 and an opposing convex face 229.
[0426] The impeller body 221 further comprises a generally disk-shaped connection plate 231. The connection plate 231 is radially inboard of the rear cover 223 relative to the central axis 225. The connection plate 231 is integrally formed with the rear cover 223, but in other embodiments, the connection plate 231 and rear cover 223 may be joined together
[0427] (e.g. by welding) . The connection plate 231 permits for the impeller to be mounted to the second coupling member 49.
[0428] The connection plate 231 comprises a central through-hole 233, the central through-hole 233 having a centre that is coincident with the central axis 225. The central through-hole 233 is sized to receive part of the bearing assembly 33 and the spigot 31 (as visible in Figure 4) . The connection plate 231 further comprises a plurality of fastening connection through-holes 235. The fastening connection through-holes 235 are radially outboard of the central through-hole 233 and are configured to receive connectors 113. The connectors 113, in use, extend through a respective fastening through-hole 235 and are then received in a corresponding hole in the second coupling member 49. The fastening through-holes 235 are equally angularly spaced about the central axis 225, and the fastening through-holes 235 are the same size and lie on the same radius from the central axis 225. In other embodiments, only a single fastening through-hole 235 may be provided, and in other embodiments fastening through-holes 235 may lie on different radii relative to the central axis 235 and may vary in size (diameter) .
[0429] Accordingly, a first face 237 of the connection plate 231, which is on the same side of the impeller body 221 as the convex face 229 of the rear cover 223, in use is abutted against an end of the magnetic coupling member 49. the first face 237 is retained against the magnetic coupling member 49 by the connectors 113.
[0430] A plurality of axially extending blades 239 are disposed on the concave face 227 of the rear cover 223. Each of the plurality of blades 239 extends from the connection plate in a radial and circumferential direction relative to the central axis 225 towards an outermost portion 241 of the rear cover 223. Each of the blades 239 are inclined blades, the use of inclined blades improves the efficiency of the impeller 29. Further, each of the blades 239 are backswept blades, that is to say that each blade 239 is backswept relative to a radial direction from the central axis 225. Backswept blades provide an improved mass flow rate through the pump assembly. Backswept means that the blades 239 sweep back in a direction that is opposite to the direction of rotation 243 of the impeller during use, put another way, the inclination direction of the impeller blades 239 is opposite to the rotation direction of the impeller in use. The blades 239 may have a varying blade angle, or they may have a generally constant blade angle. Each of the plurality of blades 239 defines a leading edge 245 and each leading edge 245 defining a blade incline angle 247 being inclined relative to a radial direction 249 originating from the central axis 225 in a negative angular direction relative to the direction of rotation 243 of the impeller during use. The blade incline angle may between around 10 degrees to around 30 degrees, preferably, the blade incline angle is around 20 degrees. The blade incline angle 247 may be substantially constant for all points on the leading edge 245. However, in other embodiments all points on the leading edge 245 may define a local blade incline angle relative to the radial direction 249, and wherein all local blade incline angles on the leading edge may be inclined in the negative angular direction relative to the radial direction by around 10 degrees to around 30 degrees, preferably, all local blade incline angles are around 20 degrees. Although, inclined backswept blades 239 are depicted it will be appreciated that the blades 29 may have any suitable design. The impeller 29 may comprise between around 30 to around 50 blades 239. It will be appreciated that the number of blades may vary dependent upon the size (diameter) of the impeller 29.
[0431] The radially outermost portion 241 of the rear cover 223 of the impeller body 221 further comprises an outwardly facing and axially extending protrusion 251. That is to say that the rear cover 223 comprises a protrusion 251 extending axially outwards, relative to the central axis 225, from its nominal profile indicated by the dashed line 252 in Figure 19. In other words, the protrusion 251 does not follow the arcuate profile of the rear cover
[0432] 223. By outwardly facing it is meant that the protrusion 251 extends in a direction away from the concave face 227 of the rear cover 223. The protrusion 223 extends circumferentially around the radially outermost portion 241 of the rear cover 223. The protrusion 251 is beneficial because it increases the axial length of a leakage path 253 and reduces the radial leakage gap between the impeller 29 and pump cover 3 from the side channel 143 to a region of the pump assembly 3 adjacent the convex side 229 of the rear cover 223. Put another way, the protrusion 251 results in the impeller 29 having a profile, in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis 15, that is akin to the number “7” or a generally inverted capitalised letter “L” . This is in contrast to the arcuate profile, as represented by the dashed line 252 if the protrusion 251 were not present. As such, the protrusion 251 can be considered to form a seal with the pump cover 3. That is to say that the protrusion 251 does not prevent all leakage from the side channel 143, but the inclusion of the protrusion 251 reduces leakage of fluid from the side channel 143. In some embodiments, the protrusion may not extend around the entire circumference of the radially outermost portion 241 of the rear cover 223. Providing an impeller 29 with the protrusion 251 promotes forming of a local high back pressure area, reduces inner leakage and reduces air flow to the back of the impeller 29.
[0433] Figure 21 shows a partial side cross sectional view of another impeller 255. The impeller 255 differs only from the impeller 29 in Figures 16 to 20 in that the radially outermost portion 241 of the rear cover 223 comprises two circumferentially extending grooves 257.
[0434] In other embodiments, a single circumferentially extending groove 257 may be provided. The circumferentially extending grooves 257 act to provide a labyrinth sealing arrangement to further reduce fluid leakage along the leakage pathway 253. The circumferentially extending grooves 257 cause a local flow disturbance (turbulence) , which can substantially prevent the flow of fluid in the generally axial direction along the leakage path 253. Reducing leakage along the pathway 253 increases the efficiency of the impeller 29, 255.
[0435] The impellers 29, 255 may be formed from aluminium or stainless steel as these materials are less susceptible to embrittlement caused by hydrogen. The impeller 29, 255 may be further treated for example by using cavitation peening and / or the material properties of stainless steel may be adjusted, for example by selecting a low carbon content stainless steel or adding titanium to mitigate against hydrogen embrittlement and reduce failure of the impeller 29, 255.
[0436] Figure 22 shows a perspective view of the second coupling member 49 of the magnetic coupling arrangement 41 and Figure 23 shows a schematic cross sectional side view of the second magnetic coupling member 49.
[0437] As already described, the second magnetic coupling member 49 comprises a coupling body 51. The coupling body 51 comprises a connecting portion 259 and a magnet retaining portion 261. A plurality of permanent magnets 262 are received in the magnet retaining portion 261. In other embodiments a single magnet 262 may be received in the magnet retaining portion 261. The single permanent magnet 262 may have an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis 265. It is advantageous to provide a plurality of magnets 262 as the magnets may be more quickly magnetised compared to a single larger magnet, thus reducing manufacturing time.
[0438] The coupling body 51 is a generally cylindrical body which defines a central axis 265. The coupling body 51 is formed from a magnetically permeable material. When the second coupling member 49 is in the pump assembly 3, the central axis 265 is coincident with the longitudinal axis 15. The coupling body 51, further comprises an axially extending through-hole 267, the through hole 267 extends through the entire axial length of the coupling body 51 and has a centre coincident with the central axis 265. The through-hole 267 defines at least part of the connecting portion 259. At a first end 269 of the coupling body 51 which is distal from the magnet retaining portion 261, the through-hole 267 defines a first diameter 271. The first diameter 271 of the through-hole 261 is constant along the axial length of the connecting portion 259. The diameter of the through-hole 267 changes at the magnet retaining portion 261, and the through-hole 261 defines a second diameter 273. The second diameter 273 is constant across the remaining axial length of the through-hole 261 to a second end 275 of the coupling body 51, where the second end 275 is opposite the first end 269. The second diameter 273 is smaller than the first diameter 271. Part of the bearing assembly 33 is received in the connecting portion 259 having the first diameter 271, and part of the spigot 31 is received in the portion of the through-hole 267 having the first diameter 271 and the second diameter 273. Awall of the connection body 51 which defines the through-hole 267 may form an interference fit with the bearing assembly 33. By the second diameter 273 being smaller than the first diameter 269, the cross sectional area of the magnet retaining portion 261 is increased, thus increasing the surface area of the magnets 262 that are provided in the magnet retaining portion 261. Increasing the surface area of the magnet retaining portion 261 and hence of the magnets 262 is advantageous for providing a secure coupling between the second coupling member 49 and the first coupling member 43 of the magnetic coupling arrangement 41. To further increase the cross sectional area of the magnet retaining portion 261, the first end 275 of the coupling body 51 comprises a radially and circumferentially extending flange 277. In other embodiments the coupling body 51 may not comprise a flange 277.
[0439] The coupling body 51 comprises an annular recess extending axially from the first end 275 towards the connecting portion 259 of the coupling body 51. The annular recess defines the magnet retaining portion 261, and the plurality of magnets 262 are received in the annular recess. To further retain the magnets 262 in the magnet retaining portion 261 an adhesive is provided between the magnets 262 and the magnet retaining portion 261 of the coupling body 51.
[0440] As best seen in Figure 22, the plurality of magnets 262 are equally angularly spaced about the central axis 265. That is to say that the plurality of magnets 262 are equally circumferentially disposed about the central axis 265. A constant gap 281 is provided between adjacent magnets 262. The gap 281 is between around 0 mm to around 1 mm, the gap 281 may be between around 0.1 mm to around 1mm, and the gap 281 may be around 0.5 mm.
[0441] The connecting portion 259 comprises a plurality of axially extending fastening holes 263 which are configured to receive connectors 113 which connect the bearing assembly 33 and the impeller 29 to the second coupling member 49. The fastening holes 263 extend from the first end 269 of the coupling body 51 in an axial direction towards the magnet retaining portion 261. The fastening holes 263 may comprise a threaded wall that is configured to engage with a corresponding thread on a connector 113, such as a screw or bolt. In other embodiments the fastening holes 263 may be omitted and the coupling member may connect the impeller 29 and / or bearing assembly 33 by other means. By way of example, in other embodiments the second coupling member 49 may be integrally formed with the impeller 29, or the second coupling member 49 and impeller 29 may be connected via an interference fit.
[0442] The first coupling member 43 is identical to the second coupling member 49 save as the first coupling member 43 does not comprise fastening holes 263. Instead the rotor 37 of the motor 35 which acts as a drive shaft is directly mounted to a radially inner wall of the connecting portion 259 which defines part of the through-hole 267. Accordingly, the first coupling member 43 and the second coupling member 49 are connected to respective rotatable bodies (i.e. the rotor 37 and the impeller 29) .
[0443] Figure 24 shows a perspective view of a different second coupling member 349 of magnetic coupling arrangement 41. Figure 25 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view the coupling member of Figure 24 and Figure 26 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view of the second coupling member 349 in Figure 25 rotated by 45 degrees. The second coupling member 349 shown in Figures 24 to 26, like the second coupling member 49 in Figures 22 and 23, comprises a coupling body 51 having a connecting portion 259 and a magnet retaining portion 261. Accordingly, the features of the second coupling member 349 in figures 24 to 26 which are the same as features previously described and illustrated in Figures 22 and 23 are provided with the same reference signs. For ease of understanding only the differences between the second coupling member 349 and the second coupling 49 are described.
[0444] The second coupling member 349 differs in that the permanent magnet 262 is retained in the magnet retaining portion by a plurality of connectors 351. The connectors 351 extend through the permanent magnet 262 and are received in corresponding holes 353 in the coupling body 51. The holes 353 are axially extending holes 353 and extend axially from the magnet retaining portion 261 and into the connecting portion 259. The holes 353 may comprise a threaded wall that is configured to engage with a corresponding thread on the connector 351. The holes 353 extend axially in an opposite direction to the fastening holes 263. That is to say that the holes 353 extend in a direction from the second end 275 towards the first end 269, and the fastening holes 263 extend axially in a direction from the first end 269 towards the second end 275. The holes 353 and fastening holes 263 are both blind holes, however in some embodiments at least one of the holes 263, 353 may be an axially extending through hole. In some embodiments the magnet 262 may be retained in the magnet retaining portion 261 using a single connector
[0445] 351. The fastening holes 263 and the holes 353 are circumferentially spaced apart. In the embodiment shown, the fastening holes 263 and the holes 353 are angularly spaced apart by around 45 degrees about the central axis 265. By the fastening holes 263 and holes 353 being offset from one another the fastening holes 263 and holes 353 can axially overlap. Thus fastening holes 263 and holes 353 of a desired axial depth can be obtained without needing to increase the axial length, and hence weight and cost, of the coupling body 51.
[0446] In Figures 24 to 26, the permanent magnet 262 is shown as single permanent magnet 262 that has an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis 265. However, the second coupling member 349 may comprise a plurality of permanent magnets 262 as is shown in Figures 22 and 23. Each of the plurality of permanent magnets 262 may be retained in the magnet retaining portion by at least one respective connector 351.
[0447] Disposed axially between the coupling body 51 and the permanent magnet 262 is a magnetically permeable member 355. The magnetically permeable member 355 may be made from silicon steel. The magnetically permeable member 355 is an annular sheet. The magnetically permeable member 355 may be any appropriate shape. Providing a magnetically permeable member 355 between the permanent magnet 262 and the coupling body 51 allows for the coupling body 51 to be made from a non-magnetically permeable material. By way of example, the coupling body 51 may be made from a polymer such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) . Forming the coupling body 51 from a non-magnetically permeable material may allow for manufacturing time to be reduced.
[0448] A first coupling member which forms part of a magnetic coupling arrangement 41 with the second coupling member 349 may be identical to the second coupling member 349 save as for the first coupling member does not comprise fastening holes 263. Instead, the rotor 37 of the motor 35 which acts as a drive shaft is directly mounted to a radially inner wall of the connecting portion 259 which defines part of the through-hole 267. Accordingly, the first coupling member 43 and the second coupling member are connected to respective rotatable bodies (i.e. the rotor 37 and the impeller 29) .
[0449] Figure 27 shows a perspective view of a different second coupling member 449 of magnetic coupling arrangement 41. Figure 28 shows a cross-sectional side view the coupling member of Figure 27. The second coupling member 449 shown in Figures 27 and 28, like the second coupling member 49 in Figures 22 and 23, comprises a coupling body 51 having a connecting portion 259 and a magnet retaining portion 261. Accordingly, the features of the second coupling member 449 in Figures 27 and 28 which are the same as features previously described and illustrated in Figures 22 and 23 and in Figures 24 to 26, are provided with the same reference signs. For ease of understanding only the differences between second coupling member 449 and the second coupling member 49 and 349 are described.
[0450] The second coupling member 449 differs in that the permanent magnet 262 is retained in the magnet retaining portion by a radially extending protrusion 451 relative to the central axis 265. In particular, the radially extending protrusion 451 is an annular protrusion that extends around a circumference of a radially outer wall 453 of the connecting body 51. The protrusion 451 extends from the radially outer wall 453 in a radial direction towards the central axis 265. In other embodiments, the protrusion 451 may be circumferentially discrete. That is to say, the protrusion 451 may not extend around the entire circumference of the radially outer wall 453. The protrusion 451 retains the magnet 262 in the magnet retaining portion 261 by limiting axial movement of the magnet 262 relative to the central axis 265.
[0451] The permanent magnet 262 comprises a radially extending recess 455 that is complementary to the radially extending protrusion 451. The radially extending protrusion 451 is received in the recess 455 of the magnet 262 and abuts an axially facing and radially extending surface 457 of the magnet 262 that defines at least part of the recess 455. The abutment of the protrusion 451 against the surface 457 of the permanent magnet 262 limits axial movement of the magnet 262 and retains the magnet 262 in the magnet retaining portion 261. The recess 455 of the magnet 262 has a profile that is complementary to the protrusion 451.
[0452] The magnet retaining portion 261 further comprises a second protrusion 459. The second protrusion 459, like the first protrusion 451 is a radially extending protrusion relative to the central axis 265. In particular, the radially extending protrusion 459 is an annular protrusion that extends around a circumference of a radially inner wall 461 of the magnet retaining portion 261 which defines part of the through-hole 267 of the connecting body 51. The protrusion 459 extends from the radially inner wall 461 in a radial direction away from the central axis 265. In other embodiments, the protrusion 459 may not extend around the entire circumference of the radially inner wall 461. That is to say the protrusion 459 may extend around part of the circumference of the radially inner wall 461. The protrusion 459 retains the magnet 262 in the magnet retaining portion 261 by limiting axial movement of the magnet 262 relative to the central axis 265. The protrusion 459 may be formed by bending or stamping part of the radially inner wall 461.
[0453] The permanent magnet 262 comprises an additional radially extending recess 463 that is complementary to the radially extending protrusion 459. The radially extending protrusion 459 is received in the additional recess 463 of the magnet 262 and abuts an axially facing and radially extending surface 465 of the magnet 262 that defines at least part of the recess 463. The abutment of the protrusion 459 against the surface 463 of the permanent magnet 262 limits axial movement of the magnet 262 and retains the magnet in the magnet retaining portion 261. The recess 463 of the magnet 262 has a shape that is complementary to the protrusion 459.
[0454] In some embodiments the magnet retaining portion 261 may comprise only one of the first protrusion 451 and the second protrusion 459. Likewise, the magnet 262 may only comprise one recess 455, 463 that is complementary to the protrusion 451, 459. Similarly, the protrusions 451, 459 and recesses 455, 463 may be any suitable shape.
[0455] As with the second coupling member 349 shown in Figures 24 to 26, the second coupling member 449 comprises a magnetically permeable member 467 disposed axially between the coupling body 51 and the permanent magnet 262. The magnetically permeable member 467 may be made from silicon steel. The magnetically permeable member 467 is a generally annular sheet. That is to say that the magnetically permeable member 467 has a generally annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis
[0456] 265. The magnetically permeable member 467 differs from the magnetically permeable member 355 in Figures 24 to 26 in that it comprises a radially extending recess 469. The retaining member 261 further comprises a radially extending protrusion 471 that is complementary to the recess 469 of the magnetically permeable member 467. The radially extending protrusion 471 is received in the corresponding recess 469 of the magnetically permeable member 467.
[0457] The magnetically permeable member 467 has a profile in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis 265 that corresponds to the profile of the permanent magnet 262. That is to say, that if the magnet 262 comprises a first recess, the magnetically permeable member 467 also comprises a first recess. The recess of the permanent magnet 262 and the magnetically permeable member 467 have the same radial extent. The recess of the permanent magnet 262 may however have a different axial extent to the corresponding recess of the magnetically permeable member 467. Similarly, if the magnet 262 has a second recess, the magnetically permeable member 467 will have a corresponding second recess. Put another way, the magnetically permeable member 467 and the permanent magnet 262 when in the magnet retaining portion 261 are rotationally symmetrical about an axis 473 of the magnet retaining portion 261, where the axis 473 is parallel with the central axis 265. In other embodiments, the magnetically permeable member 467 and the permanent magnet 262 when in the magnet retaining portion 261 may not be rotationally symmetrical about an axis 473 of the magnet retaining portion 261, where the axis 473 is parallel with the central axis 265
[0458] The magnetically permeable member 467 may be any appropriate shape. Providing the magnetic permeable member 467 axially between the permanent magnet 262 and the coupling body 51 allows for the coupling body 51 to be made from a non-magnetically permeable material. By way of example, the coupling body 51 may be made from a polymer such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) .
[0459] The through-hole 267 of the second coupling member 449 has a constant diameter along its axial length. In other embodiments, the through-hole 267 may have a variable diameter as shown in the second coupling members 49, 349 in Figures 22 to 26. Further, although a single permanent magnet 262 is shown in Figures 27 and 28, a plurality of permanent magnets 262 may be provided, as is shown in Figures 22 and 23. Where a plurality of permanent magnets 262 are provided in the magnet retaining portion 261 the radially extending protrusions 451, 459 are configured to limit axial movement of at least of the permanent magnets 262.
[0460] A first coupling member which forms part of a magnetic coupling arrangement with the second coupling member 449 may be identical to the second coupling member 449 save as for the first coupling member does not comprise fastening holes 263. Instead, the rotor 37 of the motor 35 which acts as a drive shaft is directly mounted to the radially inner wall 461 of the connecting portion 259 which defines part of the through-hole 267. Accordingly, the first coupling member 43 and the second coupling member are connected to respective rotatable bodies (i.e. the rotor 37 and the impeller 29) .
[0461] It will be appreciated that a first coupling member and a second coupling member may comprise a combination of features of the coupling members described in Figures 22 to 28.
[0462] By way of example magnets 262 may be retained in a magnet retaining portion 261 through use of a combination of connectors 351 as shown in Figures 24 to 26 and radially extending protrusions 451, 459 as shown in Figures 27 and 28. Likewise, an adhesive as used in the coupling member 49 may be used to retain the magnets 262 in the coupling members 349, 449. It is also possible that in some embodiments, the first coupling member 43 may comprise fastening holes 263 to permit connection of the first coupling member 43 to the rotor 37.
[0463] The invention may be further defined by the following numbered clauses:
[0464] 1. A bearing housing for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the bearing housing comprising: a body configured to receive one or more bearings, the one or more bearings being configured to support rotation of an impeller about a longitudinal axis; and a connecting flange configured to engage the impeller, the connecting flange extending around and radially outward of the body; and wherein the connecting flange is offset along the longitudinal axis, from an axial midpoint of the body.
[0465] 2. A bearing housing according to clause 1, wherein the connecting flange comprises at least two through-holes configured to receive a connector therethrough, and wherein the at least two through-holes are equi-angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis.
[0466] 3. A bearing housing according to clause 2, wherein the number of through-holes is an even number.
[0467] 4. A bearing housing according to any preceding clause, wherein the body comprises a generally cylindrical wall having a radially outer face which the connecting flange extends around, and a radially inner face; the bearing housing further comprising an annular inner flange, the annular inner flange extending radially inwards from the inner face.
[0468] 5. A bearing housing according to clause 4, wherein the annular inner flange is located at the axial midpoint of the body.
[0469] 6. A bearing housing according to clause 4 or clause 5, wherein the annular inner flange is axially spaced from the connecting flange.
[0470] 7. A bearing housing according to any of clauses 4 to 6, wherein the body defines a first cavity for receiving a first bearing, and the first cavity is defined at least in part by the annular inner flange.
[0471] 8. A bearing housing according to clause 7 wherein the body further defines a second cavity for receiving a second bearing, the second cavity being defined at least in part by the annular inner flange, wherein the first and second cavity are axially spaced and the first and second cavity are separated by the annular inner flange.
[0472] 9. A bearing housing according to any preceding clause, wherein the body is rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis.
[0473] 10. A bearing housing according to any preceding clause, wherein the connecting flange comprises an annular wall.
[0474] 11. A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising: a pump assembly comprising:
[0475] a pump cover defining an inlet and an outlet; and an impeller located within a pump chamber defined at least in part by the pump cover; a motor assembly comprising:
[0476] a motor housing; a motor located within the motor housing and configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;
[0477] an adapter provided between the pump cover and the motor housing configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, the motor housing and pump cover; and
[0478] a bearing housing according to any preceding clause disposed, at least in part, radially inwards of the adapter element, and wherein the connecting flange engages an impeller.
[0479] 12. An adapter for a hydrogen recirculation pump, wherein the adapter is configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, a motor housing and pump cover;
[0480] the adapter defining a longitudinal axis and comprising: a wall encircling the longitudinal axis; the wall having a front face for engagement with the pump cover, and a rear face, opposite the front face, for engagement with the motor housing; wherein the wall comprises a drainage passage, configured to convey a liquid to an outlet passage of the pump cover.
[0481] 13. An adapter according to clause 12, wherein the cross section of the drainage passage is a slot.
[0482] 14. An adapter according to clause 12 or clause 13, where, in use, the adapter is orientated for liquid to pass through the drainage passage to an outlet passage of the pump cover under the action of gravity.
[0483] 15. An adapter according to any of clauses 12 to 14, further comprising a flange, wherein, with respect to the longitudinal axis, the flange is radially outboard of the wall.
[0484] 16. An adapter according to any of clauses 12 to 15, further comprising at least one tool recess that is configured to engage a tool.
[0485] 17. An adapter according to clause 16, when dependent on clause 15, wherein the at least one tool recess is provided in the flange.
[0486] 18. An adapter according to any of clauses 12 to 17, further comprising at least one through-hole configured to receive a connector to connect the adapter to the pump cover and the motor housing.
[0487] 19. An adapter according to clause 18, when dependent on clause 15 or any clause directly or indirectly dependent on clause 15, wherein the at least one through-hole extends through the flange.
[0488] 20. An adapter according to clause 18 or clause 19, wherein the adapter comprises a plurality of through-holes configured to receive a respective connector to connect the adapter to the pump cover and the motor housing.
[0489] 21. An adapter according to any of clauses 12 to 20, wherein the adapter comprises a groove that is configured to receive a sealing member for sealing between the adapter and the pump cover.
[0490] 22. An adapter according to clause 21, wherein the groove is an annular groove, and the sealing member is an annular seal.
[0491] 23. An adapter according to clause 22, when dependent on clause 15, wherein the annular groove is provided at an interface between the wall and the flange.
[0492] 24. A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising: a pump assembly; a motor assembly; and an adapter according to any of clauses 12 to 23, the adapter being connected to and providing an interface between the motor assembly and the pump assembly.
[0493] 25. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 24, wherein:
[0494] the pump assembly comprises: a pump cover defining an inlet and an outlet; and an impeller located within the pump cover;
[0495] the motor assembly comprises:
[0496] a motor housing;
[0497] a motor located within the motor housing and configured to, via a linkage, drive rotation of the impeller about a longitudinal axis of the pump assembly; and
[0498] wherein the adapter provides an interface between, the motor housing and the pump cover.
[0499] 26. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 24 or clause 25, wherein the front face of the adapter has a conformal profile, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis with an adjacent face of the impeller.
[0500] 27. A pump cover for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the pump cover comprising: an inlet passage configured to receive intake fluid; an impeller chamber in fluid communication with the inlet passage, the impeller chamber configured to receive an impeller for rotation about a longitudinal axis; and
[0501] an outlet passage in fluid communication with the impeller chamber;
[0502] an end wall which defines at least part of the impeller chamber;
[0503] a side wall extending axially from the end wall, the side wall defining at least part of the impeller chamber and the outlet passage;
[0504] wherein the impeller chamber comprises a circumferentially extending concave side channel concentric to the longitudinal axis and defined at least in part by the end wall and the side wall, the side channel extending between the inlet passage and the outlet passage;
[0505] wherein an axially extending baffle element is located in the side channel; the baffle element comprises a rib and the rib extends in a circumferential direction and in a radial direction from the side wall towards the longitudinal axis.
[0506] 28. A pump cover according to clause 27, wherein the impeller chamber comprises a support region disposed radially inboard of the side wall and located on the longitudinal axis;
[0507] the support region defining at least part of the side channel;
[0508] wherein the rib is a first rib and the baffle element further comprises a second rib extending in a circumferential direction and in a radial direction from the impeller support region away from the longitudinal axis;
[0509] a flow restriction being formed between an end of the first rib and an opposing end of the second rib.
[0510] 29. A pump cover according to clause 28, wherein the baffle element comprises an axially extending intermediate wall portion connecting the first and second rib.
[0511] 30. A pump cover according to clause 29, wherein the intermediate wall portion defines at least in part the flow restriction; and wherein the baffle element extends along a baffle axis within a first plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; and wherein the intermediate wall portion has an arcuate profile in a second plane, the second plane extends through the baffle axis and the second plane is perpendicular to the first plane.
[0512] 31. A pump cover according to any of clauses 27 to 30, wherein at least a portion of the baffle element extends axially across an entire height of the side channel.
[0513] 32. A pump cover according to any of clauses 27 to 30, wherein the baffle element does not extend axially across the entire height of the side channel.
[0514] 33. A pump cover according to clause 28, wherein the support region comprises an axially and circumferentially extending support wall which defines at least part of the side channel; wherein the baffle element extends along a baffle axis within a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; wherein, in the plane, a nominal axis extends in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis from a point on the support wall where the second rib extends from; and wherein an angle subtended between the baffle axis and the nominal axis is between around 15 degrees and around 30 degrees.
[0515] 34. A pump cover according to any of clauses 27 to 33, wherein the baffle element is integrally formed with the pump cover.
[0516] 35. A pump cover according to any of clauses 27 to 34, wherein the pump cover comprises a second baffle element, the second baffle element comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced axially extending deflection ribs.
[0517] 36. A pump cover according to clause 35, wherein the deflection ribs have a generally rectangular cross-sectional profile in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
[0518] 37. A pump cover according to clause 35 or 36, wherein the plurality of deflection ribs are circumferentially spaced along a centerline of the side channel.
[0519] 38. A pump cover according to clause 35 or clause 36, wherein the plurality of deflection ribs are radially inboard of a centerline of the side channel.
[0520] 39. A pump cover according to any of clauses 35 to 38, wherein at least a portion of one of the plurality of deflection ribs extends axially across the entire height of the side channel.
[0521] 40. A pump cover according to any of clauses 35 to 38, the plurality of deflection ribs do not extend axially across the entire height of the side channel.
[0522] 41. A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising: a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising a pump cover according to any of clauses 27 to 40;
[0523] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising a motor housing; and
[0524] an adapter provided between the pump cover and the motor housing configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, the motor housing and the pump cover.
[0525] 42. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 41, wherein: the pump assembly comprises an impeller located within the impeller chamber; and a motor is located within the motor housing and is configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about the longitudinal axis; and a bearing housing is disposed, at least in part, radially inwards of the adapter, the bearing housing comprising a bearing configured to support at least part of the linkage.
[0526] 43. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 41 or clause 42, where in use, the hydrogen recirculation pump is orientated such that the outlet passage is located at a lowermost portion with respect to gravity.
[0527] 44. A pump cover for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the pump cover comprising: an end wall; an annular side wall, extending from the end wall; an impeller chamber configured to receive an impeller for rotation within the impeller chamber about a longitudinal axis, the impeller chamber being at least partly defined by the end wall and the annular side wall;
[0528] the impeller chamber comprising a support region disposed radially inboard of the side wall, and the support region having a center coincident with the longitudinal axis;
[0529] an inlet opening provided in the end wall;
[0530] an outlet opening;
[0531] wherein the inlet opening and the outlet opening are circumferentially spaced apart, and separated by a tongue extending between the side wall and the support region; and
[0532] wherein the end wall further comprises a concave side channel which places the inlet opening in fluid communication with the outlet opening, wherein the side channel extends circumferentially from the inlet opening to the outlet opening and is at least partly defined by the support region.
[0533] 45. A pump cover according to clause 44, wherein a radially inner face of a distal most end of the side wall, relative to the end wall, defines a main diameter,
[0534] the side wall comprising a first stepped portion adjacent the distal most end, the first stepped portion defining a first step diameter that is less than the main diameter; and
[0535] the side wall further comprising a second stepped portion adjacent the first stepped portion, the second stepped portion defining a second step diameter that is less than the first step diameter.
[0536] 46. A pump cover according to clause 44 or clause 45, where, in use, the pump cover is orientated to allow condensate to pass through the outlet opening under the action of gravity.
[0537] 47. A pump cover according to any of clauses 44 to 46, where, in use, the outlet opening is located at a lowermost, with respect to the direction of gravity, periphery of the side wall.
[0538] 48. A pump cover according to any of clauses 44 to 47, further comprising a liquid drain opening adjacent the outlet opening, the liquid drain opening extending through the side wall.
[0539] 49. A pump cover according to clause 48, wherein a liquid drain passage extends from the support region through the tongue to the liquid drain opening and is configured to direct liquid from the support region to the liquid drain opening.
[0540] 50. A pump cover according to any of clauses 44 to 49, wherein the outlet pipe is defined by a generally cylindrical wall extending radially outward from the side wall at the outlet opening, and wherein an outer surface of the cylindrical wall comprises two spaced apart grooves which extend circumferentially around the outer surface, each groove configured to receive a sealing member.
[0541] 51. A pump cover according to any of clauses 44 to 50, wherein a radially outer face of the annular side wall comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced protrusions; wherein each of the protrusions comprises an axially extending hole configured to receive a connector for connection of the pump cover with an adapter and / or a motor housing.
[0542] 52. Apump cover according to any of clauses 44 to 51, further comprising a flange adjacent the end wall and radially outboard of the annular side wall; the flange defining an interface for mounting the pump cover, the flange comprising a plurality of axial through-holes configured to receive connectors.
[0543] 53. A pump cover according to any of clauses 44 to 52, wherein the side channel comprises at least one baffle element configured to create a flow restriction in the side channel.
[0544] 54. A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising: a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0545] a pump cover according to any of clauses 44 to 53; and a motor assembly.
[0546] 55. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 54, wherein: the pump assembly further comprises an impeller located within the impeller chamber, the impeller being supported for rotation within the impeller chamber;
[0547] the motor assembly comprising a motor housing;
[0548] wherein a motor is located within the motor housing and is configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis; an adapter provided between the pump cover and the motor housing, the adapter being connected to both the motor housing and pump cover; and a bearing housing disposed, at least in part, radially inboard of the adapter, the bearing housing comprising a bearing configured to support at least part of the linkage.
[0549] 56. An impeller for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the impeller comprising: an impeller body, the impeller body comprising:
[0550] a generally disk-shaped rear cover defining a central axis, and the rear cover having a generally arcuate profile in a plane parallel to the central axis, the arcuate profile defining a concave face; and
[0551] a generally disk-shaped central connection plate radially inboard of the rear cover;
[0552] wherein a plurality of axially extending blades are disposed on the concave face of the rear cover and each of the plurality of blades extends in a radial and circumferential direction from the connection plate; and
[0553] wherein a radially outermost portion of the rear cover comprises an outwardly facing and axially extending protrusion for forming a seal with a pump cover.
[0554] 57. An impeller for a hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 56, wherein the protrusion extends around the circumference of the rear cover.
[0555] 58. An impeller according to clause 57, wherein the radially outermost portion of the rear cover comprises at least one circumferentially extending groove.
[0556] 59. An impeller according to any of clauses 56 to 58, wherein the connection plate comprises a through-hole, coincident with the central axis, for receiving at least part of a bearing assembly.
[0557] 60. An impeller according to any of clauses 56 to 59, wherein the connection plate comprises at least one fastener connection through-hole for receiving a connector for connection with a magnetic coupling arrangement.
[0558] 61. An impeller according to clause 60 when dependent on clause 59, wherein the connection plate comprises a plurality of fastener connection through-holes and the fastener connection through-holes are equally circumferentially spaced about the central axis.
[0559] 62. An impeller according to any of clauses 56 to 61, wherein each of the plurality of blades are backswept relative to a radial direction from the central axis.
[0560] 63. An impeller according to clause 62, wherein each of the plurality of blades defines a leading edge, the leading edge defining a blade incline angle being inclined relative to a radial direction originating from the central axis in a negative angular direction relative to the direction of rotation of the impeller during use;and wherein all points of the leading edge define a local blade incline angle relative to the radial direction, and wherein all local blade incline angles on the leading edge are inclined in the negative angular direction relative to the radial direction by around 10 degrees to around 30 degrees.
[0561] 64. An impeller according to clause 63, wherein all local blade incline angles on the leading edge are inclined in the negative angular direction relative to the radial direction by between around 10 degrees to around 30 degrees.
[0562] 65. An impeller according to any of clauses 56 to 64, wherein the impeller is formed from an aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
[0563] 66. An impeller according to any of clauses 56 to 65, wherein the number of blades is between around 30 to around 50.
[0564] 67. A pump assembly for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the pump assembly comprising:
[0565] a pump cover, the pump cover comprising:
[0566] an inlet passage configured to receive intake fluid;
[0567] an impeller chamber in fluid communication with the inlet passage;
[0568] an outlet passage in fluid communication with the impeller chamber;
[0569] an end wall which defines at least part of the impeller chamber;
[0570] a side wall extending axially from the end wall, the side wall defining at least part of the impeller chamber;
[0571] wherein the impeller chamber comprises a circumferentially extending concave side channel concentric to the longitudinal axis and defined at least in part by the end wall and the side wall, the side channel extending between the inlet passage and the outlet passage; and
[0572] an impeller according to any of clauses 56 to 66 disposed in the impeller chamber and supported for rotation about the central axis.
[0573] 68. A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising: a pump assembly according to clause 67; a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising a motor housing; and an adapter provided between the pump cover and the motor housing configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, the motor housing and the pump cover.
[0574] 69. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 68, wherein: a motor is located within the motor housing and is configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about the longitudinal axis; and a bearing housing is disposed, at least in part, radially inwards of the adapter, the bearing housing comprising a bearing configured to support at least part of the linkage.
[0575] 70. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0576] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising: a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; and an impeller located within the impeller chamber;
[0577] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising: a motor housing;
[0578] wherein a motor is located within the motor housing and is configured to
[0579] drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;
[0580] an adapter provided between the pump assembly and the motor assembly, the adapter being mounted to both the motor housing and the pump cover;
[0581] wherein the pump cover is mounted to the adapter by a first connection arrangement which permits the pump cover to be detached from the adapter and reattached to the adapter, and the motor housing is mounted to the adapter by a second connection arrangement which permits the motor housing to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter.
[0582] 71. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 70, wherein the first connection arrangement and / or second connection arrangement comprise a plurality of connectors.
[0583] 72. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 70 to 71, wherein a bearing housing is disposed, at least in part, radially inwards, relative to the longitudinal axis, of the adapter, the bearing housing comprising a bearing configured to support at least part of the linkage.
[0584] 73. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 70 to 72, wherein the linkage further comprises: a magnetic coupling arrangement, the magnetic coupling arrangement comprising: a first permanent magnet fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor; and a second permanent magnet fixedly connected to the impeller; wherein a motor end cover is provided adjacent the adapter, and the motor end cover being located between the first and second permanent magnets; and wherein the first and second permanent magnets exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation therebetween such that a rotation of the drive shaft and first permanent magnet is transmitted to the second permanent magnet and the impeller.
[0585] 74. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 73, wherein the second permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the impeller via a magnetic coupling body.
[0586] 75. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 73 or 74, wherein in the motor end cover is formed from a non-magnetically permeable material.
[0587] 76. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 74 to 75, wherein the motor end cover is secured to the motor housing by a plurality of connectors.
[0588] 77. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 70 to 76, wherein the motor assembly comprises an electrical connection interface configured to connect the motor to a power source for driving the motor.
[0589] 78. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 77, wherein the electrical connection interface is integrally formed with the motor housing.
[0590] 79. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 77 or 78, wherein the electrical connection interface is radially outboard, with respect to the longitudinal axis, of the motor housing.
[0591] 80. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 70 to 79, wherein the motor assembly comprises a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature inside the motor housing, and wherein the motor assembly further comprises a temperature sensor connection interface configured to transmit a sensed temperature.
[0592] 81. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 80, wherein the temperature sensor connection interface is integrally formed with the motor housing.
[0593] 82. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 80 or 81, wherein the temperature sensor connection interface is provided radially outboard, with respect to the longitudinal axis, of the motor housing.
[0594] 83. A modular hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 70 to 82,
[0595] wherein the pump cover comprises:
[0596] an end wall;
[0597] an annular side wall, extending from the end wall;
[0598] wherein the end wall and the annular side wall at least partly define the impeller chamber; and
[0599] a flange adjacent to the end wall and radially outboard of the annular side wall, the flange defining an interface for engagement with a manifold and comprising a plurality of holes configured to receive connectors for securing the flange to the manifold.
[0600] 84. A kit of parts for a modular hydrogen recirculation pump, the kit of parts comprising:
[0601] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0602] a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; and
[0603] an impeller configured to be located within the impeller chamber;
[0604] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0605] a motor housing;
[0606] wherein a motor is configured to be located within the motor housing and is configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;
[0607] an adapter, wherein the adapter is configured to be provided between the pump assembly and the motor assembly, and the adapter is configured to be mounted to the motor housing and the pump cover,
[0608] wherein the pump cover is configured to be mounted to the adapter by a first connection arrangement which permits the pump cover to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter, and the motor housing is configured to be mounted to the adapter by a second connection arrangement which permits the motor housing to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter.
[0609] 85. A coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising: a coupling body, the coupling body including: a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body; and a magnet retaining portion; and wherein a permanent magnet is received in the magnet retaining portion.
[0610] 86. A coupling member according to clause 85, wherein the coupling body is a generally cylindrical body having a central axis;
[0611] the coupling body comprising a through-hole, coincident with the central axis, which extends through the coupling body and defines at least part of the connecting portion; and
[0612] wherein a first end of the coupling body comprises an annular recess which defines the magnet retaining portion.
[0613] 87. A coupling member according to clause 86, wherein the first end of the coupling body comprises a flange, and the flange defines part of the annular recess.
[0614] 88. A coupling member according to clause 86 or clause 87, wherein at the first end of the coupling body the through-hole has a first diameter; and at a region axially spaced from the magnet retaining portion the through-hole has a second diameter; wherein the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.
[0615] 89. A coupling member according to any of clauses 86 to 88, wherein the through-hole is configured to receive at least part of a shaft or a spigot.
[0616] 90. A coupling member according to clause 89, wherein a wall of the coupling body which at least partially defines the through-hole is mounted to the shaft.
[0617] 91. A coupling member according to any of clauses 86 to 90, wherein a second end of the coupling body, which is opposite the first end, comprises at least one axially extending fastening hole, the at least one fastening hole being configured to receive a connector to connect the coupling member to an impeller.
[0618] 92. A coupling member according to any of clauses 85 to 91, wherein an adhesive is provided between the permanent magnet and the magnet retaining portion to retain the permanent magnet in the magnet retaining portion.
[0619] 93. A coupling member according to any of clauses 85 to 92, when dependent either directly or indirectly on clause 2, wherein the permanent magnet has an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis.
[0620] 94. A coupling member according to any of clauses 85 to 93, wherein a plurality of permanent magnets are provided in the magnet retaining portion.
[0621] 95. A coupling member according to clause 94, when dependent either directly or indirectly on clause 2, wherein the plurality of permanent magnets are equally circumferentially disposed about the central axis.
[0622] 96. A coupling member according to clause 95, wherein a gap of around between 0 mm to around 1 mm is provided between adjacent permanent magnets.
[0623] 97. A coupling member according to any of clauses 85 to 96, wherein the coupling body is formed from a magnetically permeable material.
[0624] 98. A magnetic coupling arrangement for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the magnetic coupling comprising:
[0625] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 85 to 97,
[0626] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to an impeller of a pump, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 85 to 97; and
[0627] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members.
[0628] 99. A magnetic coupling arrangement according to clause 98, wherein a gap of between around 3.5 mm to around 4 mm is provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm.
[0629] 100. A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0630] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0631] a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; and
[0632] an impeller located within the impeller chamber;
[0633] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0634] a motor housing; and
[0635] a motor provided in the motor housing;
[0636] a magnetic coupling configured to provide a linkage between the motor and the impeller to allow the motor to rotationally drive the impeller about a longitudinal axis;
[0637] wherein the magnetic coupling comprises:
[0638] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 85 to 97, or is a first coupling member of the coupling arrangement of either clause 98 or clause 99; and
[0639] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to the impeller, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 85 to 97any, or is a second coupling member of the coupling arrangement of either clause 98 or clause 99;
[0640] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members such that a rotation of the drive shaft and the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member and the impeller.
[0641] 101. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 100, further comprising an adapter, the adapter being connected to and providing an interface between the motor assembly and the pump assembly.
[0642] 102. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 100 or clause 101, wherein the first coupling member is mounted to a drive shaft of the motor.
[0643] 103. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 100 to 102, wherein at least part of the impeller is connected to the second coupling member via the connecting portion.
[0644] 104. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 100 to 103, wherein the first coupling member and the second coupling member are axially separated and a motor housing end cover is disposed between the first coupling member and the second coupling member.
[0645] 105. A coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising: a coupling body, the coupling body including: a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body; and a magnet retaining portion; and wherein a permanent magnet is received in the magnet retaining portion and the permanent magnet is secured in the magnet retaining portion by a first connector extending through the permanent magnet and an end of the first connector is received in a hole of the coupling body.
[0646] 106. A coupling member according to clause 105, further comprising a plurality of first connectors wherein an end of each connector is received in a respective hole in the coupling body.
[0647] 107. A coupling member according to clause 105 or clause 106, wherein the coupling body is a generally cylindrical body having a central axis;
[0648] the coupling body comprising a through-hole, coincident with the central axis, extending through the coupling body and defining at least part of the connecting portion; and
[0649] wherein a first end of the coupling body comprises an annular recess which defines the magnet retaining portion.
[0650] 108. A coupling member according to clause 107, wherein the first end of the coupling body comprises a flange, and the flange defines part of the annular recess.
[0651] 109. A coupling member according to clause 107 or clause 108, wherein at the first end of the coupling body the through-hole has a first diameter; and
[0652] at a region axially spaced from the magnet retaining portion the through-hole has a second diameter;
[0653] wherein the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.
[0654] 110. A coupling member according to any of clauses 107 to 109, wherein the through-hole is configured to receive at least part of a shaft or a spigot.
[0655] 111. A coupling member according to clause 110, wherein a wall of the coupling body which at least partially defines the through-hole is configured to be mounted to the shaft.
[0656] 112. A coupling member according to any of clauses 107 to 109, wherein a second end of the coupling body, which is opposite the first end, comprises at least one axially extending fastening hole, the at least one fastening hole being configured to receive a connector to connect the coupling member to an impeller.
[0657] 113. A coupling member according to any of clauses 105 to 112, wherein a magnetically permeable member is disposed between the permanent magnet and the magnet retaining portion.
[0658] 114. A coupling member according to any of clauses 105 to 113, when dependent either directly or indirectly on clause 3, wherein the permanent magnet has an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis.
[0659] 115. A coupling member according to any of clauses 105 to 114, wherein a plurality of permanent magnets are provided in the magnet retaining portion, and wherein each permanent magnet is secured in the magnet retaining portion by a respective first connector.
[0660] 116. A coupling member according to clause 115, when dependent either directly or indirectly on clause 3, wherein the plurality of permanent magnets are equally circumferentially disposed about the central axis.
[0661] 117. A coupling member according to clause 115 or clause 116, wherein a gap of between around 0 mm to around 1 mm is provided between adjacent permanent magnets.
[0662] 118. A magnetic coupling arrangement for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the magnetic coupling comprising:
[0663] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 105 to 117,
[0664] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to an impeller of a pump assembly, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 105 to 117; and
[0665] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members, such that a rotation of the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member.
[0666] 119. A magnetic coupling arrangement according to clause 118, wherein a gap of between around 3.5 mm to around 4 mm is provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm.
[0667] 120. A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0668] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0669] a pump cover defining a wheel chamber; and
[0670] an impeller located within the wheel chamber;
[0671] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0672] a motor housing; and
[0673] a motor provided in the motor housing;
[0674] a magnetic coupling configured to provide a linkage between the motor and the impeller to allow the motor to drive the impeller about a longitudinal axis;
[0675] wherein the magnetic coupling comprises:
[0676] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 105 to 117 or is a first coupling member of the coupling arrangement of either clause 118 or clause 119; and
[0677] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to the impeller, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 105 to 117 or is a second coupling member of the coupling arrangement of either clause 118 or clause 119;
[0678] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members such that a rotation of the drive shaft and the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member and the impeller.
[0679] 121. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 120, further comprising an adapter, the adapter being connected to and providing an interface between the motor assembly and the pump assembly.
[0680] 122. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 120 or clause 121, wherein the first coupling member is mounted to a drive shaft of the motor.
[0681] 123. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 120 to 122, wherein at least part of a spigot connected to the impeller is connected to the second coupling member.
[0682] 124. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 120 to 123, wherein the first coupling member and the second coupling member are axially separated and a motor housing end cover is disposed between the first coupling member and the second coupling member.
[0683] 125. A coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising: a generally cylindrical coupling body having a central axis, the coupling body including:
[0684] a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body, wherein a through-hole coincident with the central axis extends through the coupling body and defines at least part of the connecting portion; and
[0685] a magnet retaining portion, wherein a first end of the coupling body comprises an axially extending annular recess which defines the magnet retaining portion, and a permanent magnet having an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis is received in the magnet retaining portion;
[0686] wherein the magnet retaining portion comprises a radially extending protrusion, and the protrusion is arranged to axially retain the magnet within the magnet retaining portion.
[0687] 126. A coupling member according to clause 125, wherein the radially extending protrusion is an annular protrusion.
[0688] 127. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 126, wherein the radially extending protrusion extends from a radially outer wall of the magnet retaining portion in a direction towards the central axis.
[0689] 128. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 127, wherein the permanent magnet comprises a recess, the recess having a profile that is complementary to the radially extending protrusion.
[0690] 129. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 128, wherein the radially extending protrusion is a first protrusion, and the magnet retaining portion comprises a second radially extending protrusion.
[0691] 130. A coupling member according to clause 129 when dependent directly or indirectly on clause 3, wherein the second radially extending protrusion extends from a radially inner wall of the magnet retaining portion in a direction away from the central axis.
[0692] 131. A coupling member according to the clause 130, wherein at least one of the first and second radially extending protrusions are annular protrusions.
[0693] 132. A coupling member according to any of clauses 129 to 131, when dependent on clause 4, wherein the recess of the permanent magnet is a first recess having a profile that is complementary to the first radially extending protrusion; and the permanent magnet comprises a second recess, the second recess having a profile that is complementary to the second radially extending protrusion.
[0694] 133. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 132, wherein the first end of the coupling body comprises a flange, and the flange defines part of the axially extending annular recess.
[0695] 134. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 133wherein at the first end of the coupling body the through-hole has a first diameter; and at a region axially spaced from the magnet retaining portion the through-hole has a second diameter; wherein the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.
[0696] 135. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 134, wherein a magnetically permeable member having a generally annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis is received in the magnet retaining portion and is disposed between the permanent magnet and the magnet retaining portion.
[0697] 136. A coupling member according to clause 135, wherein the magnetically permeable member comprises a radially extending recess; and the retaining member comprises a complementary protrusion received in the recess of the magnetically permeable member.
[0698] 137. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 136, wherein the through-hole is configured to receive at least part of a shaft or a spigot.
[0699] 138. A coupling member according to clause 137, wherein a wall of the coupling body which at least partially defines the through-hole is configured to be mounted to the shaft.
[0700] 139. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 138, wherein a second end of the coupling body, which is opposite the first end, comprises at least one axially extending fastening hole, the at least one fastening hole being configured to receive a connector to connect the coupling member to an impeller.
[0701] 140. A coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 139, wherein the permanent magnet comprises a plurality of permanent magnets, and wherein the radially extending protrusion is arranged to axially retain at least one of the plurality of permanent magnets in the magnet retaining portion.
[0702] 141. A coupling member according to clause 140, wherein the plurality of permanent magnets are equally circumferentially disposed about the central axis.
[0703] 142. A coupling member according to clause 140 or 141, wherein a gap of between around 0 mm to around 1 mm is provided between adjacent permanent magnets.
[0704] 143. A magnetic coupling arrangement for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the magnetic coupling comprising:
[0705] a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 142,
[0706] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to an impeller of a pump assembly, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 142; and
[0707] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members, such that a rotation of the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member.
[0708] 144. A magnetic coupling arrangement according to clause 143, wherein a gap of between around 3.5 mm to around 4 mm is provided between the permanent magnet of the first coupling member and the permanent magnet of the second coupling member, and the magnetic connection torque is greater than around 3 Nm.
[0709] 145. A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:
[0710] a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:
[0711] a pump cover defining a wheel chamber; and
[0712] an impeller located within the wheel chamber;
[0713] a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:
[0714] a motor housing; and
[0715] a motor provided in the motor housing;
[0716] a magnetic coupling arrangement configured to provide a linkage between the motor and the impeller to allow the motor to drive the impeller about a longitudinal axis; wherein the magnetic coupling comprises: a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to any of clauses 125 to 142 or is a first coupling member of the coupling arrangement of either clause 143 or clause 144; and
[0717] a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to the impeller, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to any 5 of clauses 125 to 142 or a second coupling member of the coupling arrangement of either clause 143 or clause 144;
[0718] wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members such that a rotation of the drive shaft and the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member and the impeller.
[0719] 146. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 145, further comprising an adapter, the adapter being connected to and providing an interface between the motor assembly and the pump assembly.
[0720] 147. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to clause 145 or clause 146, wherein the first coupling member is mounted to a drive shaft of the motor.
[0721] 148. A hydrogen recirculation pump according to any of clauses 145 to 147, wherein the first coupling member and the second coupling member are axially separated and a motor housing end cover is disposed between the first coupling member and the second coupling member.
Claims
1.A bearing housing for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the bearing housing comprising: a body configured to receive one or more bearings, the one or more bearings being configured to support rotation of an impeller about a longitudinal axis; and a connecting flange configured to engage the impeller, the connecting flange extending around and radially outward of the body; and wherein the connecting flange is offset along the longitudinal axis, from an axial midpoint of the body.2.A bearing housing according to claim 1, wherein the connecting flange comprises at least two through-holes configured to receive a connector therethrough, and wherein the at least two through-holes are equi-angularly distributed about the longitudinal axis.3.A bearing housing according to claim 2, wherein the number of through-holes is an even number.4.A bearing housing according to any preceding claim, wherein the body comprises a generally cylindrical wall having a radially outer face which the connecting flange extends around, and a radially inner face; the bearing housing further comprising an annular inner flange, the annular inner flange extending radially inwards from the inner face.5.A bearing housing according to claim 4, wherein the annular inner flange is located at the axial midpoint of the body.6.A bearing housing according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the annular inner flange is axially spaced from the connecting flange.7.A bearing housing according to any of claims 4 to 6, wherein the body defines a first cavity for receiving a first bearing, and the first cavity is defined at least in part by the annular inner flange.8.A bearing housing according to claim 7 wherein the body further defines a second cavity for receiving a second bearing, the second cavity being defined at least in part by the annular inner flange, wherein the first and second cavity are axially spaced and the first and second cavity are separated by the annular inner flange.9.A bearing housing according to any preceding claim, wherein the body is rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis.10.A bearing housing according to any preceding claim, wherein the connecting flange comprises an annular wall.11.A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:a pump assembly comprising:a pump cover defining an inlet and an outlet; andan impeller located within a pump chamber defined at least in part by the pump cover; a motor assembly comprising:a motor housing; a motor located within the motor housing and configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;an adapter provided between the pump cover and the motor housing configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, the motor housing and pump cover; anda bearing housing according to any preceding claim disposed, at least in part, radially inwards of the adapter element, and wherein the connecting flange engages an impeller.12.An adapter for a hydrogen recirculation pump, wherein the adapter is configured to connect to, and provide an interface between, a motor housing and pump cover;the adapter defining a longitudinal axis and comprising: a wall encircling the longitudinal axis; the wall having a front face for engagement with the pump cover, and a rear face, opposite the front face, for engagement with the motor housing; wherein the wall comprises a drainage passage, configured to convey a liquid to an outlet passage of the pump cover.13.A pump cover for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the pump cover comprising:an inlet passage configured to receive intake fluid;an impeller chamber in fluid communication with the inlet passage, the impeller chamber configured to receive an impeller for rotation about a longitudinal axis; andan outlet passage in fluid communication with the impeller chamber;an end wall which defines at least part of the impeller chamber;a side wall extending axially from the end wall, the side wall defining at least part of the impeller chamber and the outlet passage;wherein the impeller chamber comprises a circumferentially extending concave side channel concentric to the longitudinal axis and defined at least in part by the end wall and the side wall, the side channel extending between the inlet passage and the outlet passage;wherein an axially extending baffle element is located in the side channel;the baffle element comprises a rib and the rib extends in a circumferential direction and in a radial direction from the side wall towards the longitudinal axis.14.A pump cover for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the pump cover comprising:an end wall;an annular side wall, extending from the end wall;an impeller chamber configured to receive an impeller for rotation within the impeller chamber about a longitudinal axis, the impeller chamber being at least partly defined by the end wall and the annular side wall;the impeller chamber comprising a support region disposed radially inboard of the side wall, and the support region having a center coincident with the longitudinal axis;an inlet opening provided in the end wall;an outlet opening;wherein the inlet opening and the outlet opening are circumferentially spaced apart, and separated by a tongue extending between the side wall and the support region; andwherein the end wall further comprises a concave side channel which places the inlet opening in fluid communication with the outlet opening, wherein the side channel extends circumferentially from the inlet opening to the outlet opening and is at least partly defined by the support region.15.An impeller for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the impeller comprising: an impeller body, the impeller body comprising:a generally disk-shaped rear cover defining a central axis, and the rear cover having a generally arcuate profile in a plane parallel to the central axis, the arcuate profile defining a concave face; anda generally disk-shaped central connection plate radially inboard of the rear cover;wherein a plurality of axially extending blades are disposed on the concave face of the rear cover and each of the plurality of blades extends in a radial and circumferential direction from the connection plate; andwherein a radially outermost portion of the rear cover comprises an outwardly facing and axially extending protrusion for forming a seal with a pump cover.16.A modular hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; andan impeller located within the impeller chamber;a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:a motor housing;wherein a motor is located within the motor housing and is configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;an adapter provided between the pump assembly and the motor assembly, the adapter being mounted to both the motor housing and the pump cover;wherein the pump cover is mounted to the adapter by a first connection arrangement which permits the pump cover to be detached from the adapter and reattached to the adapter, and the motor housing is mounted to the adapter by a second connection arrangement which permits the motor housing to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter.17.A kit of parts for a modular hydrogen recirculation pump, the kit of parts comprising:a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; andan impeller configured to be located within the impeller chamber;a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:a motor housing;wherein a motor is configured to be located within the motor housing and is configured to drive the impeller, via a linkage, to rotate about a longitudinal axis;an adapter, wherein the adapter is configured to be provided between the pump assembly and the motor assembly, and the adapter is configured to be mounted to the motor housing and the pump cover,wherein the pump cover is configured to be mounted to the adapter by a first connection arrangement which permits the pump cover to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter, and the motor housing is configured to be mounted to the adapter by a second connection arrangement which permits the motor housing to be detached from the adapter and re-attached to the adapter.18.A coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising:a coupling body, the coupling body including:a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body; anda magnet retaining portion; andwherein a permanent magnet is received in the magnet retaining portion.19.A magnetic coupling arrangement for a hydrogen recirculation pump, the magnetic coupling comprising: a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of a motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to claim 18,a second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to an impeller of a pump, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according claim 18; andwherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members.20.A hydrogen recirculation pump comprising:a pump assembly, the pump assembly comprising:a pump cover defining an impeller chamber; andan impeller located within the impeller chamber;a motor assembly, the motor assembly comprising:a motor housing; anda motor provided in the motor housing;a magnetic coupling configured to provide a linkage between the motor and the impeller to allow the motor to rotationally drive the impeller about a longitudinal axis;wherein the magnetic coupling comprises:a first coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to a drive shaft of the motor, wherein the first coupling member is a coupling member according to claim 18, or is a first coupling member of the coupling arrangement of claim 19; anda second coupling member configured to be fixedly connected to the impeller, wherein the second coupling member is a coupling member according to claim 18, or is a second coupling member of the coupling arrangement of claim 19;wherein the respective permanent magnets of the first and second coupling members are arranged to exert a magnetic force on one another which substantially prevents relative rotation between the first and second coupling members such that a rotation of the drive shaft and the first coupling member is transmitted to the second coupling member and the impeller.21.A coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising:a coupling body, the coupling body including:a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body; anda magnet retaining portion; andwherein a permanent magnet is received in the magnet retaining portion and the permanent magnet is secured in the magnet retaining portion by a first connector extending through the permanent magnet and an end of the first connector is received in a hole of the coupling body.22.A coupling member for a magnetic coupling arrangement of a hydrogen recirculation pump, the coupling member comprising:a generally cylindrical coupling body having a central axis, the coupling body including:a connecting portion configured to connect the coupling body to a rotatable body, wherein a through-hole coincident with the central axis extends through the coupling body and defines at least part of the connecting portion; anda magnet retaining portion, wherein a first end of the coupling body comprises an axially extending annular recess which defines the magnet retaining portion, and a permanent magnet having an annular profile in a plane perpendicular to the central axis is received in the magnet retaining portion;wherein the magnet retaining portion comprises a radially extending protrusion, and the protrusion is arranged to axially retain the magnet within the magnet retaining portion.
Citation Information
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