Method and device for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

Provided are a method by which a device performs wireless communication, and a device supporting same. The method may comprise the steps in which: a first device acquires a plurality of common timing advance configurations; the first device receives, from a second device, information related to a common timing advance configuration to be applied from among the plurality of common timing advance configurations; and the first device performs uplink transmission to the second device on the basis of the information related to the common timing advance configuration to be applied.

Description

Method and apparatus for performing communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a first device acquiring a plurality of common timing advance settings; a first device receiving information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings from a second device; and a first device performing an uplink transmission to the second device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; receive from a second device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform an uplink transmission to the second device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; receive from a second device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform an uplink transmission to the second device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; receive from a second device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform an uplink transmission to the second device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a step in which a second device obtains a plurality of common timing advance settings; a step in which the second device transmits to a first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and a step in which the second device performs uplink reception from the first device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; transmit to the first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform uplink reception from the first device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; transmit to the first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform uplink reception from the first device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; transmit to the first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform uplink reception from the first device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 8 shows a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9 shows a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12 shows an example of NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 shows examples of K_offset and K_mac according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 shows an example of a UE-specific TA and a common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 15 shows an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 16 shows an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 17 shows an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 18 shows examples of an NTN access network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 21 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 22 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 23 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 24 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 25 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 26 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 27 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0041] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0042] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0043] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0044] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0045] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0046] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0047] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0048] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0049] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0050] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0051] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0052] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0054] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0055] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0056] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0057] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0058] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0059] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0060] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0061] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0062] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0063] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0064] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0065] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0066] For example, if an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not, it may be in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, in the case of NR, an additional RRC_INACTIVE state is defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state maintains a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0067] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0068] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0070] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0071] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) exemplifies.

[0072] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slotNormal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0073] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0074] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0075] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0076] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0077] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0078] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0079] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0080] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0081] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0082] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0083] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0084] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0085] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0086] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0087] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0088] - Optical wireless technology

[0089] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0090] - Quantum communication

[0091] - Cell-free communication

[0092] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0093] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0094] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0095] - Big data analysis

[0096] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0097] - Metaverse

[0098] - blockchain

[0099] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0100] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0101] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0102] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0103] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0104] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0105] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0106] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0107] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a transparent payload, and FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a regenerative payload. For example, a non-terrestrial network may generally include the following elements.

[0108] - One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks to public data networks

[0109] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0110] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0111] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerated (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a given service area, typically defined by a line of sight. For example, the beam footprint may typically be elliptical. For example, the line of sight of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. For example, for a transparent payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may be performed. Thus, the repeating waveform signal in the payload may not be altered. For example, for a regenerated payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation may be performed. This can effectively be equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all base station functions.

[0112] - Optionally, Inter-satellite Link (ISL)

[0113] - User equipment can be serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0114] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0115] Referring to FIG. 10, for example, in step S910, the base station can schedule downlink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, a transport layer, a downlink precoder, an MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine a beam for the terminal's PDSCH transmission through the operations described above.

[0116] For example, in step S920, the terminal can receive downlink control information (DCI: Downlink Control Information) for downlink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of the PDSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0117] For example, DCI format 1_0 or 1_1 may be used for downlink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 1_1 may include the following information: Identifier for DCI formats, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, PRB bundling size indicator, Rate matching indicator, ZP CSI-RS trigger, Antenna port(s), Transmission configuration indication (TCI), SRS request, DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) sequence initialization

[0118] For example, the number of DMRS ports can be scheduled according to each state indicated in the antenna port(s) field, and SU (Single-user) / MU (Multi-user) transmission scheduling can also be performed.

[0119] For example, the TCI field consists of 3 bits, and the QCL for the DMRS can be dynamically indicated by indicating up to 8 TCI states depending on the TCI field value.

[0120] For example, in step S930, the terminal can receive downlink data from the base station on the PDSCH.

[0121] For example, if the terminal detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 1_0 or 1_1, it can decode the PDCCH according to instructions from the corresponding DCI.

[0122] For example, when a terminal receives a PDSCH scheduled by DCI format 1, the terminal may have a DMRS configuration type set by the upper layer parameter 'dmrs-Type', and the DMRS type may be used to receive the PDSCH. For example, the terminal may have a maximum number of front-loaded DMRA symbols for the PDSCH set by the upper layer parameter 'maxLength'.

[0123] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 1, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and an antenna port mapped to an index of {2, 9, 10, 11 or 30} is assigned, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0124] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 2, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and an antenna port mapped to an index of {2, 10, or 23} is assigned, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0125] For example, when a terminal receives PDSCH, the precoding granularity P' can be assumed to be a consecutive block of resources in the frequency domain. For example, P' can correspond to one of the values ​​{2, 4, broadband}.

[0126] For example, if P' is determined to be broadband, the terminal does not expect to be scheduled with non-contiguous PRBs, and the terminal can assume that the same precoding is applied to the allocated resources.

[0127] For example, if P' is determined to be either {2 or 4}, the Precoding Resource Block Group (PRG) can be divided into P' consecutive PRBs. For example, the actual number of consecutive PRBs within each PRG can be one or more. For example, the UE may assume that the same precoding is applied to consecutive downlink PRBs within the PRG.

[0128] For example, to determine the modulation order, target code rate, and transport block size within the PDSCH, the terminal can first read the 5-bit MCD field within the DCI and determine the modulation order and target code rate. Then, it can read the redundancy version field within the DCI and determine the redundancy version. Then, the terminal can determine the transport block size using the number of layers and the total number of allocated PRBs before rate matching.

[0129] FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0130] Referring to FIG. 11, for example, in step S1010, the base station can schedule uplink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, transport layer, uplink precoder, MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine a beam for the terminal's PUSCH transmission through the operations described above.

[0131] For example, in step S1020, the terminal may receive a DCI on the PDCCH for uplink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of the PUSCH) from the base station.

[0132] For example, DCI format 0_0 or 0_1 may be used for uplink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 0_1 ​​may include the following information: DCI format identifier, UL / SUL (Supplementary uplink) indicator, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, Frequency hopping flag, Modulation and coding scheme (MCS), SRS resource indicator (SRI), Precoding information and number of layers, Antenna port(s), SRS request, DMRS sequence initialization, UL-SCH (Uplink Shared Channel) indicator

[0133] For example, the SRS resource indicator field may indicate SRS resources configured within the SRS resource set associated with the upper-level parameter 'usage'. For instance, 'spatialRelationInfo' can be set for each SRS resource, and its value can be one of {CRI, SSB, SRI}.

[0134] For example, in step S1030, the terminal can transmit uplink data to the base station over PUSCH.

[0135] For example, if the terminal detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, it can transmit the corresponding PUSCH according to the instructions given by the DCI.

[0136] For example, two transmission methods (e.g., codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission and non-codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission) may be supported:

[0137] i) For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'codebook', the terminal can be configured for codebook-based transmission. For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'nonCodebook', the terminal can be configured for non-codebook-based transmission. For example, if the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is not set, the terminal may not expect to be scheduled by DCI format 0_1. For example, if PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_0, the PUSCH transmission may be based on a single antenna port.

[0138] For example, in the case of codebook-based transmission, PUSCH can be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, if this PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_1, the terminal can determine the PUSCH transmission precoder based on SRI, TPMI (transmit precoding matrix indicator), and transmission rank from the DCI, as given by the SRS resource indicator field and the precoding information and number of layers fields. For example, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across the antenna port and may correspond to the SRS resource selected by SRI when multiple SRS resources are set. For example, when a single SRS resource is set, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across the antenna port and may correspond to that single SRS resource. For example, a transmission precoder may be selected from an uplink codebook having the same number of antenna ports as the upper layer parameter 'nrofSRS-Ports'. For example, when the upper layer set to 'codebook' is set to the parameter 'txConfig', the terminal may have at least one SRS resource configured. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS resource may precede the PDCCH (e.g., slot n) carrying the SRI.

[0139] ii) For example, in the case of non-codebook-based transmission, PUSCH may be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, when multiple SRS resources are configured, the terminal may determine the PUSCH precoder and transmission rank based on a broadband SRI, where the SRI may be given by an SRS resource indicator within the DCI or by the upper layer parameter 'srs-ResourceIndicator'. For example, the terminal utilizes one or multiple SRS resources for SRS transmission, where the number of SRS resources may be configured for simultaneous transmission within the same RB based on UE capabilities. For example, only one SRS port may be configured per SRS resource. For example, only one SRS resource may be configured with the upper layer parameter 'usage' set to 'nonCodebook'. For example, the maximum number of SRS resources that can be set for non-codebook-based uplink transmissions may be 4. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS transmission may precede the PDCCH (e.g., slot n) carrying the SRI.

[0140] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0141] Referring to Fig. 12, examples according to NTN platform types can be shown. For example, examples according to NTN platform types may be HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station), LEO (Low Earth orbit), MEO (Medium Earth orbit), or GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit).

[0142] For example, parameters related to the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be 20 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be 5-200 km.

[0143] For example, parameters related to LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 300–1500 km. For example, the beam footprint size of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 100–1000 km. For example, the satellite velocity of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 7.56 km / sec (for LEO-600). For example, the maximum propagation delay of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 25.77 msec (for LEO-600).

[0144] For example, parameters related to MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 7,000–25,000 km. For example, the beam footprint size of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 100–1,500 km. For example, the maximum propagation delay of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 95.19 msec (for MEO-10000).

[0145] For example, parameters related to the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 35,786 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 200-3,500 km. For example, the satellite velocity of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 3.1 km / sec (negligible). For example, the maximum propagation delay of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 541.46 msec.

[0146] For example, to effectively operate an NTN with a very long RTT, scheduling offsets K_offset and K_mac may be introduced.

[0147] FIG. 13 illustrates examples of K_offset and K_mac according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 13, examples of K_offset and K_mac may be shown. For example, the service link RTT may be the RTT between the terminal and the satellite. For example, the feeder link RTT may be the RTT between the satellite and the base station. For example, the common TA may be the TA between the satellite and the RP. For example, K_offset may be an offset value representing the RTT of the uplink time synchronization reference point (RP). For example, K_offset may represent the sum of the service link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). For example, K_mac may be an offset value representing the RTT between the RP and the gNB. For example, the feeder link RTT can mean the sum of the common TA (if indicated) and K_mac.

[0149] FIG. 14 illustrates examples of UE-specific TA and common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 14, a terminal-specific TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays on the service link, and a common TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays between the RP (reference point) and the satellite.

[0151] For example, in an NTN-based communication system, the terminal can calculate the TA based on the terminal's GNSS (global navigation satellite system) capabilities (e.g., terminal location) and orbit-related upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station, and this is the terminal-specific TA (N UE TA,adj It can be referred to as ). For example, if orbit-related upper-layer parameters are not received from the base station, the terminal-specific TA may be set to 0. For example, a TA obtained based on common TA parameters (e.g., TACommon, TACommonDrift, and / or TACommonDriftVariation), which are upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station, is called the common TA(N common TA,adj It can be referred to as ). For example, if common TA parameters are not transmitted from the base station, the common TA can be set to 0. Accordingly, for example, in an NTN-based communication system, the total TA value (T TA ) is "(N TA + N TA,offset + N common TA,adj + N UE TA,adj )*T c It can be obtained as. For example, N TA,offset can refer to the TA offset value provided to the terminal per serving cell, and N TA can mean a value obtained based on the timing advance command.

[0152] Referring to FIG. 14, for example, in Rel-17 NTN, the terminal can calculate the TA itself based on the terminal's GNSS capability and base station guidance information (e.g., ephemeris information), which can be designated as a terminal-specific (UE-specific) TA. For example, a TA calculated based on common TA parameters indicated by the base station can be designated as a common TA, and the final TA based thereon can be based on FIG. 15 and the description related to FIG. 15.

[0153] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0154] Referring to FIG. 15, the uplink frame number i for the transmission from the UE is before the start of the corresponding downlink frame from the UE You can start here

[0155] - and ...can be given in Section 4.2 of TS 38.213, and This may be excluded for msgA transmissions on PUSCH that are to be used;

[0156] - It can be derived from the upper-level parameters TACommon, TACommonDrift, and TACommonDriftVariation if indicated, and otherwise It could be;

[0157] - is calculated by the UE based on UE position and serving-satellite-orbit-related upper-layer parameters if indicated, and otherwise It could be.

[0158] For example, there may be TA misalignment.

[0159] For example, in NR NTN, TA mismatches may occur if the gNB does not receive TA reports, if existing TA reports are outdated, or if the granularity of the TA reports is insufficient. For example, if the UE does not perform TA reporting at all, the gNB cannot set several key scheduling variables (e.g., K_(cell,offset), K_(UE,offset)), so the above scenario (e.g., no TA reporting) may not be considered a feasible scenario. Therefore, assuming the UE performs TA reporting, the magnitude of TA mismatches caused by TA report obsolescence and / or TA report granularity may need to be addressed. For example, when the UE performs TA reporting in NR NTN, TA mismatches may occur primarily due to outdated TA reports and / or coarse TA report granularity. For example, to support HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE, the issue of quantitative level TA misalignment between gNB and UE may need to be addressed.

[0160] Meanwhile, differences resulting from outdated TA reporting may occur when the UE location changes, and may occur proportionally to RTT differences depending on the UE location within the cell (e.g., the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA).

[0161] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0162] Referring to Fig. 16, for example, assuming an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) can be within about 300 µs, which corresponds to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols using a 15 kHz SCS.

[0163] For example, assuming an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) is within approximately 300 µs, which corresponds to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols with a 15 kHz SCS. For example, considering that the TA reported granularity of NTN is 1 ms (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols using a 15 kHz SCS), in the LEO example, the main cause of the TA discrepancy may be the TA reported granularity rather than the old TA reported. For example, for an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA may be smaller than the TA reported granularity (e.g., 1 ms). For example, in the case of HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE support, issues regarding the enhanced TA reporting mechanism, particularly TA reporting granularity, may need to be addressed.

[0164] For example, there may be a DL / UL collision under TA misalignment.

[0165] When comparing the timing advances of NTN and TN due to satellite movement, the timing advance of the service link between the satellite and the UE can be estimated by the UE itself. For example, the gNB can obtain the TA value through TA reporting, but due to the current 1ms granularity reported by the TA, the gNB cannot obtain the exact TA used by the UE, and the UE side cannot know when or which transmission will collide. For example, since the rule for when a DL reception collides with a UL transmission is intended to avoid collisions through gNB scheduling, the NTN gNB may experience difficulties in determining whether the UE is in an uplink slot or a downlink slot.

[0166] For example, the terminal may receive satellite orbit information through system information and / or RRC signaling. For example, satellite orbit information may be implemented / supported in a position and velocity state vector orbit format and / or an orbital parameter orbit format. For example, the position and velocity state vector orbit format may be composed of less than 17 bytes (e.g., 132 bits). For example, the field size for position (x, y, z)(m) may be 78 bits, and the field size for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) may be 54 bits. For example, the orbital parameter orbit format may be composed of less than 21 bytes (e.g., 164 bits).

[0167] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0168] Referring to FIG. 17, information related to the orbital parameter orbit format (e.g., ephemeral information) includes the semi-major axis "α" (e.g., 33 bits) [m], the eccentricity "e" (in an elliptical satellite orbit, 0 <e<1) (예를 들어, 20 비트), 근점 편각(argument of periapsis) "ω"(예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad], 승교점 경도(longitude of ascending node) "Ω" (예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad], (궤도) 경사(inclination) "i" (예를 들어, 27 비트) [rad], 및 / 또는 평균 근점 이각(mean anomaly) "M0" = 에포크 t0 [JD]에서 M(t0) (예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad] 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함할 수 있다.

[0169] Referring to standard documents, some procedures and technical specifications related to the present disclosure may be as follows.

[0170] 4.2 Adjusting Transmission Timing

[0171] The UE has the value of the timing advance offset by n-TimingAdvanceOffset for the serving cell ...can be provided. For a serving cell, if the UE is provided with coresetPoolIndex values ​​0 and 1 for the first and second CORESETs, respectively, or if it is not provided with a coresetPoolIndex value for the first CORESETs but is provided with a coresetPoolIndex value 1 for the second CORESETs, the UE, for the first and second CORESETs, respectively, for the first and second CORESETs, the first and second by n-TimingAdvanceOffset and n-TimingAdvanceOffset2, for the transfers related to the first and second spatial filters related to the first and second TCI states The UE can receive values. The UE, for the first transmissions related to the first spatial domain filters associated with the first TCI states or the first SS / PBCH block receptions associated with the physCellId for the serving cell In addition to the value, the second for transmissions related to second spatial domain filters associated with second TCI states or physCellId for serving cells and second SS / PBCH block receptions associated with a different physCellId Values ​​can be provided. First and second The values ​​correspond to the first and second TAGs indicated in each MAC RAR [TS 38.321], where tag-Id-ptr indicates the association with the first and second joint TCI states provided by dl-OrJointTCI-StateList or the first and second UL TCI states provided by ul-TCI-State-List. If the UE is not provided with n-TimingAdvanceOffset for the serving cell, the UE uses the default value of the timing advance offset for the serving cell as described in [TS 38.133]. Determines.

[0172] If the UE is configured with two UL carriers for a serving cell, transmissions in the serving cell associated with the same TAG have the same timing advance offset value This applies to both of these carriers. For transmissions on the SUL carrier, the UE has two It is not expected that the values ​​will be applied.

[0173] Upon receiving a timing advance command for a TAG, the UE, for PUSCH / SRS / PUCCH transmissions in all serving cells belonging to the TAG, the value that the UE expects to be the same for all serving cells belonging to the TAG. and adjust the UL timing based on the received timing advance command. Here, the UL timing for PUSCH / SRS / PUCCH transmission is the same for all serving cells belonging to the TAG.

[0174] For a band combination with a synchronous contiguous EN-DC that is not subject to maximum transmit timing difference requirements as described in Note 1 of Table 7.5.3-1 of [TS 38.133], where the UE sets ul-TimingAlignmentEUTRA-NR to 'required' and the UL transmit timing based on the timing adjustment instructions for the TAG from the MCG and the TAG from the SCG is determined differently by the UE, the UE adjusts the transmit timing for PUSCH / SRS / PUCCH transmission in all serving cells that are part of the synchronous contiguous EN-DC based on the timing adjustment instructions for the TAG from the serving cell in the MCG of that band. A UE is not expected to transmit a PUSCH / SRS / PUCCH if the PUSCH / SRS / PUCCH in one CG overlaps, even partially, in time with a random access preamble transmitted in another CG.

[0175] SCS In the case of kHz, the timing advance command for the TAG is It indicates a change in the current UL timing for TAG as a multiple of . The start timing of the random access preamble is described in [TS 38.211].

[0176] Timing advance command that is a random access response, an absolute timing advance command MAC CE, or a cell switch command [TS 38.321], , silver, = by index values ​​of 0, 1, 2, ..., 3846 SCS indicates values The amount of time alignment for a TAG of kHz is is defined in [TS 38.211] and is relative to the SCS of the first UL transmission from the UE after receiving a random access response or absolute timing advance command MAC CE or cell switch command.

[0177] In other cases, the timing advance command for TAG [TS 38.321], , silver, = Current value by the index values ​​of 0, 1, 2, ..., 63 , , as a new value It instructs the adjustment of the law, and here When SCS is in kHz am.

[0178] If a UE has multiple active UL BWPs within the same TAG (including UL BWPs of two UL carriers in a serving cell) (described in Section 12), the timing advance command value is relative to the largest SCS among those multiple active UL BWPs. Applicable to the UL BWP having the lower SCS. The value can be rounded to align with the timing advance granularity for a UL BWP with a lower SCS while satisfying the timing advance accuracy requirements of [TS 38.133].

[0179] by positive or negative Adjustment of the value indicates advancing or delaying the UL transmission timing for the TAG by the corresponding amount.

[0180] Where a timing advance command is received in a UL slot, for a transmission other than a PUSCH scheduled by a RAR UL grant or a fallbackRAR UL grant described in Section 8.2A or 8.3, or a PUCCH containing HARQ-ACK information in response to a successRAR described in Section 8.2A, the corresponding adjustment of UL transmission timing is in the UL slot It applies from the beginning, here , This corresponds to the PDSCH processing time for UE throughput 1 when additional PDSCH DM-RS is configured. It is the time length (milliseconds) of the symbols, and This corresponds to the PUSCH preparation time for UE processing capability 1 in [TS 38.214]. It is the time length (milliseconds) of the symbols, and is the maximum timing advance value (milliseconds) that can be provided by the 12-bit TA instruction field, and is the number of slots per subframe, and is a subframe length of 1 millisecond, and and, here is provided by cellSpecificKoffset and is provided by the Differential Koffset MAC CE instruction [TS 38.321]. If not provided, or am. and It is determined for the minimum SCS among the SCSs of all UL BWPs configured for all UL carriers in the TAG and the SCSs of all DL BWPs configured for the corresponding DL carriers. Regarding UE, Assume [TS 38.214]. Slot and It is determined for the minimum SCS among the SCSs of all UL BWPs configured for all UL carriers in the TAG. It is determined for the minimum SCS of all configured UL BWPs for all UL carriers within the TAG and for all configured initial UL BWPs provided by the initialUplinkBWP. UL Slot silver, Assuming the last slot among the UL slot(s) that overlap with the PDSCH receive slot(s), where the PDSCH provides a timing advance command is defined in [TS 38.211].

[0181] If the UE changes the active UL BWP between the time it receives the timing advance command and the time it applies the corresponding adjustment to the UL transmission timing, the UE determines the timing advance command value based on the SCS of the new active UL BWP. If the UE changes the active UL BWP after applying the adjustment to the UL transmission timing, the UE assumes the same absolute timing advance command value before and after the change to the active UL BWP.

[0182] If the received DL timing changes and is not compensated for or is only partially compensated by UL timing adjustment without a timing advance command as described in [TS 38.133], the UE Modify accordingly. If the UE operates with two TAGs on the active UL BWP of the serving cell, the UE expects that the difference between the first DL timing associated with the first TAG and the second DL timing associated with the second TAG will not be greater than the CP length for the active UL BWP, unless the UE indicates larger-thanCP-capability. If the UE indicates XYZ_capability and transmits an SRS based on the configuration by the SRS-PosResourceSet within SRS-PosRRC-InactiveConfig-ValidityArea in the RRC_INACTIVE state,

[0183] - If the UE is provided with SRS-autonomousTAupdate, the UE, in cell reselection as described in [TS 38.133] It can be updated autonomously.

[0184] - If the UE does not receive SRS-autonomousTAupdate, the UE [TS 38.321] of the last serving cell prior to the dedicated RRC connection being released Maintains.

[0185] When operating as a single TAG in a serving cell, attributable to a TA command, or applicable cases or If two adjacent slots overlap due to an update of , the length of the latter slot is reduced relative to the former slot. The UE does not change during the time domain window for the actual PUSCH or PUCCH transmission [TS 38.214]. If the UE is not provided with enableSTx2PofMDCI and operates with two TAGs in the serving cell, the UE does not expect transmissions associated with different TAGs to overlap unless the UE indicates XYZ; if the UE indicates XYZ, the UE reduces the length of the latter transmission using the first TAG to avoid overlap with the previous transmission using the second TAG.

[0186] If higher-level ephemeris parameters are provided for the serving satellite, the UE uses the serving satellite's position and its own position to determine the UE Based on, the round-trip transmission delay on the service link is pre-compensated. To pre-compensate for the round-trip transmission delay between the UL time synchronization reference point and the serving satellite, the UE uses the one-way propagation delay determined by the UE Based on [TS 38.211] It determines , which is equal to the following mathematical formula 1:

[0187]

[0188] Here , , and is provided by ta-Common, ta-CommonDrift, and ta-CommonDriftVariant, respectively, and is provided by the reference time (epochTime) [TS 38.331] of ta-Common, ta-CommonDrift, and ta-CommonDriftVariant. is time It provides the value obtained by dividing the distance between the serving satellite and the UL time synchronization reference point by the speed of light. The UL time synchronization reference point is where DL and UL are It is the point where the frame is aligned with the offset given by.

[0189] - is, serving cell The carrier Reference signal (RS) index for the active DL BWP It is an estimate of the DL path loss in dB units calculated by the UE using .

[0190] - If the UE is not provided with PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS and enableDefaultBeamPL-ForSRS, or if the UE is not provided with dedicated upper-tier parameters, the UE uses the following Calculate.

[0191] RS resources from an SS / PBCH block having the same SS / PBCH block index as used by the UE to acquire the MIB, or use the SS / PBCH block acquired by the UE for time-frequency synchronization for the auxiliary cell.

[0192] If the UE is provided with ntn-RACH-LessHO in ReconfigurationWithSync [TS 38.331], use RS resources from an SS / PBCH block having the same SS / PBCH block index as the SS / PBCH block having the same quasi-co-location characteristics as the PDCCH receivers for scheduling the initial PUSCH transmission as described in controlResourceSetZero (provided in ServingCellConfig of ReconfigurationWithSync).

[0193] When a UE is configured by PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS with a number of RS resource indices up to a maximum value of maxNrofPUSCH-PathlossReferenceRSs and a respective RS configuration set for that number, the set of RS resource indices may include one or both of the set of SS / PBCH block indices provided by ssb-Index when the value of pusch-PathlossReferenceRS-Id maps to an SS / PBCH block index, and the set of CSI-RS resource indices provided by csi-RS-Index when the value of pusch-PathlossReferenceRS-Id maps to a CSI-RS resource index. The UE identifies whether an RS resource index within the set of RS resource indices corresponds to an SS / PBCH block index or a CSI-RS resource index according to the mapping provided by pusch-PathlossReferenceRS-Id in PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS.

[0194] If the PUSCH transfer is scheduled by the RAR UL grant described in Section 8.3, or for the PUSCH transfer for the Type-2 random access procedure described in Section 8.1A, the UE uses the same RS resource index used for the corresponding PUSCH transfer.

[0195] If the UE is provided with SRI-PUSCH-PowerControl and more than one PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id value, the UE may, between the sri-PUSCH-PowerControlId in SRI-PUSCH-PowerControl and the set of values ​​of the SRI field in the DCI format scheduling the PUSCH transfer (or, if the UE is provided with two SRS resource sets provided with 'codebook' in srs-ResourceSetToAddModList or srs-ResourceSetToAddModListDCI-0-2, the first and second SRI fields), or if the UE is provided with two SRS resource sets provided with 'nonCodebook' in srs-ResourceSetToAddModListDCI-0-2, the values ​​of the first SRI field and the value(s) associated with the second SRI field value corresponding to the value indicated by the first SRI field value for the same number of layers ([TS Obtain a mapping between the values ​​(see Table 7.3.1.1.2-28 / 29 / 30 / 31 of [TS 38.212]), and from this mapping, the RS resource index corresponding to the value of PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id, or, if the UE is provided with two sets of SRS resources using 'codebook', the respective first and second RS resource indices from the PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id values ​​mapped to each first and second SRI field value, or, if the UE is provided with two sets of SRS resources using 'nonCodebook', the PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id values ​​mapped to the first SRI field value under the same number of layers condition and the value(s) associated with the second SRI field value (see Table 7.3.1.1 of [TS 38.212]).Determine the first and second RS resource indices from the PUSCH-PathlossReferenceRS-Id values ​​mapped to (see 2-28 / 29 / 30 / 31).

[0196] Here, the RS resource is on the serving cell, or on the serving cell indicated by the value of pathlossReferenceLinking if provided.

[0197] Meanwhile, the next-generation system may be configured to be integrated between the terrestrial network (TN) and the non-terrestrial network (NTN), and in the above situation, the distinction between TN and NTN may not be explicit. Meanwhile, if the terminal is distinguished as either TN or NTN, or classified into a corresponding category, an optimized operation suitable for each can be performed.

[0198] Combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative payload or transparent payload).

[0199] Combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently to the type of non-geostational network node (e.g., GEO (geostationary earth orbit), NGEO (non-geostationary earth orbit), LEO (low earth orbit), MEO (medium earth orbit), HASP (high altitude satellite platform), drone) or altitude or fixed beam footprint or cell-moving beam footprint.

[0200] Meanwhile, in the case of the NTN communication method, the signal transmitted by the terminal to the base station upon initial connection (e.g., PRACH) may be after applying a timing advance or adjustment (TA) based on the location and location change information of the NTN node and / or the location of the terminal, such as ephemeris information. In extreme cases, if the TA is compensated in advance based on ephemeris information, the requirements for RTT detection / estimation may be relaxed during the design of the initial connection signal, and / or the process may proceed in a direction that minimizes resource and / or preamble collisions between different terminals and / or simplifies the initial connection process.

[0201] Meanwhile, in the case of NTN communication methods, the coverage is relatively larger compared to TN, so the (maximum) number of terminals that can exist within a cell or beam footprint may be larger. In the above situation, signal and resource conflicts for initial connection between different terminals may occur frequently.

[0202] FIG. 18 illustrates examples of NTN access networks according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 18(a) illustrates an example of a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 18(b) illustrates an example of a regenerated payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. An embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0203] Referring to FIG. 18(a), for example, the satellite / HAPS can perform only the role of a simple repeater, receive uplink signals from the UE and transmit them to the Gateway, and relay downlink signals generated at the Gateway back to the UE. Here, for example, communication between the UE and the satellite can use NR radio frequency f1, and communication between the satellite and the Gateway can use NR radio frequency f2. For example, the actual 5G radio access network (e.g., 5G RAN) function is deployed at the Gateway terminal located on the ground or at a ground base station (e.g., gNB), and can be coupled with the 5G core network (e.g., 5G CN). Therefore, for example, the satellite can operate as a simple transponder structure that transparently transmits signals at the physical layer level without performing separate signal processing functions. For example, the transparent payload of FIG. 18(a) may be related to the transparent payload of FIG. 8.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 18(b), for example, the satellite / HAPS itself may be equipped with 5G RAN functions and may possess payload processing capabilities that include base station functions, rather than being a simple repeater. For example, communication between the UE and the satellite may use NR radio frequency f1, and communication between the satellite and the gateway may use NR radio frequency f2. Here, for example, the gateway is connected to a 5G core network (e.g., 5G CN), and since the satellite can directly provide RAN functions to the UE, it can replace or supplement a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, since the satellite has a structure that receives, demodulates, processes, and regenerates the NR signal before transmitting it, rather than simply relaying it, more intelligent wireless resource control and quality of service management are possible. For example, the regenerated payload in FIG. 18(b) may be related to the regenerated payload in FIG. 9.

[0205] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0206] Referring to FIG. 19, for example, a UE can communicate with a satellite via a wireless interface (e.g., Uu), and the satellite can transmit a signal to a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, the gNB can perform the role of a 5G wireless access network (e.g., RAN) and can be connected to a 5G / 6G core (e.g., 5GC / 6GC) via an NG interface (e.g., NGc, NGu). For example, the 5GC / 6GC can be connected to an external data network via an N6 interface. Thus, for example, in this structure, the satellite can extend the wireless segment to mediate the connection between the UE and the ground base station, and the subsequent procedure can operate in the same way as the existing 5G structure. For example, the NTN architecture of FIG. 19 may be related to the transparent payload of FIG. 18 (a).

[0207] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 20, for example, a UE can communicate with a satellite via a wireless interface (e.g., Uu), and the satellite can transmit a signal to a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, the gNB can perform the role of a 5G wireless access network (e.g., RAN) and can be connected to a 5G / 6G core (e.g., 5GC / 6GC) via an NG interface (e.g., NGc, NGu). For example, the 5GC / 6GC can be connected to an external data network via an N6 interface. Thus, for example, in this structure, the satellite can extend the wireless segment to mediate the connection between the UE and the ground base station, and the subsequent procedure can operate in the same way as the existing 5G structure. For example, the NTN architecture of FIG. 20 may be related to the replay payload of FIG. 18 (b).

[0209] Meanwhile, when supporting cell switching with re-synch, the regenerative payload method may require information exchange between satellites via an inter-satellite link (ISL), and the amount of information exchanged via the ISL may be excessive, especially when a packet is being transmitted. Alternatively, during a specific time interval before and after cell switching with re-synch, the terminal may switch to a transparent payload method for DL ​​reception and / or UL transmission. For example, the terminal may receive from a base station node and / or NTN node and / or ground GW information regarding the time interval during which the regenerative payload is converted to a transparent payload and / or the time interval during which the transparent payload is converted to a regenerative payload and / or the time interval during which the transparent payload is operated and / or the time interval during which the regenerative payload is operated.

[0210] On the other hand, NTN nodes can operate for several years after deployment and may be difficult to replace. In the above situation, when increasing or additional techniques such as releases are introduced, the regenerative payload method may not be able to support the new technique, whereas the transparent payload method can support the new technique without deploying new NTN nodes, as it involves reflecting and / or amplifying radio signals from ground GWs or base station nodes at the NTN node.

[0211] Meanwhile, in the next-generation system, multiple NTN nodes may provide services (for a single cell), and the geographical locations between the NTN nodes may differ significantly (e.g., a multi-NTN scenario).

[0212] Meanwhile, depending on the serving NTN node and / or the payload type, the common TA (timing adjustment regarding the distance between the NTN node and the UL synchronization reference point, ground GW, or base station node) and / or path loss or estimates thereof may differ. In particular, in a multi-NTN environment, multiple NTN nodes may simultaneously provide service to a single cell, and since each NTN node may have different altitudes, orbits, and geographical locations, the propagation delay characteristics between each NTN node and the terminal may also differ. Therefore, the terminal needs to consider multiple common TA configuration information, and the base station (or control node) can dynamically instruct which NTN node's common TA to apply in such situations. Through this, the terminal can maintain appropriate UL synchronization even when the serving NTN node changes or multiple NTN nodes operate cooperatively. For example, the common TA may be related to the common TA of FIG. 13. For example, the common TA may be related to the common TA of FIG. 14. For example, the common TA may be related to the common TA of FIG. 15.

[0213] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a transparent payload may include a terminal receiving a DL signal / channel from a ground GW or base station node via reflection and / or amplification from an NTN node, and / or the terminal transmitting a UL signal / channel to a ground GW or base station node via reflection and / or amplification from an NTN node. In embodiments of the present disclosure, a transparent payload may mean that the base station node and the NTN node are different.

[0214] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the regenerative payload may include the terminal receiving a DL signal / channel generated and / or transmitted from an NTN node, and / or the terminal transmitting a UL signal / channel to an NTN node and the NTN node detecting and / or decoding the UL signal / channel. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the regenerative payload may mean that the base station node and the NTN node are the same. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the regenerative payload, the RU (radio unit) and / or DU (distributed unit) may exist at the NTN node, and / or the CU (centralized unit) and / or DU (distributed unit) may exist at a ground GW or a ground base station node.

[0215] For example, the terminal may have multiple sets of RS resources for estimating DL path loss, and / or different sets of RS resources may be associated with / correspond to a regenerative payload and / or a transparent payload, respectively. For example, the terminal may have multiple sets of RS resources for estimating DL path loss, and / or different sets of RS resources may be associated with / correspond to different (serving) NTN nodes.

[0216] For example, the fact that the above set of RS resources is associated with / corresponds to a regenerative payload may mean that the RS is generated and / or transmitted from an NTN node.

[0217] For example, the fact that the above set of RS resources is associated with / corresponds to a transparent payload may mean that the RS is transmitted from a ground GW and / or a (ground) base station node and / or is transmitted from an NTN node in the form of reflection and / or amplification and / or relaying.

[0218] For example, when power controlling for a UL channel / signal, information regarding the RS determining the path loss compensation term may be set to DCI and / or PDCCH and / or PDSCH and / or MAC CE and / or RRC, which directs the base station node and / or NTN node to schedule the UL channel / signal (e.g., PUSCH and / or PUCCH and / or PRACH and / or SRS).

[0219] For example, the DCI may include at least one of a UL grant that enables PUSCH scheduling and / or a PDCCH order that can trigger PRACH, and / or a PDSCH (or RAR or MsgB) that schedules HARQ-ACK feedback for Msg3 or MsgB, and / or a DL assignment that schedules HARQ-ACK feedback or UCI.

[0220] For example, the above RRC can be configured independently between the configured grant resources and the dynamic scheduling resources, and / or can be configured independently according to the set of configured grant resources, and / or can be configured independently according to the type and / or purpose of the transmission information (e.g., synchronization signal, PBCH, RMSI, OSI (other system information), SIB (system information block), paging, random access, wake-up signaling).

[0221] For example, the RRC may independently set information regarding the RS determining the path loss compensation term between the configured grant resources and the dynamic scheduling resources, and / or the path loss compensation term may independently set information regarding the RS determining the path loss compensation term according to the set of configured grant resources, and / or the path loss compensation term may independently set information regarding the RS determining the path loss compensation term according to the type and / or purpose of the transmission information (e.g., synchronization signal, PBCH, RMSI, OSI (other system information), SIB (system information block), paging, random access, wake-up signaling).

[0222] For example, the above RRC can be configured differently and / or independently by CORESET (control resource set) and / or by search space and / or by PDCCH monitoring occasion.

[0223] In conventional wireless communication systems, there were instances where NTN nodes failed to support new functions as the release changed. In particular, NTN nodes operating in a regenerative payload manner struggled to support functions defined in a new release due to hardware and software constraints, which could lead to issues with service continuity. Therefore, to ensure that NTN nodes operate properly even when releases change, technical means are required to enable the NTN nodes to flexibly switch from a regenerative payload to a transparent payload.

[0224] Conventionally, a method was used in which common timing advance (TA) configuration information was provided through a system information block (SIB). However, in the SIB-based provision method, there was a problem of delay in reflecting information because the terminal had to update the SIB and re-receive it whenever a new TA value was required. This delay failed to guarantee timely uplink (UL) synchronization of the terminal in non-terrestrial network (NTN) environments where satellite orbit movement or serving satellite node switching is frequent, leading to collisions and resource waste. Furthermore, in multi-NTN scenarios, different TA correction values ​​are required for each of the multiple NTN nodes, but the conventional SIB method had a limitation in that it was difficult to support multiple UL synchronization because it provided only a single value.

[0225] Accordingly, the objective of the present disclosure is to resolve the UL synchronization delay problem occurring in NTN and multi-NTN environments by having a terminal obtain a plurality of common TA setting information in advance and having a second device (base station or NTN node) dynamically indicate the common TA to be applied among them.

[0226] For example, when controlling TA (timing advance) on a UL channel / signal, whether to apply common TA setting information and / or to apply common TA setting information can be set to DCI and / or PDCCH and / or PDSCH and / or MAC CE and / or RRC, which the base station node and / or NTN node schedules the UL channel / signal (e.g., PUSCH and / or PUCCH and / or PRACH and / or SRS).

[0227] For example, the above common TA setting information may be information regarding distance-based TA correction between an NTN node and a UL reference synchronization point, a ground GW, or a base station node. Here, for example, a plurality of common TA setting information may correspond to each of different NTN nodes, and in particular, in a multi-NTN scenario, the terminal may simultaneously receive common TA setting information for each NTN node to support UL synchronization with a plurality of NTN nodes. For example, since the altitude, location, and movement trajectory of the first NTN node and the second NTN node are different, the propagation delay for each node may be calculated differently, and accordingly, the terminal may receive the common TA for the first NTN node and the common TA for the second NTN node, respectively. For example, when the current serving NTN node changes, or when simultaneous UL transmission to multiple NTN nodes must be performed, the terminal can correct the UL transmission by selecting a value appropriate to the situation from among the received common TA configuration information. For example, the network can instruct the terminal on common TA configuration information for each of the multiple NTN nodes via RRC, MAC CE, or DCI, and the terminal can maintain stable UL synchronization in the context of serving node changes, multiple UL transmission, or cooperative transmission based on this.

[0228] For example, the terminal can receive multiple common TA configuration information from the base station node.

[0229] For example, when transmitting a corresponding UL channel / signal after receiving a DL channel / signal, the DL-to-UL timing offset (e.g., K_offset) information on whether to apply and / or to apply a DL-to-UL timing offset can be set by the DCI and / or PDCCH and / or PDSCH and / or MAC CE and / or RRC that the base station node and / or NTN node schedules the UL channel / signal (e.g., PUSCH and / or PUCCH and / or PRACH and / or SRS).

[0230] For example, when a terminal receives a DL channel / signal associated with / corresponding to a transparent payload, when transmitting a corresponding UL channel / signal, it can determine the UL transmission method and perform UL transmission based on parameters for the transparent payload.

[0231] For example, when a terminal receives a DL channel / signal associated with / corresponding to a regenerative payload, when transmitting a corresponding UL channel / signal, it can determine the UL transmission method and perform UL transmission based on parameters for the regenerative payload.

[0232] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the UL transmission method for a specific payload type may include transmission power control, (common) TA setting, (DL-to-)UL TX timing, etc.

[0233] For example, the terminal may assume a regenerative payload method for the first DL and / or UL channel / signal set and a transparent payload method for the second DL and / or UL channel / signal set. For example, the terminal may assume a basic payload type and / or TRP for the first DL and / or UL channel / signal set and an additional payload type and / or an additional TRP for the second DL and / or UL channel / signal set.

[0234] For example, assuming the above regenerative payload method may mean performing UL transmit power control based on estimated path loss between the terminal and the NTN node and / or path loss between the NTN node and the UL reference synchronization point or ground GW or base station node, and / or performing UL transmission by performing TA based on the distance between the terminal and the NTN node and / or the distance between the NTN node and the UL reference synchronization point or ground GW or base station node. For example, it may mean performing UL transmission using a common TA setting.

[0235] For example, assuming the above transparent payload method means that UL transmission power control can be performed based on the estimated path loss between the terminal and the NTN node, and / or UL transmission can be performed by performing a distance-based TA between the terminal and the NTN node. For example, it may mean that UL transmission is performed by ignoring the common TA settings.

[0236] For example, assuming the default payload type above may mean that the first RS for pathloss / RSRP estimate and / or the first common TA configuration information can be used when transmitting the UL, and assuming the additional payload type above may mean that the second RS for pathloss / RSRP estimate and / or the second common TA configuration information can be used when transmitting the UL, and / or that the first RS and common TA information and the second RS and common TA information are different.

[0237] For example, information regarding the first DL and / or UL channel / signal set and / or the second DL and / or UL channel / signal set can be set / instructed by the base station node to the terminal.

[0238] For example, the payload type (e.g., regenerative payload, transparent payload) may differ depending on the synchronization signal and / or set of MIB and / or PBCH resources.

[0239] For example, a base station node can set / instruct a terminal to set synchronization signals and / or MIB and / or PBCH resources using a specific payload type.

[0240] For example, a base station node may instruct the terminal to the payload type through synchronization signals and / or MIB and / or PBCH DMRS and / or PBCH scrambling sequence and / or PBCH contents and / or SIB and / or RRC settings.

[0241] For example, a terminal may assume a specific payload type (e.g., transparent payload) for synchronization signals and / or MIB and / or PBCH and / or RMSI and / or OSI and / or SIB and / or Ephemeris information signaling and / or NTN configuration information signaling and / or all or part of the common search space (CSS) and / or the initial CORESET (Control resource set, CORESET#0) and / or the initial bandwidth part (BWP). The basis for this may be to ensure service continuity from the same ground GW during NTN node switching due to the movement of the NTN node.

[0242] For example, the synchronization signal and / or MIB and / or PBCH may be limited to cases where they are used for defining a cell. For example, the payload type for the synchronization signal and / or MIB and / or PBCH may vary depending on the transmission purpose of the synchronization signal and / or PBCH (cell definition and / or tracking and / or beam management).

[0243] For example, for a set of synchronization signals and / or PBCH resources and the corresponding initial connection signal resources and / or occasions, the terminal may assume the same payload type.

[0244] For example, multiple initial connection signal resources and / or opportunities corresponding to a specific synchronization signal and / or set of PBCH resources may correspond to / associate with different payload types.

[0245] Meanwhile, in the case of a DL signal, the reception time at the terminal may differ depending on the payload type and / or the serving NTN node, and in the case of a UL signal, even if the frame boundary of the DL signal is aligned at the terminal, the frame boundary may not be aligned at the base station node and / or NTN node. For example, if it is a regenerative payload, the DL frame and the UL frame may be aligned on the NTN node, and if it is a transparent payload, the DL frame and the UL frame may be aligned at the UL reference synchronization point, and therefore the DL frame and the UL frame may not be aligned on the NTN node.

[0246] For example, the terminal can expect that DL frames with a regenerative payload method and DL frames with a transparent payload method are aligned at the boundary side. The above boundary alignment may be limited to cases where DL is received from the same NTN node. For example, alignment at the boundary side may mean that the difference between frame boundaries is within a few usec (e.g., around 30 usec). An advantage of this is that DL transmission resources for different payload types may be FDMed, and / or there may be no need to set mutual guard periods even when selecting DL transmission resources from different time resources.

[0247] For example, a time gap or guard period may exist or be set between a DL frame and / or DL ​​subframe and / or DL ​​slot and / or DL ​​transmission resource and / or UL frame and / or UL subframe and / or UL slot and / or UL transmission resource for different payload types.

[0248] For example, the above time gap or guard period may be instructed / set by the base station node and / or NTN node to the terminal, and / or determined based on a common TA value.

[0249] For example, DL transmissions for different payload types may be TDMed with each other and / or may not be allowed to overlap in time. For example, if there is a temporal overlap between DL transmission resources for different payload types, the NTN node may omit transmission for a portion of the DL transmission resources for a specific payload type. For example, the portion of the DL transmission resources omitted may include the time interval where the temporal overlap occurred, and / or the payload type omitted may be a regenerative payload. The basis for this is that in the case of a regenerative payload, the NTN node can determine the transmission format.

[0250] For example, a terminal may not expect temporal overlap between UL transmissions for different payload types. For example, a base station node and / or NTN node may direct and / or configure UL transmission resources so that temporal overlap does not occur between UL transmissions for different payload types at a single terminal end.

[0251] For example, if there is a temporal overlap between UL transmissions for different payload types, the terminal may omit transmission for all or part of a specific UL transmission.

[0252] For example, the UL transmission associated with the above transmission omission may be for a regenerative payload.

[0253] For example, the UL transmission associated with the above transmission omission may be a configured grant PUSCH and / or a higher layer configured UL transmission (periodic UCI).

[0254] For example, the terminal may not perform piggybacking or mapping of UCI between UL transmissions for different payload types.

[0255] For example, UCI mapping and / or piggybacking may be allowed for UL transmissions for regenerative payloads when the target of the UCI is an NTN node, but may not be allowed for UL transmissions for transparent payloads.

[0256] For example, UCI mapping and / or piggybacking may be allowed for UL transmission for transparent payloads when the target of the UCI is a base station node and / or ground GW, but may not be allowed for UL transmission for regenerative payloads.

[0257] The payload type-based DL / UL transmission resource management operation described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be expressed in other forms such as profiles, TRPs (TX-RX points), etc., and it is obvious that the concept of the present disclosure can be extended and applied in such cases as well.

[0258] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the location of the terminal may be determined based on information measured (directly) by the terminal, and / or may be determined based on reference location information provided by the terminal from a third node.

[0259] For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the TDD setting and utilization are not limited to the TDD band, and can be extended to the FDD band and / or a combination of specific DL band and / or UL band.

[0260] A combination of embodiments of the present disclosure may operate in conjunction with each other.

[0261] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the link type (DL, UL, SL) and / or the data type (SIB, group cast, unicast) and / or the search space type (CSS (common search space), USS (UE-specific search space)) where the scheduling PDCCH is detected and / or the base station node type and / or altitude and / or whether there is a power constraint. For example, a combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied only when involved in SIB transmission.

[0262] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the effect is to efficiently perform UL transmission power control and / or timing adjustment by dynamically changing the access node.

[0263] According to the present disclosure, a terminal can achieve the following effects by acquiring a plurality of common TA setting information in advance and causing a second device (base station or NTN node) to dynamically indicate the common TA to be applied among them.

[0264] According to the present disclosure, the payload type of an NTN node can be flexibly changed depending on the situation. Accordingly, even when a release changes, the NTN node can operate by switching from a regenerative payload to a transparent payload to support new features, thereby resolving the issue of being unable to support new release features and ensuring service continuity. Consequently, the scalability and compatibility of the entire system are improved, and stable operation over a long period in an NTN environment becomes possible.

[0265] According to the present disclosure, a terminal can achieve the following effects by acquiring a plurality of common TA setting information in advance and causing a second device (base station or NTN node) to dynamically indicate the common TA to be applied among them.

[0266] First, since the conventional SIB-based provision method has a structure that broadcasts only a single value, it could not reflect the different propagation delay characteristics of each node in an environment where multiple NTN nodes exist. As a result, even if the terminal can synchronize with a specific NTN node, errors accumulate with other NTN nodes, leading to problems such as collisions or transmission failures. In the present disclosure, this problem can be resolved by securing multiple common TA setting information in advance and immediately instructing the base station to apply a value.

[0267] Second, even in NTN environments with high variability, such as satellite orbit movement or serving node switching, the terminal can immediately apply an appropriate TA according to base station instructions, thereby maintaining stable UL synchronization.

[0268] Third, by having the terminal simultaneously obtain different TA correction values ​​for each of the multiple NTN nodes and instructing the base station to apply a value depending on the situation, multiple UL synchronization in a multi-NTN environment is possible.

[0269] Fourth, since the base station can instruct the TA to be applied through various control channels such as DCI, MAC CE, and RRC, flexible control suitable for the system situation is possible.

[0270] Fifth, even in satellite switching or payload type switching (regenerative ↔ transparent) situations, the terminal performs UL transmission by applying an appropriate TA, thereby reducing collisions, improving resource efficiency, and improving the quality of service (e.g., QoS).

[0271] FIG. 21 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0272] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2110, the first device can obtain a plurality of common timing advance settings. In step S2120, the first device can receive from the second device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings. In step S2130, the first device can perform an uplink transmission to the second device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0273] For example, the payload type of the first device can be switched based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0274] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the payload type of the first device can be switched from the transparent payload to a regenerated payload.

[0275] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the payload type of the first device can be switched from the regenerated payload to a transparent payload.

[0276] For example, the first device can switch a serving non-ground network node to another serving non-ground network node based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0277] For example, the common timing advance related to the information regarding the common timing advance setting to be applied above may be the distance between the uplink synchronization reference point and the non-terrestrial network node.

[0278] For example, the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above can be received through downlink control information.

[0279] For example, the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above can be received through a medium access control element.

[0280] For example, the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above can be received through wireless resource control.

[0281] For example, the above uplink can be transmitted over a non-terrestrial network.

[0282] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the second device may be a base station.

[0283] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regeneration payload, the second device may be a non-terrestrial network node.

[0284] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the base station associated with the first device and the non-ground network node associated with the first device may be different. For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the base station associated with the first device and the non-ground network node associated with the first device may be the same.

[0285] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may receive information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings from a second device (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to receive information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings from a second device). And, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can perform uplink transmission to the second device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform uplink transmission to the second device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied).

[0286] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; receive from a second device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform an uplink transmission to the second device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0287] For example, the payload type of the first device can be switched based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0288] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the payload type of the first device can be switched from the transparent payload to a regenerated payload.

[0289] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the payload type of the first device can be switched from the regenerated payload to a transparent payload.

[0290] For example, the first device can switch a serving non-ground network node to another serving non-ground network node based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0291] For example, the common timing advance related to the information regarding the common timing advance setting to be applied above may be the distance between the uplink synchronization reference point and the non-terrestrial network node.

[0292] For example, the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above can be received through downlink control information.

[0293] For example, the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above can be received through a medium access control element.

[0294] For example, the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above can be received through wireless resource control.

[0295] For example, the above uplink can be transmitted over a non-terrestrial network.

[0296] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the second device may be a base station.

[0297] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regeneration payload, the second device may be a non-terrestrial network node.

[0298] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the base station associated with the first device and the non-ground network node associated with the first device may be different. For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the base station associated with the first device and the non-ground network node associated with the first device may be the same.

[0299] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; receive from a second device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform an uplink transmission to the second device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0300] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; receive from a second device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform an uplink transmission to the second device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0301] FIG. 22 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0302] Referring to FIG. 22, in step S2210, the second device may obtain a plurality of common timing advance settings. In step S2220, the second device may transmit to the first device information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings. In step S2230, the second device may perform uplink reception from the first device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0303] For example, the payload type can be switched based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

[0304] For example, based on the fact that the above payload type is a transparent payload, the above payload type can be switched from the transparent payload to a regenerated payload.

[0305] For example, based on the fact that the above payload type is a regenerated payload, the above payload type can be switched from the regenerated payload to a transparent payload.

[0306] For example, based on the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above, the serving non-ground network node can be switched to another serving non-ground network node.

[0307] For example, the common timing advance related to the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above is the distance between the uplink synchronization reference point and the non-ground network node, method.

[0308] For example, the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above can be transmitted through downlink control information.

[0309] For example, the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above can be transmitted through a medium access control element.

[0310] For example, the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above can be transmitted via wireless resource control.

[0311] For example, the above uplink can be received on a non-terrestrial network.

[0312] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the second device may be a base station.

[0313] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regeneration payload, the second device may be a non-terrestrial network node.

[0314] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the base station and the non-ground network node may be different. For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the base station and the non-ground network node may be the same.

[0315] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (202) of a second device (200) may acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control a transceiver (206) to acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may transmit to a first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control a transceiver (206) to transmit to a first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings). And, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can perform uplink reception from the first device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to perform uplink reception from the first device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied).

[0316] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; transmit to the first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform uplink reception from the first device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0317] For example, the payload type can be switched based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

[0318] For example, based on the fact that the above payload type is a transparent payload, the above payload type can be switched from the transparent payload to a regenerated payload.

[0319] For example, based on the fact that the above payload type is a regenerated payload, the above payload type can be switched from the regenerated payload to a transparent payload.

[0320] For example, based on the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above, the serving non-ground network node can be switched to another serving non-ground network node.

[0321] For example, the common timing advance related to the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above is the distance between the uplink synchronization reference point and the non-ground network node, method.

[0322] For example, the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above can be transmitted through downlink control information.

[0323] For example, the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above can be transmitted through a medium access control element.

[0324] For example, the information related to the common timing advance settings to be applied above can be transmitted via wireless resource control.

[0325] For example, the above uplink can be received on a non-terrestrial network.

[0326] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the second device may be a base station.

[0327] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regeneration payload, the second device may be a non-terrestrial network node.

[0328] For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the base station and the non-ground network node may be different. For example, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the base station and the non-ground network node may be the same.

[0329] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; transmit to the first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform uplink reception from the first device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0330] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: acquire a plurality of common timing advance settings; transmit to the first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and perform uplink reception from the first device based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

[0331] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the effect is to efficiently perform UL transmission power control and / or timing adjustment by dynamically changing the access node.

[0332] According to the present disclosure, a terminal can achieve the following effects by acquiring a plurality of common TA setting information in advance and causing a second device (base station or NTN node) to dynamically indicate the common TA to be applied among them.

[0333] According to the present disclosure, the payload type of an NTN node can be flexibly changed depending on the situation. Accordingly, even when a release changes, the NTN node can operate by switching from a regenerative payload to a transparent payload to support new features, thereby resolving the issue of being unable to support new release features and ensuring service continuity. Consequently, the scalability and compatibility of the entire system are improved, and stable operation over a long period in an NTN environment becomes possible.

[0334] According to the present disclosure, a terminal can achieve the following effects by acquiring a plurality of common TA setting information in advance and causing a second device (base station or NTN node) to dynamically indicate the common TA to be applied among them.

[0335] First, since the conventional SIB-based provision method has a structure that broadcasts only a single value, it could not reflect the different propagation delay characteristics of each node in an environment where multiple NTN nodes exist. As a result, even if the terminal can synchronize with a specific NTN node, errors accumulate with other NTN nodes, leading to problems such as collisions or transmission failures. In the present disclosure, this problem can be resolved by securing multiple common TA setting information in advance and immediately instructing the base station to apply a value.

[0336] Second, even in NTN environments with high variability, such as satellite orbit movement or serving node switching, the terminal can immediately apply an appropriate TA according to base station instructions, thereby maintaining stable UL synchronization.

[0337] Third, by having the terminal simultaneously obtain different TA correction values ​​for each of the multiple NTN nodes and instructing the base station to apply a value depending on the situation, multiple UL synchronization in a multi-NTN environment is possible.

[0338] Fourth, since the base station can instruct the TA to be applied through various control channels such as DCI, MAC CE, and RRC, flexible control suitable for the system situation is possible.

[0339] Fifth, even in satellite switching or payload type switching (regenerative ↔ transparent) situations, the terminal performs UL transmission by applying an appropriate TA, thereby reducing collisions, improving resource efficiency, and improving the quality of service (e.g., QoS).

[0340] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0341] The proposed method above may be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal may set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal may control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0342] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0343] Although not limited to, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G, 6G, etc.) between devices.

[0344] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0345] FIG. 23 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0346] Referring to FIG. 23, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0347] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0348] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0349] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR, 6G, etc.), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0350] FIG. 24 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0351] Referring to FIG. 24, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 23.

[0352] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0353] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0354] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0355] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0356] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0357] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0358] FIG. 25 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0359] Referring to FIG. 25, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 25 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24. The hardware elements of FIG. 25 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 24. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 24, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24.

[0360] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 25. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0361] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0362] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0363] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 25. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 24) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0364] FIG. 26 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 23). The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0365] Referring to FIG. 26, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 24 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 24. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 24. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0366] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 23, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 23, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 23, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 23, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 23, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 23, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 23, 400), a base station (Fig. 23, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0367] In FIG. 26, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0368] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 26 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0369] FIG. 27 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0370] Referring to FIG. 27, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 26.

[0371] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0372] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

Claims

1. Regarding the method, The first device acquires a plurality of common timing advance settings; The first device receives from the second device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and A method comprising the step of the first device performing an uplink transmission to the second device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the payload type of the first device is switched based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

3. In Paragraph 2, A method in which, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the payload type of the first device is switched from the transparent payload to a regenerated payload.

4. In Paragraph 2, A method in which, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the payload type of the first device is switched from the regenerated payload to a transparent payload.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of the first device switching a serving non-ground network node to another serving non-ground network node based on the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

6. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the common timing advance related to the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above is the distance between an uplink synchronization reference point and a non-terrestrial network node.

7. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above is received through downlink control information.

8. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above is received through a medium access control element.

9. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above is received through wireless resource control.

10. In Paragraph 1, The above uplink is a method transmitted over a non-terrestrial network.

11. In Paragraph 10, A method in which the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, and the second device is a base station.

12. In Paragraph 10, A method in which, based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the second device is a non-terrestrial network node.

13. In Paragraph 10, Based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a transparent payload, the base station associated with the first device and the non-terrestrial network node associated with the first device are different, and Based on the fact that the payload type of the first device is a regenerated payload, the base station associated with the first device and the non-ground network node associated with the first device are the same, method.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To obtain multiple common timing advance settings; Receiving information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings from a second device; and A first device that causes the second device to perform uplink transmission based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

15. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To obtain multiple common timing advance settings; Receiving information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings from a second device; and A processing device that causes the second device to perform uplink transmission based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above instructions cause the first device: To obtain multiple common timing advance settings; Receiving information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings from a second device; and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that enables the second device to perform uplink transmission based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

17. Regarding the method, The second device acquires a plurality of common timing advance settings; The second device transmits to the first device information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings; and A method comprising the step of the second device performing uplink reception from the first device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To obtain multiple common timing advance settings; To transmit information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings to the first device; and A second device that performs uplink reception from the first device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

19. In a processing device, At least one processor; and A second device comprising at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To obtain multiple common timing advance settings; To transmit information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings to the first device; and A processing device that performs uplink reception from the first device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the second device: To obtain multiple common timing advance settings; To transmit information related to a common timing advance setting to be applied among the plurality of common timing advance settings to the first device; and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that enables uplink reception from the first device based on information related to the common timing advance setting to be applied above.

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