Curable compositions and solvent-assisted degradable foams formed therefrom

Abstract

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a first component comprising a polyisocyanate; a second component comprising a polyol; an accelerator; a blowing agent; and a diluent, wherein the polyisocyanate and / or the polyol comprises a polysulfide linkage. Also disclosed are foams formed from the compositions disclosed herein and methods of forming the foams from the compositions disclosed herein.

Description

CURABLE COMPOSITIONS AND SOLVENT-ASSISTED DEGRADABLE FOAMS FORMED THEREFROM GOVERNMENT CONTRACT

[0001] This disclosure was made with Government support under Government Contract No. NCMS FY2021 Adhesive Perf. Improvements Phase 2142120 awarded by GVSC. The United States Government has certain rights in this disclosure. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos. 63 / 690,195 and 63 / 690,204, both filed on September 3, 2024, and both entitled “Curable Compositions and Solvent-Assisted Degradable Coatings Formed Therefrom,” incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to curable compositions and solvent-assisted degradable foams formed therefrom. BACKGROUND

[0004] Curable compositions, and foams formed therefrom, are utilized in a wide variety of insulation applications. SUMMARY

[0005] Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a first component comprising a polyisocyanate comprising a polysulfide linkage; a second component comprising a first polyol; an accelerator; a blowing agent; and a diluent.

[0006] Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising a first component comprising a polyisocyanate; a second component comprising a first polyol comprising a polysulfide linkage in an amount of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds; an accelerator; a blowing agent; and a diluent.

[0007] Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising a first component comprising a polyisocyanate; a second component comprising (i) a first polyol comprising a polysulfide linkage and (ii) a second polyol comprising an average hydroxyl functionality of more than 1 to 15 and / or a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 24 g / eq to 1,500 g / eq; an accelerator; a blowing agent; and a diluent.

[0008] Also disclosed herein are methods of forming a foam comprising curing a mixture of the first component and the second component of any of the compositions disclosed herein to form the foam.

[0009] Also disclosed herein are methods of forming a foam comprising extruding any of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0010] Also disclosed herein are foams formed from any of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0011] Also disclosed herein are batteries comprising a battery cell and any of the compositions disclosed herein in a cured state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic of a top-down view of cylindrical battery cells.

[0013] FIG. 2 is a schematic of an exploded isometric view of an array of prismatic battery cells.

[0014] FIG. 3 is a schematic of a front view of an array of pouch battery cells.

[0015] FIG. 4 is a schematic of an isometric view of cylindrical cells positioned in a battery module.

[0016] FIG. 5 is a schematic of an exploded perspective view of a battery pack comprising multiple battery cells.

[0017] FIG. 6 is a schematic of an isometric view of (A) a battery cell, (B) a battery module, and (C) a battery pack.

[0018] FIG. 7 is a schematic of a perspective view of a battery pack.

[0019] FIG. 8 is a schematic of a cell to battery pack configuration.

[0020] FIG. 9 is a schematic of an isometric cut-out view of a cell to chassis battery assembly.

[0021] FIG. 10 is a bar graph of rates of degradation for foams comprising varying disulfide content using various solvent systems over a thirty-minute period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present disclosure is directed to a composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, a first component and a second component. The first component may comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of, a polyisocyanate. The second component may comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of a first polyol. The polyisocyanate and / orthe first polyol may comprise a polysulfide linkage. As used herein, “polysulfide linkage” refers to the structure R-Sn-R’, wherein R and R’ may independently comprise a multivalent alkyl group, a multivalent (cyclo)alkyl group, an aromatic group, a urethane linkage, a urea linkage, an ether linkage, or a heteroatom and n ≥ 2. As used herein, “multivalent” means having a valence of two or more. The composition may further comprise an accelerator, a blowing agent, and / or a diluent in the first component, the second component, and / or a third component. When cured, the curable compositions may form a solvent-assisted degradable foam. As used herein with reference to components, reference to “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., is for convenience only and does not refer to order of addition to the composition or the like. Furthermore, this language is not intended to be limiting and does not exclude the possibility of the composition comprising more than three components. Polyisocyanate

[0023] The first component may comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of a polyisocyanate. As used herein, “polyisocyanate” refers to a compound comprising more than one isocyanate functional group (NCO).

[0024] The polyisocyanate may have an average isocyanate functionality of greater than 1, such as at least 1.5, such as at least 1.9. The polyisocyanate may have an average isocyanate functionality of no more than 8, such as no more than 7, such as no more than 6, such as no more than 5, such as no more than 4, such as no more than 3. The polyisocyanate may have an average isocyanate functionality of greater than 1 to 8, such as 1.5 to 7, such as 1.9 to 6, such as 1.9 to 5, such as 1.9 to 4, such as 1.9 to 3.

[0025] The composition may be substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of a monofunctional isocyanate. As used herein, “monofunctional isocyanate” refers to a polymer comprising an average isocyanate functionality of greater than zero to one.

[0026] The polyisocyanate may have an isocyanate equivalent weight of at least 100 g / eq, such as at least 150 g / eq, such as at least 175 g / eq. The polyisocyanate may have an isocyanate equivalent weight of no more than 1,500 g / eq, such as no more than 1,000 g / eq, such as no more than 500 g / eq. The polyisocyanate may have an isocyanate equivalent weight of 100 g / eq to 1,500 g / eq, such as 150 g / eq to 1,000 g / eq, such as 175 g / eq to 500 g / eq. As used herein, “isocyanate equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of isocyanate-containing componentsdivided by the molar equivalents of isocyanate functionality. The value may be determined from the isocyanate content as measured in accordance with, for example, ASTM D2572-19.

[0027] Polyisocyanates that may be used in the compositions disclosed herein may comprise linear, branched, cyclic, aliphatic, and / or aromatic isocyanates.

[0028] Aliphatic polyisocyanates may include (i) alkylene polyisocyanates, such as: trimethylene diisocyanate; tetramethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate; pentamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate and 2-methyl-1,5- pentamethylene diisocyanate; hexamethylene diisocyanate (“HDI”), such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, or mixtures thereof; heptamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,7-heptamethylene diisocyanate; propylene diisocyanate, such as 1,2-propylene diisocyanate; butylene diisocyanate, such as 1,2-butylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3-butylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-butylene diisocyanate; ethylene diisocyanate; decamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,10-decamethylene diisocyanate; ethylidene diisocyanate; butylidene diisocyanate; and hexamethylene diisocyanate (“HDI”). Aliphatic polyisocyanates may also include (ii) cycloalkylene isocyanates, such as: cyclopentane diisocyanate, such as 1,3-cyclopentane diisocyanate; cyclohexane diisocyanate, such as 1,4- cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,2-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (“IPDI”), IPDI trimer (commercially available as Desmodur® Z 4470 SN); methylene bis(4- cyclohexylisocyanate) (“HMDI”); polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (“MDI”); and mixed aralkyl diisocyanates such as tetramethylxylyl diisocyanates, such as meta- tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (commercially available as TMXDI® from Allnex SA). Dimers, trimers, oligomers, and polymers of the above-mentioned polyisocyanates also may be used as the cyclotrimer of 1,6 hexamethylene diisocyanate (also known as the isocyanate trimer of HDI, commercially available as Desmodur N3300 (Covestro)).

[0029] Aromatic polyisocyanates may include (i) arylene isocyanates, such as: phenylene diisocyanate, such as m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, and chlorophenylene 2,4-diisocyanate; naphthalene diisocyanate, such as 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate and 1,4- naphthalene diisocyanate. Aromatic polyisocyanates may also include (ii) alkarylene polyisocyanates, such as: methylene-interrupted aromatic diisocyanates, such as 4,4’- diphenylene methane diisocyanate (“MDI”), and alkylated analogs such as 3,3’-dimethyl-4,4’- diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and polymeric methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; toluenediisocyanate (“TDI”), such as 2,4-tolylene or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, or mixtures thereof; bitoluene diisocyanates; and 4,4-toluidine diisocyanate; dianisidine diisocyanate; xylylene diisocyanate; and other alkylated benzene diisocyanates.

[0030] Polyisocyanates may also include: triisocyanates, such as triphenyl methane- 4,4’,4’’-triisocyanate, 1,3,5-triisocyanato benzene, and 2,4,6-triisocyanato toluene; tetraoisocyanates, such as 4,4’-diphenyldimethyl methane-2,2’,5,5’-tetraoisocyanate; and polymerized polyisocyanates, such as tolylene diisocyanate dimers, trimers, and the like.

[0031] The polyisocyanate may comprise a functional group in addition to the isocyanate functional groups.

[0032] The polyisocyanate may comprise a polysulfide linkage. The polysulfide linkage may be present in the backbone of the isocyanate. As used herein, “backbone” refers to the longest series of covalently bound atoms which forms the continuous chain of a polymer.

[0033] The polysulfide linkage may be an aliphatic polysulfide linkage. As used herein, “aliphatic polysulfide linkage” refers to a polysulfide linkage that comprises open chains and is completely free of aromatic rings. Aliphatic polysulfide linkages are less thermally labile than aromatic polysulfide linkages (that is, polysulfide linkages containing at least one aromatic ring).

[0034] The polyisocyanate comprising the polysulfide linkage may comprise a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) an isocyanate-containing compound and (ii) a polysulfide linkage-containing compound.

[0035] Any suitable isocyanate-containing compound may be used, including but not limited to any of the polyisocyanates disclosed above.

[0036] Any suitable polysulfide linkage-containing compounds that are reactive with the isocyanate-containing compound may be used including, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, 3,3’-dithiodipropionic acid, ethylene-2,2’-bis(dithio)bis(ethanol), 4-aminophenyl disulfide, 2- aminophenyl disulfide, dihydroxydiphenyl disulfide, 2,2’-dithiobenzoic acid, polysulfides (for example, polysulfides available as Thioplast G, such as Thioplast G4, and Thioplast EPS, such as Thioplast EPS 25), all commercially available from Nouryon), 3,3’-tetrathiobis(propyl- triethoxysilane), and / or diallyl trisulfide.

[0037] The polyisocyanate may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen- containing compounds, such as at least 2% by weight, such as at least 3% by weight. Thepolyisocyanate may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of the isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen- containing compounds, such as no more than 20% by weight, such as no more than 15% by weight. The polyisocyanate may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as 2% by weight to 20% by weight, such as 3.0% by weight to 15% by weight. Polyol

[0038] The second component of the present disclosure may comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of a first polyol. As used herein, “polyol” refers to a chemical compound comprising an average hydroxyl functionality of more than one. As used herein, the term “polyol” includes diols. As used herein, “diol” refers to a chemical compound comprising an average hydroxyl functionality of two. As such, the polyol may comprise a diol and / or a polyol having an average functionality of greater than two.

[0039] Non-limiting examples of suitable polyols include but are not limited to polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyurethane polyols, poly vinyl alcohols, polymers containing hydroxyl functional acrylates, polymers containing hydroxyl functional methacrylates, polymers containing allyl alcohols, and / or hydroxyl functional polybutadienes.

[0040] The first polyol may have an average hydroxyl functionality of more than 1, such as at least 2, such as at least 5. The first polyol may have an average hydroxyl functionality of no more than 15, such as no more than 10, such as no more than 8. The first polyol may have an average hydroxyl functionality of more than 1 to 15, such as 2 to 10, such as 5 to 8.

[0041] The first polyol may have a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 24 g / eq, such as at least 50 g / eq, such as at least 75 g / eq. The first polyol may have a hydroxyl equivalent weight of no more than 5,000 g / eq, such as no more than 2,500 g / eq, such as no more than 500 g / eq. The first polyol may have a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 24 g / eq to 5,000 g / eq, such as 50 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq, such as 75 g / eq to 500 g / eq. As used herein, “hydroxyl equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of hydroxyl-containing components divided by the molar equivalents of hydroxyl functionality, which may be determined, for example, in accordance with ASTM D4247-23.

[0042] The first polyol may optionally comprise a polysulfide linkage. If present, the polysulfide linkage may be present in a backbone of the first polyol. The first polyol comprising the polysulfide linkage may comprise a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a polyol reactant and (ii) a polysulfide-linkage containing compound. The polyol reactant may comprise any suitable polyol, including but not limited to the polyols described herein. The polysulfide- linkage containing compound may comprise any suitable compound comprising a polysulfide linkage, including but not limited to the polysulfide-linkage containing compounds disclosed herein.

[0043] The polysulfide linkage may be an aliphatic polysulfide linkage. As stated herein, aliphatic polysulfide linkages are less thermally labile than aromatic polysulfide linkages (that is, polysulfide linkages containing at least one aromatic ring).

[0044] The first polyol may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen- containing compounds, such as at least 2% by weight, such as at least 3% by weight. The first polyol may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as no more than 20% by weight, such as no more than 15% by weight. The first polyol may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as 2% by weight to 20% by weight, such as 3% by weight to 15% by weight.

[0045] Compositions comprising a first polyol comprising a polysulfide linkage may further comprise a second polyol in addition to the first polyol comprising the polysulfide linkage. The second polyol may be substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of a polysulfide linkage. As used herein, “substantially free” when referring to a polysulfide linkage means that the compound comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 0.01% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen- containing compounds. As used herein, “essentially free” when referring to a polysulfide linkage means that the compound comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 0.005% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds. As used herein, “completely free” when referring to apolysulfide linkage means that the compound does not comprise a polysulfide linkage in a detectable amount using conventional measurement techniques.

[0046] The second polyol may have an average hydroxyl functionality of more than 1, such as at least 2, such as at least. The second polyol may have an average hydroxyl functionality of no more than 15, such as no more than 8, such as no more than 6. The second polyol may have an average hydroxyl functionality of more than 1 to 15, such as 2 to 8, such as 3 to 6.

[0047] The second polyol may have a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 24 g / eq, such as at least 50 g / eq. The second polyol may have a hydroxyl equivalent weight of no more than 1,600 g / eq, such as no more than 1,000 g / eq, such as no more than 500 g / eq. The second polyol may have a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 24 g / eq to 1,600 g / eq, such as 50 g / eq to 1,200 g / eq, such as 50 g / eq to 1,000 g / eq, such as 50 g / eq to 500 g / eq.

[0048] The second polyol may comprise a secondary polyol. As used herein, a “secondary polyol” is a polyol comprising secondary hydroxyl groups. Amine

[0049] The composition may optionally further comprise an amine. The amine may be present in the second component, a third component, and / or a higher component.

[0050] The amine may comprise a primary amine and / or a secondary amine. The amine may comprise a polyamine. As used herein, a “polyamine” is a compound comprising more than one amine functional groups. The polyamine may comprise a diamine. As used herein, “diamine” is an amine comprising more than one to two amine functional groups. The amine may be aromatic and / or aliphatic, such as cycloaliphatic. Non-limiting examples of suitable amines may include aliphatic polyamines such as but not limited to ethylamine, isomeric propylamines, butylamines, pentylamines, hexylamines, cyclohexylamine, ethylene diamine, 1,2- diaminopropane, 1.4-diaminobutane, 1,3-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 2-methyl-1,5- pentane diamine, 2,5-diamino-2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-diamino- hexane, 1,11-diaminoundecane, 1,12-diaminododecane, 1,3- and / or 1,4-cyclohexane diamine, 1- amino-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-aminomethyl-cyclohexane, 2,4- and / or 2,6-hexahydrotoluolylene diamine, 2,4’- and / or 4,4’-diamino-dicyclohexyl methane and 3,3’-dialkyl-4,4’-diamino- dicyclohexyl methanes (such as 3,3’-dimethyl-4,4’-diamino-dicyclohexyl methane and 3,3’-diethyl-4,4’-diamino-dicyclohexyl methane), 2,4- and / or 2,6-diaminotoluene and 2,4’- and / or 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl methane, piperazines, and / or adducts or derivatives thereof.

[0051] Non-limiting examples of secondary amines include mono- and poly-acrylate and methacrylate modified amines; polyaspartic esters which can include derivatives of compounds such as maleic acid, fumaric acid esters, and / or aliphatic polyamines and the like. The secondary amine may include an aliphatic amine, such as cycloaliphatic diamine. Such amines are available commercially from Huntsman Corporation (Houston, Tex.) under the designation of JEFFLINK, such as JEFFLINK 754 from BASF as Baxxoder PC136.

[0052] The amine may comprise an amine-functional resin. Any suitable amine- functional resin known in the art may be used. For example, the amine-functional resin may be an ester of an organic acid, such as an aspartic ester-based amine-functional reactive resin that is compatible with isocyanate. The amine-functional resin may be solvent-free and / or has a mole ratio of amine-functionality to ester of no more than 1:1, so that no excess primary amine remains upon reaction. A non-limiting example of such polyaspartic esters may include the derivative of diethyl maleate and 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane, which is available commercially from Covestro under the trade name DESMOPHEN NH1220 and the derivative of diethyl maleate and 4,4’-methylenebis (cyclohaxan-1-amine), commercially available as Desmophen NH1420 (Covestro). Other suitable compounds containing aspartate groups may be employed as well.

[0053] The amine may include primary amines, such as a polyoxyalkyleneamine. Suitable polyoxyalkyleneamines may contain two or more primary amino groups attached to a backbone derived, for example, from propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide. Non-limiting examples of such amines may include those available under the designation JEFFAMINE from Huntsman Corporation. Such amines may have a molecular weight ranging from 200 to 7,500, such as but not limited to JEFFAMINE D-230, D-400, D-2000, T-403, T-5000, XJS-616, and ED600. Other suitable amines include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyamines, such as the Ancamine® series available from Evonik.

[0054] The amine may comprise an aromatic amine, such as an aromatic diamine. Examples of suitable aromatic diamines include but are not limited to phenylene diamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4-diaminomesitylene, 1,3,5-triethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl- 3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate, methylenebis(methylanthranilate), trimethylene glycol di-p-aminobenzoate, dimethylthiotoluenediamine, available as Ethacure 300, diethyltoluenediamine, available as Ethacure 100, and / or 4,4’-bis(sec- butylamino)diphenyl methane, available as Ethancure 420.

[0055] The amine may be a sterically hindered aromatic diamine. As used herein, a “sterically hindered aromatic diamine” refers to an aromatic diamine that comprises a substituent, usually a C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, or C1-C4 alkylthio group, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n- propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy or isobutoxy, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, or isobutylthio, wherein the substituent is in a position ortho to each amino group. Sterically hindered aromatic diamine may also refer to an aromatic diamine in which the amine nitrogen additionally comprises a substituent such as an alkyl substituent.

[0056] The amine may be substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of a polysulfide linkage.

[0057] The amine may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a liquid amine. As used herein, “liquid amine” refers to an amine that is liquid at room temperature.

[0058] The amine may comprise an amine equivalent weight of at least 24 g / eq, such as at least 50 g / eq, such as at least 200 g / eq. The amine may comprise an amine equivalent weight of no more than 2,000 g / eq, such as no more than 1,750 g / eq, such as no more than 1,000 g / eq. The amine may comprise an amine equivalent weight of 24 g / eq to 2,000 g / eq, such as 50 g / eq to 1,750 g / eq, such as 200 g / eq to 1,000 g / eq. As used herein, “amine equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of amine-containing components divided by the molar equivalents of amine functionality, which can be determined in accordance with, for example, ASTM D6979-03. Accelerator

[0059] The composition of the present disclosure further comprises an accelerator. As used herein, “accelerator” refers to a substance that increases the rate or decreases the activation energy of a chemical reaction in comparison to the same reaction in the absence of an accelerator. An accelerator may be either a “catalyst,” that is, without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change, or may be reactive, that is, capable of chemical reactions and includes any level of reaction from partial to complete reaction of a reactant.

[0060] The accelerator may be present in the second component and / or a third or higher component. The accelerator may comprise an amine-based catalyst and / or a metal-based catalyst.

[0061] The amine-based catalyst may comprise a tertiary amine, an N-heterocyclic carbene, and / or an amidine / guanidine. Suitable amine-based catalysts that may be used in the present disclosure include but are not limited to N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N,N- dimethylethanolamine, N-methyl morpholine, 2,2’-dimorpholinodiethylether, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, triethylenediamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, N,N,N’- trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 1,3,5- tris(dimethylaminopropyl)-hexahydro-s-triazine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, N-(3- aminopropyl)imidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene, or 7- methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene.

[0062] The metal-based catalyst may comprise tin, titanium, bismuth, zirconium, aluminum, iron, and / or potassium. The metal-based catalyst may comprise an organometallic complex. Examples of suitable organometallic complexes include titanates, such as tetrabutyl titanate or tetrapropyl titanate; tin compounds, such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, tin octoate, or dibutyl tin oxide; and / or other metal compounds, such as chelates of bismuth, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, potassium, and / or iron, such as zirconium acetylacetonate or iron acetylacetonate.

[0063] In examples, the accelerator may be a latent accelerator. As used herein, a “latent” accelerator refers to a molecule or a compound that is activated by an external energy source prior to reacting (i.e., crosslinking) or having a catalytic effect, as the case may be. The latent accelerator may be in the form of a solid at room temperature and has no catalytic effect until it is heated and melted. The latent accelerator may be blocked or encapsulated. A “blocked” accelerator means an accelerator that may be reversibly reacted with a second compound that prevents any catalytic effect until the reversible reaction is reversed by the application of heat and the second compound is removed, freeing the accelerator to catalyze reactions. An “encapsulated” accelerator may be encapsulated with a thermoplastic material which melts upon heating, releasing the accelerator to catalyze reactions.

[0064] The composition may comprise the accelerator in an amount of at least 0.01% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 0.05% by weight, such as atleast 0.1% by weight. The composition may comprise the accelerator in an amount of no more than 10% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 5% by weight, such as no more than 1% by weight. The composition may comprise the accelerator in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight to 1% by weight. Blowing Agent

[0065] The composition disclosed herein further comprises a blowing agent. As used herein, “blowing agent” refers to a pigment, filler, encapsulant, thermoplastic, inorganic powder, capsule, microcapsule, or the like that, upon heating, undergoes an increase in volume in at least one dimension.

[0066] Any suitable blowing agent may be used. The blowing agent may comprise a chemical blowing agent and / or a physical blowing agent. The blowing agent may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or a third or higher component.

[0067] Suitable physical blowing agents include compounds with boiling points of -80°C to 50°C and which are vaporized during the exothermic polymerization reaction. Physical blowing agents typically do not decompose or react during the polymerization reaction. Suitable examples of physical blowing agents include carbon dioxide; hydrocarbons; chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (commercially available as Genetron® 245 available from Honeywell) and 1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethene (commercially available as OpteonTM1100 or Formacel®1100 from Honeywell and The Chemours Company, respectively); hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), such as trans-1- chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (commercially available as Solstice® LBA from Honeywell); fluoroolefins (FOs); chlorofluoroolefins (CFOs); hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs); hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs); acetone; and / or low-boiling hydrocarbons, such as cyclopentane, isopentane, n-pentane, and mixtures thereof. As used herein, “low-boiling hydrocarbons” refers to hydrocarbons having boiling points of -80°C to 50°C.

[0068] Suitable chemical blowing agents include compounds, for example, water, that react with isocyanate compounds to produce a gas.

[0069] The composition may comprise the blowing agent in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 2% by weight, such as at least 5% by weight. The composition may comprise the blowing agent in anamount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 20% by weight, such as no more than 10% by weight. The composition may comprise the blowing agent in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 2% by weight to 20% by weight, such as 5% by weight to 10% by weight. Diluent

[0070] The composition may comprise a diluent. As used herein, a “diluent” refers to a refers to a molecule or a compound that has a low vapor pressure such as 2 mm Hg or less at 25°C determined by differential scanning calorimetry according to ASTM E1782 and is used to lower the viscosity of a resin. The diluent may comprise a reactive diluent and / or a non-reactive diluent. As used herein, a “reactive diluent” refers to a diluent that has at least one functional group capable of reacting with a functional group(s) on molecules or compounds in a composition. As used herein, a “non-reactive diluent” refers to a diluent that does not have a functional group capable of reacting with a functional group(s) on molecules or compounds in a composition and is thus left unreacted during cure. If present at all, the diluent is present in the first component.

[0071] The composition may comprise the diluent in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 3% by weight, such as at least 5% by weight. The composition may comprise the diluent in an amount of no more than 50% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 25% by weight, such as no more than 10% by weight. The composition may comprise the diluent in an amount of 1% by weight to 50% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 3% by weight to 25% by weight, such as 5% by weight to 10% by weight. Flame Retardant

[0072] The composition may further comprise a flame retardant. As used herein, “flame retardant” refers to a material that slows down or stops the spread of fire or reduces its intensity. Flame retardants may be available as a powder that may be mixed with a composition, a foam, or a gel. In examples, when the compositions disclosed herein include a flame retardant, such compositions may form a coating on a substrate surface and such coating may function as a flame retardant. Certain flame retardants also may function as diluents or thermally conductive material. For purposes of the disclosure, flame retardantsthat function as diluents or thermally conductive material are included in the amounts disclosed with respect to the diluent or thermally conductive material, respectively.

[0073] As set forth in more detail below, a flame retardant can include a mineral, an organic compound, an organohalogen compound, and / or an organophosphorous compound.

[0074] Suitable examples of minerals include huntite, hydromagesite, various hydrates, red phosphorous, boron compounds, such as borates, and / or carbonates, such as calcium carbonate and / or magnesium carbonate.

[0075] Suitable examples of organohalogen compounds include organochlorines such as chlorendic acid derivatives and chlorinated paraffins; organobromines such as decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (a replacement for decaBDE), polymeric brominated compounds such as brominated polystyrenes, brominated carbonate oligomers (BCOs), brominated epoxy oligomers (BEOs), tetrabromophthalic anhydride, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and / or hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Such halogenated flame retardants may be used in conjunction with a synergist to enhance their efficiency. Other suitable examples include antimony trioxide, antimony pentaoxide, and sodium antimonate.

[0076] Suitable examples of organophosphorous compounds include triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP), bisphenol A diphenyl phosphate (BADP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCP); phosphonates such as dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP); and phosphinates such as aluminium diethyl phosphinate. Flame retardants may comprise compounds comprising both phosphorus and a halogen, such as tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (brominated tris) and chlorinated organophosphates, such as tris(1,3-dichloro-2- propyl)phosphate (chlorinated tris or TDCPP) and tetrakis(2- chlorethyl)dichloroisopentyldiphosphate (V6).

[0077] Examples of suitable organic compounds that may be used in the compositions disclosed herein include carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, melamine, and / or organonitrogen compounds.

[0078] Other suitable flame retardants include ammonium polyphosphate and barium phosphate.

[0079] The flame retardant may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or a third or higher component.

[0080] The composition may comprise the flame retardant in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 5% by weight, such as at least 10% by weight. The composition may comprise the flame retardant in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 20% by weight, such as no more than 15% by weight. The composition may comprise the flame retardant in an amount of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 5% by weight to 20% by weight, such as 10% by weight to 15% by weight. Additives

[0081] The composition may optionally further comprise an additive. As used herein, an “additive” refers to a surfactant, a corrosion inhibitor, a colorant, a tint, a plasticizer, a dispersant, an adhesion promoter, and / or a moisture scavenger.

[0082] Stabilizers may be blended to prevent reduction of molecular weight by heating, gelation, coloration, generation of an odor, and the like in the composition to improve the stability of the composition.

[0083] Additive(s), if present at all, may be present in the composition in a combined amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 1.5% by weight, such as at least 2% by weight. Additive(s), if present at all, may be present in the composition in a combined amount of no more than 15% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10% by weight, such as no more than 5% by weight. Additive(s), if present at all, may be present in the composition in a combined amount of 1% by weight to 15% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 1.5% by weight to 10% by weight, such as 2% by weight to 5% by weight. Compositions

[0084] The compositions disclosed herein may be substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of solvent.

[0085] The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise an equivalence ratio of (i) isocyanate functional groups to (ii) a sum of hydroxyl functional groups and amine functional groups of at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1. The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise an equivalence ratio of (i) isocyanate functional groups to (ii) a sum of hydroxyl functional groups and amine functional groups of no more than 4:1, such as nomore than 3:1, such as no more than 2.5:1. The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise an equivalence ratio of (i) isocyanate functional groups to (ii) a sum of hydroxyl functional groups and amine functional groups of 1:1 to 4:1, such as 1.1:1 to 3:1, such as 1.2:1 to 2.5:1.

[0086] The first component may comprise a viscosity of at least 0.0001 Pa∙s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1, such as at least 0.001 Pa∙s, such as at least 0.005 Pa∙s. The first component may comprise a viscosity of no more than 3,000 Pa∙s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1, such as no more than 2,000 Pa∙s, such as no more than 1,000 Pa∙s. The first component may comprise a viscosity of 0.0001 Pa∙s to 3,000 Pa∙s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1, such as 0.001 Pa∙s to 2,000 Pa∙s, such as 0.005 Pa∙s to 1,000 Pa∙s.

[0087] The second component may comprise a viscosity of at least 0.0001 Pa∙s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1, such as at least 0.001 Pa∙s, such as at least 0.005 Pa∙s. The second component may comprise a viscosity of no more than 3,000 Pa*s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1, such as no more than 2,000 Pa∙s, such as no more than 1,000 Pa∙s. The second component may comprise a viscosity of 0.0001 Pa∙s to 3,000 Pa∙s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1, such as 0.001 Pa∙s to 2,000 Pa∙s, such as 0.005 Pa∙s to 1,000 Pa∙s.

[0088] The composition may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen- containing compounds, such as at least 2% by weight, such as at least 3% by weight. The composition may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as no more than 20% by weight, such as no more than 15% by weight. The composition may comprise the polysulfide linkage in an amount of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as 2% by weight to 20% by weight, such as 3% by weight to 15% by weight.

[0089] The first component and the second component may be liquid at ambient conditions, may be mixable at ambient temperature, and may be capable of curing at ambient conditions. The composition may be formulated as a two-component composition.

[0090] The compositions according to the present disclosure may comprise a curable composition. The curable composition may comprise a film-forming composition, an adhesive composition, a structural adhesive composition, a sealant composition, a pottant composition, a gap filler composition, a pre-preg composition, an embedding composition, an encapsulating composition, or the like. The compositions disclosed herein may form a foam, a sealant, an adhesive, a structural adhesive, a pottant, a gap filler, a pre-preg, an embeddant, and / or an encapsulant. The compositions disclosed herein also may be used to form a pad or a pottant through pouring the composition onto a mold, then curing the composition to form a molded foam. Methods and Kits

[0091] The disclosure is further directed to a method of forming a foam comprising (i) mixing the first component and the second component of any of the compositions disclosed herein; and (ii) curing the composition to form the foam. The first component and the second component may be injected into a space and / or on a surface by any number of different ways, non-limiting examples of which include high- or low-pressure spray guns and applicator guns. The foam may be formed as a pottant and / or a pad. The foams formed from the compositions disclosed herein may be rigid foams or flexible foams.

[0092] The compositions described above may be applied alone or as part of a system that can be deposited in different ways onto a variety of substrates. Accordingly, disclosed herein are methods for treating a substrate comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, contacting a portion of a surface of the substrate with one of the compositions described herein above. That is, the composition can be applied to the surface of a substrate in any number of different ways, non-limiting examples of which include brushes, rollers, films, pellets, trowels, spatulas, dips, spray guns, and applicator guns to form a coating on a portion of a surface of the substrate.

[0093] Also disclosed are methods for forming a bond between two substrates for a wide variety of potential applications in which the bond between the substrates provides mechanical properties related to lap shear strength. The method may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of mixing the first component and the second component of one of the compositions disclosed herein; applying the mixed composition to a first substrate; contacting a second substrate to the composition such that the composition is located between the first substrate and the second substrate; and curing the composition under ambient conditions or slightly thermal conditions. For example, the composition may be applied to either one or both of the substrate materials being bonded to form an adhesive bond there between; the substrates may be aligned; and pressure and / or spacers may be added to control bond thickness. The composition may be applied to cleaned or uncleaned (i.e., including oily or oiled) substrate surfaces. The composition also may be applied to a substrate that has been pretreated, coated with an electrodepositable coating, and / or coated with additional layers such as a primer, basecoat, or topcoat.

[0094] After application to the substrate(s), the composition may be cured. For example, the composition may be allowed to cure at ambient conditions or slightly thermal conditions. Additionally, the composition also may be further cured by exposure to external energy sources known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as by thermal heating or baking (such as in an oven) or by actinic radiation. For example, the composition may be baked at elevated temperature, such as at a temperature of at least 40°C, such as at least 60°C, such as at least 80°C, such as at least 100°C, and in some cases at a temperature of no more than 125°C, such as no more than 120°C, such as no more than 115°C, such as no more than 110°C, and in some cases at a temperature of from 40°C to 125°C, such as 60°C to 120°C, such as 80°C to 115°C, such as from 100°C to 110°C, and for any desired time (e.g., from 1 minute to 5 hours) sufficient to cure the coating composition on the substrate(s). The skilled person understands, however, that the time of curing varies with temperature.

[0095] The composition may be injected or otherwise placed in a die caster or a mold and cured under ambient conditions or by exposure to an external energy source, for example, such as by heating to a temperature of less than 180°C, such as less than 130°C, such as less than 90°C, to form a part or a member and optionally may be machined to a particular configuration.

[0096] The disclosure is further directed to a kit comprising (i) a first composition comprising any of the compositions disclosed herein for forming a solvent-assisted degradable material and (ii) instructions for applying a second composition to the solvent-assisted degradable material to initiate solvent-assisted degradation thereof. The kit optionally may comprise the second composition. The second composition may comprise a solvent, a thiol, and / or a base. Suitable solvents include DMF, DMSO, Cyrene, TEP, acetone, caprolactone, ethanol, isopropanol, water, and / or heptanes. For example, the solvent may comprise caprolactone, acetone, and ethanol.

[0097] The second composition may have the following Hansen parameters:

[0098] (a) dispersion forces energy (δD) between molecules of at least 15 MPa0.5, such as at least 16 MPa0.5, such as at least 16.5 MPa0.5, such as no more than 20 MPa0.5, such as no more than 19 MPa0.5, such as no more than 18.5 MPa0.5, such as 15 MPa0.5to 20 MPa0.5, such as 16 MPa0.5to 19 MPa0.5, such as 16.5 MPa0.5to 18.5 MPa0.5;

[0099] (b) dipolar intermolecular forces energy (δP) between molecules of at least 5 MPa0.5, such as at least 6 MPa0.5, such as at least 7 MPa0.5, such as no more than 20 MPa0.5, such as no more than 18 MPa0.5, such as no more than 15 MPa0.5, such as 5 MPa0.5to 20 MPa0.5, such as 6 MPa0.5to 18 MPa0.5, such as 7 MPa0.5to 15 MPa0.5; and / or

[0100] (c) hydrogen bonds energy (δH) between molecules of at least 5 MPa0.5, such as at least 6 MPa0.5, such as at least 7 MPa0.5, such as no more than 20 MPa0.5, such as no more than 18 MPa0.5, such as no more than 15 MPa0.5, such as 5 MPa0.5to 20 MPa0.5, such as 6 MPa0.5to 18 MPa0.5, such as 7 MPa0.5to 18 MPa0.5.

[0101] The Hansen solubility parameters may be calculated based on the methods provided in Díaz de los Ríos, M., Hernández Ramos, E., Determination of the Hansen solubility parameters and the Hansen sphere radius with the aid of the solver add-in of Microsoft Excel. SN Appl. Sci. 2, 676 (2020).

[0102] It has been surprisingly discovered that the compositions disclosed herein form foams and coatings that are solvent-assisted degradable, as further described herein.

[0103] The coatings and foams formed from the compositions disclosed demonstrate: (i) an expansion volume ratio (i.e., initial density / final density), wherein the initial density is determined by dividing the mass of total composition excluding the blowing agent by the respective volume and the final density is determined by dividingthe mass of a cured sample by the respective volume at 25°C of at least 3, such as at least 5, such as at least 10, such as no more than 80, such as no more than 60, such as no more than 50, such as 3 to 80, such as 5 to 60, such as 10 to 50; (ii) a compression strength at yield or 13% displacement of at least 0.1 MPa as measured by ASTM D1621-16 using an INSTRON 5567 machine, such as at least 1 MPa, such as at least 5 MPa, such as no more than 30 MPa, such as 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa, such as 1 MPa to 30 MPa, such as 5 MPa to 30 MPa; and / or (iii) a thermal conductivity of at least 0.01 W / m∙K as measured by a TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer (commercially available from C-therm), such as at least 0.03 W / m∙K, such as at least 0.05 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.5 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.3 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.1 W / m∙K, such as 0.01 W / m∙K to 0.5 W / m∙K, such as 0.03 W / m∙K to 0.3 W / m∙K, such as 0.05 W / m∙K to 0.1 W / m∙K.

[0104] Compositions of the present disclosure may be applied or deposited using any suitable method, including those aforementioned. Alternatively, the composition may be casted, extruded, molded, or machined to form a part or a member in a dried or cured state. 3D Printing

[0105] The compositions disclosed herein may be used in any suitable additive manufacturing technology such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, extrusion, jetting, and binder jetting. Additive manufacturing refers to a process of producing a part or member by constructing it in layers, such as one layer at a time.

[0106] The present disclosure is also directed to the production of structural articles, such as by way of a non-limiting example, sound damping pads, using an additive manufacturing process, such as 3D printing. 3D printing refers to a computerized process, optionally including artificial intelligence modulation, by which materials are printed or deposited in successive layers to produce a 3D part or member, such as, by way of a non-limiting example, sound damping pads in a battery assembly. A 3D part or member may be produced by depositing successive portions or layers over a base of any spatial configuration and thereafter depositing additional portions or layers over the underlying deposited portion or layer and / or adjacent to the previously deposited portion or layer to produce the 3D printed part or member.

[0107] It will be appreciated that the configuration of the 3D printing process, including the selection of suitable deposition equipment, depends on factors such as the deposition volume,the viscosity of the composition, and the complexity of the part being fabricated. Any suitable mixing, delivery, and 3D printing equipment, as known to those skilled in the art, may be used. Compositions may be printed or deposited in any size and / or shape of droplets or extrudate, and in any patterns to produce the 3D structure.

[0108] Compositions as disclosed herein may be applied or deposited by any suitable 3D printing method as known to those skilled in the art. The first component and the second component of the compositions disclosed herein may be mixed and then deposited, or the first component and the second component may be deposited separately, such as simultaneously or sequentially.

[0109] The first component and the second component may be premixed, i.e., mixed together, prior to application, and then deposited. The mixture may be partially reacted or thermoset when the material is deposited; the deposited reaction mixture may react after deposition and may also react with previously deposited portions and / or subsequently deposited portions of the article such as underlying layers or overlying layers of the article.

[0110] In a non-limiting example, the first component and the second component may be released from their individual storage containers and pushed, such as pumped through conduits, such as hoses, to a mixer, such as a static or dynamic mixer, wherein the composition may be mixed for a time sufficient to homogenize the composition, wherein the composition may then be released through an outlet. The outlet may be a deposition device, such as a printing head, and / or the materials may exit the mixing unit and be pushed, such as by a pump, through a conduit, such as a hose, to the printing head. The printing head may optionally be mounted on a 3D rotational robotic arm to allow delivery of 3D print compositions to any base in any spatial configuration and / or the base may be manipulated in any spatial configuration during the 3D printing process.

[0111] Alternatively, the first component and the second component may be deposited independently from different printing heads. The first component may be deposited from one printing head and the second component may be deposited from a second printing head. The first component and the second component may be deposited in any pattern such that the first component and the second component comprising any deposited layer can react together as well as react with underlying and / or overlying layers to produce the 3D printed part or member.

[0112] Methods provided by the present disclosure include printing the composition on a fabricated part. Methods provided by the present disclosure include directly printing parts.

[0113] Using the methods provided by the present disclosure parts can be fabricated. The entire part can be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein, one or more portions of a part can be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein, one or more different portions of a part can be formed using the compositions disclosed herein, and / or one or more surfaces of a part can be formed from a composition provided by the present disclosure. In addition, internal regions of a part can be formed from a composition provided by the present disclosure. Dielectric Coating Compositions and Dielectric Coatings and Dielectric Systems and Kits

[0114] Also disclosed herein are dielectric coating systems. The dielectric coating system may comprise: a first composition for application to a first portion of a substrate surface, the first composition comprising a dielectric coating composition; and a second composition for application to a second portion of a substrate surface, the second composition comprising any of the compositions disclosed above that, in a cured state, may form a second coating. The first portion and the second portion may be on a single substrate or may be on a first substrate and a second substrate, respectively.

[0115] Also disclosed herein are dielectric coating kits. The dielectric coating kit may comprise: a first composition for application to a first portion of a substrate surface, the first composition comprising a dielectric coating composition; and a second composition for application to a second portion of a substrate surface, the second composition comprising any of the compositions disclosed above that, in a cured state, may form a second coating. The first portion and the second portion may be on a single substrate or may be on a first substrate and a second substrate, respectively. The kit optionally may comprise instructions for applying the first composition and the second composition to the first portion and the second portion of the substrate surface, respectively.

[0116] When used with respect to the dielectric coating systems and kits disclosed herein, the first portion and the second portion may be the same or different, provided that the first portion and the second portion overlap to form a coating stack, e.g., a second coating on a dielectric coating. Such a coating stack does not preclude the possibility of coatings in addition to the dielectric coating and the second coating, wherein such additional coatings may or may notbe between the dielectric coating and the second coating. Optionally, the coating stack may be formed between two substrates.

[0117] The dielectric coating may be formed on a first portion of a surface of a first substrate and the second coating be formed on a second portion of a surface of a second substrate and the substrates may be positioned such that the first portion and the second portion overlap to form a coating stack as described above.

[0118] As used herein, “dielectric” refers to a coating composition or coating comprising a dielectric strength of at least 10 kV / mm measured using a Sefelec Dielectric Strength Tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV, Imax Limit 0.1 mA, 19 sec ramp, 20 sec dwell, 2 sec fall) according to ASTM D149-09, such as at least 12 kV / mm, such as at least 15 kV / mm.

[0119] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a binder comprising a film- forming resin. As used herein, “film-forming resin” refers to one or more monomers, oligomers, prepolymers and / or polymers, such as homopolymers and / or copolymers, that can form a coating upon reaction with a curing agent or crosslinker, upon evaporation of a solvent, and / or upon photo or thermal activation. The dielectric coating composition may comprise any suitable film- forming resin, including organic film-forming resins and / or inorganic film-forming resins, such as silicon-based film-forming resins. Examples of suitable film-forming resins include but are not limited to polyester, alkyd, urethane, isocyanate, polyurea, epoxy, acrylic, polyether, polysulfide, polyamine, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyolefin, polysiloxane, amine-aldehydes, resinous polyols, phosphatized polyepoxides, phosphatized acrylic polymers, and / or aminoplasts.

[0120] The dielectric coating composition may optionally comprise a curing agent and / or a crosslinker that is capable of crosslinking with the film-forming resin to cure the dielectric coating composition. Any suitable curing agent and / or crosslinker that is capable of crosslinking with the film-forming resin may be used. Examples of suitable curing agents include but are not limited to amines, aminoplasts, phenoplasts, polyisocyanates, including blocked polyisocyanates, polyepoxides, beta-hydroxyalkylamides, polyacids, organometallic acid-functional materials, polyamines, polyamides, polysulfides, polythiols, polyenes such as polyacrylates, polyols, and / or polysilanes, and the like.

[0121] The dielectric coating composition may optionally further comprise colorants, pigments, additives, and / or fillers. Suitable fillers that may be used in the dielectric coatingcomposition include TC / EI filler materials, TC / EC filler materials, and / or NTC / EI filler materials.

[0122] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermoset coating composition, wherein the coating composition is cured upon crosslinking of a film-forming resin and a curing agent and / or crosslinker. Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermoplastic coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises a film-forming resin that cures upon evaporation of water and / or solvent. Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermoset or thermoplastic coating composition that cures upon exposure to actinic radiation, such as ultraviolet light.

[0123] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a liquid coating composition or a powder coating composition. As used herein, when referring to a dielectric coating composition, “liquid” means a material having a viscosity less than 100,000 Pa∙s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.5 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0124] Suitable liquid coating compositions include but are not limited to electrodepositable coating compositions, one-component coating compositions, and / or multi- component coating compositions.

[0125] For example, the liquid dielectric coating composition may comprise an electrodepositable coating composition. The electrodepositable coating composition may comprise one or more cationic or anionic salt group-containing film-forming resins that may be deposited onto a metal or other conductive substrate under the influence of an applied electrical potential, i.e., by electrodeposition.

[0126] In other examples, the liquid dielectric coating composition may comprise a UV- curable coating composition comprising film-forming resins capable of curing upon exposure to UV radiation. Any suitable UV-curable film-forming resin may be used, such as free radical polymerizable resins containing ethylenic unsaturation or olefinic double bonds and / or film- forming resins that may react through a cationic photopolymerization mechanism. Examples of suitable UV-curable coating compositions that may be used include but are not limited to the RAYCRON line of UV-curable coatings, commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc.

[0127] Other suitable liquid dielectric coating compositions include but are not limited to the SPECTRACRON line of solvent-based coating compositions and the AQUACRON line ofwater-based coating compositions, all commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc. The liquid dielectric coating may also be applied as a two-component composition where the film- forming resins and the reactive curing agent and / or crosslinker are mixed just before application of the coating composition and may optionally cure under ambient conditions without any external energy source.

[0128] Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a powder coating composition. As used herein, “powder coating composition” refers to any dielectric coating composition in the form of a co-reactable solid in particulate form which may be substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of water and / or solvent. Suitable film-forming resins useful in dielectric powder coating compositions include those discussed in PCT Publ. No. WO 2021 / 173941A1, pars.

[0006] to

[0042] ,

[0057] to

[0068] ,

[0088] to

[0105] and

[0128] to

[0139] , incorporated herein by reference. Non-limiting examples of suitable powder compositions that may be used in the present disclosure include the polyester-based ENVIROCRON line of powder coating compositions (commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc.), silicon modified polyester compositions, epoxy-polyester hybrid compositions, and / or UV-curable powder compositions.

[0129] The dielectric coating composition may be applied to a substrate by any suitable method known in the art, including but not limited to electrodeposition, coil coating, spraying, such as electrostatic spraying, flow coating, spin coating, curtain coating, brushing, dipping, hot- melt extrusion, application of a film, and / or by the use of a fluidized bed. Once applied to the substrate, the dielectric coating composition may be cured by any method known in the art, such as baking, induction heating, infrared heating, and / or exposure to actinic radiation such as UV.

[0130] A dielectric coating may comprise a dielectric strength of at least 10 kV / mm measured using a Sefelec Dielectric Strength Tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax Limit 0.1 mA, 19 sec ramp, 20 sec dwell, 2 sec fall) according to ASTM D149-09, such as at least 12 kV / mm, such as at least 15 kV / mm. The dielectric coating may comprise a dielectric strength of no more than 120 kV / mm measured using a Sefelec Dielectric Strength Tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax Limit 0.1 mA, 19 sec ramp, 20 sec dwell, 2 sec fall) according to ASTM D149-09, such as no more than 100 kV / mm. The dielectric coating may comprise a dielectric strength of 10 kV / mm to 120 kV / mm measured using a Sefelec Dielectric Strength Tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax Limit 0.1 mA, 19sec ramp, 20 sec dwell, 2 sec fall) according to ASTM D149-09, such as 12 kV / mm to 100 kV / mm, such as 15 kV / mm to 100 kV / mm.

[0131] The dielectric coating may be formulated as a hot-melt or a film. As used herein, a “film” refers to a sheet comprising a cured composition that may be formed independent of a substrate surface. The film may optionally comprise an adhesive layer, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive layer.

[0132] Compositions of the present disclosure may be applied or deposited using any suitable method, including those aforementioned. Using the methods provided by the present disclosure, articles may be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein. Use of the Compositions and Coatings

[0133] The compositions disclosed herein may be used to form foams and coatings that are solvent-assisted degradable. That foam may be formed as a part, a pad, a pottant, or the like. The foams formed from the compositions disclosed herein demonstrate: (i) an expansion volume ratio (i.e., initial density / final density), wherein the initial density is determined by dividing the mass of total composition excluding the blowing agent by the respective volume and the final density is determined by dividing the mass of a cured sample by the respective volume at 25°C of at least 3, such as at least 5, such as at least 10, such as no more than 80, such as no more than 60, such as no more than 50, such as 3 to 80, such as 5 to 60, such as 10 to 50; (ii) a compression strength at yield or 13% displacement of at least 0.1 MPa as measured by ASTM D1621-16 using an INSTRON 5567 machine, such as at least 1 MPa, such as at least 0.2 MPa, such as at least 5 MPa, such as no more than 30 MPa, such as 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa, such as 1 MPa to 30 MPa, such as 5 MPa to 30 MPa; and / or (iii) a thermal conductivity of at least 0.01 W / m∙K as measured by a TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer (commercially available from C-therm), such as at least 0.03 W / m∙K, such as at least 0.05 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.5 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.3 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.1 W / m∙K, such as 0.01 W / m∙K to 0.5 W / m∙K, such as 0.03 W / m∙K to 0.3 W / m∙K, such as 0.05 W / m∙K to 0.1 W / m∙K.

[0134] In examples, the composition may be applied as a liquid which hardens or cures into a solid after being applied to a substrate surface or injected into a space having a volume. In examples, the liquid composition may flow to fill a portion of the volume of thespace. For example, the components of the compositions of the present disclosure (i.e., the first, second, etc. components) may be mixed together at ambient conditions as described above as a liquid that hardens to form a foam after reaction of the polyisocyanate and the polyol. It was surprisingly discovered that foams formed from the compositions of the present disclosure may demonstrate solvent-assisted degradability. Substrates

[0135] Compositions described herein may be coated or deposited on, or otherwise contacted with, any substrate or surface, such as, but not limited to, metals or metal alloys, polymeric materials, such as plastics, including filled and unfilled thermoplastic or thermoset materials, and / or composite materials. Other suitable substrates include, but are not limited to, glass or natural materials such as wood. Substrates may include two or more of any different materials in any combination, such as, but not limited to, two different metals, or a metal and a metal alloy, or a metal and a metal alloy and one or more composite materials.

[0136] Suitable substrates may include, but are not limited to, both flexible and rigid metal substrates such as ferrous metals, aluminum, aluminum alloys, magnesium, titanium, copper, and other metal and alloy substrates. The ferrous metal substrates may include, for example, iron, steel, and alloys thereof. Non-limiting examples of useful steel materials include cold rolled steel, nickel-plated cold rolled steel, galvanized (zinc coated) steel, electrogalvanized steel, stainless steel, pickled steel, zinc-iron alloy such as GALVANNEAL, and combinations thereof. Aluminum alloys, such as those, for example, of the 1XXX, 2XXX, 3XXX, 4XXX, 5XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX, or 8XXX series as well as clad aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys, such as those, for example, of the A356, 1XX.X, 2XX.X, 3XX.X, 4XX.X, 5XX.X, 6XX.X, 7XX.X, or 8XX.X series also may be used as the substrate. The substrate also may comprise, for example, magnesium, such as magnesium alloys of the AZ31B, AZ91C, AM60B, or EV31A series, titanium and / or titanium alloys, such as those of grades 1-36 including H grade variants, copper and copper alloys, or other non-ferrous metals, as well as alloys of these materials. The substrate may comprise a composite material such as a plastic, fiberglass and / or carbon fiber composite.

[0137] It will also be understood that the substrate may comprise a bare substrate or the substrate may be pretreated or pre-coated with one or more layers. Suitable pretreatment solutions may include but are not limited to a zinc phosphate pretreatment solution such as, forexample, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,793,867 and 5,588,989, or a zirconium containing pretreatment solution such as, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,749,368 and 8,673,091.

[0138] The substrate may be in any form, such as, without limitation, a sheet, a foil, a laminate foil, a pad, a fabricated part, a component, or an article. Compositions comprising the materials disclosed herein may be used to coat a substrate, such as by depositing, applying, or contacting the compositions to a substrate surface. The compositions, in a cured state, may be used in any form, such as but not limited to, a coating, a sealant, an adhesive, a structural adhesive, a pottant, or an encapsulant, such as a solid or gel, such as a pad formed in-situ or a discrete pre-manufactured or pre-formed pad.

[0139] In examples, the substrate may be a multi-metal article. As used herein, the term “multi-metal article” refers to (1) an article that has one surface comprised of a first metal and one surface comprised of a second metal that is different from the first metal, (2) a first article that has one surface comprised of a first metal and a second article that has one surface comprised of a second metal that is different from the first metal, or (3) both (1) and (2).

[0140] The compositions disclosed herein are not limited and may be particularly suitable for use in various industrial or transportation applications including automotive applications, commercial applications, rail locomotive, marine applications, and / or aerospace applications. Suitable substrates for use in the present disclosure include those that are used in the assembly of vehicular bodies (for example, without limitation, door, body panel, trunk deck lid, roof panel, hood, roof, and / or stringers, rivets, landing gear components, and / or skins used on an aircraft), vehicular frames, vehicular parts, motorcycles, wheels, and industrial structures and components. As used herein, “vehicle” or variations thereof includes, but is not limited to, civilian and military vehicles, such as automobiles, motorcycles, and / or trucks, light and heavy commercial vehicles, and / or civilian and military aircraft. Suitable substrates also include appliances, personal electronic devices, circuit boards, and / or battery cells.

[0141] FIGS. 1 to 9 illustrate non-limiting examples of battery assembly components and constructions as well as non-limiting applications or use of compositions as disclosed herein in said battery assemblies. Although FIGS. 1 to 9 illustrate specific examples of cell shapes and cell arrangements, cells may be arranged in any configuration known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, the compositions disclosed herein, in a cured state, may be used to form pads,adhesives, structural adhesives, coatings, pottants and the like, to provide thermal protection between battery cells, within battery modules and / or within battery packs. These materials may be used on any surface or in any space within such battery assemblies. For example, compositions disclosed herein also may be useful in battery assemblies including, but not limited to, cell to module (FIGS. 3, 4, 6B), module to pack (FIGS. 6C, 7), cell to pack (FIG. 8), and cell to chassis battery assemblies (FIG. 9). Such battery assemblies may be used in, but not limited to, any aforementioned application.

[0142] Battery assemblies may be any combination of one or more battery cells, the interconnects which provide electrical conductivity between them, as well as ancillary components such as, in non-limiting examples, control electronics and components that ensure the necessary structural, mechanical, and environmental requirements for the operation of a specific battery (for example, without limitation, cell interconnectors such as wires, battery pack enclosures including trays and lids, module enclosures, module frames and frame plates, module racking, cooling and heating components including cooling plates, cooling fins, and cooling tubes, electrical busbars, battery management systems, battery thermal management systems, chargers, inverters and converters).

[0143] Battery cells 10 are generally single unit energy storage containers that may be connected in series or in parallel. Battery cells may be any suitable size or shape known to those skilled in the art, such as but not limited to, cylindrical (FIGS. 1, 4 and 9), prismatic (FIGS. 2, 5- 8) and / or pouch (FIG. 3). Battery cells 10 are enclosed to provide desired mechanical protection and environmental isolation of the cell. For example, cylindrical and prismatic cells may be encased in metal cans, cases, and lids, while pouch cells may be enclosed in multilayer laminate foils. Battery terminals 1 connect the electrodes inside the battery cell to the electrical circuit outside the battery cell, with one being a positive terminal and the other being a negative terminal. As illustrated in FIG. 4, battery cells 10 may be connected by interconnector wires 5 with other battery cells 10 in series or in parallel to enable an electric current to flow between cells 10.

[0144] As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, battery cells 10 may be arranged in modules 100 comprising multiple cells 10 connected in series or in parallel. The modules 100 may include an enclosure of the arranged cells 10. Ancillary components, such as those aforementioned, may beincluded. Spaces of any dimensions may be located between the plurality of cells, ancillary components, base, and / or any interior surface of the module wall or other enclosure 120.

[0145] FIG. 1 illustrates a top-down view of cylindrical battery cells 10 having terminals 1. As shown, the cells are arranged in rows with either cooling tubes 3 or dielectric insulation paper (e-paper) 4 between them. As shown, materials, such as adhesive 6 and / or pottants 7 optionally formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a cured state, may be positioned between the cells 10, cooling tubes 3 and / or e-paper 4.

[0146] FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded isometric view of an array of prismatic battery cells 10. As shown, each prismatic cell 10 may comprise a top 11, a bottom 12, and walls 13 positioned between the top and bottom and each having a surface. As shown, materials, such as pads 8 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a cured state, may be positioned between surfaces of cell walls 13 of adjacent cells 10.

[0147] FIG. 3 illustrates a cut-out front view of an array of pouch battery cells 10 in a module 100. The module walls 120 partially or fully encase the cells 10. As shown, materials, such as pads 8 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a cured state, may be positioned between surfaces of cells 10.

[0148] FIG. 4 illustrates an isometric view of cylindrical cells 10 in a battery module 100. Each cell may comprise a top 11, a bottom 12, and walls 13 positioned between the top and bottom and each having a surface. The top 11 and the bottom 12 may be oppositely charged terminals with one being a positive terminal 1 and the other being a negative terminal (not shown). The battery cells may be connected at their terminals by interconnectors such as wires 5 and the like to enable an electric current to flow between the electric cells. The module 100 or module walls 120 may form a space having a volume. The cells 10 may be positioned within the space to consume a portion of the volume. The material, such as a pottant 7 formed from the coating compositions disclosed herein may be positioned within the space to consume a portion of the volume such that the material is adjacent to a surface of a cell wall 13 and / or an interior surface of one or more of the walls 120 of the module 100.

[0149] FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded perspective view of a battery module 100 comprised of one or more arrays of battery cells 10, a cooling fin 230, and a cooling plate 240. Materials, such as pads 8 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a cured state, may be positioned between cells 10. Additional pads 8 may be positioned between the cells 10, thecooling fin 230, the cooling plate 240, and / or an interior surface of walls 120. Other pads 8 may be positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the walls 120.

[0150] FIG. 6 illustrates an isometric view of a battery cell 10 (FIG. 6A) to battery module 100 (FIG. 6B) to battery pack 200 (FIG. 6C) battery assembly. The battery module 100 comprises a plurality of battery cells 10 and the battery pack 200 comprises a plurality of battery modules 100.

[0151] FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a battery pack 200 cutout. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules 100 and cells 10 within each module 100. The base of the battery pack 200 comprises a cooling plate 240. Materials, such as adhesives, 9 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a cured state, may be positioned between the cooling plate 240 and interior surface of a wall of the battery pack 200. Materials, such as pads 8 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a cured state, may be positioned between cells 10 within modules 100.

[0152] FIG. 8 illustrates an isometric view of a cell 10 to pack battery 200 assembly. Cells 10 are arranged within the pack 200 (without being in separate modules).

[0153] In other cases, the battery cells may be arranged on or within an article such as, but not limited to, a cell to chassis battery assembly, as illustrated in FIG. 9, wherein one or more cells is used to construct the battery assembly without prior assembly of the cells into modules and / or packs. FIG. 9 illustrates an isometric cut-out view of a cell to chassis battery assembly 300. Cells 10 are arranged on a base comprising the undercarriage 55 and supported by the vehicle frame 45 and under the vehicle interior floor 35.

[0154] Any battery assembly may further comprise a thermal management system comprising air or fluid circuits which may be liquid based (for example glycol solutions) or direct refrigerant based.

[0155] The substrate may comprise a coating formed by one of the compositions disclosed herein that, in a cured state, has:

[0156] (i) an expansion volume ratio (i.e., initial density / final density), wherein the initial density is determined by dividing the mass of total composition excluding the blowing agent by the respective volume and the final density is determined by dividing the mass of a cured sample by the respective volume at 25°C of at least 3, such as at least 5, such as at least 10,such as no more than 80, such as no more than 60, such as no more than 50, such as 3 to 80, such as 5 to 60, such as 10 to 50;

[0157] (ii) a compression strength at yield or 13% displacement of at least 0.1 MPa as measured by ASTM D1621-16 using an INSTRON 5567 machine, such as at least 1 MPa, such as at least 5 MPa, such as no more than 30 MPa, such as 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa, such as 1 MPa to 30 MPa, such as 5 MPa to 30 MPa; and / or

[0158] (iii) a thermal conductivity of at least 0.01 W / m∙K as measured by a TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer (commercially available from C-therm), such as at least 0.03 W / m∙K, such as at least 0.05 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.5 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.3 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.1 W / m∙K, such as 0.01 W / m∙K to 0.5 W / m∙K, such as 0.03 W / m∙K to 0.3 W / m∙K, such as 0.05 W / m∙K to 0.1 W / m∙K. Definitions

[0159] For purposes of this detailed description, it is to be understood that the disclosure may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary.

[0160] The numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard variation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0161] Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of “1 to 10” is intended to include all sub-ranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1 and the recited maximum value of 10, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10.

[0162] As used herein, “including,” “containing,” and like terms are understood in the context of this application to be synonymous with “comprising” and are therefore open-ended and do not exclude the presence of additional undescribed or unrecited elements, materials, ingredients, or method steps. As used herein, “consisting of” is understood in the context of this application to exclude the presence of any unspecified element, ingredient, or method step. As used herein, “consisting essentially of” is understood in the context of this application to include the specified elements, materials, or ingredients or method steps “and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s)” of what is being described.

[0163] In addition, in this application, the use of “or” means “and / or” unless specifically stated otherwise, even though “and / or” may be explicitly used in certain instances.

[0164] As used herein, the terms “on,” “onto,” “applied on,” “applied onto,” “formed on,” “deposited on,” deposited onto,” and the like mean formed, overlaid, deposited, or provided on, but not necessarily in contact with, a substrate surface. For example, a composition “applied onto” a substrate surface does not preclude the present of one or more intervening coatings of the same or different composition located between the composition and the substrate surface.

[0165] As used herein, a “composition” or “coating composition” refers to a solution, mixture, or a dispersion that is capable of producing a coating on a surface of a substrate.

[0166] As used herein, “coating” includes films, layers, and the like.

[0167] As used herein, a “sealing composition” refers to a curable composition that, when cured, forms a seal.

[0168] As used herein, a “seal” refers to a cured coating that has the ability to resist atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and moisture gradients and particulate matter, such as moisture and temperature, and block transmission of materials, such as particulates, water, fuel, and other liquids and gasses.

[0169] As used herein, an “adhesive composition” refers to a curable composition that, when cured, forms an adhesive or structural adhesive.

[0170] As used herein, an “adhesive” refers to a cured coating that produces a load- bearing joint, such as a load-bearing joint having a lap shear strength of at least 0.05 MPa and less than 5 MPa, as determined according to ASTM D1002-10 using an Instron 5567 machine in tensile mode with a pull rate of 1 mm per minute.

[0171] As used herein, a “structural adhesive” refers to a cured coating that produces a load-bearing joint having a lap shear strength of at least 5 MPa measured according to ASTM D1002-10 using an Instron 5567 machine in tensile mode with a pull rate of 1.3 mm per minute.

[0172] As used herein, a “gap filler composition” refers to a curable composition that, when cured, forms a gap filler.

[0173] As used herein, a “gap filler” refers to a coating that fills a gap.

[0174] As used herein, a “foam” refers to a material comprising pockets of gas in a liquid or a solid.

[0175] As used herein, a “rigid foam” refers to a foam having a compression stress of greater than 0.1 MPa.

[0176] As used herein, a “flexible foam” refers to a foam having a compression stress less than or equal to 0.1 MPa.

[0177] As used herein, a “pottant composition” refers to a curable composition that, when cured, forms a pottant.

[0178] As used herein, a “pottant” refers to an encapsulant.

[0179] As used herein, a “pre-preg” refers to a composition pre-impregnating reinforcement fiber prior to cure.

[0180] As further defined herein, ambient conditions generally refer to room temperature (e.g., 23°C) and humidity conditions or temperature and humidity conditions that are typically found in the area in which the composition is applied to a substrate, e.g., at 10°C to 40°C and 5% to 80% relative humidity, while slightly thermal conditions are temperatures that are slightly above ambient temperature, but are generally below the curing temperature for the composition (i.e., in other words, at temperatures and humidity conditions below which the reactive components will readily react and cure, e.g., > 40°C and less than 220°C at 20% to 80% relative humidity).

[0181] As used herein, the term “two-component” or “2K” refers to a composition in which a portion of the reactive components readily associate to form an interaction or react to form a bond (physically or chemically), i.e., cure without activation from an external energy source, such as at ambient or slightly thermal conditions, when mixed. One of skill in the art understands that the two components of the composition are stored separately from each other and mixed just prior to application of the composition. Two-component compositions may optionally be heated or baked, as described below.

[0182] As used herein, the terms “cure,” “cured,” “curing,” or the like, means that the components that form the composition are crosslinked (i.e., interact and / or react) to form a coating or a bond. In the case of a 2K composition, the compositions begin to cure when the components of the composition are mixed resulting in the reaction of the reactive functional groups of the components of the composition.

[0183] The term “curable,” as used, for example, in connection with a coating composition, means that the composition is able to be cured under ambient or slightly thermal conditions.

[0184] As used herein, unless indicated otherwise, “substantially free” refers to a particular material that is not purposefully added to a mixture or composition, respectively, and is present only as an impurity in a trace amount of less than 0.1% by weight based on total weight of the mixture or composition, respectively. As used herein, unless indicated otherwise, “essentially free” means that a particular material is not purposefully added to a mixture or composition and is present only as an impurity in a trace amount of less than 0.01% by weight based on total weight of the mixture or composition, respectively. As used herein, unless indicated otherwise, “completely free” means that a mixture or composition, respectively, does not comprise a particular material, i.e., the mixture or composition comprises 0% by weight of such material based on total weight of the mixture or composition.

[0185] As used herein, “liquid” refers to a material having a viscosity of no more than 3,000 Pa∙s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.5 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0186] As used herein, “solid” refers to a material having a viscosity of greater than 3,000 Pa∙s at 25°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.5 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0187] As used herein, “solvent-assisted degradable,” “solvent-assisted degradability,” and the like refers to a substance, such as a coating, that degrades upon exposure to a solvent or a blend of solvents capable of cleaving a disulfide bond, such as a reducing agent.

[0188] As used herein, a “reducing agent” refers to a compound that donates electrons.

[0189] In view of the foregoing description the present disclosure thus relates to the following Aspects 1 to 103 without being limited thereto.

[0190] 1. A composition comprising: a first component comprising a polyisocyanate; a second component comprising a first polyol; an accelerator; a blowing agent; and a diluent,wherein the polyisocyanate and / or the first polyol comprise a polysulfide linkage.

[0191] 2. The composition of aspect 1, wherein the polyisocyanate comprising the polysulfide linkage comprises a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) an isocyanate reactant and (ii) a polysulfide-linkage containing compound.

[0192] 3. The composition of aspect 1 or aspect 2, wherein the polyisocyanate comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as at least 2% by weight.

[0193] 4. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as no more than 20% by weight.

[0194] 5. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as 2% by weight to 20% by weight.

[0195] 6. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 15% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds.

[0196] 7. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of 3% by weight to 15% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds.

[0197] 8. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate has an average isocyanate functionality of at least 1.5, such as at least 1.9.

[0198] 9. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate has an average isocyanate functionality of no more than 8, such as no more than 3.

[0199] 10. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate has an average isocyanate functionality in a range of 1.5 to 8, such as 1.9 to 3.

[0200] 11. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the composition is substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of a monofunctional isocyanate.

[0201] 12. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate has an equivalent weight of at least 100 g / eq, such as at least 175 g / eq.

[0202] 13. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate has an equivalent of no more than 1,500 g / eq, such as no more than 500 g / eq.

[0203] 14. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate has an equivalent weight in a range of 100 g / eq to 1,500 g / eq, such as 175 g / eq to 500 g / eq.

[0204] 15. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polyisocyanate comprises a functional group in addition to the polyisocyanate functional groups.

[0205] 16. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol has an average hydroxyl functionality of greater than 1, such as at least 5.

[0206] 17. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol has an average hydroxyl functionality of equal to or less than 15, such as equal to or less than 8.

[0207] 18. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol has an average hydroxyl functionality in a range of greater than 1 to 15, such as 5 to 8.

[0208] 19. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of at least 24 g / eq, such as at least 75 g / eq.

[0209] 20. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of no more than 5,000 g / eq, such as no more than 500 g / eq.

[0210] 21. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol has a hydroxyl equivalent weight in a range of 24 g / eq to 5,000 g / eq, such as 75 g / eq to 500 g / eq.

[0211] 22. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol comprising the polysulfide linkage comprises a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a polyol reactant and (ii) a polysulfide-linkage containing compound.

[0212] 23. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as at least 2% by weight.

[0213] 24. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of at least 3% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds.

[0214] 25. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as no more than 20% by weight.

[0215] 26. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as 2% by weight to 20% by weight.

[0216] 27. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 15% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds.

[0217] 28. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first polyol comprises the polysulfide linkage in an amount of 3% by weight to 15% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds.

[0218] 29. The composition of any preceding aspect, further comprising a second polyol.

[0219] 30. The composition of aspect 29, wherein the second polyol is present in the second component and / or a third component.

[0220] 31. The composition of aspect 29 or aspect 30, wherein the second polyol is substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of a polysulfide linkage.

[0221] 32. The composition of any aspect 29 to 31, wherein the second polyol has an average hydroxyl functionality of more than 1, such as at least 3.

[0222] 33. The composition of any aspect 29 to 32, wherein the second polyol has an average hydroxyl functionality of no more than 15, such as no more than 6.

[0223] 34. The composition of any aspect 29 to 33, wherein the second polyol has an average hydroxyl functionality in a range of more than 1 to 15, such as 3 to 6.

[0224] 35. The composition of any aspect 29 to 34, wherein the second polyol has an equivalent weight of at least 24 g / eq, such as at least 50 g / eq.

[0225] 36. The composition of any aspect 29 to 35, wherein the second polyol has an equivalent weight of no more than 1,600 g / eq, such as no more than 1,200 g / eq.

[0226] 37. The composition of any aspect 29 to 36, wherein the second polyol has an equivalent weight in a range of 24 g / eq to 1,600 g / eq, such as 50 g / eq to 1,200 g / eq.

[0227] 38. The composition of any aspect 29 to 37, wherein the second polyol comprises a secondary polyol.

[0228] 39. The composition of any preceding aspect, further comprising an amine.

[0229] 40. The composition of aspect 39, wherein the amine is present in the second component and / or a third component.

[0230] 41. The composition of aspect 39 or aspect 40, wherein the amine comprises a primary amine, a secondary amine, a polyamine, and / or an aromatic amine.

[0231] 42. The composition of aspect 41, wherein the polyamine comprises a diamine.

[0232] 43. The composition of any aspect 39 to 42, wherein the amine is substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of a polysulfide linkage.

[0233] 44. The composition of any aspect 39 to 43, wherein the amine comprises a liquid amine.

[0234] 45. The composition of any aspect 39 to 44, wherein the amine has an amine equivalent weight of at least 24 g / eq, such as at least 200 g / eq.

[0235] 46. The composition of any aspect 39 to 45, wherein the amine has an amine equivalent weight of no more than 2,000 g / eq, such as no more than 1,000 g / eq.

[0236] 47. The composition of any aspect 39 to 46, wherein the amine has an amine equivalent weight in a range of 24 g / eq to 2,000 g / eq, such as 200 g / eq to 1,000 g / eq.

[0237] 48. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the accelerator is present in the second component and / or a third component.

[0238] 49. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the accelerator comprises an amine-based catalyst and / or a metal-based catalyst.

[0239] 50. The composition of aspect 49, wherein the amine-based catalyst comprises a tertiary amine.

[0240] 51. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the accelerator comprises a latent accelerator.

[0241] 52. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the accelerator in an amount of at least 0.01% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 0.1% by weight.

[0242] 53. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the accelerator in an amount of no more than 10% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 1% by weight.

[0243] 54. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the accelerator in an amount in a range of 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 0.1% by weight to 1% by weight.

[0244] 55. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the blowing agent comprises a physical blowing agent and / or a chemical blowing agent.

[0245] 56. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the blowing agent in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 5% by weight.

[0246] 57. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the blowing agent in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10% by weight.

[0247] 58. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the blowing agent in an amount in a range of 0.1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 5% by weight to 10% by weight.

[0248] 59. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the diluent in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 5% by weight.

[0249] 60. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the diluent in an amount of no more than 50% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10% by weight.

[0250] 61. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the diluent in an amount in a range of 1% by weight to 50% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 5% by weight to 10% by weight.

[0251] 62. The composition of any preceding aspect, further comprising a flame retardant.

[0252] 63. The composition of aspect 62, wherein the flame retardant is present in the first component, the second component, and / or a third component.

[0253] 64. The composition of aspect 62 or aspect 63, comprising the flame retardant in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 10% by weight.

[0254] 65. The composition of any aspect 62 to 64, comprising the flame retardant in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 15% by weight.

[0255] 66. The composition of any aspect 62 to 65, comprising the flame retardant in an amount in a range of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 10% by weight to 15% by weight.

[0256] 67. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, further comprising an additive.

[0257] 68. The composition of aspect 67, comprising the additive in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 2% by weight.

[0258] 69. The composition of aspect 67 or aspect 68, comprising the additive in an amount of no more than 15% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10% by weight.

[0259] 70. The composition of any of aspect 67 to 69, comprising the additive in an amount in a range of 1% by weight to 15% by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 2% by weight to 10% by weight.

[0260] 71. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the composition is substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of solvent.

[0261] 72. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising an equivalence ratio of (i) isocyanate functional groups to (ii) a sum of hydroxyl functional groups and amine functional groups of at least 1:1, such as at least 1.2:1.

[0262] 73. The composition of aspect 72, comprising the equivalence ratio of (i) isocyanate functional groups to (ii) a sum of hydroxyl functional groups and amine functional groups of no more than 4:1, such as no more than 2.5:1.

[0263] 74. The composition of aspect 72 or aspect 73, comprising the equivalence ratio of (i) isocyanate functional groups to (ii) a sum of hydroxyl functional groups and amine functional groups in a range of 1:1 to 4:1, such as 1.2:1 to 2.5:1.

[0264] 75. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first component has a viscosity at 25°C of at least 0.0001 Pa∙s, such as at least 0.005 Pa∙s, wherein the viscosity is measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0265] 76. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first component has a viscosity at 25°C of no more than 3,000 Pa∙s, such as no more than 1,000 Pa∙s, wherein the viscosity is measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0266] 77. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the first component has a viscosity at 25°C in a range of 0.0001 Pa∙s to 3,000 Pa∙s, such as 0.005 Pa∙s to 1,000 Pa∙s, wherein the viscosity is measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0267] 78. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the second component has a viscosity at 25°C of at least 0.0001 Pa∙s, such as at least 0.005 Pa∙s, wherein the viscosity is measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0268] 79. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the second component has a viscosity at 25°C of no more than 3,000 Pa∙s, such as no more than 1,000 Pa∙s, wherein the viscosity is measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0269] 80. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the second component has a viscosity at 25°C in a range of 0.0001 Pa∙s to 3,000 Pa∙s, such as 0.005 Pa∙s to 1,000 Pa∙s, wherein the viscosity is measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.3 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1.

[0270] 81. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the polysulfide linkage in an amount of at least 1% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as at least 2% by weight.

[0271] 82. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the polysulfide linkage in an amount of at least 3% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds.

[0272] 83. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate- containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as no more than 20% by weight.

[0273] 84. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the polysulfide linkage in an amount in a range of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds, such as 2% by weight to 20% by weight.

[0274] 85. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the polysulfide linkage in an amount of no more than 15% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate- containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds.

[0275] 86. The composition of any preceding aspect, comprising the polysulfide linkage in an amount in a range of 3% by weight to 15% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds.

[0276] 87. The composition of any preceding aspect, wherein the polysulfide linkage comprises an aliphatic polysulfide linkage.

[0277] 88. A foam formed from the composition of any preceding aspect.

[0278] 89. The foam of aspect 88, wherein the foam comprises a solvent-assisted degradable foam.

[0279] 90. The foam of aspect 88 or aspect 89, wherein the foam comprises a rigid foam.

[0280] 91. The foam of aspect 88 or aspect 89, wherein the foam comprises a flexible foam.

[0281] 92. A substrate comprising a coating formed from the composition of any aspect 1 to 87.

[0282] 93. A battery comprising the substrate of aspect 92.

[0283] 94. A kit comprising: a first composition for forming a solvent-assisted degradable form, wherein the first composition comprises the composition of any aspect 1 to 87; and a second composition capable of degrading the solvent-assisted degradable foam.

[0284] 95. The kit of claim 94, wherein the second composition comprises a thiol and / or a base.

[0285] 96. A use of the composition of any aspect 1 to 87 to form a foam having an expansion volume ratio defined as an initial density divided by a final density of at least 3, such as at least 10, wherein the initial density is determined by dividing the mass of total composition excluding the blowing agent by the respective volume and the final density is determined by dividing the mass of a cured sample by the respective volume at 25°C.

[0286] 97. The use of aspect 96, to form a foam having an expansion volume ratio defined as an initial density divided by a final density of no more than 80, such as no more than 50, wherein the initial density is determined by dividing the mass of total composition excluding the blowing agent by the respective volume and the final density is determined by dividing the mass of a cured sample by the respective volume at 25°C.

[0287] 98. A use of the composition of any aspect 1 to 87 to form a foam having a compression strength at yield or 13% displacement of at least 0.1 MPa, such as at least 1 MPa, measured according to ASTM D1621-16 using an INSTRON 5567 machine.

[0288] 99. The use of aspect 98, to form a foam having a compression strength at yield or 13% displacement of no more than 30 MPa, measured according to ASTM D1621-16 using an INSTRON 5567 machine.

[0289] 100. A use of the composition of any aspect 1 to 87 to form a foam having a thermal conductivity of at least 0.01 W / m∙K, such as at least 0.05 W / m∙K, measured by a TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer (commercially available from C-therm).

[0290] 101. The use of aspect 100, to form a foam having a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.5 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.1 W / m∙K, measured by a TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer (commercially available from C-therm).

[0291] 102. A use of the composition of any aspect 1 to 87 to form a coating having a thermal conductivity of at least 0.01 W / m∙K, such as at least 0.05 W / m∙K, measured by a TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer (commercially available from C-therm).

[0292] 103. The use of aspect 102, to form a coating having a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.5 W / m∙K, such as no more than 0.1 W / m∙K, measured by a TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer (commercially available from C-therm).

[0293] Illustrating the disclosed subject matter are the following examples that are not considered as limiting the disclosure to their details. All parts and percentages in the examples, as well as throughout the specification, are by weight unless otherwise indicated. Examples Example 1 Table 1: Synthesis of Isocyanate Polymer 1 Ingredients Parts by weight

[0294] Part #1 was added to a 500-mil 4-necked round flask equipped with a motor driven stainless steel stir blade, a water-cooled condenser, a nitrogen blanket, and a heating mantle with a thermometer connected through a temperature feedback control device. Part #2 was added dropwise to the contents of the flask. Then the reaction mixture was heated to 80°C. The reaction mixture was maintained at 80°C until NCO equivalent weight was stalled, as determined by titration. Then the reaction mixture was poured out at 40°C. The final NCO equivalent weight was 191.4 g / eq which was determined by titration. The titration was performed by dissolving the isocyanate sample in a solution of n-dibutylamine in the appropriate solvent (e.g., toluene) and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes, followed by dilution with isopropanol. The excess n-dibutylamine was back-titrated with HCl solution.Example 2: Synthesis of Isocyanate Polymer 2 Table 2: Synthesis of Isocyanate Polymer 2 Ingredients Parts by weight Part 1, q pp motor driven stainless steel stir blade, a water-cooled condenser, a nitrogen blanket, and a heating mantle with a thermometer connected through a temperature feedback control device. Part #2 was added dropwise to the contents of flask. Then the reaction mixture was heated to 80°C. The reaction mixture was maintained at 80°C until NCO equivalent weight was stalled, as determined by titration. Then the reaction mixture was poured out at 40°C. The final NCO equivalent weight was 209 g / eq, which was determined by titration as described above. Example 3: Preparation of Compositions

[0296] All quantities in the following tables are measured in terms of weight in grams unless otherwise noted. Compositions 1-10 were prepared using the materials and quantities listed in Table 3. Part A and Part B of each composition were formed by blending the components in Table 1 at the ratios described and mixing for 2 minutes at 2200 RPM using a Dual-Asymmetric Mixer (SpeedMixer®). Viscosity of Part A and Part B was measured on an Anton Paar MCR-92 Rheometer measured by parallel plate rheology at 25°C with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 0.5 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s-1. Next, the corresponding Parts A and B were combined and subsequently mixed vigorously using a spatula for 10–20 seconds and immediately poured into a disposable aluminum pan. The compositions were left to cure in a ventilated fume hood for 2 days at ambient conditions. Composition 9 failed to cure. For the remaining compositions 1 to 8 and 10, the cured foams were cut into dimensions appropriate for evaluating thermal conductivity and compressive properties using a saw. Samples for thermal conductivity testing were prepared in molds with a 2.25" diameter and a thickness of at least 0.5". Samples for compression testing were at least 1" thick and 1.5" in length and width. Thermal conductivity testing was conducted in accordance with ASTM D7984-21 using a C-Therm Thermal Conductivity Instrument (TCI) with the Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS) method. Compressive properties of the foams were tested according to ASTM D1621- 16, as measured by an INSTRON 5567 machine. The results are listed in Table 3.Table 3: Compositions and Test Results for Compositions 1-10 Part A Isocyan Isocyan Diluent TCPP1Diisono Part B Vorano Terate® Diprop 2-hydro Catalys Polycat KOSM Blowin Opteon Surfact Dabco® Disulfi Results Compre Yield ( Compre Yield ( Therma (W / m·KViscosity Part A (Pa∙s)42.19 48.85 55.21 44.01 48.85 48.85 55.21 55.21 365.24 42.19Viscosi*Composition never cured 1 Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (a diluent that is also functioning as a flame retardant) available from Sigma Aldrich 2 Diisononyl phthalate is available from Sigma Aldrich 3 A sucrose / glycerine initiated polyol available from DOW Chemicals 4 An aromatic polyester polyol available from Stepan Company 5 Catalyst available from Evonik 6 Catalyst available from Evonik 7 Foam blowing agent available from Opteon 8 Silicone surfactant available from Evonik

[0297] As shown in Table 3, Composition 2, comprising an isocyanate having a disulfide linkage, exhibited improved compression strain at yield and thermal conductivity and comparable compression stress at yield compared to Composition 1, containing an isocyanate having no disulfide linkage. Additionally, Composition 7, containing a polyol comprising a disulfide and an isocyanate comprising a disulfide linkage, demonstrated high compression strain at yield, adequate compression stress at yield, and comparable thermal conductivity when compared to compositions containing an isocyanate comprising a disulfide linkage alone (Compositions 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8). This demonstrates that compositions comprising a disulfide linkage surprisingly demonstrate comparable compression stress, compression strain, and thermal conductivity compared to compositions that do not comprise a disulfide linkage, while also exhibiting solvent-assisted degradability (shown below in Example 5 and FIG. 10).

[0298] Composition 9 failed to cure entirely, demonstrating the necessity of a diluent to achieve adequate performance. Example 4: Preparation of Solvent Blend

[0299] A blend of solvents (Solvent Blend 1) was prepared by mixing caprolactone, acetone, and ethanol in the proportions indicated in Table 4. Table 4: Preparation of Solvent Blend 1 Solvent Parts by weightce o e s co e c a y a a a e o s e c e c. 3 Ethanol is commercially available from Fisher Scientific. Examples 5: Foam Degradations

[0300] Pieces of foam from compositions 1 to 8 (0.2 g) were cut for degradation studies in solvent. The solvents used included Solvent Blend 1, acetone, ethanol, triethyl phosphate (TEP), heptanes, and water. The Hansen solubility parameters for the solvents used are provided in Table 5. The Hansen solubility parameters refer to the dispersion forces, dipolar intermolecular forces, and hydrogen bonding between two materials, which may be used to predict whether one material will dissolve in the other to form a solution. Hansen solubilityparameters may be calculated based on the methods provided in Díaz de los Ríos, M., Hernández Ramos, E., Determination of the Hansen solubility parameters and the Hansen sphere radius with the aid of the solver add-in of Microsoft Excel. SN Appl. Sci. 2, 676 (2020). As shown in the results provided in FIG. 10, solvents with higher Hansen solubility parameters are more effective at degrading the foam. Table 5: Hansen Solubility Parameters of Solvents Solvent Dispersion forces Dipolar intermolecular Hydrogen bonds energy (δD) forces energy (δP) energy (δH)

[0301] To prepare the solvents with cleaving agents, the solvent (5.0 g), tris- (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (1.0 g), and 3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol (1.0 g) were added to a glass vial (20 mL), and the vial was capped and shaken until well mixed. Each solvent system was tested under three conditions: A = static + cleaving agents (shown in FIG. 10 as static + thiol + base), B = stirring + cleaving agents (shown in FIG. 10 as stirring + thiol + base), and C = stirring with no cleaving agents (shown in FIG. 10 as stirring only). Samples A and B of each solvent system were equipped with a stir bar. To each vial, a 0.2 g piece of foam was added followed by handshaking for 5 seconds. Samples B and C were stirred on a stir plate at 300 rpm while samples A sat static. Degradation was monitored visually over 30 min at timepoints 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Results are provided in FIG. 10.

[0302] These results demonstrate that increasing the concentration of the disulfide linkage in the composition resulted in a faster solvent-assisted degradation rate. For example, Composition 5 (disulfide concentration of 13.9% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate- containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds) degrades much faster than Composition 8 (disulfide concentration of 5.3% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate- containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds). Additionally, the datademonstrate that inclusion of a thiol and a base in the solvent is necessary for degradation. The data further surprisingly demonstrate that complete degradation can be achieved in the absence of stirring. Finally, it was surprisingly demonstrated that, in some instances, complete degradation could be achieved in less than 5 minutes.

[0303] Whereas aspects of the disclosure have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alternatives to those details could be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the arrangements disclosed are meant to be illustrative only and not limited to the scope of the disclosure which is to be given the full breadth of the claims and aspects appended and any and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. We claim:

1. A composition comprising: a first component comprising a polyisocyanate comprising a polysulfide linkage; a second component comprising a first polyol; an accelerator; a blowing agent; and a diluent.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first polyol comprises a polysulfide linkage.

3. A composition comprising: a first component comprising a polyisocyanate; a second component comprising a first polyol comprising a polysulfide linkage in an amount of 1% by weight to 25% by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds and active hydrogen-containing compounds; an accelerator; a blowing agent; and a diluent.

4. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the second component further comprises a second polyol.

5. A composition comprising: a first component comprising a polyisocyanate; a second component comprising (i) a first polyol comprising a polysulfide linkage and (ii) a second polyol comprising an average hydroxyl functionality of greater than 1 to 15 and / or a hydroxyl equivalent weight in a range of 24 g / eq to 1,500 g / eq; an accelerator; a blowing agent; and a diluent.

6. The composition of claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the average hydroxyl functionality of the second polyol is in a range of 2 to 8 and / or the hydroxyl equivalent weight of the second polyol is in a range of 50 g / eq to 1,200 g / eq.

7. The composition of any of claims 3 to 6, wherein the polyisocyanate comprises a polysulfide linkage.

8. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein: the polyisocyanate comprises an isocyanate equivalent weight in a range of 100 g / eq to 1,500 g / eq; and / or the first polyol comprises a hydroxyl equivalent weight in a range of 24 g / eq to 1,600 g / eq.

9. The composition of any of the preceding claims, further comprising an amine.

10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the amine comprises: an amine equivalent weight in a range of 24 g / eq to 2,000 g / eq; a diamine; and / or an aromatic amine.

11. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises an equivalence ratio of (i) isocyanate functional groups to (ii) a sum of hydroxyl functional groups and amine functional groups in a range of 1:1 to 4:

1.

12. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is substantially free of a monofunctional isocyanate and / or sulfone.

13. A method of forming a foam comprising: curing a mixture of the first component and the second component of the composition of any of the preceding claims to form the foam.

14. A method of forming a foam comprising extruding the composition of any of claims 1 to 12.

15. A foam formed from the composition of any of claims 1 to 12.

16. The foam of claim 15, wherein the foam comprises a solvent-assisted degradable foam.

17. A battery, comprising a battery cell and the composition of any of claims 1 to 12 in a cured state.

18. The battery of claim 17, wherein: (a) the battery cell and the composition are housed in a module; (b) the battery cell and the composition are housed in a pack; and / or (c) the battery cell and the composition are adjacent to a vehicle chassis.

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