Voltage source

Abstract

A voltage source, comprising a chassis (10), and a power supply module (20) and N PCB assemblies (30) that are provided in the chassis (10). Each PCB assembly (30) comprises a control module (31), a first isolation module (32), a second isolation module (33), a third-stage filtering module (34), and a DAC and amplifier module (35), wherein the power supply module (20) is sequentially connected to the first isolation module (32), the third-stage filtering module (34) and the DAC and amplifier module (35), the power supply module (20) receives an externally input mains voltage and converts same into a direct-current power source required by the PCB assembly (30), and the third-stage filtering module (34) filters the power resource on the PCB assembly (30); and the control module (31) is sequentially connected to the second isolation module (33) and the DAC and amplifier module (35), the control module (31) communicates with the outside and transmits a control signal to the DAC and amplifier module (35) by means of the second isolation module (33), and the DAC and amplifier module (35) outputs a voltage value on the basis of the control signal. Thus, both an output voltage range and precision stability meet the requirements of superconducting quantum computing, and large-scale deployment costs are reduced.

Description

A voltage source

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] The present application claims priority from the Chinese patent application No. 202411300688.5 filed on September 18, 2024, and entitled "A voltage source", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of power electronics, in particular to a voltage source. BACKGROUND

[0004] In a superconducting quantum system, a single superconducting quantum bit requires one XY control, one Z control and one information readout control. Among them, the Z control is usually a pulse control with bias. Generally, a bias signal and a pulse signal are sent through two independent lines, and then combined through a bias-tee to deliver to the Z control line of the quantum chip. The generation of the bias signal usually uses a high-precision and high-stability voltage source. In the field of superconducting quantum computing, the number of quantum bits is growing rapidly, and several hundred-bit quantum computers have been developed at home and abroad. The demand for high-precision, high-stability, high-integration and low-cost voltage sources has increased dramatically.

[0005] However, the existing solutions usually directly use a constant current source, or use a constant voltage source, and a current-limiting resistor much larger than the load resistor is connected in series on the output link. Currently, commercial voltage sources or current sources on the market are mostly single-channel high-power output sources, which have defects such as insufficient precision, large output fluctuations affected by temperature, high voltage noise, etc. High-precision source tables that meet the needs of measurement and control have defects such as large size, high cost, and difficulty in large-scale deployment, which makes them difficult to meet the multi-bit high-standard Z control needs in quantum computing.

[0006] SUMMARY

[0007] The present disclosure provides a voltage source, which solves the problems of insufficient precision, large output fluctuations affected by temperature, and high voltage noise of existing voltage sources, so that the voltage range and precision stability of the voltage source output meet the needs of superconducting quantum computing, and the voltage source integrates multiple-channel voltage output, greatly reducing the cost of large-scale deployment.

[0008] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a voltage source is provided, which includes: a cabinet, a power supply module arranged in the cabinet, and N PCB board cards, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0009] The PCB card comprises a control module, a first isolation module, a second isolation module, a third-stage filter module, and a DAC and amplifier module.

[0010] The power supply module is connected with the first isolation module, the third-stage filter module, and the DAC and amplifier module in sequence, and is also connected with the control module.

[0011] The control module is connected with the second isolation module and the DAC and amplifier module in sequence, and is used for communicating with the outside and transmitting a control signal to the DAC and amplifier module through the second isolation module.

[0012] Optionally, the value of N is 4.

[0013] Optionally, the voltage source further comprises a first-stage filter module arranged in the case.

[0014] The first-stage filter module is connected with the power supply module, and is used for filtering high-frequency components in the external input AC voltage.

[0015] Optionally, the voltage source further comprises a second-stage filter module arranged in the case.

[0016] The second-stage filter module is connected between the power supply module and the first isolation module, and is also connected with the control module.

[0017] Optionally, the PCB card is divided into a digital area and an analog area.

[0018] The control module is arranged in the digital area, the third-stage filter module and the DAC and amplifier module are arranged in the analog area, and the first isolation module and the second isolation module are arranged between the digital area and the analog area.

[0019] Optionally, the case comprises a power supply compartment and a PCB card shielding cavity.

[0020] The first-stage filter module, the power supply module, and the second-stage filter module are arranged in the power supply compartment, and the PCB card is arranged in the PCB card shielding cavity.

[0021] Optionally, the voltage source further comprises an air inlet fan and an air outlet fan arranged at the openings of the PCB card shielding cavity.

[0022] The air inlet fan and the air outlet fan are arranged oppositely, and the air inlet fan and the air outlet fan are used for air inlet and outlet control of the PCB card shielding cavity.

[0023] Optionally, the first-stage filter module comprises an RCL filter circuit, and the second-stage filter module comprises a two-stage common-mode filter.

[0024] Optionally, the filtering range of the second-stage filter module is 5KHz-30MHz, and the filtering range of the third-stage filter module is 100kHz-1GHz.

[0025] Optionally, the voltage value comprises -5V-5V.

[0026] The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a high-precision low-temperature-drift low-noise voltage source, which adopts high-precision low-temperature-drift design, filtering technology and isolation shielding technology, can realize noise suppression in a complex electromagnetic environment, and has stable output voltage range and precision, meets the needs of superconducting quantum computing, and the voltage source integrates multi-channel voltage output, greatly reduces the cost of large-scale deployment; in summary, the present disclosure solves the problems of the existing voltage source or current source, which is mostly a single-channel high-power output source table, and has the problems of insufficient precision, large output fluctuation affected by temperature, and high voltage noise. In addition, the present disclosure also solves the defects of the high-precision source table that meets the needs of measurement and control, such as large size, high cost, and difficulty in large-scale deployment, which makes it difficult to meet the multi-bit high-standard Z control needs in quantum computing.

[0027] It should be understood that the content described in this part is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0029] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a voltage source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 32-channel voltage source cabinet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another voltage source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a case of a voltage source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the present disclosure scheme, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should be within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the present disclosure and the above-described drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or a chronological sequence. It should be understood that the data thus used can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but can include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0035] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a voltage source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, the present disclosure provides a voltage source, which includes a case 10, a power supply module 20 arranged in the case 10, and N PCB board cards 30, N being an integer greater than or equal to 1. The PCB board card 30 includes a control module 31, a first isolation module 32, a second isolation module 33, a third-stage filter module 34, and a DAC and amplifier module 35. The power supply module 20 is connected with the first isolation module 32, the third-stage filter module 34, and the DAC and amplifier module 35 in sequence, and the power supply module 20 is also connected with the control module 31. The power supply module 20 is used to receive an external input AC voltage and convert it into a DC power required by the PCB board card 30, and the third-stage filter module 34 is used to filter the power on the PCB board card 30. The control module 31 is connected with the second isolation module 33 and the DAC and amplifier module 35 in sequence, and the control module 31 is used to communicate with the outside and transmit a control signal to the DAC and amplifier module 35 through the second isolation module 33. The DAC and amplifier module 35 is used to output a voltage value according to the control signal.

[0036] Specifically, the case 10 is used to place the required devices of the voltage source and complete the connection to the outside. The case 10 can place one to four PCB board cards 30 inside, which can be placed according to actual needs. FIG. 1 only exemplarily shows the case of placing one PCB board card 30. The power supply module 20 is used to receive the external input of the mains voltage and convert it into the required DC power supply of the PCB board card 30, and has the protection ability of over-current fusing. The control module 31 and the first isolation module 32 use the power supply provided by the second level filter module 50, and the DAC and the amplifier module 35 need to use the power supply provided by the third level filter module 34.

[0037] The first isolation module 32 and the second isolation module 33 are used to isolate the module circuit part from the digital circuit part. The analog part and the digital part exist necessary signal exchange, and use high-speed digital isolators with excellent electromagnetic compatibility to isolate and process the interconnected signals. The third level filter module 34 filters the power supply on the PCB board card 30, and the filtering range is 100kHz-1GHz, which filters out the high-frequency noise brought by the components on the PCB board card 30 to the power supply. The control module 31 is used to communicate with the external host computer, and transmits the control signal to the DAC and the amplifier module 35 through the second isolation module 33. The DAC and the amplifier module 35 output the voltage value based on the input control signal.

[0038] Optionally, the voltage value includes -5V-5V. The control module 31 can be an FPGA, and the DAC and the amplifier module 35 can be a high-resolution DAC and amplifier chip. The internal circuit of the voltage source is realized by controlling the high-resolution DAC and amplifier chip by the control module 31. The FPGA communicates with the host computer, and realizes the output of the DC signal (-5V-5V) or the customizable pulse waveform through the high-resolution DAC and amplifier chip. The high-resolution DAC and amplifier chip has the characteristics of high precision and low temperature drift, and runs stably. Among them, the DAC chip has a precision of 1ppm, a maximum relative precision of ±1LSB, ensures the monotonicity of work, a long-term linear stability of 0.19LSB, and a noise spectral density as low as . The noise spectral density of the amplifier is , and has a low temperature drift characteristic.

[0039] The part of the circuit of the DAC and the amplifier module 35 selects a most commonly used single ceramic capacitor (C0G) with temperature compensation characteristics. Its filling medium is composed of rubidium, samarium and some other rare oxides. The C0G capacitor is one of the most stable capacitors in capacitance and dielectric loss. The capacitance change is 0±30ppm / ℃ when the temperature is from -55℃ to +125℃, and the capacitance change with frequency is less than ±0.3ΔC.

[0040] The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a high-precision low-temperature-drift low-noise voltage source. The voltage source adopts high-precision low-temperature-drift design, filtering technology and isolation shielding technology, can realize noise suppression in a complex electromagnetic environment, and has output voltage range and precision stability meeting the needs of superconducting quantum computing. The voltage source integrates multi-channel voltage output, greatly reducing the cost of large-scale deployment. In summary, the present disclosure solves the problems of the existing voltage source or current source, which are mostly single-channel high-power output sources, and have low precision, large output fluctuation affected by temperature and high voltage noise. In addition, the present disclosure also solves the defects of high-precision source tables meeting the needs of measurement and control, such as large size, high cost and difficulty in large-scale deployment. These defects make it difficult to meet the multi-bit high-standard Z control needs in quantum computing.

[0041] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 32-channel voltage source cabinet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 2, the value of N is 4.

[0042] Specifically, a single PCB card integrates 8-channel output. When the number of channels is scaled up, at most 4 PCB cards can be placed in a voltage source cabinet, i.e. 32 channels. The cabinet has filtering and heat dissipation devices to ensure that the working temperature of the PCB card is appropriate. A multi-channel system can be quickly built, and compared with commercial voltage sources, the noise introduced by the measurement and control system can be effectively reduced, and the influence on the performance of quantum bits can be reduced.

[0043] FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another voltage source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, the voltage source further includes a first-stage filtering module 40 arranged in the cabinet 10. The first-stage filtering module 40 is connected with the power supply module 20, and is configured to filter high-frequency components in the external input AC voltage.

[0044] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the voltage source further includes a second-stage filtering module 50 arranged in the cabinet 10. The second-stage filtering module 50 is connected between the power supply module 20 and the first isolation module 32, and is further connected with the control module 31. The second-stage filtering module 50 is configured to filter the DC power supply.

[0045] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the first-stage filtering module 40 includes an RCL filtering circuit, and the second-stage filtering module 50 includes a two-stage common-mode filter.

[0046] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3, the filtering range of the second-stage filtering module 50 is 5KHz-30MHz, and the filtering range of the third-stage filtering module 34 is 100kHz-1GHz.

[0047] Specifically, the three-stage filtering technology is as follows: the first-stage filtering module 40 filters the mains, and an RCL filter circuit is used to filter out the high-frequency components in the mains; the second-stage filtering module 50 filters the DC power supply, the filtering range is 5KHz-30MHz, and a two-stage common-mode filter design is used to filter out a large amount of common-mode and differential-mode interference, further reduce the high-frequency noise in the power supply, and improve the stability and smoothness of the power supply. The third-stage filtering module 34 filters the power supply on the PCB card 30, the filtering range is 100kHz-1GHz, and the high-frequency noise brought by the components on the PCB card 30 to the power supply is filtered out.

[0048] The power supply of the card is filtered in three stages to reduce the noise on the power supply to the maximum extent to avoid crosstalk to the output DC signal. First, the external 220V input is filtered in the first stage, and an IEC input interface with an integrated fuse and filter is used; second, after the 220V is converted into 12V by a step-down switching power supply, it is filtered by a single-phase DC power filter to eliminate the high-frequency noise in the power supply output and improve the signal quality and stability of the power supply output; finally, the third-stage filtering is performed on the card, and a common-mode filter is used, which is a wideband compatible, thin, and ultra-high-performance EMI filter.

[0049] With reference to FIG. 3, optionally, the PCB card 30 is divided into a digital area and an analog area; the control module 31 is arranged in the digital area, the third-stage filtering module 34 and the DAC and amplifier module 35 are arranged in the analog area, and the first isolation module 32 and the second isolation module 33 are both arranged between the digital area and the analog area.

[0050] Specifically, the digital area uses the power supply provided by the second-stage filtering module 50, and the analog area needs to use the power supply provided by the third-stage filtering module 34. Since there are digital circuits and a large part of analog circuits (such as the DAC part and the operational amplifier part) on the PCB card 30, when the digital signal on the digital circuit jumps between 0 and 1, a large amount of noise will be generated. Therefore, in order to avoid digital noise interference with the DC output, the analog circuit and the digital circuit are separated and isolated in layout. However, there is necessary signal exchange between the analog area and the digital area, and the second isolation module 33 is used to isolate and process the interconnected signals. The second isolation module 33 can be a high-speed digital isolation chip with excellent EMC performance. The digital isolation chip has a robust and reliable isolation grid, with a predicted service life of >30 years under a 1500VRMS working voltage, and an isolation level of up to 5000VRMS, which can block the noise generated by the digital area outside the analog area while not introducing new noise. The power supply part is isolated and processed by the first isolation module 32, and the isolation voltage is 1500VDC. The first isolation module 32 can be an isolated switching power supply module.

[0051] With reference to FIG. 3, optionally, the cabinet comprises a power supply compartment and a PCB card shielding cavity; the first-stage filtering module 40, the power supply module 20, and the second-stage filtering module 50 are arranged in the power supply compartment, and the PCB card 30 is arranged in the PCB card shielding cavity.

[0052] Specifically, the cabinet is internally divided into the power supply compartment and the PCB card shielding cavity, and is physically divided into two areas. The PCB card shielding cavity has good isolation and shielding effect, and can realize noise suppression in a complex electromagnetic environment. The PCB card 30 uses a shielding heat dissipation cold plate, and the heat dissipation fins on the cold plate quickly exchange heat and further isolate the interference of space noise.

[0053] With reference to FIG. 3, optionally, the voltage source further comprises an air inlet fan 60 and an air outlet fan 70 arranged at the openings of the two sides of the PCB card shielding cavity; the air inlet fan 60 and the air outlet fan 70 are oppositely arranged, and are used for air inlet and outlet control of the PCB card shielding cavity.

[0054] Specifically, two fans are arranged at the left and right openings of the PCB card shielding cavity respectively, the air inlet fan 60 is used for air inlet, and the air outlet fan 70 is used for air outlet, the air duct is smooth, the fan has high working efficiency, and the heat dissipation effect is excellent. The air inlet fan 60 and the air outlet fan 70 are used for air inlet and outlet control of the PCB card shielding cavity, and heat generated by the operation of components is conducted to the outside of the cabinet 10 in a timely manner through air cooling.

[0055] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a cabinet of a voltage source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 4, the design of the PCB card shielding cavity ensures the stability of the fan air duct, provides air cooling heat dissipation capacity for the PCB card, timely discharges heat generated by operation to the outside of the cabinet, and ensures output stability.

[0056] The voltage source with high precision, low temperature drift and low noise in the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts high-precision low-temperature drift design, analog-digital partition means, three-stage filtering technology, isolation and shielding technology, and good heat dissipation design, and can realize noise suppression in a complex electromagnetic environment. Through the high-precision low-temperature drift design, the actual measurement of the direct current source output stability is less than 5ppm / 10h; in order to realize low noise, analog-digital partition, three-stage filtering technology, and isolation and shielding technology are adopted, In order to reduce the cost and improve the integration, 8 output channels are integrated on a single PCB card, 32 channels can be integrated in a 1U cabinet space, the cost of a single channel is effectively reduced, the integration is improved, and large-scale deployment is facilitated.

[0057] The above detailed description does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Industrial applicability

[0058] The voltage source provided by the present disclosure has the characteristics of high precision, low temperature drift and low noise. The high precision, low temperature drift design, filtering technology and isolation shielding technology can realize noise suppression in a complex electromagnetic environment. Through the high precision, low temperature drift design, the output voltage range and precision stability meet the needs of superconducting quantum computing; through the analog-digital partitioning, three-level filtering technology and isolation shielding technology, the noise interference is reduced; by integrating multiple channel voltage outputs in the voltage source, the integration level is effectively improved and large-scale deployment is facilitated, greatly reducing the cost of large-scale deployment. The present disclosure not only solves the problems of insufficient output precision, large output fluctuation affected by temperature and high voltage noise of the existing single-channel high-power output source table, but also solves the problems of large size, high cost and difficulty in large-scale deployment of high-precision source tables, and difficulty in meeting the multi-bit high-standard Z control requirements in quantum computing.

[0059] In addition, it can be understood that the voltage source provided by the present application is reproducible and can be used in various industrial applications. For example, the voltage source provided by the present application can be applied to the field of power electronics.

Claims

1. A voltage source, characterized by The application relates to a power supply device. The device comprises a cabinet, a power supply module and N PCB cards arranged in the cabinet, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The PCB card comprises a control module, a first isolation module, a second isolation module, a third-level filter module and a DAC and amplifier module. The power supply module is sequentially connected with the first isolation module, the third-level filter module and the DAC and amplifier module, and the power supply module is also connected with the control module. The power supply module is used for receiving an external input AC voltage and converting the AC voltage into a DC power required by the PCB card.

2. The voltage source of claim 1, wherein, The third-level filter module is used for filtering the power on the PCB card.

3. The voltage source of claim 1, wherein, The control module is sequentially connected with the second isolation module and the DAC and amplifier module. The control module is used for communicating with the outside and transmitting a control signal to the DAC and amplifier module through the second isolation module.

4. The voltage source of claim 3, wherein, The DAC and amplifier module is used for outputting a voltage value according to the control signal. N is 4.

5. The voltage source of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises a first-level filter module arranged in the cabinet. The first-level filter module is connected with the power supply module and is used for filtering high-frequency components in the external input AC voltage.

6. The voltage source of claim 4, wherein, The device further comprises a second-level filter module arranged in the cabinet. The second-level filter module is connected between the power supply module and the first isolation module and is also connected with the control module.

7. The voltage source of claim 6, wherein, The second-level filter module is used for filtering the DC power. The PCB card is divided into a digital area and an analog area.

8. The voltage source of claim 4, wherein, The control module is arranged in the digital area, the third-level filter module and the DAC and amplifier module are arranged in the analog area, and the first isolation module and the second isolation module are arranged between the digital area and the analog area.

9. The voltage source of claim 4, wherein, The cabinet comprises a power supply compartment and a PCB card shielding cavity.

10. The voltage source of claim 1, wherein, The first-level filter module, the power supply module and the second-level filter module are arranged in the power supply compartment, and the PCB card is arranged in the PCB card shielding cavity. The device further comprises an air inlet fan and an air outlet fan arranged at openings of the PCB card shielding cavity. The air inlet fan and the air outlet fan are oppositely arranged and are used for air inlet and outlet control of the PCB card shielding cavity. The first-level filter module comprises an RCL filter circuit, and the second-level filter module comprises a two-stage common-mode filter. The filtering range of the second-level filter module is 5KHz-30MHz, and the filtering range of the third-level filter module is 100kHz-1GHz. The voltage value comprises -5V-5V.

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