Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a transmission unit that transmits a beam report to which artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction is applied; and a control unit that performs control such that a specific reference signal received power (RSRP) is reported for a plurality of time instances. The specific RSRP is either a set of a reference signal and a time instance in which the maximum RSRP is achieved among the plurality of time instances, or an absolute RSRP related to a reference signal that achieves the maximum RSRP at each of the time instances.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Lifecycle Management (LCM) using Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) technology is being considered for wireless communication systems. Use cases for LCM include terminal positioning, beam prediction, and CSI compression.

[0006] Incidentally, in specific use cases for AI models from Rel. 19 onwards, it is being considered to output predictions for CSI, beam quality, and radio resource management (RRM) measurements.

[0007] In use cases of such AI / ML models (e.g., beam prediction / CSI feedback), multiple future time instances are supported in a single report. When the number of time instances is greater than one, it is not clear which time instance corresponds to the reference RSRP used to calculate each differential RSRP.

[0008] If these are not clearly defined, it may be impossible to implement appropriate CSI feedback based on predictions using AI models, potentially affecting communication throughput and quality.

[0009] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve the throughput / quality of communications.

[0010] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a transmitting unit that transmits beam reports applying artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction, and a control unit that controls the reporting of a specific reference signal received power (RSRP) for a plurality of time instances, wherein the specific RSRP is a set of reference signals and time instances that achieve the maximum RSRP among the plurality of time instances, or an absolute RSRP relating to a reference signal that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance.

[0011] According to one aspect of this disclosure, communication throughput / quality can be improved.

[0012] Figure 1 shows an example of processing using an AI model. Figure 2 shows an example of an AI model (AI / ML model). Figure 3 shows an example of the bit width of RSRP / differential RSRP according to this disclosure. Figure 4 shows an example of the content of a CSI report. Figure 5 shows an example of the content of a CSI report. Figure 6 shows an example of the content of a CSI report. Figure 7 shows an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 10 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 11 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0013] (AI Model) Regarding future wireless communication technology, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0014] For example, AI technology is being considered for future wireless communication technologies to improve Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the spatiotemporal domain), and position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0015] In this disclosure, AI model information used in AI technology may mean information including at least one of the following: - Input / output information of the AI ​​model, - Pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model, - Parameter information of the AI ​​model, - Training information for the AI ​​model, - Inference information for the AI ​​model, - Performance information regarding the AI ​​model.

[0016] In this disclosure, the terms "AI model" and "AI / ML model" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0017] Here, the input / output information of the above AI model may include information about at least one of the following: • Content of the input / output data (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information about the angle of arrival (AoA), information about the angle of departure (AoD), position information), • Type of input / output data (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number), • Quantization interval (quantization step size) of the input / output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP), • Range of possible input / output data (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0018] In this disclosure, AoA information may include information on at least one of the azimuth angle of arrival and the zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). Also, AoD information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angle of departure and the zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0019] In this disclosure, location information may be location information relating to a UE / NW. Location information may include at least one of the following: information obtained using a positioning system (e.g., satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)) (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude); information of a base station adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., base station / cell identifier (ID), distance between BS and UE, direction / angle of BS(UE) as seen from UE(BS), coordinates of BS(UE) as seen from UE(BS) (e.g., X / Y / Z axis coordinates), etc.); and a specific address of the UE (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP) address). Location information of a UE is not limited to information based on the position of a BS, but may also be information based on a specific point.

[0020] Location information may include information about its own implementation (for example, the location / position of the antenna, the location / position of the antenna panel, the number of antennas, the number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0021] Location information may include mobility information. Mobility information may include information indicating the mobility type, information indicating the movement speed of the UE, the acceleration of the UE, and the direction of movement of the UE, or at least one of these.

[0022] Here, the mobility type may be at least one of the following: fixed location UE, movable / moving UE, no mobility UE, low mobility UE, middle mobility UE, high mobility UE, cell-edge UE, not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0023] The pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the above AI model may include information on at least one of the following: whether or not to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization (standardization), min-max normalization); parameters for normalization (e.g., mean / variance for Z-score normalization, minimum / maximum value for min-max normalization); whether or not to apply a specific numerical transformation method (e.g., one-hot encoding, label encoding, etc.); and selection rules for whether or not to use the data as training data.

[0024] Figure 1 shows an example of processing using an AI model. For example, Z-score normalization (x) is performed as a preprocessing step for input information x (Original input values). ｎｅｗ Normalized input information x = (x - μ) / σ, where μ is the mean of x and σ is the standard deviation. ｎｅｗ(Normalized input values) can also be input to the AI ​​model, and the output y from the AI ​​model is ｏｕｔ The output values ​​may be post-processed to obtain the final output y (post-processed output values).

[0025] The parameter information of the above AI model may include information on at least one of the following: • Weight information in the AI ​​model (e.g., neuron coefficients (connection coefficients)), • Structure of the AI ​​model, • Type of AI model as a model component (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)), • Function of the AI ​​model as a model component (e.g., decoder, encoder).

[0026] The weight information in the above AI model may include information on at least one of the following: • the bit width (size) of the weight information, • the quantization interval of the weight information, • the range of possible weights, • the weight parameters in the AI ​​model, • the difference from the AI ​​model before the update (if updated), • the weight initialization method (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal distribution / uniform distribution / truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for Rectified Linear Units (ReLU))).

[0027] Furthermore, the structure of the AI ​​model described above may include information on at least one of the following: • Number of layers, • Layer types (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer), • Layer information, • Time-series specific parameters (e.g., bidirectionality, time step), • Parameters for training (e.g., Type of function (L2 regularization, dropout function, etc.), where (e.g., after which layer) to place this function).

[0028] The above layer information may include information on at least one of the following: • Number of neurons in each layer, • Kernel size, • Stride for pooling / convolutional layers, • Pooling method (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.), • Residual block information, • Number of heads, • Normalization method (batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.), • Activation function (sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

[0029] Figure 2 shows an example of an AI model (AI / ML model). This example shows an AI model that includes Model Component #1, ResNet, Model Component #2, a Transformer Model, a Dense Layer, and a Normalization Layer. Thus, one AI model may be included as a component of another AI model. Note that Figure 2 may also show an AI model where processing proceeds from left to right.

[0030] The training information for the above AI model may include information on at least one of the following: • Information on the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), optimization parameters (learning rate, momentum information, etc.), • Information on the loss function (e.g., information on metrics of the loss function (Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), cross-entropy loss, NLLLoss, KL divergence, etc.)), • Parameters to be frozen for training (e.g., layers, weights), • Parameters to be updated (e.g., layers, weights), • Parameters that should be initial parameters for training (to be used as initial parameters) (e.g., layers, weights), • How to train / update the AI ​​model (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, number of data to use for training).

[0031] The inference information for the above AI model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, and other related matters.

[0032] The performance information relating to the above AI model may include information regarding the expected value of the loss function defined for the AI ​​model.

[0033] AI model information relating to a specific AI model may be predetermined in the standard, or it may be notified to the UE from the Network (NW). An AI model defined in the standard may be called a reference AI model. AI model information relating to a reference AI model may be called reference AI model information.

[0034] Furthermore, the AI ​​model information in this disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI ​​model (for example, which may be called an AI model index). The AI ​​model information in this disclosure may include an AI model index in addition to / instead of the above-mentioned input / output information of the AI ​​model. The association between the AI ​​model index and the AI ​​model information (for example, input / output information of the AI ​​model) may be predetermined in the standard or notified from the network to the user architecture.

[0035] (Use cases for prediction using AI / ML technology) The following are examples of various predictions using AI / ML models: ・Beam prediction. In beam prediction, beams / resources that achieve RSRP / SINR greater than a threshold are targeted for prediction. Examples include temporal beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, and frequency domain beam prediction. ・Cell prediction. In cell prediction, cells that achieve RSRP / SINR greater than a threshold are targeted for prediction. Examples include temporal cell prediction, spatial domain cell prediction, and frequency domain cell prediction. ・CSI prediction. Examples of CSI prediction include temporal CSI prediction and spatial domain CSI prediction. For example, in spatial domain CSI prediction, the CSI for a larger number of antenna ports is predicted based on a smaller number of antenna ports.

[0036] In this disclosure, beam prediction, cell prediction, CSI prediction, and specific predictions [using AI / ML models] may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0037] (CSI Report) In NR, a terminal (also referred to as a user terminal, User Equipment (UE), etc.) generates (also referred to as determines, calculates, estimates, measures, etc.) channel state information (CSI) based on a reference signal (Reference Signal (RS)) (or a resource for the RS), and transmits (also referred to as reports, feedback, etc.) the generated CSI to a network (e.g., a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station using, for example, an uplink control channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)).

[0038] The RS used for generating CSI may be at least one of, for example, a channel state information reference signal (Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)), a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH)) block, a synchronization signal (Synchronization Signal (SS)), a demodulation reference signal (DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS)), etc.

[0039] The CSI-RS may include at least one of a non-zero power (Non Zero Power (NZP)) CSI-RS and CSI-Interference Management (CSI-IM). The SS / PBCH block is a block that includes SS and PBCH (and the corresponding DMRS), and may be referred to as an SS block (SSB), etc. Also, the SS may include at least one of a primary synchronization signal (Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)) and a secondary synchronization signal (Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)).

[0040] Note that CSI may include at least one of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), a Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (L1-RSRQ), a Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (L1-SINR), and a Signal to Noise Ratio (L1-SNR).

[0041] The UE may receive information related to CSI reporting (report configuration information) and control CSI reporting based on the report configuration information. The report configuration information may be, for example, "CSI-ReportConfig" of an information element (IE) of Radio Resource Control (RRC). Note that in the present disclosure, the RRC IE may be read as mutually replaceable with an RRC parameter, a higher layer parameter, and the like.

[0042] The reporting configuration information (for example, "CSI-ReportConfig" in RRC IE) may include, for example, at least one of the following: • Information about the type of CSI report (report type information, for example, "reportConfigType" in RRC IE) • Information about one or more quantities (one or more CSI parameters) of CSI to be reported (report quantity information, for example, "reportQuantity" in RRC IE) • Information about the RS resources used to generate the quantity (the CSI parameter) (resource information, for example, "CSI-ResourceConfigId" in RRC IE) • Information about the frequency domain to which the CSI report is applied (frequency domain information, for example, "reportFreqConfiguration" in RRC IE)

[0043] For example, the reporting type information may indicate a periodic CSI (P-CSI) report, an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report, or a semi-persistent CSI (SP-CSI) report.

[0044] Furthermore, the reported quantity information may specify at least one combination of the above-mentioned CSI parameters (e.g., CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, LI, L1-RSRP, etc.).

[0045] Furthermore, the resource information may also be the ID of the RS resource. The RS resource may include, for example, a non-zero power CSI-RS resource or SSB and a CSI-IM resource (for example, a zero-power CSI-RS resource).

[0046] Furthermore, frequency domain information may indicate the frequency granularity of the CSI report. This frequency granularity may include, for example, wideband and subband. The wideband is the entire CSI reporting band. The wideband may be, for example, the entire carrier (component carrier (CC), cell, serving cell) or the entire bandwidth part (BWP) within a carrier. The wideband may also be referred to as the CSI reporting band, the entire CSI reporting band, etc.

[0047] Furthermore, a subband may be part of the wideband and may consist of one or more resource blocks (Resource Blocks (RBs) or Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs)). The size of the subband may be determined according to the size of the BWP (number of PRBs).

[0048] Frequency domain information may indicate whether to report wideband or subband PMI (frequency domain information may include, for example, the RRC IE's "pmi-FormatIndicator" used to determine whether to report wideband PMI or subband PMI). Based on at least one of the above-mentioned reporting quantity information and frequency domain information, the UE may determine the frequency granularity of the CSI report (i.e., whether to report wideband PMI or subband PMI).

[0049] If a wideband PMI report is established (decided), one wideband PMI may be reported for the entire CSI reporting band. On the other hand, if a subband PMI report is established, a single wideband indication i1 may be reported for the entire CSI reporting band, and one subband indication i2 (e.g., a subband indication for each subband) may be reported for one or more subbands within the entire CSI reporting band.

[0050] The UE performs channel estimation using the received RS and estimates the channel matrix H. The UE then feeds back the index (PMI) determined based on the estimated channel matrix.

[0051] PMI may represent a precoder matrix (also simply called a precoder) that a UE considers appropriate for use in downlink (DL) transmissions to the UE. Each value of PMI may correspond to a single precoder matrix. A set of PMI values ​​may correspond to a different set of precoder matrices called a precoder codebook (also simply called a codebook).

[0052] In a spatial domain, a CSI report may include one or more types of CSIs. For example, the CSI may include at least one of a first type (Type 1 CSI) used for single-beam selection and a second type (Type 2 CSI) used for multi-beam selection. A single beam may be rephrased as a single layer, and a multi-beam as multiple beams. Furthermore, a Type 1 CSI may not assume multi-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO), while a Type 2 CSI may assume multi-user MIMO.

[0053] The above codebooks may include a codebook for Type 1 CSI (also referred to as a Type 1 codebook, etc.) and a codebook for Type 2 CSI (also referred to as a Type 2 codebook, etc.). Furthermore, Type 1 CSI may include Type 1 single-panel CSI and Type 1 multi-panel CSI, and different codebooks (Type 1 single-panel codebook and Type 1 multi-panel codebook) may be specified for each.

[0054] In this disclosure, Type 1 and Type I may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, Type 2 and Type II may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0055] The Upbound Control Information (UCI) type may include at least one of Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), scheduling request (SR), or CSI. The UCI may be carried by PUCCH or by PUSCH.

[0056] In Rel. 15 NR, the UCI may include one CSI part for wideband PMI feedback. CSI report #n includes PMI wideband information, if reported.

[0057] In Rel. 15 NR, the UCI may include two CSI parts for subband PMI feedback. CSI part 1 contains wideband PMI information. CSI part 2 contains one wideband PMI piece and several subband PMI pieces. CSI parts 1 and 2 are encoded separately.

[0058] The UE performs CSI-RS / SSB / CSI-IM measurements based on the CSI resource settings corresponding to the CSI reporting settings (CSI resource settings associated with CSI-ResourceConfigId), and derives the CSI to be reported based on the measurement results.

[0059] The CSI resource configuration (for example, the CSI-ResourceConfig information element) may include a csi-RS-ResourceSetList field that indicates a more specific CSI-RS / SSB resource, resource type information that indicates the time domain behavior of the resource configuration (for example, "resourceType").

[0060] The resource type information may indicate a P-CSI resource, an A-CSI resource, or an SP-CSI resource.

[0061] <Timing of CSI Resources> The timing of P / SP-CSI resources (e.g., transmit / receive timing) may be determined by the period and offset information included in the CSI resource settings (CSI-ResourcePeriodicityAndOffset). P / SP-CSI resources may be transmitted in slots corresponding to positions that are multiples of the period, taking the offset into consideration.

[0062] The timing of an A-CSI resource may be determined based on a set offset (aperiodicTriggeringOffset). This offset may correspond to the time difference between the triggering DCI that triggers the A-CSI resource / A-CSI report (for example, a DCI containing a CSI request field indicating a specific trigger state) and the A-CSI resource. If no offset is set, the value of this offset may be 0.

[0063] <Timing of CSI Reports> The timing of P / SP-CSI reports (on PUCCH) may be determined by the period and offset information (CSI-ReportPeriodicityAndOffset) included in the CSI reporting settings. P / SP-CSI reports (on PUCCH) may be transmitted in slots corresponding to positions that are multiples of the period, taking the offset into consideration.

[0064] The timing of the SP-CSI report (on PUSCH) may be determined based on the slot period information (reportSlotConfig) and slot offset information (reportSlotOffsetList) included in the CSI report configuration. The SP-CSI report (on PUSCH) may be transmitted in the slot corresponding to a position after the slot offset and at a multiple of the slot period, based on the reception of the triggering DCI that triggers the SP-CSI report. The slot offset may be determined based on the above slot offset information and the fields of the triggering DCI (e.g., the CSI request field).

[0065] Furthermore, SP-CSI measurement / reporting (on PUCCH) may be enabled / disabled after a certain period of time following the reception of the activation / deactivation MAC CE for the SP-CSI reporting settings. Also, SP-CSI measurement / reporting (on PUCCH) may be performed based on a trigger state (e.g., a trigger state included in the SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList information element) activated by a CSI request field included in a DCI format (e.g., DCI format 0_1 / 0_2) to which a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is added, which is scrambled by an SP-CSI-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).

[0066] The timing of the A-CSI report may be determined based on the slot offset information (reportSlotOffsetList) included in the CSI report settings. The A-CSI report may be sent in a slot after the slot offset, based on the receipt of the triggering DCI that triggers the A-CSI report. The slot offset may be determined based on the above slot offset information and the fields of the triggering DCI (e.g., the CSI request field).

[0067] Furthermore, if more than one A-CSI report is specified by the triggering DCI, the timing of the A-CSI report may be determined based on the information of multiple slot offsets for the one or more A-CSI reports and the time domain resource allocation field of the triggering DCI.

[0068] (Beam Prediction) In future wireless communication systems, the introduction of beam management accompanied by beam prediction is being considered. Furthermore, as use cases for utilizing AI models, spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction or temporal DL beam prediction using one-sided AI models in UE or NW is being considered. Such beam prediction methods may also be called AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting) or AI-based beam management (BM).

[0069] Spatial domain DL beam prediction and temporal DL beam prediction, as well as temporal domain beam prediction, may be performed at least one of the UE and the base station.

[0070] The UE / base station may measure spatially sparse (or thick) beams, input the measurement results into an AI model, and output a predicted beam quality result for spatially dense (or thin) beams.

[0071] The UE / base station may measure the beam over time, input the measurement results into an AI model, and output a prediction of the beam quality of the future beam.

[0072] Furthermore, spatial domain DL beam prediction may be called BM case 1, and temporal DL beam prediction may be called BM case 2.

[0073] Candidate inputs for the AI ​​model in BM case 1 / 2 include L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), assistance information (e.g., beam shape information, UE position / direction information, transmit beam application information), channel impulse response (CIR) information, and corresponding DL transmit / receive beam IDs.

[0074] Candidate outputs for the AI ​​model in BM Case 1 include the IDs of the top K (K is an integer) transmit / receive beams, the predicted L1-RSRP for these beams, the probability that each beam falls within the top K beams, and the angles of these beams.

[0075] In addition to the candidates for the AI ​​model output in BM Case 1, the potential outputs of the AI ​​model in BM Case 2 include predicted beam obstructions.

[0076] In this disclosure, a sparse (or wide / broad) beam may mean a beam (pattern) that is sparsely distributed in the spatial / angular domain. A dense (or narrow / narrow) beam may mean a beam (pattern) that is densely distributed in the spatial / angular domain.

[0077] In this disclosure, the input / output information of the AI ​​model (for example, the beam measurement results and beam quality prediction results described above) may be referred to as AI model information.

[0078] (Multiple Time Instances) Multiple future time instances are supported in a single report.

[0079] For example, in AI / ML model inference on the UE side, BM Case 2 supports reporting the inference results for N future time instances (where N can be 1 or more) in a single report.

[0080] Furthermore, differential RSRP is supported across multiple time instances.

[0081] For example, in the UE model, the following is supported for quantization of RSRP values, at least in the reporting of inference results: - Differential RSRP reporting by existing quantization steps and ranges in L1-RSRP reporting. - Differential RSRP reporting across multiple beams in BM case 1. - Differential RSRP reporting across multiple beams over multiple time instances in BM case 2.

[0082] Figure 3 shows an example of the bit width of the RSRP / differential RSRP in this disclosure. In existing beam measurement reports, the absolute RSRP (which may simply be called RSRP) is represented (corresponds to) the maximum RSRP. The differential RSRP from the absolute RSRP represents (corresponds to) other RSRPs. The absolute RSRP / maximum RSRP may be called the reference RSRP / reference RSRP.

[0083] (Report contents relating to multiple time instances) <Aspect 1> The UE may report L1-RSRP / SINR for different time instances within a single UCI (CSI report).

[0084] The CRI / SSBRI corresponding to each L1-RSRP / SINR for different time instances may be determined independently. It may also be supported that L1-RSRP / SINR for different time instances corresponds to different CRI / SSBRI for different time instances.

[0085] Figure 4 shows an example of the contents of a CSI report. For example, if one CSI report corresponds to multiple time instances (time #0, #1), one CSI report may include the CRI / SSBRI, RSRP, and differential RSRP corresponding to each of the multiple time instances (see Figure 4). Note that the configuration of the CSI report shown in Figure 4 is merely an example and is not limited to this.

[0086] <Aspect 2> The UE may report, among multiple (e.g., all) time instances of the CSI report, the RSRP / SINR for a specific time instance, the CRI / SSBRI corresponding to the RSRP / SINR, and the differential RSRP / SINR referencing the RSRP / SINR.

[0087] The specific time instance may be determined regardless of whether or not it includes the CRI / SSBRI that achieved the maximum RSRP / SINR.

[0088] For example, the specific time instance may be determined based on at least one of the following: higher layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE), DCI, and a specific rule.

[0089] For example, the specific time instance in question may be the oldest (or newest) time instance among the time instances associated with the CSI report.

[0090] Figure 5 shows an example of the contents of a CSI report. In Figure 5, the UE determines that the specific time instance is time instance #0 (time #0).

[0091] In the example shown in Figure 5, the CSI report includes a field showing the CRI / SSBRI (CRI / SSBRI #1 to #4) common to multiple time instances. Furthermore, the RSRP and differential RSRP fields included in the CSI report are the RSRP field and differential RSRP field for time instance #0, and the differential RSRP fields for time instances #1 and #2.

[0092] <Aspect 3> The UE may derive the differential RSRP / SINR in the CSI report by referring to the RSRP / SINR in the same time instance as the differential RSRP / SINR.

[0093] For example, the RSRP / SINR referenced in each time instance may be the maximum RSRP / SINR in each time instance.

[0094] For example, the RSRP / SINR referenced in each time instance may be the RSRP / SINR corresponding to a specific CRI / SSBRI. This specific CRI / SSBRI may be the CRI / SSBRI with the lowest (or highest) index.

[0095] The UE may include in the CSI report an index (field) indicating the reference CRI / SSBRI for calculating the differential RSRP / SINR in each time instance.

[0096] Figure 6 shows an example of the contents of a CSI report. The CSI report shown in Figure 6 includes a field that shows the CRI / SSBRI (CRI / SSBRI #1 to #4) common to multiple time instances.

[0097] In the CSI report, for time instance #0 (time #0), RSRP #1 is referenced to calculate the differential RSRP #2-#4.

[0098] For other time instances (time instance #1 (time #1) and #2 (time #2)), a field is included that indicates the CRI / SSBRI index referenced in the CSI report, and the differential RSRP is calculated by referencing the RSRP corresponding to the indicated index in the same time instance.

[0099] (Analysis) As mentioned above, in use cases of AI / ML models (e.g., beam prediction / CSI feedback), multiple future time instances are supported in a single report. When the number of time instances is greater than one, it is not clear which time instance corresponds to the reference RSRP used to calculate each differential RSRP.

[0100] If these are not clearly defined, it may be impossible to implement appropriate CSI feedback based on predictions using AI models, potentially affecting communication throughput and quality.

[0101] Therefore, the inventors conceived of a wireless communication method that can achieve these goals.

[0102] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0103] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0104] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0105] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0106] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0107] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0108] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0109] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0110] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0111] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0112] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0113] In this disclosure, the terms used include: panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmit entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relationship, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), Antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), Antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), Group (e.g., Spatial relationship group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, Reference Signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control The following terms may be interchangeable: Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, quasi-co-location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc.

[0114] In this disclosure, CSI-RS, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS, Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS, and CSI Interference Measurement (CSI-IM) may be interpreted as interchangeable. Furthermore, CSI-RS may include other reference signals.

[0115] In this disclosure, the measured / reported RS may mean the RS measured / reported for CSI reporting.

[0116] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, slot, sub-slot, symbol, subframe, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0117] In this disclosure, terms such as direction, axis, dimension, domain, polarization, and polarization component may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0118] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0119] In this disclosure, autoencoders, encoders, decoders, etc., may be interpreted as at least one of a model, ML model, neural network model, AI model, AI algorithm, etc. Furthermore, autoencoders may be interpreted as any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder or a convolutional autoencoder. The encoders / decoders in this disclosure may employ models such as Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, and RefineNet.

[0120] In this disclosure, the terms bit, bit string, bit sequence, sequence, value, information, value obtained from a bit, and information obtained from a bit may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0121] In this disclosure, the term "layer" (referring to an encoder) may be interpreted interchangeably with the terms "input layer," "hidden layer," etc., used in an AI model. The layers in this disclosure may correspond to at least one of the following: an input layer, a hidden layer, an output layer, a batch normalization layer, a convolutional layer, an activation layer, a dense layer, a normalization layer, a pooling layer, an attention layer, a dropout layer, a fully connected layer, etc.

[0122] In this disclosure, RSRP may be interpreted as any parameter relating to received power / received quality, etc. (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, CSI).

[0123] In this disclosure, RS may be, for example, CSI-RS, SS / PBCH block (SS block (SSB)), etc. Also, the RS index may be a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), etc.

[0124] In this disclosure, channel measurement / estimation may be performed using, for example, at least one of the following: Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Synchronization Signal (SS), Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

[0125] In this disclosure, the terms "received beam assumption," "number of received beams," "received beam index," "received beam selection," "received beam setting," and "received beam instruction" may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms "received beam," "transmitted beam," "DL received beam," "DL transmitted beam," and "pair of transmitted and received beams" may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, "transmitted / received beams" may be interpreted interchangeably as "transmitted / received beams for beam prediction" and "transmitted / received beams for CSI measurement / reporting for beam prediction."

[0126] In this disclosure, functionality may mean the intended use of the model or the physical meaning of the model's inputs / outputs. Multiple models may have the same functionality. Based on functionality (for example, per functionality), monitoring (performance verification), activation, deactivation, switching, fallback, and updates may be instructed (controlled).

[0127] In this disclosure, functionality may mean features (reporting information based on AI / ML capabilities, e.g., CSI prediction / CSI compression / temporal beam prediction / spatial domain beam prediction).

[0128] Furthermore, the model ID may mean an identifier for a model (or set of models). Multiple models may be assigned the same model ID in an actual deployment. In this case, these models may actually be different models (e.g., different number of layers), but may be treated as the same model.

[0129] In this disclosure, the model ID may be interpreted interchangeably with the metadata (or metadata set) ID. The metadata (or metadata ID) may be associated with information such as the applicability of the model / functionality, the environment, and the settings of the UE / gNB.

[0130] In this disclosure, "functionality" may be interpreted simply as "function."

[0131] In this disclosure, functionality, function ID, model, and model ID may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0132] In this disclosure, ID may represent an ID that corresponds to (or identifies) at least one of the dataset, model, or channel / RS property. That is, in this disclosure, ID, dataset ID, model ID, and channel / RS property ID may be interchangeable.

[0133] In this disclosure, the terms "initiation of reporting" and "trigger for reporting" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0134] In this disclosure, the prediction results and monitoring outputs may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0135] In this disclosure, "measurement" and "measurement" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0136] In this disclosure, measurement, measurement result, RSRP, L1-RSRP, prediction, prediction result, predicted RSRP, and predicted L1-RSRP may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0137] In this disclosure, RSRP and SINR may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0138] (Wireless Communication Method) The embodiments of this disclosure can be broadly classified as follows with respect to reporting for multiple time instances: • Embodiment 0: Reporting content for multiple time instances. • Embodiment 1: Reporting method for multiple time instances. • Embodiment 2: Definition of RSRP / reference RSRP for multiple time instances.

[0139] The following describes each embodiment based on these. Each embodiment / option may be applied individually or in combination with others.

[0140] This disclosure primarily illustrates beam prediction, CSI prediction, and cell prediction as use cases for utilizing AI models. However, the content of this disclosure is not limited to these and can be applied to other use cases or cases that do not use AI models. Furthermore, this disclosure is applicable not only to beam prediction on the UE side but also to beam prediction on the NW side.

[0141] In this disclosure, the term "RS resource" may be interpreted as simply "resource" or "measurement resource." Furthermore, in the following embodiments, the term "RS resource" exemplified a CSI-RS resource, but is not limited to it. "RS resource" may also mean a resource of another RS.

[0142] UE / NW(gNB) may perform various operations of prediction-based CSI feedback by applying the various provisions described above and the embodiments shown below.

[0143] For example, the UE may receive various settings for beam prediction (reporting) / CSI prediction (reporting). The UE may perform various measurements for prediction. Furthermore, the UE may report / transmit prediction results based on the measurement results to the NW.

[0144] The network (NW) may transmit various settings for beam prediction (reporting) / CSI prediction (reporting) to the user interface (UE). Furthermore, the network (NW) may receive the corresponding prediction results (reports) from the UE.

[0145] Each embodiment of this disclosure clarifies the requirements for prediction using AI models (e.g., reporting methods / content for multiple time instances). This enables the UE to perform appropriate CSI feedback. As a result, improvements in communication throughput / quality can be expected.

[0146] This disclosure provides examples of AI-based CSI feedback relating to multiple time instances, but is not limited to these examples and can be modified as appropriate. This disclosure is also applicable to AI-based CSI feedback relating to a single time instance. Furthermore, this disclosure is applicable not only to CSI feedback utilizing AI technology, but also to CSI reporting that does not utilize AI technology.

[0147] <Embodiment 0> Embodiment 0 relates to the reporting content for multiple time instances.

[0148] When a UE reports a specific RSRP (e.g., predicted RSRP / [L1-]RSRP), it may report the following RSRPs as the RSRP for each CSI-RS / SSB in a particular time instance:

[0149] <<[Absolute] RSRP>> The UE may report the [Absolute] RSRP for a set of CSI-RS / SSB and time instances shown in at least one of the following options, as well as the differential RSRP for other sets. In this disclosure, the absolute RSRP may simply be referred to as RSRP.

[0150] (Opt1) The set of CSI-RS / SSB and time instances that achieves the highest RSRP among all reported sets of CSI-RS / SSB and time instances.

[0151] In this disclosure, the set (the set of CSI-RS / SSB and time instances that achieve the maximum RSRP) may be referred to as Set #A.

[0152] The UE may report set #A. The UE may also report the time instance that achieves the maximum RSRP.

[0153] (Opt2) CSI-RS / SSB that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance.

[0154] The UE may report the resource ID (e.g., CRI / SSBRI) of the CSI-RS / SSB that achieves the highest RSRP within each time instance.

[0155] <<Differential RSRP>> The UE may report a differential value (Differential RSRP) from a reference RSRP, which is shown in at least one of the following options. The reference RSRP may also be called the base RSRP.

[0156] (Alt1) The reference RSRP may mean the highest RSRP among the reported CSI-RS / SSB and time instances.

[0157] (Alt2) The reference RSRP may mean the largest RSRP within the same time instance.

[0158] (Alt3) The reference RSRP may mean the largest RSRP among multiple time instances within the same CSI-RS / SSB.

[0159] (Alt4) The reference RSRP may mean the RSRP related to the combination of Alt1 and Alt2 described above.

[0160] According to this embodiment, the reporting content [of RSRP] corresponding to multiple time instances becomes clear.

[0161] <First Embodiment> The first embodiment relates to a method for reporting (instructing) multiple time instances.

[0162] <<Embodiment 1-1>> The UE may report set #A based on the method shown below.

[0163] UE may report set #A using a specific field.

[0164] The bit width of the specific field (indicating the reporting of set #A) may be determined based on at least one of the following:

[0165] If set #A is indicated from within all reported RSRPs, the bit width of that field is ceil(log ２ It may also be calculated using (N・M).

[0166] If set #A is indicated from within all measured RSRPs, the bit width of that field is ceil(log ２ It may also be calculated using (N.K).

[0167] In this disclosure, ceil(A) may mean multiplying A by a ceiling function. Also, ceil(A) may be transformed / reinterpreted as floor(A). In this disclosure, floor(A) may mean multiplying A by a floor function.

[0168] In this disclosure, M may represent the number of measurements reported [in one time instance], or the number of beams [IDs] reported [in one time instance].

[0169] In the present disclosure, N may represent the number of time instances of the reported measurement / prediction result.

[0170] In the present disclosure, K may represent the number of resources (number of measurement resources) for the measurement / prediction target at [one time instance]. For example, K may be the number of CSI-RS resources / number of SSBs in the corresponding resource set for the measurement / prediction.

[0171] The UE may report M-1 CRIs / SSBRIs for the time instances of set #A using a (K-1)-bit bitmap or ceil(log ２ (C Ｋ－１ Ｍ－１ )) bits (bits for selecting M-1 out of K-1). Here, C may mean combination (the same applies hereinafter).

[0172] In this case, for other time instances, the UE may report M CRIs / SSBRIs or a K-bit bitmap.

[0173] Thereby, the number of bits at the time of reporting can be reduced, and it is possible to reduce the communication overhead.

[0174] <<Embodiment 1-2>> The UE may report the CSI-RS / SSB that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance using a specific field.

[0175] The bit width of the specific field (which indicates the reporting of the CSI-RS / SSB) may be determined based on at least one of the following.

[0176] When the CSI-RS / SSB is indicated from all reported RSRPs, the bit width of the field may be calculated by ceil(log ２ (N·M)).

[0177] If the CSI-RS / SSB is indicated from within all measured RSRPs, the bit width of the field is ceil(log ２ It may also be calculated using (N.K).

[0178] The values ​​of M, N, and K in the above equation are as described above.

[0179] CSI-RS / SSB that achieves the maximum RSRP within a time instance of set #A does not need to be reported.

[0180] In other words, if the contents of Embodiment 1-1 are reported, it is not necessary to report the same contents in Embodiment 1-2. This makes it possible to reduce the number of bits used in reporting and thus reduce communication overhead.

[0181] The UE uses a K-1 bit bitmap, or ceil(log) to indicate other CSI-RS resources and SSBs reported within each time instance. ２ (C Ｋ－１ Ｍ－１ You may report M-1 CRI / SSBRIs using the )) bit (the bit that selects M-1 from K-1).

[0182] <<Embodiment 1-3>> The UE may report the time instance that achieves the maximum RSRP using a specific field.

[0183] The bit width of the specific field (which instructs the reporting of the time instance) may be determined based on the following:

[0184] If one time instance is indicated from among all time instances, the bit width of that field is ceil(log ２ It may also be calculated as (N). The value of N is as described above and may represent the number of time instances of the reported measurement.

[0185] According to this embodiment, the size (bit width) of a specific field for instructing reporting on multiple time instances becomes clear. The UE can use this specific field to appropriately control reporting on multiple time instances.

[0186] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to the definition of RSRP / reference RSRP for multiple time instances.

[0187] The definition of RSRP / reference RSRP may follow at least one of the following options:

[0188] (Opt1) The RSRP value for set #A may be expressed as RSRP (absolute RSRP). Set #A may mean the set of CSI-RS / SSB and time instances that achieves the highest RSRP among all reported sets of CSI-RS / SSB and time instances.

[0189] (Opt2) The RSRP value corresponding to the CSI-RS / SSB that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance other than set #A may be expressed as a differential RSRP. Here, the reference RSRP used to calculate the differential RSRP may mean the RSRP of set #A.

[0190] (Opt3) The remaining RSRP values ​​may be represented by the difference RSRP from the reference RSRP corresponding to the largest RSRP within the same time instance.

[0191] [Absolute] The bit widths of RSRP and differential RSRP may differ for each of the Opt1 to Opt3 described above.

[0192] In this way, by defining multiple reference RSRPs (for example, for each time instance) and using different reference RSRPs depending on the time instance and CSI-RS / SSB, it is possible to make the bit width of the reference RSRP / differential RSRP variable depending on the case. Because the bit widths of the reference RSRP / differential RSRP are different, the value of the differential RSRP will be smaller than when the reference RSRP is always the RSRP of set #A. This makes it possible to reduce communication overhead.

[0193] According to this embodiment, the definition of RSRP / reference RSRP for multiple time instances becomes clear.

[0194] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0195] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0196] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0197] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0198] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0199] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0200] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0201] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0202] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0203] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0204] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0205] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In a UE / BS (NW / gNB / LMF / NG-RAN), specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0206] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: • Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; • Supporting AI-based CSI feedback across multiple time instances; • Specific parameters (e.g., values ​​of M, N, K) supported in each embodiment; • The maximum number of specific parameters (e.g., values ​​of M, N, K) supported in each embodiment; • The number of candidate specific parameters (e.g., values ​​of M, N, K) supported in each embodiment.

[0207] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0208] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0209] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0210] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a beam report to which artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction is applied; and a control unit that controls the transmitting unit to report a specific reference signal received power (RSRP) for a plurality of time instances, wherein the specific RSRP is a set of reference signals and time instances that achieve the maximum RSRP among the plurality of time instances, or an absolute RSRP relating to a reference signal that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the control unit is controlled to report a differential RSRP from a reference RSRP defined for each time instance or for each reference signal. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit determines the bit width of a specific field that instructs the reporting of the absolute RSRP based on a specific parameter. [Note 4] The bit width of a specific field for instructing the reporting of time instances that achieve the absolute RSRP or maximum RSRP is determined based on at least one of the number of measurements to be reported, the number of beam IDs to be reported, and the number of measurement resources, as described in any of Notes 1 to 3.

[0211] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0212] Figure 7 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0213] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0214] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0215] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0216] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0217] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0218] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0219] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0220] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0221] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0222] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0223] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0224] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0225] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0226] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0227] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0228] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0229] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0230] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0231] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0232] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0233] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0234] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0235] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0236] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0237] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0238] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0239] (Base Station) Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0240] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0241] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0242] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0243] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0244] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0245] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0246] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0247] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0248] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0249] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0250] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0251] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0252] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0253] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0254] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0255] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0256] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0257] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0258] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive beam reports to which artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction has been applied. The control unit 110 may control the reception of a specific reference signal received power (RSRP) for a plurality of time instances reported from the terminal. The specific RSRP may be a set of reference signals and time instances that achieve the maximum RSRP among the plurality of time instances, or an absolute RSRP related to a reference signal that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance.

[0259] (User Terminal) Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0260] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0261] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0262] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0263] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0264] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0265] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0266] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0267] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0268] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0269] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0270] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0271] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0272] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0273] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0274] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0275] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0276] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0277] The control unit 210 may perform at least a part of the processing of the control unit as described above.

[0278] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least a part of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit as described above.

[0279] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0280] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0281] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0282] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0283] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0284] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0285] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0286] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0287] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0288] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0289] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0290] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0291] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0292] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0293] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0294] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0295] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0296] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0297] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0298] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0299] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0300] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0301] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0302] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0303] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0304] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0305] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0306] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0307] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0308] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0309] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0310] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0311] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0312] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0313] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0314] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0315] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0316] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0317] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0318] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0319] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0320] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0321] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0322] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0323] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0324] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0325] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0326] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0327] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0328] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0329] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0330] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0331] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0332] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0333] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0334] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0335] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0336] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0337] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0338] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0339] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0340] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0341] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0342] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0343] Figure 11 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0344] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0345] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0346] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0347] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0348] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0349] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0350] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0351] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0352] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0353] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0354] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0355] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0356] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0357] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0358] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0359] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0360] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0361] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0362] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0363] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0364] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0365] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0366] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0367] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0368] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0369] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0370] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0371] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0372] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0373] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0374] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0375] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0376] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0377] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits beam reports applying artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction; and a control unit that controls the reporting of a specific reference signal received power (RSRP) for multiple time instances, wherein the specific RSRP is a set of reference signals and time instances that achieve the maximum RSRP among multiple time instances, or an absolute RSRP relating to a reference signal that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is controlled to report a differential RSRP from a reference RSRP defined for each time instance or for each reference signal.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the bit width of a specific field that instructs the reporting of the absolute RSRP based on a specific parameter.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the bit width of a specific field for instructing the reporting of time instances that achieve the absolute RSRP or maximum RSRP is determined based on at least one of the number of measurements to be reported, the number of beam IDs to be reported, and the number of measurement resources.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: transmitting a beam report applying artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction; and controlling the reporting of a specific reference signal received power (RSRP) for multiple time instances, wherein the specific RSRP is a set of reference signals and time instances that achieve the maximum RSRP among multiple time instances, or an absolute RSRP relating to a reference signal that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance.

6. A base station comprising: a receiving unit that receives beam reports applying artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction; and a control unit that controls the reception of a specific reference signal received power (RSRP) for multiple time instances reported from a terminal, wherein the specific RSRP is a set of reference signals and time instances that achieve the maximum RSRP among multiple time instances, or an absolute RSRP relating to a reference signal that achieves the maximum RSRP within each time instance.

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