Methods, devices, and systems for unmanned aerial vehicle detection and reporting
The implementation of UAV detection and management mechanisms in 3GPP networks addresses the limitations of existing systems by enhancing detection and reporting capabilities, improving resource utilization and performance in sensitive areas.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems have limited functionality in detecting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in sensitive locations such as urban areas and airports, leading to inefficiencies and performance issues.
Implementing a mechanism in 3GPP networks to configure and manage UAV detection by collecting measurement data from network entities and user equipment, supporting aerial UE communication with features like subscription-based identification, altitude reporting, interference detection, flight path information, and location reporting, and enabling BRID and DAA via NR sidelink communication.
Enhances the capability of wireless communication systems to efficiently detect and manage UAVs, improving resource utilization and performance, especially in sensitive areas.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024122661_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE DETECTION AND REPORTINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure is directed generally to wireless communications. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to methods, devices, and systems for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection and reporting.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communication technologies are moving the world toward an increasingly connected and networked society. High-speed, low-latency, and versatile wireless communications rely on efficient network resource management and allocation between user equipment and wireless access network nodes (including but not limited to base stations) . A new generation network is expected to provide high speed, low latency and ultra-reliable communication capabilities and fulfill the requirements from different industries and users.
[0003] In some implementations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and its related productions may be used by common consumers. However, there are some issues / problems associated with UAV technology. For a non-limiting example, some wireless communication systems have limited function to well detect the UAV in a certain serving area, especially in some sensitive location (e.g. urban, railway station, airport, etc. ) .
[0004] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for UAV detection and reporting, addressing at least one of the issues / problems discussed above, enhancing the capability of the wireless communication system and / or improving coordination for UAV, which improves the efficiency and / or performance of the wireless communication.SUMMARY
[0005] This document relates to methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication, and more specifically, for UAV detection and reporting. Various embodiments in the present disclosure may increase the resource utilization efficiency, and / or improve versatile applicability of the wireless communication and / or of user equipment.
[0006] In one embodiment, the present disclosure describes a method for wireless communication. The method includes receiving, by a radio access network (RAN) from a core network (CN) , a first NG application protocol (NGAP) message for configuring or modifying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection; and sending, by the RAN to the CN, a second NGAP message in response to the first NGAP message, wherein the first NGAP message comprises UAV detection information.
[0007] In another embodiment, the present disclosure describes a method for wireless communication. The method includes sending, by a core network (CN) to a radio access network (RAN) , a first NG application protocol (NGAP) message for configuring or modifying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection; and receiving, by the CN, a second NGAP message that is sent by the RAN in response to the first NGAP message, wherein the first NGAP message comprises UAV detection information.
[0008] In some other embodiments, an apparatus for wireless communication may include a memory storing instructions and at least one processing circuitry in communication with the memory. When the at least one processing circuitry executes the instructions, the at least one processing circuitry is configured to carry out any of the methods above and / or in the present disclosure.
[0009] In some other embodiments, a device for wireless communication may include a memory storing instructions and at least one processing circuitry in communication with the memory. When the at least one processing circuitry executes the instructions, the at least one processing circuitry is configured to carry out any of the methods above and / or in the present disclosure.
[0010] In some other embodiments, a computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the methods above and / or in the present disclosure. The computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
[0011] In some other embodiments, a computer program product comprising a computer-readable program medium code stored thereupon, the computer-readable program medium code, when executed by at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to implement any of the methods above and / or in the present disclosure. The computer program product may be a non-transitory computer program product. The computer-readable program medium code may be a non-transitory computer-readable program medium code.
[0012] The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system.
[0014] FIG. 1B shows a schematic diagram of a base station.
[0015] FIG. 1C shows another schematic diagram of a base station.
[0016] FIG. 2 shows an example of a network node.
[0017] FIG. 3 shows an example of a user equipment.
[0018] FIG. 4A shows a flow diagram of a method for wireless communication.
[0019] FIG. 4B shows a flow diagram of another method for wireless communication.
[0020] FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0021] FIG. 6A shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0022] FIG. 6B shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0023] FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0024] FIG. 8 shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0025] FIG. 9 shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0026] FIG. 10 shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0027] FIG. 11A shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0028] FIG. 11B shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0029] FIG. 12 shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0030] FIG. 13 shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.
[0031] FIG. 14 shows a flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment for wireless communication.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The present disclosure will now be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanied drawings, which form a part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific examples of embodiments. Please note that the present disclosure may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, the covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any of the embodiments to be set forth below.
[0033] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment” or “in some embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment” or “in other embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. The phrase “in one implementation” or “in some implementations” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same implementation and the phrase “in another implementation” or “in other implementations” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different implementation. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter includes combinations of exemplary embodiments or implementations in whole or in part.
[0034] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms, such as “and” , “or” , or “and / or, ” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend at least in part upon the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” or “at least one” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a” , “an” , or “the” , again, may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” or “determined by” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
[0035] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection and reporting.
[0036] Wireless communication technologies are moving the world toward an increasingly connected and networked society. High-speed, low-latency, and versatile wireless communications rely on efficient network resource management and allocation between user equipment and wireless access network nodes (including but not limited to base stations) . A new generation network is expected to provide high speed, low latency and ultra-reliable communication capabilities and fulfill the requirements from different industries and users.
[0037] In some implementations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and its related productions may be used by common consumers. However, there are some issues / problems associated with UAV technology. For a non-limiting example, some wireless communication systems have limited function to well detect the UAV in a certain serving area, especially in some sensitive location (e.g. urban, railway station, airport, etc. ) .
[0038] The present disclosure describes various embodiments for UAV detection and reporting, addressing at least one of the issues / problems discussed above, enhancing the capability of the wireless communication system and / or improving coordination for UAV, which improves the efficiency and / or performance of the wireless communication. The present disclosure introduces a new mechanism which can be used by 3GPP network (NW) to configure and perform the UAV / UAV-liked devices in the NW. In some implementation, collecting the measurement data from one or multiple NW entities and / or UEs, 3GPP system may detect / mark the undeclared UAV, then perform proper management to the new detected UAV / UAV-liked device.
[0039] In some implementations, a new radio (NR) may support aerial UE communication with specific aerial related functions. NR connectivity for UEs capable of aerial communication is supported via a portion or all of the following functionalities: subscription-based aerial UE identification and authorization; altitude reporting based on the measurement event (s) where the UE's altitude has crossed a network-configured reference altitude threshold; altitude-dependent configurations which apply only to specific altitude regions; interference detection based on a measurement reporting that is triggered when a configured number of cells (i.e. larger than one) fulfils the triggering criteria simultaneously; signalling of flight path information from UE to NG-RAN and from the source gNB to target gNB during handover; location information reporting, including UE's horizontal and vertical velocity; and / or transmitting of BRID and DAA messages via PC5 interface.
[0040] Some implementations include subscription-based identification of aerial UE. Support for aerial UE functions may be stored in the user's subscription information in united data management (UDM) . UDM transfers this information to an access and mobility management function (AMF) during registration, service request and mobility registration update procedures. In some implementations, the Aerial UE subscription information can be provided by the AMF to the NG-RAN node via the NGAP INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message during the Registration, Mobility Registration Update and Service Request procedures. The subscription information can also be updated via the next generation application protocol (NGAP) UE Context Modification procedure and NGAP Path Switch Request procedure. In addition, for Xn-based handover, the source NG-RAN node can include the Aerial UE subscription information in the XnAP HANDOVER REQUEST message and RETRIEVE UE CONTEXT RESPONSE message to the target NG-RAN node. In some implementations, for intra-and inter-AMF NG-based handover, the AMF provides the Aerial UE subscription information to the target NG-RAN node after the handover procedure.
[0041] Some implementations include altitude-based reporting for aerial UE communication. An Aerial UE can be configured with altitude-dependent, event-based measurement reporting (i.e., eventH1 and eventH2) . An Aerial UE sends a measurement report when its altitude becomes higher or lower than configured threshold. The UE includes its altitude and location information in the measurement report if configured to do so by NG-RAN. RSRP / RSRQ / SINR measurement results are always reported when height reporting is configured. In some implementations, the Aerial UE can also be configured to trigger measurement reporting only when both an altitude-dependent condition and an RSRP / RSRQ / SINR-based condition are met (i.e., eventA3H1, eventA3H2, eventA4H1, eventA4H2, eventA5H1 and eventA5H2, commonly denoted as eventAxHy) . For the content of eventAxHy measurement report, the same rules as described above for eventH1 and eventH2 apply.
[0042] Some implementations include altitude-dependent configurations for aerial UE communication. An Aerial UE can be configured with multiple altitude-dependent configurations, each of which is applied in its corresponding altitude range. Altitude-dependent configurations can be provided independently in measurement object (i.e. SSB-ToMeasureAltitudeBased) and an Aerial UE uses those when in RRC_CONNECTED.
[0043] Some implementations include interference detection and mitigation for aerial UE communication. For interference detection, an Aerial UE can be configured with RRM event A3, A4, A5 or AxHy that triggers measurement report when individual (per cell) RSRP / RSRQ / SINR values (for events A3, A4, A5) or RSRP / RSRQ / SINR and measured Aerial UE's altitude (for events AxHy) for a configured number of cells fulfil the configured event. Once such condition is met and a measurement report is sent, the list of triggered cells is updated when subsequent cell (s) fulfil the event. However, further measurement reports are not sent while the list of triggered cells remains larger than or equal to the configured number of cells unless reportOnLeave is configured.
[0044] Some implementations include flight path information reporting for aerial UE communication. NG-RAN can request the Aerial UE to report flight path information based on the indication from the Aerial UE that flight path information is available or without such indication from the Aerial UE. Flight path information consists of a number of waypoints defined as 3D locations. Aerial UE reports up to a configured number of waypoints if flight path information is available at the UE. The report can also contain a time stamp per waypoint if configured by the NG-RAN and if available at the UE. In some implementations, the flight path information can be also provided by the source gNB to the target gNB during handover. If configured by the NG-RAN and if the associated distance-or time-based condition (e.g., flightPathUpdateDistanceThr and flightPathUpdateTimeThr, respectively) for indication reporting are met for any of the waypoints, the Aerial UE indicates the availability of the updated flight path information. The Aerial UE can also indicate the availability of the updated flight path information if a new waypoint has been added or if a future waypoint has been removed from the flight path information.
[0045] Some implementations include location reporting for aerial UE communication. Location information for Aerial UE communication can include horizontal and vertical speed if configured. Location information can be included in RRM report and in altitude-based reporting.
[0046] Some implementations include BRID and DAA support via A2X communication. The Aerial UE supports A2X communication. BRID relies on broadcasting while DAA can be provided either via unicast or broadcast transmissions in NR sidelink. BRID and DAA message transmission is supported in both in-coverage and out-of-coverage scenarios and relies only on UE autonomous resource selection for NR sidelink communication. In some implementations, BRID and DAA follow the QoS framework defined for NR sidelink and dedicated A2X PQI values are pre-defined and stored. The NG-RAN can configure a separate SL Tx resource pool for BRID and DAA, while the procedure for SL Tx pool selection for A2X may be specified.
[0047] FIG. 1A shows an example of cellular wireless communication network 100 (also referred to as wireless communication system) that includes a core network 110, a radio access network (RAN) 120, and one or more user equipment (UE) 130. The core network 110 may include a user plane function (UPF) , which represents the data plane evolution of a control and user plane separation strategy. The UPF plays the important role in the process of data transfer by providing an interconnect point between the RAN 120 and the Data Network (DN) , for example, encapsulation and decapsulation of GTP-U. The UPF may perform the functionalities including but not limited to serving as an anchor point for intra- / inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, packet routing and forwarding, traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering.
[0048] The core network may include a session management function (SMF) , wherein the SMF performs the functionalities including but not limited to establishment, modification, and release of communication sessions, UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization functions) , selection and control of UPF, and downlink data notification. Each SMF may control one or more UPFs and is associated with a service area being a collection of UPF service areas of all UPFs under its control.
[0049] The RAN 120 further includes multiple base stations 122 and 124 (or referred as network nodes or RANs) . The base station 122 and one or more user equipment (UE) 130 communicate with one another via Uu interface 140. The wireless communication network 100 may be implemented as, as for example, a 2G, 3G, 4G / LTE, 5G, or 6G cellular communication network. Correspondingly, each of the RANs / base stations 122 and 124 may be implemented as a 2G RAN / base station, a 3G RAN / nodeB, an LTE RAN / eNB, a 5G New Radio (NR) RAN / gNB, and / or a NG RAN. The UE 130 may be implemented as mobile or fixed communication devices for accessing the wireless communication network 100. The one or more UE 130 may include but is not limited to mobile phones, aerial UE (e.g., drone etc. ) , internet of things (IoT) devices, machine-type communications (MTC) devices, laptop computers, tablets, personal digital assistants, wearable devices, distributed remote sensor devices, roadside assistant equipment, and desktop computers. Alternative to the context of cellular wireless network, the RAN 120 and the principles described below may be implemented as other types of radio access networks, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and WiMax networks.
[0050] In the example wireless communication system 100 of FIG. 1A, the one or more UE 130 may connect with and establish a communication session with the base station 122 via the Uu interface 140. The communication session between the UE 130 and the base station 122 may utilize downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL) transmission resources. The DL transmission resource carries data from the base station 122 to the UE 130, and the UL transmission resource carries data from the UE 130 to the base station 122. Under certain circumstances, for example when the base station 122 is unavailable or when the UE 130 moves into a coverage of the base station 124, the one or more UE 130 may connect with and establish a communication session with the base station 122, for example, during a handover process.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 1B, a RAN / base station (e.g., gNB) (using 122 as non-limiting example) may have a central-distributed separated structure, which may include a central unit (CU) 160 and one or more distributed unit (DU) 171 and / or 172. The core network (e.g., 5GC) may communicate with the gNB via a NG interface between them. The gNB and another gNB may communicate via a Xn-C interface. The gNB-CU may communicate with the one or more gNB-DU via a F1 interface.
[0052] In some implementations, in the architecture of CU / DU split, a gNB may consist of a gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) and one or more gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU) . A gNB-CU and a gNB-DU is connected via F1 interface. The gNB-CU is defined as a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-DU is defined as a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU.
[0053] In some implementations, the gNB-CU is defined as a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-DU is defined as a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell may be supported by only one gNB-DU.
[0054] FIG. 1C shows another schematic diagram of a base station (e.g., gNB) 150. The gNB may have a central-distributed separated structure, which may include a central unit (CU) 160 and one or more distributed unit (DU) (for example 171 and / or 172) . The CU may include a control plan (gNB-CU-CP) 161 and one or more user plan (gNB-CU-UP) 162. The gNB-CU-CP 161 may be referred as CU-CP or CP, and the gNB-CU-UP 162 may be referred as CU-UP or UP. The CU-CP 161 may communicate with the one or more CU-UP 162 via an E1 interface between them. The CU-CP 161 may communicate with the one or more DU via a F1-C interface, and each of the one or more CU-UP 162 may communicate with the one or more DU via a F1-U interface.
[0055] In some implementations, a NG-RAN may also consist of a set of ng-eNBs, and an ng-eNB may consist of an ng-eNB-CU-CP, one or more ng-eNB-CU-UP (s) , and one or more ng-eNB-DU (s) . An ng-eNB-CU-CP and an ng-eNB-CU-UP is connected via the E1 interface. An ng-eNB-DU is connected to an ng-eNB-CU-CP via the W1-C interface, and to an ng-eNB-CU-UP via the W1-U interface. The various embodiments / implementations described in the present disclosure may also be applicable to ng-eNB and its corresponding E1 and W1 interfaces, if not explicitly specified otherwise.
[0056] In some implementations, a gNB may consist of a gNB-CU-CP, multiple gNB-CU-UPs and multiple gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU-CP is connected to the gNB-DU through the F1-C interface. The gNB-CU-UP is connected to the gNB-DU through the F1-U interface. The gNB-CU-UP is connected to the gNB-CU-CP through the E1 interface. One gNB-DU is connected to only one gNB-CU-CP. One gNB-CU-UP is connected to only one gNB-CU-CP.
[0057] In some implementations, for resiliency, a gNB-DU and / or a gNB-CU-UP may be connected to multiple gNB-CU-CPs by appropriate implementation. In some implementations, one gNB-DU can be connected to multiple gNB-CU-UPs under the control of the same gNB-CU-CP. In some implementations, one gNB-CU-UP can be connected to multiple DUs under the control of the same gNB-CU-CP.
[0058] In some implementations, the connectivity between a gNB-CU-UP and a gNB-DU is established by the gNB-CU-CP using bearer context management functions.
[0059] In some implementations, the gNB-CU-CP selects the appropriate gNB-CU-UP (s) for the requested services for the UE. In some implementations, multiple CU-UPs may belong to same security domain.
[0060] In some implementations, data forwarding between gNB-CU-UPs during intra-gNB-CU-CP handover within a gNB may be supported by Xn-U.
[0061] FIG. 2 shows an example of electronic device 200 to implement a network base station (wireless communication node or gNB) or core network. The example electronic device 200 may include radio transmitting / receiving (Tx / Rx) circuitry 208 to transmit / receive communication with UEs and / or other base stations. The electronic device 200 may also include network interface circuitry 209 to communicate the base station with other base stations and / or a core network, e.g., optical or wireline interconnects, Ethernet, and / or other data transmission mediums / protocols. The electronic device 200 may optionally include an input / output (I / O) interface 206 to communicate with an operator or the like.
[0062] The electronic device 200 may also include system circuitry 204. System circuitry 204 may include processor (s) 221 and / or memory 222. Memory 222 may include an operating system 224, instructions 226, and parameters 228. Instructions 226 may be configured for the one or more of the processors 124 to perform the functions of the network node. The parameters 228 may include parameters to support execution of the instructions 226. For example, parameters may include network protocol settings, bandwidth parameters, radio frequency mapping assignments, and / or other parameters.
[0063] FIG. 3 shows an example of an electronic device to implement a terminal device 300 (for example, wireless communication terminal or user equipment (UE) ) . The UE 300 may be a mobile device, for example, a smart phone, or a mobile communication module disposed in a vehicle or a drone. The UE 300 may include communication interfaces 302, a system circuitry 304, an input / output interfaces (I / O) 306, a display circuitry 308, and a storage 309. The display circuitry may include a user interface 310. The system circuitry 304 may include any combination of hardware, software, firmware, or other logic / circuitry. The system circuitry 304 may be implemented, for example, with one or more systems on a chip (SoC) , application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , discrete analog and digital circuits, and other circuitry. The system circuitry 304 may be a part of the implementation of any desired functionality in the UE 300. In that regard, the system circuitry 304 may include logic that facilitates, as examples, decoding and playing music and video, e.g., MP3, MP4, MPEG, AVI, FLAC, AC3, or WAV decoding and playback; running applications; accepting user inputs; saving and retrieving application data; establishing, maintaining, and terminating cellular phone calls or data connections for, as one example, internet connectivity; establishing, maintaining, and terminating wireless network connections, Bluetooth connections, or other connections; and displaying relevant information on the user interface 310. The user interface 310 and the inputs / output (I / O) interfaces 306 may include a graphical user interface, touch sensitive display, haptic feedback or other haptic output, voice or facial recognition inputs, buttons, switches, speakers and other user interface elements. Additional examples of the I / O interfaces 306 may include microphones, video and still image cameras, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, rotation and orientation sensors, headset and microphone input / output jacks, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors, memory card slots, radiation sensors (e.g., IR sensors) , and other types of inputs.
[0064] Referring to FIG. 3, the communication interfaces 302 may include a Radio Frequency (RF) transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) circuitry 316 which handles transmission and reception of signals through one or more antennas 314. The communication interface 302 may include one or more transceivers. The transceivers may be wireless transceivers that include modulation / demodulation circuitry, digital to analog converters (DACs) , shaping tables, analog to digital converters (ADCs) , filters, waveform shapers, filters, pre-amplifiers, power amplifiers and / or other logic for transmitting and receiving through one or more antennas, or (for some devices) through a physical (e.g., wireline) medium. The transmitted and received signals may adhere to any of a diverse array of formats, protocols, modulations (e.g., QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM) , frequency channels, bit rates, and encodings. As one specific example, the communication interfaces 302 may include transceivers that support transmission and reception under the 2G, 3G, BT, WiFi, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) , High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) +, 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) , 5G standards, 6G, and / or any other telecommunication standards. The techniques described below, however, are applicable to other wireless communications technologies whether arising from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , GSM Association, 3GPP2, IEEE, or other partnerships or standards bodies.
[0065] Referring to FIG. 3, the system circuitry 304 may include one or more processors 321 and memories 322. The memory 322 stores, for example, an operating system 324, instructions 326, and parameters 328. The processor 321 is configured to execute the instructions 326 to carry out desired functionality for the UE 300. The parameters 328 may provide and specify configuration and operating options for the instructions 326. The memory 322 may also store any BT, WiFi, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, or other data that the UE 300 will send, or has received, through the communication interfaces 302. In various implementations, a system power for the UE 300 may be supplied by a power storage device, such as a battery or a transformer.
[0066] The present disclosure describes various embodiment for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection and reporting, which may be implemented, partly or totally, on the core network, the network base station, and / or the user equipment described above in FIGS. 1A -3.
[0067] Referring to FIG. 4A, the present disclosure describes various embodiments of a method 400 for wireless communication, which is performed by a wireless communication node (e.g., a radio access network (RAN) ) comprising a memory storing instructions and at least one processor in communication with the memory. The method 400 may include a portion or all of the following steps: step 410, receiving, by a radio access network (RAN) from a core network (CN) , a first NG application protocol (NGAP) message for configuring or modifying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection; and / or step 420, sending, by the RAN to the CN, a second NGAP message in response to the first NGAP message, wherein the first NGAP message comprises UAV detection information. In some implementations, the RAN may send to the CN the detection result on whether a UE may be a UAV / UAV-liked device. In some implementations, the first NGAP message may comprises a portion or all of the following: UAV detection information, UAV measurement information, and / or UAV judgement information.
[0068] Referring to FIG. 4B, the present disclosure describes various embodiments of a method 450 for wireless communication, which is performed by a core network (CN) or a specific function inside the CN, which comprises a memory storing instructions and at least one processor in communication with the memory. The method 450 may include a portion or all of the following steps: step 460, sending, by a core network (CN) to a radio access network (RAN) , a first NG application protocol (NGAP) message for configuring or modifying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection; and / or step 470, receiving, by the CN, a second NGAP message that is sent by the RAN in response to the first NGAP message, wherein the first NGAP message comprises UAV detection information. In some implementations, the RAN may send to the CN the detection result on whether a UE may be a UAV / UAV-liked device. In some implementations, the first NGAP message may comprises a portion or all of the following: UAV detection information, UAV measurement information, and / or UAV judgement information.
[0069] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the UAV detection information is per node without being related to any specific UE.
[0070] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the first NGAP message comprises at least one of the following: a measurement identifier (ID) for identifying the UAV detection information, an UAV detection measurement indication for indicating UAV detection information, start-stop UAV detection measurement information for informing whether the RAN starts or stops the UAV detection measurement, reporting address information for informing where the RAN node sends an UAV detection report, reporting period or frequency information for showing an reporting period or frequency for the RAN, a configuration granularity for indicating a granularity of the UAV detection information, a measurement item for informing what is measured by the RAN, and / or a measurement period for informing the measurement period for an execution unit.
[0071] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the reporting address information comprises at least one of the following: a CN entity, and / or a non-3GPP-defined entity; and / or the start-stop UAV detection measurement information comprises one of the following: time information for indicating when the RAN start or stop the UAV detection measurement, and / or an indicator for indicating explicitly that the RAN start or stop the UAV detection measurement; and / or the configuration granularity comprises at least one of the following: per beam, per cell, per distributed unit (DU) , and / or per RAN.
[0072] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the second NGAP message comprises acknowledgment (ACK) information.
[0073] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the UAV detection information in the first NGAP message is a preferred UAV detection measurement configuration; the RAN modifies the preferred UAV detection measurement configuration based on a local condition of the RAN; and / or the second NGAP message comprises the modified UAV detection measurement configuration as a final UAV detection measurement configuration for sending to the CN.
[0074] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , a centralized unit (CU) in the RAN sends a first F1AP message to a distributed unit (DU) in the RAN, the first F1AP message comprises a preferred UAV detection measurement configuration; the DU modifies the preferred UAV detection measurement configuration based on a local condition of the DU; and / or the DU sends a second F1AP message to the CU, the second F1AP comprises the modified UAV detection measurement configuration as a final UAV detection measurement configuration.
[0075] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the UAV detection information is for per UE; the first NGAP message is a UE-associated message, and the UAV detection information is for one specific UE; and / or the first NGAP message is a non-UE-associated message, and the UAV detection information is for more than one specific UEs.
[0076] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the first NGAP message comprises at least one of the following: UE ID information for identifying the one or more specific UEs, a measurement ID for identifying the UAV detection measurement configuration, an UAV detection measurement indication for indicating UAV detection information, start-stop UAV detection measurement information for informing whether the RAN starts or stops the UAV detection measurement, reporting address information for informing where the RAN node sends an UAV detection report, reporting period or frequency information for showing an reporting period or frequency for the RAN, a measurement item for informing what is measured by the RAN, and / or a measurement period for informing the measurement period for an execution unit.
[0077] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the reporting address information comprises at least one of the following: a CN entity, or a non-3GPP-defined entity; and / or the start-stop UAV detection measurement information comprises one of the following: time information for indicating when the RAN start or stop the UAV detection measurement, and / or an indicator for indicating explicitly that the RAN start or stop the UAV detection measurement; and / or
[0078] the configuration granularity comprises at least one of the following: per beam, per cell, per distributed unit (DU) , or per RAN.
[0079] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the method may further include receiving, by the RAN from the CN, a third NGAP message for releasing the configured UAV detection information; and / or in response to a release procedure being a class 1 procedure, sending, by the RAN to the CN, a fourth NGAP message in response to the third NGAP message, wherein the third NGAP message comprises UAV detection measurement release.
[0080] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the third NGAP message comprises at least one of the following: UE ID information for identifying the one or more specific UEs, a measurement ID for identifying the UAV detection information, an UAV detection measurement release indication for indicating the RAN to release the configured UAV detection information; and / or the fourth NGAP message comprises ACK information.
[0081] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , in response to the RAN’s failure to receive, keep, or configure the UAV detection information, the RAN closes the received procedure; and / or the second NGAP message comprises at least one of the following: UE ID information for identifying the one or more specific UEs, a measurement ID for identifying the UAV detection information, a failure indication for indicating the configuration procedure is failed to be further performed, and / or a cause value for informing a detailed reason on why the configuration procedure fails.
[0082] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , in response to the RAN’s partial failure to receive, keep, or configure the UAV detection information, the RAN performs a normal part of the UAV detection information and reports the partial failure to the CN; and / or the second NGAP message comprises at least one of the following: successful configuration information for indicating which part in the received UAV detection information is successfully deployed, and / or failed configuration information for indicating which part in the received UAV detection information is failed.
[0083] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the failed UAV detection information comprises at least one of the following: a failure indication for indicating that the configuration procedure is failed to be performed, and / or a cause value for informing a detailed reason on why the configuration procedure fails.
[0084] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the method may further include sending, by the RAN to the CN, a third NGAP message for reporting a UAV detection result; and / or receiving, by the RAN from the CN, a fourth NGAP message in response to the third NGAP message, wherein the third NGAP message comprises a UAV detection report.
[0085] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the third NGAP message comprises at least one of the following: no-UAV-detected indication for indicating the CN that the RAN does not detect any suspected UAV, UAV-detected indication for indicating the CN that the RAN detects at least one suspected UAV or UAV, UAV information comprising at least one UE NGAP ID for informing the CN that at least one UE is detected as suspected UAV or UAV, measured UE information indicating one or multiple UEs which has been measured, and / or detail measurement report information for each suspected UAV, UAV, and / or measured UE.
[0086] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the method may further include receiving, by the RAN from the CN, a fifth NGAP message for sending the detected UAV information; and / or sending, by the RAN to the CN, a sixth NGAP message in response to the fifth NGAP message, wherein the fifth NGAP message comprises at least one of the following: UE information for identifying at least one UE, suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the RAN whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device, and / or valid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.
[0087] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the method may further include receiving, by the DU from the CU, a third F1AP message for sending the detected UAV information; and / or sending, by the DU to the CU, a fourth F1AP message in response to the third F1AP message, wherein the third F1AP message comprises at least one of the following: UE information for identifying at least one UE, suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the DU whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device, and / or valid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.
[0088] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the RAN comprises a source node and a target node; and / or the method further comprises: sending, by the source node to the target node, a first XnAP message for transmitting UAV information, and / or receiving, by the source node from the target node, a second XnAP message in response to the first XnAP message, wherein the first XnAP message comprises at least one of the following: suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the target node whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device, UE XnAP ID for identifying at least one UE in XnAP, and / or valid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.
[0089] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the RAN comprises a source node and a target node; and / or the method further comprises: receiving, by the source node from the target node, a first XnAP message, and / or sending, by the source node to the target node, a second XnAP message for transmitting UAV information in response to the first XnAP message, wherein the second XnAP message comprises at least one of the following: suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the target node whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device, UE XnAP ID for identifying at least one UE in XnAP, and / or valid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.
[0090] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the RAN comprises a source node and a target node; and / or the method further comprises: sending, by the source node to the CN, a NGAP handover request message for transmitting UAV information during NG based handover procedure, receiving, by the target node from the CN, the NGAP handover request message, sending, by the target node to the CN, a NGAP handover request acknowledge message, and / or receiving, by the source node from the CN, a NGAP handover command message,
[0091] In some implementations, in addition to a portion, an entire, or any combination of the described implementation (s) / embodiment (s) , the NGAP handover request message comprises at least one of the following: suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the target node whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device, UE NGAP ID for identifying at least one UE in NGAP, and / or valid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.
[0092] The present disclosure describes various exemplary embodiments for UAV detection and reporting in a mobile communication system, and the exemplary embodiments merely serve as examples and do not pose limitations. Any steps and / or operations in one same embodiment / implementation or more than one different embodiments / implementation in the present disclosure may be combined or arranged in any amount or order, as desired. Two or more of the steps and / or operations may be performed in parallel. Embodiments and implementations in the disclosure may be used separately or combined in any order. Further, each of the methods (or embodiments) may be implemented by processing circuitry (e.g., one or more processors or one or more integrated circuits) .
[0093] Embodiment Set I
[0094] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes methods for performing UAV detection measurement configuration at a per-node level (granularity) .
[0095] In some implementations as shown in FIG. 5, in step 510, a core network (CN) may send a first NGAP message (NGAP message 1) to configure the measurement on detecting UAV to one or more radio access network (RAN) node (s) . In some implementations, this configuration may not be related to any specific UE (e.g. the configuration does not contain any detail UE information) . When the RAN node receives this configuration, the RAN node may keep this configuration locally and start to perform the measurement based on received configuration.
[0096] In some implementations, the first NGAP message may include UAV detection information, e.g., UAV detection measurement configuration. The first NGAP message may include at least one of the following information.
[0097] Measurement ID is used to identify a UAV detection measurement configuration.
[0098] UAV detection measurement indication is an indication of UAV detection measurement indication. When the RAN node receives this information without other detail information, RAN node may perform the UAV detection measurement and / or reporting based on implementation or based on common understanding which is not formally defined by 3GPP.
[0099] Start / Stop the UAV detection measurement information informs whether the RAN should start or stop the UAV detection measurement. At least one of the following alternatives may be considered: time information may be provided to show when the RAN node should start or stop the measurement; and / or one indicator may be provided to the RAN to explicitly show the measurement should be started or stopped.
[0100] Reporting address information shows where the RAN node should send the UAV detection report. The receiver may be existing 3GPP defined CN entity (e.g., access and mobility management function (AMF) or location management function (LMF) ) or non 3GPP defined entity (e.g., Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) , Measurement Collection Entity (MCE) , Tracing Collection Entity (TCE) , Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) , Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) defined entities, etc. )
[0101] Reporting period / frequency information shows the reporting frequency / period for RAN node.
[0102] Configuration granularity shows the granularity of this measurement configuration. At least one of the following the configuration granularity may be informed: Per-beam level, wherein the measurement configuration is configured as per beam level, and one or multiple beam information may be shown here; Per-cell level, wherein measurement configuration is configured as per beam level, and one or multiple cell information may be is shown here; Per-DU level, wherein the measurement configuration is configured as per DU level, and one or multiple DU information is shown here; and / or Per-RAN node level, wherein the measurement configuration is configured as per RAN node, and one or more RAN node information may be shown here. Furthermore, for this granularity, CU may further configure the UAV detection measurement to necessary DU (s) based on implementation.
[0103] Detail measurement information may include a portion or all of the following. Measurement item informs what shall be measured by the entity, wherein detail execution unit depends on the granularity information. At least one of the following information may be informed: UE timing advance (TA) , UE power headroom report (PHR) , UE angle of arrival (AoA) . Measurement period informs the measurement period for the execution unit.
[0104] In some implementations, a CN may use this procedure to configure new UAV detection measurement or modify the configured UAV detection measurement to a RAN node.
[0105] In some implementations, for 3GPP selected configuration granularity, each granularity entity may have the same detail measurement information or have different measurement information. In some implementations, specifically, at least one of the following structures may be selected by 3GPP. Detail measurement information and configuration granularity may share the same level in the configuration, which may mean that the detail measurement information may be used for all involved entity / entities in this granularity. Detail measurement is the sub-level of the configuration, wherein for each involved entity / entities in configuration granularity, there is a detail measurement information.
[0106] In some implementations, when the RAN node receives the NGAP message 1, in step 520, the RAN node may reply a second NGAP message (NGAP message 2) with acknowledgement (ACK) information to the CN.
[0107] Embodiment Set II
[0108] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes some other methods for performing UAV detection measurement configuration at a per-node level (granularity) .
[0109] In some implementations as shown in FIG. 6A, in step 610, a CN may send the preferred UAV detection measurement configuration in NGAP message 1 to one or more RAN node (s) . When the RAN node receives the configuration, the RAN node may use the received information as reference; and / or the RAN node may use self modified UAV detection measurement configuration for the UAV detection based on the local condition. In some implemenations, in step 620, the RAN may reply the final measurement configuration in NGAP message 2 to the CN. The information that may be informed in the preferred UAV detection measurement configuration and / or final UAV detection measurement configuration may include a portion or all of the detailed information as described in Embodiment Set I.
[0110] In some implementations as shown in FIG. 6B, in step 650, a CU may send the preferred UAV detection measurement configuration in F1AP message 1 to one or more DU (s) . When the DU receives the configuration, the DU may use the received information as reference. The DU may use self modified UAV detection measurement configuration for the UAV detection based on the local condition. In step 660, the DU replies the final measurement configuration in F1AP message 2 to the CU. The information that may be informed in the preferred UAV detection measurement configuration and / or final UAV detection measurement configuration may include a portion or all of the detailed information as described in Embodiment Set I.
[0111] Embodiment Set III
[0112] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes methods for performing UAV detection measurement configuration at a per-UE level (granularity) .
[0113] In some implementations as shown in FIG. 7, in step 710, a CN may configure the UAV detection measurement configuration in NGAP message 1 for one or multiple specific UEs. Based on some early received information, the CN may recognize that one or multiple UEs may have high possibility to be a UAV. Hence the CN sends NGAP message 1 to RAN with at least one of the following information.
[0114] UE ID information is used to identify UE. One or multiple UE info may be involved based on different alternatives shown in the present disclosure. UE NGAP ID may be used here. At least one of the following information may be informed: AMF UE NGAP ID, RAN UE NGAP ID, and / or 5G-S-Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (5G-S-TMSI) .
[0115] Measurement ID is used to identify a UAV detection measurement configuration.
[0116] UAV detection measurement indication is an indication of UAV detection measurement indication. When a RAN node receives this information without other detail information, the RAN node may perform the UAV detection measurement and / or reporting based on implementation or based on common understanding which is not formally defined by 3GPP.
[0117] Start / Stop the UAV detection measurement information informs whether RAN should start or stop the UAV detection measurement. At least one of the following alternatives may be considered: time info may be provided to show when shall the RAN node start or stop the measurement; and / or one indicator may be provided to RAN to explicitly show the measurement shall be started or stopped.
[0118] Reporting address information shows where the RAN node should send the UAV detection report. The receiver may be existing 3GPP defined CN entity (e.g. AMF, LMF, etc) or non 3GPP defined entity (e.g. OAM, MCE, TCE, CAA, ECC defined entities, etc. )
[0119] Reporting period / frequency information shows the reporting frequency / period for the RAN node.
[0120] Detail measurement information may include a portion or all of the following: measurement item informing what shall be measured by the entity (detail execution unit depends on the granularity information) , wherein at least one of the following info may be informed: UE TA, UE PHR, and / or UE AoA; and / or measurement period informing the measurement period for the execution unit.
[0121] In some implementations, the CN may use UE associated message to transmit the UAV detection measurement configuration to the RAN node. In this alternative, only 1 UE may be identified in NGAP message 1. The RAN node may link this configuration to UE context and perform the measurement based on received configuration.
[0122] In some implementations, the CN may use non-UE associated message to transmit the UAV detection measurement configuration to the RAN node. In this alternative, one or multiple UE may be identified in NGAP message 1. RAN node may keep the received measurement locally and perform the measurement based on received configuration. In this alternative, all involved UE may use the same measurement configuration. It is also possible for each UE has its own measurement configuration (either same or different) .
[0123] In some implementations, the CN may use this procedure to configure new UAV detection measurement or modify the configured UAV detection measurement to the RAN node.
[0124] In some implementations, when the RAN node receives NGAP message 1, in step 720, the RAN node may keep the configuration and reply NGAP message 2 to the CN.
[0125] Embodiment Set IV
[0126] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes methods for performing UAV detection measurement release. The embodiment may be applicable to either per-node level or per-UE level (granularity) , showing how a CN releases an existing UAV detection measurement configuration at a RAN node side.
[0127] In some implementations as shown in FIG. 8, in step 810, a CN sends the NGAP message 1 to one or more RAN node (s) with at least one of the following info.
[0128] UE ID information is used to identify UE. One or multiple UE info may be involved based on different alternatives shown in the present disclosure. UE NGAP ID may be used here. At least one of the following info may be informed: AMF UE NGAP ID, RAN UE NGAP ID, and / or 5G-S-TMSI.
[0129] Measurement ID is used to identify a UAV detection measurement configuration.
[0130] UAV detection measurement release indication is used to inform that the RAN node should release the previous configured UAV detection measurement configuration.
[0131] In some implementations when the RAN node receives the NGAP message 1, the RAN node shall release the related configuration. In some implementations, after that, in step 820, the RAN node may reply NGAP message 2 to CN with ACK information.
[0132] In some implementations, this procedure may either be class 1 procedure or class 2 procedure. When this procedure is defined as a class 2 procedure, the NGAP message 2 is not needed (i.e., there is no step 820) .
[0133] Embodiment Set V
[0134] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes some methods for performing UAV detection measurement failure handling.
[0135] In some implementations referring to FIG. 9, a CN may send to a RAN node UAV detection measurement configuration in step 910. When the RAN node fails to receive, keep, or configure the UAV detection measurement configuration, the RAN node may directly close the received procedure. In some implementations, the RAN node may not keep any received info and directly return failure indication to CN in step 920.
[0136] In some implementations, at least one of the following info may be informed in NGAP message 2.
[0137] UE ID information is used to identify UE. one or multiple UE info may be involved based on different alternatives shown below. UE NGAP ID may be used here. At least one of the following info may be informed: AMF UE NGAP ID, RAN UE NGAP ID, and / or 5G-S-TMSI.
[0138] Measurement ID is used to identify a UAV detection measurement configuration.
[0139] Failure indication informs this procedure is failed to be further performed.
[0140] Cause value informs the detail reason on why this procedure can not be performed.
[0141] Embodiment Set VI
[0142] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes some other methods for performing UAV detection measurement failure handling.
[0143] In some implementations, when a RAN node partially fails to keep, or configure the UAV detection measurement configuration from a CN, the RAN node may keep and perform a portion (referred as the normal part) of the configuration and reply this partial failed situation in NGAP message 2 to the CN.
[0144] In some implementations, for per-UE case, at least one of the following information may be informed in NGAP message 2.
[0145] Succeed configuration information informs which part in the received configuration is successfully deployed. The information that may be informed may include a portion or all of the information described in Embodiment Sets I and / or III.
[0146] Failed configuration information informs which part in the received configuration is failed. At least one of the following info may be informed: failure indication informing that this procedure is failed to be performed; cause value informing the detail reason on why this procedure can not be performed; and / or a portion or all of the information described in Embodiment Sets I and / or III.
[0147] Embodiment Set VII
[0148] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes methods for performing UAV detection reporting, which may be used to introduce how a RAN node transmits the UAV detection report to a CN.
[0149] In some implementations referring to FIG. 10, in step 1010, a RAN node sends the NGAP message 1 with the UAV detection report (s) to a CN. At least one of the following information may be informed to CN:
[0150] No UAV detected indication is used to inform the CN that the RAN node does not detect any suspected UAV.
[0151] UAV detected indication is used to inform the CN that the RAN node detects suspected UAV or UAV.
[0152] Detected suspected UAV or UAV information is used to inform the CN that one or multiple UE (s) is detected as suspected UAV or UAV. One or multiple UE information may be contained in this part. UE NGAP ID may be used here. At least one of the following info may be informed: AMF UE NGAP ID, RAN UE NGAP ID, and / or 5G-S-TMSI.
[0153] Measured UE information may contain one or multiple UEs information which has been measured. UE NGAP ID may be used here. At least one of the following info may be informed: AMF UE NGAP ID, RAN UE NGAP ID, and / or 5G-S-TMSI.
[0154] Detail measurement report information may be included. For each suspected UAV, UAV, and / or measured UE, measurement report with detailed measurement data may be forwarded to the CN. Detail measurement information depends on the measurement configuration that are described in other portions in the present disclosure.
[0155] In some implementations, based on different scenario, a RAN node may report different information in step 1010.
[0156] For one example, when the RAN node has authorization to directly decided whether a UE is a UAV or not, the RAN node may send the detected UAV information and / or the detail measurement report for the detected UAV to the CN.
[0157] For another example, when the RAN node doesn’ t have authorization to decide whether a UE is a UAV or not, the RAN node may send at least one of the following information: all or some of the measured UE information and / or the detail measurement data for these measured UEs to the CN; and / or all or some of the detected suspected UAV information and / or the detail measurement data for these detected suspected UAV to the CN.
[0158] In some implementations, when this procedure is a UE associated procedure, only one UE information may be added in NGAP message 1.
[0159] In some implementations, when this procedure is a non-UE associated procedure, one or multiple UE information may be added in NGAP message 1.
[0160] Embodiment Set VIII
[0161] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes methods for performing detected UAV information configuration.
[0162] In some implementations, based on the received UAV detection measurement information, a system (e.g., a CN) decides to mark a UE as a UAV, UAV-liked device, or suspected UAV. Referring to FIG. 11A, in step 1110, the CN may send the detected UAV information by using NGAP message 1. At least one of the following information may be informed by the CN to one or more RAN.
[0163] UE information is used to identify UE in NGAP. At least one of the following info may be informed: AMF UE NGAP ID, RAN UE NGAP ID, and / or 5G-S-TMSI.
[0164] Suspected UAV or UAV indication is used to inform RAN node whether a UE should be marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device. This may be used to mark a UE to UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device or mark a UAV / UAV-liked device to UE.
[0165] Valid period or expired time information is used to inform when the mark of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication can be expired. After this time, when this UE is not re-marked as suspected UAV or UAV, NW shall treat this UE as a normal UE.
[0166] In some implementations, when this procedure is a UE associated procedure, only one UE information may be added in NGAP message 1.
[0167] In some implementations, when this procedure is a non-UE associated procedure, one or multiple UE info may be added in NGAP message 1.
[0168] In some implementations, when the RAN node receives NGAP message 1, it may keep the received information locally and / or link this information to UE context. After that, in step 1120, the RAN node may reply NGAP message 2 to the CN, for example, the NGAP message 2 may include ACK information.
[0169] In some implementations, based on the received UAV detection measurement info, a system (e.g., a CU) decides to mark a UE as a UAV, UAV-liked device, or suspected UAV. Referring to FIG. 11B, in step 1150, the CU may send the detected UAV information to one or more DUs by using F1AP message 1. At least one of the following info may be informed.
[0170] UE information is used to identify UE in F1AP.
[0171] Suspected UAV or UAV indication is used to inform the DU whether a UE shall be marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device. This may be used to mark a UE to UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device or mark a UAV / UAV-liked device to UE.
[0172] Valid period or expired time information is used to inform when the mark of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication can be expired. After this time, when this UE is not re-marked as suspected UAV or UAV, the DU shall treat this UE as a normal UE.
[0173] In some implementations, when this procedure is a UE associated procedure, only one UE information may be added in F1AP message 1.
[0174] In some implementations, when this procedure is a non-UE associated procedure, one or multiple UE information may be added in F1AP message 1.
[0175] In some implementations, when the DU receives F1AP message 1, it may keep the received info locally and / or link this information to UE context. After that, in step 1160, the DU may reply F1AP message 2 to the CU.
[0176] Embodiment Set IX
[0177] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes some methods for performing UAV information transmission via XnAP messages, and may be also applicable for other common XnAP procedures. Some exemplary embodiments with handover procedure are described, which are not limited to handover procedure (e.g. transmitting UAV information between master network (MN) and secondary network (SN) ) .
[0178] In some implementations, how UAV related information is transferred between a source node and a target node is described. Referring to FIG. 12, in step 1210, a source node sends the XnAP message 1 to a target node. The XnAP message 1 may be either new defined message or existing ones (e.g. Handover request message, S-Node Addition request, S-Node Modification Request, S-Node Modification Required, and / or other new XnAP procedures) . At least one of the following information may be informed in this message.
[0179] Suspected UAV or UAV information is used to inform the target node (e.g., a RAN node) that a UE is a suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV.
[0180] UE XnAP ID is used to identify a UE in XnAP.
[0181] Valid period or expired time information is used to inform when the mark of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication can be expired. After this time, if this UE is not re-marked as suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV, NW shall treat this UE as a normal UE.
[0182] In some implementations, the target node receives the XnAP message 1 and stores the received info into UE context. In step 1220, the tagret node replies XnAP message 2.
[0183] Embodiment Set X
[0184] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes some other methods for performing UAV information transmission via XnAP messages, which may be another alternative on how to transfer the UAV related information between a source node and a target node.
[0185] In some implementations, referring to FIG. 13, in step 1310, a target node sends the XnAP message 1 to a source node; and in step 1320, the ource node replies XnAP message 2 to the target node. The XnAP message 2 may be either a new defined message or existing ones (e.g. S-Node Addition Request Acknowledge , S-Node Modifictaion Request Acknowledge, S-Node Modification Confirm, and / or Retrieve UE Context Response) . At least one of the following info may be informed in XnAP message 2.
[0186] Suspected UAV or UAV information is used to inform the target node (e.g., a RAN node) that a UE is a suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV.
[0187] UE XnAP ID is used to identify a UE in XnAP.
[0188] Valid period or expired time information is used to inform when the mark of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication can be expired. After this time, when this UE is not re-marked as suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV, NW may treat this UE as a normal UE.
[0189] Embodiment Set XI
[0190] Various embodiments in the present disclosure describes methods for performing UAV information transmission in NGAP handover, which may be used to address the problem of how to transmit the UAV related information during NG based handover procedure.
[0191] In some implementations, referring to FIG. 14, in step 1410, a source node sends the NGAP handover request message (i.e., NGAP message 1) to a CN. At least one of the following information may be informed in this message.
[0192] Suspected UAV or UAV information is used to inform a target node that a UE is a suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV.
[0193] UE NGAP ID is used to identify a UE in NGAP.
[0194] Valid period or expired time information is used to inform when the mark of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication can be expired. After this time, if this UE is not re-marked as suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV, NW shall treat this UE as a normal UE.
[0195] In step 1420, in response to the CN receives the NGAP message 1, the CN sends the NGAP handover request message (i.e., NGAP message 2) to a target node. At least one of the following info may be informed in this message.
[0196] Suspected UAV or UAV information is used to inform the target node that a UE is a suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV.
[0197] UE NGAP ID is used to identify a UE in NGAP.
[0198] Valid period or expired time information is used to inform when the mark of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication can be expired. After this time, if this UE is not re-marked as suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV, NW shall treat this UE as a normal UE.
[0199] In step 1430, the target node replies NGAP handover request acknowledge message (i.e., NGAP message 3) to the CN.
[0200] In step 1440, the CN replies NGAP handover command message (i.e., NGAP message 4) to the source node.
[0201] The present disclosure describes methods, apparatus, and computer-readable medium for UAV detection and reporting in a mobile communication system. The present disclosure addressed the issues with configuring UAV detection and reporting in a wireless communication system. The methods, devices, and computer-readable medium described in the present disclosure may facilitate the performance of UAV detection and reporting in wireless communication, thus improving efficiency and overall performance. The methods, devices, and computer-readable medium described in the present disclosure may improves the overall efficiency of the wireless communication systems.
[0202] In some other embodiments, a computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the above methods. The computer-readable medium may be referred as non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) that stores data for extended periods such as a flash drive or compact disk (CD) , or for short periods in the presence of power such as a memory device or random access memory (RAM) . In some embodiments, computer-readable instructions may be included in a software, which is embodied in one or more tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media. Such non-transitory computer-readable media can be media associated with user-accessible mass storage as well as certain short-duration storage that are of non-transitory nature, such as internal mass storage or ROM. The software implementing various embodiments of the present disclosure can be stored in such devices and executed by a processor (or processing circuitry) . A computer-readable medium can include one or more memory devices or chips, according to particular needs. The software can cause the processor (including CPU, GPU, FPGA, and the like) to execute particular processes or particular parts of particular processes described herein, including defining data structures stored in RAM and modifying such data structures according to the processes defined by the software. In various embodiments in the present disclosure, the term “processor” may mean one processor that performs the defined functions, steps, or operations or a plurality of processors that collectively perform defined functions, steps, or operations, such that the execution of the individual defined functions may be divided amongst such plurality of processors.
[0203] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present solution should be or are included in any single implementation thereof. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout the specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
[0204] Furthermore, the described features, advantages and characteristics of the present solution may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, for non-limiting examples, a portion from one or more embodiment may be combined with another portion of other embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the present solution can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present solution.
Claims
A method for wireless communication, comprising:receiving, by a radio access network (RAN) from a core network (CN) , a first NG application protocol (NGAP) message for configuring or modifying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection; andsending, by the RAN to the CN, a second NGAP message in response to the first NGAP message,wherein the first NGAP message comprises UAV detection information.A method for wireless communication, comprising:sending, by a core network (CN) to a radio access network (RAN) , a first NG application protocol (NGAP) message for configuring or modifying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection; andreceiving, by the CN, a second NGAP message that is sent by the RAN in response to the first NGAP message,wherein the first NGAP message comprises UAV detection information.The method according to any of claims 1 to 2, wherein:the UAV detection information is per node without being related to any specific UE.The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein:the first NGAP message comprises at least one of the following:a measurement identifier (ID) for identifying the UAV detection information,an UAV detection measurement indication for indicating UAV detection information,start-stop UAV detection measurement information for informing whether the RAN starts or stops the UAV detection measurement,reporting address information for informing where the RAN node sends an UAV detection report,reporting period or frequency information for showing an reporting period or frequency for the RAN,a configuration granularity for indicating a granularity of the UAV detection information,a measurement item for informing what is measured by the RAN, ora measurement period for informing the measurement period for an execution unit.The method according to claim 4, wherein:the reporting address information comprises at least one of the following: a CN entity, or a non-3GPP-defined entity;the start-stop UAV detection measurement information comprises one of the following:time information for indicating when the RAN start or stop the UAV detection measurement, oran indicator for indicating explicitly that the RAN start or stop the UAV detection measurement; orthe configuration granularity comprises at least one of the following: per beam, per cell, per distributed unit (DU) , or per RAN.The method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein:the second NGAP message comprises acknowledgment (ACK) information.The method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein:the UAV detection information in the first NGAP message is a preferred UAV detection measurement configuration;the RAN modifies the preferred UAV detection measurement configuration based on a local condition of the RAN; andthe second NGAP message comprises the modified UAV detection measurement configuration as a final UAV detection measurement configuration for sending to the CN.The method according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein:a centralized unit (CU) in the RAN sends a first F1AP message to a distributed unit (DU) in the RAN, the first F1AP message comprises a preferred UAV detection measurement configuration;the DU modifies the preferred UAV detection measurement configuration based on a local condition of the DU; andthe DU sends a second F1AP message to the CU, the second F1AP comprises the modified UAV detection measurement configuration as a final UAV detection measurement configuration.The method according to any of claims 1 to 2, wherein:the UAV detection information is for per UE;the first NGAP message is a UE-associated message, and the UAV detection information is for one specific UE; orthe first NGAP message is a non-UE-associated message, and the UAV detection information is for more than one specific UEs.The method according to claim 9, wherein:the first NGAP message comprises at least one of the following:UE ID information for identifying the one or more specific UEs,a measurement ID for identifying the UAV detection measurement configuration,an UAV detection measurement indication for indicating UAV detection information,start-stop UAV detection measurement information for informing whether the RAN starts or stops the UAV detection measurement,reporting address information for informing where the RAN node sends an UAV detection report,reporting period or frequency information for showing an reporting period or frequency for the RAN,a measurement item for informing what is measured by the RAN, ora measurement period for informing the measurement period for an execution unit.The method according to claim 10, wherein:the reporting address information comprises at least one of the following: a CN entity, or a non-3GPP-defined entity;the start-stop UAV detection measurement information comprises one of the following:time information for indicating when the RAN start or stop the UAV detection measurement, oran indicator for indicating explicitly that the RAN start or stop the UAV detection measurement; orthe configuration granularity comprises at least one of the following: per beam, per cell, per distributed unit (DU) , or per RAN.The method according to any of claims 1 to 11, further comprising:receiving, by the RAN from the CN, a third NGAP message for releasing the configured UAV detection information; andin response to a release procedure being a class 1 procedure, sending, by the RAN to the CN, a fourth NGAP message in response to the third NGAP message,wherein the third NGAP message comprises UAV detection measurement release.The method according to claim 12, wherein:the third NGAP message comprises at least one of the following:UE ID information for identifying the one or more specific UEs,a measurement ID for identifying the UAV detection information,an UAV detection measurement release indication for indicating the RAN to release the configured UAV detection information; andthe fourth NGAP message comprises ACK information.The method according to any of claims 1 to 2, wherein:in response to the RAN’s failure to receive, keep, or configure the UAV detection information, the RAN closes the received procedure; andthe second NGAP message comprises at least one of the following:UE ID information for identifying the one or more specific UEs,a measurement ID for identifying the UAV detection information,a failure indication for indicating the configuration procedure is failed to be further performed, ora cause value for informing a detailed reason on why the configuration procedure fails.The method according to any of claims 1 to 2, wherein:in response to the RAN’s partial failure to receive, keep, or configure the UAV detection information, the RAN performs a normal part of the UAV detection information and reports the partial failure to the CN; andthe second NGAP message comprises at least one of the following:successful configuration information for indicating which part in the received UAV detection information is successfully deployed, orfailed configuration information for indicating which part in the received UAV detection information is failed.The method according to claim 15, wherein:the failed UAV detection information comprises at least one of the following:a failure indication for indicating that the configuration procedure is failed to be performed, ora cause value for informing a detailed reason on why the configuration procedure fails.The method according to any of claims 1 to 11, further comprising:sending, by the RAN to the CN, a third NGAP message for reporting a UAV detection result; andreceiving, by the RAN from the CN, a fourth NGAP message in response to the third NGAP message,wherein the third NGAP message comprises a UAV detection report.The method according to claim 17, wherein:the third NGAP message comprises at least one of the following:no-UAV-detected indication for indicating the CN that the RAN does not detect any suspected UAV,UAV-detected indication for indicating the CN that the RAN detects at least one suspected UAV or UAV,UAV information comprising at least one UE NGAP ID for informing the CN that at least one UE is detected as suspected UAV or UAV,measured UE information indicating one or multiple UEs which has been measured, ordetail measurement report information for each suspected UAV, UAV, and / or measured UE.The method according to any of claims 1 to 18, further comprising:receiving, by the RAN from the CN, a fifth NGAP message for sending the detected UAV information; andsending, by the RAN to the CN, a sixth NGAP message in response to the fifth NGAP message,wherein the fifth NGAP message comprises at least one of the following:UE information for identifying at least one UE,suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the RAN whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device, orvalid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.The method according to any of claims 1 to 18, further comprising:receiving, by the DU from the CU, a third F1AP message for sending the detected UAV information; andsending, by the DU to the CU, a fourth F1AP message in response to the third F1AP message,wherein the third F1AP message comprises at least one of the following:UE information for identifying at least one UE,suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the DU whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device, orvalid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.The method according to any of claims 1 to 20, wherein:the RAN comprises a source node and a target node; andthe method further comprises:sending, by the source node to the target node, a first XnAP message for transmitting UAV information, andreceiving, by the source node from the target node, a second XnAP message in response to the first XnAP message,wherein the first XnAP message comprises at least one of the following:suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the target node whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device,UE XnAP ID for identifying at least one UE in XnAP, orvalid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.The method according to any of claims 1 to 20, wherein:the RAN comprises a source node and a target node; andthe method further comprises:receiving, by the source node from the target node, a first XnAP message, andsending, by the source node to the target node, a second XnAP message for transmitting UAV information in response to the first XnAP message,wherein the second XnAP message comprises at least one of the following:suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the target node whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device,UE XnAP ID for identifying at least one UE in XnAP, orvalid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.The method according to any of claims 1 to 20, wherein:the RAN comprises a source node and a target node; andthe method further comprises:sending, by the source node to the CN, a NGAP handover request message for transmitting UAV information during NG based handover procedure,receiving, by the target node from the CN, the NGAP handover request message,sending, by the target node to the CN, a NGAP handover request acknowledge message, andreceiving, by the source node from the CN, a NGAP handover command message.The method according to claim 23, wherein:the NGAP handover request message comprises at least one of the following:suspected UAV or UAV indication for indicating to the target node whether a UE is marked as a UAV, suspected UAV, or UAV-liked device,UE NGAP ID for identifying at least one UE in NGAP, orvalid period or expired time information for informing when marking of the suspected UAV, UAV-liked device, or UAV indication is expired.A wireless communications apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement the method recited in any of claims 1 to 24.A computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to carry out the method recited in any of claims 1 to 24.
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