Automotive color coating and preparation method therefor

Abstract

An automotive color coating and a preparation method therefor. The coating sequentially comprises a clear coat layer, a photonic crystal film, and a matte metal layer from top to bottom. The photonic crystal film comprises a micro-nano structure; the micro-nano structure includes at least one of a multi-layer film structure, a nanoparticle structure, a two-dimensional pore structure, a three-dimensional pore structure, and a nanopillar array structure; and the multi-layer film structure is formed by alternately stacking 15 to 30 layers of sheet-like materials. The automotive color coating does not rely on light absorption to display color, but generates the color by means of light reflection and interference, thereby significantly reducing solar energy absorption. The present invention helps to reduce the surface temperature of an automobile, alleviating the load on an air conditioning system in the automobile, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the automobile, and reducing fuel consumption or electric energy consumption. The color coating enhances the environmental protection performance of the automobile, and also improves the driving comfort, meeting comprehensive requirements of modern automobile designs for aesthetics, practicality, and environmental protection.

Description

Automobile color coating and preparation method thereof TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of automobile color coating, and particularly relates to an automobile color coating and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The color of an automobile directly affects the appearance of the automobile, and therefore diverse automobile color selection can meet the needs of more people. The color of an automobile is mainly colored by a paint pigment material, and the color of the pigment mainly depends on the inherent properties of the material. This characteristic results in a relatively limited range of colors, and it is difficult to obtain certain specific, very bright or special effect colors. Under the influence of long-term outdoor ultraviolet rays, climate change and time, the pigment color is prone to fading, resulting in a decrease in color saturation. In addition, based on the principle of forming a color based on a pigment color, the pigment material absorbs light of a specific wavelength and reflects or transmits light of other wavelengths, thereby forming a color. Therefore, the pigment color itself absorbs certain visible and near-infrared energy to form a high temperature, which brings heat to the automobile and increases energy consumption. High temperatures can also accelerate the aging and deterioration of the automobile paint, shorten its service life, and increase the cost of maintenance and repair.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an automobile color coating and a preparation method thereof, to provide more abundant and stable color selection for automobiles, while significantly reducing the absorption of solar energy, reducing the temperature of the automobile surface, and improving energy efficiency.

[0004] SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and therefore proposes an automobile color coating and a preparation method thereof, to provide more abundant and stable color selection for automobiles, while significantly reducing the absorption of solar energy, reducing the temperature of the automobile surface, and improving energy efficiency.

[0006] A first aspect of the present application provides an automobile color coating.

[0007] Specifically, from top to bottom, the automobile color coating comprises, in sequence, a varnish layer, a photonic crystal film, and a frosted metal layer.

[0008] The photonic crystal film comprises a micro-nano structure.

[0009] The micro-nano structure comprises at least one of a multilayer film structure, a nanoparticle structure, a two-dimensional hole structure, a three-dimensional hole structure, and a nanocolumn array structure.

[0010] The multilayer film structure is formed by alternately stacking 15 to 30 layers of sheet-shaped materials.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the sheet-shaped material is 10 nm to 160 nm.

[0012] Further preferably, the thickness of the sheet material is 20nm to 160nm.

[0013] More preferably, the thickness of the sheet material is 20nm to 155nm.

[0014] Preferably, the sheet material comprises at least one of TiO2, Ta2O5, SiO2 and BaF2.

[0015] Further preferably, the sheet material is SiO2, TiO2.

[0016] Preferably, the raw material of the varnish layer comprises at least one of acrylic, polyurethane.

[0017] Preferably, the metal raw material of the matte metal layer comprises at least one of aluminum sheet, steel sheet.

[0018] Further preferably, the metal raw material of the matte metal layer is aluminum sheet.

[0019] Preferably, the roughness of the matte metal layer is 5μm to 50μm.

[0020] Further preferably, the roughness of the matte metal layer is 5μm to 10μm.

[0021] More preferably, the roughness of the matte metal layer is 5μm.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the photonic crystal film is 600nm to 2000nm.

[0023] Further preferably, the thickness of the photonic crystal film is 750nm to 2000nm.

[0024] More preferably, the thickness of the photonic crystal film is 750nm to 1900nm.

[0025] Preferably, the thickness of the varnish layer is 20μm to 50μm.

[0026] Further preferably, the thickness of the varnish layer is 25μm to 35μm.

[0027] Preferably, the thickness of the varnish layer is 35μm.

[0028] Preferably, the thickness of the matte metal layer is 0.5mm to 5mm.

[0029] Further preferably, the thickness of the matte metal layer is 0.5mm to 2mm.

[0030] Further preferably, the thickness of the ground metal layer is 1 mm.

[0031] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a colored coating for a vehicle.

[0032] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

[0033] The sheet material is deposited on the surface of the ground metal layer to form a photonic crystal film by a physical vapor deposition method, and the photonic crystal film is annealed and coated with varnish layer raw materials to obtain the colored coating for the vehicle.

[0034] Preferably, the physical vapor deposition method comprises at least one of vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering, and arc ion plating.

[0035] Further preferably, the physical vapor deposition method is vacuum evaporation.

[0036] Preferably, the annealing temperature is 500-600°C.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0038] The present application utilizes structural color technology to form rich and colorful colors with dynamic changes through the interference phenomenon of light and microstructures. Not only can it provide greater flexibility in color selection, but also can exhibit a color-changing effect with angle, making the appearance of the vehicle more unique.

[0039] In addition, by precisely designing the size and arrangement of the microstructure, more stable colors can be achieved, and the colors are less likely to fade or age compared to traditional pigment colors, thus having better durability. This stability not only prolongs the service life of the coating, but also reduces the subsequent maintenance costs.

[0040] More importantly, the colored coating for the vehicle of the present application does not rely on the absorption of light to present color, but generates color through the reflection and interference of light, thus greatly reducing the absorption of solar energy. This helps to reduce the temperature of the vehicle surface, reduce the load of the air conditioning system in the vehicle, and thus improve the energy efficiency of the vehicle, reduce fuel consumption or power consumption. These advantages not only improve the environmental performance of the vehicle, but also increase the comfort of driving, which meets the comprehensive requirements of modern vehicle design for beauty, practicality, and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a red coating for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG. 2 is a reflection and transmission spectrum diagram of a red photonic crystal film in the red coating for the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application in the visible light band;

[0043] Fig. 3 is the chromaticity value of the red photonic crystal multilayer film of the present application in a chromaticity diagram;

[0044] Fig. 4 is the reflectance spectrum of the automobile red coating of Example 1 of the present application in the visible and near-infrared waveband;

[0045] Fig. 5 is the reflectance spectrum of the automobile blue coating of Example 2 of the present application in the visible and near-infrared waveband;

[0046] Fig. 6 is the reflectance spectrum of the automobile green coating of Example 3 of the present application in the visible and near-infrared waveband;

[0047] Fig. 7 is the reflectance spectrum of the automobile purple coating of Example 4 of the present application in the visible and near-infrared waveband;

[0048] Fig. 8 is a comparison chart of the cooling effect of the red-green-blue color coatings of Examples 1 to 3 of the present application and the commercial blue coating of Comparative Example 1 in a summer outdoor environment;

[0049] Fig. 9 is the color range of the color coatings of the present application in a chromaticity diagram;

[0050] Fig. 10 is the reflectance spectrum of the outer surface of the color coatings of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 using commercial color coatings in the visible and near-infrared waveband. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the skilled in the art more clearly understand the technical solutions described in the present application, the following examples are listed for illustration. It should be pointed out that the following examples do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection required by the present application.

[0052] The raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples, if not specifically stated, can be obtained from conventional commercial channels or can be obtained by existing known methods.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] An automobile red coating and a preparation method thereof.

[0055] The structure of the automobile red coating is as follows: from top to bottom, a varnish layer, a photonic crystal film, and a frosted metal layer, wherein the varnish layer is acrylic with a thickness of 30 μm; the photonic crystal film is a multilayer film structure, and the multilayer structure is formed by alternately stacking TiO2 and SiO2, and the thickness of each sheet-shaped material from top to bottom is 155 / 88 / 50 / 88 / 48 / 84 / 50 / 87 / 50 / 80 / 46 / 66 / 27 / 53 / 40 / 82 / 47 / 84 / 44 / 90 / 48 / 83 / 21 / 50 / 35 / 50 / 48 / 91 / 20 nm; the photonic crystal film presents red color; the frosted metal layer is an aluminum sheet with a roughness of 5 μm, and the thickness of the aluminum sheet is 1 mm, and the structure schematic diagram of the automobile red coating of Example 1 is shown in Fig. 1.

[0056] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0057] Surface pretreatment: Before coating, the bottom matte metal layer needs to be cleaned and prepared to ensure the adhesion and uniformity of the film layer. Chemical solvents (such as alcohol, acetone) or ultrasonic cleaning are used to remove dust, grease and other contaminants on the surface of the substrate. After cleaning, the matte metal layer needs to be dried, which can be done by air drying, oven drying or drying in a vacuum environment.

[0058] Coating process: TiO2 and SiO2 are placed in the evaporation source in a high vacuum environment, and the material is evaporated by resistance heating or electron beam heating. The evaporated gas molecules diffuse and deposit on the surface of the matte metal layer in the vacuum chamber.

[0059] Post-processing: The coated matte metal layer is annealed at high temperature to release the internal stress in the film, improve the structure and adhesion of the film, and finally coat the photonic crystal film with acrylic to obtain a red automotive coating.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A blue automotive coating and a method for preparing the same.

[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that the photonic crystal film is a multilayer film structure, and the multilayer structure is TiO2 and SiO2 stacked alternately. The thickness of each layer of sheet material is 44 / 56 / 110 / 60 / 120 / 50 / 101 / 70 / 95 / 60 nm from top to bottom; the photonic crystal film presents blue color.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] A green automotive coating and a method for preparing the same.

[0065] The difference from Example 1 is that the photonic crystal film is a multilayer film structure, and the multilayer structure is TiO2 and SiO2 stacked alternately. The thickness of each layer of sheet material is 70 / 100 / 140 / 50 / 130 / 108 / 112 / 60 / 90 / 40 / 20 / 130 / 110 / 76 / 46 / 170 nm from top to bottom; the photonic crystal film presents green color.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] A purple automotive coating and a method for preparing the same.

[0068] The difference from Example 1 is that the photonic crystal film is a multilayer film structure, the multilayer structure is an alternating stack of TiO2 and SiO2, the thickness of each sheet of material from top to bottom is 30 / 60 / 40 / 70 / 40 / 100 / 30 / 60 / 35 / 51 / 20 / 49 / 127 / 40 / 52 / 15 / 60 / 50 / 140 / 300 / 60 nm; the photonic crystal film presents a purple color.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] A commercially available blue paint.

[0071] Blue paint, purchased from the company.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] A commercially available red paint.

[0074] Red paint, purchased from the company.

[0075] Comparative Example 3

[0076] A commercially available green paint.

[0077] Green paint, purchased from the company.

[0078] Figure 2 is the reflection and transmission spectrum of the red photonic crystal film in the red coating of Example 1 of the application in the visible light band. From the spectrum, it can be seen that the reflection and transmission spectra are complementary and almost cover the entire visible band, so part of the light in the entire visible band is reflected from the surface of the red photonic crystal film, and the other part is further reflected by the bottom frosted metal layer after transmitting through the red photonic crystal film. This structure design greatly reduces the absorption of the structure to visible light while generating color.

[0079] Figure 3 is the chroma value of the red photonic crystal multilayer film designed by the application in the chromaticity diagram. The closer the position in the chromaticity diagram is to the boundary, the higher the saturation.

[0080] Figure 4 is the reflection spectrum of the red coating of Example 1 of the application in the visible near-infrared band. The light transmits through the top varnish layer and is reflected and transmitted by the multilayer structure through interference, and the transmitted light is further reflected by the bottom frosted metal layer. However, due to the existence of the cavity between the multilayer structure and the bottom frosted aluminum sheet layer, light will be absorbed in the cavity, and thus the spectrum will present a wave shape of oscillation absorption. Overall, the spectrum of the coating still presents a high reflection in the visible near-infrared band.

[0081] Figure 5 is a reflectance spectrum of the blue automobile coating of Example 2 of the present application in the visible near-infrared region, Figure 6 is a reflectance spectrum of the green automobile coating of Example 3 of the present application in the visible near-infrared region, and Figure 7 is a reflectance spectrum of the purple automobile coating of Example 4 of the present application in the visible near-infrared region. It can be seen that the blue automobile coating, the green automobile coating and the purple automobile coating prepared in the present application can all exhibit high reflectance in the visible near-infrared region.

[0082] Figure 8 is a comparison of the cooling effect of the red-green-blue color coating of Examples 1 to 3 of the present application and the commercial blue coating of Comparative Example 1 in a summer outdoor environment. In Figure 8, (a) is a picture of the commercial coating placed on the surface of a car, and (b) is an infrared image of the commercial coating, in which the color presented in the infrared image indicates that the temperature of the surface of the coating is 80°C; (c) is a picture of the red-green-blue coating placed on the surface of a car, and (d) is an infrared image of the coating, in which the color presented in the infrared image indicates that the temperature of the surface of the coating is 35°C. Since ordinary commercial coatings absorb different degrees of visible light in the process of forming color, they exhibit a high temperature in an outdoor environment. The color coating of the present application mainly generates structural color through light and multi-layer structure interference. When light passes through the multi-layer structure and the bottom frosted metal layer, it is almost completely reflected back to the observation side. Therefore, the color coating of the present application absorbs very little visible light, and thus can exhibit a low temperature.

[0083] Figure 9 is the color range of the color coating of the present application in a chromaticity diagram. By designing the size of the structure parameters, the color distribution is achieved as shown in the triangular color gamut surrounded by red, green, blue, cyan and purple. The closer the point on the chromaticity diagram is to the boundary, the higher the saturation is. It can be seen that the colors designed in the present application have the characteristic of high saturation.

[0084] Figure 10 is a reflectance spectrum of the outer surface of the commercial color coating (blue, red, green coating) of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in the visible near-infrared region. The color of the coating is mainly formed by reflecting the remaining visible light into the human eye after the coloring material absorbs part of the visible light. Therefore, the reflectance of the color coating in the visible near-infrared region is often low. As shown in the figure, such a low reflectance coating will absorb most of the visible light energy and exhibit a high temperature.

[0085] The above describes preferred specific embodiments of the present application in detail. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes without creative labor based on the concept of the present application. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. obtained by logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiment based on the prior art according to the concept of the present application shall be within the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An automotive color coat characterized by, From top to bottom, the varnish layer, the photonic crystal film, the frosted metal layer are included in turn; The photonic crystal film includes micro-nano structure; The micro-nano structure includes at least one of multilayer film structure, nanoparticle structure, two-dimensional hole structure, three-dimensional hole structure, nanocolumn array structure; The multilayer film structure is formed by 15 to 30 layers of sheet materials stacked alternately.

2. The automotive color coat of claim 1, wherein The thickness of the sheet material is 10nm to 160nm.

3. The automotive color coat of claim 1, wherein, The sheet material includes at least one of TiO2, Ta2O5, SiO2 and BaF2.

4. The automotive color coat of claim 1, wherein, The raw material of the varnish layer includes at least one of acrylic acid and polyurethane.

5. The automotive color coat of claim 1, wherein, The metal raw material of the frosted metal layer includes at least one of aluminum sheet and steel sheet.

6. The automotive color coat of claim 1, wherein, The roughness of the frosted metal layer is 5μm to 50μm.

7. The automotive color coat of claim 1, wherein The thickness of the photonic crystal film is 600nm to 2000nm.

8. The automotive color coat of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the varnish layer is 20μm to 50μm.

9. The automotive color coat of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the frosted metal layer is 0.5mm to 5mm.

10. The process for the production of automotive color coatings according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The sheet material is deposited on the surface of the frosted metal layer to form the photonic crystal film by physical vapor deposition method, annealing treatment, coating the raw material of the varnish layer on the photonic crystal film, and the automobile color coating is prepared.

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