Head-up display device, system and carrier

Abstract

A head-up display device (13), a system (100) and a carrier (200). The head-up display device (13) comprises a backlight source (9), a display screen (2), a grating structure, and a reflector assembly (8), wherein the display screen (2) comprises a light-emergent surface and a backlight surface which are arranged opposite each other; the backlight light source (9) is arranged on the backlight surface of the display screen (2), and the backlight light source (9) is configured to light up the display screen (2); the grating structure is arranged on the light-emergent surface of the display screen (2), and the grating structure comprises a base layer (5), a lens layer (6), and a plurality of blocking regions (7), wherein the lens layer (6) is located on the base layer (5), there is a first gap region (4) between at least some adjacent lens structures (601) among the plurality of lens structures (601), one blocking region (7) is provided at the first gap region (4) between adjacent lens structures (601), the blocking region (7) is configured to block light from penetrating the first gap region (4), and the ratio of the width of the lens structures (601) to the width of the blocking regions (7) ranges from 4:1 to 60:1; and the reflector assembly (8) is located above the grating structure, such that light emitted from the display screen (2), after being split by the grating structure, is reflected multiple times before reaching an eyebox (10).

Description

Head-up display device, system and vehicle

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411330484.6 filed on September 24, 2024 with the Chinese Patent Office, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of head-up display, for example, to a head-up display device, system and vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0003] The naked eye three-dimensional (3D) display technology can allow users to see a two-dimensional picture or video in three-dimensional stereoscopic effect with naked eyes without the help of any external device (such as 3D glasses). The principle of naked eye 3D display technology is to paste a slit and a cylindrical grating on a display screen, and use the technology of the grating to divide the pixels covered by the grating into pixels for the left eye of the user and pixels for the right eye of the user. When the left and right eyes of the user watch the screen, they will see two groups of pixels respectively, so that the two eyes of the user see different parallax images, which are reflected to the brain, thereby forming a stereoscopic feeling in the brain.

[0004] However, the head-up display device in the existing naked eye 3D display technology has problems such as crosstalk or low brightness, which will affect the imaging quality of the head-up display device and the user experience. SUMMARY

[0005] In one aspect, the present application discloses a head-up display device, comprising a backlight light source, a display screen, a grating structure and a mirror assembly; the display screen comprises an outlight surface and a backlight surface arranged oppositely; the backlight surface of the display screen is provided with the backlight light source, and the backlight light source is arranged to light up the display screen; the outlight surface of the display screen is provided with the grating structure, the grating structure comprises a base layer, a lens layer and a plurality of shielding areas, the lens layer is located on the base layer, the lens layer comprises a plurality of lens structures, there is a first gap area between at least part of adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures, the first gap area between the adjacent lens structures is provided with a shielding area, the shielding area is used to block the light from penetrating the first gap area, the ratio of the width of the lens structure to the width of the shielding area is 4:1 to 60:1, and the mirror assembly is located above the grating structure so that the light emitted by the display screen after being split by the grating structure can reach the eyebox after being reflected by the mirror assembly multiple times.

[0006] In one possible embodiment, the base layer comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely; the lens layer is arranged on the first surface; the plurality of shielding areas are located on the first surface, or the plurality of shielding areas are located on the second surface.

[0007] In an embodiment, the difference between the width of the shielding region and the width of the first gap region corresponding to the position of the shielding region is less than a first preset threshold, or the ratio of the difference between the width of the shielding region and the width of the first gap region corresponding to the position of the shielding region to the width of the shielding region is less than a second preset threshold.

[0008] In an embodiment, the width of the shielding region is 5-20 microns, and the width of the lens structure is 80-300 microns.

[0009] In an embodiment, the thickness of the shielding region is less than or equal to 2 microns.

[0010] In an embodiment, the width of the first gap region between adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures is equal.

[0011] In an embodiment, the display screen comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit comprising a plurality of pixel sub-units; each lens structure corresponds to the position of at least one pixel unit in the display screen.

[0012] In an embodiment, a bonding layer is further provided between the light-emitting surface of the display screen and the base layer.

[0013] In an embodiment, the first gap region exists between all adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures.

[0014] In an embodiment, the lens layer comprises N regions, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; in the N regions, the first gap region exists between adjacent lens structures in the first region to the Nth region; the first gap region to the Nth gap region have different gap widths.

[0015] In an embodiment, the lens layer comprises N regions, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; in the N regions, the first gap region exists between adjacent lens structures in the first region to the Lth region; no gap region exists between adjacent lens structures in the L+1th region to the Nth region; L is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N.

[0016] In an embodiment, the lens layer comprises M regions, M being a positive integer greater than or equal to 3; in the M regions, the first gap region exists between adjacent lens structures in the first region to the Kth region; the first gap region to the Kth gap region have different gap widths; no gap region exists between adjacent lens structures in the K+1th region to the Mth region; K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than M.

[0017] In another aspect, the present application discloses a head-up display system, comprising an imaging component and a head-up display device, the head-up display device being configured to form a virtual image on the imaging component by reflecting light emitted by a display screen.

[0018] In another aspect, the present application discloses a carrier, comprising a carrier and a head-up display system as described above carried by the carrier.

[0019] The embodiment of the present application provides a head-up display device, which comprises a backlight light source, a display screen, a grating structure and a mirror assembly. The display screen comprises an opposite light-emitting surface and a backlight surface. The backlight surface of the display screen is provided with the backlight light source, and the backlight light source is configured to light up the display screen. The light-emitting surface of the display screen is provided with the grating structure. The grating structure comprises a substrate layer, a lens layer and a plurality of shielding areas. The lens layer is located on the substrate layer. The lens layer comprises a plurality of lens structures. There is a first gap area between at least some adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures. The first gap area between the adjacent lens structures is provided with a shielding area. The shielding area is used to block light from penetrating the first gap area. The ratio of the width of the lens structure to the width of the shielding area is 4:1 to 60:1. The mirror assembly is located above the grating structure, so that the light emitted by the display screen after being split by the grating structure can reach the eyebox through multiple reflections of the mirror assembly. In this way, the head-up display device has high-quality imaging effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG. 1 is an application scenario diagram of an exemplary head-up display device of the present application;

[0021] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an exemplary head-up display device of the present application;

[0022] FIG. 3 is a light splitting principle diagram of an exemplary slit grating of the present application;

[0023] FIG. 4 is a light splitting principle diagram of an exemplary cylindrical grating of the present application;

[0024] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylindrical grating and the display screen corresponding to FIG. 4;

[0025] FIG. 6 is a light splitting principle diagram of another exemplary cylindrical grating of the present application;

[0026] FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an exemplary existing cylindrical grating of the present application;

[0027] FIG. 8 is a light splitting principle diagram of the cylindrical grating shown in FIG. 7;

[0028] FIG. 9 is an imaging schematic diagram of an exemplary naked-eye 3D image of the present application;

[0029] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary eyebox of the present application;

[0030] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary grating structure and display screen of the present application;

[0031] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary longitudinal and lateral field of view according to the present application;

[0032] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an exemplary grating structure according to the present application;

[0033] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another exemplary grating structure according to the present application;

[0034] FIG. 15 is an exemplary imaging simulation result according to the present application;

[0035] FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an exemplary vehicle according to the present application.

[0036] The following is a supplementary description of the drawings: 1 - slit grating; 100 - head-up display system; 101 - left eye; 102 - right eye; 103 - eye point; 104 - lateral field of view; 105 - longitudinal field of view; 2 - display screen; 200 - vehicle; 201 - pixel unit; 202 - pixel subunit; 3 - lenticular grating; 300 - carrier; 301 - lenticular subgrating; 302 - gap region; 4 - first gap region; 5 - base layer; 6 - lens layer; 601 - lens structure; 7 - blocking region; 8 - mirror assembly; 801 - first mirror; 802 - second mirror; 9 - backlight light source; 10 - eyebox; 11 - imaging component; 12 - image source; 13 - head-up display device; 14 - adhesive layer; 15 - UV layer; 16 - virtual image. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are some or all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] The term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of this application. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data used can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0039] When a numerical range is disclosed herein, the range is considered continuous and includes the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range, as well as every value between the minimum and maximum values. Furthermore, when the range refers to an integer, it includes every integer between the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range. Additionally, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges may be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all subranges to which they are included. For example, a specified range from “1 to 10” should be considered to include any and all subranges between the minimum value 1 and the maximum value 10. Exemplary subranges of the range 1 to 10 include, but are not limited to, 1 to 6.1, 3.5 to 7.8, 5.5 to 10, etc.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1, which shows an application scenario diagram of an exemplary head-up display device according to this application. This application embodiment provides an application scenario for a head-up display device, which may include a head-up display system (HUD). The head-up display system 100 may include a head-up display device 13 and an imaging component 11 (e.g., a windshield).

[0041] In a possible implementation, referring to FIG. 2, which shows a structural schematic diagram of an example head-up display device according to the present application. The head-up display device 13 includes a backlight light source 9, a display screen 2, a grating structure, and a mirror assembly 8. The display screen 2 includes an opposite light-emitting surface and a backlight surface. The backlight surface of the display screen 2 is provided with the backlight light source 9, which is configured to light up the display screen 2. The light-emitting surface of the display screen 2 is provided with the grating structure. The grating structure includes a substrate layer 5, a lens layer 6, and a plurality of shielding areas 7. The lens layer 6 is located on the substrate layer 5. The lens layer 6 includes a plurality of lens structures 601. There is a first gap area 4 between at least some adjacent lens structures 601 in the plurality of lens structures 601. The first gap area 4 between the adjacent lens structures 601 is provided with a shielding area 7, which is configured to block light from penetrating the first gap area 4. The ratio of the width of the lens structure 601 to the width of the shielding area 7 is 4:1 to 60:1. The mirror assembly 8 is located above the grating structure, so that the mirror assembly 8 can reflect the light emitted by the display screen 2 after being split by the grating structure multiple times, so that the light emitted by the display screen after being split by the grating structure can reach the eyebox after multiple reflections of the mirror assembly. In this way, not only can the processing difficulty of the grating structure be reduced, but also the influence of lens glue on the performance of the lens during the processing can be avoided. Moreover, based on the design of the shielding area, the light crosstalk caused by the light emitted from the first gap area 4 can be effectively blocked, and the imaging quality of the head-up display device is improved. Optionally, the structure formed by the backlight light source 9, the display screen 2, and the grating structure can be referred to as an image source 12. Referring to FIG. 1, the light emitted by the image source 12 can be reflected by the mirror assembly 8 multiple times and then enter the eyebox 10.

[0042] The naked-eye 3D display technology generally refers to that a user can observe a stereoscopic image with naked eyes without wearing related equipment. The principle is that a light splitting element (such as a grating) is attached to a display screen (liquid crystal display, LCD), and the light splitting element divides the pixels of the display screen covered thereby into pixels for a left eye 101 of a user to view and pixels for a right eye 102 of the user to view. This makes the left and right eyes of a person see two groups of pixels respectively, so that a parallax is generated, and the user can view an image with a 3D display effect. As can be seen, the light splitting effect of the light splitting element plays a crucial role in the 3D display effect that can be observed by a user.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the light splitting element can be classified into a slit grating 1 and a lenticular grating 3 according to its light splitting manner. Referring to FIG. 3, the slit grating 1 is an optical element composed of a series of parallel thin lines or slices, and has light blocking areas and light transmitting areas. When the light emitted by the display screen 2 passes through the light transmitting areas with a certain interval, the light will be affected by the light blocking areas, and interference and diffraction phenomena will occur, which causes the dispersion and deflection of the light beams, so that the light beams containing different wavelengths are separated, thereby achieving the light splitting effect. By dividing the pixels of the display screen 2 into the pixels viewed by the left eye 101 of the user and the pixels viewed by the right eye 102 of the user, the left and right eyes of the user can see different parallax images, and thus a stereoscopic image can be formed in the brain of the user. However, since the light blocking areas will affect the light transmittance and reduce the brightness of the light, the resolution of the 3D display device using the slit grating 1 will be reduced.

[0044] Compared with the slit grating 1, the lenticular grating 3 uses a transmission method and does not cause the problem of brightness reduction. Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the lenticular grating 3 is usually composed of a series of parallel lenticular sub-gratings 301, and each lenticular sub-grating 301 can be regarded as a small convex lens, so that the image plane of the display screen 2 is located on the focal plane of the lenticular sub-grating 301. In this way, there are a plurality of sub-pixels of the display screen 2 corresponding to each lenticular sub-grating 301, and each lenticular sub-grating 301 can project each sub-pixel in different directions, so that the left eye 101 and the right eye 102 of the user can see different parallax images, and thus a stereoscopic image can be formed in the brain of the user.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 6, the ideal lenticular grating 3 can refract the light emitted by the display screen 2 into light beams in different directions, so that the left eye of the user can see different parallax images. However, due to the limitation of the actual processing technology and level, there are often gap areas 302 between the lenticular sub-gratings 301. Referring to FIG. 7, which shows a structure schematic diagram of an existing lenticular grating according to an example of the present application. Due to the existence of the gap areas 302, part of the light will be emitted through the gap areas 302, thereby causing crosstalk (referring to FIG. 8, the dashed line in FIG. 8 is the crosstalk light), and thus affecting the display effect of the 3D display device.

[0046] The head-up display device provided in the application has the following advantages: the grating structure comprises a substrate layer 5, a lens layer 6 and a plurality of shielding areas 7, the lens layer 6 is located on the substrate layer 5, the lens layer 6 comprises a plurality of lens structures 601, there is a first gap area 4 between at least some adjacent lens structures 601 in the plurality of lens structures 601, the first gap area 4 between the adjacent lens structures 601 is provided with a shielding area 7, and the ratio of the width of the lens structure 601 to the width of the shielding area 7 is 4:1 to 60:1, so that the brightness is not affected, the crosstalk is avoided, the imaging quality of the head-up display device is ensured, the requirement for the alignment accuracy of the processing of the cylindrical grating 3 is greatly reduced, the equipment precision and the process difficulty can be reduced, the cost is saved, and the yield is improved.

[0047] In an available embodiment, the display screen 2 comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit comprises a plurality of pixel sub-units; each lens structure 601 is positionally corresponding to at least one pixel unit in the display screen 2. The display screen 2 does not emit light by itself, the light emitted by the backlight light source 9 irradiates the display screen 2, lights up the pixels, and the display screen 2 then emits the light to the grating structure, the plurality of lens structures 601 in the grating structure can split the incident light, refract light at different angles, and then form a virtual image 16 on the imaging component 11 (such as a windshield) after being reflected by the mirror assembly 8, so as to reach different areas of the eyebox. The first mirror 801 can be a plane mirror, and the second mirror 802 can be a curved mirror. Alternatively, the first mirror 801 can be a curved mirror, and the second mirror 802 can be a curved mirror. Alternatively, the mirror assembly 8 is not limited to comprising two mirrors, but can also comprise one or more than two mirrors, the number and position of which are set as required. The head-up display system can display vehicle speed, navigation information, warning information and the like in the form of images and characters through optical components to the field of view of the driver, and is widely used in vehicle driving assistance.

[0048] Please refer to FIG. 9, which shows an imaging schematic diagram of a naked-eye 3D image according to an example of the application. The principle of the naked-eye 3D image is that, through optical design of the head-up display system, the left eye of the user sees an image P1 through the imaging component 11, and the right eye sees an image P2. By changing the position between the two images seen by the user, the binocular parallax is adjusted, so that the subjective virtual image distance perceived by the user changes. In fact, the virtual image distance does not change. The closer the distance between the two images, the closer the subjective virtual image distance perceived by the user. Conversely, the farther the distance between the two images, the farther the subjective virtual image distance perceived by the user.

[0049] Please refer to FIG. 10, which shows a schematic diagram of an eyebox according to an example of the present application. The eyebox 10 refers to a range of eye distribution in which a complete image can be seen by a user when looking at the imaging structure in the HUD. A normal interpupillary distance of a human eye is about 63-65 mm, and thus the size of the eyebox 10 in the HUD is also set accordingly.

[0050] The image displayed by the display screen 2 of the HUD is incident to the eyebox 10 through the imaging component 11 (e.g., the windshield). The eyebox 10 can be divided into a plurality of view region partitions (i.e., the eyebox 10 is divided into different regions). Optionally, the eyebox 10 can be divided into three regions, i.e., an upper region, a middle region, and a lower region as shown in FIG. 12, or divided into four regions or five regions, etc., which is not limited herein. Please refer to FIG. 11, which shows a schematic diagram of a grating structure and a display screen according to an example of the present application. The light exit surface of the display screen 2 is provided with a base layer 5. The light emitted by the light exit surface of the display screen 2 can be refracted to different regions of the eyebox 10 through each lens structure 601. The display screen 2 includes a plurality of pixel units 201 arranged in an array, and each pixel unit 201 includes a plurality of pixel sub-units 202. Each lens structure 601 corresponds to at least one pixel unit 201 in the display screen 2. Thus, when the eyebox 10 is partitioned, the eyebox 10 can be partitioned based on the number of pixel sub-units 202 covered by each lens structure 601 in the grating structure, to obtain a set of view region partitions.

[0051] In a possible implementation, the view region partitions are periodically repeated. For example, one lens structure 601 can cover four pixel sub-units 202 in the display screen 2, and thus the eyebox 10 can be evenly divided into four view region partitions. For another example, one lens structure 601 can cover five pixel sub-units 202 in the display screen 2, and thus the eyebox 10 can be evenly divided into five view region partitions. One lens structure 601 can cover five pixel sub-units 202 in the display screen 2, and thus the eyebox 10 can be divided into six view region partitions. In some embodiments, the eyebox 10 and the region of the pixel sub-units 202 covered by each lens structure 601 can be divided as needed.

[0052] In a possible implementation, the pixel sub-units 202 can be sub-pixels in the display screen 2, such as red (Red, R for short) sub-pixels, green (Green, G for short) sub-pixels, and blue (Blue, B for short) sub-pixels. The position of each lens structure 601 can be set to correspond to the position of at least one pixel unit 201 in the display screen 2, and the length of each lens structure 601 in the row direction of the display screen 2 can be equal to the length of at least one pixel unit 201 arranged in the row direction of the display screen 2.

[0053] In other embodiments, the eyebox 10 can be divided into different regions according to the surface shape, thickness, material refractive index of the grating structure, the refractive index of the glue between the grating and the display screen 2, the thickness and refractive index of each layer involved between the filter and the upper surface of the LCD of the display screen 2, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), to obtain the region division of the vision area, and then obtain the required eye point spacing and pupil distance numerical results.

[0054] In the embodiments of the present application, the light splitting principle of the grating structure is as follows: the light of the adjacent pixel units 201 in the display screen 2 is refracted by the cylindrical lens grating 3, and the exit angles are different, and then the light sequentially passes through the mirror assembly 8 and the imaging component 11, and can enter the left and right eyes of the driver, so that the images viewed by the left and right eyes of the driver are different, and the light splitting is realized.

[0055] Please continue to refer to FIG. 11, the position of a lens structure 601 can correspond to the positions of the first pixel unit 201 (for example, including R1, G1 and B1 in FIG. 13) and the second pixel unit 201 (for example, including R2, G2 and B2 in FIG. 11) in the display screen 2. The length of the lens structure 601 in the row direction of the display screen 2 can be equal to the length of the first pixel unit 201 and the second pixel unit 201 arranged in the row direction in the display screen 2, and the first pixel unit 201 and the second pixel unit 201 can be in the same row in the array of the pixel units 201.

[0056] Optionally, when the pixel sub-unit 202 (for example, R1) in the first pixel unit 201 is in the light-emitting state, and the pixel sub-unit 202 (for example, R2) in the second pixel unit 201 is in the light-emitting state, the lens structure 601 can refract the light emitted by the first pixel sub-unit 202 and can refract the light emitted by the second pixel sub-unit 202, so that the light emitted by the first pixel sub-unit 202 and the light emitted by the second pixel sub-unit 202 are refracted from the light exit surface of the cylindrical lens grating 3 to different regions of the eyebox 10. At this time, by setting the length of one lens structure 601 to correspond to the length sum of the adjacent two pixel units 201, the light-emitting state of one of the three RGB pixel sub-units 202 in a single pixel unit 201 can be controlled. For example, only the light-emitting state of the pixel sub-unit R can be controlled, so that the light of one of the adjacent two pixel units 201 corresponds to the right eye, and the light of the other pixel unit 201 corresponds to the left eye. By controlling the light-emitting state of the single-color sub-pixel, the user can view the single-color three-dimensional image through the imaging component 11. Optionally, in order to enable the user to view the colorful three-dimensional virtual image through the imaging component 11, the light-emitting state of multiple pixel sub-units 202 in a single pixel unit 201 can also be controlled.

[0057] Please refer to FIG. 12, which shows a schematic diagram of the horizontal field of view and the vertical field of view of an example of the present application. For a rectangular virtual image, the angle between the midpoint of the left vertical edge and the eye point 103 can be referred to as the horizontal field of view (HFOV) 104, or also referred to as the horizontal field angle. The angle between the midpoint of the upper horizontal edge and the eye point can be referred to as the vertical field of view (VFOV) 105, or also referred to as the vertical field angle.

[0058] The grating structure in the head-up display device will be described in detail as follows:

[0059] In one possible embodiment, the base layer 5 includes oppositely arranged first and second surfaces; the lens layer 6 is arranged on the first surface; and the plurality of shielding areas are arranged on the first surface. At this time, each shielding area 7 is located below the first gap area 4 between adjacent lens structures 601. In another possible embodiment, the base layer 5 includes oppositely arranged first and second surfaces; the lens layer 6 is arranged on the first surface; and the plurality of shielding areas are arranged on the second surface, i.e., the case shown in FIG. 2. At this time, each shielding area 7 is located above the first gap area 4 between adjacent lens structures 601. This scheme facilitates the position alignment of the position-corresponding shielding area 7 and the first gap area 4 during the forming process. For example, the base layer 5 and the lens layer 6, as well as the shielding layer, can be formed first, and then the two are laminated.

[0060] In one possible implementation, the width of the first gap area 4 is set to be large enough to reduce the impact of the adhesive (also referred to as glue) on the physical structure of the grating when the adhesive is used for lamination, but it should not be too large. Because when it is too large, a part of the light will not be emitted after the shielding area 7 is arranged on the first gap area 4, which will affect the imaging effect. Therefore, in one possible embodiment, the length of the shielding area 7 along the first direction ranges from 5 to 20 microns. It can also be said that the width of the shielding area 7 is 5 to 20 microns. Optionally, the width of the shielding area 7 can be 5 microns, 7 microns, 9 microns, 11 microns, 13 microns, 15 microns, 17 microns, 19 microns, or 20 microns in one example embodiment. The width of the shielding area 7 can also be positively correlated with the width of the first gap area 4. In the case where the widths of the two are equal, the first gap areas 4 between adjacent lens structures 601 can all be equal, and the width of the first gap area 4 can also be set to 5 to 20 microns. Optionally, the widths of the first gap areas 4 between adjacent lens structures 601 in the lens layer 6 are equal, but actual deviations within a small range are also acceptable. For example, the width difference between any two first gap areas 4 can be less than or equal to 1 micron.

[0061] In one possible embodiment, the difference between the width of the shielding area 7 and the width of the first gap area 4 corresponding to the position of the shielding area 7 is less than a first preset threshold, so as to ensure the shielding effect of the shielding area 7 and avoid light crosstalk as much as possible, thereby achieving a better display effect of the head-up display device. In another possible embodiment, the ratio of the difference between the width of the shielding area 7 and the width of the first gap area 4 corresponding to the position of the shielding area 7 to the width of the shielding area 7 is less than a second preset threshold. Compared with the foregoing embodiment, the present embodiment can further reduce the processing difficulty while ensuring the shielding effect. The first preset threshold and the second preset threshold can be adaptively adjusted according to the required light shielding effect, which is not limited herein.

[0062] In the embodiments of the present application, the ratio of the width of the lens structure 601 to the width of the shielding area 7 is 4:1 to 60:1. Alternatively, the ratio of the width of the lens structure 601 to the width of the shielding area 7 can be 4:1, 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1 or 60:1, which is not limited to the above-listed ratio.

[0063] In one possible embodiment, the thickness of the shielding area 7 is less than or equal to 2 microns. Alternatively, the thickness of the shielding area 7 can be 0.5 microns, 1 micron, 1.5 microns or 2 microns.

[0064] In one possible embodiment, the width of the lens structure 601 is 80 to 300 microns. Alternatively, the width of the lens structure 601 can be 80 microns, 100 microns, 120 microns, 140 microns, 160 microns, 180 microns, 200 microns, 220 microns, 240 microns, 260 microns, 280 microns or 300 microns.

[0065] In one possible embodiment, the width of the first gap area 4 between adjacent lens structures 601 in the plurality of lens structures 601 is equal. This makes the plurality of lens structures 601 in the lens layer 6 uniformly distributed. However, due to the processing precision, the first gap areas 4 in the actually produced lens layer 6 can not be completely equal.

[0066] In one possible embodiment, the first gap area exists between all adjacent lens structures 601 in the plurality of lens structures 601. That is, the gap area exists between all adjacent lens structures 601 in the lens layer 6, and these gap areas are all the first gap areas 4.

[0067] In another possible embodiment, the lens layer 6 comprises N regions, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; among the N regions, there are first to Nth gap regions between adjacent lens structures 601 in the first to Nth regions; the first to Nth gap regions have different gap widths. That is, there can be gap regions between all adjacent lens structures 601 in the lens layer 6, wherein there are first gap regions 4 between some adjacent lens structures 601, and there are gap regions with other widths between the remaining adjacent lens structures 601. Optionally, the widths of the gap regions between the remaining adjacent lens structures 601 can be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed.

[0068] In another possible embodiment, the lens layer 6 comprises N regions, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; among the N regions, there are first to Lth gap regions between adjacent lens structures 601 in the first to Lth regions; there are no gap regions between adjacent lens structures 601 in the L+1th to Nth regions; L is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N. That is, there can be first gap regions 4 between some adjacent lens structures 601, and there are no gap regions between other adjacent lens structures 601.

[0069] In another possible embodiment, the lens layer 6 comprises M regions, M being a positive integer greater than or equal to 3; among the M regions, there are first to Kth gap regions between adjacent lens structures 601 in the first to Kth regions; the first to Kth gap regions have different gap widths; there are no gap regions between adjacent lens structures 601 in the K+1th to Mth regions; K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than M. That is, there can be first gap regions 4 between some adjacent lens structures 601, there can be gap regions with other widths between some adjacent lens structures 601, and there are no gap regions between the remaining adjacent lens structures 601.

[0070] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the lens layer 6 can be divided into multiple regions according to the arrangement direction of the lens structure 601, and the gap between adjacent lens structures 601 in each region corresponds to a gap width. Optionally, the widths of these gap regions can all be the width of the first gap region, or can correspond to the widths of at least two or more gap regions, such as the width of the first gap region 4 and the width of other gap regions (which can be less than 5 microns). Optionally, the gap regions can be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed, which is not limited herein. Optionally, the gap regions between adjacent lens structures 601 in some regions correspond to a gap width, and there is no gap region between adjacent lens structures 601 in other regions. The widths of these gap regions can all be the width of the first gap region 4, or can correspond to the widths of at least two or more gap regions. These gap regions can be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed, which is not limited herein. However, whether it is the first gap region 4 or other gap regions, in order to achieve better display effect, the corresponding region will be provided with a corresponding shielding region 7.

[0071] In a feasible embodiment, the material of the substrate layer 5 and the material of the lens layer 6 are both transparent materials. Optionally, according to different molding processes or desired display effects, the substrate layer 5 can be any material layer that can be achieved in the related art. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable material layer as the substrate according to the actual situation, for example, the substrate layer 5 can be a PET layer, an APET layer, a PC layer, a PP layer, a PMMA layer, or a glass layer. Similarly, the lens layer 6 can also select a suitable material layer as the lens layer 6 according to the actual situation, for example, it can be a UV resin layer.

[0072] In a feasible embodiment, the material of the shielding region 7 can be a material that blocks light transmission, for example, it can be a metal material, an inorganic material (such as a ceramic), or a composite material (such as a composite material of metal and organic material, or a composite material of inorganic and organic material). The type of material of the shielding region 7 is not limited herein, as long as it can achieve the shielding of light transmission from the shielding region 7.

[0073] In a feasible embodiment, each lens structure 601 is a convex lens or a concave lens, which can be selected and arranged according to the required imaging needs. The embodiments of the present application mainly illustrate the case that the lens structure 601 is a convex lens. The surface of the convex lens can be semicircular or other arc shapes. The curvature of the convex lens can be set according to the needs to adapt to different application requirements and visual effects. This is not limited herein.

[0074] In an embodiment, referring to FIG. 14, the grating structure can further include a glue layer 14, on which the base layer 5 is arranged, i.e., the glue layer 14 is located below the base layer 5, for bonding and connecting the base layer 5 with other layers, which is a special adhesive. Optionally, the above-mentioned shielding area 7 can also be located below the glue layer 14. Optionally, according to different processing methods of the grating structure, the grating structure is different, such as when the UV imprinting method is used, a UV layer 15 will also be formed during the molding process, and the UV layer 15 is located between the base layer 5 and the lens layer 6. The thickness of each layer can be adjusted as needed.

[0075] The embodiment of the present application also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned grating structure. Common preparation methods of the cylindrical lens grating 3 include hot pressing method, injection molding method, and photolithography method. The hot pressing method and the injection molding method are molding methods of high polymer by means of a grating mold. After cooling or solidification, the cylindrical lens grating 3 required can be obtained. The grating mold can be obtained by patterning the substrate. The photolithography method is a method of obtaining the cylindrical lens grating by exposing the glue to light. Optionally, according to the order of forming the shielding area and the lens layer 6, the method for preparing the grating structure can be divided into the following two methods. The first method is to form the shielding area 7 (for example, the shielding area 7 can be formed by patching or coating) first. The shielding area 7 can be formed in the preset area of the substrate by using a mask. Then, the base layer 5 and the lens layer 6 can be formed by using the above-mentioned common method, and the base layer 5 is attached to the above-mentioned shielding area 7 according to the preset structure level. The second method is to mold the base layer 5 and the lens layer 6 first, and then attach them to the display screen 2. Then, the first gap area 4 is filled with non-transparent medium. Compared with the first method, the molding method of the first method has lower requirements for equipment and molding precision.

[0076] An exemplary embodiment of the formed grating structure can be that a UV material is first formed on a grating mold. In a possible implementation, the material can be coated on a columnar micro-concave array mold, a flexible transparent base material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polypropylene (PP) is covered on the UV material, and the excess amount of glue is squeezed out by adjusting the spacing of the roller press or film laminating machine. The UV material can also be coated and then passed through a UV roller coater with appropriate spacing to make the UV material flow naturally. Then, UV curing treatment is performed, for example, the micro-concave array mold after coating can be irradiated by a UV lamp to cure the UV material. Finally, the mold can be peeled off manually or mechanically to obtain the columnar grating 3, and then a mask can be used to form a shielding area 7 on the base layer 5 or the lens layer 6, or the shielding area 7 can be directly formed on the base layer 5 or the lens layer 6, and then the shielding area 7 can be obtained by patterning the coating. In fact, the columnar grating 3 in the grating structure can also be other embodiments, not limited to the above examples, as long as the columnar grating 3 with the required structure and optical parameters can be formed.

[0077] Since the material of the columnar grating 3 is liquid during the forming process, the material will fuse together when the adjacent columnar sub-gratings 301 approach, causing the structure of the columnar grating 3 to change, which cannot meet the required structure shape. Therefore, in order to avoid this phenomenon, a certain gap is usually left between adjacent columnar sub-gratings 301 in the existing processing, but this will further cause the crosstalk problem. Therefore, the present application performs light shielding treatment on the shielding area, which can ensure the integrity of the columnar structure and will not cause the crosstalk problem.

[0078] Taking an example of one columnar sub-grating 301 covering 8 sub-pixels of the display screen 2, a comparative example 1, a comparative example 2, a comparative example 3, an embodiment 1 and an embodiment 2 are provided.

[0079] Among them, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are columnar gratings 3 formed based on the existing process, that is, the first gap area 4 exists between adjacent lens structures 601. The first gap area 4 in the comparative example 1 is 20 mm, and the first gap area 4 in the comparative example 2 is 10 mm. The comparative example 3 is an ideal columnar grating 3, that is, there is no first gap area 4 between adjacent lens structures 601. The embodiment 1 is a grating structure in which the first gap area 4 of the comparative example 1 is provided with a shielding area 7, and the embodiment 2 is a grating structure in which the first gap area 4 of the comparative example 2 is provided with a shielding area 7.

[0080] The remaining parameters of the above five structures are the same, such as each cylindrical lens grating 301 can be a structure as shown in FIG. 14. Optionally, the width of the lens structure 601 in the lens layer 6 can be set to 170.43 microns, and the inclination angle of the lens layer 6 on the substrate is 18.25°. The thickness of the adhesive layer 14 is 50±5 microns, the thickness of the substrate layer 5 is 50±5 microns, the thickness of the UV layer 15 is 10±5 microns, and the height of the lens layer 6 is 8.88 to 11.1 microns. The imaging simulation calculation of the HUD can obtain FIG. 15.

[0081] FIG. 15 is the imaging simulation result corresponding to the embodiment 1. The abscissa in FIG. 15 is the irradiation width in the x direction, and the unit is millimeter; the ordinate is the irradiation width in the y direction, and the unit is millimeter. By comparing the simulation results, it can be obtained that the crosstalk value of the comparative example 1 is about 8.6%, the crosstalk value of the comparative example 2 is about 2.2%, the comparative example 3 does not exist crosstalk, and by shielding the first gap area 4, the crosstalk can be greatly reduced. For example, the crosstalk value of the embodiment 1 is about 0.01%, and the crosstalk value of the embodiment 2 is about 0.01%. Thus, it is verified that the head-up display device using the present scheme can effectively avoid the crosstalk problem.

[0082] The embodiment of the present application provides a head-up display system 100, which comprises an imaging component 11 and the above-mentioned head-up display device 13. The head-up display device is arranged to form a virtual image on the imaging component by reflecting the light emitted by the display screen. Details can be found in the foregoing description.

[0083] The embodiment of the present application provides a carrier 200, which comprises a carrier 300 and the above-mentioned head-up display system 100 carried by the carrier. The carrier 200 provided by the embodiment can include but is not limited to a land vehicle such as a vehicle, an aerial vehicle (or called a flying vehicle) such as an aircraft, or a water or underwater vehicle, etc. The carrier 300 can be, for example, a vehicle body or a machine body.

[0084] The carrier contains the above-mentioned head-up display system, and the head-up display device in the head-up display system can effectively avoid light crosstalk and has good brightness, so as to provide better display effect for the driver and ensure the driving safety of the driver.

[0085] The above-mentioned head-up display system can also be linked with a driver monitoring system (DMS), so as to monitor the state of the driver to prevent dangerous behaviors such as driver fatigue and distraction.

[0086] The above-mentioned is an optional embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A head-up display device, comprising a backlight light source, a display screen, a grating structure and a mirror assembly; the display screen comprises a light-out surface and a backlight surface arranged oppositely; the backlight surface of the display screen is provided with the backlight light source, and the backlight light source is arranged to light up the display screen; the light-out surface of the display screen is provided with the grating structure, the grating structure comprises a substrate layer, a lens layer and a plurality of shielding areas, the lens layer is located on the substrate layer, the lens layer comprises a plurality of lens structures, and there is a first gap area between at least some adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures; the first gap area between adjacent lens structures is provided with a shielding area, the shielding area is used to block light from penetrating the first gap area, and the ratio of the width of the lens structure to the width of the shielding area is 4:1 to 60:1; the mirror assembly is located above the grating structure, so that the light emitted by the display screen after being split by the grating structure can reach the eyebox through multiple reflections of the mirror assembly.

2. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate layer comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely; the first surface is provided with the lens layer; the plurality of shielding areas are located on the first surface, or the plurality of shielding areas are located on the second surface.

3. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein The difference between the width of the shielding area and the width of the first gap area corresponding to the position of the shielding area is less than a first preset threshold, or the ratio of the difference between the width of the shielding area and the width of the first gap area corresponding to the position of the shielding area to the width of the shielding area is less than a second preset threshold.

4. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein The width of the shielding area is 5 to 20 microns. The width of the lens structure is 80 to 300 microns.

5. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the shielding area is less than or equal to 2 microns.

6. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein The widths of the first gap areas between adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures are equal.

7. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The display screen comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, and each pixel unit comprises a plurality of pixel sub-units. Each lens structure corresponds to the position of at least one pixel unit in the display screen.

8. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein A glue layer is further provided between the light-out surface of the display screen and the substrate layer.

9. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein The first gap area exists between all adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures.

10. The head-up display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The lens layer comprises N regions, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; in the N regions, there are 1st to Nth gap areas between adjacent lens structures in the 1st to Nth regions; the 1st to Nth gap areas have different gap widths.

11. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein The lens layer comprises N regions, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; in the N regions, the first gap area exists between adjacent lens structures in the 1st to Lth regions; no gap area exists between adjacent lens structures in the L+1th to Nth regions; L is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N.

12. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein, The lens layer comprises M regions, M being a positive integer greater than or equal to 3; Among the M regions, there are 1st to Kth gap regions between adjacent lens structures of 1st to Kth regions; the 1st to Kth gap regions have different gap widths; there are no gap regions between adjacent lens structures of K+1th to Mth regions; K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than M.

13. A head-up display system comprising an imaging component and the head-up display device of any one of claims 1-12, the head-up display device configured to cause light emitted by the display screen to form a virtual image at the imaging component after reflection.

14. A vehicle comprising a carrier and the head-up display system of claim 13 carried by the carrier.

Images