Display module and display device

Abstract

A display module and a display device. The display module comprises a first substrate (11) and a second substrate (12) arranged opposite each other, an electrophoretic layer (13) located between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12), and a light source (14), wherein the first substrate (11) comprises a functional layer (110), the functional layer (110) comprises a first surface (110A) and a second surface (110B) opposite each other, and a first side surface (110C) located between the first surface (110A) and the second surface (110B), the first surface (110A) is located on the side of the second surface (110B) away from the electrophoretic layer (13), and the light source (14) and the first side surface (110C) are arranged opposite each other.

Description

Display module and display device

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411386492.2, filed on September 29, 2024, to the Chinese Patent Office, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of display, for example, to a display module and a display device. BACKGROUND

[0003] With the development of digital technology, more and more display devices have entered people's lives, such as electronic paper (EP). Electronic paper simulates the appearance and reading experience of traditional paper, while combining the advantages of digital display screens, and can maintain display for a long time in the case of power failure, has the advantages of low power consumption, environmental protection, etc., so it is more and more favored by people. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a display module and a display device to reduce the thickness and achieve thin and light design.

[0005] The present application provides a display module, comprising:

[0006] a first substrate and a second substrate arranged oppositely;

[0007] an electrophoretic layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate;

[0008] the first substrate comprises a functional layer, the functional layer comprises opposite first and second surfaces and a first side surface located between the first and second surfaces, the first surface is located on the side of the second surface away from the electrophoretic layer;

[0009] a light source, the light source and the first side surface are arranged oppositely.

[0010] The present application provides a display device comprising the above-mentioned display module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a display module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0012] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of FIG. 1 along the A-A' direction;

[0013] FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a display module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of FIG. 11 along a B-B' direction;

[0023] FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG. 22 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG. 23 is a structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG. 24 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of FIG. 23 along the direction of C-C';

[0035] FIG. 25 is a partial sectional structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG. 26 is a structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG. 27 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of FIG. 26 along the direction of D-D';

[0038] FIG. 28 is a partial sectional structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG. 29 is a partial sectional structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG. 30 is a structural schematic diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] The terms "first", "second", and the like in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-described drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or a chronological sequence. It should be understood that the data thus used can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but can include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to the process, method, product, or device.

[0043] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a display module provided by an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 2 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of FIG. 1 along the direction of A-A'. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the display module provided by an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0044] The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are oppositely arranged.

[0045] The electrophoretic layer 13 is located between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12.

[0046] The first substrate 11 includes a functional layer 110, the functional layer 110 includes a first surface 110A and a second surface 110B opposite to each other, and a first side surface 110C located between the first surface 110A and the second surface 110B, the first surface 110A is located on the side of the second surface 110B away from the electrophoretic layer 13.

[0047] The light source 14 is oppositely arranged with the first side surface 110C.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are oppositely arranged, and the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 can be edge sealed by a cell process to form a closed space, which is mainly used to carry the electrophoretic layer 13 to ensure that the electrophoretic layer 13 is effectively protected and supported between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12.

[0049] The first substrate 11 has a functional layer 110 with sufficient mechanical strength, which can play a supporting and protecting role to prevent the display module from deforming or being damaged during use.

[0050] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the electrophoretic layer 13 can include at least one color of electrophoretic particles 130 suspended in a liquid medium, and the electrophoretic particles 130 can move in the liquid medium. By applying an electric field to the electrophoretic particles 130, the position of the electrophoretic particles 130 can be changed to realize the display of images.

[0051] For example, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a pixel electrode (not shown in the figure) and a common electrode layer 111 can be arranged on different sides of the electrophoretic particles 130, respectively. By applying a voltage signal to the pixel electrode, an electric field can be formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode layer 111, which will generate an attractive force or a repulsive force on the electrophoretic particles 130, causing them to move under the action of the electric field.

[0052] The electrophoretic particles 130 can include first color electrophoretic particles 130A and second color electrophoretic particles 130B, and the first color and the second color are different, at this time, the first color electrophoretic particles 130A and the second color electrophoretic particles 130B carry different charges, when a specific voltage signal is applied to the pixel electrode, the first color electrophoretic particles 130A or the second color electrophoretic particles 130B carrying the corresponding charge will move towards or away from the pixel electrode, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, taking the pixel electrode arranged on the second substrate 12 as an example, the first color electrophoretic particles 130A move towards the pixel electrode, and the second color electrophoretic particles 130B move away from the pixel electrode, so that the second color electrophoretic particles 130B appear on the upper surface of the electrophoretic layer 13, at this time, the color displayed is the color of the second color electrophoretic particles 130B; similarly, by changing the voltage signal applied to the pixel electrode, the second color electrophoretic particles 130B can also be made to move towards the pixel electrode, and the first color electrophoretic particles 130A move away from the pixel electrode, so that the first color electrophoretic particles 130A appear on the upper surface of the electrophoretic layer 13, at this time, the color displayed is the color of the first color electrophoretic particles 130A.

[0053] Therefore, by applying different voltage signals to the pixel electrode, the positions of electrophoretic particles 130 of different colors in the electrophoretic layer 13 can be accurately controlled, so that electrophoretic particles of different colors appear on the surface of the electrophoretic layer 13 at the same time or partially, color mixing is formed, and then colorful display effects can be exhibited.

[0054] In some embodiments, the electrophoretic layer 13 can also only include electrophoretic particles 130 of one color to realize monochrome image display, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0055] In FIG. 2, only the common electrode layer 111 is taken as an example arranged in the first substrate 11, but it is not limited thereto.

[0056] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a display module provided by the embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 3, the display module can further include an illumination module LGP, the illumination module LGP includes a light source 14 and a light guide plate 15, wherein the light source 14 is configured to emit a light beam, and the light guide plate 15 is configured to uniformly irradiate the light beam emitted by the light source 14 onto the electrophoretic layer 13, and the light beam is reflected by the electrophoretic layer 13 to the human eye, so that the content displayed by the display module can also be observed by the human eye in a low light environment, and the readability of the display module in the low light environment is enhanced.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 3, the illumination module LGP is arranged in an external hanging mode, and is attached to the side of the first substrate 11 or the second substrate 12 away from the electrophoretic layer 13 through an optical adhesive layer 16.

[0058] The inventor has found that the thickness of the lighting module LGP is usually 0.5 mm, and in order to ensure the firmness of the lighting module LGP, the thickness of the optical adhesive layer 16 needs to be at least 0.15 mm. Therefore, if the lighting module LGP is arranged in the external hanging manner, the thickness of the display module will be increased by more than 0.65 mm, which causes the problem of large thickness of the display module, and is not conducive to the lightweight design of the display module.

[0059] Based on the above technical problems, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the embodiment, the surface of the functional layer 110 away from the electrophoretic layer 13 is a first surface 110A; the surface of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13 is a second surface 110B; and the surface between the first surface 110A and the second surface 110B, i.e., the surface at the edge of the functional layer 110 is a first side surface 110C. The light source 14 and the first side surface 110C are arranged opposite to each other, the light beam emitted by the light source 14 enters the functional layer 110 from the first side surface 110C, and the light beam is guided by the functional layer 110 to uniformly irradiate on the electrophoretic layer 13. The light beam is reflected by the electrophoretic layer 13 to the human eye, so that the content displayed by the display module can be observed by the human eye in a low-light environment, and the readability of the display module in the low-light environment is enhanced.

[0060] The functional layer 110 in the first substrate 11 is used to realize the function of the light guide plate, that is, the light guide function is integrated in the functional layer 110 of the first substrate 11, and the light guide plate structure does not need to be arranged separately, so that the thickness of the light guide plate and the optical adhesive layer can be reduced, the overall thickness of the display module can be reduced, and the lightweight design can be realized.

[0061] In some embodiments, after the light beam is guided by the functional layer 110 to uniformly irradiate on the electrophoretic layer 13, the light beam can also be transmitted to the human eye through the electrophoretic layer 13 to play a lighting role, and the readability of the display module in the low-light environment is enhanced. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0062] The light transmittance of the functional layer 110 can be greater than or equal to 85%, so that the light loss of the light beam entering the electrophoretic layer 13 or reflected by the electrophoretic layer 13 can be reduced, the display brightness and contrast of the display module can be improved, and the display effect can be improved.

[0063] Optionally, the material of the functional layer 110 includes glass, polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The functional layer 110 made of the above materials can have a light transmittance greater than or equal to 85%, so that the light loss can be reduced, and at the same time, a high mechanical strength can be achieved, so that a good supporting and protecting effect can be achieved.

[0064] Optionally, the thickness of the functional layer 110 is greater than or equal to 0.15 mm, which can ensure that the light beams emitted by the light source 14 can effectively enter the functional layer 110 through the first side surface 110C of the functional layer 110, and improve the light utilization rate while providing sufficient mechanical strength.

[0065] For example, the light emitting surface of the light source 14 can be about 0.2 mm in length along the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the display module is located. In order to ensure that the light beams emitted by the light emitting surface of the light source 14 can enter the functional layer 110 through the first side surface 110C of the functional layer 110, the thickness of the functional layer 110 can be greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, i.e., the thickness of the functional layer 110 is greater than or equal to the length of the light emitting surface of the light source 14, but is not limited thereto. The thickness of the functional layer 110 can be adjusted according to the actual parameters of the light source.

[0066] The thickness of the functional layer 110 is less than or equal to 0.7 mm, so as to reduce the influence of the functional layer 110 on the thickness of the display module.

[0067] Optionally, the light source 14 is a light emitting diode (LED), which has the characteristics of small size, low power consumption, long service life, etc., and is suitable for use in the illumination of the display module, but is not limited thereto.

[0068] In some embodiments, the display module can use microcapsule electrophoretic display technology. For example, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4, the electrophoretic layer 13 includes a plurality of microcapsules 131, and the microcapsules 131 are provided with electrophoretic particles 130 and electrophoretic liquid. The first substrate 11 includes a common electrode layer 111, and the second substrate 12 includes a pixel electrode 121. The common electrode layer 111 and the pixel electrode 121 at least partially overlap along the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the display module is located. The first substrate 11, the electrophoretic layer 13, and the second substrate 12 are separately manufactured, and then the second substrate 12 and the electrophoretic layer 13 are bonded by a glue layer, and the electrophoretic layer 13 and the first substrate 11 are bonded by a glue layer. In some embodiments, the electrophoretic layer 13 can be manufactured on the first substrate 11, and then the electrophoretic layer 13 and the first substrate 11 are attached to the second substrate 12 as a whole.

[0069] In some other embodiments, the display module can also adopt micro-cup electrophoretic display technology. For example, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of yet another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5, the electrophoretic layer 13 includes a plurality of micro-cups 132, and the micro-cups 132 are filled with electrophoretic particles 130 and electrophoretic fluid. The first substrate 11 includes a common electrode layer 111, and the second substrate 12 includes a pixel electrode 121. The common electrode layer 111 and the pixel electrode 121 at least partially overlap in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the display module is located. In this embodiment, the electrophoretic layer 13 can be separately manufactured, and then bonded to the second substrate 12 and the first substrate 11 through a glue layer. Alternatively, the electrophoretic layer 13 can be manufactured on the first substrate 11, and then the electrophoretic layer 13 and the first substrate 11 are bonded to the second substrate 12 as a whole.

[0070] In some other embodiments, the display module can also adopt dike electrophoretic display technology. For example, FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of yet another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 6, after a plurality of pixel circuits 122 and pixel electrodes 121 are manufactured on the second substrate 12, a plurality of dike structures 17 are manufactured on the pixel electrodes 121. The dike structures 17 can be grid structures, thereby forming a plurality of mesh holes. The mesh holes are filled with electrophoretic particles 130 and electrophoretic fluid, and then encapsulated. The dike structures 17, the electrophoretic particles 130, and the electrophoretic fluid constitute the electrophoretic layer 13. The pixel circuit 122 can include at least one thin-film transistor, which can include a gate 1, an active layer 2, a source 3, and a drain 4. The pixel electrode 121 can be electrically connected to the drain 4. The thin-film transistor shown in FIG. 6 is a bottom-gate structure transistor. In other embodiments, the thin-film transistor can also be a top-gate structure transistor, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0071] In summary, the display module provided in the embodiments of the present application integrates the light guide function in the functional layer of the first substrate, and does not need to externally mount a light guide plate structure, so as to reduce the thickness of the light guide plate and the optical glue layer, and further reduce the overall thickness of the display module, thereby achieving the lightweight and thin design of the display module.

[0072] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of yet another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, optionally, the first substrate 11 further includes a first low-refraction layer 112. In a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first substrate 11 is located, the first low-refraction layer 112 is located on the side of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, and the first low-refraction layer 112 is in contact with the second surface 110B. The refractive index of the functional layer 110 is n0, and the refractive index of the first low-refraction layer 112 is n1, where n1

[0073] As shown in FIG. 7, the light source 14 is located on one side of the first side surface 110C, and the light beam emitted by the light source 14 enters the functional layer 110 from one side of the functional layer 110. At the position of the functional layer 110 close to the light source 14, the light intensity is relatively high because the light beam just enters the functional layer 110. With the increase of the propagation distance of the light beam in the functional layer 110, the light intensity continuously attenuates. Therefore, the farther away from the light source 14, the weaker the light intensity, which causes the problem of uneven display brightness of the display module.

[0074] In the embodiment, the first low-refractive layer 112 is arranged on the second surface 110B of the functional layer 110, and the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 is less than the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110. In this way, total reflection can be realized by the difference in refractive index between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112. At the position of the functional layer 110 close to the light source 14, more light beams will be totally reflected at the interface between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112, so that the light beams propagate in the functional layer 110 away from the light source 14, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the light beams in the functional layer 110, increasing the light intensity at the position away from the light source 14, and making the light intensity at the position away from the light source 14 more consistent with the light intensity at the position close to the light source 14. In this way, the light beams can more uniformly irradiate on the electrophoretic layer 13, and the display brightness uniformity of the display module is improved.

[0075] Optionally, 0.2≤n0-n1≤0.5.

[0076] The refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 is at least 0.2 less than the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110, so that the first low-refractive layer 112 and the functional layer 110 have a sufficient difference in refractive index, which helps the light beams to form multiple total reflections in the functional layer 110, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the light beams in the functional layer 110, reducing the non-uniformity of the light intensity of the light beams irradiated on the electrophoretic layer 13, and further improving the display brightness uniformity of the display module.

[0077] If the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110 is too large, it may be difficult to find a suitable material that meets the requirements of light transmittance or other performance requirements, thereby being not conducive to ensuring the display brightness and contrast of the display module.

[0078] In the embodiment, the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110 is less than or equal to 0.5, which can make the material selection of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the functional layer 110 more extensive and practical while ensuring a relatively high transmission efficiency of the light beams in the functional layer 110.

[0079] Optionally, the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110 satisfies 1.47≤n0≤1.8, where the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110 is greater than or equal to 1.47, which is conducive to forming a larger refractive index difference between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112 adjacent thereto, so as to more easily achieve total reflection, improve the transmission efficiency of the light beam inside the functional layer 110, and improve display uniformity. At the same time, the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110 is less than or equal to 1.8, which can make the material selection of the functional layer 110 more extensive and practical.

[0080] Optionally, the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 satisfies 1≤n1≤1.3, where the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 is less than or equal to 1.3, which is conducive to forming a larger refractive index difference between the first low-refractive layer 112 and the functional layer 110 adjacent thereto, so as to easily achieve total reflection, improve the transmission efficiency of the light beam inside the functional layer 110, and improve display uniformity. At the same time, the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 is greater than or equal to 1, which can make the material selection of the first low-refractive layer 112 more extensive and practical.

[0081] With reference back to FIG. 7, optionally, the thickness of the first low-refractive layer 112 is H1, where 100nm≤H1≤2000nm.

[0082] If the thickness of the first low-refractive layer 112 is too thin, it may not be sufficient to form an effective total reflection interface, so that the light beam is more likely to pass through the first low-refractive layer 112 rather than being totally reflected at the surface of the first low-refractive layer 112, thereby affecting the uniform distribution of the light beam. If the thickness of the first low-refractive layer 112 is too thick, it will affect the overall thickness of the display module, and the first low-refractive layer 112 can be formed on the second surface 110B of the functional layer 110 by a coating process. If the thickness of the first low-refractive layer 112 is too thick, it will also increase the difficulty and manufacturing cost of the coating process.

[0083] In this embodiment, by setting the thickness of the first low-refractive layer 112 to satisfy 100nm≤H1≤2000nm, the first low-refractive layer 112 has an appropriate thickness, which can ensure that the light beam can be uniformly irradiated on the entire electrophoretic layer 13, improve display brightness uniformity, reduce process difficulty and manufacturing cost, and facilitate the realization of a light and thin design.

[0084] Optionally, the light transmittance of the first low-refractive layer 112 is greater than or equal to 90%, which can reduce the light loss of the light beam entering the electrophoretic layer 13 or reflected by the electrophoretic layer 13 by the first low-refractive layer 112, and is conducive to improving the display brightness and contrast of the display module and improving the display effect.

[0085] Optionally, the material of the first low-refractive layer 112 includes transparent resin (Overcoat, OC) or other organic material, so as to help achieve a light transmittance of 90% or above, but is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the first low-refractive layer 112 can also be made of inorganic material, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0086] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module provided by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 8, the display module provided by the embodiments of the present application can also include a second low-refractive layer 113. The second low-refractive layer 113 is located on the side of the functional layer 110 away from the electrophoretic layer 13 along the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, and the second low-refractive layer 113 is in contact with the first surface 110A. The refractive index of the second low-refractive layer 113 is n2, where n2

[0087] As shown in FIG. 8, the light source 14 is located on one side of the first side surface 110C, and the light beam emitted by the light source 14 enters the functional layer 110 from one side of the functional layer 110. At the position of the functional layer 110 close to the light source 14, the light intensity is relatively high because the light beam has just entered the functional layer 110. With the increase of the propagation distance of the light beam in the functional layer 110, the light intensity will continuously attenuate. Therefore, the farther away from the light source 14, the weaker the light intensity, which causes the problem of uneven display brightness of the display module.

[0088] Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 8, part of the light beam entering the functional layer 110 will be directly guided out through the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110. This part of light does not pass through the electrophoretic layer 13 for transmission or reflection, and therefore, this part of light fails to participate in the formation of display content, causing a certain degree of brightness loss and affecting the overall display effect.

[0089] In the embodiments, the second low-refractive layer 113 is arranged on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110, and the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110. In this way, total reflection can be achieved by the difference in refractive index between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113. At the position of the functional layer 110 close to the light source 14, more light beams will be totally reflected at the interface between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113, so that this part of light beam propagates in the functional layer 110 away from the light source 14, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the light beam in the functional layer 110, increasing the light intensity at the position away from the light source 14, and making the light intensity at the position away from the light source 14 more consistent with the light intensity at the position close to the light source 14. Therefore, the light beam can more uniformly irradiate on the electrophoretic layer 13, and the display brightness uniformity of the display module is improved.

[0090] Meanwhile, the total reflection formed at the interface between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can also reduce the light beams directly derived through the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110, so that more light beams are derived to the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby the light can be more fully utilized, the light utilization rate is improved, and the display effect is improved.

[0091] Optionally, 0.2≤n0-n2≤0.5.

[0092] The refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 is at least 0.2 less than the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110, so that there is a sufficient refractive index difference between the second low-refractive layer 113 and the functional layer 110, which helps the light beams to form multiple total reflections inside the functional layer 110, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the light beams inside the functional layer 110, reducing the non-uniformity of the light intensity of the light beams irradiated onto the electrophoretic layer 13, and further improving the display brightness uniformity of the display module.

[0093] If the difference between the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 and the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110 is too large, it can be difficult to find a suitable material that meets the light transmittance requirements or other performance requirements, thereby adversely affecting the display brightness and contrast of the display module.

[0094] In the embodiment, the difference between the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 and the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110 is less than or equal to 0.5, which can make the material selection of the second low-refractive layer 113 and the functional layer 110 more extensive and practical while ensuring a high transmission efficiency of the light beams inside the functional layer 110.

[0095] Optionally, the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 satisfies 1≤n2≤1.3, wherein the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to 1.3, which is conducive to forming a larger refractive index difference between the second low-refractive layer 113 and the functional layer 110 adjacent thereto, thereby easily achieving total reflection, improving the transmission efficiency of the light beams inside the functional layer 110, and improving the display uniformity. Meanwhile, the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 is greater than or equal to 1, which can make the material selection of the second low-refractive layer 113 more extensive and practical.

[0096] Continuing to refer to FIG. 8, optionally, the first substrate 11 further includes a first low-refractive layer 112. In a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, the first low-refractive layer 112 is located on the side of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, and the first low-refractive layer 112 is in contact with the second surface 110B. The refractive index of the functional layer 110 is n0, and the refractive index of the first low-refractive layer 112 is n1, wherein n1

[0097] As shown in FIG. 8, the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the functional layer 110 along the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the display module is located, and the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 are both less than the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110. The arrangement mode of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can refer to any of the above embodiments, which will not be described here again.

[0098] When the light beam enters the first low-refractive layer 112 or the second low-refractive layer 113 with low refractive index from the functional layer 110 with high refractive index, total reflection occurs if the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, wherein the critical angle is related to the refractive index.

[0099] In this embodiment, the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 satisfy |n2-n1|≤0.1, so that the refractive indices of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 are close to each other, and the critical angles when the light beam enters the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 from the functional layer 110 are similar. Therefore, no matter whether the light beam reaches the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 or the second surface 110B of the functional layer 110, the angle condition is relatively consistent, the same total reflection rule is followed, the total reflection angles of the light beam at the first surface 110A and the second surface 110B of the functional layer 110 are more consistent, the optical path deviation caused by the large difference between the refractive indices of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 is avoided, the optical path in the functional layer 110 has a certain symmetry, which is beneficial to the light beam to propagate for a longer distance in the functional layer 110, thereby improving the light guiding efficiency and the stability of the optical path, and helping the light beam to be uniformly distributed inside the functional layer 110.

[0100] Continuing to refer to FIG. 8, optionally, the first substrate 11 further includes the first low-refractive layer 112. Along the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the first substrate 11 is located, the first low-refractive layer 112 is located on the side of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, and the first low-refractive layer 112 is in contact with the second surface 110B. The refractive index of the functional layer 110 is n0, and the refractive index of the first low-refractive layer 112 is n1, wherein n1

[0101] As shown in FIG. 8, the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the functional layer 110 along the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the display module is located, and the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 are both less than the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110. The arrangement mode of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can refer to any of the above embodiments, which will not be described here again.

[0102] When the light beam enters the first low-refractive layer 112 or the second low-refractive layer 113 with a low refractive index from the functional layer 110 with a high refractive index, total reflection occurs if the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, wherein the critical angle is related to the refractive index.

[0103] In the embodiment, the refractive index difference n0-n2 between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be set equal to the refractive index difference n0-n1 between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112, that is, n2=n1, that is, the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 are equal. In this way, the critical angles of the light beam entering the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 from the functional layer 110 are the same, and the light beam has consistent angle conditions whether it reaches the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 or the second surface 110B of the functional layer 110, and follows the same total reflection rule. The total reflection angles of the light beam at the first surface 110A and the second surface 110B of the functional layer 110 are consistent, and the light path in the functional layer 110 has symmetry, which is conducive to the light beam propagating for a longer distance in the functional layer 110, thereby improving the light guiding efficiency and the stability of the light path, and facilitating the uniform distribution of the light beam inside the functional layer 110.

[0104] In other embodiments, the refractive index difference n0-n2 between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can also be set to be greater than the refractive index difference n0-n1 between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112, wherein the refractive index difference n0-n1 between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112 is smaller, which means that the critical angle of total reflection is larger, and the light beam is less likely to be totally reflected and more likely to be emitted from the functional layer 110 to the first low-refractive layer 112. At the same time, the refractive index difference n0-n2 between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113 is larger, which means that the critical angle of total reflection is smaller, and the light beam is more likely to be totally reflected and less likely to be emitted from the functional layer 110 to the second low-refractive layer 113. In this way, the light beam can be promoted to be guided out of the electrophoretic layer 13 through the first low-refractive layer 112, so that more light passes through or reflects off the electrophoretic layer 13 to improve the clarity of the display content. At the same time, the light beam directly guided out through the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 can be reduced, the light utilization rate can be improved, and the display effect can be improved.

[0105] Continuing to refer to FIG. 8, optionally, the first substrate 11 further includes the first low-refractive layer 112. In the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, the first low-refractive layer 112 is located on the side of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, and the first low-refractive layer 112 is in contact with the second surface 110B. The refractive index of the functional layer 110 is n0, and the refractive index of the first low-refractive layer 112 is n1, wherein n1

[0106] The arrangement of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can refer to any of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0107] In the embodiment, the refractive index difference n0-n2 between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be equal to the refractive index difference n0-n1 between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112, and the beneficial effects can refer to the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0108] In other embodiments, the refractive index difference n0-n2 between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be less than the refractive index difference n0-n1 between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112, and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be used as an adhesive layer for bonding other film layers. At this time, the second low-refractive layer 113 has certain requirements for adhesion, and therefore, if the refractive index difference n0-n2 between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113 is too large, it can be difficult to find suitable materials that meet the requirements of light transmittance and adhesion. In the embodiment, by setting the refractive index difference n0-n2 between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113 to be small, the material selection of the second low-refractive layer 113 can be more extensive and practical, which is conducive to reducing costs and easy to implement.

[0109] Optionally, |n1-n2|≤|n0-n1|, and / or |n1-n2|≤|n0-n2|.

[0110] The absolute value |n1-n2| of the refractive index difference between the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to the absolute value |n0-n1| of the refractive index difference between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112, so that the refractive index difference between the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 is not too large, thereby making the critical angle of the light beam entering the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 from the functional layer 110 similar, making the total reflection angle of the light beam at the first surface 110A and the second surface 110B of the functional layer 110 more consistent, avoiding the light path deviation caused by the large refractive index difference between the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113, and making the light path in the functional layer 110 have a certain symmetry. The symmetry is conducive to making the light beam propagate for a longer distance in the functional layer 110, thereby improving the light guiding efficiency and the stability of the light path, and facilitating the uniform distribution of the light beam inside the functional layer 110.

[0111] Similarly, the absolute value |n1-n2| of the refractive index difference between the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to the absolute value |n0-n2| of the refractive index difference between the functional layer 110 and the second low-refractive layer 113, so that the refractive index difference between the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 is not too large, the total reflection angle of the light beam at the first surface 110A and the second surface 110B of the functional layer 110 is consistent, the light path in the functional layer 110 has a certain symmetry, the light guiding efficiency and the stability of the light path are improved, and the light beam is uniformly distributed in the functional layer 110.

[0112] FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the first substrate 11 can further include a first low-refractive layer 112. In a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first substrate 11 is located, the first low-refractive layer 112 is located on the side of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, and the first low-refractive layer 112 is in contact with the second surface 110B. The thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first low-refractive layer 112.

[0113] The first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be arranged in any of the manners described in the above embodiments, which will not be described herein.

[0114] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 can be equal to the thickness of the first low-refractive layer 112, so that the reflection and transmission of the light beam by the second low-refractive layer 113 and the first low-refractive layer 112 are more consistent, which is conducive to the propagation of the light beam in the functional layer 110 for a longer distance, thereby improving the light guiding efficiency and the stability of the light path, and making the light beam more uniformly distributed in the functional layer.

[0115] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9, the thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 can be greater than the thickness of the first low-refractive layer 112. The second low-refractive layer 113 can be used as an adhesive layer for bonding other film layers, and therefore, the second low-refractive layer 113 with a greater thickness can ensure sufficient bonding strength, thereby improving the reliability of bonding.

[0116] As shown in FIG. 9, the display module can further include a cover plate 18 located on the side of the second low-refractive layer 113 away from the electrophoretic layer 13, which can be used to protect the display module from the external environment and improve the overall mechanical strength of the display module, reducing the risk of damage to the display module when subjected to external force impact during use. The cover plate 18 is attached to the functional layer 110 through the second low-refractive layer 113, at this time, the second low-refractive layer 113 integrates the functions of low refractive index and adhesion, without the need to additionally set a layer of adhesive outside the second low-refractive layer 113, which is conducive to reducing the number of film layers of the display module and reducing the overall thickness of the display module.

[0117] FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of another display module provided by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 10, the first substrate 11 can further include a common electrode layer 111 located on the side of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, and the refractive index of the common electrode layer 111 is n3, where n3>n1.

[0118] As shown in FIG. 10, the first substrate 11 is provided with the common electrode layer 111, and the second substrate 12 can be provided with a pixel electrode (not shown in the figure). By applying a voltage signal to the pixel electrode, an electric field can be formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode layer 111, which can generate an attractive force or a repulsive force on the electrophoretic particles 130 in the electrophoretic layer 13, causing them to move under the action of the electric field, thereby realizing image display.

[0119] As shown in FIG. 10, the common electrode layer 111 is located on the side of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, which can make the common electrode layer 111 have a closer distance with the pixel electrode on the second substrate 12, thereby facilitating the increase of the electric field strength formed by the common electrode layer 111 and the pixel electrode, and accelerating the moving speed of the electrophoretic particles 130, thereby facilitating the increase of the display refresh rate of the display module.

[0120] Continuing to refer to FIG. 10, the light beam emitted by the light source 14 needs to be transmitted through the first low-refractive layer 112 and the common electrode layer 111 in sequence after being guided by the functional layer 110, and then irradiate onto the electrophoretic layer 13.

[0121] In this embodiment, by setting the refractive index n3 of the common electrode layer 111 to be greater than the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112, the light beam entering the first low-refractive layer 112 can more easily transmit through the common electrode layer 111, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 in the direction of the electrophoretic layer 13, allowing more light to be transmitted or reflected through the electrophoretic layer 13, and improving the clarity of the display content.

[0122] Meanwhile, the refractive index n3 of the common electrode layer 111 is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112, which can reduce the incident angle of the light beam on the electrophoretic layer 13, so that the light beam is more vertically irradiated on the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the exit angle of the light beam after being reflected or transmitted by the electrophoretic layer 13, reducing the multiple reflection and scattering of the light beam in the electrophoretic layer 13, and further reducing the light loss, thereby improving the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0123] Optionally, 0.2≤n3-n1≤0.5.

[0124] The refractive index n3 of the common electrode layer 111 is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 by at least 0.2, which can make the common electrode layer 111 and the first low-refractive layer 112 have a sufficient refractive index difference, so that the light beam entering the first low-refractive layer 112 is more easily transmitted through the common electrode layer 111, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 in the direction of the electrophoretic layer 13, and more light is transmitted or reflected by the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the clarity of the display content.

[0125] Meanwhile, the refractive index n3 of the common electrode layer 111 is greater than the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112, which can reduce the incident angle of the light beam on the electrophoretic layer 13, so that the light beam is more vertically irradiated on the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the exit angle of the light beam after being reflected or transmitted by the electrophoretic layer 13, reducing the multiple reflection and scattering of the light beam in the electrophoretic layer 13, and further reducing the light loss, thereby improving the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0126] The difference between the refractive index n3 of the common electrode layer 111 and the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 is less than or equal to 0.5, which can make the material selection of the common electrode layer 111 and the first low-refractive layer 112 more extensive and practical.

[0127] Optionally, the refractive index n3 of the common electrode layer 111 satisfies 1.5≤n3≤1.8, wherein the refractive index n3 of the common electrode layer 111 is greater than or equal to 1.5, which is conducive to forming a larger refractive index difference between the common electrode layer 111 and the first low-refractive layer 112 adjacent thereto, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 in the direction of the electrophoretic layer 13, and improving the clarity and contrast of the display content. Meanwhile, the refractive index n3 of the common electrode layer 111 is less than or equal to 1.8, which can make the material selection of the common electrode layer 111 more extensive and practical.

[0128] Optionally, the thickness of the common electrode layer 111 is greater than or equal to 3 nm, which can provide good conductive performance, thereby being conducive to ensuring the strength of the formed electric field.

[0129] Meanwhile, the thickness of the common electrode layer 111 is less than or equal to 15 nm, so as to ensure that the common electrode layer 111 has low light absorption, avoid yellowish display color, and has high light transmittance.

[0130] The thickness of the common electrode layer 111 can be 8 nm, so as to have good conductivity without affecting display color and light transmittance, and facilitate to enhance color performance and contrast of display content, but is not limited thereto, and can be set according to actual needs by those skilled in the art.

[0131] Optionally, the material of the common electrode layer 111 can include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium oxide (In2O3), so as to have good conductivity and transparency, but is not limited thereto.

[0132] FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application, FIG. 12 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of FIG. 11 along the direction of B-B', FIG. 13 is a partial sectional structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 14 is a partial sectional structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIGS. 11-14, the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 is provided with a plurality of dot structures 19, and the dot structure 19 includes a groove structure 191 and / or a protrusion structure 192.

[0133] As shown in FIGS. 11-14, the first low-refractive layer 112 and the second low-refractive layer 113 are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the functional layer 110 in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the display module is located, and the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 and the refractive index n2 of the second low-refractive layer 113 are both less than the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110. After the light beam emitted by the light source 14 enters the functional layer 110, part of the light beam will be subjected to multiple total reflections at the first surface 110A and the second surface 110B, so as to propagate in the functional layer 110. In this way, the light beam entering the functional layer 110 can be uniformly distributed inside the functional layer 110, and the problem of uneven brightness can be improved.

[0134] As shown in FIGS. 11-14, a plurality of dot structures 19 are arranged on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110, and the dot structures 19 are used to destroy the planar structure of the first surface 110A so that the light beams that originally satisfy the total reflection condition no longer satisfy the total reflection condition. The light beams that originally propagate in the functional layer 110 through total reflection are scattered or reflected by the dot structures 19 when transmitted to the dot structures 19 on the first surface 110A, and the dot structures 19 change the incident angle of the light beams on the second surface 110B so that the light beams no longer satisfy the total reflection condition but pass through the second surface 110B, thereby guiding the light beams into the electrophoretic layer 13. In this way, the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13 can be improved, thereby improving the light utilization rate and being conducive to improving the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0135] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 12, the dot structures 19 can be groove structures 191 on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110. The groove structures 191 can be formed on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 by laser dotting technology, which is conducive to improving production efficiency but is not limited thereto.

[0136] The coefficient of thermal expansion of the functional layer 110 is C, where 3.2*10 -6 / K≤C≤3.4*10 -6 / K to ensure that the size change of the functional layer 110 when the temperature changes is within a controllable range. When the laser dotting process is performed on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110, it is helpful to reduce the size change caused by temperature change, thereby improving the precision of laser dotting and ensuring the accuracy of the position of the groove structure 191 and the shape quality.

[0137] Optionally, the material of the functional layer 110 can be glass. Glass has good thermal stability and can maintain its physical and chemical properties unchanged within a wide temperature range, is easy to be laser processed, and is conducive to realizing the design of complex groove structures 191.

[0138] When the material of the functional layer 110 is glass, the refractive index n0 of the functional layer 110 can satisfy 1.47≤n0≤1.52, which is conducive to forming a larger refractive index difference between the functional layer 110 and the first low-refractive layer 112 and / or the second low-refractive layer 113 adjacent thereto, easily realizing total reflection, and can make the material selection of the functional layer 110 more extensive and practical.

[0139] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 13, the dot structure 19 can be a protruding structure 192 on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110, wherein the protruding structure 192 can be formed on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 by printing or inkjet printing, so as to precisely control the position, shape and size of the protruding structure 192, and the material of the protruding structure 192 can be transparent ink, but is not limited thereto.

[0140] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 14, the dot structure 19 can include both the recess structure 191 and the protruding structure 192 on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110, so that various process means can be used to form the high-density dot structure 19, thereby breaking through the density limitation of a single preparation process.

[0141] Optionally, the shape of the vertical projection of the dot structure 19 on the first substrate 11 is a circle or an ellipse, which can make the scattering or reflection of the light beam on the dot structure 19 more uniform, thereby facilitating the improvement of the brightness uniformity; at the same time, the preparation process is relatively simple and easy to implement.

[0142] Optionally, the side wall of the recess structure 191 and / or the protruding structure 192 in the dot structure 19 is an inclined surface, which has an included angle with the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, and the included angle is not equal to 90°, so that the dot structure 19 can scatter or reflect the light beam to the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13, and further improving the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0143] In other embodiments, the side wall of the recess structure 191 and / or the protruding structure 192 in the dot structure 19 can also be an arc surface, so that the scattering effect of the dot structure 19 on the light beam can be enhanced, so that the light beam can be more uniformly irradiated onto the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the display brightness uniformity of the display module.

[0144] For example, as shown in FIGS. 12-14, the dot structure 19 can be hemispherical, so that the cross section of the dot structure 19 in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located is semicircular, and the process is relatively easy to implement.

[0145] FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of another display module provided by the embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 15, optionally, the dot structure 19 can be conical, so that the cross section of the dot structure 19 in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located is triangular, and the process is relatively easy to implement.

[0146] Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 16, the dot structure 19 can also be a circular truncated cone shape. In this case, the cross-section of the dot structure 19 along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 11 is a trapezoid.

[0147] In other embodiments, the dot structure 19 can also be irregularly shaped, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0148] Optionally, the depth of the groove structure 191 is greater than or equal to 5 μm, so as to increase the contact opportunities of the light beams with the surface of the groove structure 191, which is conducive to scattering or reflecting more light beams to the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13, and further improving the clarity and contrast of the display content. Meanwhile, the depth of the groove structure 191 can be less than or equal to 7 μm, so as to avoid affecting the propagation of the light beams inside the functional layer 110.

[0149] Optionally, the height of the protrusion structure 192 is greater than or equal to 5 μm, so as to increase the contact opportunities of the light beams with the surface of the protrusion structure 192, which is conducive to scattering or reflecting more light beams to the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13, and further improving the clarity and contrast of the display content. Meanwhile, the height of the protrusion structure 192 can be less than or equal to 7 μm, so as to avoid affecting the overall thickness of the display module.

[0150] With reference to Figs. 11-16, optionally, a cofferdam structure 17 is arranged between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the cofferdam structure 17 and the dot structure 19 at least partially overlap along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 11.

[0151] As shown in Figs. 11-16, the cofferdam structure 17 is arranged between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The cofferdam structure 17 can be a grid structure, thereby forming a plurality of mesh holes. The electrophoretic particles 130 and the electrophoretic fluid are filled in the mesh holes formed by the cofferdam structure 17, and then encapsulated. The cofferdam structure 17, the electrophoretic particles 130 and the electrophoretic fluid constitute the electrophoretic layer 13.

[0152] The cofferdam structure 17 can play a supporting role for the display module, thereby reducing the deformation degree of the first substrate 11 or the second substrate 12 when being pressed, and further reducing the influence of the deformation on the flow of the electrophoretic fluid and the movement of the electrophoretic particles 130, preventing the display picture from fluctuating and discoloring, and being conducive to improving the display precision and display reliability of the display module.

[0153] Optionally, as shown in FIGS. 11-16, the cofferdam structure 17 is arranged on the second substrate 12, at this time, there can be a gap between the cofferdam structure 17 and the first substrate 11, so that the electrophoretic particles 130 can move between the cofferdam structure 17 and the first substrate 11, which can reduce the risk of electrophoretic particles 31 excessively concentrating in a single area range, and improve display reliability.

[0154] In some embodiments, the cofferdam structure 17 can also be in contact with the first substrate 11, thereby improving the supporting effect of the cofferdam structure 17 on the display module, further reducing the degree of deformation of the display module when pressed, thereby reducing the influence of deformation on the flow of electrophoretic fluid and the movement of electrophoretic particles 130, preventing the display image from fluctuating and discoloring, and facilitating the improvement of display accuracy and display reliability of the display module.

[0155] In some other embodiments, the cofferdam structure 17 can also be arranged on the first substrate 11, at this time, there can be a gap between the cofferdam structure 17 and the second substrate 12, so that the electrophoretic particles 130 can move between the cofferdam structure 17 and the second substrate 12, which can help reduce the risk of electrophoretic particles 31 excessively concentrating in a single area range, and improve display reliability.

[0156] In some other embodiments, the cofferdam structure 17 can also be arranged on the first substrate 11, at this time, there can be a gap between the cofferdam structure 17 and the second substrate 12, so that the electrophoretic particles 130 can move between the cofferdam structure 17 and the second substrate 12, which can help reduce the risk of electrophoretic particles 31 excessively concentrating in a single area range, and improve display reliability.

[0157] As shown in FIG. 11, the display module can include a plurality of pixels P arranged in an array, the pixel P is the smallest unit constituting the display image, and one pixel P can be correspondingly provided with a pixel electrode to realize independent control of each pixel P. When displaying an image, a certain electric field is formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode layer 111, the electrophoretic particles 130 have a certain charge, and under the action of the electric field, the electrophoretic particles 130 relatively approach or move away from the pixel electrode. The light beam irradiated to the electrophoretic layer 13 is reflected or transmitted by the plurality of pixels P and then exits to the human eye, so that the user can view the image presented by the display module.

[0158] In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the cofferdam structure 17 can be arranged around the pixel P, so that the cofferdam structure 17 can better support and protect the pixel P.

[0159] One mesh of the cofferdam structure 17 can be used to accommodate one pixel P, or can accommodate a plurality of pixels P, which is not limited in the present embodiment.

[0160] With reference to FIGS. 11-16, in the present embodiment, the cofferdam structure 17 and the dot structure 19 at least partially overlap in the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the first substrate 11 lies, which can reduce the overlapping area between the dot structure 19 and the pixel P, and thus reduce the interference of the dot structure 19 with the light beams emitted by the pixel P, and improve the display effect.

[0161] As shown in FIGS. 11-16, the cofferdam structure 17 can cover the dot structure 19 in the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the first substrate 11 lies, which can further reduce the overlapping area between the dot structure 19 and the pixel P, reduce the interference of the dot structure 19 with the light beams emitted by the pixel P, and improve the display effect.

[0162] With reference to FIG. 11, optionally, the cofferdam structure 17 is arranged between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. In the first direction X, the length of the dot structure 19 is D1, and the length of the cofferdam structure 17 is D2, where D1≤D2, and the first direction X is parallel to the plane on which the first substrate 11 lies.

[0163] As shown in FIG. 11, the length D2 of the cofferdam structure 17 can be the minimum length of the cofferdam structure 17 in the first direction X.

[0164] In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, in any direction parallel to the plane on which the first substrate 11 lies (for example, the first direction X in the figure), by arranging the length D1 of the dot structure 19 to be less than or equal to the length D2 of the cofferdam structure 17, the cofferdam structure 17 can cover the dot structure 19 in the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the first substrate 11 lies, which can help to reduce the overlapping area between the dot structure 19 and the pixel P, reduce the interference of the dot structure 19 with the light beams emitted by the pixel P, and improve the display effect.

[0165] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 11, in the first direction X, the length D2 of the cofferdam structure 17 can be arranged to be 20-30 μm, for example, in the first direction X, the length D2 of the cofferdam structure 17 is 24 μm, which can play a good supporting role while not occupying too much area to affect the display effect.

[0166] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 11, in the first direction X, the length D1 of the dot structure 19 is greater than or equal to 10 μm, which can increase the contact opportunity of the light beams with the surface of the dot structure 19, and thus help to scatter or reflect more light beams to the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13, and improving the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0167] Meanwhile, along the first direction X, the length D1 of the dot structure 19 is less than or equal to 20 μm, and in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, it can be ensured that the dike structure 17 can cover the dot structure 19, thereby reducing the overlapping area between the dot structure 19 and the pixel P, reducing the interference of the dot structure 19 to the light beam emitted by the pixel P, and improving the display effect.

[0168] For example, along the first direction X, the length D1 of the dot structure 19 is 18 μm, so as to improve the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13 while reducing the interference of the dot structure 19 to the light beam emitted by the pixel P, and improving the display effect, but not limited thereto.

[0169] FIG. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 17, optionally, the display area AA of the display module provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a first display area AA1 and a second display area AA2, the first display area AA1 is located on the side of the second display area AA2 close to the light source 14, and the density of the dot structure 19 in the first display area AA1 is less than the density of the dot structure 19 in the second display area AA2.

[0170] As shown in FIG. 17, the display area AA is divided into the first display area AA1 and the second display area AA2, wherein the first display area AA1 is located between the second display area AA2 and the light source 14, then the distance between the first display area AA1 and the light source 14 is closer, and the distance between the second display area AA2 and the light source 14 is farther. After the light beam emitted by the light source 14 enters the inside of the functional layer 110, it is transmitted to the second display area AA2 through the first display area AA1. Since the light intensity continuously attenuates with the increase of the propagation distance of the light beam in the functional layer 110, in the first display area AA1 close to the light source 14, the light intensity is larger, forming a higher display brightness; while in the second display area AA2 far away from the light source 14, the light intensity is weaker, forming a lower display brightness, thereby causing the problem of uneven display brightness of the display module.

[0171] In the embodiment, in the first display area AA1, the density of the dot structure 19 is smaller, then in the unit area of the first display area AA1, the number of the dot structure 19 is smaller, thereby the number of the light beam in the first display area AA1 which is guided to the electrophoretic layer 13 by the dot structure 19 can be reduced, and the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13 in the first display area AA1 can be reduced.

[0172] Meanwhile, in the second display area AA2, the density of the dot structures 19 is set to be relatively large, and thus the number of the dot structures 19 in a unit area of the second display area AA2 is relatively large, so that the number of light beams guided by the dot structures 19 to the electrophoretic layer 13 in the second display area AA2 can be increased, and the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13 in the second display area AA2 can be improved.

[0173] In this way, the display brightness of the first display area AA1 close to the light source 14 can be reduced, and the display brightness of the second display area AA2 far from the light source 14 can be increased, so that the display brightness difference between the first display area AA1 and the second display area AA2 can be reduced, the problem of brightness unevenness can be improved, and the display brightness uniformity can be improved.

[0174] Continuing to refer to FIG. 17, optionally, the display area AA of the display module provided in the embodiments of the present application includes a first display area AA1 and a second display area AA2, and the first display area AA1 is located on the side of the second display area AA2 close to the light source 14. In the first display area AA1, the distance between two adjacent dot structures 19 in the second direction Y is D3; in the second display area AA2, the distance between two adjacent dot structures 19 in the second direction Y is D4; and D3>D4, and the second direction Y is parallel to the plane in which the first substrate 11 is located.

[0175] As described above, the distance between the first display area AA1 and the light source 14 is relatively short, and the distance between the second display area AA2 and the light source 14 is relatively long, so that a relatively high display brightness is formed in the first display area AA1 close to the light source 14, and a relatively low display brightness is formed in the second display area AA2 far from the light source 14, thereby causing the problem of display brightness unevenness of the display module.

[0176] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, in the first display area AA1, the distance D3 between two adjacent dot structures 19 in any direction (for example, the second direction Y in the drawing) parallel to the plane in which the first substrate 11 is located is relatively large, so that the dot structures 19 in the first display area AA1 are relatively sparse, and thus the number of the dot structures 19 in a unit area of the first display area AA1 is relatively small, so that the number of light beams guided by the dot structures 19 to the electrophoretic layer 13 in the first display area AA1 can be reduced, and the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13 in the first display area AA1 can be reduced.

[0177] Meanwhile, in the second display area AA2, the distance D4 between any two adjacent dot structures 19 arranged in a direction (for example, the second direction Y in the figure) parallel to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located is small, so that the dot structures 19 in the second display area AA2 are relatively dense, and the number of the dot structures 19 in a unit area of the second display area AA2 is relatively large, thereby increasing the number of light beams in the second display area AA2 that are guided by the dot structures 19 to the electrophoretic layer 13 and improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13 in the second display area AA2.

[0178] In this way, the display brightness of the first display area AA1 close to the light source 14 is reduced, and the display brightness of the second display area AA2 far from the light source 14 is increased, thereby reducing the difference in display brightness between the first display area AA1 and the second display area AA2, improving the problem of uneven brightness, and improving the display brightness uniformity.

[0179] FIG. 18 is a structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 18, optionally, the display area AA of the display module provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes a third display area AA3, and the third display area AA3 is located between the first display area AA1 and the second display area AA2. The density of the dot structures 19 in the third display area AA3 is less than the density of the dot structures 19 in the second display area AA2, and the density of the dot structures 19 in the third display area AA3 is greater than the density of the dot structures 19 in the first display area AA1.

[0180] As shown in FIG. 18, the third display area AA3 is arranged between the first display area AA1 and the second display area AA2, so that the distances between the first display area AA1, the third display area AA3, the second display area AA2 and the light source 14 gradually increase. After the light beams emitted by the light source 14 enter the functional layer 110, the light beams are transmitted to the second display area AA2 through the first display area AA1 and the third display area AA3 in sequence. Since the light intensity continuously decreases with the increase of the propagation distance of the light beams in the functional layer 110, the display brightness of the first display area AA1, the third display area AA3 and the second display area AA2 gradually decreases, thereby causing the problem of uneven display brightness of the display module.

[0181] In the embodiment, the third display area AA3 is a transition area between the first display area AA1 and the second display area AA2. By setting the density of the dot structure 19 in the first display area AA1, the third display area AA3 and the second display area AA2 to gradually increase, the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the electrophoretic layer 13 side in the first display area AA1, the third display area AA3 and the second display area AA2 gradually increases, which can gradually increase the density of the dot structure 19 with the increase of the propagation distance of the light beam inside the functional layer 110, and is beneficial to make the light beam more uniformly irradiate on the electrophoretic layer 13, and improve the display brightness uniformity of the display module.

[0182] With reference to FIG. 18, optionally, the interval between two adjacent dot structures 19 in the first display area AA1 in the second direction Y is D3; the interval between two adjacent dot structures 19 in the second display area AA2 in the second direction Y is D4; the interval between two adjacent dot structures 19 in the third display area AA3 in the second direction Y is D5; wherein D3>D5>D4, and the second direction Y is parallel to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located.

[0183] As shown in FIG. 18, the third display area AA3 is a transition area between the first display area AA1 and the second display area AA2. In any direction (for example, the second direction Y in the figure) parallel to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, the interval D3 between two adjacent dot structures 19 in the first display area AA1, the interval D5 between two adjacent dot structures 19 in the third display area AA3 and the interval D4 between two adjacent dot structures 19 in the second display area AA2 gradually decrease, so that the density of the dot structure 19 in the first display area AA1, the third display area AA3 and the second display area AA2 gradually increases. The density of the dot structure 19 gradually increases with the increase of the propagation distance of the light beam inside the functional layer 110, and the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the electrophoretic layer 13 side gradually increases with the increase of the propagation distance of the light beam inside the functional layer 110, which is beneficial to make the light beam more uniformly irradiate on the electrophoretic layer 13, and improve the display brightness uniformity of the display module.

[0184] Fig. 19 is a structural schematic view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 19, the plurality of dot structures 19 are arranged in a matrix, and the coffer structure 17 includes a plurality of first barriers 171 and a plurality of second barriers 172. The plurality of first barriers 171 extend along a third direction Z and are arranged along a fourth direction Q. The plurality of second barriers 172 extend along the fourth direction Q and are arranged along the third direction Z. The third direction Z and the fourth direction Q intersect. Along the third direction Z, the distance between adjacent dot structures 19 is Cx, the distance between adjacent second barriers 172 is Ax, and the width of the second barriers 172 is Bx. Along the fourth direction Q, the distance between adjacent dot structures 19 is Cy, the distance between adjacent first barriers 171 is Ay, and the width of the first barriers 171 is By. Cx≤(Ax+Bx) / N, Cy≤(Ay+By) / N, and N is a positive integer greater than 0.

[0185] As shown in Fig. 19, the plurality of dot structures 19 are arranged in a matrix, which can make the dot structures 19 more evenly distributed on the functional layer 110, and is conducive to improving the display uniformity of the display module.

[0186] The coffer structure 17 includes a plurality of first barriers 171 and a plurality of second barriers 172, and the plurality of first barriers 171 and the plurality of second barriers 172 are arranged in a cross manner to form a grid structure.

[0187] Along the extension direction of the first barriers 171 (for example, the third direction Z in the figure), the distance Cx between adjacent dot structures 19 is at least less than or equal to the sum of the distance Ax between adjacent second barriers 172 and the width Bx of the second barriers 172. In this way, the dot structures 19 can have a large enough distribution density in the extension direction of the first barriers 171 (for example, the third direction Z in the figure), so as to ensure the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13, and is conducive to improving the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0188] Similarly, along the extension direction of the second barriers 172 (for example, the fourth direction Q in the figure), the distance Cy between adjacent dot structures 19 is at least less than or equal to the sum of the distance Ay between adjacent first barriers 171 and the width By of the first barriers 171. In this way, the dot structures 19 can have a large enough distribution density in the extension direction of the second barriers 172 (for example, the fourth direction Q in the figure), so as to ensure the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 to the side of the electrophoretic layer 13, and is conducive to improving the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0189] As shown in Fig. 19, Cx=(Ax+Bx) / N and Cy=(Ay+By) / N.

[0190] In this way, in the extending direction of the first barrier wall 171 (for example, the third direction Z in the figure), the sum of the interval Ax between adjacent second barrier walls 172 and the width Bx of the second barrier wall 172 is an integer multiple of the distance Cx between adjacent dot structures 19.

[0191] For example, in the first display area AA1, the sum of the interval Ax between adjacent second barrier walls 172 and the width Bx of the second barrier wall 172 is equal to the distance Cx between adjacent dot structures 19, that is, N = 1, Cx = (Ax + Bx) / N = Ax + Bx; in the third display area AA3, the sum of the interval Ax between adjacent second barrier walls 172 and the width Bx of the second barrier wall 172 is twice the distance Cx between adjacent dot structures 19, that is, N = 2, Cx = (Ax + Bx) / N = (Ax + Bx) / 2; in the second display area AA2, the sum of the interval Ax between adjacent second barrier walls 172 and the width Bx of the second barrier wall 172 is four times the distance Cx between adjacent dot structures 19, that is, N = 4, Cx = (Ax + Bx) / N = (Ax + Bx) / 4.

[0192] At this time, in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, the dot structure 19 is more likely to overlap with the second barrier wall 172, so that the interference of the dot structure 19 to the light beam emitted by the pixel P can be reduced, and the display effect can be improved.

[0193] Similarly, in the extending direction of the second barrier wall 172 (for example, the fourth direction Q in the figure), the sum of the interval Ay between adjacent first barrier walls 171 and the width By of the first barrier wall 171 is an integer multiple of the distance Cy between adjacent dot structures 19.

[0194] For example, in the first display area AA1, the sum of the interval Ay between adjacent first barrier walls 171 and the width By of the first barrier wall 171 is equal to the distance Cy between adjacent dot structures 19, that is, N = 1, Cy = (Ay + By) / N = Ay + By; in the third display area AA3, the sum of the interval Ay between adjacent first barrier walls 171 and the width By of the first barrier wall 171 is twice the distance Cy between adjacent dot structures 19, that is, N = 2, Cy = (Ay + By) / N = (Ay + By) / 2; in the second display area AA2, the sum of the interval Ay between adjacent first barrier walls 171 and the width By of the first barrier wall 171 is four times the distance Cy between adjacent dot structures 19, that is, N = 4, Cy = (Ay + By) / N = (Ay + By) / 4.

[0195] At this time, the dot structure 19 is more likely to overlap with the first barrier wall 171 in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, so that the interference of the dot structure 19 to the light beam emitted by the pixel P can be reduced, and the display effect can be improved.

[0196] Optionally, the spacing Ax between the adjacent second barrier walls 172 along the third direction Z can be 20-30 μm, and the spacing Ay between the adjacent first barrier walls 171 along the fourth direction Q can be 20-30 μm, but the present application is not limited thereto.

[0197] In FIG. 19, only the case that the third direction Z is perpendicular to the fourth direction Q is described, but the present application is not limited thereto.

[0198] With reference to FIGS. 1-16, optionally, the first substrate 11 is located at the light emitting side of the display module.

[0199] As shown in FIGS. 1-16, the first substrate 11 is located at the light emitting side of the display module, i.e., the side where the user observes the display content, forming a reflective display module.

[0200] At this time, the external ambient light (such as natural light or indoor light) is incident on the electrophoretic layer 13 and is reflected to the human eye through the electrophoretic layer, wherein the electrophoretic particles 130 in the electrophoretic layer 13 move under the action of the electric field and change their arrangement state, so that different colors of light can be selectively reflected, and the light reflected through the electrophoretic layer 13 enters the user's eye, so that the user can observe the image. The image displayed by the display module under direct sunlight is still clear and visible, has a wide viewing angle, and can provide very high contrast and clarity.

[0201] Meanwhile, the light beam emitted by the light source 14 can also be guided through the functional layer 110 of the first substrate 11 and uniformly irradiate on the electrophoretic layer 13, and the light beam reflected by the electrophoretic layer 13 to the human eye can also enable the human eye to observe the content displayed by the display module in a low light environment, thereby enhancing the readability of the display module in a low light environment.

[0202] Optionally, as shown in FIGS. 4-6, the common electrode layer 111 can be arranged on the first substrate 11, and the pixel electrode 121 can be arranged on the second substrate 12, and a voltage signal is applied to the pixel electrode 121 to form an electric field between the pixel electrode 121 and the common electrode layer 111, which will generate an attractive force or a repulsive force on the electrophoretic particles 130, so that the electrophoretic particles 130 move under the action of the electric field, but the present application is not limited thereto.

[0203] Fig. 20 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application, and Fig. 21 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figs. 20 and 21, the pixel electrode 121 can be formed on the substrate 120 of the second substrate 12, and the pixel electrode 121 can be a white electrode. The common electrode layer 111 can be formed on the sidewall of the dike structure 17. Taking the first color electrophoretic particle 130A as a positively charged black electrophoretic particle and the second color electrophoretic particle 130B as a negatively charged black electrophoretic particle as an example, as shown in Fig. 20, by applying an AC voltage with a large amplitude to the pixel electrode 121, the positively charged first color electrophoretic particle 130A and the negatively charged second color electrophoretic particle 130B are both moved into the strong electric field region (near the common electrode layer 111), at this time, the pixel electrode 121 is exposed. Since the pixel electrode 121 can be a white electrode, a white picture display can be realized. As shown in Fig. 21, by applying an AC voltage with a small amplitude to the pixel electrode 121, the negatively charged second color electrophoretic particle 130B is moved onto the pixel electrode 121, at this time, the pixel electrode 121 is covered with the black second color electrophoretic particle 130B, thereby realizing a black picture display.

[0204] The setting positions of the pixel electrode 121 and the common electrode layer 111 and the working process are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the same.

[0205] Fig. 22 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 22, the first substrate 11 can be located at the backlight side of the display module.

[0206] As shown in Fig. 22, the first substrate 11 is located at the backlight side of the display module, i.e., the electrophoretic layer 13 is away from the user, and the second substrate 12 becomes the side for the user to observe the display content. The light beam emitted by the light source 14 is guided by the functional layer 110 of the first substrate 11 and uniformly irradiated onto the electrophoretic layer 13. The light beam is transmitted through the electrophoretic layer 13 to the human eye, so that the human eye can observe the content displayed by the display module.

[0207] As shown in Fig. 22, in this embodiment, the common electrode layer 111 can be disposed on the substrate 120 of the second substrate 12, and the pixel electrode 121 can be disposed on the first substrate 11. By applying a voltage signal to the pixel electrode 121, an electric field is formed between the pixel electrode 121 and the common electrode layer 111, which can generate an attractive force or a repulsive force on the electrophoretic particle 130, so that the electrophoretic particle 130 is moved under the action of the electric field, but is not limited thereto.

[0208] As shown in FIG. 22, taking the pixel electrode 121 with a size smaller than the pixel size and the black electrophoretic particles 130 as an example, by applying a specific voltage signal to the pixel electrode 121, the electrophoretic particles 130 can be concentrated near the pixel electrode 121, at this time, most of the light beams guided to the electrophoretic layer 13 through the functional layer 110 can pass through the electrophoretic layer 13 and be transmitted to the human eye, so that the white picture display can be realized. When the application of the specific voltage signal to the pixel electrode 121 is stopped, the electric field disappears, at this time, the electrophoretic particles 130 are uniformly dispersed in the electrophoretic fluid, the light beams guided to the electrophoretic layer 13 through the functional layer 110 are absorbed or blocked by the electrophoretic particles 130, and cannot be transmitted to the human eye, so that the black picture display can be realized.

[0209] The setting positions of the pixel electrode 121 and the common electrode layer 111 and the working process are not limited to the above embodiment, and the present application is not limited thereto.

[0210] FIG. 23 is a structural schematic diagram of another display module provided by the present application, and FIG. 24 is a structural schematic diagram of the cross section of FIG. 23 along the direction of C-C'. As shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, optionally, the display module provided by the present application further includes a touch structure 31, and the touch structure 31 is located on the side of the first substrate 11 away from the electrophoretic layer 13.

[0211] The touch structure 31 is configured to realize the touch function.

[0212] As shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, by setting the touch structure 31 on the side of the first substrate 11 away from the electrophoretic layer 13, the touch structure 31 can be closer to the touch position of the user, so that the faster response speed and the higher touch precision can be provided.

[0213] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, the touch structure 31 can adopt a mutual capacitance type touch structure, wherein the touch structure 31 includes a plurality of first touch electrodes 311 and a plurality of second touch electrodes 312, the plurality of first touch electrodes 311 and the plurality of second touch electrodes 312 are cross-set, and the first touch electrodes 311 and the second touch electrodes 312 are insulated. The display module can generate touch information based on the capacitance change between the first touch electrodes 311 and the second touch electrodes 312, so as to realize the touch function.

[0214] Optionally, the first touch electrodes 311 are touch driving electrodes, and the second touch electrodes 312 are touch sensing electrodes; or the first touch electrodes 311 are touch sensing electrodes, and the second touch electrodes 312 are touch driving electrodes.

[0215] The touch driving electrode and the touch sensing electrode can be electrically connected with the touch chip. In a touch stage of the display module, the touch chip sends a touch driving signal to the touch driving electrode. When the touch sensing electrode senses a touch of a finger or other touch object, the touch sensing electrode sends a touch sensing signal to the touch chip. The touch chip processes the touch sensing signal to obtain a touch position, thereby realizing a touch function of the display module.

[0216] In another embodiment, the touch structure 31 can also adopt a self-capacitance touch structure. The touch structure 31 can include a plurality of touch electrode blocks, and the plurality of touch electrode blocks are insulated from each other. Each touch electrode block can form a self-capacitance with the ground. An external capacitance formed by the contact of a finger or other touch object will change the self-capacitance formed between the touch electrode block and the ground, and the position of the touch point can be detected.

[0217] In other embodiments, the touch structure 31 can also adopt other types of touch structures, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0218] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module provided by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIGS. 23-25, the display module provided by the embodiments of the present application can further include a second low-refractive layer 113 and a first adhesive layer 33. In a direction perpendicular to a plane where the first substrate 11 is located, the second low-refractive layer 113 is located on a side of the functional layer 110 away from the electrophoretic layer 13, and the second low-refractive layer 113 is in contact with the first surface 110A. The refractive index of the second low-refractive layer 113 is n2, where n2 < n0.

[0219] The first adhesive layer 33 is located on a side of the second low-refractive layer 113 away from the functional layer 110, and the touch structure 31 is attached to the second low-refractive layer 113 through the first adhesive layer 33.

[0220] Alternatively,

[0221] The first adhesive layer 33 and the second low-refractive layer 113 are the same film layer, and the touch structure 31 is attached to the functional layer 110 through the second low-refractive layer 113.

[0222] The second low-refractive layer 113 can be arranged in any manner as described in the above embodiments, which will not be described herein.

[0223] As shown in FIG. 25, in this embodiment, the first adhesive layer 33 can be arranged between the second low-refractive layer 113 and the touch structure 31, so as to bond the touch structure 31 and the second low-refractive layer 113 through the first adhesive layer 33. In this way, the first adhesive layer 33 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be made of different materials to provide bonding performance and low-refractive performance respectively, and the material selection of the first adhesive layer 33 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be more extensive.

[0224] The material of the first adhesive layer 33 can include optically clear adhesive (OCA) or pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) or the like transparent material, which can provide good bonding performance and high light transmittance, thereby reducing the light loss of the light beam by the first adhesive layer 33, and being conducive to improving the display brightness and contrast of the display module.

[0225] Optionally, the thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is greater than or equal to 100 nm, so as to have sufficient thickness to form a total reflection interface and ensure the transmission efficiency of the light beam in the functional layer 110.

[0226] The thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to 2000 nm, so as to avoid affecting the overall thickness of the display module. In addition, the second low-refractive layer 113 can be formed on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 by coating process, and the thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to 2000 nm, which can also reduce the process difficulty and manufacturing cost.

[0227] Continuing to refer to FIG. 24, optionally, the first adhesive layer 33 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be the same film layer, that is, the touch structure 31 is directly bonded with the functional layer 110 through the second low-refractive layer 113, and at this time, the second low-refractive layer 113 provides bonding performance and low-refractive performance, which can reduce the number of film layers and be conducive to reducing the thickness of the display module.

[0228] The material of the second low-refractive layer 113 can include optically clear adhesive (OCA) or pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) or the like transparent material, which can provide good bonding performance and meet the requirements of low-refractive and high light transmittance.

[0229] Optionally, the thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is greater than or equal to 50 μm, so as to provide sufficient bonding performance and be conducive to improving the bonding reliability between the touch structure 31 and the functional layer 110.

[0230] The thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to 250 μm, so as to avoid affecting the overall thickness of the display module.

[0231] With reference to FIGS. 23-25, optionally, the display module further comprises a third adhesive layer 32 and a cover plate 18, the cover plate 18 is located on the side of the touch control structure 31 away from the electrophoretic layer 13, and the third adhesive layer 32 is located between the touch control structure 31 and the cover plate 18, so as to adhere the touch control structure 31 and the cover plate 18 through the third adhesive layer 32, wherein the cover plate 18 can be used to protect the display module from the external environment and can improve the overall mechanical strength of the display module and reduce the risk of damage to the display module when subjected to external force impact during use.

[0232] FIG. 26 is a structural schematic diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 27 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the display module along the direction D-D' in FIG. 26. As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, optionally, the first substrate 11 further comprises a touch control structure 31, and the touch control structure 31 is located between the functional layer 110 and the electrophoretic layer 13.

[0233] The touch control structure 31 is configured to realize a touch control function.

[0234] As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the touch control structure 31 is arranged between the functional layer 110 and the electrophoretic layer 13, so as to integrate the touch control structure 31 in the first substrate 11, wherein the touch control structure 31 can be directly prepared on the surface of the first low-refractive layer 112 away from the functional layer 110, so that the optical adhesive layer for adhering the touch control structure 31 and the first substrate 11 is not needed, the thickness of the optical adhesive layer for adhering the touch control structure 31 can be reduced, the overall thickness of the display module can be reduced, and the design of thinning can be realized.

[0235] With reference to FIG. 27, the common electrode layer 111 can be arranged on the side of the touch control structure 31 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, so that the common electrode layer 111 has a relatively close distance to the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby facilitating the improvement of the electric field strength in the electrophoretic layer 13, the increase of the moving speed of the electrophoretic particles 130, and the improvement of the display refresh rate of the display module.

[0236] FIG. 28 is a partial sectional structural schematic diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 28, optionally, the first substrate 11 further comprises an insulating protective layer 114, and the insulating protective layer 114 is located between the touch control structure 31 and the electrophoretic layer 13.

[0237] As shown in FIG. 28, the insulating protective layer 114 is arranged between the touch control structure 31 and the electrophoretic layer 13, and the insulating protective layer 114 is used to insulate and protect the touch control structure 31.

[0238] As shown in FIG. 28, the common electrode layer 111 can be arranged on the side of the insulating protective layer 114 close to the electrophoretic layer 13, so that the common electrode layer 111 is closer to the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby facilitating the increase of the electric field intensity formed in the electrophoretic layer 13, accelerating the moving speed of the electrophoretic particles 130, and further facilitating the increase of the display refresh rate of the display module.

[0239] Optionally, the insulating protective layer 114 has a refractive index n4, where n4>n1.

[0240] As shown in FIG. 28, the light beams emitted by the light source 14 need to be transmitted through the first low-refractive layer 112 and the insulating protective layer 114 after being guided by the functional layer 110, and then irradiate onto the electrophoretic layer 13.

[0241] In the embodiment, by setting the refractive index n4 of the insulating protective layer 114 to be greater than the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112, the light beams entering the first low-refractive layer 112 can more easily transmit through the insulating protective layer 114, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 in the direction of the electrophoretic layer 13, making more light beams transmit or reflect through the electrophoretic layer 13, and improving the clarity of the display content.

[0242] Meanwhile, the refractive index n4 of the insulating protective layer 114 being greater than the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 can also reduce the incident angle of the light beams entering the electrophoretic layer 13, so that the light beams more vertically irradiate onto the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the exit angle of the light beams after being reflected or transmitted through the electrophoretic layer 13 and exiting to the human eye, reducing the multiple reflections and scattering of the light beams in the electrophoretic layer 13, and further reducing the light loss, which is beneficial to improve the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0243] Optionally, the first substrate 11 further comprises the first low-refractive layer 112. The first low-refractive layer 112 is arranged on the side of the functional layer 110 close to the electrophoretic layer 13 in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, and the first low-refractive layer 112 is in contact with the second surface 110B. The functional layer 110 has a refractive index n0, and the first low-refractive layer 112 has a refractive index n1, where n1

[0244] By setting the refractive index n4 of the insulating protective layer 114 to be at least 0.2 greater than the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112, the insulating protective layer 114 and the first low-refractive layer 112 can have a sufficient refractive index difference, so that the light beams entering the first low-refractive layer 112 can more easily transmit through the insulating protective layer 114, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 in the direction of the electrophoretic layer 13, making more light beams transmit or reflect through the electrophoretic layer 13, and improving the clarity of the display content.

[0245] Meanwhile, the incident angle of the light beam incident on the electrophoretic layer 13 can be further reduced, so that the light beam is more vertically incident on the electrophoretic layer 13, thereby improving the exit angle of the light beam exiting to the human eye after being reflected or transmitted by the electrophoretic layer 13, reducing multiple reflections and scattering of the light beam in the electrophoretic layer 13, and further reducing light loss and improving the clarity and contrast of the display content.

[0246] The difference between the refractive index n4 of the insulating protective layer 114 and the refractive index n1 of the first low-refractive layer 112 is less than or equal to 0.5, which can make the material selection of the insulating protective layer 114 and the first low-refractive layer 112 more extensive and practical.

[0247] Optionally, the refractive index n4 of the insulating protective layer 114 satisfies 1.5 ≤ n3 ≤ 1.8, wherein the refractive index n4 of the insulating protective layer 114 is greater than or equal to 1.5, which is conducive to forming a larger refractive index difference between the insulating protective layer 114 and the first low-refractive layer 112, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the functional layer 110 towards the electrophoretic layer 13 and improving the clarity and contrast of the display content. Meanwhile, the refractive index n4 of the insulating protective layer 114 is less than or equal to 1.8, which can make the material selection of the insulating protective layer 114 more extensive and practical.

[0248] Optionally, the thickness of the insulating protective layer 114 is greater than or equal to 1 μm, so as to play a good insulation and protection role.

[0249] The thickness of the insulating protective layer 114 is less than or equal to 4 μm, so as to avoid a large impact of the second low-refractive layer 113 on the overall thickness of the display module.

[0250] Optionally, the material of the insulating protective layer 114 includes transparent resin (Overcoat, OC) or other organic material, so as to achieve a light transmittance of 90% or above while playing a good insulation and protection role, but is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the first low-refractive layer 112 can also include inorganic material, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0251] FIG. 29 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of another display module according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIGS. 27-29, the display module according to an embodiment of the present application can further include a second low-refractive layer 113, a second adhesive layer 35, and a cover plate 18. In a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, the second low-refractive layer 113 is located on a side of the functional layer 110 away from the electrophoretic layer 13, and the second low-refractive layer 113 is in contact with the first surface 110A. The refractive index of the second low-refractive layer 113 is n2, wherein n2 < n0. In a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, the cover plate 18 is located on a side of the second adhesive layer 35 away from the electrophoretic layer 13.

[0252] The second adhesive layer 35 is located on the side of the second low-refractive layer 113 away from the functional layer 110, and the cover plate 18 is attached to the second low-refractive layer 113 through the second adhesive layer 35.

[0253] Alternatively,

[0254] The second adhesive layer 35 and the second low-refractive layer 113 are the same film layer, and the cover plate 18 is attached to the functional layer 110 through the second low-refractive layer 113.

[0255] The second low-refractive layer 113 can be arranged in any of the above embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0256] As shown in FIG. 29, in this embodiment, the second adhesive layer 35 can be arranged between the second low-refractive layer 113 and the cover plate 18, so that the cover plate 18 is attached to the second low-refractive layer 113 through the second adhesive layer 35. In this way, the second adhesive layer 35 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be made of different materials to provide adhesion and low refractive index, respectively, and the material selection of the second adhesive layer 35 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be more extensive.

[0257] The material of the second adhesive layer 35 can include optically clear adhesive (OCA) or pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) and other transparent materials, which can provide good adhesion and high light transmittance, thereby reducing the light loss of the second adhesive layer 35 to the light beam, and helping to improve the display brightness and contrast of the display module.

[0258] Optionally, the thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is greater than or equal to 100 nm, so as to have sufficient thickness to form a total reflection interface and ensure the transmission efficiency of the light beam inside the functional layer 110.

[0259] The thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to 2000 nm, so as to avoid affecting the overall thickness of the display module. In addition, the second low-refractive layer 113 can be formed on the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 by coating process, and the thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to 2000 nm, which can also reduce the process difficulty and manufacturing cost.

[0260] Continuing to refer to FIGS. 27 and 28, optionally, the second adhesive layer 35 and the second low-refractive layer 113 can be the same film layer, that is, the cover plate 18 is directly attached to the functional layer 110 through the second low-refractive layer 113, and at this time, the second low-refractive layer 113 provides adhesion and low refractive index, which can reduce the number of film layers and help to reduce the thickness of the display module.

[0261] The material of the second low-refractive layer 113 can include an optically clear adhesive (OCA) or a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) or the like transparent material, which can meet the requirements of low refractive index and high light transmittance while providing good adhesive performance.

[0262] Optionally, the thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is greater than or equal to 50 μm, so as to provide sufficient adhesive performance and facilitate to improve the reliability of the bonding between the cover plate 18 and the functional layer 110.

[0263] The thickness of the second low-refractive layer 113 is less than or equal to 250 μm, so as to avoid that the second low-refractive layer 113 has a great impact on the overall thickness of the display module.

[0264] With reference to FIGS. 23-27, optionally, the cofferdam structure 17 is arranged between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the display module further includes a touch structure 31, which includes a touch electrode 310. The cofferdam structure 17 and the touch electrode 310 at least partially overlap in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located.

[0265] The cofferdam structure 17 and the touch structure 31 can be arranged in any manner as described in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0266] As shown in FIGS. 23-27, taking the mutual-capacitance touch structure as an example, the touch electrode 310 in the touch structure 31 can include a plurality of first touch electrodes 311 and a plurality of second touch electrodes 312, the plurality of first touch electrodes 311 and the plurality of second touch electrodes 312 are arranged in a cross manner, and the first touch electrodes 311 and the second touch electrodes 312 are insulated from each other. The display module can generate touch information based on the capacitance change between the first touch electrodes 311 and the second touch electrodes 312, so as to realize the touch function, but is not limited thereto.

[0267] As shown in FIGS. 23-27, in this embodiment, the cofferdam structure 17 and the touch electrode 310 are arranged to at least partially overlap in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, which can reduce the overlapping area between the touch electrode 310 and the pixel P, so as to reduce the interference of the touch electrode 310 with the light beams emitted by the pixel P, and facilitate to improve the display effect.

[0268] The width of the touch electrode 310 can be less than or equal to the width of the cofferdam structure 17, so as to facilitate to increase the area of the cofferdam structure 17 covering the touch electrode 310 in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, thereby further reducing the overlapping area between the touch electrode 310 and the pixel P, reducing the interference of the touch electrode 310 with the light beams emitted by the pixel P, and improving the display effect.

[0269] With reference to FIGS. 23-27, the first surface 110A of the functional layer 110 is provided with a plurality of dot structures 19. The dam structure 17, the touch electrode 310 and the dot structure 19 overlap in the direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first substrate 11 lies.

[0270] The dot structure 19, the dam structure 17 and the touch structure 31 can be provided in any of the manners described above, and will not be described again here.

[0271] As shown in FIGS. 23-27, in this embodiment, the dam structure 17, the touch electrode 310 and the dot structure 19 overlap in the direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first substrate 11 lies, which can reduce the overlapping area between the touch electrode 310, the dot structure 19 and the pixel P, thereby reducing the interference of the touch electrode 310 and the dot structure 19 with the light beams emitted by the pixel P, and is conducive to improving the display effect.

[0272] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a display device. FIG. 30 is a structural schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 30, the display device 60 includes the display module 61 according to any of the embodiments of the present application. The same or corresponding structures and explanations of the terms in the above embodiments will not be described again here.

[0273] The display device 60 provided by the embodiments of the present application can be a mobile phone as shown in FIG. 30, or any electronic product with a display function, including but not limited to the following categories: e-book, television, notebook computer, desktop display, tablet computer, digital camera, smart bracelet, smart glasses, vehicle-mounted display, medical equipment, industrial control equipment, touch interaction terminal, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not make special limitations on this.

[0274] It should be understood that the above-mentioned various forms of flow can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present application can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions of the present application can be achieved, and the present application does not make any limitations here.

Claims

1. A display module, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged oppositely; an electrophoretic layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; the first substrate comprising a functional layer, the functional layer comprising a first surface and a second surface oppositely, and a first side surface between the first surface and the second surface, the first surface being on a side of the second surface away from the electrophoretic layer; a light source, the light source and the first side surface being arranged oppositely. 2.The display module of claim 1, wherein: the first substrate further comprises a first low-refractive layer; the first low-refractive layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the electrophoretic layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the first substrate is located, and the first low-refractive layer is in contact with the second surface; a refractive index of the functional layer is n 0, and a refractive index of the first low-refractive layer is n 1, wherein n 1 < n 0. 3.The display module of claim 2, wherein: 0.2 ≤ n 0 - n 1 ≤ 0.

5. 4.The display module of claim 2, wherein: a thickness of the first low-refractive layer is H 1, wherein 100 nm ≤ H 1 ≤ 2000 nm. 5.The display module of claim 1, wherein: the display module further comprises a second low-refractive layer; the second low-refractive layer is located on a side of the functional layer away from the electrophoretic layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the first substrate is located, and the second low-refractive layer is in contact with the first surface; The refractive index of the functional layer is n0, and the refractive index of the second low-refractive layer is n2, where n0 > n2. n 2 < n 0. 6.The display module of claim 5, wherein: 0.2 ≤ n 0 - n 2 ≤ 0.

5. 7.The display module of claim 5, wherein: the first substrate further comprises a first low-refractive layer; the first low-refractive layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the electrophoretic layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the first substrate is located, and the first low-refractive layer is in contact with the second surface; a refractive index of the functional layer is n 0, a refractive index of the first low-refractive layer is n 1, and n 1 < n 0, | n 2 - n 1 | ≤ 0.

1. 8.The display module of claim 5, wherein: the first substrate further comprises a first low-refractive layer; the first low-refractive layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the electrophoretic layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the first substrate is located, and the first low-refractive layer is in contact with the second surface; a refractive index of the functional layer is n 0, a refractive index of the first low-refractive layer is n 1, and n 1 < n 0, n 0 - n 2 ≥ n 0 - n 1. 9.The display module of claim 5, wherein: the first substrate further comprises a first low-refractive layer; the first low-refractive layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the electrophoretic layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the first substrate is located, and the first low-refractive layer is in contact with the second surface; a refractive index of the functional layer is n 0, a refractive index of the first low-refractive layer is n 1, and n 1 < n 0, n 0 - n 2 ≤ n 0 - n 1. 10.The display module of claim 8 or 9, wherein: |n1-n2|≤|n0-n1|; or, |n1-n2|≤|n0-n2|; or, |n1-n2|≤|n0-n1| and |n1-n2|≤|n0-n2|. 11.The display module of claim 5, wherein, the first substrate further comprises a first low-refractive layer; the first low-refractive layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the electrophoretic layer along a direction perpendicular to a plane where the first substrate is located, and the first low-refractive layer is in contact with the second surface; a thickness of the second low-refractive layer is greater than or equal to a thickness of the first low-refractive layer. 12.The display module of claim 2, wherein, the first substrate further comprises a common electrode layer, and the common electrode layer is located on a side of the functional layer close to the electrophoretic layer; a refractive index of the common electrode layer is n3, wherein n3>n1. 13.The display module of claim 12, wherein, 0.2≤n3-n1≤0.

5. 14.The display module of claim 1, wherein, the first surface of the functional layer is provided with a plurality of dot structures, and the dot structures comprise recess structures and / or protrusion structures. 15.The display module of claim 14, wherein, a cofferdam structure is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; the cofferdam structure and the dot structures at least partially overlap along a direction perpendicular to a plane where the first substrate is located. 16.The display module of claim 14, wherein, a cofferdam structure is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; a length of the dot structures along a first direction is D1, and a length of the cofferdam structure along the first direction is D2, wherein D1≤D2, and the first direction is parallel to a plane where the first substrate is located. 17.The display module of claim 14, wherein, a display area of the display module comprises a first display area and a second display area, and the first display area is located on a side of the second display area close to the light source; a density of the dot structures in the first display area is less than a density of the dot structures in the second display area. 18.The display module of claim 14, wherein, a display area of the display module comprises a first display area and a second display area, and the first display area is located on a side of the second display area close to the light source; a distance between two adjacent dot structures in a second direction in the first display area is D3; a distance between two adjacent dot structures in the second direction in the second display area is D4; wherein D3>D4, and the second direction is parallel to a plane where the first substrate is located. 19.The display module of claim 15, wherein, a plurality of the dot structures are arranged in a matrix; the cofferdam structure comprises a plurality of first barriers and a plurality of second barriers; a plurality of the first barriers extend along a third direction and are arranged along a fourth direction; a plurality of the second barriers extend along the fourth direction and are arranged along the third direction; the third direction and the fourth direction intersect. In the third direction, the distance between adjacent dot structures is Cx, the distance between adjacent second barriers is Ax, and the width of the second barrier is Bx; In the fourth direction, the distance between adjacent dot structures is Cy, the distance between adjacent first barriers is Ay, and the width of the first barrier is By; Cx≤(Ax+Bx) / N, Cy≤(Ay+By) / N, and N is a positive integer greater than 0.

20. The display module of claim 1, wherein The first substrate is located on the light-outgoing side of the display module.

21. The display module of claim 20, wherein The display module further comprises a touch structure; The touch structure is located on the side of the first substrate away from the electrophoretic layer.

22. The display module of claim 21, wherein The display module further comprises a second low-refractive layer and a first adhesive layer; In a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first substrate is located, the second low-refractive layer is located on the side of the functional layer away from the electrophoretic layer, and the second low-refractive layer is in contact with the first surface; The refractive index of the functional layer is n0, and the refractive index of the second low-refractive layer is n2, where n0> n2. n2 The first adhesive layer is located on the side of the second low-refractive layer away from the functional layer, and the touch structure is attached to the second low-refractive layer through the first adhesive layer; Alternatively, The first adhesive layer and the second low-refractive layer are the same film layer, and the touch structure is attached to the functional layer through the second low-refractive layer.

23. The display module of claim 20, wherein The first substrate further comprises a touch structure; The touch structure is located between the functional layer and the electrophoretic layer.

24. The display module of claim 23, wherein The first substrate further comprises an insulating protective layer; The insulating protective layer is located between the touch structure and the electrophoretic layer.

25. The display module of claim 24, wherein The first substrate further comprises a first low-refractive layer; In a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first substrate is located, the first low-refractive layer is located on the side of the functional layer close to the electrophoretic layer, and the first low-refractive layer is in contact with the second surface; The refractive index of the functional layer is n0, the refractive index of the first low-refractive layer is n1, and the refractive index of the insulating protective layer is n4, wherein n1 26. The display module of claim 23, wherein The display module further comprises a second low-refractive layer, a second adhesive layer, and a cover plate; In a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first substrate is located, the second low-refractive layer is located on the side of the functional layer away from the electrophoretic layer, and the second low-refractive layer is in contact with the first surface; The refractive index of the functional layer is n0, and the refractive index of the second low-refractive layer is n2, where n0> n2. n2 In a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first substrate is located, the cover plate is located on the side of the second adhesive layer away from the electrophoretic layer; The second adhesive layer is located on the side of the second low-refractive layer away from the functional layer, and the cover plate is attached to the second low-refractive layer through the second adhesive layer; Alternatively, The second adhesive layer and the second low-refractive layer are the same film layer, and the cover plate is attached to the functional layer through the second low-refractive layer. 27.The display module of claim 1, wherein, a coffer structure is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; the display module further comprises a touch structure, the touch structure comprising a touch electrode; the coffer structure and the touch electrode at least partially overlap in a direction perpendicular to a plane in which the first substrate lies. 28.The display module of claim 27, wherein, the first surface of the functional layer is provided with a plurality of mesh structures; the coffer structure, the touch electrode and the mesh structures have overlapping regions in a direction perpendicular to a plane in which the first substrate lies. 29.A display device comprising the display module of any one of claims 1-28.

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