Catalytic layer slurry and preparation method therefor, membrane electrode, and fuel cell

Abstract

A catalytic layer slurry, comprising a platinum on carbon catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, a hydrophobic modifier, an alcohol solvent, and deionized water, wherein the hydrophobic modifier is carbon powder having a hydrophobic coating.

Description

Catalyst layer slurry and preparation method thereof, membrane electrode, and fuel cell

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411350869.9, filed on September 26, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to fuel cells, and in particular to a catalyst layer slurry and preparation method thereof, a membrane electrode, and a fuel cell. BACKGROUND

[0004] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have the advantages of environmental friendliness, non-pollution, and high specific power. Various vehicle enterprises at home and abroad have carried out strategic layout of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and they are widely used in various vehicle models including passenger cars, commercial vehicles, forklifts, etc. At present, the bottleneck that limits the maximum power output of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is the water vapor transport problem under high current density, which is closely related to the characteristics of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, hydrogen is decomposed into electrons and protons under the action of the catalyst, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane into the cathode, and the electrons pass through the external circuit from the anode to the cathode. In the cathode, oxygen combines with protons and electrons from the cathode to generate water. According to Faraday's law, the amount of water generated is proportional to the current density of the cell, so as the current density increases, the amount of water generated in the cathode gradually increases. If the drainage performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is poor, it will inevitably lead to water flooding in the cathode, affecting the oxygen transport in the cathode, and causing the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to decline. In addition, with the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology, the thickness of the proton exchange membrane is gradually thinned (currently commercialized to 8 μm). Under high current density, the liquid water back-diffusion effect inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is enhanced, which will also cause water flooding in the anode catalyst layer. The anode usually has low loading and small thickness, and in the environment of water flooding and lack of gas, the anode is prone to reverse polarization, causing irreversible damage to the structure of the anode catalyst layer. Based on the drainage phenomenon of the anode, the current view believes that the thermodynamic reaction speed of the anode is very fast, about three orders of magnitude faster than that of the cathode. Therefore, even if the anode catalyst layer is water flooded, it will not affect the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. However, with the demand for higher power output of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and the further reduction of the thickness of the proton membrane, the drainage of the anode is a problem that cannot be ignored. The technical problem of water flooding risk in the anode catalyst layer of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell not only may cause the performance of the cell to decline, but also may cause local reverse polarization of the anode. SUMMARY

[0005] By utilizing one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a kind of catalytic layer slurry, membrane electrode, fuel cell are provided, the technical problem that anode catalytic layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell exists waterlogging risk is solved.

[0006] In a first aspect, the catalytic layer slurry provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes platinum carbon catalyst, perfluorosulfonic acid resin, hydrophobic modifier, alcohol solvent and deionized water, wherein the hydrophobic modifier is carbon powder with a hydrophobic coating layer.

[0007] In a second aspect, the preparation method of the catalytic layer slurry of any of the first aspect embodiments provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes the following steps: providing a hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid, the hydrophobic agent includes at least one of fluorine-containing polymer and hydrophobic silica gel; adding carbon powder to the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid, so that the carbon powder is mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid; the carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid is subjected to heat treatment and drying treatment to obtain a hydrophobic modifier; and platinum carbon catalyst, perfluorosulfonic acid resin, hydrophobic modifier, alcohol solvent and deionized water are mixed to obtain a catalytic layer slurry.

[0008] In a third aspect, the membrane electrode provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes an anode catalytic layer, which is prepared from the catalytic layer slurry of any of the first aspect embodiments or the catalytic layer slurry prepared by the method of any of the second aspect embodiments.

[0009] In a fourth aspect, the fuel cell provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes the membrane electrode of any of the third aspect embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the related art, the accompanying drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or related art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0012] FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a preparation method of a catalytic layer slurry according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 2 shows a polarization curve diagram of the embodiments of the present disclosure and the comparative examples. Embodiments of the present application

[0014] To make the objects, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the following will be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some but not all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0015] Unless otherwise specifically defined, the terms used herein are understood as having the meanings commonly used in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification takes precedence.

[0016] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in the present disclosure can be purchased on the market or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0017] The anode catalytic layer of the existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the technical problem of water flooding risk. The water flooding phenomenon of the anode catalytic layer not only can cause the performance of the cell to decrease, but also can cause the local reverse polarity phenomenon of the anode.

[0018] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure to solve the above technical problems are as follows.

[0019] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a catalytic layer slurry, comprising a platinum-carbon catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, a hydrophobic modifier, an alcohol solvent, and deionized water, wherein the hydrophobic modifier is a carbon powder with a hydrophobic coating layer.

[0020] The catalytic layer slurry of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure can be used to prepare an anode catalytic layer in a membrane electrode, and the membrane electrode can be used in a fuel cell, especially in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0021] The catalytic layer slurry of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure comprises a hydrophobic modifier, which is a carbon powder with a hydrophobic coating layer. The anode catalytic layer formed by the catalytic layer slurry has the carbon powder with a hydrophobic coating layer, which can construct gas and liquid water channels in the anode catalytic layer to improve the drainage performance of the anode catalytic layer, thereby preventing the water flooding phenomenon and the water flooding gas deficiency phenomenon of the anode catalytic layer, and further avoiding the performance decrease of the cell and the occurrence of the local reverse polarity phenomenon of the anode.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the mass fraction of the platinum carbon catalyst is 0.9 parts to 1.1 parts, the mass fraction of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin is 0.1 parts to 5.0 parts, the mass fraction of the hydrophobic modifier is 0.1 parts to 2.0 parts, the mass fraction of the alcohol solvent is 0.1 parts to 10.0 parts, and the mass fraction of the deionized water is 1 part to 20 parts.

[0023] It is easy to understand that, in the catalytic layer slurry, the hydrophobic modifier is selected in the above amount, which can not only keep the platinum carbon catalyst and the hydrophobic modifier in a good dispersion state, but also fully increase the gas and liquid water transmission capacity of the anode catalytic layer formed by the catalytic layer slurry.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the material of the hydrophobic coating layer includes at least one of a fluorine-containing polymer and a hydrophobic silica gel; and / or, the carbon powder includes at least one of solid carbon, porous carbon, graphite, conductive carbon black, and carbon nanotubes.

[0025] It is easy to understand that the fluorine-containing polymer and the hydrophobic silica gel are both easy to be coated on the carbon powder in a simple and easy-to-implement manner.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fluorine-containing polymer includes at least one of polyvinyl fluoride, perfluoropolyether, and perfluoroalkoxy resin.

[0027] It is easy to understand that the polyvinyl fluoride, the perfluoropolyether, and the perfluoroalkoxy resin all have good hydrophobic effects.

[0028] In the second aspect, the present disclosure provides a preparation method of the catalytic layer slurry of any of the embodiments of the first aspect. FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a preparation method of a catalytic layer slurry according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the preparation method of the catalytic layer slurry provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes the following steps:

[0029] S1: providing a hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid, the hydrophobic agent including at least one of a fluorine-containing polymer and a hydrophobic silica gel;

[0030] S2: adding carbon powder to the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid to mix the carbon powder with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid;

[0031] S3: performing heat treatment and drying treatment on the carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid to obtain a hydrophobic modifier; and,

[0032] S4: mixing a platinum carbon catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the hydrophobic modifier, an alcohol solvent, and deionized water to obtain a catalytic layer slurry.

[0033] In the method of the above embodiments of the present disclosure, the purpose of the heat treatment of the carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion is to solidify the hydrophobic agent on the surface of the carbon powder, thereby forming carbon powder with a hydrophobic coating layer as a hydrophobic modifier. And the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic agent can be further enhanced.

[0034] In the method of the above embodiments of the present disclosure, the purpose of the drying treatment after the heat treatment of the carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion is to remove the solvent in the hydrophobic agent dispersion to obtain a dry hydrophobic modifier, thereby facilitating the ratio and mixing of the hydrophobic modifier with the platinum-carbon catalyst, perfluorosulfonic acid resin, alcohol solvent and deionized water.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the mass ratio of the hydrophobic agent in the hydrophobic agent dispersion to the carbon powder can be 1: (2-20).

[0036] For example, the mass ratio of the hydrophobic agent in the hydrophobic agent dispersion to the carbon powder can be 1:2, 1:6, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the hydrophobic agent is hydrophobic silica gel, and the temperature of the heat treatment can be 50-100°C.

[0038] When the hydrophobic agent is hydrophobic silica gel, and the temperature of the heat treatment is 50-100°C, the beneficial effect is to improve the dispersibility of the hydrophobic silica gel, so that the hydrophobic silica gel can be coated on the carbon powder to form a hydrophobic coating layer on the carbon powder, and the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic coating layer formed by the hydrophobic silica gel can be improved.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the hydrophobic agent is a fluorine-containing polymer, and the temperature of the heat treatment can be 350-400°C.

[0040] When the hydrophobic agent is a fluorine-containing polymer, and the temperature of the heat treatment is 350-400°C, the beneficial effect is to facilitate the thermal melting and side chain thermal decomposition of the fluorine-containing polymer, improve the dispersibility of the fluorine-containing polymer, so that the fluorine-containing polymer can be coated on the carbon powder to form a hydrophobic coating layer on the carbon powder, and the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic coating layer formed by the fluorine-containing polymer can be increased.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the hydrophobic agent includes hydrophobic silica gel and a fluorine-containing polymer, and the heat treatment includes first heat treatment and second heat treatment performed in sequence, wherein the temperature of the first heat treatment can be 50-100°C, and the temperature of the second heat treatment can be 350-400°C.

[0042] When the hydrophobic agent comprises both the hydrophobic silica gel and the fluorine-containing polymer, the beneficial effects of the heat treatment comprising the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment are that firstly, the first heat treatment is performed on the hydrophobic silica gel, which improves the dispersibility of the hydrophobic silica gel and enables the hydrophobic silica gel to coat on the carbon powder, and also improves the dispersibility of the subsequent catalytic layer slurry; and then the second heat treatment is performed on the fluorine-containing polymer, which enables the fluorine-containing polymer to uniformly disperse, so that the fluorine-containing polymer can coat on the carbon powder to form a hydrophobic coating layer on the carbon powder, and increases the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic coating layer formed by the fluorine-containing polymer. In a third aspect, the disclosure provides a membrane electrode, which comprises an anode catalytic layer prepared from the catalytic layer slurry of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, or prepared from the catalytic layer slurry prepared by the method of any one of the embodiments of the second aspect.

[0043] The membrane electrode is realized based on the catalytic layer slurry of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect or the catalytic layer slurry prepared by the method of any one of the embodiments of the second aspect, and thus the specific implementation of the membrane electrode can refer to the above-mentioned embodiments and the common knowledge in the art. Since the membrane electrode adopts part or all of the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0044] In a fourth aspect, the disclosure provides a fuel cell, which comprises the membrane electrode of any one of the embodiments of the third aspect.

[0045] The fuel cell is realized based on the catalytic layer slurry of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect or the catalytic layer slurry prepared by the method of any one of the embodiments of the second aspect, and thus the specific implementation of the fuel cell can refer to the above-mentioned embodiments and the common knowledge in the art. Since the fuel cell adopts part or all of the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0046] The disclosure will be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the disclosure and not to limit the scope of the disclosure. The experimental methods not specified in the following examples are generally determined according to the industry standards. If there is no corresponding industry standard, it is determined according to the general international standards, conventional conditions, or according to the conditions suggested by the manufacturer.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] The present embodiment provides a catalytic layer slurry and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps:

[0049] A hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid is provided, and the hydrophobic agent comprises at least one of a fluorine-containing polymer and a hydrophobic silica gel;

[0050] adding carbon powder to the hydrophobic agent dispersion, and mixing the carbon powder and the hydrophobic agent dispersion;

[0051] performing heat treatment and drying treatment on the carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion to obtain a hydrophobic modifier;

[0052] mixing platinum carbon catalyst, perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the hydrophobic modifier, an alcohol solvent, and deionized water to obtain a catalytic layer slurry.

[0053] The mass ratio of the hydrophobic agent in the hydrophobic agent dispersion to the carbon powder is 1:10. The catalytic layer slurry includes 0.9 parts of platinum carbon catalyst, 0.1 parts of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, 0.1 parts of the hydrophobic modifier, 0.1 parts of the alcohol solvent, and 10 parts of deionized water in terms of mass fraction. The carbon powder is carbon black. The hydrophobic agent is hydrophobic silica gel, the temperature of the heat treatment is 50°C, and the time of the heat treatment is 3 hours.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The present embodiment provides a catalytic layer slurry and a preparation method thereof, including the following steps:

[0056] providing a hydrophobic agent dispersion, the hydrophobic agent including at least one of a fluorine-containing polymer and hydrophobic silica gel;

[0057] adding carbon powder to the hydrophobic agent dispersion, and mixing the carbon powder and the hydrophobic agent dispersion;

[0058] performing heat treatment and drying treatment on the carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion to obtain a hydrophobic modifier;

[0059] mixing platinum carbon catalyst, perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the hydrophobic modifier, an alcohol solvent, and deionized water to obtain a catalytic layer slurry.

[0060] The mass ratio of the hydrophobic agent in the hydrophobic agent dispersion to the carbon powder is 1:10.

[0061] The catalytic layer slurry includes 1.1 parts of platinum carbon catalyst, 5 parts of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, 2 parts of the hydrophobic modifier, 10 parts of the alcohol solvent, and 5 parts of deionized water in terms of mass fraction.

[0062] The carbon powder is carbon nanotube.

[0063] The hydrophobic agent is polyvinylidene fluoride, the temperature of the heat treatment is 350°C, and the time of the heat treatment is 2 hours.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] The present embodiment provides a catalytic layer slurry and a preparation method thereof, including the following steps:

[0066] The hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid is provided, and the hydrophobic agent includes at least one of a fluorine-containing polymer and a hydrophobic silica gel;

[0067] The carbon powder is added into the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid, and the carbon powder is mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid fully;

[0068] The carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid is subjected to heat treatment and drying treatment, so as to obtain a hydrophobic modifier;

[0069] The platinum-carbon catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the hydrophobic modifier, the alcohol solvent and the deionized water are mixed fully, so as to obtain a catalyst layer slurry.

[0070] The mass ratio of the hydrophobic agent in the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid to the carbon powder is 1:10. In terms of mass fraction, the catalyst layer slurry includes 1 part of platinum-carbon catalyst, 3 parts of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, 0.8 part of hydrophobic modifier, 10 parts of alcohol solvent and 1 part of deionized water.

[0071] The carbon powder is graphite powder.

[0072] The fluorine-containing polymer includes at least one of polyvinyl fluoride, perfluoropolyether and perfluoroalkoxy resin.

[0073] The hydrophobic agent is composed of the hydrophobic silica gel and polytetrafluoroethylene with a mass ratio of 1:1, the polytetrafluoroethylene is a typical polyvinyl fluoride, the heat treatment includes first heat treatment and second heat treatment which are implemented in sequence, the temperature of the first heat treatment is 100°C, the time of the first heat treatment is 2 h, the temperature of the second heat treatment is 400°C, and the time of the second heat treatment is 1 h.

[0074] Embodiment 4

[0075] The embodiment provides a catalyst layer slurry and a preparation method thereof, and the method includes the following steps:

[0076] The hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid is provided, and the hydrophobic agent is a fluorine-containing polymer;

[0077] The carbon powder is added into the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid, and the carbon powder is mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid fully;

[0078] The carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid is subjected to heat treatment and drying treatment, so as to obtain a hydrophobic modifier;

[0079] The platinum-carbon catalyst, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the hydrophobic modifier, the alcohol solvent and the deionized water are mixed fully, so as to obtain a catalyst layer slurry.

[0080] The mass ratio of the hydrophobic agent in the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid to the carbon powder is 1:10. In terms of mass fraction, the catalyst layer slurry includes 1 part of platinum-carbon catalyst, 0.4 part of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, 0.4 part of hydrophobic modifier, 10 parts of alcohol solvent and 6 parts of deionized water.

[0081] The carbon powder is a solid carbon powder.

[0082] The fluorine-containing polymer includes polyvinyl fluoride.

[0083] The hydrophobic agent is polyvinyl fluoride, the temperature of the heat treatment is 350°C, and the time of the heat treatment is 2 hours.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] The comparative example provides a catalytic layer slurry, which includes 0.9 parts of platinum carbon catalyst, 0.1 parts of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, 0.1 parts of alcohol solvent, and 10 parts of deionized water in terms of mass fraction.

[0086] Comparative Example 2

[0087] The comparative example provides a catalytic layer slurry, which includes 1 part of platinum carbon catalyst, 0.4 parts of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, 0.25 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, 10 parts of alcohol solvent, and 6 parts of deionized water in terms of mass fraction.

[0088] Related experiments and effect data:

[0089] The carbon paper is used as the gas diffusion layer, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin is used as the proton exchange membrane, the catalytic layer slurry provided in Example 1 is used to prepare the anode catalytic layer, and the catalytic layer slurry provided in the comparative example is used to prepare the cathode catalytic layer, thereby obtaining a membrane electrode.

[0090] Referring to the above method, the catalytic layer slurries provided in Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 are used to replace the catalytic layer slurry provided in Example 1, thereby preparing membrane electrodes. That is, a total of six kinds of membrane electrodes corresponding to Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are obtained, and the anode catalytic layers of the membrane electrodes are prepared by the catalytic layer slurries of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2, respectively. The fuel cell composed of the above membrane electrodes is subjected to single cell polarization curve performance test according to the national standard GB / T 20042.5-2009, and a polarization curve graph is obtained.

[0091] As shown in Figure 2, according to the polarization curve, it is found that the voltage of the membrane electrode of Comparative Example 1-2 and Example 1-4 in the low current density area is the same because the catalyst used in the membrane electrode of Comparative Example 1-2 and Example 1-4 is the same. As the current density increases, the concentration polarization of the battery becomes more and more obvious, and the main factor determining this part of the concentration polarization is the drainage performance inside the battery, therefore, in the high current density area, the higher the performance of the battery, the higher the drainage efficiency inside the anode catalytic layer of the membrane electrode, and the better the waterlogging resistance. The addition of hydrophobic silica gel in the catalytic layer slurry in Example 1 greatly improves the voltage of the battery in the high current density area, which shows that the addition of hydrophobic silica gel as a hydrophobic agent indeed improves the drainage efficiency inside the anode catalytic layer, reduces the mass transfer polarization, and improves the performance of the battery; similarly, the addition of fluorine-containing polymer after high-temperature treatment has basically the same effect; and the simultaneous addition of hydrophobic silica gel and fluorine-containing polymer and the multi-stage heat treatment process make the hydrophobic properties inside the anode catalytic layer more significantly improved, thereby obtaining an anode catalytic layer with strong waterlogging resistance. In addition, in Comparative Example 2, PTFE emulsion is directly added to the catalytic layer, on the one hand, because the PTFE emulsion is in a colloidal state, the dispersibility is poor; on the other hand, the hydrophobicity of PTFE in the particle state is low, and only after high-temperature sintering treatment does it have strong hydrophobicity, therefore, the polarization curve of Comparative Example 2 is significantly lower than that of Example 4 in the high current density area.

[0092] The catalytic layer slurry provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure has the following advantages compared with related art:

[0093] The catalytic layer slurry provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes a hydrophobic modifier, and the hydrophobic modifier is carbon powder with a hydrophobic coating layer. The anode catalytic layer formed by the catalytic layer slurry can use the carbon powder with the hydrophobic coating layer to construct gas and liquid water channels in the anode catalytic layer, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of waterlogging. Various embodiments of the present disclosure can exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is only for the convenience and brevity, and should not be understood as a hard limit on the scope of the present disclosure; therefore, it should be considered that the described range has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single values within the range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated in this document, it refers to any cited number (fraction or integer) within the indicated range.

[0094] In the present disclosure, the orientation words such as "upper" and "lower" are specifically the directions of the drawing surface in the drawings unless otherwise stated. In addition, in the description of the present disclosure, the terms "comprise", "contain" and the like mean "including but not limited to". Moreover, the terms "comprise", "contain" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the elements defined by the statement "comprise" do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements. In this paper, the relationship terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. In this paper, the "and / or" describes the relationship between the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can represent the following cases: A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. For the relationship between more than three associated objects described by "and / or", it means that any one of the three associated objects can exist alone, or any at least two of them exist together, for example, for A, and / or B, and / or C, it means that any one of A, B and C exists alone, or any two of them exist together, or all three of them exist together. In this paper, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "At least one", "at least one of the following" or similar expressions mean any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b, and c", can mean a, b, c, a-b (i.e. a and b), a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0095] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present disclosure. Various modifications of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied herein.

Claims

1. A catalyst layer slurry, comprising a platinum carbon catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, a hydrophobic modifier, an alcohol solvent, and deionized water, wherein the hydrophobic modifier is a carbon powder having a hydrophobic coating layer. wherein The hydrophobic coating layer is made of at least one of a fluorine-containing polymer and a hydrophobic silica gel; and / or, 2. The catalytic layer slurry of claim 1, wherein, The carbon powder comprises at least one of solid carbon, porous carbon, graphite, conductive carbon black, and carbon nanotubes.

3. The catalytic layer slurry according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The fluorine-containing polymer comprises at least one of polyvinyl fluoride, perfluoropolyether, and perfluoroalkoxy resin. 5.A method for preparing the catalyst layer slurry according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:

4. The catalytic layer slurry of claim 3, wherein, providing a hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid, wherein the hydrophobic agent comprises at least one of a fluorine-containing polymer and a hydrophobic silica gel; adding carbon powder to the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid, so that the carbon powder is mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid; subjecting the carbon powder mixed with the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid to heat treatment and drying treatment to obtain a hydrophobic modifier; and mixing a platinum carbon catalyst, a perfluorosulfonic acid resin, the hydrophobic modifier, an alcohol solvent, and deionized water to obtain a catalyst layer slurry. The mass ratio of the hydrophobic agent in the hydrophobic agent dispersion liquid to the carbon powder is 1: (2-20). When the hydrophobic agent is a hydrophobic silica gel, the temperature of the heat treatment is 50-100℃; or when the hydrophobic agent is a fluorine-containing polymer, the temperature of the heat treatment is 350-400℃.

6. The method of preparing a catalytic layer slurry according to claim 5, wherein When the hydrophobic agent comprises a hydrophobic silica gel and a fluorine-containing polymer, the heat treatment comprises first heat treatment and second heat treatment performed in sequence, wherein the temperature of the first heat treatment is 50-100℃, and the temperature of the second heat treatment is 350-400℃.

7. The method for producing a catalytic layer slurry according to claim 5 or 6, wherein 9.A membrane electrode, comprising an anode catalyst layer prepared from the catalyst layer slurry according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or prepared from the catalyst layer slurry prepared by the method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

8. The method for producing a catalytic layer slurry according to claim 5 or 6, wherein 10.A fuel cell, comprising the membrane electrode according to claim 9. ​ ​

Images