User information response reporting enhancement for data collection

Abstract

An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmit, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements.

Description

User Information Response Reporting Enhancement For Data CollectionTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The examples and non-limiting example embodiments relate generally to communications and, more particularly, to user information response reporting enhancement for data collection.BACKGROUND

[0002] A communication device may gain access to a communication network through an access network node.SUMMARY

[0003] In accordance with an aspect, an apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmit, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0004] In accordance with an aspect, an apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receive, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0005] In accordance with an aspect, an apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a core network, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and receive, from a radio access network node, a trace records reporting message comprising the layer 1 measurements ofsynchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams.

[0006] In accordance with an aspect, an apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from an operations and management entity, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and transmit, to a radio access network node, a trace activation message based on the indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting received from the operations and management entity.

[0007] In accordance with an aspect, an apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management received from the network entity comprises a request for a failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmit, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0008] In accordance with an aspect, an apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management transmitted to the user equipment comprises a request for failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receive, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises an indication of the failure status.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The foregoing aspects and other features are explained in the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting system in which the example embodiments may be practiced.

[0011] FIG. 2 shows an MDT measurement configuration for logged MDT.

[0012] FIG. 3 shows an example UElnformationResponse message.

[0013] FIG. 4 shows an example UElnformationRequest message.

[0014] FIG. 5A shows a first portion of another example UElnformationResponse message, showing changes to another UElnformationResponse message.

[0015] FIG. 5B shows a second portion of the another example UElnformationResponse message, showing changes to another UElnformationResponse message.

[0016] FIG. 5C shows a third portion of the another example UElnformationResponse message, showing changes to another UElnformationResponse message.

[0017] FIG. 6 shows another example UElnformationRequest message, showing changes to another UElnformationRequest message.

[0018] FIG. 7 shows an example signaling diagram, based on the example embodiments described herein.

[0019] FIG. 8 is an example apparatus configured to implement the examples described herein.

[0020] FIG. 9 shows a representation of an example of non-volatile memory media used to store instructions that implement the examples described herein.

[0021] FIG. 10 is an example method, based on the examples described herein.

[0022] FIG. 11 is an example method, based on the examples described herein.

[0023] FIG. 12 is an example method, based on the examples described herein.

[0024] FIG. 13 is an example method, based on the examples described herein.

[0025] FIG. 14 is an example method, based on the examples described herein.

[0026] FIG. 15 is an example method, based on the examples described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Turning to FIG. 1 , this figure shows a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example in which the examples may be practiced. A user equipment (UE) 110, radio access network (RAN) node 170, and network element(s) 190 are illustrated. In the example of FIG. 1, the user equipment (UE) 110 is in wireless communication with a wireless network 100. A UE is a wireless device that can access the wireless network 100. The UE 110 includes one or more processors 120, one or more memories 125, and one or more transceivers 130 interconnected through one or more buses 127. Each of the one or more transceivers 130 includes a receiver, Rx, 132 and a transmitter, Tx, 133. The one or more buses 127 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, and the like. The one or more transceivers 130 are connected to one or more antennas 128. The one or more memories 125 include computer program code 123. The UE 110 includes a module 140, comprising one of or both parts 140-1 and / or 140-2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The module 140 may be implemented in hardware as module 140-1 , such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 120. The module 140-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the module 140 may be implemented as module 140-2, which is implemented as computer program code 123 and is executed by the one or more processors 120. For instance, the one or more memories 125 and the computer program code 123 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 120, cause the user equipment 110 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. The UE 110 communicates with RAN node 170 via a wireless link 111.

[0028] The RAN node 170 in this example is a base station that provides access for wireless devices such as the UE 110 to the wireless network 100. The RAN node 170 may be, for example, a base station for 5G, also called New Radio (NR). In 5G, the RAN node 170 may be a NG-RAN node, which is defined as either a gNB or an ng-eNB. A gNB is a node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface (such as connection 131) to a 5GC (such as, for example, the network element(s) 190). The ng-eNB is a node providing E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface (such as connection 131) to the 5GC. The NG-RAN node may include multiple gNBs, which may also include a central unit (CU) (gNB-CU) 196 and distributed unit(s) (DUs) (gNB-DUs), of which DU 195 is shown. Note that the DU 195 may include or be coupled to and control a radio unit (RU). The gNB-CU 196 is a logical node hosting radio resource control (RRC), SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that control the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU 196 terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU 195. The F1 interface is illustrated as reference 198, although reference 198 also illustrates a link between remote elements of the RAN node 170 and centralized elements of the RAN node 170, such as between the gNB-CU 196 and the gNB- DU 195. The gNB-DU 195 is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU 196. One gNB-CU 196 supports one or multiple cells. One cell may be supported with one gNB-DU 195, or one cell may be supported / shared with multiple DUs under RAN sharing. The gNB-DU 195 terminates the F1 interface 198 connected with the gNB- CU 196. Note that the DU 195 is considered to include the transceiver 160, e.g., as part of a RU, but some examples of this may have the transceiver 160 as part of a separate RU, e.g., under control of and connected to the DU 195. The RAN node 170 may also be an eNB (evolved NodeB) base station, for LTE (long term evolution), or any other suitable base station or node.

[0029] The RAN node 170 includes one or more processors 152, one or more memories 155, one or more network interfaces (N / W l / F(s)) 161 , and one or more transceivers 160 interconnected through one or more buses 157. Each of the one or more transceivers 160 includes a receiver, Rx, 162 and a transmitter, Tx, 163. The one or more transceivers 160 are connected to one or more antennas 158. The one or more memories 155 include computer program code 153. The CU 196 may include the processor(s) 152, one or more memories 155, and network interfaces 161. Note that the DU 195 may also contain its own memory / memories and processor(s), and / or other hardware, but these are not shown.

[0030] The RAN node 170 includes a module 150, comprising one of or both parts 150-1 and / or 150- 2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The module 150 may be implemented in hardware as module 150-1 , such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 152. The module 150-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the module 150 may be implemented as module 150- 2, which is implemented as computer program code 153 and is executed by the one or more processors 152. For instance, the one or more memories 155 and the computer program code 153 are configured to, with the one or more processors 152, cause the RAN node 170 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. Note that the functionality of the module 150 may be distributed, such as being distributed between the DU 195 and the CU 196, or be implemented solely in the DU 195.

[0031] The one or more network interfaces 161 communicate over a network such as via the links 176 and 131. Two or more gNBs 170 may communicate using, e.g., link 176. The link 176 may be wired or wireless or both and may implement, for example, an Xn interface for 5G, an X2 interface forLTE, or other suitable interface for other standards.

[0032] The one or more buses 157 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, wireless channels, and the like. For example, the one or more transceivers 160 may be implemented as a remote radio head (RRH) 195 for LTE or a distributed unit (DU) 195 for gNB implementation for 5G, with the other elements of the RAN node 170 possibly being physically in a different location from the RRH / DU 195, and the one or more buses 157 could be implemented in part as, for example, fiber optic cable or other suitable network connection to connect the other elements (e.g., a central unit (CU), gNB-CU 196) of the RAN node 170 to the RRH / DU 195. Reference 198 also indicates those suitable network link(s).

[0033] A RAN node / gNB can comprise one or more TRPs to which the methods described herein may be applied. FIG. 1 shows that the RAN node 170 comprises TRP 51 and TRP 52, in addition to the TRP represented by transceiver 160. Similar to transceiver 160, TRP 51 and TRP 52 may each include a transmitter and a receiver. The RAN node 170 may host or comprise other TRPs not shown in FIG. 1.

[0034] A relay node in NR is called an integrated access and backhaul node. A mobile termination part of the IAB node facilitates the backhaul (parent link) connection. In other words, the mobile termination part comprises the functionality which carries UE functionalities. The distributed unit part of the IAB node facilitates the so called access link (child link) connections (i.e. for access link UEs, and backhaul for other IAB nodes, in the case of multi-hop IAB). In other words, the distributed unit part is responsible for certain base station functionalities. The IAB scenario may follow the so called split architecture, where the central unit hosts the higher layer protocols to the UE and terminates the control plane and user plane interfaces to the 5G core network.

[0035] It is noted that the description herein indicates that “cells” perform functions, but it should be clear that equipment which forms the cell may perform the functions. The cell makes up part of a base station. That is, there can be multiple cells per base station. For example, there could be three cells for a single carrier frequency and associated bandwidth, each cell covering one-third of a 360 degree area so that the single base station’s coverage area covers an approximate oval or circle. Furthermore, each cell can correspond to a single carrier and a base station may use multiple carriers. So if there are three 120 degree cells per carrier and two carriers, then the base station has a total of 6 cells.

[0036] The wireless network 100 may include a network element or elements 190 that may includecore network functionality, and which provides connectivity via a link or links 181 with a further network, such as a telephone network and / or a data communications network (e.g., the Internet). Such core network functionality for 5G may include location management functions (LMF(s)) and / or access and mobility management function(s) (AMF(S)) and / or user plane functions (UPF(s)) and / or session management function(s) (SMF(s)). Such core network functionality for LTE may include MME (mobility management entity) / SGW (serving gateway) functionality. Such core network functionality may include SON (self-organizing / optimizing network) functionality. These are merely example functions that may be supported by the network element(s) 190, and note that both 5G and LTE functions might be supported. The RAN node 170 is coupled via a link 131 to the network element 190. The link 131 may be implemented as, e.g., an NG interface for 5G, or an S1 interface for LTE, or other suitable interface for other standards. The network element 190 includes one or more processors 175, one or more memories 171 , and one or more network interfaces (N / W l / F(s)) 180, interconnected through one or more buses 185. The one or more memories 171 include computer program code 173. Computer program code 173 may include SON and / or MRO functionality 172.

[0037] The wireless network 100 may implement network virtualization, which is the process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single, softwarebased administrative entity, or a virtual network. Network virtualization involves platform virtualization, often combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization is categorized as either external, combining many networks, or parts of networks, into a virtual unit, or internal, providing network-like functionality to software containers on a single system. Note that the virtualized entities that result from the network virtualization are still implemented, at some level, using hardware such as processors 152 or 175 and memories 155 and 171 , and also such virtualized entities create technical effects.

[0038] The computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, non-transitory memory, transitory memory, fixed memory and removable memory. The computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be means for performing storage functions. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be means for performing functions, such as controlling the UE 110, RAN node 170, network element(s) 190, and other functions as described herein.

[0039] In general, the various example embodiments of the user equipment 110 can include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones such as smart phones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs) having wireless communication capabilities, portable computers having wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback devices having wireless communication capabilities, internet appliances including those permitting wireless internet access and browsing, tablets with wireless communication capabilities, head mounted displays such as those that implement virtual / augmented / mixed reality, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions. The UE 110 can also be a vehicle such as a car, or a UE mounted in a vehicle, a UAV such as e.g. a drone, or a UE mounted in a UAV. The user equipment 110 may be a terminal device, such as mobile phone, mobile device, sensor device etc., the terminal device being a device used by the user or not used by the user.

[0040] UE 110, RAN node 170, and / or network element(s) 190, (and associated memories, computer program code and modules) may be configured to implement (e.g. in part) the methods described herein. Thus, computer program code 123, module 140-1 , module 140-2, and other elements / features shown in FIG. 1 of UE 110 may implement user equipment related aspects of the examples described herein. Similarly, computer program code 153, module 150-1, module 150-2, and other elements / features shown in FIG. 1 of RAN node 170 may implement gNB / TRP related aspects of the examples described herein. Computer program code 173 and other elements / features shown in FIG. 1 of network element(s) 190 may be configured to implement network element related aspects of the examples described herein.

[0041] Having thus introduced a suitable but non-limiting technical context for the practice of the example embodiments, the example embodiments are now described with greater specificity.

[0042] Rel-19 AI / ML-based beam Management

[0043] AI / ML based beam management is agreed to be the topic in Rel-19 work item. Both spatial domain beam prediction (BM-Case1) and time domain beam prediction (BM-Case2) The scope of spatial beam prediction (BM-Case1) is to predict the best Tx / Rx beams in different spatial locations. Time-domain beam predictions (BM-Case2) aim to predict the most likely beam to use for next time instants, e.g., beam prediction in the spatial domain (BM-Case1).

[0044] RAN #102 meeting approved the Rel-19 Wl on AI / ML for NR Air Interface [RP-234039], based on the AI / ML techniques to NR air interface has been studied in FS_NR_AIML_Air |TR 38.843]. Described herein are enhancements related to AI / ML for beam management, and the related toobjectives include providing support for (1-2) while attempting for a common framework and design to support both BM-Case1 and BM-Case2:

[0045] 1) AI / ML general framework for one-sided AI / ML models within the realm of what has been studied in the FS_NR_AIML_Air project [RAN2]: i) signaling and protocol aspects of Life Cycle Management (LCM) enabling functionality and model (if justified) selection, activation, deactivation, switching, fallback (identification related signaling is part of the above objective), ii) necessary signaling / mechanism(s) for LCM to facilitate model training, inference, performance monitoring, data collection (except for the purpose of CN / OAM / OTT collection of UE-sided model training data) for both UE-sided and NW-sided models, iii) signaling mechanism of applicable functionalities / models

[0046] 2) Beam management - DL Tx beam prediction for both UE-sided model and NW-sided model, encompassing [RAN1 / RAN2]: i) Spatial-domain DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on measurement results of Set B of beams (“BM-Case1”), ii) Temporal DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams (“BM-Case2”), iii) specify necessary signaling / mechanism(s) to facilitate LCM operations specific to the Beam Management use cases, if any, iv) Enabling method(s) to ensure consistency between training and inference regarding NW-side additional conditions (if identified) for inference at UE

[0047] Wl scope for beam management with AI / ML

[0048] Rel-19 study on Artificial Intelligence (AI)ZMachine Learning (ML) for NR Air Interface, agreed in RAN1 (RP-213599) includes a use case for AI / ML enhancements related to beam management, two sub-use cases have been identified in RAN1 : beam prediction in the spatial domain (BM-Case1) and beam prediction in the time domain (BM-Case2). The primary motivation is to support a reduced overhead and lower beam measurements and reporting latency.

[0049] Data collection includes several use cases. For the NW-sided model, the following options for the contents of data collection for training may be considered, including options 1-5 (other options are not precluded):

[0050] Option 1 : All L1-RSRP from the resource for Set A of beams, where Set A of beams are for UE measurement and report. The information on all or a part of Set A of beams ID may or may not need to be reported.

[0051] Option 2: A subset of L1-RSRP from the resource for Set A of beams, with information on corresponding beam / RS ID, where Set A of beams are for UE measurement. Different ways todeterminate the subset may be implemented, at least including data selection, data omission, e.g. L1- RSRP of Top K Set A of beams.

[0052] Option 3: All L1-RSRP from the resource for Set B of beams, and information for Top 1 (e.g. Top K) DL beam / RS ID among Set A of beams, where both Set A of beams and Set B of beams are for UE measurement and report respectively. The information on all or a part of Set B of beams / RS ID may or may not need to be reported.

[0053] Option 4: A subset of L1-RSRP from the resource for Set B of beams with information on corresponding beam / RS ID, and information for Top 1 (e.g. Top K) DL beam / RS ID among Set A of beams, where both Set A of beams and Set B of beams are for UE measurement and report respectively. Different ways to determine the subset may be implemented, at least including data selection, data omission (e.g. L1-RSRP of Top N Set B of beams).

[0054] Option 5: A subset of L1-RSRP from the resource for Set B of beams with information on corresponding beam / RS ID, and a subset of L1-RSRP from the resource for Set A of beams, with information on corresponding beam / RS ID, where both Set A of beams and Set B of beams are for UE measurement and report respectively. Different ways to determine the subset may be implemented, at least including data selection, data omission, E.g. L1-RSRP of Top N Set B of beams, E.g. L1-RSRP of Top K Set A of beams.

[0055] For an NW-sided model, an L1-RSRP measurement report for the data collection for training may be based on L1 signaling or high layer signaling.

[0056] For beam management, for gNB centric and 0AM centric (for RRC signaling between UE and gNB), reporting instances of logged L1 measurement result from UE to gNB via RRC message as configured by gNB is optional feature. There may be different implementation options for handling the case when the single RRC message is not sufficient. Immediate MDT is the baseline framework of OAM-centric data collection for the training of NW-side model. The immediate MDT framework to support periodical reporting is for further enhancing, including whether event-based reporting is to be supported, and further enhancements for network request reporting.

[0057] For beam management, in one example approach, the UE receives the measurement configuration for AI / ML-enabled features / FGs for data collection and logging of measurements. The network can explicitly configure the UE whether the corresponding data collection and logging (if supported) should be immediately started. Multiple configurations can be provided to the UE, anddynamic activation / deactivation may be supported. The UE stores the logged training data at AS layer with a minimum AS layer memory size supported by the UE. When the UE reaches its buffer limitation the UE stops measurement for data collection purposes and logging. Measurements for data collection purposes and logging can be controlled based on power state of the UE. It is up to UE implementation how the UE determines power state. The UE may stop autonomously, or may report power state to the network. AS buffer event based reporting may be supported. An availability indication or a full report may be sent. Event based data collection / logging may be implemented. An on-demand request from the network with signaling may also be implemented.

[0058] Different terminologies as used herein may be defined as follows:

[0059] Immediate MDT procedure:

[0060] Regarding measurement reporting, For Immediate MDT, the UE provides detailed location information (e.g. GNSS location information) if available. The UE also provides available neighbor cell measurement information that may be used to determine the UE location (RF fingerprint). ECGI, Cell- Id, or Cellldentity of the serving cell when the measurement was taken is always assumed known in E- UTRAN, UTRAN or NR respectively.

[0061] The location information which comes with UE radio measurements for MDT can be correlated with other MDT measurements, e.g. RAN measurements. For MDT measurements where UE location information is provided separately, it is assumed that the correlation of location information and MDT measurements should be done in the TCE based on time-stamps.

[0062] When the gNB becomes aware of an in-device coexistence interference problem for NR reported by the UE, this information should be forwarded to the TCE which may correlate impacted measurements (e.g. RAN measurements M4, M5, M6, M7) with the in-device coexistence interference problem.

[0063] Support of Logged MDT complies with the principles for IDLE and INACTIVE state measurements in the UE specified in TS 25.133, TS 36.133 and TS 38.133 and principles for IDLE and CONNECTED mode MBSFN measurements in the UE specified in TS 36.133. For Logged MDT, the configuration is done in cells of the same RAT type. However, measurements included in the logged MDT report comprises of measurements from the same RAT type (serving cell measurements, intrafrequency and inter-frequency neighbor cell measurements) and different RAT types (inter-RAT neighbor cell measurements).

[0064] FIG. 2 shows an MDT measurement configuration for Logged MDT. As shown in FIG. 2, the network (170, 190) initiates the procedure to UE 110 in RRC Connected by sending LoggedMeasurementConfiguration message 202, which is used to transfer configuration parameters for Logged MDT. This is a unidirectional RRC signaling procedure. A release operation for logged measurement configuration in the UE is realized only by configuration replacement when the configuration is overwritten or by configuration clearance in case a duration timer stopping or expiration condition is met.

[0065] An example UElnformationResponse message is as follows, which is also shown in FIG. 3:

[0066] An example UElnformationRequest message is as follows, which is also shown in FIG. 4:

[0067] The minimize drive test (MDT) framework including (i) immediate MDT and (ii) logged MDT which are introduced for data collection for training in AI / ML beam management. For AI / ML beam management, the UE is configured to report L1-RSRP measurements to NW, e.g., NW-sided model training, where the RRC can be used for reporting.

[0068] For immediate MDT framework in legacy, wherein the UE is in RRC connected mode, the UEreports L3-measurements real-time. However, it is possible that the UE is configured to report based on on-demand request from NW, wherein the on-demand request is the feature of logged-MDT framework with IE UEinformationRequest and IE UEinformationResponse. Therefore, the feature of logged MDT should be also considered in an immediate MDT framework.

[0069] There are open problems regarding when L1-RSRP measurements are configured to report, and how to introduce on demand requests from the NW.

[0070] The specification may be enhanced as follows:

[0071] (i) The NW sends UEinformationRequest message to UE then UE sends UEinformationResponse to report L1 related components.

[0072] (i).a. The current IE UEinformationResponse in TS 38.331 is not enough to cover the case when UE is configured to report L1 related components for AI-ML BM.

[0073] (i).b The current IE UEinformationResponse in TS 38.331 does not cover when UE needs to report the L1 -measurements for spatial domain beam prediction (BM-Case1):• Option 1 : When Set B and Set A of beams are different: Set B is set of wide beams and Set A is set of narrow beams (wide-to-narrow beam prediction).• Option2: When Set B is subset of Set A: Set B is set of narrow beams and Set A is set of narrow beams (narrow-to-narrow beam prediction).

[0074] (i).b continued: The current IE UEinformationResponse in TS 38.331 does not cover when UE needs to report the L1 -measurements for temporal domain beam prediction (BM-Case2):• Option 1 : When Set B and Set A of beams are different: Set B is set of wide beams and Set A is set of narrow beams (wide-to-narrow beam prediction).• Option2: When Set B is subset of Set A: Set B is set of narrow beams and Set A is set of narrow beams (narrow-to-narrow beam prediction).• Option3: When Set B and Set A are the same: Set B is set of narrow beams and Set A is set of narrow beams (narrow-to-narrow beam prediction).

[0075] (ii) When NW sends request for UE to report measurements in IE UEinformationRequest, The IE, UEinformationRequest in the current TS 38.331 need to be enhanced for AI / ML BM.

[0076] The examples described herein address further aspects regarding implementation of networkentity and device signaling of L1-RSRP measurements.

[0077] In the current specifications TS 37.320 regarding Logged MDT framework, the NW sends UElnformationRequest to the UE for measurement related L3 components reporting. Then, the UE sends measurements related L3 components in UElnformationResponse message.

[0078] Introduced and described herein is a hybrid MDT framework, wherein a capability of immediate MDT involves (RRC connected state is assumed) and capability of Logged MDT to on demand reporting feature (logged measurements are reported when there is request from NW). The measurements related L1 -components, e.g., L1-RSRP based on hybrid MDT framework for AI / ML beam management data collection for BM-Case1 and BM-Case2 are described herein.

[0079] For on-demand request from NW based on hybrid MDT, the examples described herein extend IE UElnformationResponse and IE UEinformationRequest as follows:

[0080] i) The IE UElnformationResponse message in TS 38.331 is enhanced to include measurements regarding L1 components in logMeasReport-AIML-BM-r19 as follows:

[0081] Referring to items 502 and 504 in FIG. 5A, introduce new reporting in UEinformationResponse for AI / ML BM call as logMeasReport-AIML-BM-r19, the summary of new changes are as follow:UEInformationResponse-AIML-BM-r19-IEs ::= SEQUENCE { LogMeasReport-AIML-BM-r19 LogMeasReport-r19, where LogMeasReport-r19 comprises of the measurements of serving cell, MeasResultServingCell- AIML-BM-r19 comprises of L1-RSRP measurements reporting.

[0082] For BM-Case1 , two options for L1-RSRP measurements are included: Option 1 : wide-to- narrow-beam, and Option2: narrow-to-narrow-beam.

[0083] For BM-Case2, three options for L1-RSRP measurements are included e.g., Option 1 : wide- to-narrow-beam, Option2 (Set B is subset of Set A): narrow-to-narrow-beam and Option3 (Set B and Set A are the same): narrow-to-narrow-beam.

[0084] The example of the changes in specification for BM-Case1 : wide-to-narrow beam prediction could be, referring to FIG. 5B and FIG. 5C, the sequence of resultsSSB is modified from best-ssb-lndex to ssb-indices (refer to 515, 519) and the UE is configured to report number of good SSB beams following maxNrofSSBs-r19 (newly defined in MeasQuantityResults-r19), the MeasQuantityResults-r19 could be,e.g., maxNrofSSBs-r19 (refer to 521 , 523). The event based L1 measurements are implicitly reported in maxNrofSSBs-r19. The examples described herein relate to reporting L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams, where the UE is configured to report number the sequence of resultsCSI-RS, where it is modified from best-ssb-lndex to ssb-indices of good CSI-RS beams following maxNrofCSIRS-r19 (newly defined in MeasQuantityResults-r19), the event based L1 measurements are implicitly reported in maxNrofCSIRS- r19.

[0085] Also in the MeasQuantityResults-AIML-r19 (item 526 of FIG. 5C), the legacy (RSRP with RSRP-range, RSRQ with RSRQ-range, and SI NR with SINR-range) is changed to L1-RSRP with L1- RSRP range for BM-Case1 (item 531), and L1-RSRP Range is reported with respect to Timinstancesjndices for BM-Case2 (item 533).

[0086] Other examples are provided elsewhere herein.

[0087] ii) Also introduced and described herein is a new indication in UEinformationRequest for AI / ML BM data collection corresponding to hybrid MDT framework, where the new request status can be introduced.

[0088] ill) The signaling between NW-UE based hybrid MDT is enhanced to cover reporting of L1- RSRP measurement.

[0089] Our solution can be generic that might apply to a positioning use-case where L1-RSRP and user location are considered in stored measurements.

[0090] Embodiment :

[0091] The IE UElnformationResponse message is enhanced to cover L1 related components reporting for AI / ML BM data collection.

[0092] The spec change in Clause UElnformationResponse message in TS 38.331 is provided below, and in FIG. 5A FIG. 5B, and FIG. 5C. The removed items of another UElnformationResponse message is shown as strikethrough, and the newly introduced aspects for AI / ML BM that are not in the previous UElnformationResponse message are shown in FIG. 5A as items 502 (UEInformationResponse-AIML-BM-r19-IEs ::= SEQUENCE), 504 (logMeasReport-AIML-BM-r19 LogMeasReport-AI / ML-BM-r19 OPTIONAL), 506 (LogMeasReport-AIML-BM-r19::= SEQUENCE), 508 (logMeaslnfoList-AI / ML-BM-r19 LogMeaslnfoList-AI / ML-BM-r19), 510 (LogMeasInfoList-AI / ML-BM- r19 ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxLogMeasReport-AIML-BM-r19)) OF LogMeaslnfo-AIML-BM-r19), 512(LogMeaslnfo-AIML-BM-r19), and 514 (measResultServingCell-AIML-BM-r19 MeasResultServingCell- AIML-BM-r19 OPTIONAL), in FIG. 5B as items 516 (BM Case 1 , Option 1 ), 518 (BM Case 1 , Option 2), and 520 (BM Case 2, Option 1), and FIG. 5C as items 522 (BM Case 2, Option 2), 524 (BM Case 2, Option 3), and 526 (measurement quantity results).

[0093] The UElnformationResponse message is used by the UE to transfer information requested by the network.

[0094] Signaling radio bearer: SRB1 or SRB2 (when logged measurement information is included).Other parameters include RLC-SAP: AM, Logical channel: DCCH, and Direction: UE to network

[0095] UElnformationResponse message (as also shown in FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, and FIG. 5C), where strikethrough indicates where information from a previous formulation of the UElnformationResponse message is removed:

[0096] Described herein is event-based trigger reporting which can be considered as beams / radio condition-based event reporting as follows:

[0097] For BM-Case1 : Option 1 (When Set B and Set A of beams are different: wide-to-narrow beam prediction), referring to item 516 of FIG. 5B: The event-based measurement trigger reporting can be implicitly considered in maximum number of reported SSB beams, e.g., In resultsSSB : When L1-RSRP of SSB beams > threshold, the maxNrofSSBs-r19 could be number of reported SSB beams wherein L1 - RSRP values higher than predefined threshold. In resultsCSI-RS: When L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams > threshold, maxNrofCSIRS-r19 could be number of reported CSI-RS beams wherein L1-RSRP values higher than predefined threshold.

[0098] For BM-Case1 : Option2 (When Set B is subset of Set A: narrow-to-narrow beam prediction), referring to item 518 of FIG. 5B: The event-based measurement reporting can be implicitly considered in maximum number of reported CSI-RS beams, e.g., In resultsCSI-RS1 : When L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams > threshold, maxNrofCSIRS-r19 could be number of reported CSI-RS beams wherein L1-RSRP values higher than predefined threshold. In resultsCSI-RS2: When L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams > threshold, maxNrofCSIRS-r19 could be number of reported CSI-RS beams wherein L1-RSRP values higher than predefined threshold.

[0099] For BM-Case2: Option 1 (When Set B and Set A of beams are different: wide-to-narrow beam prediction in temporal domain), referring to item 520 of FIG. 5B: The event-based measurement triggerreporting can be implicitly considered in maximum number of reported SSB beams, e.g., In resultsSSB : When L1-RSRP of SSB beams > threshold, the maxNrofSSBs-r19 could be number of reported SSB beams wherein L1-RSRP values higher than predefined threshold. In resultsCSI-RS: When L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams > threshold, maxNrofCSIRS-r19 could be number of reported CSI-RS beams wherein L1-RSRP values higher than predefined threshold.

[0100] For BM-Case2: Option2 (When Set B is subset of Set A: narrow-to-narrow beam prediction in temporal domain), referring to item 522 of FIG. 5C: The event-based measurement reporting can be implicitly considered in maximum number of reported CSI-RS beams, e.g., In resultsCSI-RS1 : When L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams > threshold, maxNrofCSIRS-r19 could be number of reported CSI-RS beams wherein L1-RSRP values higher than predefined threshold. In resultsCSI-RS2: When L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams > threshold, maxNrofCSIRS-r19 could be number of reported CSI-RS beams wherein L1-RSRP values higher than predefined threshold.

[0101] For BM-Case2: Option3 (When Set B is the same as Set A: narrow-to-narrow beam prediction in temporal domain), referring to item 524 of FIG. 5C: The event-based measurement reporting can be implicitly considered in maximum number of reported CSI-RS beams, e.g., In resultsCSI-RS : When L1- RSRP of CSI-RS beams > threshold, maxNrofCSIRS-r19 could be number of reported CSI-RS beams wherein L1-RSRP values higher than predefined threshold.

[0102] Embodiment 2:

[0103] The IE UElnformationResponse message in TS 38.331 could be updated for AI / ML BM and include request_status in the configuration (refer to item 602 of FIG. 6). The specification change for IE UElnformationRequest is provided below and shown in FIG. 6.

[0104] Clause UElnformationRequest TS 38.331

[0105] The UElnformationRequest message is used by the network to retrieve information from the UE. Parameters include Signaling radio bearer: SRB1 orSRB2, RLC-SAP: AM, Logical channel: DCCH, Direction: Network to UE.

[0106] UElnformationRequest message (as also shown in FIG. 6) , where strikethrough indicates where information from a previous formulation of the UElnformationRequest message is removed:

[0107] FIG. 7 shows a signaling diagram based on the embodiments described herein including steps 1-11 below. FIG. 7 shows a signaling exchange between UE 110, gNB 170, CN 710, OAM 720, and TOE 730.

[0108] Step 1 : Operations Administration and Management (OAM) sends trace configuration to core network (CN) (including L1-RSRP of SSB and CSI-RS based beams reporting for AI / ML BM).

[0109] Step 2: CN sends trace Activation to gNB.

[0110] Step 3: gNB sends the capability enquiry to UE

[0111] Step 4: UE sends capability information.

[0112] Step 5: gNB activates L1 -measurements reporting

[0113] Step 6: gNB configures AI / ML-BM-feature via RRC (including measurement-RS-resourceset- ID, and associate ID and etc.);

[0114] Step 7: UE stores the configuration and performs instances of L1 measurements data collection based on hybrid MDT framework (BM-Case1 : Option"! , including L1-RSRP of SSB beams and L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams, Option2, including L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams in resultsCSI-RS1 and CSI- RS beams in results CSI-RS2. BM-Case2 : Option"! , including L1-RSRP of SSB beams and L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams with respect to timeinstances Jndices, Option2, including L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams in resultsCSI-RS1 and CSI-RS beams in resultsCSI-RS2 with respect to timelnstancesjndices. Option3, including L1-RSRP of CSI-RS beams in resultsCSI-RS with respect to timelnstancesjndices.)

[0115] Step 8: gNB sends UEInformationRequest-AIML-Rel19 in RRC (including request of stored logged L1 measurements reporting).

[0116] Step 9: UE sends UEInformationResponse-AI / ML-Rel19 (Report stored instances of logged L1 -measurements).

[0117] Step 10: gNB perfoms L1 -measurements collection.

[0118] Step 11 : gNB sends trace Records reporting to trace collection entity (TCE).

[0119] FIG. 8 is an example apparatus 800, which may be implemented in hardware, configured to implement the examples described herein. The apparatus 800 comprises at least one processor 802 (e.g. an FPGA and / or CPU), one or more memories 804 including computer program code 805, the computer program code 805 having instructions to carry out the methods described herein, wherein the at least one memory 804 and the computer program code 805 are configured to, with the at least one processor 802, cause the apparatus 800 to implement circuitry, a process, component, module, or function (implemented with control module 806) to implement the examples described herein. The one or more memories 804 may include a non-transitory memory, a transitory memory, a volatile memory (e.g. RAM), or a non-volatile memory (e.g. ROM).

[0120] Optionally included information request 830 implements the examples described herein related to the UEInformationRequest-AIML-Rel19 information element, such as the UEInformationRequest-AIML-Rel19 information element sent by RAN node 170 to the UE 110. Optionally included information response 849 implements the examples described herein related to the UElnformationResponse-AI information element, such as the UElnformationResponse-AI information element sent by UE 110 to RAN node 170.

[0121] The apparatus 800 includes a display and / or I / O interface 808, which includes user interface (Ul) circuitry and elements, that may be used to display aspects or a status of the methods describedherein (e.g., as one of the methods is being performed or at a subsequent time), or to receive input from a user such as with using a keypad, camera, touchscreen, touch area, microphone, biometric recognition, one or more sensors, etc. The apparatus 800 includes one or more communication e.g. network (N / W) interfaces (l / F(s)) 810. The communication l / F(s) 810 may be wired and / or wireless and communicate over the Internet / other network(s) via any communication technique including via one or more links 824. The link(s) 824 may be the link(s) 131 and / or 176 from FIG. 1. The link(s) 131 and / or 176 from FIG. 1 may also be implemented using transceiver(s) 816 and corresponding wireless link(s) 826. The communication l / F(s) 810 may comprise one or more transmitters or one or more receivers.

[0122] The transceiver 816 comprises one or more transmitters 818 and one or more receivers 820. The transceiver 816 and / or communication l / F(s) 810 may comprise standard well-known components such as an amplifier, filter, frequency-converter, (de)modulator, and encoder / decoder circuitries and one or more antennas, such as antennas 814 used for communication over wireless link 826.

[0123] The control module 806 of the apparatus 800 comprises one of or both parts 806-1 and / or 806-2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The control module 806 may be implemented in hardware as control module 806-1 , such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 802. The control module 806-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the control module 806 may be implemented as control module 806-2, which is implemented as computer program code (having corresponding instructions) 805 and is executed by the one or more processors 802. For instance, the one or more memories 804 store instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors 802, cause the apparatus 800 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. Furthermore, the one or more processors 802, the one or more memories 804, and example algorithms (e.g., as flowcharts and / or signaling diagrams), encoded as instructions, programs, or code, are means for causing performance of the operations described herein.

[0124] The apparatus 800 to implement the functionality of control 806 may be UE 110, RAN node 170 (e.g. gNB), or network element(s) 190 (e.g. LMF 190). Thus, processor 802 may correspond to processor(s) 120, processor(s) 152 and / or processor(s) 175, memory 804 may correspond to one or more memories 125, one or more memories 155 and / or one or more memories 171 , computer program code 805 may correspond to computer program code 123, computer program code 153, and / or computer program code 173, control module 806 may correspond to module 140-1 , module 140-2, module 150-1 , and / or module 150-2, and communication l / F(s) 810 and / or transceiver 816 may correspond to transceiver 130, antenna(s) 128, transceiver 160, antenna(s) 158, N / W l / F(s) 161, and / orN / W l / F(s) 180. Alternatively, apparatus 800 and its elements may not correspond to either of UE 110, RAN node 170, or network element(s) 190 and their respective elements, as apparatus 800 may be part of a self-organizing / optimizing network (SON) node or other node, such as a node in a cloud.

[0125] Apparatus 800 may correspond to core network (ON) 710, operations and management (OAM) 720, or trace collection entity (TOE) 730.

[0126] The apparatus 800 may also be distributed throughout the network (e.g. 100) including within and between apparatus 800 and any network element (such as a network control element (NOE) 190 and / or the RAN node 170 and / or UE 110).

[0127] Interface 812 enables data communication and signaling between the various items of apparatus 800, as shown in FIG. 8. For example, the interface 812 may be one or more buses such as address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, and the like. Computer program code (e.g. instructions) 805, including control 806 may comprise object- oriented software configured to pass data or messages between objects within computer program code 805, or computer program code (e.g. instructions) 805, including control 806 may include functional, scripting, or procedural code. The apparatus 800 need not comprise each of the features mentioned, or may comprise other features as well. The various components of apparatus 800 may at least partially reside in a common housing 828, or a subset of the various components of apparatus 800 may at least partially be located in different housings, which different housings may include housing 828.

[0128] FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of non-volatile memory media 900a (e.g. computer / compact disc (CD) or digital versatile disc (DVD)) and 900b (e.g. universal serial bus (USB) memory stick) and 900c (e.g. cloud storage for downloading instructions and / or parameters 902 or receiving emailed instructions and / or parameters 902) storing instructions and / or parameters 902 which when executed by a processor allows the processor to perform one or more of the steps of the methods described herein. Instructions and / or parameters 902 may represent a computer readable medium.

[0129] FIG. 10 is an example method 1000 based on the examples described herein. At 1010, the method includes receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management. At 1020, the method includes wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management. At 1030, the method includes transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management. At 1040, the method includes wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity compriseslayer 1 measurements. Method 1000 may be performed with UE 110 or apparatus 800.

[0130] FIG. 11 is an example method 1100 based on the examples described herein. At 1110, the method includes transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management. At 1120, the method includes wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management. At 1130, the method includes receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management. At 1140, the method includes wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements. Method 1100 may be performed with RAN node 170 (e.g. gNB 170), one or more network elements 190, or apparatus 800.

[0131] FIG. 12 is an example method 1200 based on the examples described herein. At 1210, the method includes transmitting, to a core network, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting. At 1220, the method includes wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting. At 1230, the method includes receiving, from a radio access network node, a trace records reporting message comprising the layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams. Method 1200 may be performed with one or more network elements 190, OAM 720, or apparatus 800.

[0132] FIG. 13 is an example method 1300 based on the examples described herein. At 1310, the method includes receiving, from an operations and management entity, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting. At 1320, the method includes wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting. At 1330, the method includes transmitting, to a radio access network node, a trace activation message based on the indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting received from the operations and management entity. Method 1300 may be performed with one or more network elements 190, CN 710, or apparatus 800.

[0133] FIG. 14 is an example method 1400 based on the examples described herein. At 1410, the method includes receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management. At 1420, the method includes wherein the information request message related to beammanagement received from the network entity comprises a request for a failure status. At 1430, the method includes wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management. At 1440, the method includes transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management. At 1450, the method includes wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements. At 1460, the method includes wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises an indication of the failure status. Method 1400 may be performed with UE 110 or apparatus 800.

[0134] FIG. 15 is an example method 1500 based on the examples described herein. At 1510, the method includes transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management. At 1520, the method includes wherein the information request message related to beam management transmitted to the user equipment comprises a request for failure status. At 1530, the method includes wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management. At 1540, the method includes receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management. At 1550, the method includes wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements. At 1560, the method includes wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises an indication of the failure status. Method 1500 may be performed with RAN node 170 (e.g. gNB 170), one or more network elements 190, or apparatus 800.

[0135] The following examples are provided and described herein.

[0136] Example 1 . An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmit, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0137] Example 2. The apparatus of example 1 , wherein the layer 1 measurements comprise measurements of a serving cell.

[0138] Example 3. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 2, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signalreceived power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0139] Example 4. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 3, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; wherein the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams ofthe set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; wherein the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0140] Example 5. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 4, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprises a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0141] Example 6. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 5, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or determine whether the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received powermeasurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and wherein the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0142] Example 7. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 6, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0143] Example 8. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 7, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received powermeasurements for respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or determine whether the layer 1 reference signal received power measurement for the channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and wherein the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0144] Example 9. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 8, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a secondreference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurement are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0145] Example 10. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 9, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beam associated with the first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprises a second set of narrow beams; and wherein the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset ofthe first set of narrow beams.

[0146] Example 11 . The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 10, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

[0147] Example 12. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 11 , wherein for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

[0148] Example 13. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 12, wherein the information response message comprises an indication of a range at least some of the layer 1 measurements are within.

[0149] Example 14. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 13, wherein the information response message comprises time instances when at least some of the layer 1 measurements are performed.

[0150] Example 15. The apparatus of example 14, wherein the time instances are mapped to a layer 1 reference signal received power range.

[0151] Example 16. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 15, wherein the information request message related to beam management received from the network entity is received as a radio resource control minimization of drive tests message.

[0152] Example 17. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 16, wherein the apparatus is further caused to: receive, from the network entity while the apparatus is in radio resource control connected mode, a configuration for performing the layer 1 measurements; wherein the layer 1 measurements are performed based on the configuration received from the network entity; wherein the layer 1 measurements are performed for at least one or more of: synchronization signal block beams or channel state information reference signal beams.

[0153] Example 18. An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receive, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0154] Example 19. The apparatus of example 18, wherein the layer 1 measurements comprise measurements of a serving cell.

[0155] Example 20. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 19, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0156] Example 21 . The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 20, wherein: for spatial domain beamprediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0157] Example 22. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 21 , wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signalbeams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0158] Example 23. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 22, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0159] Example 24. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 23, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state informationreference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0160] Example 25. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 24, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0161] Example 26. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 25, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1reference signal received power measurement for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0162] Example 27. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 26, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0163] Example 28. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 27, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

[0164] Example 29. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 28, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

[0165] Example 30. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 29, wherein the information response message comprises an indication of a range at least some of the layer 1 measurements are within.

[0166] Example 31 . The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 30, wherein the information response message comprises time instances when at least some of the layer 1 measurements are performed.

[0167] 32. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 31 , wherein the time instances are mapped to a layer 1 reference signal received power range.

[0168] Example 33. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 32, wherein the information request message related to beam management transmitted to the user equipment is transmitted as a radio resource control minimization of drive tests message.

[0169] Example 34. The apparatus of any of examples 18 to 33, wherein the apparatus is further caused to: transmit, to the user equipment, a configuration for performing the layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises the layer 1 measurements, based on the configuration transmitted to the user equipment; wherein the layer 1measurements are associated with at least one or more of: synchronization signal block beams or channel state information reference signal beams.

[0170] Example 35. An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a core network, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and receive, from a radio access network node, a trace records reporting message comprising the layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams.

[0171] Example 36. An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from an operations and management entity, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and transmit, to a radio access network node, a trace activation message based on the indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting received from the operations and management entity.

[0172] Example 37. A method including: receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0173] Example 38. A method including: transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0174] Example 39. A method including: transmitting, to a core network, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams andchannel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and receiving, from a radio access network node, a trace records reporting message comprising the layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams.

[0175] Example 40. A method including: receiving, from an operations and management entity, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and transmitting, to a radio access network node, a trace activation message based on the indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting received from the operations and management entity.

[0176] Example 41. An apparatus including: means for receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and means for transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0177] Example 42. An apparatus including: means for transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and means for receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0178] Example 43. An apparatus including: means for transmitting, to a core network, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and means for receiving, from a radio access network node, a trace records reporting message comprising the layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams.

[0179] Example 44. An apparatus including: means for receiving, from an operations andmanagement entity, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and means for transmitting, to a radio access network node, a trace activation message based on the indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting received from the operations and management entity.

[0180] Example 45. A computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0181] Example 46. A computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements.

[0182] Example 47. A computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: transmitting, to a core network, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and receiving, from a radio access network node, a trace records reporting message comprising the layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams.

[0183] Example 48. A computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: receiving, from an operations and management entity, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beammanagement reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and transmitting, to a radio access network node, a trace activation message based on the indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting received from the operations and management entity.

[0184] Example 49. An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management received from the network entity comprises a request for a failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmit, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0185] Example 50. The apparatus of example 49, wherein the layer 1 measurements comprise measurements of a serving cell.

[0186] Example 51 . The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 50, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0187] Example 52. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 51 , wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; wherein the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; wherein the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0188] Example 53. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 52, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for whichlayer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprises a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0189] Example 54. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 53, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or determine whether the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with thesecond reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and wherein the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0190] Example 55. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 54, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0191] Example 56. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 55, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or determine whether the layer 1 reference signal received power measurement for the channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams forwhich the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and wherein the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0192] Example 57. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 56, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurement are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0193] Example 58. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 57, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received powermeasurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beam associated with the first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprises a second set of narrow beams; and wherein the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0194] Example 59. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 58, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

[0195] Example 60. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 59, wherein for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

[0196] Example 61 . The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 60, wherein the information response message comprises an indication of a range at least some of the layer 1 measurements are within.

[0197] Example 62. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 61 , wherein the information response message comprises time instances when at least some of the layer 1 measurements are performed.

[0198] Example 63. The apparatus of example 62, wherein the time instances are mapped to a layer 1 reference signal received power range.

[0199] Example 64. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 63, wherein the information request message related to beam management received from the network entity is received as a radio resource control minimization of drive tests message.

[0200] Example 65. The apparatus of any of examples 49 to 64, wherein the apparatus is further caused to: receive, from the network entity while the apparatus is in radio resource control connected mode, a configuration for performing the layer 1 measurements; wherein the layer 1 measurements are performed based on the configuration received from the network entity; wherein the layer 1 measurements are performed for at least one or more of: synchronization signal block beams or channel state information reference signal beams.

[0201] Example 66. An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management transmitted to the user equipment comprises a request for failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receive, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received fromthe user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0202] Example 67. The apparatus of example 66, wherein the layer 1 measurements comprise measurements of a serving cell.

[0203] Example 68. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 67, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0204] Example 69. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 68, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received powermeasurements are greater than a threshold; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0205] Example 70. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 69, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0206] Example 71 . The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 70, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received powermeasurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0207] Example 72. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 71, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0208] Example 73. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 72, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

[0209] Example 74. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 73, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurement for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0210] Example 75. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 74, wherein: for temporal domain beamprediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

[0211] Example 76. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 75, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

[0212] Example 77. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 76, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state informationreference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

[0213] Example 78. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 77, wherein the information response message comprises an indication of a range at least some of the layer 1 measurements are within.

[0214] Example 79. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 78, wherein the information response message comprises time instances when at least some of the layer 1 measurements are performed.

[0215] Example 80. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 79, wherein the time instances are mapped to a layer 1 reference signal received power range.

[0216] Example 81. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 80, wherein the information request message related to beam management transmitted to the user equipment is transmitted as a radio resource control minimization of drive tests message.

[0217] Example 82. The apparatus of any of examples 66 to 81 , wherein the apparatus is further caused to: transmit, to the user equipment, a configuration for performing the layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises the layer 1 measurements, based on the configuration transmitted to the user equipment; wherein the layer 1 measurements are associated with at least one or more of: synchronization signal block beams or channel state information reference signal beams.

[0218] Example 83. A method including: receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management received from the network entity comprises a request for a failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0219] Example 84. A method including: transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beammanagement transmitted to the user equipment comprises a request for failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0220] Example 85. An apparatus including: means for receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management received from the network entity comprises a request for a failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and means for transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0221] Example 86. An apparatus including: means for transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management transmitted to the user equipment comprises a request for failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and means for receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0222] Example 87. A computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management received from the network entity comprises a request for a failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0223] Example 88. A computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following: transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the information request message related to beam management transmitted to the user equipment comprises a request for failure status; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises an indication of the failure status.

[0224] References to a ‘computer’, ‘processor’, etc. should be understood to encompass not only computers having different architectures such as single / multi-processor architectures and sequential or parallel architectures but also specialized circuits such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific circuits (ASICs), signal processing devices and other processing circuitry. References to computer program, instructions, code etc. should be understood to encompass software for a programmable processor or firmware such as, for example, the programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device etc.

[0225] The memories as described herein may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, non-transitory memory, transitory memory, fixed memory and removable memory. The memories may comprise a database for storing data.

[0226] The term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

[0227] As used herein, the term ‘circuitry’ may refer to the following: (a) hardware circuit implementations, such as implementations in analog and / or digital circuitry, and (b) combinations of circuits and software (and / or firmware), such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of processor(s) or (ii) portions of processor(s) / software including digital signal processor(s), software, and memories that work together to cause an apparatus to perform various functions, and (c) circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present. As a further example, as used herein, the term ‘circuitry’ would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or aportion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term ‘circuitry’ would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or another network device.

[0228] It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative. Various alternatives and modifications may be devised by those skilled in the art. For example, features recited in the various dependent claims could be combined with each other in any suitable combination(s). In addition, features from different example embodiments described above could be selectively combined into a new example embodiment. Accordingly, this description is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0229] The following acronyms and abbreviations that may be found in the specification and / or the drawing figures are given as follows (the abbreviations and acronyms may be appended / combined with each other or with other characters using e.g. a dash, hyphen, slash, letter, or number, and may be case insensitive):4G fourth generation5G fifth generation5GC 5G core networkAl artificial intelligenceAIML artificial intelligence machine learningAM acknowledged modeAMF access and mobility management functionANSI American National Standards InstituteAS access stratumASIC application-specific integrated circuitBM beam managementCD compact / computer discCGI cell global identityCN core network connEst connection establishmentCPU central processing unitCSI channel state informationCSI-RS channel state information reference signalCU central unit or centralized unitDC dual connectivityDCCH dedicated control channelDL downlinkDSP digital signal processorDU distributed unitDVD digital versatile discECGI E-UTRA Cell Global Identifier eNB evolved Node B (e.g., an LTE base station)EN-DC E-UTRAN new radio - dual connectivity en-gNB node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and acting as a secondary node in EN-DCEPC evolved packet coreE-UTRA evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access, i.e., the LTE radio access technologyE-UTRAN E-UTRA networkF1 interface between the CU and the DUFG feature group, or focus groupFPGA field-programmable gate arrayFS feasibility study gNB generalized node B, base station for 5G / NR, i.e., a node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to the 5GCGNSS global navigation satellite systemIAB integrated access and backhaulID identifierIE information element l / F interfaceI / O input / outputL1 layer 1L1-RSRP layer 1 reference signal received powerLCM lifecycle managementLMF location management functionLTE long term evolution (4G)M4 power headroom measurement by the UEM5 received total wideband power a Node BM6 data volume measurement, separately for downlink and uplinkM7 throughput measurement, separately for downlink and uplinkMAC medium access control maxNR maximum numberMBSFN multicast broadcast single frequency networkMDT minimization of drive testsMeas measurementML machine learningMME mobility management entityMRO mobility robustness optimizationNCE network control element ng or NG new generation ng-eNB new generation eNBNG-RAN new generation radio access networkNR new radioNW networkN / W networkCAM operations and management, or operations, administration and maintenanceOTT over the topPDA personal digital assistantPDCP packet data convergence protocolPHY physical layer r releaseRAM random access memoryRel releaseRA random accessRAN radio access networkRAN1 RAN working group 1 , or radio layer 1RAN2 RAN working group 2, or radio layer 2RAT radio access technologyReq requestRF radio frequencyRL reinforcement learningRLC radio link controlRLF radio link failureROM read-only memoryRP RAN plenaryRRC radio resource controlRS reference signalRSRQ reference signal received qualityRSRP reference signal received powerRU radio unitRx receive, or receiver, or receptionSAP service access pointS1 interface between the mobility management entity (MME) in the EPC and the evolved Node B’s in the E-UTRANSDAP service data adaptation protocolSGW serving gatewaySI NR signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratioSMF session management functionSON self-organizing / optimizing networkSRB signaling radio bearerSSB synchronization signal blockTOE trace collection entityTop K top highest K, where K is an integer (such as highest RSRP values)Top N top highest N, where N is an integer (such as highest RSRP values)TR technical reportTRP transmission reception pointTS technical specificationTx transmit, or transmitter, or transmissionUAV unmanned aerial vehicleUE user equipment (e.g., a wireless, typically mobile device)III user interfaceUL uplinkUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUPF user plane functionUSB universal serial busUTRAN universal terrestrial radio access networkWl work itemWLAN wireless local area networkX2 network interface between RAN nodes and between RAN and the core networkXn network interface between NG-RAN nodes

Claims

WE CLAIM:

1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and transmit, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the layer 1 measurements comprise measurements of a serving cell.

3. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 2, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or63indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

4. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams aregreater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; wherein the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; wherein the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

5. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, ora number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprises a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

6. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or determine whether the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal, when66the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and wherein the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

7. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

8. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or determine whether the layer 1 reference signal received power measurement for the channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the synchronization signal block beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, orindices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and wherein the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

9. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with asecond reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurement are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

10. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal are greater than the threshold, and wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beam associated with the first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal, whenthe layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprises a second set of narrow beams; and wherein the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.11 . The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

12. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 11 , wherein for temporal domain beam prediction, the apparatus is further caused to determine whether layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, wherein the information response message comprises at least one or more of: the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than the threshold, or indices of the respective channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold, or a number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than the threshold; and wherein the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

13. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the information response message comprises an indication of a range at least some of the layer 1 measurements are within.

14. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the information response message comprises time instances when at least some of the layer 1 measurements are performed, and wherein the time instances are mapped to a layer 1 reference signal received power range.

15. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the information request message related to beam management received from the network entity is received as a radio resource control minimization of drive tests message.

16. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beam management;wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and receive, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements.

17. The apparatus of any of claims 16, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; andthe set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

18. The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 17, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

19. The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 18, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one74or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

20. The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 19, wherein: for spatial domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state75information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.21 . The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 20, wherein:for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, or indices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

22. The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 21 , wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective synchronization signal block beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective synchronization signal block beams are greater than a threshold, orindices of respective synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of synchronization signal block beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the synchronization signal block beams comprise at least some beams of a set of wide beams, or at least some beams of a set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise at least some beams of the set of the wide beams, or at least some beams of the set of narrow beams; and the set of wide beams and the set of narrow beams are different.

23. The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 22, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are includedin the information response message, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurement for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

24. The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 23, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a first reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with a first reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a firstreference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams that are associated with a second reference signal, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal are greater than a threshold, or indices of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams associated with a second reference signal for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the first reference signal comprise a first set of narrow beams; and the channel state information reference signal beams associated with the second reference signal comprise a second set of narrow beams; and the first set of narrow beams is a subset of the second set of narrow beams, or the second set of narrow beams is a subset of the first set of narrow beams.

25. The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 24, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, or indices of respective channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message, ora number of the channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are included in the information response message; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

26. The apparatus of any of claims 16 to 25, wherein: for temporal domain beam prediction, the information response message comprises at least one or more of: layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for respective channel state information reference signal beams, when the layer 1 reference signal received power measurements for the respective channel state information reference signal beams are greater than a threshold, or indices of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold, or a number of channel state information reference signal beams for which layer 1 reference signal received power measurements are greater than a threshold; and the channel state information reference signal beams comprise a set of narrow beams.

27. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a core network, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and receive, from a radio access network node, a trace records reporting message comprising thelayer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams.

28. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from an operations and management entity, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and transmit, to a radio access network node, a trace activation message based on the indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting received from the operations and management entity.

29. An apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a network entity, an information request message related to beam management; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and means for transmitting, to the network entity, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message transmitted to the network entity comprises layer 1 measurements.

30. An apparatus comprising: means for transmitting, to a user equipment, an information request message related to beammanagement; wherein the beam management comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management; and means for receiving, from the user equipment, an information response message related to the beam management; wherein the information response message received from the user equipment comprises layer 1 measurements.

31. An apparatus comprising: means for transmitting, to a core network, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and means for receiving, from a radio access network node, a trace records reporting message comprising the layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams.

32. An apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from an operations and management entity, a trace configuration comprising an indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting; wherein the beam management reporting comprises artificial intelligence or machine learning based beam management reporting; and means for transmitting, to a radio access network node, a trace activation message based on the indication to perform layer 1 measurements of synchronization signal block beams and channel state information reference signal beams for beam management reporting received from the operations and management entity.83

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