Display device

Abstract

This display device includes a plurality of pixels, each of which outputs light of a corresponding color. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a light-emitting layer and a resonator layer that resonates the light of the color of the pixel among the light from the light-emitting layer. In a central region of each of the plurality of pixels, the resonator layer includes a plurality of structures and one or more resonance parts periodically arranged in a plane direction of the resonator layer as a whole, and in an edge region of each of the plurality of pixels, the resonator layer includes a plurality of structures periodically arranged in the plane direction of the resonator layer. In each of the plurality of pixels, the plurality of structures in the center region, the one or more resonance parts, and the plurality of structures in the edge region are arranged so as to confine light from the light-emitting layer to the one or more resonance parts. A structure density in the center region and a structure density in the edge region are different from each other.

Description

display device

[0001] This disclosure relates to a display device.

[0002] Various techniques related to optical resonance are known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique using a photonic crystal structure. In a photonic crystal structure, multiple structures (e.g., pores) having different refractive indices from their surroundings are periodically arranged at intervals approximately the same as the resonance wavelength.

[0003] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-43918

[0004] Applying optical resonance technology to display devices is also a possibility. A problem specific to display devices is crosstalk between adjacent pixels. There is still room for consideration regarding how to address crosstalk when optical resonance technology is applied to display device 1.

[0005] One aspect of this disclosure is the suppression of crosstalk.

[0006] One aspect of this disclosure is a display device comprising a plurality of pixels, each outputting light of a corresponding color, each of the plurality of pixels comprising a light-emitting layer and a resonator layer that resonates the light of the pixel's color from the light-emitting layer, wherein in the central region of each of the plurality of pixels, the resonator layer comprises a plurality of structures and one or more resonating parts arranged periodically in the plane direction of the resonator layer as a whole, and in the edge region of each of the plurality of pixels, the resonator layer comprises a plurality of structures arranged periodically in the plane direction of the resonator layer, and in each of the plurality of pixels, the plurality of structures in the central region, one or more resonating parts, and the plurality of structures in the edge region are arranged so as to confine the light from the light-emitting layer to one or more resonating parts, and the density of structures in the central region and the density of structures in the edge region are different from each other.

[0007] This figure shows an example of the schematic configuration of the display device 1 according to the embodiment. This figure shows an example of the schematic configuration of the pixel region 2. This figure shows an example of the design of the resonator layer 7. This figure shows an example of the schematic configuration of the display device 1. This figure shows an example of the schematic configuration of the display device 1. This figure shows an example of the wavelength characteristics of the resonator layer 7. This figure shows an example of the schematic configuration of the display device 1. This figure shows an example of the wavelength characteristics of the resonator layer 7. This figure shows an example of the design of the PBG band p3 of the boundary region 33. This figure shows an example of the design of the PBG band p3 of the boundary region 33. This figure shows an example of the range of the PBG band p3 of the boundary region 33. This figure shows an example of the planar layout design. This figure shows an example of the planar layout design. This figure shows an example of the planar layout design. This figure shows an example of the planar layout design. This figure shows an example of the pixel arrangement. This figure shows an example of the pixel arrangement. This figure shows an example of the pixel arrangement. This figure shows an example of the position of the resonator layer 7 in the stacked structure. This figure shows an example of the position of the resonator layer 7 in the stacked structure. This figure shows an example of the arrangement and design of the boundary region 33. This figure shows an example of the arrangement and design of the boundary region 33. This figure shows an example of the arrangement and design of the boundary region 33. This is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement and design of the boundary region 33. This is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement and design of the boundary region 33. This is a diagram showing a modified example. This is a conceptual diagram (1) to explain the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal vector LN" passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part. This is a conceptual diagram (2) to explain the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal vector LN" passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part. This is a conceptual diagram (3) to explain the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal vector LN" passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part. This is a conceptual diagram (4) to explain the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal vector LN" passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part. This is a conceptual diagram (No. 5) illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection part. This is a conceptual diagram (No. 6) illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection part.This is a conceptual diagram (No. 7) illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection part. This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the first example of a resonator structure. This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the second example of a resonator structure. This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the third example of a resonator structure. This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the fourth example of a resonator structure. This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the fifth example of a resonator structure. This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the sixth example of a resonator structure. This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the seventh example of a resonator structure. This is a front view showing an example of the appearance of a digital still camera. This is a rear view showing an example of the appearance of a digital still camera. This is an external view of a head-mounted display. This is an external view of a see-through head-mounted display. This is an external view of a television system. This is an external view of a smartphone. This is a diagram (No. 1) showing the internal configuration of an automobile. This is a diagram (No. 2) showing the internal configuration of an automobile.

[0008] Embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In each of the following embodiments, the same elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals to avoid redundant descriptions.

[0009] This disclosure will be described in the following order of items: 1. Embodiments 2. Modifications 3. Other Modifications 3.1 Modification 1 3.2 Modification 2 4. Application Examples 5. Summary

[0010] 1. Figure 1 of the embodiment shows an example of the schematic configuration of the display device 1 according to the embodiment. The XYZ coordinate system is also shown. The X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction (XY plane direction) correspond to the horizontal and vertical directions of the display device 1, in other words, the display surface direction of the display device 1. The Z-axis direction corresponds to the thickness direction of the display device 1, in other words, the front-to-back direction of the display device 1. Figure 1 shows the display device 1 when viewed from above (viewed in the negative Z-axis direction).

[0011] The display device 1 includes a pixel region 2 and a peripheral region 19. The pixel region 2 extends in the direction of the display surface (XY plane direction) of the display device 1. In this example, the pixel region 2 has a rectangular shape.

[0012] Pixel region 2 contains multiple pixels 3 (illustrated here as pixel 3R, pixel 3G, or pixel 3B). The multiple pixels 3 are periodically arranged in a two-dimensional array across the entire pixel region 2. The row direction of the array corresponds to the X-axis direction, and the column direction corresponds to the Y-axis direction. In this example, when viewed from above, each pixel 3 has a hexagonal shape. The multiple pixels 3 are arranged in a delta shape (or honeycomb shape).

[0013] In the following explanation, multiple pixels 3 and pixel regions 2 may be reinterpreted as appropriate, as long as they do not contradict each other.

[0014] Each pixel 3 outputs light of the corresponding color in the positive Z-axis direction. The pixel region 2 includes two or more types of pixels 3 that output light of different colors. In the example shown in Figure 1, three types of pixels 3 are exemplified: pixel 3R which outputs red (R) light, pixel 3G which outputs green (G) light, and pixel 3B which outputs blue (B) light. When pixels 3R, 3G, and 3B are not specifically distinguished, they are simply referred to as pixels 3.

[0015] Note that the light emitted by pixel 3 is not limited to red, green, and blue light. Other examples of light include white (W) light. Also, all pixels 3 may emit light of the same color.

[0016] The peripheral region 19 is a region located around the pixel region 2. In this example, there are four peripheral regions 19, each positioned opposite the sides of the rectangular pixel region 2.

[0017] Various elements are provided in the peripheral region 19. For example, circuits (peripheral circuits) for performing various controls necessary for the operation of the display device 1 are provided in the peripheral region 19. One example of control by the peripheral circuit is the control of the light emission of each pixel 3. For example, the peripheral circuit drives a transistor connected to the light-emitting part in each pixel 3. Terminals used for accessing external devices of the display device 1 may also be provided in the peripheral region 19. For example, a signal for the image to be displayed by the display device 1 is supplied to the peripheral circuit via the terminal. According to this signal, the peripheral circuit controls the light emission of each pixel 3 in the pixel region 2.

[0018] Figure 2 shows an example of the schematic configuration of pixel region 2. A portion of pixel region 2, more specifically the cross-sections of pixels 3R, 3G, and 3B arranged in a row direction (positive X-axis direction), are schematically shown when viewed from the side (viewed from a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction).

[0019] The pixel region 2 includes a substrate 4, a reflective layer 5, a regulating layer 6, a resonator layer 7, a lower electrode 9, a light-emitting layer 10, an upper electrode 11, a sealing layer 12, a planarizing layer 13, a color filter layer 14, a lens layer 15, a resin layer 16, and a counter substrate 17. These are collectively referred to as substrates 4 through 17. Substrates 4 through 17 are arranged sequentially in the positive Z-axis direction. Note that the term "layer" may be interpreted to include films, and these terms may be appropriately reinterpreted within a range that does not contradict each other.

[0020] The substrates 4 to the opposing substrate 17 extend in the XY plane direction as their planar direction and have thickness in the Z axis direction. They are present in each of the pixels 3, and therefore each pixel 3 includes substrates 4 to the opposing substrate 17. The pixel 3 located on a substrate 4 to the opposing substrate 17, as viewed from that substrate 3, is also called the corresponding pixel 3.

[0021] The substrate 4 is, for example, a semiconductor substrate. The peripheral circuit elements (transistors, etc.) described earlier are formed on the substrate 4. The reflective layer 5 is provided on the substrate 4 and reflects light from the light-emitting layer 10. The reflective layer 5 is configured to reflect light of at least the corresponding color of the pixel 3. Various known materials such as metals may be used. The adjustment layer 6 is provided between the reflective layer 5 and the resonator layer 7. An example of the material for the adjustment layer 6 is SiO2. The thickness of the adjustment layer 6 (length in the Z-axis direction) defines the distance from the reflective layer 5 to the resonator layer 7, and more specifically, the distance from the reflective layer 5 to the light-emitting layer 10.

[0022] The resonator layer 7 resonates with the light of the color of the pixel 3 from the light-emitting layer 10. The resonator layer 7 of each pixel 3 includes a plurality of structures 8 and one or more resonant sections 8d. The resonant wavelength is referred to as the resonant wavelength λcav.

[0023] In the example shown in Figure 2, the resonator layer 7 of each pixel 3 includes one resonant portion 8d. In each pixel 3, multiple structures 8 and resonant portions 8d are arranged periodically in the planar direction of the resonator layer 7 as a whole, so as to confine the light of the resonant wavelength λcav from the light-emitting layer 10 to the resonant portion 8d. They can also be described as being arranged periodically in two dimensions.

[0024] Multiple structures 8 may have the same height (length in the Z-axis direction). This simplifies the configuration and facilitates manufacturing compared to when they have different heights.

[0025] An example of the resonator layer 7 is a photonic crystal layer. The multiple structures 8 have different refractive indices from other parts of the resonator layer 7 (parts other than the structures 8). An example of the material of the other parts is SiN. The structures 8 may be holes provided in the resonator layer 7. The holes may be air voids (having the same refractive index as air) or may be filled with a material having a lower refractive index than other parts of the resonator layer 7.

[0026] The resonant portion 8d may have the same refractive index as, for example, other parts of the resonator layer 7, more specifically, parts of the resonator layer 7 other than the structure 8. In this case, the material of the resonant portion 8d may be the same material as the parts of the resonator layer 7 other than the structure 8 (e.g., SiN). The resonant portion 8d may correspond to a configuration in which one or more of the structures 8 that might exist if the resonant portion 8d were absent have been removed. One or any number of structures 8 may be removed. For example, three adjacent structures 8 may be removed, or a total of seven structures 8, consisting of one structure 8 and six surrounding structures 8, may be removed. Alternatively, the resonant portion 8d may include not only a portion having the same refractive index as other parts of the resonator layer 7, but also a portion located around that portion that has the same refractive index as the structure 8. In this portion, for example, structures similar to the structure 8 may be arranged in a different (modulated) arrangement than the periodic arrangement of the structure 8.

[0027] The periods of the plurality of periodically arranged structures 8 and the resonance portions 8d thereof, for example, the intervals (structure pitches) between adjacent structures 8, may be approximately the same size as the resonance wavelength λ cav, that is, on the order of nanometers. Similarly, the sizes of the structures 8 and the resonance portions 8d are also on the order of nanometers. The structure 8 can be, for example, a fine columnar structure on the order of nanometers.

[0028] In the resonator layer 7, light having the resonance wavelength λ cav cannot exist in the region where the structures 8 are periodically arranged, and can only exist in the resonance portions 8d. The light in the resonator layer 7 is confined to the resonance portions 8d, and an optical resonance effect is obtained.

[0029] Various other known resonator structures other than the photonic crystal structure may be used. Examples of other resonator structures are nanoantenna structures, metasurface structures, and the like. They all have in common with the photonic crystal structure in that they have a structure in which nanostructures are periodically arranged, and thus can be applied to the resonator layer 7 of the display device 1 according to the embodiment.

[0030] The lower electrode 9, the light emitting layer 10, and the upper electrode 11 constitute a self-emitting type light emitting element (light emitting portion). A specific example of such a light emitting element is an LED (Light Emitting Diode). In the example shown in FIG. 2, the lower electrode �, the light emitting layer 10, and the upper electrode 11 constitute an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode). The light emitting layer 10 contains an organic material.

[0031] The lower electrode 9 is provided electrically separated for each pixel 3. The upper electrode 11 is provided commonly over a plurality of pixels 3. By individually controlling the potential of the lower electrode 9 for each pixel 3, the light emission of the light emitting layer 10 can be controlled for each pixel 3. The lower electrode 9 is connected to the peripheral circuit described above via the lower electrode plug �a. The potential of the lower electrode 9 is controlled by the peripheral circuit via the lower electrode plug �a. Note that, depending on the arrangement of the lower electrode plug �a and the like, some of the structures 8 in the resonator layer 7 may be rearranged or removed.

[0032] The sealing layer 12 is provided so as to cover the upper electrode 11. Examples of the material of the sealing layer 12 are resin and the like. The planarization layer 13 is provided so as to cover the sealing layer 12. A material that is easier to planarize than the sealing layer 12 may be selected.

[0033] The color filter layer 14 is provided on the planarization layer 13. The color filter layer 14 includes color filters that allow light of the color of each pixel 3 to pass therethrough for each pixel 3. The color filter provided for pixel 3R is referred to as color filter 14R and is illustrated. The color filter provided for pixel 3G is referred to as color filter 14G and is illustrated. The color filter provided for pixel 3B is referred to as color filter 14B and is illustrated. Various known materials (such as resin, etc.) suitable for allowing light of the target color to pass therethrough may be used.

[0034] The lens layer 15 is provided on the color filter layer 14. The lens layer 15 includes lenses that direct the light output by each pixel 3 (for example, bring the traveling direction of the light closer to the positive Z-axis direction) for each pixel 3. The lens provided for pixel 3R is referred to as lens 15R and is illustrated. The lens provided for pixel 3G is referred to as lens 15G and is illustrated. The lens provided for pixel 3B is referred to as lens 15B and is illustrated. Lenses 15R, 15G, and 15B are also referred to as on-chip lenses (OCL: On Chip Lens), microlenses, etc.

[0035] The resin layer 16 is provided so as to cover the lens layer 15. The counter substrate 17 is provided on the resin layer 16. The surface on the positive Z-axis direction side of the counter substrate 17 is referred to as upper surface 17a and is illustrated.

[0036] In the display device 1 having the above configuration, the light from the light-emitting layer 10 of each pixel 3 finally passes through the color filter layer 14, the lens layer 15, etc., and is output from the upper surface 17a of the counter substrate 17. Here, in each pixel 3, the resonator layer 7 resonates the light from the light-emitting layer 10. By this optical resonance effect, the luminance, color purity, etc. (light-emitting efficiency) of the light output by the pixel 3 can be increased. Also, since the light confined in the resonance portion 8d is extracted and output, the directivity of the light output by the pixel 3 can also be improved. The performance of the display device 1 can be improved.

[0037] In display devices containing multiple pixels, light from one adjacent pixel can leak into another, causing crosstalk. One method to suppress crosstalk is to provide a separation structure, such as a light-shielding wall, between pixels. However, the presence of a physical separation structure reduces resolution and aperture ratio (brightness). According to the disclosed technology, crosstalk is suppressed by designing the resonator layer 7. This will be described in detail below.

[0038] Figure 3 shows an example of the design of the resonator layer 7. Examples of design parameters for the resonator layer 7 include the arrangement period a, the structure width r, and the structure height t. The arrangement period a represents the arrangement period (structure pitch) of the structure 8 in the XY plane. The structure width r represents the length of the structure 8 in the XY plane. If the structure 8 has a circular shape when viewed from above, the structure width r corresponds to the diameter of the structure 8. The structure height t represents the length (thickness) of the structure 8 in the Z-axis direction.

[0039] The resonator layer 7 is designed to have a photonic bandgap (PBG) band and a resonant wavelength λcav (or resonant frequency). Except for light at the resonant wavelength λcav, light in the PBG band cannot exist in the resonator layer 7. Light at the resonant wavelength λcav is confined to the resonant portion 8d in the resonator layer 7.

[0040] The resonant wavelength / resonant frequency is designed by the arrangement period a of the structure 8. Specifically, if the normalized frequency is f and the wavelength of light is λ, the normalized resonant frequency f is expressed as f = a / λ. Once the wavelength λ is determined, the arrangement period a required to obtain the desired normalized resonant frequency f is uniquely determined.

[0041] The PBG bandwidth is designed by adjusting the arrangement period a and the structure width r of the structure 8. For example, when the arrangement period a is constant, the PBG bandwidth narrows as the structure width r decreases, and widens as the structure width r increases. Increasing the arrangement period a results in a longer wavelength PBG bandwidth. Increasing the ratio of the structure width r to the arrangement period a (r / a) results in a wider PBG bandwidth.

[0042] Based on the design principle of the resonator layer 7 described above, the resonator layer 7 of each pixel 3 is designed.

[0043] Figures 4 and 5 show examples of the schematic configuration of the display device 1. Figure 4 schematically shows a part of the pixel region 2 when viewed from above, more specifically the structure 8 and resonant portion 8d in one pixel 3. Figure 5 schematically shows the structure 8 and resonant portion 8d in the pixel 3 when viewed from the side.

[0044] The center of pixel 3 is referred to as the center 30 and illustrated. When viewed from a plan view (viewed in the negative Z-axis direction), the area of ​​pixel 3 is broadly divided into the area including the center 30 of pixel 3 and the edge of pixel 3 and its neighboring area. The former is referred to as the center area 31, and the latter as the edge area 32, and both are illustrated.

[0045] In the central region 31 of the pixel 3, the resonator layer 7 as a whole includes a plurality of structures 8 and one or more resonant portions 8d that are periodically arranged in the planar direction (XY plane direction) of the resonator layer 7. Unless otherwise specified, there is one resonant portion 8d. In this example, when viewed from above, the resonant portion 8d overlaps with the center 30 of the pixel 3.

[0046] In the edge region 32 of the pixel 3, the resonator layer 7 includes a plurality of structures 8 that are periodically arranged in the plane direction (XY plane direction) of the resonator layer 7.

[0047] Hereafter, the structure 8 and resonant portion 8d of the resonator layer 7 in the central region 31 of pixel 3 will also be referred to as the structure 8 of the central region 31, the resonant portion 8d, or simply the central region 31. These terms may be interpreted interchangeably as long as they do not contradict each other. Similarly, the structure 8 of the resonator layer 7 in the edge region 32 of pixel 3 will also be referred to as the structure 8 of the edge region 32, or simply the edge region 32. These terms may be interpreted interchangeably as long as they do not contradict each other.

[0048] In pixel 3, multiple structures 8 in the central region 31, the resonant region 8d, and multiple structures 8 in the edge region 32 are arranged so as to confine the light from the light-emitting layer 10 to the resonant region 8d.

[0049] In the same pixel 3, the structure density in the central region 31 and the structure density in the edge region 32 are different from each other. Structure density is the density of multiple structures 8 in that region. For example, the structure density in the central region 31 is expressed as the ratio of the total area of ​​structures 8 to the central region 31 (resonance portion 8d may be excluded) when viewed from above, or as the ratio of the structure width r to the arrangement period a of structures 8 in the central region 31 (a / r). Similarly, the structure density in the edge region 32 is expressed as the ratio of the total area of ​​structures 8 to the edge region 32 when viewed from above, or as the ratio of the structure width r to the arrangement period a of structures 8 in the edge region 32 (a / r). Unless otherwise specified, the structure density is assumed to be the ratio of the structure width r to the arrangement period a (r / a).

[0050] Figure 6 shows an example of the wavelength characteristics of the resonator layer 7. With wavelength on the horizontal axis, the wavelength components of the colored light output by the pixel 3 are shown by the curve L.

[0051] The PBG band of the central region 31 is referred to as the PBG band p1 and is shown in the figure. The PBG band p1 includes the resonant wavelength λcav. The resonant region 8d forms an energy level within the PBG, and light with a sharp peak centered on the resonant wavelength λcav is extracted (radiated) from there. The PBG band of the edge region 32 is referred to as the PBG band p2 and is shown in the figure.

[0052] The PBG bandwidth p2 includes the PBG bandwidth p1 and is wider than the PBG bandwidth p1 (p1 < p2). In pixel 3, some light travels from the central region 31 towards the edge region 32 (towards the adjacent pixel 3), but if that light is within the PBG bandwidth p2, it is reflected by the edge region 32 and returns to the central region 31, where it is confined in the resonant region 8d. This suppresses light from the central region 31 from leaking beyond the edge region 32 into the adjacent pixel 3, i.e., crosstalk. As the simplest example, let's explain with two adjacent pixels 3.

[0053] Figure 7 shows an example of the schematic configuration of the display device 1. A portion of the pixel area 2, more specifically, two pixels 3 arranged adjacent to each other in the XY plane, are shown. The boundary area between the two pixels 3 is referred to as the boundary area 33 and is shown in the figure. The boundary area 33 corresponds to the area that includes the opposing portions of the respective edge areas 32 of the two pixels 3.

[0054] The two pixels 3 may output light of different colors. In this example, one pixel 3 is pixel 3B, which outputs blue light. The other pixel 3 is pixel 3G, which outputs green light.

[0055] The structural density of the central region 31 of pixel 3B and the structural density of the central region 31 of pixel 3G are different from each other. The structural density of the boundary region 33 is different from the structural density of the central region 31 of both pixel 3B and pixel 3G. More specifically, the structural density of the boundary region 33 is the size between the structural density of the central region 31 of pixel 3B and the structural density of the central region 31 of pixel 3G.

[0056] In pixel 3B, light traveling from the central region 31 towards the edge region 32 (towards pixel 3G) is reflected by the edge region 32 of pixel 3B and returns to the central region 31, where it is confined in the resonant region 8d. This suppresses light leakage from pixel 3B to pixel 3G, i.e., crosstalk.

[0057] In pixel 3G, light traveling from the central region 31 towards the edge region 32 (towards pixel 3G) is reflected by the edge region 32 and returns to the central region 31, where it is confined in the resonant region 8d. This suppresses light leakage from pixel 3G to pixel 3B, i.e., crosstalk.

[0058] Figure 8 shows an example of the wavelength characteristics of the resonator layer 7. The arrangement period a and structure width r of the structure 8 in the central region 31 of pixel 3B are referred to as arrangement period a1 and structure width r1. The arrangement period a and structure width r of the structure 8 in the central region 31 of pixel 3G are referred to as arrangement period a2 and structure width r2.

[0059] The PBG bandwidth p1 of the central region 31 of pixel 3B is expressed as a function of the arrangement period a1 and the structure width r1 (p1 = (a1, r1)). The PBG bandwidth p1 of the central region 31 of pixel 3G is expressed as a function of the arrangement period a2 and the structure width r2 (p1 = (a2, r2)).

[0060] The PBG bandwidth of the boundary region 33 is referred to as the PBG bandwidth p3. The PBG bandwidth p3 is expressed as a function of the arrangement period a and the structure width r of the structure 8 in the boundary region 33. The PBG bandwidth p3 of the boundary region 33 can be designed by changing the structure density (r / a) of the boundary region 33.

[0061] The PBG band p1 of the central region 31 of pixel 3B includes the resonant wavelength λcav, which corresponds to the wavelength of blue light. The PBG band p2 of the central region 31 of pixel 3G includes the resonant wavelength λcav, which corresponds to the wavelength of green light. The PBG band p3 of the boundary region 33 includes both the PBG band p1 of the central region 31 of pixel 3B and the PBG band p1 of the central region 31 of pixel 3G. The center of the PBG band p3 is located between the resonant wavelength λcav of the central region 31 of pixel 3B and the resonant wavelength λcav of the central region 31 of pixel 3G.

[0062] The design of the PBG bandwidth p3 in the boundary region 33 is described below. When the arrangement period a is constant (fixed), as the structure width r increases, the PBG bandwidth p2 widens and the wavelength lengthens (Condition 1). When the structure width r is constant (fixed), as the arrangement period a decreases, the PBG bandwidth p2 widens and the wavelength shortens (Condition 2). If at least one of Condition 1 and Condition 2 is satisfied, a PBG bandwidth p2 wider than PBG bandwidth p1 can be obtained. The boundary region 33 is designed with the following as the starting line (minimum condition): r / a > min(r1 / a1, r2 / a2)

[0063] Figures 9 and 10 show examples of the design of the PBG bandwidth p3 in the boundary region 33. In this example, the arrangement period a and structure width r of the structure 8 in the boundary region 33 are initially set to the arrangement period a2 and structure width r2 of the structure 8 in the central region 31 of the pixels 3G.

[0064] As shown in Figure 9, the arrangement period a of the structure 8 in the boundary region 33 is kept unchanged (fixed at a = a2), while the structure width r is increased. This widens the PBG bandwidth p3 of the boundary region 33 and also lengthens the wavelength.

[0065] As shown in Figure 10, the structural width r of the structure 8 in the boundary region 33 is kept unchanged (r is fixed), and the arrangement period a is reduced. This widens the PBG bandwidth p3 of the boundary region 33 and shortens the wavelength. As a result, wavelength characteristics similar to those in Figure 8, which was explained earlier, are obtained.

[0066] Figure 11 shows an example of the range of the PBG bandwidth p3 in the boundary region 33. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the arrangement period a, and the vertical axis represents the structure width r. The range that the PBG bandwidth p3 is intended to cover is shown by hatching. If a < a2 and r > r1 are generally satisfied, the PBG bandwidth p3 of the boundary region 33 described above can be obtained.

[0067] In the boundary region 33, a planar layout of multiple structures 8 is designed so that a structure density is obtained that is between the structure densities of the central regions 31 of each of the two pixels 3. Several examples of planar layout designs are described with reference to Figures 12 to 15.

[0068] Figures 12 to 15 show examples of planar layout designs. A portion of the pixel region 2, more specifically the boundary region 33 of two adjacent pixels 3 and the periodically arranged structures 8 around it are schematically shown. As mentioned earlier, the structure density of the boundary region 33 is the difference between the structure densities of the central regions 31 of the two pixels 3.

[0069] In the example shown in Figure 12, the structural density in the boundary region 33 is uniform throughout the boundary region 33. Multiple structures 8 having the same area are periodically arranged in the boundary region 33.

[0070] In the examples shown in Figures 13 and 14, the structure density in the boundary region 33 changes in two or more steps as you move from the left (one) pixel 3 to the right (the other) pixel 3; it can also be said that the structure density changes in a gradient.

[0071] More specifically, the structure width r (or structure area) of the central region 31 of the left pixel 3 is larger than the structure width r of the central region 31 of the right pixel 3. In the example shown in Figure 13, the structure width r of the boundary region 33 decreases gradually as it approaches the right pixel 3 from the left pixel 3. In the example shown in Figure 14, the structure width r of the boundary region 33 increases gradually as it approaches the right pixel 3 from the left pixel 3. The planar layout of Figure 14 can also be described as a planar layout that is a reversal (column reversal) of the planar layout of Figure 13 on a column-by-column basis of the structure 8.

[0072] In the example shown in Figure 15, the structure 8 in the boundary region 33 has a shape (overlapping shape) in which the periodic arrangement of multiple structures 8 of each of the two pixels 3 is extended to the edge region 32 of the other pixel 3 and superimposed. For example, the structure 8 in the edge region 32 of the left pixel 3 has a shape in which the periodic arrangement of the structure 8 in the central region 31 of the left pixel 3 is extended to the edge region 32 of the left pixel 3, and the periodic arrangement of the structure 8 in the central region 31 of the right pixel 3 is extended to the edge region 32 of the left pixel 3 and superimposed. The structure 8 in the edge region 32 of the right pixel 3 has a shape in which the periodic arrangement of the structure 8 in the central region 31 of the right pixel 3 is extended to the edge region 32 of the right pixel 3, and the periodic arrangement of the structure 8 in the central region 31 of the left pixel 3 is extended to the edge region 32 of the right pixel 3 and superimposed.

[0073] An example of a method for forming the structure 8 having the overlapping shape described above is as follows: First, a structure is formed in the boundary region 33 according to the periodic arrangement pattern of the structure 8 of one pixel 3. Next, a structure is formed in the boundary region 33 according to the periodic pattern of the structure 8 of the other pixel 3. As a result, the structure 8 having the overlapping shape described above is obtained in the boundary region 33.

[0074] In pixel region 2, multiple pixels 3 are arranged such that adjacent pixel regions 2 have boundary regions 33. Several examples of pixel arrangement (pixel layout) will be explained with reference to Figures 16 to 18.

[0075] Figures 16 to 18 show examples of pixel arrangements. Several layouts are illustrated when using three types of pixels 3: pixel 3R, pixel 3G, and pixel 3B. Each pixel 3 can also be called a subpixel.

[0076] In the example shown in Figure 16, pixels 3R, 3G, and 3B are arranged according to a delta arrangement. In the example shown in Figure 17, pixels 3R, 3G, and 3B are arranged according to a stripe arrangement. In the example shown in Figure 18, pixels 3R, 3G, and 3B are arranged along a pentile arrangement.

[0077] The pixel arrangement is not limited to the one described above; various known pixel arrangements may be used. Furthermore, the light output by pixel 3 is not limited to red, green, and blue light. For example, a pixel arrangement including pixel 3 that outputs white light may be adopted.

[0078] Up to this point, we have described the case in which the resonator layer 7 is located below the light-emitting layer 10 (on the negative Z-axis side), more specifically, between the light-emitting layer 10 and the reflective layer 5. However, the resonator layer 7 may be located at any position within the range in which the resonance effect of the resonator layer 7 can be obtained. Several examples will be described with reference to Figures 19 and 20.

[0079] Figures 19 and 20 show examples of the position of the resonator layer 7 in a laminated structure. In the example shown in Figure 19, the resonator layer 7 is located above the light-emitting layer 10 (in the positive Z-axis direction), that is, on the opposite side from the reflective layer 5 with the light-emitting layer 10 in between. As an example, the structure 8 is located within the sealing layer 12. In the example shown in Figure 20, the resonator layer 7 is located within the light-emitting layer 10.

[0080] The boundary region 33 may be arranged and designed according to the color of light output by each of the two pixels 3 that include the boundary region 33. Several examples will be explained with reference to Figures 21 to 26.

[0081] Figures 21 to 26 show examples of the arrangement and design of the boundary region 33. The first pixel 3, the second pixel 3, and the third pixel 3 are arranged adjacent to each other. The first pixel 3, the second pixel 3, and the third pixel 3 emit light of different colors from each other. Specifically, one pixel 3R, two pixels 3G, and one pixel 3B arranged according to a delta array and a Bayer array are given as examples.

[0082] The boundary regions 33 between pixel 3R and pixel 3G, between pixel 3G and pixel 3B, and between pixel 3B and pixel 3R may be designed individually. For example, the structural density of the boundary region 33 between pixel 3R and pixel 3G, the structural density of the boundary region 33 between pixel 3G and pixel 3B, and the structural density of the boundary region 33 between pixel 3B and pixel 3R may be different from each other.

[0083] In the example shown in Figure 21, the structural density is uniform throughout each boundary region 33. Figure 12, described earlier, is an example. The boundary region 33 of pixel 3R and pixel 3G is designed to suppress crosstalk between red and green light. The boundary region 33 of pixel 3G and pixel 3B is designed to suppress crosstalk between green and blue light. The boundary region 33 of pixel 3B and pixel 3R is designed to suppress crosstalk between blue and red light.

[0084] In the example shown in Figure 22, the structural density of the boundary region 33 between pixels 3R ​​and 3B changes in steps as you move from one pixel 3 to the other. The edge region 32 of pixel 3R in the boundary region 33 is referred to as edge region 32RB and is illustrated in the figure. The edge region 32 of pixel 3B in the boundary region 33 is referred to as edge region 32BR and is illustrated in the figure.

[0085] Edge regions 32RB and 32BR have different structural densities. As a result, the structural density of the boundary region 33 between pixels 3R ​​and 3B changes in two stages. Figure 13, described earlier, is one example.

[0086] Furthermore, the structural density of the boundary region 33 between pixel 3R and pixel 3G is of one type, and can be said to change in a single step. The same applies to the boundary region 33 between pixel 3G and pixel 3B.

[0087] Because the wavelength difference between the red light emitted by pixel 3R and the blue light emitted by pixel 3B is large, if the structure density of the boundary region 33 is only one type (a uniform structure density throughout), crosstalk may not be sufficiently suppressed. By changing the structure density of the boundary region 33 in two stages using two types of structure densities, edge region 32RB and edge region 32BR, the crosstalk suppression effect can be enhanced.

[0088] The boundary region 33 between pixel 3R and pixel 3G may be designed in the same manner. The boundary region 33 between pixel 3G and pixel 3B may also be designed in the same manner.

[0089] In the example shown in Figure 23, the PBG band p2 of the edge region 32 is optimized for each pixel 3. The PBG band p2 of the edge region 32 of pixel 3R includes the wavelength band of red light. Crosstalk of red light is suppressed. The PBG band p2 of the edge region 32 of pixel 3G includes the wavelength band of green light. Crosstalk of green light is suppressed. The PBG band p2 of the edge region 32 of pixel 3B includes the wavelength band of blue light. Crosstalk of blue light is suppressed. The structural density of the boundary region 33 changes in two stages.

[0090] In the example shown in Figure 24, the edge regions 32 of two adjacent pixels 3 are extended to the edge region 32 of the other pixel 3. One example is Figure 15, which was described earlier, in which the structure 8 of the boundary region 33 has a shape in which the structures 8 of the two pixels 3 are superimposed (overlapped) by extending and periodically arranging them.

[0091] In the example shown in Figure 25, the structural density of the boundary region 33 between two adjacent pixels 3 changes in three or more steps as you move from one pixel 3 to the other.

[0092] Specifically, the edge region 32 of pixel 3 includes two regions. The first region is referred to as edge region 32-1 and is illustrated. The second region is referred to as edge region 32-2 and is illustrated. Edge region 32-1 is the region in edge region 32 adjacent to the central region 31. Edge region 32-2 is the region located on the opposite side of edge region 32 from the central region 31.

[0093] In the same pixel 3, the structure density of edge region 32-1 and the structure density of edge region 32-2 are different from each other. The structure density of edge region 32-1 may be between the size of the structure density of central region 31 and the structure density of edge region 32-2. The PBG of edge region 32-1 may have an area between the PBG of central region 31 and the PBG of edge region 32-2.

[0094] Moving from one pixel 3 to the other pixel 3, the edge regions 32-1 and 32-2 of the first pixel 3, and the edge regions 32-2 and 32-1 of the second pixel 3 are located in this order. The structural density of the boundary region 33 changes in three or more steps as you move from one pixel 3 to the other pixel 3. This further enhances the crosstalk suppression effect.

[0095] In the example shown in Figure 26, the central region 31 of each pixel 3 is designed to be as wide as possible. The structure 8 of the boundary region 33 has a shape in which the structures 8 of two pixels 3 are superimposed (overlapped) in an extended periodic arrangement, as described earlier in Figure 15.

[0096] 2. The technologies disclosed in modified forms are not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in the above embodiments, the case in which the pixel region 2 includes a plurality of pixels 3 that output light of different colors from each other was described as an example. However, all pixels 3 may output light of the same color. Even in this case, the problem of crosstalk may occur, so crosstalk can be suppressed by providing a boundary region 33. An example will be described with reference to Figure 27.

[0097] Figure 27 shows a modified example. Pixel region 2 contains only pixels 3 that output light of the same color. As an example, a case is shown where pixel 3 is a pixel 3G that outputs green light. The structural density of the central region 31 of each pixel 3G may be the same, and the structural density of the edge region 32 may also be the same. Crosstalk is suppressed by the boundary region 33 of two adjacent pixels 3G.

[0098] 3. Other Modifications 3.1 Modification 1 As another modification of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a modification concerning the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part (corresponding to pixel 3 in the previous embodiment), the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens structure (corresponding to lenses 15R, 15G, and 15B in the previous embodiment), and the normal vector LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection part (corresponding to color filters 14R, 14G, and 14B in the previous embodiment) will be described with reference to Figures 28A to 28G. Figures 28A to 28G are conceptual diagrams for explaining the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, and the normal vector LN" passing through the center of the wavelength selection part.

[0099] In embodiments of this disclosure, the size of the wavelength selection area may be appropriately changed in response to the light emitted from the pixel 3. Furthermore, if a light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) is provided between the wavelength selection areas of adjacent pixels 3, the size of the light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) may be appropriately changed in response to the light emitted from the pixel 3. In addition, the size of the wavelength selection area may be determined by the distance (offset amount) d between the normal vector passing through the center of the pixel 3 and the normal vector passing through the center of the wavelength selection area. ０ Depending on the circumstances, it may be changed as appropriate. The planar shape of the wavelength selection section may be the same as, similar to, or different from the planar shape of the lens element.

[0100] For example, as shown in Figure 28A, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection part, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member may be made to coincide. In other words, the distance (offset amount) D between the normal vector passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector passing through the center of the lens member. ０ The distance (offset amount) d between the normal vector passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part. ０ This is equivalent to 0 (zero).

[0101] Furthermore, for example, as shown in Figure 28B, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part coincide, but the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part do not have to coincide with the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member. In other words, D ０≠d ０ It may also be = 0.

[0102] Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 28C, the normal line LN passing through the center of the light emitting part, the normal line LN” passing through the center of the wavelength selection part, and the normal line LN’ passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide with each other, and the normal line LN” passing through the center of the wavelength selection part and the normal line LN’ passing through the center of the lens member may coincide with each other. In other words, D ０ = d ０ It may also be > 0.

[0103] Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 28D, the normal line LN passing through the center of the light emitting part, the normal line LN” passing through the center of the wavelength selection part, and the normal line LN’ passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide with each other, and the normal line LN’ passing through the center of the lens member may not coincide with the normal line LN passing through the center of the surface of the light emitting part and the normal line LN” passing through the center of the wavelength selection part. Here, it is preferable that the center of the wavelength selection part (indicated by a black circle in FIG. 28D) is located on the straight line LL connecting the center of the surface of the light emitting part and the center of the lens member (indicated by a black circle in FIG. 28D). Specifically, the distance from the center of the surface of the light emitting part in the thickness direction to the center of the wavelength selection part is LL １ , and the distance from the center of the wavelength selection part in the thickness direction to the center of the lens member is LL ２ When this is the case, D ０ > d ０ > 0, and considering the manufacturing variations, d ０ : D ０ = LL １ : (LL １ + LL ２ ) is preferably satisfied.

[0104] Further, the lamination relationship between the wavelength tip part and the lens member may be interchanged. In such a case, for example, as shown in FIG. 28E, the normal line LN passing through the center of the light emitting part, the normal line LN” passing through the center of the wavelength selection part, and the normal line LN’ passing through the center of the lens member may be made to coincide with each other. In other words, D ０ = d ０ It may also be = 0.

[0105] Furthermore, for example, as shown in Figure 28F, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide, but the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member may coincide. In other words, D ０ = d ０ It can also be 0.

[0106] Furthermore, as shown in the conceptual diagram Figure 28G, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the surface of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member does not coincide with the normal vector LN passing through the center of the surface of the light-emitting part and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part. Here, it is preferable that the center of the wavelength-selecting part is located on the straight line LL connecting the center of the surface of the light-emitting part and the center of the lens member. Specifically, the distance from the center of the surface of the light-emitting part in the thickness direction to the center of the wavelength-selecting part (shown as a black circle in Figure 28G) is LL. １ The distance from the center of the wavelength selection area in the thickness direction to the center of the lens member (shown as a black circle in Figure 28G) is LL ２ When that happens, d ０ >D ０ > 0, and considering manufacturing variations, D ０ :d ０ =LL ２ : (LL １ +LL ２ It is preferable that the following conditions be satisfied.

[0107] 3.2 Modification 2 The subpixel 1100 (corresponding to the pixel 3 in the previous embodiment) used in the display device 1 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure described above may be configured to have a resonator structure (microcavity structure) that resonates the light generated in the light-emitting layer. The above resonator structure will be described below with reference to Figures 29 to 35. Figure 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a first example of the resonator structure, Figure 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a second example of the resonator structure, and Figure 31 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a third example of the resonator structure. Furthermore, Figure 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a fourth example of the resonator structure, and Figure 33 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a fifth example of the resonator structure. Furthermore, Figure 34 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a sixth example of the resonator structure, and Figure 35 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a seventh example of the resonator structure.

[0108] (Resonator structure: First example) Figure 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the first example of a resonator structure. In the first example, the first electrode (corresponding to the lower electrode 9 in the previous embodiment) 1202 is formed with a common film thickness in each subpixel 1100. The same applies to the second electrode (corresponding to the upper electrode 11 in the previous embodiment) 1206.

[0109] As shown in Figure 29, a reflector (corresponding to the reflective layer 5 in the previous embodiment) 1401 is placed below the first electrode 1202 of the subpixel 1100, with an optical adjustment layer (corresponding to the adjustment layer 6 in the previous embodiment) 1402 sandwiched in between. A resonator structure is formed between the reflector 1401 and the second electrode 1206, causing the light generated by the organic layer (corresponding to the light-emitting layer 10 in the previous embodiment) 1204 to resonate.

[0110] The reflector 1401 is formed with a common film thickness for each subpixel 1100. The film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 1402 differs depending on the color that the subpixel 1100 is to display. By having optical adjustment layers 1402R, 1402G, and 1402B with different film thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0111] In the example shown in Figure 29, the upper surfaces of the reflectors 1401 for subpixels 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B are aligned. As described above, the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 1402 differs depending on the color that the subpixel 1100 should display, so the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 1206 differs depending on the type of subpixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B.

[0112] The reflector 1401 can be formed using, for example, a metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu), or an alloy mainly composed of these metals.

[0113] The optical adjustment layer 1402 can be constructed using inorganic insulating materials such as silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), or silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), or organic resin materials such as acrylic resin or polyimide resin. The optical adjustment layer 1402 may be a single layer or a laminated film of multiple materials. Furthermore, the number of layers may vary depending on the type of subpixel 1100.

[0114] The first electrode 1202 can be formed using, for example, a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0115] The second electrode 1206 preferably functions as a semi-transparent reflective film. The second electrode 1206 can be formed using magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or a magnesium-silver alloy (MgAg) mainly composed of these, or an alloy containing alkali metals or alkaline earth metals.

[0116] (Resonator structure: Second example) Figure 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a second example of the resonator structure. In this second example as well, the first electrode 1202 and the second electrode 1206 are formed with a common film thickness in each subpixel 1100.

[0117] In the second example as well, a reflector 1401 is placed beneath the first electrode 1202 of the subpixel 1100, with an optical adjustment layer 1402 in between. A resonator structure is formed between the reflector 1401 and the second electrode 1206 to resonate the light generated by the organic layer 1204. Similar to the first example, the reflector 1401 is formed with a common film thickness for each subpixel 1100, while the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 1402 differs according to the color that the subpixel 1100 should display.

[0118] In the first example shown in Figure 29, the upper surfaces of the reflectors 1401 for subpixels 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B were aligned, while the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 1206 differed depending on the type of subpixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B.

[0119] In contrast, in the second example shown in Figure 30, the upper surface of the second electrode 1206 is arranged to align with the subpixels 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B. In order to align the upper surfaces of the second electrode 1206, the upper surface of the reflector 1401 is arranged differently for the subpixels 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B, depending on the type of subpixel. As a result, the lower surface of the reflector 1401 has a stepped shape depending on the type of subpixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B.

[0120] The materials and other components constituting the reflector 1401, the optical adjustment layer 1402, the first electrode 1202, and the second electrode 1206 are the same as those described in the first example, so their explanation will be omitted.

[0121] (Resonator structure: Third example) Figure 31 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a third example of the resonator structure. In this third example as well, the first electrode 1202 and the second electrode 1206 are formed with a common film thickness in each subpixel 1100.

[0122] In the third example, the reflector 1401 is positioned below the first electrode 1202 of the subpixel 1100, with the optical adjustment layer 1402 in between. A resonator structure is formed between the reflector 1401 and the second electrode 1206 to resonate the light generated by the organic layer 1204. Similar to the first and second examples, the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 1402 varies depending on the color that the subpixel 1100 should display. And, similar to the second example, the upper surface of the second electrode 1206 is positioned so that it aligns with the subpixels 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B.

[0123] In the second example shown in Figure 30, the lower surface of the reflector 1401 had a stepped shape corresponding to the type of sub-pixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B in order to align the upper surface of the second electrode 1206.

[0124] In contrast, in the third example shown in Figure 31, the film thickness of the reflector 1401 is set to differ depending on the type of sub-pixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B. More specifically, the film thickness is set so that the lower surfaces of the reflectors 1401R, 1401G, and 1401B are aligned.

[0125] The materials and other components constituting the reflector 1401, the optical adjustment layer 1402, the first electrode 1202, and the second electrode 1206 are the same as those described in the first example, so their explanation will be omitted.

[0126] (Resonator structure: 4th example) Figure 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the 4th example of a resonator structure.

[0127] In the first example shown in Figure 29, the first electrode 1202 and the second electrode 1206 of the subpixel 1100 are formed with a common film thickness. A reflector 1401 is placed below the first electrode 1202 of the subpixel 1100, with an optical adjustment layer 1402 in between.

[0128] In contrast, in the fourth example shown in Figure 32, the optical adjustment layer 1402 is omitted, and the film thickness of the first electrode 1202 is set to differ depending on the type of subpixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B.

[0129] The reflector 1401 is formed with a common film thickness for each subpixel 1100. The film thickness of the first electrode 1202 differs depending on the color that the subpixel 1100 is to display. By having the first electrodes 1202R, 1202G, and 1202B have different film thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0130] The materials and other components constituting the reflector 1401, the first electrode 1202, and the second electrode 1206 are the same as those described in the first example, so their explanation will be omitted.

[0131] (Resonator structure: Fifth example) Figure 33 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the fifth example of a resonator structure.

[0132] In the first example shown in Figure 29, the first electrode 1202 and the second electrode 1206 are formed with a common film thickness in each subpixel 1100. A reflector 1401 is placed below the first electrode 1202 of the subpixel 1100, with an optical adjustment layer 1402 in between.

[0133] In contrast, in the fifth example shown in Figure 33, the optical adjustment layer 1402 was omitted, and instead, an oxide film 1404 was formed on the surface of the reflector 1401. The thickness of the oxide film 1404 was set to differ depending on the type of subpixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B.

[0134] The thickness of the oxide film 1404 varies depending on the color that the subpixel 1100 is to display. By having oxide films 1404R, 1404G, and 1404B with different thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0135] The oxide film 1404 is a film obtained by oxidizing the surface of the reflector 1401, and is composed of, for example, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc. The oxide film 1404 functions as an insulating film for adjusting the optical path length (optical distance) between the reflector 1401 and the second electrode 1206.

[0136] The oxide film 1404, which has a different thickness depending on the type of subpixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B, can be formed, for example, as follows.

[0137] First, the container is filled with electrolyte, and the substrate on which the reflector 1401 is formed is immersed in the electrolyte. Then, electrodes are positioned opposite the reflector 1401.

[0138] Then, a positive voltage is applied to the reflector 1401 with the electrode as the reference, and the reflector 1401 is anodized. The thickness of the oxide film formed by anodization is proportional to the voltage value applied to the electrode. Therefore, anodization is performed on each of the reflectors 1401R, 1401G, and 1401B with a voltage corresponding to the type of sub-pixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B applied. This makes it possible to form oxide films 1404 of different thicknesses all at once.

[0139] The materials and other components constituting the reflector 1401, the first electrode 1202, and the second electrode 1206 are the same as those described in the first example, so their explanation will be omitted.

[0140] (Resonator Structure: Sixth Example) Figure 34 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the sixth example of a resonator structure. In the sixth example, the subpixel 1100 is constructed by stacking a first electrode 1202, an organic layer 1204, and a second electrode 1206. However, in the sixth example, the first electrode 1202 is formed to serve both as an electrode and a reflector. The first electrode (and reflector) 1202 is made of a material having optical constants selected according to the type of subpixel 1100R, 1100G, and 1100B. By different phase shifts caused by the first electrode (and reflector) 1202, it is possible to set an optical distance that produces optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0141] The first electrode (and reflector) 1202 can be made from a single metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), or copper (Cu), or from an alloy mainly composed of these metals. For example, the first electrode (and reflector) 1202R of the subpixel 1100R can be made of copper (Cu), and the first electrode (and reflector) 1202G of the subpixel 1100G and the first electrode (and reflector) 1202B of the subpixel 1100B can be made of aluminum.

[0142] The materials and other components constituting the second electrode 1206 are the same as those described in the first example, so their explanation will be omitted.

[0143] (Resonator Structure: Seventh Example) Figure 35 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the seventh example of the resonator structure. The seventh example basically applies the sixth example to subpixels 1100R and 1100G, and the first example to subpixel 1100B. In this configuration as well, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces optimal resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0144] The first electrodes (which also serve as reflectors) 1202R and 1202G used in the sub-pixels 1100R and 1100G can be made from elemental metals such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu), or alloys in which these metals are the main components.

[0145] The materials and other components constituting the reflector 1401B, optical adjustment layer 1402B, and first electrode 1202B used in the subpixel 1100B are the same as those described in the first example, so their explanation will be omitted.

[0146] 4. Examples of Application For example, the technology relating to this disclosure may be applied to the display units of various electronic devices. Therefore, examples of electronic devices to which this technology can be applied will be described below.

[0147] (Specific Example 1) Figure 36A is a front view showing an example of the external appearance of the digital still camera 500, and Figure 36B is a rear view showing an example of the external appearance of the digital still camera 500. This digital still camera 500 is a single-lens reflex type with interchangeable lenses, and has an interchangeable shooting lens unit (interchangeable lens) 512 located approximately in the center of the front of the camera body 511, and a grip portion 513 for the photographer to hold on the left side of the front.

[0148] A monitor 514 is provided on the back of the camera body 511, slightly to the left of the center. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece) 515 is provided above the monitor 514. The photographer can determine the composition by looking through the electronic viewfinder 515 and visually confirming the light image of the subject guided by the shooting lens unit 512. The display device 1 according to the embodiment of this disclosure can be used as the monitor 514 and the electronic viewfinder 515.

[0149] (Specific Example 2) Figure 37 is an external view of a head-mounted display 600. The head-mounted display 600 has, for example, an eyeglass-shaped display unit 611 and ear hooks 612 on both sides for attachment to the user's head. In this head-mounted display 600, the display device 1 according to the embodiment of this disclosure can be used as the display unit 611.

[0150] (Specific Example 3) Figure 38 is an external view of the see-through head-mounted display 634. The see-through head-mounted display 634 consists of a main body 632, an arm 633, and a lens barrel 631.

[0151] The main body 632 is connected to the arm 633 and the eyeglasses 630. Specifically, the long end of the main body 632 is connected to the arm 633, and one side of the main body 632 is connected to the eyeglasses 630 via a connecting member. The main body 632 may also be directly attached to the head of a person.

[0152] The main body 632 houses a control board for controlling the operation of the see-through head-mounted display 634 and a display unit. The arm 633 connects the main body 632 to the lens barrel 631 and supports the lens barrel 631. Specifically, the arm 633 is connected to the end of the main body 632 and the end of the lens barrel 631, respectively, and fixes the lens barrel 631 in place. The arm 633 also houses signal lines for communicating image-related data provided from the main body 632 to the lens barrel 631.

[0153] The lens barrel 631 projects image light, provided from the main body 632 via the arm 633, through the eyepiece lens towards the eyes of the user wearing the see-through head-mounted display 634. In this see-through head-mounted display 634, the display device 1 according to the embodiment of this disclosure can be used in the display section of the main body 632.

[0154] (Specific Example 4) Figure 39 shows an example of the appearance of a television device 710. This television device 710 has, for example, a video display screen section 711 including a front panel 712 and a filter glass 713, and this video display screen section 711 is configured with a display device 1 according to the embodiment of this disclosure.

[0155] (Specific Example 5) Figure 40 shows an example of the appearance of a smartphone 800. The smartphone 800 has a display unit 802 that displays various information, and an operation unit consisting of buttons, etc. that accept user input. The display unit 802 may be the display device 1 according to this embodiment.

[0156] (Specific Example 6) Figures 41A and 41B show the internal configuration of an automobile having a display device 1 according to the embodiment of this disclosure as a display device. More specifically, Figure 41A shows the interior of the automobile from the rear to the front, and Figure 41B shows the interior of the automobile from the diagonally rear to the diagonally front.

[0157] The automobile shown in Figures 41A and 41B includes a center display 911, a console display 912, a head-up display 913, a digital rear mirror 914, a steering wheel display 915, and a rear entertainment display 916. Some or all of these displays can be fitted with the display device 1 according to the embodiment of this disclosure.

[0158] The center display 911 is located on the center console 907, facing the driver's seat 901 and the passenger seat 902. Figures 30A and 30B show an example of a horizontally elongated center display 911 extending from the driver's seat 901 to the passenger seat 902, but the screen size and location of the center display 911 are arbitrary. The center display 911 can display information detected by various sensors (not shown). As a specific example, the center display 911 can display images captured by an image sensor, distance images to obstacles in front of or to the side of the vehicle measured by a ToF (Time of Flight) sensor, and the body temperature of passengers detected by an infrared sensor. The center display 911 can be used to display at least one of the following: safety-related information, operation-related information, life logs, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information.

[0159] Safety-related information includes information such as drowsiness detection, distraction detection, detection of mischief by a passenger, seatbelt fastening status, and detection of an unattended occupant. This information is detected, for example, by a sensor (not shown) placed on top of the back of the center display 911. Operation-related information is detected by sensing occupant gestures using sensors. The detected gestures may include the operation of various equipment in the vehicle. For example, the sensors detect the operation of air conditioning equipment, navigation systems, AV (Audio / Visual) systems, lighting systems, etc. Life logs include the life logs of all occupants. For example, life logs include records of each occupant's actions while riding in the vehicle. By acquiring and saving life logs, it is possible to confirm the state of the occupants at the time of an accident. Health-related information is detected by sensing the occupant's body temperature using a temperature sensor and inferring the occupant's health status based on the detected body temperature. Alternatively, the occupant's face may be captured using an image sensor, and the occupant's health status may be inferred from the facial expression captured. Furthermore, the system may engage in automated voice conversations with the occupants and infer their health status based on their responses. Authentication / identification-related information includes keyless entry functions that use sensors for facial recognition, and functions that automatically adjust seat height and position based on facial recognition. Entertainment-related information includes functions that use sensors to detect information on how the occupants operate the AV equipment, and functions that use sensors to recognize the occupants' faces and provide content suitable for the occupants through the AV equipment.

[0160] The console display 912 can be used, for example, to display life log information. The console display 912 is located near the shift lever 908 on the center console 907 between the driver's seat 901 and the passenger seat 902. The console display 912 can also display information detected by various sensors (not shown). In addition, the console display 912 may display an image of the area around the vehicle captured by an image sensor, or it may display an image showing the distance to obstacles around the vehicle.

[0161] The head-up display 913 is virtually displayed behind the windshield 904 in front of the driver's seat 901. The head-up display 913 can be used to display at least one of the following: safety-related information, operation-related information, life logs, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. Because the head-up display 913 is often virtually positioned in front of the driver's seat 901, it is suitable for displaying information directly related to the operation of the vehicle, such as the vehicle's speed and fuel (battery) level.

[0162] The digital rearview mirror 914 can not only display what is behind the vehicle, but also what is happening to the passengers in the rear seat. By placing a sensor (not shown) on top of the back of the digital rearview mirror 914, it can be used, for example, to display life log information.

[0163] The steering wheel display 915 is positioned near the center of the steering wheel 906 of the automobile. The steering wheel display 915 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, because the steering wheel display 915 is located near the driver's hands, it is suitable for displaying life log information such as the driver's body temperature, or information related to the operation of AV equipment, air conditioning equipment, etc.

[0164] The rear entertainment display 916 is mounted on the back of the driver's seat 901 and the passenger seat 902, and is intended for viewing by rear-seat passengers. The rear entertainment display 916 can be used to display at least one of the following: safety-related information, operation-related information, life logs, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, because the rear entertainment display 916 is in front of the rear-seat passengers, it displays information relevant to the rear-seat passengers. For example, it may display information related to the operation of AV equipment or air conditioning equipment, or it may display the results of measurements of the rear-seat passengers' body temperature etc., taken by a temperature sensor (not shown).

[0165] 5. Summary The technology described above can be identified, for example, as follows: One of the disclosed technologies is a display device 1. As described with reference to Figures 1 to 8 and Figures 12 to 27, the display device 1 comprises a plurality of pixels 3, each of which outputs light of a corresponding color. Each of the plurality of pixels 3 includes a light-emitting layer 10 and a resonator layer 7 that resonates the light of the color of the pixel 3 from the light-emitting layer 10. In the central region 31 of each of the plurality of pixels 3, the resonator layer 7 includes a plurality of structures 8 and one or more resonant parts 8d that are periodically arranged in the plane direction (XY plane direction) of the resonator layer 7 as a whole. In the edge region 32 of each of the plurality of pixels 3, the resonator layer 7 includes a plurality of structures 8 that are periodically arranged in the plane direction of the resonator layer 7. In each of the plurality of pixels 3, the plurality of structures 8 in the central region 31, the one or more resonant parts 8d, and the plurality of structures 8 in the edge region 32 are arranged so as to confine the light from the light-emitting layer 10 to one or more resonant parts 8d. The structural density of the central region 31 and the structural density of the edge region 32 are different from each other. The structural density of the central region 31 is expressed as the ratio of the total area of ​​the structure 8 to the central region 31 when viewed in plan (viewed in the Z-axis direction), or as the ratio of the structural width r to the arrangement period a of the structure 8 in the central region 31 (r / a). The structural density of the edge region 32 may be expressed as the ratio of the total area of ​​the structure 8 to the edge region 32 when viewed in plan, or as the ratio of the structural width r to the arrangement period a of the structure 8 in the edge region 32 (r / a). As explained with reference to Figure 6, etc., the central region 31 has a PBG band p1 that includes the resonant wavelength λcav, and the edge region 32 has a PBG band p2. The PBG band p2 of the edge region includes the PBG band p1 of the central region 31 and may be wider than the PBG band p1 of the central region 31.

[0166] According to the above-described display device 1, it is possible to suppress crosstalk, which is the leakage of light from the central region 31 of a pixel 3 beyond the edge region 32 into the adjacent pixel 3.

[0167] As explained with reference to Figures 1, 2, 7, 8, and 12, a plurality of pixels 3 includes two adjacent pixels 3, the boundary region 33 of the two pixels 3 includes the opposing portions of the respective edge regions 32 of the two pixels 3, and the structural density of the boundary region 33 may be different from the structural density of the respective central regions 31 of the two pixels 3. The structural density of the central region 31 of one of the two pixels 3 is different from the structural density of the central region 31 of the other pixel 3, and the structural density of the boundary region 33 may be between the structural density of the central region 31 of one pixel 3 and the structural density of the central region 31 of the other pixel 3. The two pixels 3 output light of different colors, and the PBG band p3 of the boundary region 33 may include both the PBG band p1 of the central region 31 of one pixel 3 and the PBG band p1 of the central region 31 of the other pixel 3. For example, by designing the boundary region 33 between two pixels 3 in this way, crosstalk can be suppressed.

[0168] As explained with reference to Figures 13 and 14, the structure density of the boundary region 33 may change in two or more steps as you move from one pixel 3 to the other pixel 3. As explained with reference to Figure 15, the structure of the boundary region 33 may have a shape in which the periodic arrangement of multiple structures 8 of each of the two pixels 3 is extended to the edge region 32 of the other pixel 3 and superimposed. Crosstalk can also be suppressed by designing the boundary region 33 to have such a planar layout, for example.

[0169] As explained with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 21-27, the plurality of pixels 3 include a first pixel, a second pixel, and a third pixel (for example, a pixel 3R that outputs red light, a pixel 3G that outputs green light, and a pixel 3B that outputs blue light) that are arranged adjacent to each other, and the structural density of the boundary region 33 between the first pixel 3 and the second pixel 3, the structural density of the boundary region 33 between the second pixel 3 and the third pixel 3, and the structural density of the boundary region 33 between the third pixel 3 and the first pixel 3 may be different from each other. This makes it possible to suppress crosstalk between the three pixels 3. In this case, as explained with reference to Figure 22, the structural density of the boundary region 33 between the first pixel 3 that outputs red light (pixel 3R) and the third pixel (pixel 3B) that outputs blue light may change in two or more steps as you move from one pixel 3 to the other pixel 3. This makes it possible to sufficiently suppress crosstalk between two adjacent pixels 3 even when there is a large difference in the wavelength of the light they output.

[0170] As explained with reference to Figure 25, etc., the edge region 32 includes an edge region 32-1 (first edge region) adjacent to the central region 31, and an edge region 32-2 (second edge region) located on the opposite side of the central region 31, with edge region 32-1 (first edge region) in between. The structure density of edge region 32-1 (first edge region) and the structure density of edge region 32-2 (second edge region) are different from each other, and the structure density of the boundary region 33 may change in three or more steps as you move from one pixel 3 to the other. This further enhances the crosstalk suppression effect. The structure density of edge region 32-1 may be between the structure density of the central region 31 and the structure density of edge region 32-2.

[0171] As explained with reference to Figure 2, the resonator layer 7 is a photonic crystal layer, and the multiple structures 8 have different refractive indices from other parts of the photonic crystal layer, and one or more resonant parts 8d may have the same refractive index as the other parts, or may include a part with the same refractive index as the other parts and a part located around it that has the same refractive index as the structure 8. For example, by using such a photonic crystal layer as the resonator layer 7, crosstalk can be suppressed.

[0172] As explained with reference to Figures 16 to 18, the multiple pixels 3 may be arranged along one of the following arrays: delta array, stripe array, or pentile array. Crosstalk can be suppressed in various pixel arrangements (pixel layouts).

[0173] The resonator layer 7 can be provided at various locations within the display device 1. For example, as shown in Figure 2, the resonator layer 7 may be provided between the light-emitting layer 10 and the reflective layer 5. As shown in Figure 19, the resonator layer 7 may be provided on the opposite side of the reflective layer 5, with the light-emitting layer 10 in between. As shown in Figure 20, the resonator layer 7 may be provided within the light-emitting layer 10.

[0174] The effects described in this disclosure are merely illustrative and not limited to those disclosed. Other effects may also occur.

[0175] While embodiments of this disclosure have been described above, the technical scope of this disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of this disclosure. Furthermore, components from different embodiments and modifications may be combined as appropriate.

[0176] Furthermore, this technology can also take the following configuration: (1) A display device comprising a plurality of pixels, each outputting light of a corresponding color, each of the plurality of pixels comprising: an emissive layer and a resonator layer that resonates the light of the pixel's color from the emissive layer, the resonator layer comprising, as a whole, a plurality of structures periodically arranged in the plane direction of the resonator layer and one or more resonant parts in the central region of each of the plurality of pixels, the resonator layer comprising a plurality of structures periodically arranged in the plane direction of the resonator layer, the plurality of structures in the central region, the one or more resonant parts, and the plurality of structures in the edge region being arranged in each of the plurality of pixels such that the light from the emissive layer is confined to the one or more resonant parts, and the structure density in the central region and the structure density in the edge region are different from each other. (2) The display device according to (1), wherein the structural density of the central region is expressed as the ratio of the total area of ​​the structures to the central region when viewed from above, or the ratio of the width of the structures to the arrangement period of the structures in the central region, and the structural density of the edge region is expressed as the ratio of the total area of ​​the structures to the edge region when viewed from above, or the ratio of the width of the structures to the arrangement period of the structures in the edge region. (3) The display device according to (1) or (2), wherein the central region has a PBG (photonic bandgap) band including the resonant wavelength, the edge region has a PBG band, and the PBG band of the edge region includes the PBG band of the central region and is wider than the PBG band of the central region. (4) The display device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the plurality of pixels include two pixels arranged adjacent to each other, the boundary region of the two pixels includes opposing portions of the edge regions of each of the two pixels, and the structural density of the boundary region is different from the structural density of the central region of each of the two pixels.(5) The display device according to (4), wherein the structural density of the central region of one of the two pixels is different from the structural density of the central region of the other pixel, and the structural density of the boundary region is the size between the structural density of the central region of the one pixel and the structural density of the central region of the other pixel. (6) The display device according to (4) or (5), wherein the central region has a PBG band including the resonant wavelength, the boundary region has a PBG band, the two pixels output light of different colors, and the PBG band of the boundary region includes both the PBG band of the central region of one pixel and the PBG band of the central region of the other pixel. (7) The display device according to any one of (4) to (6), wherein the structural density of the boundary region changes in two or more steps from one pixel to the other pixel. (8) The display device according to any one of (4) to (7), wherein the structure in the boundary region has a shape in which the periodic arrangement of a plurality of structures of each of the two pixels is extended to the edge region of the other pixel and superimposed. (9) The display device according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the plurality of pixels include a first pixel, a second pixel and a third pixel arranged adjacent to each other, and the structure density of the boundary region of the first pixel and the second pixel, the structure density of the boundary region of the second pixel and the third pixel and the structure density of the boundary region of the third pixel and the first pixel are different from each other. (10) The display device according to (9), wherein each of the first pixel, the second pixel and the third pixel outputs light of a different color from each other. (11) The display device according to (10), wherein the first pixel outputs red light, the second pixel outputs green light, and the third pixel outputs blue light. (12) The display device according to (11), wherein the structural density of the boundary region between the first pixel that outputs red light and the third pixel that outputs blue light changes in two or more steps as you move from one pixel to the other.(13) The edge region includes a first edge region adjacent to the central region and a second edge region located on the opposite side of the central region, with the first edge region in between, the structural density of the first edge region and the structural density of the second edge region being different from each other, and the structural density of the boundary region changing in three or more steps from one pixel to the other, the display device according to any one of (4) to (11). (14) The structural density of the first edge region is the size between the structural density of the central region and the structural density of the second edge region, the display device according to (13). (15) The resonator layer is a photonic crystal layer, the plurality of structures have a different refractive index from other parts of the photonic crystal layer, and one or more resonant parts have the same refractive index as the other parts, or include a part having the same refractive index as the other parts and a part located around it that has the same refractive index as the structure, the display device according to any one of (1) to (14). (16) The display device according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein in the resonator layer, the plurality of structures have the same height. (17) The display device according to any one of (1) to (16), wherein the plurality of pixels are arranged along an array of delta, stripe, and pentile. (18) The display device according to any one of (1) to (17), comprising a reflective layer that reflects light from the light-emitting layer, wherein the resonator layer is provided between the light-emitting layer and the reflective layer. (19) The display device according to any one of (1) to (17), comprising a reflective layer that reflects light from the light-emitting layer, wherein the resonator layer is provided on the opposite side of the light-emitting layer from the reflective layer. (20) The display device according to any one of (1) to (17), wherein the resonator layer is provided within the light-emitting layer.

[0177] 1 Display device 2 Pixel area 3 Pixel 3R Pixel 3G Pixel 3B Pixel 4 Substrate 5 Reflection layer 6 Adjustment layer 7 Resonator layer 8 Structure 8d Resonant part 9 Lower electrode 9a Lower electrode plug 10 Light-emitting layer 11 Upper electrode 12 Sealing layer 13 Planarization layer 14 Color filter layer 14R Color filter 14G Color filter 14B Color filter 15 Lens layer 15R Lens 15G Lens 15B Lens 16 Resin layer 17 Opposing substrate 17a Top surface 19 Peripheral area 30 Center 31 Center area 32 Edge area 32-1 Edge area 32-2 Edge area 32BR Edge area 32RB Edge area 33 Boundary area

Claims

1. A display device comprising a plurality of pixels, each outputting light of a corresponding color, wherein each of the plurality of pixels includes a light-emitting layer and a resonator layer that resonates the light of the pixel's color from the light-emitting layer, wherein in the central region of each of the plurality of pixels, the resonator layer comprises a plurality of structures and one or more resonant parts arranged periodically in the plane direction of the resonator layer as a whole, wherein in the edge region of each of the plurality of pixels, the resonator layer comprises a plurality of structures arranged periodically in the plane direction of the resonator layer, wherein in each of the plurality of pixels, the plurality of structures in the central region, the one or more resonant parts, and the plurality of structures in the edge region are arranged so as to confine the light from the light-emitting layer to the one or more resonant parts, and the density of structures in the central region and the density of structures in the edge region are different from each other.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the structural density of the central region is expressed as the ratio of the total area of ​​the structures to the central region when viewed from above, or the ratio of the structural width to the arrangement period of the structures in the central region, and the structural density of the edge region is expressed as the ratio of the total area of ​​the structures to the edge region when viewed from above, or the ratio of the structural width to the arrangement period of the structures in the edge region.

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the central region has a PBG (photonic bandgap) band including the resonant wavelength, the edge region has a PBG band, and the PBG band of the edge region includes the PBG band of the central region and is wider than the PBG band of the central region.

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pixels include two pixels arranged adjacent to each other, the boundary region of the two pixels includes opposing portions of the edge regions of each of the two pixels, and the structural density of the boundary region is different from the structural density of the central region of each of the two pixels.

5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the structural density of the central region of one of the two pixels is different from the structural density of the central region of the other pixel, and the structural density of the boundary region is the size between the structural density of the central region of the one pixel and the structural density of the central region of the other pixel.

6. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the central region has a PBG band including the resonant wavelength, the boundary region has a PBG band, the two pixels output light of different colors from each other, and the PBG band of the boundary region includes both the PBG band of the central region of one pixel and the PBG band of the central region of the other pixel.

7. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the structural density of the boundary region changes in two or more steps as you move from one pixel to the other pixel.

8. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the structure in the boundary region has a shape formed by extending and superimposing the periodic arrangement of a plurality of structures of each of the two pixels to the edge region of the other pixel.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pixels include a first pixel, a second pixel, and a third pixel arranged adjacent to each other, and the structural density of the boundary region between the first pixel and the second pixel, the structural density of the boundary region between the second pixel and the third pixel, and the structural density of the boundary region between the third pixel and the first pixel are different from each other.

10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein each of the first pixel, the second pixel, and the third pixel outputs light of a different color from each other.

11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the first pixel outputs red light, the second pixel outputs green light, and the third pixel outputs blue light.

12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the structural density of the boundary region between the first pixel that outputs red light and the third pixel that outputs blue light changes in two or more steps as you move from one pixel to the other.

13. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the edge region includes a first edge region adjacent to the central region and a second edge region located on the opposite side of the central region, the structural density of the first edge region and the structural density of the second edge region are different from each other, and the structural density of the boundary region changes in three or more steps from one pixel to the other.

14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the structural density of the first edge region is the size between the structural density of the central region and the structural density of the second edge region.

15. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator layer is a photonic crystal layer, the plurality of structures have a different refractive index from other parts of the photonic crystal layer, and one or more resonant parts have the same refractive index as the other parts, or include a part having the same refractive index as the other parts and a part located around it that has the same refractive index as the structure.

16. The display device according to claim 1, wherein in the resonator layer, the plurality of structures have the same height.

17. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pixels are arranged along one of the following arrays: delta array, stripe array, and pentile array.

18. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a reflective layer that reflects light from the light-emitting layer, wherein the resonator layer is provided between the light-emitting layer and the reflective layer.

19. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a reflective layer that reflects light from the light-emitting layer, wherein the resonator layer is provided on the opposite side of the light-emitting layer from the reflective layer.

20. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the resonator layer is provided within the light-emitting layer.

Images