Construction system for forming exterior or interior enclosures in building construction and multifunctional panel suitable for said system

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction system for forming exterior or interior enclosures in building construction, comprising a structure having an exterior panel or layer and an interior panel facing the interior side of the enclosure, both panels being separated to leave an intermediate interior cavity, the cavity including a frame consisting of profiles that define a hollow space, characterized in that the hollow space includes at least one multifunctional panel of thermally insulating material that occupies the surface between profiles, the panel being formed by a substantially prismatic rectangular body provided with a plurality of longitudinal and transverse slits which allow for the passage of conduits and / or electrical wiring, with said at least one panel being coupled to the frame via a press-fit connection. In addition, releasable fastening means are provided to secure the interior panel to the frame, consisting of a plurality of primary parts fastened to the profiles that make up the frame and a plurality of secondary parts mounted on the non-externally visible side of the interior panel, forming a clip connection between the parts.

Description

[0001] Construction system for the formation of exterior or interior enclosures in buildings and a multifunctional panel suitable for said system

[0002] DESCRIPTIVE MEMORANDUM

[0003] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The proposed invention relates to a construction system for forming exterior or interior enclosures in buildings, such as residential buildings, which consists of a structure that is easily demountable, as well as a multifunctional panel that is thermally insulating and suitable for use in said construction system.

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The construction sector, particularly as it relates to residential building construction, is constantly evolving to find systems and procedures that facilitate its execution and reduce building completion times.

[0007] One example is construction methods that use prefabricated panels positioned to define an interior space for essential installations such as wiring or piping. However, this process requires wet stages, such as the application of injected foam, which increases dirt during application and consequently necessitates subsequent cleaning. Furthermore, these foams are harmful to the environment.

[0008] Document No. ES 1294926U is also known, describing a construction system for interior walls that includes a prefabricated element with specific dimensions. This element has multiple grooves on one side for installing common utilities typically found in homes or residences. This side is covered with a layer of plaster to conceal the utilities mounted in the intermediate panel. Access to the interior of the utilities for repairs or replacements requires partially breaking through the plaster layer. It should be noted that this is not a modular system as such, since the prefabricated element is manufactured to the specific dimensions of the wall to be constructed. Therefore, it does not offer the advantages of a modular system that allows for quick and easy dimensional adjustments.Therefore, if the prefabricated element has any breakage or damage, it may mean having to replace it completely.

[0009] Also known is document US2015068137, which describes a construction system with a sandwich structure, consisting of a frame with cladding panels on both sides that are fixed to the frame with nails. However, this fastening process requires considerable time for nailing, and the nails are visible externally. Concealing the nails requires additional work involving the use of products initially in a liquid or semi-liquid state, thus significantly increasing the final assembly time. Furthermore, accessing the area between the cladding panels may require breaking them.

[0010] Another example of a panel-based construction system is described in document US2012174512. While the panels have a slit that allows for the passage of utilities, this slit is located only on the upper edge, thus clearly imposing a dimensional limitation. Furthermore, accessing the utilities requires dismantling the panels located above the slits. Therefore, the difficulties faced by an operator when replacing part of a system, as well as the dimensional limitations and the number of conduits per panel, are evident. Consequently, it is clear that this construction system cannot achieve the advantages of the system of the invention.

[0011] Also known is US patent 4702046, which describes an acoustic panel consisting of multiple glass panels and external sheets. However, it is not designed for the installation of utilities within the glass panels. Furthermore, if an operator were to create grooves or channels for utilities, there is a significant risk of breakage of the glass panels due to the characteristics of the material itself. Therefore, an expert in the field would rule out this type of panel as a suitable alternative to a multifunctional, thermally insulating panel designed for the passage of conduits.

[0012] There is no known construction system for the formation of walls, whether load-bearing walls or interior walls to define enclosures, that has a construction configuration within which there is a system for guiding and fixing installations and that can be used as a means of thermal insulation, since currently, for the assembly of installations that run through the interior of walls, the installer can place the ducts or cables in a relatively "chaotic" way, where there is a risk of contact between installations.

[0013] Furthermore, if the interior requires a means of thermal insulation (e.g., filling), there may be some interior regions that are exempt from this insulating medium, so there is no insulating continuity and therefore the energy efficiency is not good enough, considering current standards.

[0014] Furthermore, the applicant is not currently aware of an invention that has a construction system with a multi-layered structure provided with multifunctional panels, and in which the structure is partially demountable without the need to break any part of the construction assembly.

[0015] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The present invention has been developed in order to provide a construction system that is configured as a novelty within the field of application and solves the aforementioned drawbacks, also providing other additional advantages that will be evident from the description that follows.

[0017] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a construction system for forming exterior or interior enclosures in buildings, comprising a structure having an outer panel or layer and an inner panel (also called enclosure panels) oriented towards the inner face of the enclosure, both the outer and inner panels being separated so as to leave an intermediate interior cavity, the intermediate interior cavity including a frame made up of longitudinal and transverse profiles that define a hollow space, characterized in the fact that the hollow space includes at least one multifunctional panel of a thermally insulating material that occupies the surface between longitudinal and transverse profiles,wherein the multifunctional panel comprises a substantially rectangular prismatic body provided with a plurality of longitudinal and transverse slits for the passage of conduits and / or electrical wiring, said multifunctional panel being coupled to the frame by a snap-fit ​​connection. Furthermore, freely adjustable fastening means are provided for securing the inner panel to the frame, consisting of a plurality of primary pieces fixed to the profiles constituting the frame and a plurality of secondary pieces mounted on the externally non-visible face of the inner panel, such that a snap-fit ​​connection is established between the primary and secondary pieces.

[0018] Thanks to these characteristics, it is possible to construct, for example, residential buildings, reducing wall construction time and, consequently, construction costs due to the system's simplicity. It is worth noting that this method does not use chemical or wet products, such as silicones, or liquid products in the initial phase, such as plaster, to fix the different layers or parts that make up the walls. These methods typically involve drying times that significantly increase the overall construction time.

[0019] Another equally important advantage is that, since it does not require the use of chemical substances such as injected foams, silicones or similar substances that act as a means of fixation, the described system is environmentally friendly in an efficient way, an aspect considered relevant today.

[0020] The arrangement of the intermediate panel located between the panels, provided with grooves, facilitates the assembly operations of the various installations that may be inside a home, with the insulating panels acting as a means of guiding or fixing electrical conduits or cables in an orderly manner and, on the other hand, as a thermally insulating means for the building.

[0021] Thus, if it becomes necessary to replace or modify any component or part of the installation housed inside the wall, it is simply a matter of removing the exterior or interior panels, for example, using suction cups, allowing the separation of the two connectable parts that form part of the removable fixing system. Therefore, by using the construction system described above, it is not necessary to carry out work that generates dust or debris, as is the case in modern construction when replacing elements due to age, deterioration, or failure.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the hollow space comprises a matrix structure formed by a plurality of multifunctional panels arranged such that the longitudinal and / or transverse slits are aligned, defining rectilinear paths. Preferably, the primary and secondary components are made of an injection-molded plastic material. According to the invention, the primary components are fixed to the frame by means of screws. The secondary components are fixed to the inner panel by means of screws.

[0023] Another object of the invention is to provide a multifunctional panel with thermal insulation properties configured for the formation of interior enclosures in buildings, consisting of a substantially rectangular prismatic body provided with a plurality of longitudinal and transverse slits dimensionally enabled for the passage of ducts and / or electrical wiring, which is made of expanded polystyrene material.

[0024] The invention also relates to providing a residential building comprising at least a plurality of exterior and / or interior vertical walls, a section of roof and a section of floor, such that they define an enclosed accommodation, characterized by the fact that the vertical walls have the construction system described above.

[0025] Advantageously, the roof section and the floor section feature a construction system such that longitudinal and / or transverse grooves are aligned between the roof section, the floor section and vertical walls, thus allowing the creation of "channels" for the passage of installations without physical obstacles to avoid.

[0026] This construction system also offers the advantage of simplifying air conditioning installations by reducing the number of components required, such as eliminating air conditioning outlet ducts. This simplifies and reduces the execution time of a residential building construction or renovation project.

[0027] The described construction system thus represents an innovative structure with structural and constitutive characteristics previously unknown for its intended purpose. These reasons, combined with its practical utility, provide sufficient grounds for obtaining the requested exclusive patent. Other characteristics and advantages of the construction system that is the subject of this invention will become evident from the description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment, which is illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1.- It is a schematic elevation view of a section of wall obtained from the construction system of the present invention, in which one of the panels that is oriented towards the interior of the enclosure has been extracted for reasons of clarity;

[0030] Figure 2.- It is a cross-sectional view of a section of wall obtained from the construction system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3.- It is an enlarged elevation detail view of a portion of a construction system where a junction box has been incorporated;

[0032] Figure 4.- It is an isometric view of an embodiment of the multifunctional panel according to the invention;

[0033] Figure 5.- It is an elevation and plan view of the multifunctional panel represented in figure 3;

[0034] Figure 6.- It is a front elevation view of an inner layer that is part of the construction system;

[0035] Figure 7.- It is an isometric view of a secondary piece that is part of the free-floating means;

[0036] Figure 8.- It is a perspective view of a secondary piece that is part of the liberal fixing means;

[0037] Figure 9.- It is a side elevation view of a room in a residential building provided with the construction system according to the invention; and

[0038] Figure 10.- It is an enlarged detailed elevation view of a region of the room represented in figure 9.

[0039] DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0040] In view of the aforementioned figures and in accordance with the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be observed, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below. Furthermore, the terms upper, lower, above, below, and similar terms in the description and claims are used for descriptive purposes and not necessarily to describe relative positions.

[0041] The construction system for forming interior walls in buildings comprises a sandwich-type structure with an outer panel or layer (1) and an inner panel (2) facing the interior of the wall. The two outer and inner panels (1), (2) are separated, leaving an intermediate interior cavity (3) (see Figure 2) for the installation of plumbing fixtures and / or the passage of electrical cables (8). The outer panel or layer (1) can form part of an interior wall or a facade wall.

[0042] As can be seen in Figure 1, the intermediate interior cavity (3) includes a frame, generally indicated by reference (4), which consists of a series of longitudinal and transverse profiles, for example, made of wood, defining a frame with a central section containing hollow spaces. These hollow spaces are provided with multifunctional panels (5) that have thermally insulating properties and occupy the space between the longitudinal and transverse profiles of the frame (4).

[0043] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the arrangement of two multifunctional panels (5) separated by a vertical profile that forms part of the frame (4) can be seen, the construction system being configured for an exterior wall provided with a window (10), which will not be described in more detail since it is not part of the invention.

[0044] With particular reference to the multifunctional panel (5), it is made up of a body with a substantially rectangular prismatic shape provided with a plurality of longitudinal (50) and transverse (51) slits dimensionally enabled for the passage of conduits and / or electrical wiring, such multifunctional panel (5) being coupled to the frame (4) by a snap-fit ​​relationship, so that no fastening elements are required to keep the multifunctional panels (5) in place.

[0045] The multifunctional panel (5) is made of extruded polystyrene, whose properties as a thermal insulator are well known, allowing for energy savings (air conditioning and / or heating) because it will be able to retain the temperature in buildings. Furthermore, thanks to the structure of the material used, it is easy to cut out, for example, a space suitable for the installation of an interconnection box (7) (see Figure 3) to connect different electrical cables (8), and to fit snugly without the need for screws, given the semi-rigid properties of the multifunctional panel (5).

[0046] Making new reference to the thermally insulating panel (5), and as can be seen in figures 4 and 5, it has an extended region (52) that defines stepped portions along at least two opposite sides, with a section of the body that makes up the multifunctional panel (5) being provided free of longitudinal and transverse grooves.

[0047] To facilitate access to the multifunctional panels (5) for maintenance or installation of new equipment within the building system, freely adjustable fastening means are provided to secure the inner panel to the frame. These means consist of a plurality of primary parts (6) fixed to the profiles that make up the frame (4) and a plurality of secondary parts (9) mounted on the externally hidden face of the inner panel, thus establishing a clip-on connection between the primary and secondary parts. Figure 7 shows a detailed view of a primary part (6) with a through-hole (60) for inserting the secondary part (9).

[0048] In Figure 8, the inverted mushroom-shaped geometric configuration of the secondary piece is more clearly visible, where a pin section (90) is defined that extends from a base (91) that is fixed to the inner panel (2), ending in a widened area (92) that will be removable by pressure to the hole present in the primary piece (6).

[0049] Figures 9 and 10 partially show a room in a conventional residential building, specifically a bathroom, where the multifunctional panels (5) are arranged on the side wall (11), as well as on the ceiling (12) and the floor (13), which can run parallel to the building's floor slab (14). This example illustrates how batteries (15) for electrical power supply can be mounted in existing spaces between multifunctional panels (5) or in portions cut from the multifunctional panel (5) itself. The batteries (15) are connected to a power source, such as solar panels (16), telecommunications installation panels (17), the water installation meter (18), or a main control panel (19), among others.In this embodiment, the arrangement of an interior panel (2) covering the multifunctional panels (5) can also be seen on the left of the image. It is worth mentioning that the use of this construction system in residential buildings allows for a significant reduction in noise, acting as acoustic insulation without the need for additional coverings such as those available on the market for soundproofing purposes. The details, shapes, dimensions, and other accessory elements used in the manufacture of the construction system of the invention may be conveniently substituted with others that do not deviate from the scope defined by the claims included below.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A construction system for forming exterior or interior enclosures in buildings, comprising a structure that has an outer panel or layer (1) and an inner panel (2) oriented towards the inner face of the enclosure, both the outer and inner panels being separated so as to leave an intermediate interior cavity (3), the intermediate interior cavity including a frame (4) made up of longitudinal and transverse profiles that define a hollow space, characterized in that the hollow space includes at least one multifunctional panel (5) of a thermally insulating material that occupies the surface between longitudinal and transverse profiles, wherein the multifunctional panel (5) is formed by a substantially rectangular prismatic body provided with a plurality of longitudinal slits (50) and transverse slits (51) enabled for the passage of ducts and / or electrical wiring,wherein said at least one multifunctional panel (5) is coupled to the frame (4) by a snap-fit ​​relationship, and wherein detachable fastening means are provided for securing the inner panel to the frame, which consist of a plurality of primary parts (6) fixed to the profiles constituting the frame (4) and a plurality of secondary parts (9) mounted on the externally non-visible face of the inner panel, such that a snap-fit ​​connection is established between the primary and secondary parts.

2. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow space comprises a matrix structure formed by a plurality of multifunctional panels (5) placed in such a way that the longitudinal slits (50) and / or transverse slits (51) are aligned defining rectilinear paths.

3. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary parts and secondary parts are made of an injection-molded plastic material.

4. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary parts are fixed to the frame (4) through screw elements.

5. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary pieces are fixed to the inner panel by means of screws.

6. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame (4) is constructed of wood.

7. Multifunctional panel (5), with thermally insulating properties suitable for forming exterior or interior enclosures in buildings, characterized in that it consists of a substantially rectangular prismatic body provided with a plurality of longitudinal (50) and transverse (51) slits dimensionally enabled for the passage of conduits and / or electrical wiring (8), which is made of expanded polystyrene foam material, and in which said body has an extended region (52) that defines stepped portions along at least two opposite sides, a section of the body being provided free of longitudinal and transverse slits.

8. Residential building comprising at least a plurality of exterior and / or interior vertical walls, a section of roof and a section of floor, such that they define an enclosed accommodation, characterized in that the vertical walls have the construction system according to any of claims 1 to 6.

9. Residential building according to claim 8, characterized in that the roof section and / or the floor section have the construction system according to any of claims 1 to 6, such that longitudinal and / or transverse grooves are aligned with each other between the roof section, the floor section and vertical walls.

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