Method for heat treatment of a non-steel metal strip
The continuous heat treatment method using direct flame impingement and cryogenic cooling addresses the challenges of non-uniform heating and high energy costs in non-steel metal strips, achieving rapid, uniform heating and cooling with improved material properties.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LINDE AG
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for processing non-steel metal strips, particularly aluminium, face challenges such as hardening during production, time-consuming and energy-intensive annealing processes, non-uniform heating, and high energy costs, which are exacerbated by slow processing speeds and batch annealing furnaces.
A continuous heat treatment method involving direct flame impingement using oxyfuel burners for rapid heating, followed by exposure to a cooling fluid comprising jets of cooling gas and cryogenic liquid, ensuring homogeneous heating and cooling, and utilizing an AI-controlled system for precise temperature adjustment.
This method achieves fast and uniform heating and cooling, reduces energy consumption, minimizes grain size growth, and maintains material quality, enabling efficient production of high-quality metal strips with improved mechanical properties.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024124763_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Method for heat treatment of a non-steel metal strip
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for heat treatment of a metal strip where the metal strip is passed through a heating unit and subsequently passed through a cooling unit, wherein in the heating unit flames from a oxyfuel burner are directed towards the surface of the metal strip so as to impinge on the surface of the metal strip, and wherein in the cooling unit the metal strip is exposed to a cooling fluid.
[0002] Currently, it is difficult to process aluminium strips without annealing due to the hardening of the material during production and processing. Whether intermediate annealing or finished product annealing, annealing is a time-consuming and energy-intensive process. The intermediate annealing process is especially time-consuming, leading to a large volume of occupied aluminium on work sites, creating environmental and production scheduling issues. The use of electric heat sources in the annealing process also contributes to the high energy costs associated with aluminium processing.
[0003] There is a need to develop a more suitable method for continuous heat treatment of non-steel metal strips, especially of aluminium strips, capable of reducing energy consumption and operating costs. Additionally, the existing batch annealing furnaces suffer from slow processing speeds and non-uniform heating across the width and length of the strip.
[0004] Therefore, the objective of this invention is to provide a new continuous heat treatment method for metal strips, with faster heating and cooling, reducing the carbon footprint, lowering heat treatment time, and accommodating shorter production lines.
[0005] This objective is achieved by a process for heat treatment of a metal strip where the metal strip is passed through a heating unit and subsequently passed through a cooling unit, wherein in the heating unit flames from a oxyfuel burner are directed towards the surface of the metal strip so as to impinge on the surface of the metal strip, and wherein in the cooling unit the metal strip is exposed to a cooling fluid, and wherein the cooling fluid comprises at least one jet of cooling gas and at least one jet of a cryogenic liquid.
[0006] A metal strip may be understood as a thin flexible sheet of metal, usually less than 3 mm thick, preferably with a thickness between 10 to 500 micrometers. The process comprises passing the metal strip through a heating unit and subsequently passing it through a cooling unit. The heating unit comprises at least one direct flame jet rapid heating device, which directs flames from a burner towards the surface of the metal strip, so as to impinge on the surface of the metal strip. The flames directly impinge on the surface of the metal strip so that a very fast heating is achieved.
[0007] The cooling unit exposes the metal strip to a cooling fluid. The cooling fluid comprises one or more jets of a cooling gas and one or more jets of a cryogenic liquid.
[0008] One advantage of this arrangement is that it greatly improves the homogeneity of heating and cooling. The use of a cryogenic liquid as part of the cooling fluid ensures high accuracy and efficiency of cooling, which leads to better thermal homogeneity along the width and the length of the metal strip. The inventive method combines very fast heating by using direct flame impingement with ultrafast cooling by means fo the cryogenic liquid. The direct flame impingement alters the properties of the metal material and allows to achieve a specific material microstructure. The subsequent ultrafast cooling freezes the specific material microstructure.
[0009] In the prior art heat treatment process the metal strip is first annealed in conventional heat-treating furnaces, for example in an annealing furnace, which do not provide such fast and homogenuous heating of the metal strip as the invention. The inventive method combines very fast heating with a very homogenuous heating across the whole width of the metal strip. Thereby, it is possible to achieve a well-defined metal microstructure in short time.
[0010] In conventional air cooling the hot metal strip is cooled down relative slow. During this slow cooling process, the remaining heat in the material can affect the material microstructure and unwanted modifications of the grain structure might be created. By using the inventive cooling step, the microstructure produced in the heating step is frozen. This allows to precisely manipulate the mechanical properties of the metal strip, such as hardness, strength, elasticity, and ductility. The invention avoids unwanted growth of the grain size. On the contrary, fine, and even grain size can be created. The material quality is improved.
[0011] Another benefit of the inventive method is that the cooling unit is shorter than prior art cooling units.
[0012] It has been found that spraying the cryogenic liquid alone does not provide the same good results and benefits as described above. It is assumed that after spraying the cryogenic liquid the cryogenic liquid will remain on the metal surface for some time, form a kind of insulation and thereby reduce the cooling effect. Thus, the inventors proposed to additionally apply one or more jets of a cooling gas onto the metal strip. The jet of cooling gas will cause a turbulence which improves the cooling effect. The consumption of cryogenic liquid can be significantly reduced.
[0013] The term cooling gas comprises any gas which has a temperature which is below the temperature of the hot metal strip after it has been passed through the heating unit. Preferably, the cooling gas has a temperature below 100℃ or preferably around ambient temperature or below ambient temperature. Preferred cooling gases are air, gaseous nitrogen and / or gaseous carbon dioxide.
[0014] In one embodiment the metal strip is alternately exposed to jets of cooling gas and jets of cryogenic liquid. The cooling unit may comprise one or more rows of cooling gas jets and rows of cryogenic liquid jets. The rows of cooling gas jets and rows of cryogenic liquid jets are preferably arranged perpendicular to the direction of metal strip movement. The distance between two rows is preferably between 50 mm and 1000 mm or between 100 mm and 500 mm. The first and the last row are preferably a row of cooling gas jets. The cooling gas jets would not only support the cooling effect but additionally block outside air from entering the cooling unit.
[0015] Another advantage of this arrangement is that it is capable of handling continuous materials. Continuous metal strip can be continuously transported through the heating unit and the cooling unit which improves the production speed, reduces the production time and guarantees more uniform heating rate and cooling rate along the width and the length of the moving strip.
[0016] In addition, the ability to connect multiple heating and cooling units, in series, but not in contact with the continuous metal strip, enables continuous heat treatment of surface- sensitive materials. The rapid cooling of the metal strip using a cryogenic liquid prevents oxidation and surface damage during the heat treatment process. This arrangement can be used for preheating and annealing, solid solution heat treatment, and degreasing of metal and metal matrix composite material strips.
[0017] The inventive process is preferably used for the heat treatment of metals other than steel. A non-steel metal strip may be understood as a metal strip comprising a metal other than steel. Examples of non-steel metals include but are not limited to aluminium, copper, titanium, nickel, and their alloys and their cladding material, like Cu / Al or stainless steel / Al. The thickness of the metal strip is typically less than 3mm, for example between 10 micrometer and 500 micrometers.
[0018] It may be provided that liquid nitrogen is sprayed onto the surface of the metal strip. By spraying liquid nitrogen onto the surface of the metal strip, the heat treatment process is able to achieve a rapid and homogeneous cooling. The use of liquid nitrogen also prevents oxidation and surface damage during the heat treatment process, resulting in a better product quality. The cooling of the metal strip may also be achieved by using liquid carbon dioxide as cryogenic liquid.
[0019] Preferably, the temperature of the cryogenic liquid is below -60 ℃, -100℃ or –150℃. The low temperature ensures that a rapid cooling so that the desired material microstructure is achieved. The cooling unit can be significantly shorter than conventional cooling units based on air cooling.
[0020] It may be provided that the cryogenic liquid is sprayed through a plurality of nozzles or slots. For example, a liquid storage tank and a pressure regulating valve skid are connected to the nozzles. This arrangement ensures that the cryogenic liquid, for example liquid nitrogen, is evenly distributed across the surface of the metal strip, further enhancing the thermal homogeneity along the width and the length of the metal strip.
[0021] In an embodiment the cooling gas is sprayed through a plurality of nozzles or slots. The nozzles and / or slots are preferably arranged to create a turbulent gas flow across the whole width of the metal strip and to distribute the cryogenic liquid as good as possible. This can be achieved by selecting an appropriate number of nozzles or slots and / or by designing the nozzles and / or slots accordingly.
[0022] The nozzles or slots for ther cryogenic liquid and the nozzles or slots for the cooling gas are preferably arranged such that the jets of cryogenic liquid and cooling gas, respectively, are directed at an angle between 60° and 120° towards the metal strip. In one embodiment the angle is between 75° and 105° towards the metal strip.
[0023] The distance between two nozzles or slots for the cooling gas is preferably between 50 mm and 1000 mm, between 100 mm and 300 mm or between 150 mm and 250 mm. The nozzles or slots for the cooling gas are preferably arranged in one or more rows perpendicular to the direction of metal strip movement.
[0024] The distance between two nozzles or slots for the cryogenic liquid is preferably between 50 mm and 500 mm, between 100 mm and 300 mm or between 150 mm and 250 mm. The nozzles or slots for the cryogenic liquid are preferably arranged in one or more rows perpendicular to the direction of metal strip movement.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment the inventive method is used for heat treatment of a metal strip made of a composite material. The term composite material shall mean a material which is made from two or more different constituent materials. These constituent materials have different chemical and / or physical properties and are merged to create a material with properties different from the individual constituent materials. Within the metal strip the individual constituents shall remain separate and distinct and provide specific properties. Therefore, it is essential that during the heating step and during the cooling step no material diffuses from one of these constituent materials into the other constituent material. Otherwise, the properties of both materials would be mixed. By using the very fast heating step and the very fast cooling step according to the invention such diffusion is avoided or at least minimized.
[0026] The invention is preferably useful for heat treatment of two layer or multi layer composites, for example a metal strip made up out of two or more layers of different material. This comprises but is not limited to composites comprising one or more layers of aluminium, copper, steel, nickel, magnesium, lithium or their alloys. Examples are aluminium / steel composites, aluminium / steel / aluminium composites, steel / aluminium / steel composites, mangnesium alloy strips, lithium alloy strips, nickel strips, Al / Al strips, Al / Cu strips, Al / Mg strips and so on.
[0027] It may be provided that an oxidant and a fuel are fed to the burner and that the oxidant contains at least 80%by volume oxygen. An oxidant containing at least 80%by volume oxygen ensures high combustion efficiency and enables high-temperature heat treatment. The use of oxidant and fuel in the burner enables rapid heating of the metal strip, resulting in a significantly faster heating rate compared to static coil annealing.
[0028] It may be provided that the burner has a burner outlet for the fuel, the oxidant, and / or the flame and that the distance from the burner outlet to the metal strip is 50 to 500 millimeters. The burner outlet may be understood as the part of the burner that releases the fuel, oxidant, and / or flame. The distance between the burner outlet and the metal strip ensures a high heating efficiency and homogeneity of the temperature field along the width and length of the metal strip.
[0029] It may be provided that the total power applied by the burner is 50 KW to 1000 KW per meter metal strip. This arrangement enables the desired heating rate to be achieved while maintaining a high level of energy efficiency.
[0030] It may be provided that the metal strip is passed through the heating unit at a speed of 150 to 200 meters / minute. By passing the metal strip through the heating unit at a high speed, a significant reduction in production time can be achieved.
[0031] It may be provided that at least one parameter of the metal strip is online determined during the heat treatment process and that the heating unit is dynamically adjusted depending on the determined parameter. The online parameter determination inspection may be understood that the parameter is determined during the heat treatment process, i.e. while the metal strip is passed through the heating unit. By determining at least one parameter of the metal strip during the heat treatment process, the quality of the finished product can be improved. The heating unit can be dynamically adjusted depending on the determined parameter, ensuring a uniform heating rate along the width and length of the metal strip.
[0032] It may be provided that the heating unit is adjusted by means of an AI intelligent control system. An AI intelligent control system may be understood as a control system that utilizes machine learning algorithms to optimize control parameters. This arrangement ensures that the heating temperature is precisely controlled, resulting in improved uniformity of processing and reduced energy consumption. An advantage of this arrangement is that the heat treatment process can be controlled to meet specific quality standards, resulting in a consistently high-quality finished product.
[0033] In an embodiment of the invention the metal strip is provided as a coil. The metal strip is then uncoiled, passed through the heating unit and through the cooling unit and finally coiled again. During the whole process of uncoiling, passing through the heating unit and the cooling unit and final re-coiling the tension of the metal strip may be detected and controlled.
[0034] The invention is schematically illustrated using an exemplary embodiment as shown in the drawing:
[0035] Figure 1 shows the heat treatment of a non-steel metal strip along a treatment line according to the invention.
[0036] Figure 2 shows the inventive cooling unit.
[0037] An aluminium strip 1 is provided as a coil 2. The aluminium strip 1 may have a width up to 2500 mm and a thickness between 10 micrometer and 3000 micrometers, preferably between 15 micrometer and 1500 micrometer. The length of the strip 1 may be several kilometers. The coil 2 may have an outer diameter up to 2000 mm and a weight up to 30 t.
[0038] The metal strip 1 is unwound or uncoiled from a coil 2 and passed through a heating unit 3. The processing speed of the metal strip 1 is up to 500 m / min. During its passage through the heating unit 3 the aluminium strip 1 is subjected to one or more direct flame heating devices 31 such as an oxyfuel heating device. In figure 1 the aluminium strip 1 is arranged in such a way that its surface is essentially horizontal. The heating devices 31 are arranged above and / or below the strip 1. In another embodiment not shown in the drawing the metal strip is vertically oriented. In that case the heating devices 31 would be provided on both sides of the surface of the metal strip.
[0039] The heating devices 31 are oxyfuel direct flame impingement (DFI) burners. Fuel 32 and oxygen 33 are provided from respective sources, for example a fuel tank and an oxygen tank, passed through a flowtrain 34 which controls the flow of fuel and oxygen to the DFI burners 31. Fuel 32 and oxygen 33 are combusted in the DFI burners 31. The DFI burners 31 are arranged so that the distance between the burner outlets and the passing metal strip is between 10 mm and 500 mm. The distance is preferably more than 10 mm, more than 20 mm, more than 50 mm and / or less than 500 mm, less than 300 mm, less than 200 mm. Thereby, it is guaranteed that the metal strip 1 is directly exposed to the resulting flames of the DFI burners 31 and that the flames impinge onto the surface of the metal strip 1.
[0040] After the heat treatment in the heating unit 3 the metal strip 1 is passed to and through a cooling unit 4. The colling unit 4 is provided with a plurality of nozzles 41 and gas slots 45. A liquid nitrogen tank 42 is connected to the plurality of nozzles 41 via a flowtrain 44 which allows to control the flow of liquid nitrogen 42. A source of gaseous nitrogen 43 is connected to the plurality of slots 45 via a flowtrain 46 which allows to control the flow of gaseous nitrogen 43. The liquid nitrogen 42 is sprayed onto the surface of the metal strip 1 in order to rapidly cool down the metal strip 1. In addition, gaseous nitrogen 43 is sprayed onto the metal strip 1 through the slots 45.
[0041] The metal strip 1 after having left the cooling unit 4 is coiled up on a coil 5.
[0042] During the heat treatment and during the cooling phase the metal strip 1 experiences changes in length and width due to thermal expansion. In order to compensate any thermally induced changes in the dimensions of the metal strip 1 tension frames may be provided which apply a pulling force onto the metal strip 1.
[0043] Monitoring devices 6 and 7 are provided downstream of the heating unit 3 and downstream of the cooling unit 4. The monitoring devices 6, 7 determine at least one parameter of the passing metal strip 1 after it has been heat treated and after it has been cooled, respectively. The determined parameters are sent to a control unit 8. The control unit 8 analyzes the parameters and / or compares the determined parameters with one or more preset values. Depending on the outcome of this analysis the control unit 8 controls one or more of the heating units 3, and especially the heating power, the cooling unit 4, and in particular the cooling rate and the liquid and / or gaseous nitrogen flow, the speed of the metal strip and the tension of the metal strip etc.
[0044] Figure 2 shows the cooling unit 4 in more detail. The metal strip 1 enters the cooling unit 4 and a plurality of gas jets is directed onto the surface of the metal strip 1. The gas jets are provided from one row of gas slots 45 arranged above the metal strip 1 and from one row of gas slots 45 arranged below the metal strip 1. The gas slots 45 are equally distributed along the width of the metal strip 1. The gas slots 45 are connected to the source of gaseous nitrogen 43, for example a nitrogen gas cylinder, a gas cylinder bundle or a nitrogen tank. A flow train 46 allows to control the nitrogen flow to the gas slots 45. The nitrogen gas is sprayed through the slots 45 onto the metal strip 1. The angle of the spray direction to the surface of the metal strip 1 is between 60° and 120°, for example it is vertical to the surface of the metal strip 1.
[0045] The metal strip 1 is then passed through a plurality of jets of liquid nitrogen. The liquid nitrogen jets are provided from one row of nozzles 41 arranged above the metal strip 1 and from one row of nozzles 41 arranged below the metal strip 1. The nozzles 41 are equally distributed along the width of the metal strip 1. The nozzles 41 are connected to the source of liquid nitrogen 42, for example a liquid nitrogen tank. A flow train 44 allows to control the liquid nitrogen flow to the nozzles 41. The liquid nitrogen is sprayed through the nozzles 41 onto the metal strip 1. The angle of the spray direction to the surface of the metal strip 1 is between 60° and 120°, for example it is vertical to the surface of the metal strip 1.
[0046] The number of nozzles 41 and the design and size of the nozzles 41 can be chosen according to the heating profile of the metal strip 1 after passing the heating unit 3. In the embodiment of figure 2 a homogenuous heating profile along the width of the metal strip 1 is assumed. Therefore, the nozzles 41 are arranged at equal distances from each other. If for example the heating profile of the heating unit 3 is such that the center of the metal strip 1 is heated more than the edges of the metal strip 1, more nozzles 41 and / or nozzles 41 of larger throughput are arranged near the center of the metal strip 1.
[0047] The number of nozzles 41 is designed according to the cooling capacity needed. Thereby, the metal strip 1 is cooled as much as needed without over-cooling the metal strip 1. The rows of gas slots 45 and nozzles 41 are arranged alternating. Figure 2 shows a row of gas slots 45, a row of liquid nitrogen nozzles 41 and a row of gas slots 45 in the direction of movement of the metal strip 1. One skilled in the art will understand that the number of rows of gas slots 45 and nozzles 41 can be adapted to the cooling needs.
[0048] The inventive combination of gas slots 45 and liquid cryogen nozzles 41 ensures that the metal strip 1 is cooled properly with a minimum of liquid nitrogen consumption. The jets of gaseous nitrogen support the cooling effect by creating a turbulence above the surface of the metal strip 1. The gaseous nitrogen and any evaporated liquid nitrogen further provide an inert atmosphere in the cooling unit 4 which prevents oxidation of the hot metal strip 1 passed through the cooling unit 4.
[0049] By controlling the flowrate and / or velocity of liquid nitrogen and / or gaseous nitrogen and by arranging the number and orientation of the gas slots 45 and of the nozzles 41 the cooling can be controlled to get a flat metal strip 1 after the cooling step.
Claims
1.Method for heat treatment of a metal strip where the metal strip is passed through a heating unit and subsequently passed through a cooling unit, wherein in the heating unit flames from a oxyfuel burner are directed towards the surface of the metal strip so as to impinge on the surface of the metal strip, and wherein in the cooling unit the metal strip is exposed to a cooling fluid, characterized in that the cooling fluid comprises at least one jet of cooling gas and at least one jet of a cryogenic liquid.2.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cryogenic liquid comprises liquid nitrogen or liquid CO2.3.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling gas comprises air, gaseous nitrogen and / or gaseous CO2.4.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cryogenic liquid is sprayed through a plurality of nozzles or slots.5.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling gas is sprayed through a plurality of nozzles or slots.6.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cryogenic liquid has a temperature of less than -60 ℃.7.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that an oxidant and a fuel are fed to the burner and that the oxidant contains at least 80 %by volume oxygen.8.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner has a burner outlet for the fuel, the oxidant and / or the flame and that the distance from the burner outlet to the metal strip is 10 to 500 millimeters.9.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total power applied by the burner is 25 KW to 5000 KW per meter metal strip.10.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal strip is passed through the ultra fast heating unit and ultra fast cooling unit at a speed of 5 to 1000 meters / minute.11.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one parameter of the metal strip is online determined during the heat treatment method and that the heating and / or cooling unit is dynamically adjusted depending on the determined parameter.12.Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the heating unit is adjusted by means of an AI intelligent control system.13.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal strip is made of a nonferrous metal, in particular of aluminium or an aluminium alloy.14.Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal strip is made of a metal or composite material, in particular that the metal strip comprises two or more layers of different material.
Citation Information
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