Improvement method for saline-alkali soil based on fly ash

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agromelioration, and provides an improvement method for saline-alkali soil based on fly ash. The improvement method comprises: selecting fly ash as a main raw material, and activating the fly ash by using an activator, so as to prepare a mollisol solidifying material; then, adding the mollisol solidifying material into a ball mill, and simultaneously adding an appropriate amount of an activator to prepare a fly ash-based material; laying the prepared fly ash-based material by means of a soil covering device, simultaneously adding a soil improvement agent to the fly ash-based material, then laying saline-alkali soil on the upper layer; and finally, growing saline-alkali-tolerant plants, thereby improving the soil of the upper layer. By using fly ash as a main raw material and simultaneously adding an activator and a soil improvement agent, the present invention advantageously improves the existing technology for improving saline-alkali land, does not fundamentally solve the salinization problem, and the technical problems of secondary salinization caused by groundwater desalination continuously occurring, and the majority of saline-alkali soil being still not improved.

Description

A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural soil improvement technology, specifically a method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali soils are distributed in low-lying, flat inland areas with high groundwater levels, and in semi-humid, semi-arid, and arid climates. Soluble salts in groundwater rise to the surface via soil capillaries; the water evaporates, but the salts accumulate, forming saline-alkali soils. Bayannur, located in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, experiences complex soil water and salt transport patterns. Its arid climate, high evaporation rates, and high groundwater levels mean that salts are drawn in by water and retained even after water evaporates, resulting in large amounts of salt remaining in the topsoil and forming saline-alkali land. Furthermore, long-term irrigation with water from the Yellow River, including excessive flooding and irrigation without drainage, has exacerbated salt accumulation, leading to severe secondary salinization and agricultural non-point source pollution.

[0003] Existing research and experiments on saline-alkali land improvement technologies mainly adopt different technologies such as "five-in-one" (desulfurized gypsum + exposed sand + organic fertilizer + soil conditioner + salt-tolerant crops) + "film mulch and straw" + "underground pipe salt drainage" to improve saline-alkali land, which have achieved certain results.

[0004] However, while it alleviates salinization in the short term, it does not fundamentally solve the problem. Secondary salinization caused by groundwater salinization continues, resulting in minimal improvement, and a large portion of saline-alkali land remains unresolved. Therefore, given this situation, there is an urgent need to develop a robot for inspecting the interior of wind turbine blades to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash, which solves at least one of the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash, comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Select fly ash as the main raw material and use an activator to activate the fly ash to produce soft soil solidification material;

[0008] Step 2: Add the soft soil solidification material from Step 1 to the ball mill, along with an appropriate amount of activator, to produce fly ash-based material;

[0009] Step 3: Based on Step 2, use the prepared fly ash-based material to conduct a solidification test on the saline-alkali soil and construct an impermeable barrier layer;

[0010] Step 4: Based on Step 3, fly ash-based materials are laid using a soil covering device. At the same time, a soil conditioner is added to the fly ash-based materials. Then, saline-alkali soil is laid on top, and finally, salt-tolerant plants are planted to improve the top layer of soil.

[0011] Preferably, the proportion of the activator in step one is 2%-3%.

[0012] Preferably, the activator in step one is a sulfate material.

[0013] Preferably, the internal temperature of the ball mill in step two is typically maintained between 60°C and 90°C.

[0014] Preferably, the soil conditioner in step four includes: organic matter, microbial preparations, and biomass.

[0015] Preferably, the soil covering device in step four includes:

[0016] The base has casters around its perimeter, a discharge control mechanism inside the base, and a material placement box fixedly installed at the top of the base. Several filter plates are provided between the material placement box and the base.

[0017] Preferably, the displacement control mechanism includes:

[0018] A drive motor is fixedly installed in a cavity within the base. A bevel gear is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor. The bevel gear is directly meshed with a bevel gear, and the bottom end of the bevel gear is fixedly connected to a threaded rod. The bottom end of the threaded rod passes through a moving rod and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the cavity. The threaded rod is threadedly connected to the moving rod. The right end of the moving rod is slidably connected to a groove. The left end of the moving rod is movably connected to a roller. The roller contacts the inclined surface of a triangular block. An installation block is fixedly installed at the top of the triangular block. A limiting rod passes through the installation block and is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cavity. A return spring is sleeved on the limiting rod at the left end of the installation block. The right end of a long rod is fixedly installed on the triangular block. The left end of the long rod passes through several support columns and has several through holes. Several discharge ports are provided on the base between the support columns.

[0019] Preferably, a feed inlet is fixedly installed at the top left side of the material placement box, a bracket is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the left side of the material placement box, a fixed end of a drive motor is fixedly installed on the bracket, the output end of the drive motor passes through the material placement box and is fixedly connected to the mixing rod, and a soil conditioner dosage adjustment mechanism is fixedly installed at the top right side of the material placement box.

[0020] Preferably, the soil conditioner dosage adjustment mechanism includes: an adjustment box, which is fixedly installed at the top right side of the material placement box; a second inlet is fixedly installed at the top of the adjustment box; an inclined plate is fixedly installed inside the adjustment box; a second through hole is provided on the inclined plate; a second cavity is provided at the bottom left side of the adjustment box; a third drive motor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the second cavity; a turntable is fixedly installed at the output end of the third drive motor; a short rod is fixedly installed on the turntable; a first support rod is movably connected to the short rod; the other end of the first support rod is movably connected to a second support rod; a slider is fixedly installed on the second support rod; the slider is slidably connected to a second limiting rod; the left end of the second limiting rod is fixedly installed on a fixed block; the bottom end of the fixed block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the second cavity; the second support rod contacts the second through hole; the bottom end of the second through hole communicates with a connecting pipe; and the connecting pipe communicates with the inside of the material placement box. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 is a flowchart provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a front view of the soil covering device structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in Figure 2 of this invention.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1. Base; 2. Casters; 3. Material placement box; 4. Filter plate; 5. Drive motor 1; 6. Cavity 1; 7. Bevel gear 1; 8. Bevel gear 2; 9. Threaded rod; 10. Moving rod; 11. Slide groove; 12. Roller; 13. Triangular block; 14. Mounting block 1; 15. Limiting rod 1; 16. Return spring; 17. Long rod; 18. Support column; 19. Discharge port; 20. Through hole 1; 21. Feed inlet 1; 22. Bracket; 23. Drive motor 2; 24. Mixing rod; 25. Adjustment box; 26. Feed inlet 2; 27. Inclined plate; 28. Through hole 2; 29. ​​Cavity 2; 30. Drive motor 3; 31. Turntable; 32. Support rod 1; 33. Short rod; 34. Support rod 2; 35. Sliding block; 36. Limiting rod 2; 37. Fixing block; 38. Connecting pipe. Specific preferred implementation method

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0028] Furthermore, in this invention, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" is for descriptive purposes only and does not specifically refer to any order or sequence, nor is it intended to limit the invention. They are merely used to distinguish components or operations described using the same technical terms and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions and features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If a combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0029] The present invention provides the following embodiments.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] This invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash, as shown in Figure 1. Step 1: Select fly ash as the main raw material and use an activator to activate the fly ash to produce a soft soil solidification material.

[0032] Step 2: Add the soft soil solidification material from Step 1 to a ball mill (mechanical friction heating to achieve chemical solidification), and simultaneously add an appropriate amount of activator (the activator can solidify a small portion of the heavy metals in the fly ash into the crystal structure of the sulfate material and fix it (in Si-O or Al-O chemical bonds, forming a tetrahedral or spatial network structure), thereby producing a fly ash-based material, thus preventing heavy metal leakage, and it can be used after being tested by a third-party institution to meet environmental quality standards).

[0033] Step 3: Based on Step 2, use the prepared fly ash-based material to conduct a solidification test on the saline-alkali soil and construct an impermeable barrier layer;

[0034] Step 4: Based on Step 3, fly ash-based materials are laid using a soil covering device. At the same time, a soil conditioner is added to the fly ash-based materials. Then, saline-alkali soil is laid on top, and finally, salt-tolerant plants are planted to improve the top layer of soil.

[0035] Optionally, the proportion of the activator in step one is 2%-3%.

[0036] Optionally, the activator in step one is a sulfate material.

[0037] Optionally, the internal temperature of the ball mill in step two is typically maintained between 60°C and 90°C.

[0038] Optionally, the soil conditioner in step four includes: organic matter, microbial preparations, and biomass.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows:

[0040] This invention uses fly ash as the main raw material because fly ash improves the physical properties of soil primarily by altering porosity, reducing bulk density, improving soil structure, and increasing the temperature of the soil surface. Furthermore, fly ash itself exhibits ion exchange and hardening reactions; when applied to the soil, it reduces soil swelling and shrinkage, increases soil strength, and thus reduces soil expansion rate, which helps prevent soil erosion. Fly ash improves the chemical properties of soil primarily by altering pH, salinity, and trace elements. Additionally, fly ash can indirectly influence the activity of microorganisms and enzymes in the soil by improving its physical and chemical properties; its loose and porous nature may also promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the soil.

[0041] By using activators, particle contact is improved, structural bonds are strengthened, and the particle contact area is increased. This transforms excessive particle contact into homogeneous contact, enabling physical and chemical bonding during the curing process. This enhances strength, water stability, and durability, and solidifies heavy metals within the crystal structure. This effectively addresses the issues raised in the background technology: existing saline-alkali land improvement technologies primarily employ a "five-in-one" approach, which, while providing short-term relief from salinization, does not fundamentally solve the problem. Secondary salinization caused by groundwater return continues, resulting in minimal improvement and leaving a significant portion of saline-alkali land unresolved.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 2-3, a method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash includes a soil covering device in step four, comprising:

[0044] The base 1 has casters 2 around its perimeter, a discharge control mechanism inside the base 1, and a material placement box 3 fixedly installed at the top of the base 1. Several filter plates 4 are provided between the material placement box 3 and the base 1.

[0045] Optionally, a feed inlet 21 is fixedly installed on the top left side of the material placement box 3, a bracket 22 is fixedly installed on the outer left side of the material placement box 3, a fixed end of a drive motor 23 is fixedly installed on the bracket 22, the output end of the drive motor 23 passes through the material placement box 3 and is fixedly connected to the mixing rod 24, and a soil conditioner dosage adjustment mechanism is fixedly installed on the top right side of the material placement box 3.

[0046] Optionally, the soil conditioner dosage adjustment mechanism includes: an adjustment box 25, which is fixedly installed at the top right side of the material placement box 3; a feed inlet 26 is fixedly installed at the top of the adjustment box 25; an inclined plate 27 is fixedly installed inside the adjustment box 25; a through hole 28 is provided on the inclined plate 27; a cavity 29 is provided at the bottom left side of the adjustment box 25; a drive motor 30 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cavity 29; a turntable 31 is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor 30; and a... A short rod 33 is provided, and a support rod 32 is movably connected to the short rod 33. The other end of the support rod 32 is movably connected to a support rod 34. A slider 35 is fixedly installed on the support rod 34. The slider 35 is slidably connected to a limiting rod 36. The left end of the limiting rod 36 is fixedly installed on a fixing block 37. The bottom end of the fixing block 37 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the cavity 29. The support rod 34 contacts a through hole 28. The bottom end of the through hole 28 communicates with a connecting pipe 38. The connecting pipe 38 communicates with the inside of the material placement box 3.

[0047] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: When it is necessary to lay fly ash-based materials, the fly ash-based materials are first placed into the material placement box 3 through the feed inlet 21. Then, the soil conditioner is placed into the regulating box 25 through the feed inlet 26. Then, the drive motor 23 is started. The rotation of the drive motor 23 drives the mixing rod 24 to rotate, and at the same time, the drive motor 30 is controlled to rotate. The rotation of the drive motor 30 drives the turntable 31 fixedly connected to it to rotate. The rotation of the turntable 31 drives the support rod 32 movably connected to it to move left and right. The movement of the support rod 32 drives the support rod 34 movably connected to it to move left and right, thereby controlling the amount of soil conditioner in the regulating box 25 through the through hole 28 and the connecting pipe 38. Then, the soil conditioner and fly ash-based materials are fully mixed, and the internally lumpy fly ash-based materials are broken up. Then, by setting several filter plates 4, the appropriately sized fly ash-based materials fall into the base 1.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The invention facilitates the addition of soil conditioner by setting up the feed inlet 26; it facilitates the storage of soil conditioner by setting up the regulating box 25; it facilitates the left and right movement of support rods 32 and 34 by setting up the drive motor 30 and turntable 31; it facilitates the effective regulation of soil conditioner falling into the material placement box 3 by setting up the through hole 28 and support rod 34; it facilitates the thorough mixing of soil conditioner and fly ash-based materials by setting up the drive motor 23 and mixing rod 24, and also facilitates the crushing of large pieces of fly ash-based materials; it facilitates the effective filtration of impurities and stones in the fly ash-based materials by setting up several filter plates 4; and it facilitates the limiting of the slider 35 by setting up the limiting rod 36, making it very convenient and practical.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash, as described in Example 1 or 2, wherein the discharge control mechanism includes:

[0051] A drive motor 5 is fixedly installed in a cavity 6 within the base 1. A bevel gear 7 is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor 5. The bevel gear 7 directly meshes with a bevel gear 8, and the bottom end of the bevel gear 8 is fixedly connected to one end of a threaded rod 9. The bottom end of the threaded rod 9 passes through a moving rod 10 and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the cavity 6. The threaded rod 9 is threadedly connected to the moving rod 10, and the right end of the moving rod 10 is slidably connected up and down in a sliding groove 11. The left end of the moving rod 10 is connected to a roller 12. The roller 12 is in contact with the inclined surface of the triangular block 13, and the top of the triangular block 13 is fixedly installed with a mounting block 14. The left end of the limiting rod 15 passes through the mounting block 14 and is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cavity 6. The reset spring 16 is sleeved on the limiting rod 15 at the left end of the mounting block 14. The right end of the long rod 17 is fixedly installed on the triangular block 13, and the left end of the long rod 17 passes through several support columns 18. Several through holes 20 are provided on the long rod 17. Several discharge ports 19 are provided on the base 1 at the bottom between the support columns 18.

[0052] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: When the material falling from the filter plate 4 is laid on the ground through several discharge ports 19, and then the large area of ​​the ground is laid by driving the moving wheel 2. When it is necessary to control the thickness of the material per unit area, the drive motor 5 is started. The drive motor 5 rotates and drives the bevel gear 7 to rotate. The bevel gear 7 rotates and drives the bevel gear 8 that meshes with it to rotate. The bevel gear 8 rotates and drives the threaded rod 9 to rotate. The threaded rod 9 rotates and drives the moving rod 10 that is threaded to it to move up and down. The moving rod 10 moves up and down and drives the roller 12 to move accordingly. The roller 12 moves and drives the triangular block 13 that contacts it to move left and right, thereby causing the long rod 17 to move left and right, thereby adjusting the channel area between the through hole 20 and the support column 18. Then the material is discharged through the discharge port 19.

[0053] By setting the movable wheel 2, it is easy to move the soil covering device; by setting the drive motor 5, it is easy to move the long rod 17 left and right, thereby achieving precise control; by setting the return spring 16, it is easy to reset the triangular block 13; by setting the roller 12 and the triangular block 13, it is easy to displace the long rod 17; by setting several discharge ports 19, it is easy to lay a large area, which is very convenient and practical.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Select fly ash as the main raw material and use an activator to activate the fly ash to produce soft soil solidification material; Step 2: Add the soft soil solidification material from Step 1 to the ball mill, along with an appropriate amount of activator, to produce fly ash-based material; Step 3: Based on Step 2, use the prepared fly ash-based material to conduct a solidification test on the saline-alkali soil and construct an impermeable barrier layer; Step 4: Based on Step 3, fly ash-based materials are laid using a soil covering device. At the same time, a soil conditioner is added to the fly ash-based materials. Then, saline-alkali soil is laid on top, and finally, salt-tolerant plants are planted to improve the top layer of soil.

2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proportion of activator in step one is 2%-3%.

3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The activator in step one is a sulfate material.

4. The method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the internal temperature of the ball mill is typically maintained between 60°C and 90°C.

5. The method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil conditioner in step four includes: organic matter, microbial preparations, and biomass.

6. The method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil covering device in step four includes: The base (1) is provided with casters (2) around its periphery. The base (1) is provided with a discharge control mechanism inside. A material placement box (3) is fixedly installed on the top of the base (1). Several filter plates (4) are provided between the material placement box (3) and the base (1).

7. The method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash according to claim 6, characterized in that, The displacement control mechanism includes: A drive motor (5) is fixedly installed in a cavity (6) within a base (1). A bevel gear (7) is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor (5). The bevel gear (7) directly meshes with a bevel gear (8). The bottom end of the bevel gear (8) is fixedly connected to one end of a threaded rod (9). The bottom end of the threaded rod (9) passes through a moving rod (10) and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the cavity (6). The threaded rod (9) is threadedly connected to the moving rod (10). The right end of the moving rod (10) is slidably connected up and down in a groove (11). The left end of the moving rod (10) is connected to a roller (12). The roller (12) is in contact with the inclined surface of the triangular block (13), and the top of the triangular block (13) is fixedly installed with a mounting block (14). The left end of the limiting rod (15) passes through the mounting block (14) and is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cavity (6). The reset spring (16) is sleeved on the limiting rod (15) at the left end of the mounting block (14). The right end of the long rod (17) is fixedly installed on the triangular block (13), and the left end of the long rod (17) passes through several pillars (18). Several through holes (20) are provided on the long rod (17). Several discharge ports (19) are provided on the bottom end of the base (1) between the pillars (18).

8. The method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash according to claim 6, characterized in that, The material placement box (3) has a feed inlet (21) fixedly installed on the top left side. A bracket (22) is fixedly installed on the outer left side of the material placement box (3). The fixed end of the drive motor (23) is fixedly installed on the bracket (22). The output end of the drive motor (23) passes through the material placement box (3) and is fixedly connected to the mixing rod (24). A soil conditioner dosage adjustment mechanism is fixedly installed on the top right side of the material placement box (3).

9. A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on fly ash according to claim 8, characterized in that, The soil conditioner dosage adjustment mechanism includes: an adjustment box (25), which is fixedly installed on the top right side of the material placement box (3). A second feed inlet (26) is fixedly installed on the top of the adjustment box (25). An inclined plate (27) is fixedly installed inside the adjustment box (25). A through hole (28) is provided on the inclined plate (27). A cavity (29) is provided at the bottom left side of the adjustment box (25). A drive motor (30) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cavity (29). A turntable (31) is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor (30). A short rod is fixedly installed on the turntable (31). 33), a support rod (32) is movably connected to the short rod (33), and the other end of the support rod (32) is movably connected to the support rod (34). A slider (35) is fixedly installed on the support rod (34), and the slider (35) is slidably connected to the limiting rod (36). The left end of the limiting rod (36) is fixedly installed on the fixing block (37), and the bottom end of the fixing block (37) is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the cavity (29). The support rod (34) contacts the through hole (28), and the bottom end of the through hole (28) is connected to the connecting pipe (38). The connecting pipe (38) is connected to the inside of the material placement box (3).

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