Method and device for regulating power received from or delivered to a power supply network

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for regulating, by means of a control unit (205), power (Pbat,new) delivered by a battery (110) to an AC power supply network or power (Pbat,new) received by the battery from the network, the method comprising: - the control unit (205) receiving a measurement of a state of charge (SoC) of the battery; - the control unit calculating a first gain (Kbat,new) according to the measurement of the state of charge (SoC) of the battery; and - the control unit transmitting the first gain (Kbat,new) to a battery control circuit (210), the battery control circuit (210) being configured to control the power (Pbat,new) delivered or received by the battery according to the first gain (Kbat,new) multiplied by a network frequency deviation (Δf).

Description

DESCRIPTION TITLE: Method and device for regulating power received from or delivered to an electrical supply network. This patent application claims priority from French patent application FR2411160, filed on October 15, 2024, entitled "Method and device for regulating power received from or delivered to an electrical supply network," which will be considered an integral part of this description. Technical field

[0001] This description relates generally to the field of electronic energy management devices and systems, and in particular to a device, system, and method for regulating power received from or delivered to an electrical supply network. Prior art

[0002] A recurring challenge faced by power grids is balancing supply and demand at all times to avoid overloading the transmission network, which could lead to widespread power outages.

[0003] The system frequency is the most important indicator of an instantaneous power imbalance on the grid. Indeed, an increase in consumption leads to an increase in power demand on synchronous generating machines, thus slowing their rotational speed. Conversely, a production surplus, and therefore an increase in frequency, will result in a reduction in instantaneous power demand.

[0004] In Europe, this is the role of the transmission system operator (TSO). to ensure network stability by organizing and supervising actions and mechanisms associated with frequency control. Other countries have entities that play a similar role. In relatively large transmission networks, there are generally three frequency control layers used to address frequency deviations: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary Frequency Control (PFC), also known as Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR), is predominantly ensured by the static capability of large generators. However, the advent of demand-response (DR) technology in the development of today's smart grids has made the requesting site a new player in the stability of a power supply network.Indeed, industrial sites often want to accept a certain degree of flexibility in their power consumption in exchange for financial incentives such as reduced energy costs.

[0005] A battery capable of storing a relatively large amount of electrical energy, for example 1 MWh or more, and configured to deliver or receive a relatively large power of 100 kW or more on demand and with a relatively short response time, can be part of a demand-response solution.

[0006] There is a need for systems that optimize response dynamics and energy storage management by a battery, and there is a need to improve interactions between the battery and other devices in the power grid to save energy. Summary of the invention

[0007] For this purpose, an embodiment provides a method for regulating, by a control unit, the power delivered by a battery to an AC power supply network or the power received by the battery from the network, the method comprising: - the reception, by the control unit, of a measurement of a state of charge of the battery; - the calculation, by the control unit, of a first gain as a function of the measurement of the state of charge of the battery; and - the transmission, by the control unit, of the first gain to a battery control circuit, the battery control circuit being configured to control the power delivered or received by the battery as a function of the first gain multiplied by a frequency difference of the network.

[0008] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises: - the reception, by a central unit, of the first gain; - the transmission, by the central unit, of the first gain to a control circuit of a variable load, and - the calculation of a second gain as a function of the first gain, by the control circuit of the variable load; the control circuit of the variable load being configured to control a power delivered or received by the variable load as a function of the second gain multiplied by the frequency difference of the network.

[0009] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises: - the transmission, by the control unit, of a first reference gain to the battery control circuit; and - the transmission, by the central unit, of the first reference gain of the battery and a second reference gain of the variable load to the variable load control circuit.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the sum of the first gain and the second gain is constant.

[0011] Another embodiment provides for a control unit for regulating the power delivered by a battery to an AC power supply network or the power received by the battery from the power supply network, the control unit comprising: - a first input connected to the battery and configured to receive a state of charge of the battery; - a processor configured to calculate a first gain as a function of the state of charge of the battery; and - a first output configured to transmit the first gain to a battery control circuit, the battery control circuit being configured to control the power delivered or received by the battery as a function of the first gain multiplied by a frequency deviation of the network.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the first gain decreases if the state of charge of the battery is between a first threshold and a second threshold.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the first output is further configured to transmit the first gain to a central unit connected to a variable load.

[0014] Another embodiment provides for a regulation system comprising: - the control unit described above; - the battery control circuit connected to the control unit.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the system further comprises: - the central unit configured to receive the first gain and transmit the first gain to a variable load control circuit; and - the variable load control circuit configured to control power delivered or received by the variable load as a function of a second gain, calculated from the first gain, multiplied by the frequency difference of the network.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the variable load has an energy modulation capacity greater than a nominal operating power.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the variable load is one of: - an electrolyzer; - an electrical heat production source; - a rotating machine; and - a reversible hydraulic turbine.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the sum of a maximum power delivered or received by the battery and a maximum power delivered or received by the variable load is greater than or equal to 1MW.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the system further comprises: - a control circuit for a second battery connected to the control unit.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the system further comprises: - a control circuit for a second variable load. Brief description of the drawings

[0021] These features and advantages, as well as others, will be described in detail in the following description of particular embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, in relation to the attached figures, among which:

[0022] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0023] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating elements of the system in Figure 1 in more detail according to one embodiment of the present description;

[0024] Figure 3 is a graph representing an example of the maximum certification step up in consumption of the system of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0025] Figure 4 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the state of charge of a battery of the system of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0026] Figure 5 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the power of a battery of the system of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0027] Figure 6 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the state of charge of the battery of the system of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0028] Figure 7 is a flowchart of an algorithm for determining a new battery regulation gain of the system of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0029] Figure 8 includes two graphs representing the power delivered or received by the system in Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of a frequency difference, and illustrating an example of how the frequency difference changes. depending on the time according to a method of implementation of this description;

[0030] Figure 9A, Figure 9B, Figure 9C, Figure 9D and Figure 9E are graphs corresponding to a simulation of the system of Figure 1 and Figure 2 according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0031] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating a power supply system according to another embodiment of the present description; and

[0032] Figure 11 is a graph representing the power delivered or received by the system of Figure 10 as a function of a frequency difference, according to one embodiment of this description. Description of embodiments

[0033] The same elements have been designated by the same reference numerals in the different figures. In particular, structural and / or functional elements common to the different embodiments may have the same reference numerals and may have identical structural, dimensional and material properties.

[0034] For the sake of clarity, only the steps and elements necessary for understanding the described embodiments have been shown and are detailed. In particular, the evaluation of a frequency deviation in an AC power supply network, the evaluation of a battery's state of charge, and the evaluation of an asset's state of saturation are known to a person skilled in the art and are not detailed in this description.

[0035] In the following description, an asset is defined as a device configured to deliver or receive electricity and configured to modulate energy electrical power received or delivered in relation to an operating power.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, when referring to two connected elements, this means directly connected without any intermediate elements other than conductors, and when referring to two coupled elements, this means that these two elements can be connected or linked through one or more other elements.

[0037] In the description that follows, when referring to absolute positional qualifiers, such as the terms "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", etc., or relative positional qualifiers, such as the terms "above", "below", "superior", "inferior", etc., or to orientational qualifiers, such as the terms "horizontal", "vertical", etc., unless otherwise specified, it refers to the orientation of the figures.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the expressions "approximately", "roughly", "about", and "on the order of" mean within 10%, preferably within 5%.

[0039] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a 100 power supply system according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0040] In the example in Figure 1, system 100 includes a first customer site 102, a second customer site 104 and a central energy management system 106.

[0041] Each of the customer sites 102, 104 in system 100 corresponds to a site that includes at least one asset, with electrical power being received by customer site 102, 104 from an alternative power supply network and / or electrical power being delivered by customer site 102, 104 to the network. For example, one or more Energy supply contracts are in place involving customer sites 102, 104 and network operators, establishing a commercial relationship between the entities. Although two customer sites 102, 104 are illustrated in the example in Figure 1, in alternative embodiments there may be any number of customer sites managed by the central energy management system 106.

[0042] Each of the customer sites 102, 104 includes at least one asset which is, for example, adapted to meet current and future needs.

[0043] In the example in Figure 1, the customer site asset 102 is an energy storage reservoir, for example, a battery 110 (“BAT”), such as a lithium-ion battery or a high-capacity battery bank. The battery 110 is configured, for example, to deliver or receive a maximum power output of between 100 kW (inclusive) and 10 MW (inclusive), and for example, between 400 kW (inclusive) and 600 kW (inclusive), and preferably has a maximum power output of 500 kW. The battery 110 is referred to as a “limited reservoir,” meaning that the battery 110 has a limited storage capacity, such as between 100 kWh and 10 MWh, and for example, between 1 MWh and 10 MWh.

[0044] The battery 110 is, for example, coupled to a first control unit 112 (“CRTL”) on site via a battery management system 114 (“BMS”). The first control unit 112 includes, for example, a first monitoring and control interface 116 (“PMS-PLC”) and a first communication and control interface 118 (“POOL-PLC”). The first monitoring and control interface 116 is, for example, a programmable logic controller (“PLC”), for example configured to implement power management, similar to the role of a Power Management System (PMS), or configured to implement a Request Response (DR) box.

[0045] The first monitoring and control interface 116 is, for example, coupled to one or more first on-site measuring devices 120 (METERS) configured to monitor active and reactive power for one and / or all three phases, and / or other electrical properties. For example, the first on-site measuring devices 120 include one or more electrical measuring devices monitoring electrical current supplied to and / or received by the site, and one or more electrical measuring devices monitoring electrical current delivered by or received from battery 110, one or more electrical measuring devices monitoring phases of electrical signals, and one or more AC (alternating current) frequency meters monitoring the frequency of electrical supply voltages present on the electrical network, as seen by the site 102.Other properties that can be measured include electrical energy and power factor. The first monitoring and control interface 116 is configured, for example, to receive measurement data from the first on-site measuring devices 120.

[0046] The first control unit 112 is configured for example to provide the communication interface between the customer site 102 and the central management system 106, for example via the first communication and control interface 118.

[0047] The first communication and control interface 118 is, for example, configured to communicate with the central energy management system 106, and in some This is the case with client equipment, via the Internet. For example, although not shown in Figure 1, the connection between the first communication and control interface 118 and the Internet is made either via a switched communication network, such as an ADSL modem (asymmetric digital subscriber line), or via a wireless connection, such as a cellular communication network. The connection between the first communication and control interface 118 and the Internet is, for example, a secure connection, such as using a VPN (Virtual Private Network).

[0048] In the example in Figure 1, the asset at customer site 104 is a variable load, for example, an electrolyzer 121 (“ELY”), such as a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. Electrolyzer 121 is configured, for example, to deliver a power output greater than or equal to 600 kW and, for example, greater than or equal to 1500 kW. Electrolyzer 121 is a variable load, described as an “unlimited reservoir”; that is, electrolyzer 121 has an energy modulation capacity greater than, for example, at least 50%, its rated operating power, which it is configured to deliver or receive. In other words, electrolyzer 121 has a relatively large virtual energy storage capacity. The variable load is configured to modulate its consumption, up or down, around its rated operating power to virtually deliver or receive power.In other embodiments, not illustrated, the electrolyzer 121 is replaced by another variable load, for example an electrical heat production source. a rotating machine (fan, pump), or a reversible hydraulic turbine.

[0049] The dynamics of a system comprising several variable loads, for example comprising several electrolyzers, connected to each other electrically and in communication or control, is for example slower than the dynamics of a system comprising only one or more batteries and the control specifications of the transmission network manager.

[0050] Customer site 104, for example, includes a second control unit 122 playing a similar role to the first control unit 112 of customer site 102, and which will not be described in detail again. The second control unit 122 includes, for example, a second monitoring and control interface 126 (“PLC”) and a second communication and control interface 128 (“CTRL”), which are similar, for example, to the first monitoring and control interface 116 and the first communication and control interface 118.

[0051] The second monitoring and control interface 126 is for example coupled to one or more second on-site measuring devices 130 (METERS) playing a role similar to the first on-site measuring devices 120.

[0052] The electrolyzer 121 is for example coupled to the second control unit 122 via a programmable logic controller master 134 (“PLC Master”).

[0053] Although in the example in Figure 1 only one control unit 112, 122 is provided for each site 102, 104, in alternative embodiments some sites could include several control units.

[0054] The central management system 106 includes, for example, a command and data acquisition system 138, which is, for example, implemented by a distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) or which is, for example, a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, responsible for receiving data from each of the communication and control interfaces 118, 128, and is configured to provide control signals to the customer sites 102, 104. In addition, the control and data acquisition system 138 is, for example, responsible for acquiring and storing data measurements from the sites 102, 104, and also information concerning the status of the sites, such as a state of charge (SoC) of the battery 110 and a saturation state (Sat) of the electrolyzer 121. The control and data acquisition system 138 includes, for example, a planning monitoring circuit 140 and a central interface 142 (Pool gateway).The central interface 142 is configured, for example, to receive and send data to sites 102, 104 and to the control and planning circuit 140.

[0055] The central energy management system 106 also includes, for example, a distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) 150, which is, for example, a computer platform configured to organize the distribution of resources between loads or batteries of various customer sites of the system 100. The DERMS 150 also provides, for example, an interface with a market server and with an electricity network operator server.

[0056] For example, the market server provides information on electricity prices for current and / or future periods, and information on activations requested by the electricity grid operator. The electricity grid operator's server, for example, corresponds to an IT platform of a grid operator. Electricity supplying electricity to customer sites 102, 104. In Europe, the electricity network operator corresponds, for example, to the transmission system operator (TSO) and / or the distributed system operator (DSO). For example, the electricity network operator's server provides activation commands to the DERMS 150, and the DERMS 150 provides control data, such as monitoring data and / or load status, to the electricity network operator's server.

[0057] The DERMS 150, for example, is configured to determine how energy use at customer sites 102 and 104 can be adjusted based on electricity prices for current and / or future periods in order to reduce energy costs and / or generate revenue at the customer sites, for example, through reductions in raw material charges or by balancing services in the grid. For example, the DERMS 150 is configured to transmit control signals to customer sites 102 and 104 indicating periods during which charging battery 110 from the electrical grid should be prioritized, for example, due to relatively low electricity prices, and periods during which discharging battery 110 back into the electrical grid should be prioritized, for example, due to relatively high electricity prices.

[0058] Figure 2 is a diagram 200 illustrating elements of system 100 of Figure 1 in more detail according to one embodiment of the present description.

[0059] Some elements in Figure 2 correspond to elements in Figure 1. These elements are referenced with the same references as in Figure 1 and will not be described again in detail.

[0060] The alternative power supply network, not shown, is configured, for example, to deliver alternating voltage or current at a target frequency, for example 50 Hz, to consumers. The power delivered by the grid to consumers is, for example, generated by a set of assets configured to deliver power to the grid. A frequency deviation ∆f of the grid frequency is, for example, an indicator of a change in consumer demand. System 100, for example, is configured to generate a total power ∆P poolvarying over time to respond to changing demand. For example, system 100 is configured to evaluate or receive the frequency deviation ∆f and to generate the power ∆P pool depending on the frequency difference ∆f. Variations in power ∆P pool for example, they allow you to compensate for a temporary increase or decrease in the power available on the network.

[0061] According to one embodiment, system 100 is configured to operate in Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) mode. For example, system 100 is configured to deliver or receive a maximum total power over a predefined period, for a given maximum frequency deviation ∆fmax. For example, for a maximum frequency deviation ∆fmax of 200 MHz, system 100 is configured to deliver or receive a maximum total power of 1 MW for 15 minutes. The total power ∆P pool then corresponds to the sum of a commitment power P bat of the 110 battery and an engagement power P ely of the electrolyzer 121. The powers P bat and P elycorrespond to the maximum powers delivered or received respectively by battery 110 and electrolyzer 121. In particular, when the frequency deviation ∆f is equal to ∆fmax, each asset is configured to deliver or receive its commitment power. For example, P bat =400 kW and P ely =600 kW. The 110 battery therefore has a Commitment of energy greater than or equal to 100 kWh to be able to deliver or receive 400 kW for 15 minutes. Power P bat and P ely are, for example, set at the beginning of an FCR engagement by the DERMS 150 in Figure 1. Powered by P bat corresponds to a first regulation gain K bat for example configured so that P bat =+K bat∙∆fmax. By convention, we have a positive sign here for production assets because it is a battery configured in the "behind the meter" (BTM) position. In other examples, for example in the case of direct injection, the sign would be negative. In this example, we have K bat = 2kW / mHz. Similarly, at power P ely corresponds to a second regulation gain K ely configured so that P ely =K ely∙ ∆fmax. In this example, we have K ely =3 kW / mHz.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the DERMS 150 of Figure 1 is configured to transmit the first regulation gain K bat and the second regulation gain K ely to the control and data acquisition system 138 of system 100. We note K pool a total regulatory gain, K pool being equal to the sum of K bat and K ely In theory, the power ∆P poolis equal to the multiplication of K pool by the frequency difference ∆f.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the control and data acquisition system 138 is configured to transmit the first regulation gain K bat and a Sat saturation state of the electrolyzer 121 to an adjustment circuit 205 (“REG K bat " of the first regulation gain K bat The adjustment circuit 205 is further configured to receive a state of charge (SoC) measurement from battery 110. Battery 110 is configured to store energy. When battery 110 delivers power, the amount of energy stored by battery 110 decreases. When battery 110 receives power, the amount of energy stored by the Battery 110 increases. The ratio between the amount of energy stored by battery 110 at a given moment and its maximum capacity or useful energy, denoted E batThis is called its state of charge ("SoC"), for example expressed as a percentage. The maximum capacity E bat The battery capacity of 110 is, for example, greater than or equal to 500 kWh (inclusive) and is, for example, greater than or equal to 650 kWh (inclusive). The maximum capacity E bat The capacity of battery 110 is, for example, between 680 kWh (inclusive) and 710 kWh (inclusive) for a discharge of battery 110 and, for example, between 750 kWh (inclusive) and 770 kWh (inclusive) for a charge of battery 110. The maximum capacity E bat decreases for example with the aging of the battery 110.

[0064] The adjustment circuit 205 is, for example, configured to calculate a new regulation gain K bat,new starting from K bat Sat and SoC. The gain K bat,newis calculated by taking into account the state of charge (SoC) of battery 110 and the saturation state (Sat) of electrolyzer 121 to optimize the distribution of power to be delivered or received by system 100 between its assets. For example, electrolyzer 121 is used to deliver power if the state of charge (SoC) is low and to receive power if the state of charge (SoC) is high.

[0065] The adjustment circuit 205 is for example a circuit of the first control unit 112 and for example a circuit of the first monitoring and control interface 116.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the adjustment circuit 205 can be deactivated. The new regulation gain K bat,new is then equal to K bat , regardless of the state of charge SoC of battery 110 and the state of saturation of electrolyzer 121.

[0067] The adjustment circuit 205 is, for example, configured to transmit the new regulation gain K bat,new At control and data acquisition system 138 and a first conversion circuit 210 (“CONV”).

[0068] According to one embodiment, the first conversion circuit 210 is configured to receive the new regulation gain K bat,new of the adjustment circuit 205 and to receive the frequency deviation ∆f. The frequency deviation ∆f is, for example, estimated or measured by the first on-site measuring devices 120 of Figure 1. The first conversion circuit 210 is configured to generate a first power ∆P bat The power ∆P bat is, for example, calculated by multiplying K bat,new by ∆f. The first conversion circuit 210 is configured to transmit the power ∆P batto battery 110. The first conversion circuit 210 is for example a circuit of the first control unit 112 and for example a circuit of the first monitoring and control interface 116.

[0069] Battery 110, for example, includes internal control circuits, not shown. Battery 110 is configured, for example, to deliver or receive power P bat,new The power P bat,new is, for example, equal to the power ∆P bat .

[0070] According to one embodiment, the power P bat,new is, for example, equal to the sum of the powers ∆P bat and a power P0. The power P0 corresponds to the power to be delivered by battery 110 when ∆f is zero. P0 is, for example, zero if battery 110 is configured to deliver or receive power, linked to the FCR, exclusively to the network, and P0 is, for example, non-zero if battery 110 is also used elsewhere.

[0071] Battery 110, for example, is configured to evaluate its state of charge (SoC) and transmit it to the adjustment circuit 205.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the control and data acquisition system 138 is further configured to transmit the first regulation gain K bat , the second regulation gain K ely and the new K regulation gain bat,new to a second 220 conversion circuit (“CONV”). The second 220 conversion circuit is, for example, a circuit of the second control unit 122 and, for example, a circuit of the second monitoring and control interface 126. The second 220 conversion circuit is, for example, configured to calculate a new regulation gain K ely,new for electrolyzer 121 from K ely , from K bat and K bat,new For example, K ely,new is calculated so that K bat,new +K ely,new =K bat +K ely=K pool .

[0073] According to one embodiment, the second conversion circuit 220 is further configured to receive the frequency deviation ∆f. The frequency deviation ∆f is, for example, estimated or measured by the second on-site measuring devices 130 of Figure 1. The second conversion circuit 220 is configured to generate a second power ∆P ely The power ∆P ely is, for example, calculated by multiplying K ely,new by ∆f. The second 220 conversion circuit is configured to transmit the power ∆P ely to the electrolyzer 121. The second conversion circuit 220 is for example a circuit of the second control unit 122 and for example a circuit of the second monitoring and control interface 126.

[0074] The second conversion circuit 220 is, for example, configured to determine the saturation state of the electrolyzer 121, for example by comparing the frequency deviation ∆f to a threshold frequency deviation ∆f sat , the threshold frequency deviation ∆f sat being calculated, for example, as a function of K ely,new and P ely , for example by P ely / K ely,new .

[0075] Electrolyzer 121, for example, is configured to receive the power ∆P ely in control and to consume the power P ely,new The power P ely,new is, for example, equal to the sum of the powers ∆P ely and a power P0'. The power P0' corresponds to a nominal operating power consumed by the electrolyzer 121 when ∆f is zero.

[0076] We denote P poolthe sum of the powers delivered or received by each of the system's assets 100. In the example in Figure 1, battery 110 delivers or receives a power P bat,new and the electrolyzer 121 consumes a power P ely,new therefore P pool =P bat,new +P ely,new =∆P bat +P0+∆P ely +P0'. Power distribution P pool The relationship between assets varies, for example, over time.

[0077] The power P pool thus delivered or received by the assets of system 100 corresponds to the sum 240 of the power P bat,new and the power P ely,new .

[0078] According to one embodiment, illustrated in Figure 2, the total power ∆P pool corresponds to the difference 250 between the power P pool and a power P baseline : ∆P pool =P pool -P baseline The power P baseline corresponds to the sum of the powers P0 and P0'. Therefore, we have: ∆P pool =∆P bat +∆Pely = K pool∙ ∆f.

[0079] Although, in the example described in relation to Figure 2, the adjustment circuit 205, the first conversion circuit 210 and the battery 110 are described in a system also comprising the control and data acquisition system 138 and elements of the second customer site 104, they could also be implemented independently.

[0080] Figure 3 is a graph representing an example of a maximum certification tier at the upward level of consumption of system 100 of figure 1 and figure 2 according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0081] Powers (“P [W]”) are represented as a function of time (“T [s]”).

[0082] According to one embodiment, a control signal, for example sent by the DERMS 150 of Figure 1 to the control and data acquisition system 138, commands the system 100 to deliver or receive the power ∆P pool distributed between the power ∆P bat,new delivered by battery 110 of system 100 and the power ∆P ely,new consumed by the electrolyzer 121 of system 100.

[0083] An activation time (AT) corresponds, for example, to the delay between an asset receiving a command and a change in its output, for example, one exceeding a measurement uncertainty. A response time (RT) corresponds to the time required for an asset to reach, for example, 95% of a target value after receiving a command.

[0084] In the example in Figure 3, the power P bat,newThe power delivered by battery 110 is represented by a curve 310. Battery 110 delivers, for example, a power going from 0kW to power P bat in approximately 3 seconds. The power P ely,new The power delivered by electrolyzer 121 is represented by curve 320. Electrolyzer 121 delivers, for example, a power increasing from 0 kW to power P ely in approximately 20 seconds. A curve 330 corresponds to the evolution of the power P pool over time. Battery 110 has a short response time compared to a variable load such as electrolyzer 121 and allows for a reduction in the response time of system 100, which includes at least one battery and one or more variable loads. System 100 has an activation time corresponding to the shorter of the activation time of battery 110 and the activation time of electrolyzer 121.

[0085] The variable load, for example the electrolyzer 121, has, for example, a large useful energy compared to the useful energy E bat of the 110 battery. One advantage of the 100 system comprising at least one battery and one or more variable loads is therefore a relatively short response time for a relatively large useful energy.

[0086] Figure 4 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the state of charge SoC of battery 110 (“SoC [%]”) of system 100 of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of time (“T[h]”) according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0087] In the example in Figure 4, the charging time for battery 110 from 12% to 95% is approximately 1.5 hours. The discharging time for battery 110 from 97% to 12% is approximately 1.25 hours.

[0088] The usable state of charge SoC of the 110 battery is, for example, from 12% to 97%.

[0089] Figure 5 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the power (“P[kW]”) of battery 110 of system 100 of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of time (“T[h]”) according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0090] In the example in Figure 5, Battery 110 is configured to deliver 210 kW until 0 a.m., then to deliver 500 kW between 0 a.m. and 1.5 a.m., then to deliver approximately 0 kW between 1.5 a.m. and 4 a.m., then to receive 500 kW between 4 a.m. and 5.3 a.m., then to deliver approximately 0 kW after 5.3 a.m.

[0091] The maximum power delivered by battery 110 is 500 kW and the maximum power received by battery 110 is 500 kW. The activation delay for battery 110 is For example, between 200 ms (inclusive) and 300 ms (inclusive). A response time for battery 110, for example, is between 600 ms (inclusive) and 700 ms (inclusive).

[0092] Figure 6 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the state of charge (“SoC [%]”) of the battery 110 of the system 100 of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of time (“T”), by a curve 610, according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0093] The state of charge (SoC) of battery 110 varies between 0% and 100% of its usable state of charge depending on the power received or delivered over time. For example, between 0 and t2, the majority of power is delivered by battery 110, and its SoC decreases. After t2, the majority of power is received by battery 110, and its SoC increases.

[0094] The state of charge (SoC), for example, is divided into several charge levels. The new regulation gain K bat,newThe value applied to battery 110 is, for example, defined according to the state of charge (SoC) of battery 110 and the corresponding charge level. In the example in Figure 6, a state of charge value "SoC_target" corresponds to a target state of charge value, for example, a desired value for battery 110. The new regulation gain K bat,new is also defined, for example, based on a comparison between SoC and SoC_target.

[0095] For example, a first reserve level corresponds to state of charge values ​​between 0% and a SoC value min and a second reserve level corresponds to state of charge values ​​between a SoC value max and 100%. SoC min and SoC max correspond to the states of charge (SoC) required for the 110 battery to meet its FCR commitment. Noting t FCR a commitment period, SoC min =Pbat ∙t FCR / E bat The duration of the commitment FCR is, for example, determined according to FCR engagement rules, for example, those set by the TSO of the geographical area of ​​the site concerned. For example, for t FCR =15 min, SoC min corresponds to the minimum state of charge (SoC) required for the battery 110 to deliver the power P bat over a period of 15 minutes. Similarly, SoC max =1-P bat ∙t FCR / E bat and SoC max corresponds to the maximum state of charge (SoC) required for battery 110 to receive power P bat over a period of 15 minutes. SoC reserve charge states min and SoC max They are, for example, not symmetrical, for instance, if the charging efficiency differs from the discharging efficiency. It is preferable for the state of charge (SoC) to be between SoC min and SoC maxso that battery 110 can meet its FCR commitment. According to one embodiment, when the state of charge of battery 110 is at the first reserve level or the second reserve level, the new regulation gain K bat,new applied to battery 110 is equal to K bat so that the battery can verify its FCR engagement.

[0096] A first level of repulsion corresponds to state of charge values ​​between SoC min and a SoC value rep.down , the SoC value rep.down being greater than SoC min A second level of repulsion corresponds to state of charge values ​​between a SoC value rep.up and SoC max , the SoC value rep.up being less than SoC max Let t be a repulsion time. rep , we have SoC rep.down =P bat ∙t rep / E bat and SoC rep.up =1- SoC rep.downAccording to one embodiment, a first repulsion duration t is considered rep.up for charging battery 110 and a second repulsion time t rep.down for the discharge of battery 110. We then have: SoC rep.down =P bat ∙t rep.down / E bat and SoC rep.up =1-P bat ∙t rep.up / E bat According to one embodiment, when the state of charge of the battery 110 is at the first level of repulsion or the second level of repulsion, the new regulatory gain K bat,new applied to battery 110 is less than K bat to reduce the power delivered to or received by the battery 110 and slow down the progression of the state of charge (SoC) towards the SoC limit values min and SoC max .

[0097] According to one embodiment, the new regulation gain K bat,new is variable and depends on the difference between the state of charge SoC and SoC min or SoC maxFor example, the new regulation gain K bat,new decreases as SoC approaches SoC min or SoC max .

[0098] For example, the new regulation gain K ely,new the electrolyzer 121 is greater than K ely to compensate.

[0099] A first level of attraction corresponds to state of charge values ​​between SoC rep.down and a value "SoC_target-db", the value of SoC_target-db being between SoC rep.down and SoC_target. A second level of attraction corresponds to load state values ​​between a value of "SoC_target+db" and SoC rep.up , the value SoC_target+db being between SoC_target and SoC rep.up According to one embodiment, when the state of charge of battery 110 is at the first or second level of attraction, the new regulation gain K bat,new applied to battery 110 is less than K batto reduce the power delivered to or received by the battery 110 and slow the deviation of the state of charge (SoC) from the target value (SoC_target). For example, the new regulation gain K ely,new the electrolyzer 121 is greater than K ely to compensate. According to another embodiment, when the state of charge of battery 110 is at the first or second level of attraction, the new regulation gain K bat,new applied to battery 110 is equal to K bat .

[0100] A neutral level corresponds, for example, to state-of-load values ​​between SoC_target-db and SoC_target+db. The db factor is, for example, a parameter set to prevent unstable behavior when SoC is close to SoC_target. According to one embodiment, the new regulation gain K bat,new applied to battery 110 is then equal to K bat .

[0101] One advantage of having several assets with different dynamics is the ability to vary the regulation gains of the assets while maintaining a constant total power delivered or received.

[0102] One advantage of varying the regulation gains of system assets 100 over time based on the battery's state of charge (SoC) 110 is the ability to reduce the time spent in the first and second reserve levels. The first and second reserve levels are configured so that the power P bat can be delivered over the duration t FCR In the event of a critical frequency excursion, for example, higher power or engagement time is possible thanks to the variation and optimization of regulation gains, and, for example, fewer batteries are needed to meet a grid demand.

[0103] Although seven load levels are shown in the example in Figure 6, in other embodiments not shown, a number greater or less than seven load levels is possible.

[0104] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a 700 algorithm for determining the new regulation gain K bat,new of battery 110 of system 100 of figure 1 and figure 2 as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0105] Algorithm 700, for example, is executed by the adjustment circuit 205 and is configured, for example, to calculate the new regulation gain K bat,new of battery 110. The new K regulation gain bat,new consists of a regulation gain K bat up,new to be applied to battery 110 if it is charging, i.e., receiving power, and with a regulation gain K bat.dw,newto be applied to battery 110 if it is discharging, that is to say, it is delivering power.

[0106] Similarly, the new K regulation gain ely,new consists of a regulation gain K ely up,new to be applied to the electrolyzer if it is in a phase of increasing consumption, that is to say, if it consumes power greater than its nominal operating power, and with a regulation gain K ely.dw,new to be applied to electrolyzer 121 if it is in a phase of decreasing consumption, that is, if it consumes less power than its nominal operating power. In the absence of further specification, when K is mentioned ely,new In this description, it refers to K ely.dw,new if the electrolyzer 121 is discharging and K ely.up,new if the electrolyzer 121 is charging.

[0107] The following variables, for example, are stored in a memory of the adjustment circuit 205: Kbat , t FCR , ∆fmax, E bat , t rep , dB and K adj These values ​​can, for example, be modified over time. For example, when a commitment to FCR is made, the P values bat , t FCR K bat and ∆fmax are fixed, for example by the DERMS 150 in Figure 1, for example until a new commitment is made. The control and data acquisition system 138 is configured, for example, to receive one or more of these values ​​from the DERMS 150 and to transmit them to the circuits 205 and 220 in Figure 2. The value of P bat or K bat is, for example, calculated by P bat =K bat ∙∆fmax. The value of E bat is defined by The battery 110 and decreases, for example, with the aging of the battery 110. For example, the internal control circuits of the battery 110 measure the value of E bat and sends it to adjustment circuit 205. The t valuesrep , dB and K adj They are, for example, fixed or variable. They are, for example, determined experimentally or through simulations. Furthermore, the SoC values min , SoC max , SoC rep.up and SoC rep.down are calculated according to the formulas detailed in relation to figure 6 and are for example stored in the memory of circuit 205.

[0108] In an initial state 705 (“IN”), the state of charge SoC of the battery 110 is read, for example, by the adjustment circuit 205. For example, the internal control circuits of the battery 110 measure the state of charge SoC and send it to the adjustment circuit 205.

[0109] As an example, as illustrated in Figure 7, the initial state 705 is activated as soon as the FCR engagement is initiated. For example, an activation condition is: “Kbat>0 OR Kbat<0”. The algorithm then executes cyclically.

[0110] As an alternative (not shown), the initial state 705 is activated when a variable is changed, or when the state of charge (SoC) changes, or when the saturation state (Sat) of the electrolyzer 121 changes. The saturation state (Sat) is, for example, evaluated by internal control circuits of the electrolyzer 121 and sent to the adjustment circuit 205, for example via the control and data acquisition system 138.

[0111] In a state 710 following the initial state 705, the SoC charge state is for example compared to SoC_target–db and to SoC_target+db to determine whether the SoC charge state belongs to the neutral level, detailed in relation to Figure 6.

[0112] If the load state SoC belongs to the neutral level (output Y of block 710), that is: SoC_target–db ≤ SoC ≤ SoC_target+db, then the algorithm enters state 715. We then have: K bat.up,new =K bat

[0113] If the SoC load state does not belong to the neutral level (output N of block 710), then the algorithm enters state 720. In state 720, the SoC load state is compared, for example, to SoC_target+db and to SoC rep.up to determine if the state of charge SoC belongs to the second level of attraction, detailed in relation to Figure 6.

[0114] If the SoC charge state belongs to the second attraction level (output Y of block 720), that is: SoC_target+db < SoC ≤ SoC rep.up , then the algorithm enters state 725. We then have: K bat.up,new =K bat -K adj and K bat.dw,new =K bat .

[0115] If the charge state SoC does not belong to the second attraction level (output N of block 720), then the algorithm enters state 730. In state 730, the charge state SoC is compared to SoC rep.downand to SoC_target-db to determine if the SoC charge state belongs to the first level of attraction, detailed in relation to Figure 6.

[0116] If the state of charge SoC belongs to the first level of attraction (output Y of block 730), that is to say: SoC rep.down If SoC < SoC_target-db, then the algorithm enters state 735. We then have: K bat.up,new =K bat and K bat.dw,new =K bat -K adj .

[0117] If the charge state SoC does not belong to the first attraction level (output N of block 730), then the algorithm enters state 740. In state 740, algorithm 700 determines, for example, whether the charge state SoC belongs to the first or second repulsion level ("(SoC rep.up < SoC ≤ SoC max ) Or (SoC min ≤ SoC < SoC rep.down )"), detailed in relation to figure 6.

[0118] If the state of charge SoC belongs to the first or second repulsion level (output Y of block 740), that is: SoC rep.up < SoC ≤ SoC max or SoC min ≤ SoC < SoC rep.down , then the algorithm enters state 750.

[0119] In state 750 (“Ely in Saturation Mode”), the Sat saturation state of electrolyzer 121 is read, for example.

[0120] If, in state 750, the electrolyzer 121 is saturated (output Y of block 750), that is to say, for example, the power consumed by the electrolyzer 121 is at its maximum value P ely , or greater than a threshold set at a lower level up to 5% of the maximum value P ely, Then the algorithm enters state 755. We then have: K bat.up,new =K bat and K bat.dw,new =K bat Although the state of charge (SoC) is at a repulsive level, it is not possible to compensate for a variation in P bat,newby an increase in P ely,new .

[0121] If, during state 750, the electrolyzer 121 is not saturated (output N of block 750), then the algorithm enters state 760. In the example of Figure 7, we then have: values ​​of K bat.up,new and K bat.dw,new decrease all the more as the value of SoC approaches SoC min or SoC max This has the advantage of maintaining the state of charge (SoC) outside of reserve levels for a relatively longer period. According to another embodiment, not shown in Figure 7, the values ​​of K bat.up,new and K bat.dw,new are reduced by a constant factor with respect to K bat .

[0122] In the embodiment where the first repulsion duration t is considered rep.up for battery charging 110 and the second repulsion time t rep.down For the discharge of battery 110, we have: ^ௌ^^ିௌ^^^^^^∙ா^^௧ ^ௌ^^^^௫ିௌ^^^∙ா^^௧ K bat.up,new=min( ; ) and ௧^^^,௨^∙∆^୫ୟ^ ௧^^^,௨^∙∆^୫ୟ^

[0123] If, in state 740, the SoC charge state belongs neither to the first repulsion level nor to the second repulsion level (output N of block 740), then the algorithm enters state 770. In state 770, algorithm 700 determines, for example, whether the SoC charge state belongs to the first reserve level or the second reserve level ("(SoC max (SoC) Or (SoC < SoC min )"), detailed in relation to figure 6.

[0124] If the state of charge (SoC) belongs to the first reserve level or the second reserve level (output Y of block 770), that is: SoC max < SoC or SoC < SoC min , then the algorithm enters state 775. We then have: K bat.up,new =K bat and K bat.dw,new =K bat .

[0125] If, during state 770, the SoC load state belongs neither to the first reserve level nor to the second reserve level (output N of block 770), then the algorithm returns to state 710.

[0126] According to another embodiment, not illustrated in Figure 7, the values ​​of K bat.up,new and K bat.dw,new are reduced by a constant factor with respect to K bat .

[0127] Although in Figure 7 states 710, 720, 730, 740 and 770 are executed in that order following the negative outputs (“N”), in other embodiments, not shown, these states are executed in a different order following the negative outputs (“N”).

[0128] Figure 8 comprises two graphs, 800 and 850, representing the powers (“∆P”) delivered or received by the system 100 of Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a function of the frequency difference ∆f, and representing an example evolution of the frequency difference ∆f as a function of time T according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0129] A curve 810 represents the evolution of ∆P bat as a function of the frequency difference ∆f, with K bat,new defined according to algorithm 700 in figure 7.

[0130] A curve 815 represents the evolution of ∆P bat depending on the frequency difference ∆f, if the new regulation gain K bat,new is constant and equal to K bat .

[0131] A curve 820 represents the evolution of ∆P ely as a function of the frequency difference ∆f, with K ely,new =K pool -K bat,new K bat,new being defined according to algorithm 700 of figure 7.

[0132] A curve 825 represents the evolution of ∆P ely depending on the frequency difference ∆f, if the new regulation gain K ely,new is constant and equal to K ely .

[0133] A curve 830 represents the evolution of ∆P pool depending on the frequency difference ∆f.

[0134] When ∆f=0, we have ∆P bat =P0 and ∆P ely =P0'.

[0135] In theory, we have ∆P pool =K pool ∙∆f for a frequency difference ∆f less than or equal to ∆fmax. Therefore ∆P pool is proportional to ∆f for ∆f less than or equal to ∆fmax. For a frequency difference ∆f greater than ∆fmax, the total power ∆P pool delivered or received by system 100 is, for example, constant and corresponds to P bat +P ely , for example as defined by an FCR commitment. The regulatory gain K pool is for example constant over time and for example defined by the commitment in FCR.

[0136] In the absence of regulation of K gains bat,new and K ely,new , that is, if K bat,new is constant and equal to K bat and that K ely,new is constant and equal to K ely, then ∆P bat =K bat ∙∆f and ∆P ely =K ely ∙∆f, for a frequency difference ∆f less than or equal to ∆fmax. The Curves 815 and 825 are therefore linear between 0 and ∆fmax and respectively reach P bat and P ely for ∆f=∆fmax.

[0137] When the gains K bat,new and K ely,new are regulated, for example according to algorithm 700 in Figure 7, K bat,new is, for example, less than or equal to K bat and K ely,new is, for example, greater than or equal to K ely In the example in Figure 8, the gains K bat,new and K ely,new are constant for a frequency difference ∆f less than ∆f sat with K bat,new less than K bat and K ely,new greater than K ely Curves 810 and 820 are linear between 0 and the threshold frequency deviation ∆f sat The threshold frequency deviation ∆f satFor example, in discharge, when the state of charge SoC is at the first level of repulsion, it is defined by:

[0138] [Math 1]

[0139] i.e.:

[0140] [Math 2] . ^^^^ ^^^^^. ∆fmax

[0141] The threshold frequency deviation ∆f sat is defined, for example, under load, when the state of charge (SoC) is at the second level of repulsion, by:

[0142] [Math 3]

[0143] i.e.:

[0144] [Math 4] ^^ ^^^^ ^^ , ^ ൌ ^^^^^^ ௧௨ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^. ^^^^^^^^ െ ^100 െ ^^^^^^^. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^. ∆fmax

[0145] The threshold frequency deviation ∆f sat is, for example, variable and depends on the gain K ely,new applied to electrolyzer 121. In the example of curves 815 and 825, we have ∆f sat =∆fmax. In the example of curves 810 and 820, ∆f satis less than ∆fmax. Electrolyzer 121 saturates for a frequency difference less than ∆fmax.

[0146] When ∆f=∆f sat , we have ∆P ely =P ely According to algorithm 700, the gain K bat,new is then reduced to the value K bat and K ely,new is reduced to the value K ely Consequently. In the example of curves 810 and 820, for ∆f between ∆f sat and ∆fmax, we have K bat,new =K bat, K ely,new =K ely and ∆P bat and ∆P ely are respectively less than P bat and P ely In particular, ∆P bat increases when electrolyzer 121 saturates and ∆P ely decreases to become less than P ely and remain in a state that allows one to fulfill their FCR commitment.

[0147] A curve 860 corresponds to an example of the evolution of the frequency difference ∆f as a function of time T. When ∆f becomes greater than ∆f sat, the state of charge SoC of battery 110 becomes for example at a reserve level as defined in relation to figure 6.

[0148] The value of ∆f sat is less than or equal to ∆fmax. When K ely,new is greater than K ely , the value of ∆f sat is less than ∆fmax.

[0149] Figures 9A to 9E are graphs corresponding to a simulation of system 100 of figure 1 and figure 2 according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0150] In the example of figures 9A to 9E, ∆fmax=200 mHz, t FCR =15 min, t rep =5 min, P pool =1000 kW, P ely =600 kW, P bat =400 kW, E bat =500 kWh, SoC min =20%, SoC max =80%, SoC_target=65%, db=2%, K adj=0.7 kW / mHz and the initial state of charge of battery 110 of system 100 is equal to 35%. A charging efficiency of battery 110 is for example 1 and a discharging efficiency of battery 110 is for example 1.

[0151] In Figure 9A, a curve 905 represents the evolution of the state of charge SoC of the battery 110 over time (“T [s]”) and a curve 910 represents the evolution of the frequency deviation (“∆f [mHz]”) over time T.

[0152] Curve 905 corresponds to the use of battery 110 in which the new regulation gain K bat,new is variable and calculated according to algorithm 700 in figure 7.

[0153] The frequency deviation ∆f takes a value less than 200 mHz at approximately 8000 s and at approximately 12000 s. Otherwise, the frequency deviation ∆f takes values ​​strictly between -200 mHz and 200 mHz so ∆f remains less than ∆fmax over the time interval of figure 9A.

[0154] The state of charge (SoC) is between approximately 0.18 or 18% and 0.63 or 63%. In particular, the state of charge (SoC) is less than SoC min between a time t1 and a time t2 with t1 approximately equal to 8000 s and t2 approximately equal to 11000 s.

[0155] Figure 9B shows curve 905 from Figure 9A and curve 915 shows the evolution of the state of charge (SoC) of battery 110 over time ("T [s]") for K bat,new constant and equal to K bat .

[0156] Although the 905 curve takes values ​​lower than SoC minIt remains at the first reserve level for a shorter period than the 915 curve. Indeed, the 915 curve has values ​​lower than SoC min between a time t0 and a time t3 with t0 approximately equal to 2500 s and t3 approximately equal to 16500 s.

[0157] Using the 700 algorithm reduces the time the 110 battery remains at a reserve level, enabling it, for example, to meet a fixed frequency response (FCR) commitment during more extreme situations or to fulfill an FCR commitment with a greater constraint on duration, power, or maximum frequency deviation. Consequently, relatively fewer batteries, or batteries with lower total capacity, are used for a power grid. Furthermore, the use of variable load is also relatively better optimized, and there is, for example, relatively less production loss for variable load.

[0158] In Figure 9C, a curve 920 represents the evolution of K ely.up,new A curve 925 represents the evolution of K ely.dw,new A curve 930 represents the evolution of K bat.up,new and curve 935 represents the evolution of K bat.dw,new as a function of time (“T [s]”).

[0159] Between 0 s and 2500 s and between 16500 s and 29000 s, curve 905 is at the first level of attraction, therefore K bat.up,new =K bat and K bat.dw,new =K bat -K adj K ely.up,new =K pool -K bat.up,new =K ely and K ely.dw,new =K pool -K bat.dw,new =K ely +K adj .

[0160] Between 2500 s and t1 and between t2 and 16500 s, curve 905 is at the first level of repulsion, therefore K bat.up,new and K bat.dw,new have variable values ​​and are less than K bat and K ely.up.new and K ely.dw,new have variable values ​​and are less than K ely If the 905 curve takes a value less than or equal to SoCmin K bat.up,new and K bat.dw,new take values ​​equal to K bat and K ely.up.new and K ely.dw,new take values ​​equal to K ely .

[0161] Between t1 and t2, the 905 curve is at the first reserve level, K bat.dw,new is therefore equal to K bat and K ely.up.new and K ely.dw,new is therefore equal to K ely and K bat.up,new .

[0162] In Figure 9D, curve 940 represents the evolution of the absolute value of the frequency difference (“|∆f| [mHz]”) over time T (“T [s]”), curve 955 represents ∆f sat (Δf [mHz]) as a function of time T and a curve 960 represents a difference between Δf sat and |∆f| over time.

[0163] Curve 960 takes positive values ​​when |∆f| is greater than ∆f sat and therefore when the electrolyzer is saturated.

[0164] At approximately 7700 s, 11800 s, 12000 s and 15000 s, the frequency difference ∆f becomes greater than ∆f sat Curves 955 and 910 overlap, and curve 960 takes on positive values. The gains K ely,new and K bat,new become equal to K ely and K bat respectively, and the battery's state of charge (SoC) then enters the second reserve level. Curve 960 exhibits activation peaks at approximately 7700 s, 11800 s, 12000 s, and 15000 s. Furthermore, the frequency deviation ∆f is equal to ∆fmax at approximately 26500 s. Therefore, curve 960 also exhibits an activation peak at approximately 26500 s.

[0165] In Figure 9E, curves 962, 964, 966, 968 and 970 represent K respectively ely.dw,new K ely.up,new K bat.dw,new K bat.up,new and K pool depending on the state of charge ("SoC") of battery 110.

[0166] When SoC > SoC max , SoC < SoC minor (SoC_target-db) ≤ SoC ≤ (SoC_target+db), we have K ely.up,new =K ely.dw,new =K ely =3 kW / mHz and K bat.up,new =K bat.dw,new =K bat =2 kW / mHz.

[0167] For SoC min ≤ SoC < SoC rep.down , curve 962 is decreasing, K ely.up,new =K ely =3 kW / mHz, K bat.up,new =K bat =2 kW / mHz and Curve 966 is increasing. For example, curve 962 is linear and takes values ​​between 5 kW / mHz and 3 kW / mHz, and curve 966 is linear and takes values ​​between 0 kW / mHz and 2 kW / mHz. In other embodiments, curves 962 and 966 exhibit logarithmic, exponential, etc., variations.

[0168] When SoC rep.down ≤ SoC ≤ (SoC_target–db), we have K bat.up,new =K bat =2 kW / mHz and K bat.dw,new =K bat -K adj =1.3 kW / mHz and K ely.up,new =K ely =3 kW / mHz, K ely.dw,new =K pool - K bat.dw,new =K ely +K adj=3.7 kW / mHz.

[0169] When (SoC_target+db) ≤ SoC ≤ SoC rep.up , we have K bat.dw,new =K bat =2 kW / mHz and K bat.up,new =K bat -K adj =1.3 kW / mHz and K ely.dw,new =K ely =3 kW / mHz, K ely.up,new =K pool - K bat.up,new =K ely +K adj =3.7 kW / mHz.

[0170] For SoC rep.up < SoC ≤ SoC max , curve 964 is increasing, K ely.dw,new =K ely =3 kW / mHz, K bat.dw,new =K bat =2 kW / mHz and curve 968 is decreasing. For example, curve 964 is linear and takes values ​​between 3 kW / mHz and 5 kW / mHz, and curve 968 is linear and takes values ​​between 2 kW / mHz and 0 kW / mHz. According to other embodiments, not shown, curves 964 and 968 exhibit logarithmic, exponential, etc., variations.

[0171] The 970 curve is constant and equal to 5 kW / mHz, that is, equal to K pool .

[0172] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating a 1000 power supply system according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0173] Some elements in Figure 10 correspond to elements in Figure 1 or Figure 2. These elements are referenced with the same references as in Figure 1 and Figure 2 and will not be described again in detail.

[0174] System 1000 is an example of a system comprising battery 110, a second battery 110', and electrolyzer 121. Similarly, system 1000 may include more than two batteries. According to embodiments not shown, system 100 or system 1000 includes several variable loads.

[0175] The second battery 110' is connected to a conversion circuit 210' configured similarly to the conversion circuit 210 in Figure 2. The conversion circuit 210' is connected to an adjustment circuit 205' configured similarly to the adjustment circuit 205 in Figure 2.

[0176] The total regulation gain K pool is, for example, the sum of the regulation gains of all the assets present in system 1000. Each of the regulation gains of the batteries in system 1000 is, for example, individually modulated, according to algorithm 700 in Figure 7, based on its state of charge. The regulation gain of the variable loads is then adjusted to maintain the total regulation gain K pool constant.

[0177] Thus, in a system comprising a battery and several variable loads, a variation in the regulation gain of a battery is, for example, distributed between several variable loads.

[0178] The multiplicity of the number of batteries implies a set of gains, which translates into a variable compensating gain from the variable load(s).

[0179] The control and data acquisition system 138 is configured for example to receive: - the saturation state of each variable load; and - the new regulation gain of each of the batteries.

[0180] The control and data acquisition system 138 is configured, for example, to perform the summation of the new regulation gains of each of the batteries.

[0181] The control and data acquisition system 138 is configured for example to send: - the saturation state of each variable load to each of the batteries; - the aggregation of the new regulation gains of each of the batteries to each of the variable loads.

[0182] One advantage of having data transmission between assets via the command and data acquisition system 138 is that the assets do not have to communicate with each other.

[0183] Figure 11 is a graph representing powers (“∆P”) delivered or received by the 1000 system of Figure 10 as a function of the frequency difference ∆f according to one embodiment of the present description.

[0184] Some elements in Figure 11 correspond to elements in Figure 8. These elements are referenced with the same references as in Figure 8 and will not be described again in detail.

[0185] Compared to graph 800 in Figure 8, a curve 1140 corresponding to the power evolution of battery 110' of system 1000 in Figure 10, whose regulation gain is defined by algorithm 700 in Figure 7, is shown. A curve 1145 corresponding to the power evolution of battery 110' having a regulation gain K bat 'constant is represented.

[0186] Each battery has individual parameters and is regulated individually. In the example in Figure 11, the engagement power P bat The battery capacity of 110 is less than the engagement power P bat 'of the battery 110' and the difference between a new regulation gain K bat,new 'of the 110 battery' and the K regulation gain bat 'of battery 110' is less than the difference between the new regulation gain K bat,new of the 110 battery and the K regulation gain batof battery 110. Indeed, between 0 and ∆f sat curve 1140 is closer to curve 1145 than curve 810 is closer to curve 815.

[0187] The electrolyzer 121 compensates for the variation in the regulation gain of battery 110 and the variation in the regulation gain of battery 110' so that the sum of the regulation gains of each of the assets is constant.

[0188] One advantage of the described embodiments is that the system can include one or more batteries and one or more variable loads to adapt to different situations. The system behaves like a single asset, with, for example, a relatively fast response time thanks to the batteries and a relatively large storage capacity thanks to the variable loads. Individualized management of the regulation gains based on the state of charge of each battery allows for better distribution and optimization of the power delivered or received over time. The batteries in such a system can, for example, operate for a longer duration and / or have a higher power output thanks to improved management of their state of charge, which allows for better avoidance of reserve levels.

[0189] Another advantage of the described embodiments is that a continuous variation of the regulation gains and the powers delivered or received is possible.

[0190] Various embodiments and variations have been described. Those skilled in the art will understand that some features of these various embodiments and variations could be combined, and other variations will appear to the person in the profession. In particular, algorithm 700 described in relation to Figure 7 gives examples of formulas for calculating K bat,new depending on SoC. Other formulas are possible to modify the dependency of K bat,new according to SoC. Furthermore, although examples have been described based on a variable load achieved by an electrolyzer, those skilled in the art will understand how to adapt these embodiments to other types of variable loads.

[0191] Finally, the practical implementation of the described methods and variants is within the reach of the person in the trade, based on the functional indications given above.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A method for regulating, by means of a control unit (205), a delivered power (P bat,new ) by a battery (110) to an alternative electrical power supply network or of a received power (P bat,new ) by the network battery (110), the method comprising: - the reception, by the control unit (205), of a measurement of the state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110); - the calculation, by the control unit (205), of a first gain (K bat,new ) depending on the measured state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110); and - the transmission, by the control unit (205), of the first gain (K bat,new ) to a battery (110) control circuit (210), the battery (110) control circuit (210) being configured to control the power delivered or received (P bat,new ) by the battery (110) as a function of the first gain (K bat,new) multiplied by a frequency deviation (∆f) of the network.

2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: - the reception, by a central unit (138), of the first gain (K bat,new ) ; - the transmission, by the central unit (138), of the first gain (K bat,new ) to a control circuit (220) of a variable load (121), and - the calculation of a second gain (K ely,new ) depending on the first gain (K bat,new ), by the control circuit (220) of the variable load (121); the control circuit (220) of the variable load (121) being configured to control a power delivered or received (P ely,new ) by the variable load (121) as a function of the second gain (K ely,new ) multiplied by the frequency difference (∆f) of the network.

3. A method according to claim 2, further comprising: - the transmission, by the control unit (205), of a first reference gain (K bat) to the control circuit (210) of the battery (110); and - the transmission, by the central unit (138), of the first reference gain (K bat ) of the battery (110) and a second reference gain (K ely ) of the variable load to the control circuit (220) of the variable load (121).

4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a sum (K pool ) of the first gain (K bat,new ) and the second gain (K ely,new ) is constant.

5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the battery (110) is engaged as a frequency stabilization reserve for an engagement power (Pbat) and for a maximum frequency deviation (Δfmax), and wherein the calculation of the first gain (Kbat,new) is further based on an engagement gain (Kbat) defined by the ratio of the engagement power (Pbat) to the maximum frequency deviation (Δfmax).

6. A control unit (205) for regulating a delivered power (P bat,new) by a battery (110) to an alternative electrical power supply network or of a received power (P bat,new ) via the battery (110) of the power supply network, the control unit (205) comprising: - a first input connected to the battery (110) and configured to receive a state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110); - a processor configured to calculate a first gain (K bat,new ) depending on the state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110); and - a first output configured to transmit the first win (K bat,new ) to a battery control circuit (210) (110), the battery control circuit being configured to control the power delivered or received (P bat,new ) by the battery (110) as a function of the first gain (K bat,new ) multiplied by a frequency deviation (∆f) of the network.

7. Control unit according to claim 6, wherein the first gain (K bat,new) decreases if the state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110) is between a first threshold (SoCmin, SoCmax) and a second threshold (SoC rep.down , SoC_target-db, SoC rep.up , SoC_target+db).

8. Control unit according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the first output is further configured to transmit the first gain (K bat,new ) to a central unit (138) connected to a variable load (121).

9. Control system comprising: - the control unit (205) according to any one of claims 6 to 8; - the control circuit (210) of the battery (110) connected to the control unit (205).

10. System according to claim 9 in its dependence on claim 8, further comprising: - the central unit (138) configured to receive the first gain (K bat,new ) and transmit the first gain (K bat,new) to a control circuit (220) of the variable load (121); and - the control circuit (220) of the variable load (121) configured to control a power delivered or received (P ely,new ) by the variable load (121) as a function of a second gain (K ely,new ), calculated from the first gain (K bat,new ), multiplied by the frequency difference (∆f) of the network.

11. A system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the variable load (121) has an energy modulation capacity exceeding a rated operating power.

12. A system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the variable load (121) is one of: - an electrolyzer; - an electrical heat generation source; - a rotating machine (fan, pump); and - a reversible hydraulic turbine.

13. A system according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein a sum of a maximum power delivered or received (P bat) by the battery (110) and a maximum power delivered or received (P ely ) by the variable load (121) is greater than or equal to 1 MW.

14. System according to any one of claims 9 to 13, further comprising: - a control circuit (210') of a second battery (110') connected to the control unit (205).

15. System according to any one of claims 9 to 14, further comprising: - a control circuit of a second variable load.

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