Exhaust gas treatment system comprising a gas heating component and a multifunctional catalyst

Abstract

The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment system, a method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing NOx, and use of said exhaust gas treatment system. The ex- haust gas treatment system comprises an exhaust gas conduit for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas conduit comprises (i) a gas heating com- ponent and (ii) a multi-functional catalyst (MFC), wherein the gas heating component is located upstream of the MFC.

Description

[0001] 220582W001

[0002] Exhaust gas treatment system comprising a gas heating component and a multifunctional catalyst

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment system, a method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing NOx, and use of said exhaust gas treatment system.

[0005] INTRODUCTION

[0006] Ultra Low NOx aftertreatment systems fulfilling EU VII and US2027 regulations will need a different design than actual systems, for example they may require dual urea dosers, with a new first urea doser combined with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst being located upstream of the oxidation catalysts and underfloor SCR system. With respect to SCR catalysts, it is known that zeolite SCRs offer better low temperature NOx conversion than vanadium-SCR catalysts and as low temperature conversion is the objective of the dual-urea doser layout, zeolite would seem to be a natural fit at the close-coupled SCR position. However, zeolite sulfates during operation and the regeneration temperatures generally require hydrocarbon (HC) injection and oxidation to create temperatures up to and beyond the 500 °C desulfation point. Unfortunately, typical on-road engines cannot reliably generate these engine out temperatures, thus requiring an upstream close-coupled diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) to oxidize the HCs to create the temperature to desulfation (deSOx) the close-coupled SCR. This close-coupled DOC add additional resource costs and requires additional space for an after treatment system already taxed with an additional SCR, urea doser, and mixer.

[0007] WO 2022 / 229237 A1 relates to a catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx and for the cracking and conversion of a hydrocarbon, the catalyst comprising a substrate and a coating disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the substrate, said coating comprising a platinum group metal, an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, and further comprising a 10- or more membered ring pore zeolitic material.

[0008] US 2019 / 120109 A1 relates to a catalyst comprising a carrier substrate, a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber and means to control the temperature of the carrier substrate. The passive nitrogen oxide adsorber may comprise Pd supported on cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, a mixture of cerium and zirconium oxides, or on a zeolite.

[0009] EP 4039356 A1 relates to an exhaust gas purification device. Therein, an oxidation catalyst Oxwould be disclosed comprising a DOC, a lean NOx storage catalyst able to release NOx under rich conditions for oxidizing CO and HC to CO2 and H2O and reducing NOx to N2, and a catalyst-coated PF. 220582W001

[0010] - 2 -

[0011] WO 2022 / 069541 A1 discloses a system for the treatment of an exhaust gas of a diesel combustion engine, said system comprising an NOx adsorber component, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) component, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) component, a gas heating component, and a reductant injector, wherein in said system, the NOx adsorber component is arranged upstream of the gas heating component, the reductant injector is arranged upstream of the SCR component, the gas heating component is arranged upstream of the reductant injector, the DOC component is arranged upstream of the reductant injector, and the DOC component and the gas heating component are directly consecutive components.

[0012] A multi-functional catalyst (MFC) has been proposed in the past to allow a close-coupled SCR the ability to desulfate by oxidizing HCs over the impregnated Pd. This technology can achieve HC light off, however, Pd is typically less active than Pt for HC oxidation and an MFC generally requires inlet temperatures of ca. 300 °C to reliably achieve light off. This inlet temperature corresponds to an unreasonably high engine output temperature and makes the MFC technology less attractive. Thus, there was a need for an exhaust gas treatment system achieving competitive performance with respect to HC light off as well as deNOx.

[0013] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream having improved properties with respect to its performance. Surprisingly, it was found that an improved exhaust gas treatment system can be provided. In particular, it has surprisingly been found that the exhaust gas treatment system according to the present invention, wherein an MFC coating is combined with an upstream electrically heated substrate allows rapidly heating of the electrically heated substrate to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas stream above the inlet temperature. Thus, the exhaust gas treatment system of the present invention can cover two of the MFC's weaknesses. Firstly, the electrically heated substrate can increase the temperature of the exhaust gas stream by about 50 to 75 °C, depending on exhaust mass flow. Therefore, a comparatively lower engine-out temperature for HC light off is required, which can be reliably reached by a typical heavy duty diesel (HDD) on-road engine. Secondly, the effective increase in the MFC inlet temperature offers the opportunity to reduce the Pd loading on the MFC, substantially reducing the resource costs of the MFC coating.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment system comprising an exhaust gas conduit for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas conduit comprises

[0016] (i) a gas heating component and

[0017] (ii) a multi-functional catalyst (MFC), wherein the gas heating component is located upstream of the MFC.

[0018] It is preferred that the gas heating component comprises, more preferably consists of, 220582W001

[0019] - 3 -

[0020] (1.1) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough.

[0021] In the case wherein the gas heating component comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (i.1), the flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough, it is preferred that the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (i.1) are thermally and / or electrically conductive to allow heating thereof for heating of exhaust gas flowing through the passages of the flow through substrate.

[0022] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (i.1), the flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough, it is preferred that the flow through substrate according to (i.1) is a metallic flow-through substrate, more preferably a metallic electrically and / or thermally conductive flow-through substrate.

[0023] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (i.1), the flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough, it is preferred that the gas heating component is not coated with a catalyst composition and more preferably does not comprise a catalyst composition.

[0024] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (i.1), the flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough, it is preferred that the gas heating component further comprises

[0025] (1.2) a first coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, and a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material;

[0026] (1.3) a second coating comprising a non-zeolitic second oxidic material; wherein the second coating extends over y % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed either on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (i.1) and the first coating, or on the first coating, with y being in the range of from 45 to 100; wherein the first coating extends over x % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (i.1), with x being in the range of from 45 to 100. 220582W001

[0027] - 4 -

[0028] In the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the gas heating component consists of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ), the first coating according to (i.2), and the second coating according to (i.3).

[0029] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that y of the second coating according to (i.3) is in the range of from 50 to 100, more preferably from 75 to 100, more preferably from 90 to 100, more preferably from 95 to 100.

[0030] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that x of the first coating according to (i.2) is in the range of from 50 to 100, more preferably from 75 to 100, more preferably from 90 to 100, more preferably from 95 to 100.

[0031] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the zeolitic material according to (i.2) comprises copper.

[0032] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the zeolitic material according to (i.2) comprises an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material, wherein the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material of the first coating according to (i.2) has a framework type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, LEV, DDR, KFI, ERI, AFX, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA and AEI, wherein more preferably the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material according to (i.2) has a framework type CHA.

[0033] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the first platinum group metal component according to (i.2) comprises, more preferably is, Pd, Rh, or Pd and Rh, more preferably Rh or Pd, more preferably Pd.

[0034] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the first coating according to (i.2) comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, more preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 220582W001

[0035] - 5 -

[0036] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the gas heating component comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, more preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3.

[0037] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the gas heating component is substantially free of Pt. As used herein, the term “substantially free of Pt” means that the gas heating component comprises equal to or less than 0.01 weight-%, preferably equal to or less than 0.001 weight-%, of Pt, calculated as elemental Pt.

[0038] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (i.2) comprises, more preferably is, a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the first metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, La, and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Hf, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr and Hf, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr, wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (i.2) more preferably comprises the first metal and the second metal in a molar ratio of first metal to second metal in the range of from 10:1 to 100:1 , more preferably of from 40:1 to 60:1.

[0039] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the first coating according to (i.2) comprises the non-zeolitic first oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.40 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.20 to 0.30 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.24 to 0.26 g / in3.

[0040] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the first coating according to (i.2) further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic third oxidic material more preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably one or more of alumina and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0041] In the case wherein the first coating according to (i.2) further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, it is preferred that the first coating according to (i.2) comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.55 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.25 to 0.39 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.30 to 0.34 g / in3.

[0042] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the first coating according 220582W001

[0043] - 6 - to (i.2) further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material more preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably alumina, wherein the dopant is more preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the dopant more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr.

[0044] In the case wherein the first coating according to (i.2) further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, it is preferred that the first coating according to (i.2) comprises the non- zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.01 to 0.15 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.03 to 0.10 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 0.08 g / in3.

[0045] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the gas heating component comprises the first coating at a loading in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 3.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .5 to 2.5 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .75 to 2.25 g / in3.

[0046] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the non-zeolitic second oxidic material according to (i.3) comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0047] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the second coating according to (i.3) comprises the non-zeolitic second oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0048] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the gas heating component comprises the second coating at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0049] Further in the case wherein the gas heating component further comprises a first coating according to (i.2) and a second coating according to (i.3), it is preferred that the flow-through substrate according to (i.1) comprises a volume in the range of from 0.1 to 1 .0 L, more preferably from 0.2 to 0.9 L, more preferably from 0.4 to 0.8 L.

[0050] According to a first alternative, it is preferred that the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, wherein the extrudate is 220582W001

[0051] - 7 - more preferably in the form of a monolith, more preferably of a flow through monolith, and more preferably of a flow through monolith comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a monolith axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through monolith extending therethrough.

[0052] In the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non- zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the zeolitic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises copper.

[0053] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the zeolitic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material, wherein the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material comprised in the MFC composition more preferably has a framework type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, LEV, DDR, KFI, ERI, AFX, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA and AEI, wherein more preferably the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material comprised in the MFC has a framework type CHA.

[0054] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the first platinum group metal component comprised in the MFC composition comprises, more preferably is, Pd, Rh, or Pd and Rh, more preferably Rh or Pd, more preferably Pd.

[0055] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the extrudate comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, more preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3.

[0056] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported 220582W001

[0057] - 8 - on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the extrudate comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, more preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3.

[0058] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the extrudate is substantially free of Pt. As used herein, the term “substantially free of Pt” means that the extrudate comprises equal to or less than 0.01 weight-%, preferably equal to or less than 0.001 weight-%, of Pt, calculated as elemental Pt.

[0059] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the non-zeolitic first oxidic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises, more preferably is, a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the first metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, La, and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Hf, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr and Hf, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr, wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material comprised in the MFC composition more preferably comprises the first metal and the second metal in a molar ratio of first metal to second metal in the range of from 10:1 to 100:1 , more preferably of from 40:1 to 60:1.

[0060] In the case wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises, more preferably is, a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, it is preferred that the extrudate comprises the non-zeolitic first oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.40 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.20 to 0.30 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.24 to 0.26 g / in3.

[0061] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the MFC composition further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, wherein the non- 220582W001

[0062] - 9 - zeolitic third oxidic material more preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably one or more of alumina and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0063] In the case wherein the MFC composition further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, it is preferred that the extrudate comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.55 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.25 to 0.39 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.30 to 0.34 g / in3.

[0064] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the MFC composition further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material more preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably alumina, wherein the dopant is more preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the dopant more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr.

[0065] In the case wherein the MFC composition further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, it is preferred that the extrudate comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.01 to 0.15 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.03 to 0.10 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 0.08 g / in3.

[0066] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the non-zeolitic second oxidic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0067] In the case wherein the non-zeolitic second oxidic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, it is preferred that the extrudate comprises the non-zeolitic second oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0068] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition according to the first alternative, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, it is preferred that the extrudate comprises a volume in the range of from 1.0 to 15.0 L, more preferably from 5.0 to 11.0 L, more preferably from 7.5 to 9.0 L. 220582W001

[0069] - 10 -

[0070] According to a second alternative, it is preferred that the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of,

[0071] (11.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough;

[0072] (11.2) a first coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, and a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material;

[0073] (11.3) a second coating comprising a non-zeolitic second oxidic material; wherein the second coating extends over y % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed either on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) and the first coating, or on the first coating, with y being in the range of from 45 to 100; wherein the first coating extends over x % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ), with x being in the range of from 45 to 100.

[0074] In the context of the present invention, the term "the surface of the internal walls" is to be understood as the "naked" or "bare" or "blank" surface of the walls, i.e. the surface of the walls in an untreated state which consists - apart from any unavoidable impurities with which the surface may be contaminated - of the material of the walls.

[0075] In the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the flow through substrate according to

[0076] (11.1 ) is a honeycomb substrate, more preferably a ceramic or metallic honeycomb substrate, more preferably a metallic honeycomb substrate.

[0077] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to

[0078] (11.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the gas heating component comprises a flow through substrate according to (i.1) as defined herein, wherein the inlet end of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) and the outlet end of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) are coupled to allow exhaust gas exiting from the passages of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) to enter the passages of the flow through substrate according to

[0079] (11.1 ).

[0080] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that y of the second coating according to (ii.3) is in the range of from 50 to 100, more preferably from 50 to 80, more preferably from 50 to 70. 220582W001

[0081] - 11 -

[0082] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that x of the first coating according to

[0083] (11.2) is in the range of from 50 to 100, more preferably from 50 to 80, more preferably from 50 to 70.

[0084] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to

[0085] (11.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the zeolitic material according to

[0086] (11.2) comprises copper.

[0087] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to

[0088] (11.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the zeolitic material according to

[0089] (11.2) comprises an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material, wherein the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material of the first coating according to (ii.2) more preferably has a framework type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, LEV, DDR, KFI, ERI, AFX, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA and AEI, wherein more preferably the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material according to (ii.2) has a framework type CHA.

[0090] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to

[0091] (11.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the first platinum group metal component according to (ii.2) comprises, more preferably is, Pd, Rh, or Pd and Rh, more preferably Rh or Pd, more preferably Pd.

[0092] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the first coating according to (ii.2) comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, more preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3.

[0093] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the MFC comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, more preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3. 220582W001

[0094] - 12 -

[0095] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the MFC is substantially free of Pt. As used herein, the term “substantially free of Pt” means that the MFC comprises equal to or less than 0.01 weight-%, preferably equal to or less than 0.001 weight-%, of Pt, calculated as elemental Pt.

[0096] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (ii.2) comprises, more preferably is, a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the first metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, La, and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Hf, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr and Hf, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr, wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (ii.2) more preferably comprises the first metal and the second metal in a molar ratio of first metal to second metal in the range of from 10:1 to 100:1 , more preferably of from 40:1 to 60:1.

[0097] In the case wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (ii.2) comprises, more preferably is, a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, it is preferred that the first coating according to (i.2) and (ii.2) independently from one another comprises the non-zeolitic first oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.40 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.20 to 0.30 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.24 to 0.26 g / in3.

[0098] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the first coating according to (ii.2) further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic third oxidic material more preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably one or more of alumina and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0099] In the case wherein the first coating according to (ii.2) further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, it is preferred that the first coating according to (ii.2) comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.55 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.25 to 0.39 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.30 to 0.34 g / in3.

[0100] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the first coating according to (ii.2) 220582W001

[0101] - 13 - further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material more preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably alumina, wherein the dopant is more preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the dopant more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr.

[0102] In the case wherein the first coating according to (ii.2) further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, it is preferred that the first coating according to (ii.2) comprises the non- zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.01 to 0.15 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.03 to 0.10 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 0.08 g / in3.

[0103] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the MFC comprises the first coating at a loading in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 3.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .5 to 2.5 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .75 to 2.25 g / in3.

[0104] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the non-zeolitic second oxidic material according to (ii.3) comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0105] In the case wherein the non-zeolitic second oxidic material according to (ii.3) comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, it is preferred that the second coating according to (ii.3) comprises the non-zeolitic second oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0106] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the MFC comprises the second coating at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0107] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the flow-through substrate according to (ii.1 ) comprises a volume in the range of from 1 .0 to 15.0 L, preferably from 5.0 to 11 .0 L, more preferably from 7.5 to 9.0 L. 220582W001

[0108] - 14 -

[0109] Further in the case wherein the MFC comprises, more preferably consists of, a flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ), a first coating according to (ii.2), and a second coating according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the gas heating component comprises the flow through substrate according to (i.1) as defined herein, wherein the distance between the outlet face of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) and the inlet face of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1) is equal to or less than the axial length of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ), the axial length of the flow through substrate according to

[0110] (1.1 ) being parallel to the direction of gas flow through the flow through substrate according to

[0111] (1.1 ), wherein preferably the distance between the outlet face of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) and the inlet face of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) is in the range of from 0 to 80% of the axial length of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ), more preferably from 0 to 60%, more preferably from 0 to 40%, more preferably from 0 to 20%, more preferably from 0 to 10%, more preferably from 0 to 5%, and more preferably from 0 to 1 % of the axial length of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ).

[0112] It is preferred that no catalyst component is located between the gas heating component and the MFC, wherein more preferably no other component for the treatment of the exhaust gas is located between the gas heating component and the MFC.

[0113] It is preferred that a first injection means for a nitrogenous reductant is located upstream of the gas heating component, wherein more preferably no catalyst component is located between the injection means and the gas heating component, wherein the first reductant injector is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon injector, more preferably a hydrocarbon in-cylinder post injector, and a urea injector, wherein the first reductant injector more preferably is a urea injector.

[0114] It is preferred that the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst located downstream of the MFC, preferably downstream of the substrate according to (ii.1 ).

[0115] In the case wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst located downstream of the MFC, preferably downstream of the substrate according to (ii.1 ), it is preferred that no catalyst component is located between the MFC and the SCR catalyst.

[0116] Further in the case wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst located downstream of the MFC, preferably downstream of the substrate according to (ii.1 ), it is preferred that the SCR catalyst comprises

[0117] (111.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough;

[0118] (111.2) a coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising Cu, Fe, or Cu and Fe; wherein the coating extends over zi % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to 220582W001

[0119] - 15 - the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (iii.1 ), with zi being in the range of from 45 to 100, more preferably from 50 to 100, more preferably from 75 to 100, more preferably from 90 to 100, more preferably from 95 to 100.

[0120] In the case wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iii.1 ) and a coating according to (iii.2), it is preferred that the zeolitic material according to (iii.2) has a framework type structure selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, and AFX, including mixed structures of two or more thereof, wherein more preferably the zeolitic material has a CHA and / or AEl-type framework type structure, more preferably a CHA-type framework structure.

[0121] Further in the case wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to

[0122] (iii.1 ) and a coating according to (iii.2), it is preferred that the SCR catalyst comprises Cu, wherein the zeolitic material according to (iii.2) comprises Cu, calculated as CuO, in an amount ranging from 5 to 150 g / ft3, more preferably from 15 to 100 g / ft3, more preferably from 25 to 70 g / ft3.

[0123] Further in the case wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to

[0124] (iii.1 ) and a coating according to (iii.2), it is preferred that the SCR catalyst comprises Fe, wherein more preferably the zeolitic material according to (iii.2) comprises Fe, calculated as Fe2Os, in an amount ranging from 50 to 200 g / ft3, more preferably from 80 to 170 g / ft3, more preferably from 100 to 150 g / ft3.

[0125] Further in the case wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to

[0126] (iii.1 ) and a coating according to (iii.2), it is preferred that the substrate according to (iii.1 ) is a wall-flow or a flow-through substrate, more preferably a wall-flow or a flow-through honeycomb substrate, and more preferably a flow-through honeycomb substrate, wherein the substrate according to (iii.1 ) more preferably comprises, more preferably consists of, a ceramic substance, wherein the ceramic substance more preferably comprises, more preferably consists of, one or more of an alumina, a silica, a silicate, an aluminosilicate, a cordierite, a mullite, an alumino- titanate, a silicon carbide, a zirconia, a magnesia, more preferably a spinel, and a titania, more preferably one or more of a silicon carbide and a cordierite, more preferably a cordierite.

[0127] Further in the case wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to

[0128] (iii.1 ) and a coating according to (iii.2), it is preferred that the flow-through substrate according to (iii.1 ) comprises a volume in the range of from 2.0 to 15.0 L, more preferably from 5.5 to 11.5 L, more preferably from 7.5 to 9.5 L.

[0129] Further in the case wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to

[0130] (iii.1 ) and a coating according to (iii.2), it is preferred that the SCR catalyst comprises the coating according to (iii.2) at a loading in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 g / in3, more preferably in the 220582W001

[0131] - 16 - range of from 1 to 3.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .5 to 2.5 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1.75 to 2.25 g / in3.

[0132] Further in the case wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iii.1 ) and a coating according to (iii.2), it is preferred that the SCR catalyst consists of the flow through substrate according to (iii.1 ) and the coating according to (iii.2).

[0133] It is preferred that the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system more preferably further comprises an SCR catalyst as defined in any one of the embodiments disclosed herein, wherein the AMOX catalyst is more preferably located downstream of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0134] In the case wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, it is preferred that no catalyst component is located between the SCR catalyst and the AMOX catalyst.

[0135] Further in the case wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, it is preferred that the AMOX catalyst comprises

[0136] (iv.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough;

[0137] (iv.2) a coating comprising a porous non-zeolitic oxidic material, a platinum group metal supported on the porous non-zeolitic oxidic material, an oxidic material supported on the porous non-zeolitic oxidic material, and a zeolitic material comprising Cu, Fe, or Cu and Fe; wherein the coating extends over Z2 % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ), with Z2 being in the range of from 45 to 100, more preferably from 50 to 100, more preferably from 75 to 100, more preferably from 90 to 100, more preferably from 95 to 100.

[0138] In the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the substrate according to (iv.1 ) is a flow- through substrate or a wall flow filter substrate, more preferably a flow-through substrate, wherein the substrate more preferably comprises, more preferably consists of, one or more of a cordierite, an aluminum titanate, a mullite and a silicon carbide, more preferably one or more of a cordierite, an aluminum titanate and a silicon carbide, more preferably a cordierite, wherein the substrate more preferably is a cordierite flow-through substrate; or wherein the substrate more preferably comprises, more preferably consist of, a metallic substance, wherein the metallic substance more preferably comprises, more preferably consists of, oxygen and one or more of iron, chromium and aluminum, wherein the substrate more preferably is a metallic flow-through substrate. 220582W001

[0139] - 17 -

[0140] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the flow-through substrate according to (iv.1 ) comprises a volume in the range of from 2.0 to 15.0 L, more preferably from 5.5 to 11.5 L, more preferably from 7.5 to 9.5 L.

[0141] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the zeolitic material according to (iv.2) is an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material, wherein the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material more preferably has a framework structure type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, LEV, DDR, KFI, ERI, AFX, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, a mixture of two thereof and a mixed type of two thereof, wherein the zeolitic material according to (iv.2) more preferably has a CHA framework structure type.

[0142] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the AMOX catalyst comprises the zeolitic material comprising Cu, Fe, or Cu and Fe according to (iv.2) at a loading in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .0 to 4.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1.5 to 3.5 g / in3.

[0143] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the porous non-zeolitic oxidic support according to (iv.2) comprises one or more of alumina, silica, zirconia, zirconia-alumina, silica- alumina, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably one or more of alumina, zirconiaalumina, silica-alumina, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the porous non-zeolitic oxidic support more preferably comprises alumina.

[0144] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the AMOX catalyst comprises the porous non-zeolitic oxidic support at a loading in the range from 0.15 to 1.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.15 to 0.75 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.20 to 0.50 g / in3.

[0145] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the platinum group metal comprises, more preferably is, one or more of Pd, Pt, Rh, and mixture of two or more thereof, more preferably Pt.

[0146] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the AMOX catalyst comprises the platinum group metal, calculated as element, in the range of from 0.5 to 45 g / ft3, more preferably in the range of from 0.75 to 27 g / ft3, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 14 g / ft3. 220582W001

[0147] - 18 -

[0148] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the first oxidic material comprises, more preferably consists of, one or more of titania, silica, and alumina, more preferably titania.

[0149] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the coating according to (iv.2) further comprises a second oxidic material supported on the porous non-zeolitic oxidic material, the second oxidic material more preferably comprising one or more of manganese, cerium, tungsten, praseodymium and indium, more preferably one or more of manganese, cerium and praseodymium, wherein the second oxidic material more preferably comprises manganese, more preferably manganese oxide, more preferably one or more of MnO, Mn2O3, MnsC and MnO2.

[0150] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the AMOX catalyst comprises the coating according to (iv.2) at a loading in the range of from 1 to 6 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1.5 to 4.5 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1.75 to 3.75 g / in3.

[0151] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that the AMOX catalyst consists of the flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and the coating according to (iv.2).

[0152] Further in the case wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises a flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and a coating according to (iv.2), it is preferred that a second reductant injector for a nitrogenous reductant is located upstream of the AMOX catalyst and downstream of the SCR catalyst, wherein more preferably no catalyst component is located between the injection means and the AMOX catalyst, wherein the second reductant injector is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon injector, more preferably a hydrocarbon in-cylinder post injector, and a urea injector, wherein the second reductant injector more preferably is a urea injector.

[0153] It is preferred that the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an internal combustion engine located upstream of the exhaust gas conduit, more preferably a diesel engine or a lean burn gasoline engine, more preferably a diesel engine.

[0154] In the case wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an internal combustion engine located upstream of the exhaust gas conduit, it is preferred that no catalyst component is located between the internal combustion engine and the gas heating component.

[0155] It is preferred that the exhaust gas treatment system of any one of the embodiments defined herein consists of the gas heating component, the MFC catalyst, optionally the SCR catalyst and optionally the ammonia oxidation catalyst. 220582W001

[0156] - 19 -

[0157] Further, the present invention relates to a method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing NOx, the method comprising

[0158] (A) providing an exhaust gas stream comprising NOx;

[0159] (B) directing the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through an exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of the embodiments defined herein.

[0160] It is preferred that the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) is the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine, more preferably the exhaust gas stream from a compression ignition engine or from a lean burn gasoline engine, more preferably the exhaust gas stream from a diesel engine.

[0161] Yet further, the present invention relates to a use of an exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of the embodiments defined herein for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing NOx, wherein the exhaust gas stream containing NOx is preferably the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine, more preferably the exhaust gas stream from a compression ignition engine or from a lean burn gasoline engine, more preferably the exhaust gas stream from a diesel engine.

[0162] The present invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments resulting from the dependencies and back-references as indicated. In particular, it is noted that in each instance where a range of embodiments is mentioned, for example in the context of a term such as "The exhaust gas treatment system of any one of embodiments 1 to 4", every embodiment in this range is meant to be explicitly disclosed for the skilled person, i.e. the wording of this term is to be understood by the skilled person as being synonymous to "The exhaust gas treatment system of any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 3, and 4". Further, it is explicitly noted that the following set of embodiments is not the set of claims determining the extent of protection, but represents a suitably structured part of the description directed to general and preferred aspects of the present invention.

[0163] 1 . Exhaust gas treatment system comprising an exhaust gas conduit for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas conduit comprises

[0164] (i) a gas heating component and

[0165] (ii) a multi-functional catalyst (MFC), wherein the gas heating component is located upstream of the MFC.

[0166] 2. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 1 , wherein the gas heating component comprises, preferably consists of,

[0167] (i.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough.

[0168] 3. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 2, wherein the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) are thermally and / or electrically conductive 220582W001

[0169] - 20 - to allow heating thereof for heating of exhaust gas flowing through the passages of the flow through substrate.

[0170] 4. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 2 or 3, wherein the flow through substrate according to (i.1) is a metallic flow-through substrate, preferably a metallic electrically and / or thermally conductive flow-through substrate.

[0171] 5. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 2 to 4, wherein the gas heating component is not coated with a catalyst composition and preferably does not comprise a catalyst composition.

[0172] 6. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 2 to 4, wherein the gas heating component further comprises

[0173] (1.2) a first coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, and a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first ox- idic material;

[0174] (1.3) a second coating comprising a non-zeolitic second oxidic material; wherein the second coating extends over y % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed either on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (i.1) and the first coating, or on the first coating, with y being in the range of from 45 to 100; wherein the first coating extends over x % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (i.1), with x being in the range of from 45 to 100.

[0175] 7. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 6, wherein the gas heating component consists of the flow through substrate according to (i.1), the first coating according to (i.2), and the second coating according to (i.3).

[0176] 8. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 6 or 7, wherein y of the second coating according to (i.3) is in the range of from 50 to 100, preferably from 75 to 100, more preferably from 90 to 100, more preferably from 95 to 100.

[0177] 9. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 8, wherein x of the first coating according to (i.2) is in the range of from 50 to 100, preferably from 75 to 100, more preferably from 90 to 100, more preferably from 95 to 100.

[0178] 10. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 9, wherein the zeolitic material according to (i.2) comprises copper. 220582W001

[0179] - 21 -

[0180] 11 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 10, wherein the zeolitic material according to (i.2) comprises an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material, wherein the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material of the first coating according to (i.2) has a framework type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, LEV, DDR, KFI, ERI, AFX, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA and AEI, wherein more preferably the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material according to (i.2) has a framework type CHA.

[0181] 12. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 11 , wherein the first platinum group metal component according to (i.2) comprises, preferably is, Pd, Rh, or Pd and Rh, preferably Rh or Pd, more preferably Pd.

[0182] 13. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 12, wherein the first coating according to (i.2) comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3.

[0183] 14. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 13, wherein the gas heating component comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3, wherein the gas heating component is preferably substantially free of Pt.

[0184] 15. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 14, wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (i.2) comprises, preferably is, a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the first metal preferably comprises, more preferably is, La, and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Hf, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the second metal preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr and Hf, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr, wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (i.2) preferably comprises the first metal and the second metal in a molar ratio of first metal to second metal in the range of from 10:1 to 100:1 , more preferably of from 40:1 to 60:1.

[0185] 16. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 15, wherein the first coating according to (i.2) comprises the non-zeolitic first oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.40 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.20 to 0.30 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.24 to 0.26 g / in3. 220582W001

[0186] - 22 -

[0187] 17. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 16, wherein the first coating according to (i.2) further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic third oxidic material preferably comprises, preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, preferably one or more of alumina and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0188] 18. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 17, wherein the first coating according to (i.2) comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.55 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.25 to 0.39 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.30 to 0.34 g / in3.

[0189] 19. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 18, wherein the first coating according to (i.2) further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably alumina, wherein the dopant is more preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the dopant more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr.

[0190] 20. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 19, wherein the first coating according to (i.2) comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.01 to 0.15 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.03 to 0.10 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 0.08 g / in3.

[0191] 21 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 20, wherein the gas heating component comprises the first coating at a loading in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 1 to 3.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .5 to 2.5 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .75 to 2.25 g / in3.

[0192] 22. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 21 , wherein the non-zeolitic second oxidic material according to (i.3) comprises, preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0193] 23. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 22, wherein the second coating according to (i.3) comprises the non-zeolitic second oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0194] 24. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 23, wherein the gas heating component comprises the second coating at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3. 220582W001

[0195] - 23 -

[0196] 25. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 6 to 24, wherein the flow-through substrate according to (i.1) comprises a volume in the range of from 0.1 to 1 .0 L, preferably from 0.2 to 0.9 L, more preferably from 0.4 to 0.8 L.

[0197] 26. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non-zeolitic second oxidic material, wherein the extrudate is preferably in the form of a monolith, more preferably of a flow through monolith, and more preferably of a flow through monolith comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a monolith axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through monolith extending therethrough.

[0198] 27. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 26, wherein the zeolitic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises copper.

[0199] 28. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 26 or 27, wherein the zeolitic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material, wherein the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material comprised in the MFC composition preferably has a framework type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, LEV, DDR, KFI, ERI, AFX, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA and AEI, wherein more preferably the 8-mem- bered ring pore zeolitic material comprised in the MFC has a framework type CHA.

[0200] 29. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 26 to 28, wherein the first platinum group metal component comprised in the MFC composition comprises, preferably is, Pd, Rh, or Pd and Rh, preferably Rh or Pd, more preferably Pd.

[0201] 30. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 26 to 29, wherein the extrudate comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3.

[0202] 31 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 26 to 30, wherein the extrudate comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3, wherein the extrudate is preferably substantially free of Pt. 220582W001

[0203] - 24 -

[0204] 32. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 26 to 31 , wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises, preferably is, a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the first metal preferably comprises, more preferably is, La, and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Hf, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the second metal preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr and Hf, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr, wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material comprised in the MFC composition preferably comprises the first metal and the second metal in a molar ratio of first metal to second metal in the range of from 10:1 to 100:1 , more preferably of from 40:1 to 60:1.

[0205] 33. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 32, wherein the extrudate comprises the non-zeolitic first oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.40 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.20 to 0.30 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.24 to 0.26 g / in3.

[0206] 34. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 26 to 33, wherein the MFC composition further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic third oxidic material preferably comprises, preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, preferably one or more of alumina and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0207] 35. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 34, wherein the extrudate comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.55 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.25 to 0.39 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.30 to 0.34 g / in3.

[0208] 36. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 26 to 35, wherein the MFC composition further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material preferably comprises, preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, preferably alumina, wherein the dopant is preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the dopant preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr.

[0209] 37. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 36, wherein the extrudate comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.01 to 0.15 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.03 to 0.10 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 0.08 g / in3. 220582W001

[0210] - 25 -

[0211] 38. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 26 to 38, wherein the non-zeolitic second oxidic material comprised in the MFC composition comprises, preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0212] 39. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 39, wherein the extrudate comprises the non-zeolitic second oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0213] 40. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 26 to 40, wherein the extrudate comprises a volume in the range of from 1 .0 to 15.0 L, preferably from 5.0 to 11 .0 L, more preferably from 7.5 to 9.0 L.

[0214] 41 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the MFC comprises, preferably consists of,

[0215] (11.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough;

[0216] (11.2) a first coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, and a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material;

[0217] (11.3) a second coating comprising a non-zeolitic second oxidic material; wherein the second coating extends over y % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed either on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) and the first coating, or on the first coating, with y being in the range of from 45 to 100; wherein the first coating extends over x % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ), with x being in the range of from 45 to 100.

[0218] 42. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 41 , wherein the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) is a honeycomb substrate, preferably a ceramic or metallic honeycomb substrate, more preferably a metallic honeycomb substrate.

[0219] 43. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 41 or 42, wherein the gas heating component comprises a flow through substrate according to (i.1) as defined in embodiment 2, wherein the inlet end of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) and the outlet end of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) are coupled to allow exhaust gas exiting from the passages of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) to enter the passages of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ). 220582W001

[0220] - 26 -

[0221] 44. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 43, wherein y of the second coating according to (ii.3) is in the range of from 50 to 100, preferably from 50 to 80, more preferably from 50 to 70.

[0222] 45. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 44, wherein x of the first coating according to (ii.2) is in the range of from 50 to 100, preferably from 50 to 80, more preferably from 50 to 70.

[0223] 46. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 45, wherein the zeolitic material according to (ii.2) comprises copper.

[0224] 47. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 46, wherein the zeolitic material according to (ii.2) comprises an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material, wherein the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material of the first coating according to (ii.2) preferably has a framework type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, LEV, DDR, KFI, ERI, AFX, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA and AEI, wherein more preferably the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material according to (ii.2) has a framework type CHA.

[0225] 48. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 47, wherein the first platinum group metal component according to (ii.2) comprises, preferably is, Pd, Rh, or Pd and Rh, preferably Rh or Pd, more preferably Pd.

[0226] 49. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 48, wherein the first coating according to (ii.2) comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3.

[0227] 50. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 49, wherein the MFC comprises the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3, preferably from 2 to 10 g / ft3, more preferably from 3 to 8 g / ft3, more preferably from 4 to 6 g / ft3, wherein the MFC is preferably substantially free of Pt.

[0228] 51 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 50, wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (ii.2) comprises, preferably is, a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the first metal preferably comprises, more preferably is, La, and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Hf, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the second metal preferably 220582W001

[0229] - 27 - comprises, more preferably is, Zr and Hf, wherein the second metal more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr, wherein the non-zeolitic first oxidic material according to (ii.2) preferably comprises the first metal and the second metal in a molar ratio of first metal to second metal in the range of from 10:1 to 100:1 , more preferably of from 40:1 to 60:1.

[0230] 52. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 51 , wherein the first coating according to (i.2) and (ii.2) independently from one another comprises the non-zeolitic first oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.40 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.20 to 0.30 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.24 to 0.26 g / in3.

[0231] 53. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 52, wherein the first coating according to (ii.2) further comprises a non-zeolitic third oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic third oxidic material preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably one or more of alumina and zirconia, more preferably alumina and zirconia.

[0232] 54. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 53, wherein the first coating according to (ii.2) comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.10 to 0.55 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.25 to 0.39 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.30 to 0.34 g / in3.

[0233] 55. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 54, wherein the first coating according to (ii.2) further comprises a doped non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material, wherein the non-zeolitic fourth oxidic material preferably comprises, more preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, more preferably alumina, wherein the dopant is more preferably selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the dopant more preferably comprises, more preferably is, Zr.

[0234] 56. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 55, wherein the first coating according to (ii.2) comprises the non-zeolitic third oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.01 to 0.15 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.03 to 0.10 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 0.08 g / in3.

[0235] 57. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 56, wherein the MFC comprises the first coating at a loading in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 1 to 3.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .5 to 2.5 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1.75 to 2.25 g / in3.

[0236] 58. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 57, wherein the non-zeolitic second oxidic material according to (ii.3) comprises, preferably is, one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia, preferably alumina and zirconia. 220582W001

[0237] - 28 -

[0238] 59. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 58, wherein the second coating according to (ii.3) comprises the non-zeolitic second oxidic material at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0239] 60. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 59, wherein the MFC comprises the second coating at a loading in the range of from 0.050 to 0.250 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.120 to 0.190 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.140 to 0.170 g / in3.

[0240] 61 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 60, wherein the flow-through substrate according to (ii.1 ) comprises a volume in the range of from 1 .0 to 15.0 L, preferably from 5.0 to 11 .0 L, more preferably from 7.5 to 9.0 L.

[0241] 62. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 41 to 61 , wherein the gas heating component comprises the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) as defined in embodiment 2, wherein the distance between the outlet face of the flow through substrate according to (i.1) and the inlet face of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) is equal to or less than the axial length of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ), the axial length of the flow through substrate according to (i.1) being parallel to the direction of gas flow through the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ), wherein preferably the distance between the outlet face of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) and the inlet face of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) is in the range of from 0 to 80% of the axial length of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ), preferably from

[0242] 0 to 60%, more preferably from 0 to 40%, more preferably from 0 to 20%, more preferably from 0 to 10%, more preferably from 0 to 5%, and more preferably from 0 to 1 % of the axial length of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ).

[0243] 63. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 62, wherein no catalyst component is located between the gas heating component and the MFC, wherein preferably no other component for the treatment of the exhaust gas is located between the gas heating component and the MFC.

[0244] 64. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 63, wherein a first injection means for a nitrogenous reductant is located upstream of the gas heating component, wherein preferably no catalyst component is located between the injection means and the gas heating component, wherein the first reductant injector is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon injector, preferably a hydrocarbon in-cylinder post injector, and a urea injector, wherein the first reductant injector more preferably is a urea injector.

[0245] 65. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 64, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) 220582W001

[0246] - 29 - catalyst located downstream of the MFC, preferably downstream of the substrate according to (II.1 ).

[0247] 66. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 65, wherein no catalyst component is located between the MFC and the SCR catalyst.

[0248] 67. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 65 or 66, wherein the SCR catalyst comprises

[0249] (111.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough;

[0250] (111.2) a coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising Cu, Fe, or Cu and Fe; wherein the coating extends over zi % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (iii.1 ), with zi being in the range of from 45 to 100, preferably from 50 to 100, more preferably from 75 to 100, more preferably from 90 to 100, more preferably from 95 to 100.

[0251] 68. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 67, wherein the zeolitic material according to (iii.2) has a framework type structure selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, and AFX, including mixed structures of two or more thereof, wherein preferably the zeolitic material has a CHA and / or AEl-type framework type structure, preferably a CHA-type framework structure.

[0252] 69. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 67 or 68, wherein the SCR catalyst comprises Cu, wherein the zeolitic material according to (iii.2) comprises Cu, calculated as CuO, in an amount ranging from 5 to 150 g / ft3, preferably from 15 to 100 g / ft3, more preferably from 25 to 70 g / ft3.

[0253] 70. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 67 to 69, wherein the SCR catalyst comprises Fe, wherein preferably the zeolitic material according to (iii.2) comprises Fe, calculated as Fe2Os, in an amount ranging from 50 to 200 g / ft3, more preferably from 80 to 170 g / ft3, more preferably from 100 to 150 g / ft3.

[0254] 71 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 67 to 70, wherein the substrate according to (iii.1) is a wall-flow or a flow-through substrate, preferably a wall-flow or a flow-through honeycomb substrate, and more preferably a flow- through honeycomb substrate, wherein the substrate according to (iii.1 ) preferably comprises, more preferably consists of, a ceramic substance, wherein the ceramic substance preferably comprises, more preferably consists of, one or more of an alumina, a silica, a silicate, an aluminosilicate, a cordierite, a mullite, an aluminotitanate, a silicon carbide, a zirconia, a magnesia, more preferably a spinel, and a titania, more preferably one or more of a silicon carbide and a cordierite, more preferably a cordierite. 220582W001

[0255] - 30 -

[0256] 72. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 67 to 71 , wherein the flow-through substrate according to (iii.1 ) comprises a volume in the range of from 2.0 to 15.0 L, preferably from 5.5 to 11 .5 L, more preferably from 7.5 to 9.5 L.

[0257] 73. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 67 to 72, wherein the SCR catalyst comprises the coating according to (iii.2) at a loading in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 1 to 3.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .5 to 2.5 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .75 to 2.25 g / in3.

[0258] 74. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 67 to 73, wherein the SCR catalyst consists of the flow through substrate according to (iii.1) and the coating according to (iii.2).

[0259] 75. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 74, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system preferably further comprises an SCR catalyst as defined in embodiments 65 to 74, wherein the AMOX catalyst is preferably located downstream of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst.

[0260] 76. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 75, wherein no catalyst component is located between the SCR catalyst and the AMOX catalyst.

[0261] 77. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 75 or 76, wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises

[0262] (iv.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough;

[0263] (iv.2) a coating comprising a porous non-zeolitic oxidic material, a platinum group metal supported on the porous non-zeolitic oxidic material, an oxidic material supported on the porous non-zeolitic oxidic material, and a zeolitic material comprising Cu, Fe, or Cu and Fe; wherein the coating extends over Z2 % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ), with Z2 being in the range of from 45 to 100, preferably from 50 to 100, more preferably from 75 to 100, more preferably from 90 to 100, more preferably from 95 to 100.

[0264] 78. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 77, wherein the substrate according to (iv.1 ) is a flow-through substrate or a wall flow filter substrate, preferably a flow-through substrate, wherein the substrate preferably comprises, more preferably consists of, one or more of a cordierite, an aluminum titanate, a mullite and a silicon carbide, more preferably one or 220582W001

[0265] - 31 - more of a cordierite, an aluminum titanate and a silicon carbide, more preferably a cordierite, wherein the substrate more preferably is a cordierite flow-through substrate; or wherein the substrate preferably comprises, more preferably consist of, a metallic substance, wherein the metallic substance preferably comprises, more preferably consists of, oxygen and one or more of iron, chromium and aluminum, wherein the substrate more preferably is a metallic flow-through substrate.

[0266] 79. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 77 or 78, wherein the flow- through substrate according to (iv.1 ) comprises a volume in the range of from 2.0 to 15.0 L, preferably from 5.5 to 11 .5 L, more preferably from 7.5 to 9.5 L.

[0267] 80. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 79, wherein the zeolitic material according to (iv.2) is an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material, wherein the 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material preferably has a framework structure type selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, LEV, DDR, KFI, ERI, AFX, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, RTH, a mixture of two or more thereof and a mixed type of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of CHA, AEI, a mixture of two thereof and a mixed type of two thereof, wherein the zeolitic material according to (iv.2) more preferably has a CHA framework structure type.

[0268] 81 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 80, wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises the zeolitic material comprising Cu, Fe, or Cu and Fe according to (iv.2) at a loading in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 1 .0 to 4.0 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .5 to 3.5 g / in3.

[0269] 82. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 81 , wherein the porous non-zeolitic oxidic support according to (iv.2) comprises one or more of alumina, silica, zirconia, zirconia-alumina, silica-alumina, and mixtures of two or more thereof, more preferably one or more of alumina, zirconia-alumina, silica-alumina, and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the porous non-zeolitic oxidic support more preferably comprises alumina.

[0270] 83. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 82, wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises the porous non-zeolitic oxidic support at a loading in the range from 0.15 to 1 .0 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 0.15 to 0.75 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 0.20 to 0.50 g / in3.

[0271] 84. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 83, wherein the platinum group metal comprises, preferably is, one or more of Pd, Pt, Rh, and mixture of two or more thereof, preferably Pt. 220582W001

[0272] - 32 -

[0273] 85. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 84, wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises the platinum group metal, calculated as element, in the range of from 0.5 to 45 g / ft3, preferably in the range of from 0.75 to 27 g / ft3, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 14 g / ft3.

[0274] 86. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 85, wherein the first oxidic material comprises, preferably consists of, one or more of titania, silica, and alumina, preferably titania.

[0275] 87. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 86, wherein the coating according to (iv.2) further comprises a second oxidic material supported on the porous non-zeolitic oxidic material, the second oxidic material preferably comprising one or more of manganese, cerium, tungsten, praseodymium and indium, more preferably one or more of manganese, cerium and praseodymium, wherein the second oxidic material more preferably comprises manganese, more preferably manganese oxide, more preferably one or more of MnO, Mn2O3, MnsC and MnC>2.

[0276] 88. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 87, wherein the AMOX catalyst comprises the coating according to (iv.2) at a loading in the range of from 1 to 6 g / in3, preferably in the range of from 1.5 to 4.5 g / in3, more preferably in the range of from 1 .75 to 3.75 g / in3.

[0277] 89. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 88, wherein the AMOX catalyst consists of the flow through substrate according to (iv.1 ) and the coating according to (iv.2).

[0278] 90. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 77 to 89, wherein a second reductant injector for a nitrogenous reductant is located upstream of the AMOX catalyst and downstream of the SCR catalyst, wherein preferably no catalyst component is located between the injection means and the AMOX catalyst, wherein the second reductant injector is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon injector, preferably a hydrocarbon in-cylinder post injector, and a urea injector, wherein the second reductant injector more preferably is a urea injector.

[0279] 91 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 90, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an internal combustion engine located upstream of the exhaust gas conduit, preferably a diesel engine or a lean burn gasoline engine, more preferably a diesel engine.

[0280] 92. The exhaust gas treatment system according to embodiment 91 , wherein no catalyst component is located between the internal combustion engine and the gas heating component. 220582W001

[0281] - 33 -

[0282] 93. The exhaust gas treatment system of any one of embodiments 1 to 92, consisting of the gas heating component, the MFC catalyst, optionally the SCR catalyst and optionally the ammonia oxidation catalyst.

[0283] 94. Method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing NOx, the method comprising

[0284] (A) providing an exhaust gas stream comprising NOx;

[0285] (B) directing the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through an exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 93.

[0286] 95. The method according to embodiment 94, wherein the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) is the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine, more preferably the exhaust gas stream from a compression ignition engine or from a lean burn gasoline engine, more preferably the exhaust gas stream from a diesel engine.

[0287] 96. Use of an exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 93 for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing NOx, wherein the exhaust gas stream containing NOx is preferably the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine, more preferably the exhaust gas stream from a compression ignition engine or from a lean burn gasoline engine, more preferably the exhaust gas stream from a diesel engine.

[0288] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0289] EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

[0290] Reference Example 1 : Determination of the volume-based particle size distribution

[0291] The volume-based particle size distributions, in particular of Dv10, Dv50, and Dv90 values, were determined by a static light scattering method using Sympatec HELOS equipment, wherein the optical concentration of the sample was in the range of from 5 to 10 %.

[0292] Reference Example 2: Gas heating component (also designated herein as electrically heatable catalyst (EHC))

[0293] As electrical heating substrate and, thus as gas heating component, an uncoated flow-through substrate having a total volume of 0.684 L, 130 cpsi and 65 micrometers wall thickness was used. The substrate was electrically heatable, whereby a voltage of 48 V was used for Example 1.

[0294] Reference Example 3: Multi-functional catalyst (MFC) 220582W001

[0295] - 34 -

[0296] A multi-functional catalyst was prepared by applying a bottom coating and a top coating on a metallic substrate.

[0297] Bottom coating:

[0298] A La / Zr-containing mixed metal oxide was impregnated with Pd (La / Zr-containing mixed metal oxide containing 90 weight-% of ZrC>2, the ZrO2comprising maximum 2 mol-% HfC>2, and 10 weight-% of La2Os). The resulting powder was calcined at 590 °C for 1 h. A first aqueous slurry was prepared comprising the calcined Pd-impregnated La / Zr-containing mixed metal oxide, 5 weight-% tartaric acid based on the total weight of the solids, and 0.5 weight-% monoethanolamine (MEA). The slurry was milled to a target of a Dv90 value of 10 micrometer. The slurry had a solids content of 42 weight-% and a pH of 4.25.

[0299] A second aqueous slurry was prepared comprising a Zr-doped alumina and a Cu-containing CHA zeolite. The slurry was milled to particles showing a Dv90 value of 5 micrometer. The slurry had a solids content of 40 weight-%.

[0300] A third aqueous slurry was prepared comprising alumina, 12.5 weight-% acetic acid based on the total weight of the alumina, an alumina binder and a zirconia binder. The slurry was milled to particles showing a Dv90 value of 4.5 micrometer. The slurry had a solids content of 25 weight- 0 / / o.

[0301] A fourth aqueous slurry was prepared comprising alumina. The slurry was milled to particles showing a Dv90 value of 15 micrometer. The slurry had a solids content of 43 weight-%.

[0302] The first, second, third, and fourth slurries were mixed to obtain a final slurry. The final slurry was milled, if required, to particles showing a Dv90 value of 12 micrometer. The final slurry had a solids content of 37 weight-% and a pH of 4.5.

[0303] An uncoated flow-through metallic substrate (diameter 32 mm; length 101.5 mm; total volume 8.214 L; cell density 400 cpsi; wall thickness 40 micrometers) was immersed in the obtained final slurry over 69 % of the substrate axial length, forming the bottom coating. The coated substrate was dried in air having a temperature in the range of 110 to 140 °C for 0.5 to 1 hour and subsequently calcined in air at 590 °C for 20 minutes to 1 hour. The loading of palladium in the bottom coating was 5 g / ft3, the loading of Cu-containing CHA zeolite was 1 .36 g / in3, the loading of La / Zr- containing mixed metal oxide was 0.25 g / in3, the loading of Zr-doped alumina was 0.068 g / in3, the sum of the loadings of alumina binder and zirconia binder, used in the third slurry, was 0.15 g / in3, the loading of alumina, used in the fourth slurry, was 0.17 g / in3.

[0304] Top coating:

[0305] Alumina was impregnated in water with 28.48 weight-% nitric acid based on the weight of the alumina. The solids content of the resulting mixture was 62 weight-%. 220582W001

[0306] - 35 -

[0307] An aqueous slurry was prepared comprising the mixture comprising impregnated alumina, 12.5 weight-% acetic acid based on the non-impregnated alumina, a zirconia binder, and an alumina binder. The aqueous slurry was milled, if required, to particles showing a Dv90 value of 4.5 micrometer. The final slurry had a solids content of 25 weight-% and a pH of 3.8.

[0308] The substrate coated with the bottom coating was coated with the obtained final slurry over 69 % of the substrate axial length. The coated substrate was dried in air having a temperature in the range of 110 to 140 °C for 0.5 to 1 hour and subsequently calcined in air at 590 °C for 20 minutes to 1 hour, forming a top coating.

[0309] The loading of alumina in the top coating was 0.125 g / in3, the sum of the loadings of alumina binder and zirconia binder was 0.03 g / in3.

[0310] Example 1 : Inventive exhaust gas treatment system

[0311] An exhaust gas treatment system was prepared comprising in consecutive order in the direction of exhaust gas flow a gas heating component according to Reference Example 2, a multi-functional catalyst (MFC) according to Reference Example 3, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst and an ammonia oxidation catalyst.

[0312] Example 2: Testing of the exhaust gas treatment system - WLTC and LLC evaluation on a diesel engine

[0313] The system of Example 1 was tested in a Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) as well as in a Low Load Cycle (LLC) on a diesel engine.

[0314] The WHTC test is a transient engine dynamometer schedule defined by the global technical regulation (GTR) No. 4 developed by the UN ECE GRPE group.

[0315] The Low Load Cycle (LLC) has been developed at the SwRI for the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for use in low NOx emission regulations for heavy-duty onroad engines. The LLC test has also been adopted by the US EPA for emission certification of model year 2027 and later heavy-duty engines.

[0316] The WHTC was carried out at different temperatures and while heating the exhaust gas with the gas heating component (see “EHC on” in Figures 1 and 2) and - as a reference - wherein the exhaust gas was not heated with the gas heating component (see “EHC off’ in Figures 1 and 2).

[0317] The results are shown in Figures 1 and 2. As it can be gathered from the results shown in Figures 1 and 2, the system according to Example 1 of the present invention shows a better deNOx performance when heating the exhaust gas with the gas heating component. 220582W001

[0318] - 36 -

[0319] Brief description of the figures

[0320] Figure 1: shows the deNOx performance in % for the multi-functional catalyst (MFC) alone and for the system according to Example 1 , wherein the results are shown for cold WHTC, hot WHTC and for the LLC.

[0321] Figure 2: shows the average temperature in °C for cold WHTC, hot WHTC, and for the

[0322] LLC.

[0323] Cited literature

[0324] - WO 2022 / 069541 A1

Claims

220582W001- 37 -Claims1 . Exhaust gas treatment system comprising an exhaust gas conduit for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas conduit comprises(i) a gas heating component and(ii) a multi-functional catalyst (MFC), wherein the gas heating component is located upstream of the MFC.

2. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1 , wherein the gas heating component comprises,(1.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough.

3. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 2, wherein the gas heating component further comprises(1.2) a first coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, and a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first ox- idic material;(1.3) a second coating comprising a non-zeolitic second oxidic material; wherein the second coating extends over y % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed either on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ) and the first coating, or on the first coating, with y being in the range of from 45 to 100; wherein the first coating extends over x % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (i.1 ), with x being in the range of from 45 to 100.

4. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the MFC comprises an extrudate comprising an MFC composition, wherein the MFC composition comprises a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material, and a non- zeolitic second oxidic material.

5. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the MFC comprises,(11.1 ) a flow through substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough;(11.2) a first coating comprising a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, and a first platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic first oxidic material;(11.3) a second coating comprising a non-zeolitic second oxidic material;220582W001- 38 - wherein the second coating extends over y % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed either on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ) and the first coating, or on the first coating, with y being in the range of from 45 to 100; wherein the first coating extends over x % of the axial length of the substrate from the inlet end to the outlet end and is disposed on the surface of the internal walls of the flow through substrate according to (ii.1 ), with x being in the range of from 45 to 100.

6. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the zeo- litic material according to (i.2), (ii.2) and comprised in the MFC composition independently from one another comprises 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material.

7. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the first platinum group metal component according to (i.2), (ii.2) and comprised in the MFC composition independently from one another comprises Pd, Rh, or Pd and Rh.

8. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the gas heating component, the extrudate and the MFC independently from one another comprise the first platinum group metal component at a loading, calculated as elemental Pd, elemental Rh, or elemental Pd and elemental Rh, in the range of from 1 to 20 g / ft3.

9. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the non- zeolitic first oxidic material according to (i.2), (ii.2) and comprised in the MFC composition independently from one another comprises a mixed metal oxide comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and a second metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Hf, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

10. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the non- zeolitic second oxidic material according to (i.3), (ii.3) and comprised in the MFC composition independently from one another comprises one or more of alumina, silica and zirconia.11 . The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst located downstream of the MFC.

12. The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the exhaust gas treatment system further comprises an ammonia oxidation (AMOX) catalyst.220582W001- 39 -13. The exhaust gas treatment system of any one of claims 1 to 12, consisting of the gas heating component, the MFC catalyst, optionally the SCR catalyst and optionally the ammonia oxidation catalyst.

14. Method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing NOx, the method compris- ing(A) providing an exhaust gas stream comprising NOx;(B) directing the exhaust gas stream provided in (A) through an exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. Use of an exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream containing NOx.

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