Binder composition

Abstract

In one aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, and a dispersant in an amount of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In another aspect, the present invention provides a curable slurry for forming a green body.

Description

PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550BINDER COMPOSITIONCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This PCT application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application no. 63 / 708,671, filed October 17, 2024. This document is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body (e.g., a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) green body) and a curable slurry formed from the binder composition.BACKGROUND

[0003] Curable slurries comprising a binder composition and a powder material may form green bodies. Resultant green bodies may be sintered to, for example, form various components of solid-state batteries (e.g., a cathode layer, a separator layer, etc.). Some solid- state batteries include a dense, solid-state electrolyte (SSE) separator layer comprising a SSE material powder (e g., a lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) powder). The SSE separator layer prevents electronic conduction and allows ionic conduction between an anode and a cathode. The SSE separator layer should have a sufficiently low porosity such that a relative density of the SSE separator layer is near the theoretical density for the SSE separator layer. This ensures that there are no open pathways for anolyte and / or catholyte seepage or lithium dendrite formation or propagation.

[0004] A curable slurry that retains processability for several hours, even upon exposure to air and moisture, is desirable for efficient manufacturing of green bodies. Curable slurries may undergo a rapid increase in viscosity when the binder composition and the powder material are mixed due to interactions between the binder composition and the powder material, particularly when the curable slurries are exposed to air and moisture. This increase in viscosity reduces processability over time until the curable slurry is no longer suitable for use. The length of time that a curable slurry remains processable (i.e., retains a low enough viscosity7to form, for example, a green body) is referred to as a "pot-life" of the curable slurry7.

[0005] Binder compositions impact the pot-life of curable slurries. Additionally, binder compositions contribute to green body curling (i.e., warping / distortion of the green body after curing). Curling may render the green body unsatisfactory for integration into a product (e.g.,162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 a solid-state batter. ). To address problems associated with pot-life and curling, green bodies may be formed in air and moisture free environments (e.g., a glovebox), or specialized processes may be implemented to mix, process, coat, and cure slurries in an unreasonably short time frame. However, creation and maintenance of air and moisture free environments and / or specialized processes represent a significant expense that reduces the practicability of large-scale green body production.

[0006] As such, there remains need to provide an improved binder composition for forming a green body.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) an initiator in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iii) a dispersant in an amount of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0008] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 93 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acry late, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5- trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acry late, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acry late, 4-tert- butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is further defined as a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, the binder composition further comprises a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.%, and the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 93 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. And, in some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acry late, isobomyl acry late, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0010] In some embodiments, the binder composition further comprises a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 \\1.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total yveight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 5 wt .% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate. 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-buty lene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol di methacryl ate. 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. And, in some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the binder composition further comprises an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt .% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.%. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acry late oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a poly ether acrylate oligomer, a polyether methacrylate oligomer, a siloxane acry late oligomer, a siloxane methacrylate oligomer, an acrylate362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acrylate ester oligomer. And, in some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester acrylate oligomer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 6 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. And, in some embodiments, the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2- phenyl acetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methylbenzophenone.

[0013] In some embodiments, the initiator is further defined as a first initiator, the binder composition further comprises a second initiator in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, and the first initiator and the second initiator are different. In some embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 6 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the second initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. And, in some embodiments, the second initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0014] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 25 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And. in some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 4 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0015] In some embodiments, the binder composition further comprises an additive in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the additive is a defoamer, a deaerator, a foaming agent,462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 a plasticizer, an adhesion promoter, a release agent, a wetting agent, a rheology additive, a slip additive, a flow additive, a leveling agent, a water repellant additive, a wax, or a solvent.

[0016] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety7. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0017] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) an initiator in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iii) a dispersant in an amount of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0018] In another aspect, the present invention provides a composition for forming a green body. The composition comprises:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 35 wt.% to about 55 wt .% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 45 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different:(iii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iv) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition.

[0019] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 40 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 30 wt.% to about 40 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0020] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 42.5 wt.% to about 47.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 32.5 wt.% to about 38.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7.5 wt.% to about 12.5 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0021] In some embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acry late, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' are each independently lauryl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0022] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate. 1 ,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol di methacryl ate. 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate.662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0023] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy-2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0024] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different:(iii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 35 wt.% to about 55 wt.%;(iv) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0025] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 22.5 wt.% to about 32.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 40 wt.% to about 50 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0026] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 42.5 wt.% to about 47.5 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acr late, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzy l acry late, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' are each independently laury l acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0028] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol di acrylate. 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate. 1 ,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate.

[0029] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy -2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy -2 -phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0030] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 50 wt.% to about 70 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 20 wt.% to about 40 wt.%;862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0031] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 55 wt.% to about 65 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 35 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0032] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 28 wt.% to about 33 wt.%(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0033] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3.3.5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acry late, octadecyl acry late, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is independently lauryl acry late, 4-tert- butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0034] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol di methacryl ate. 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate.

[0035] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy -2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0036] In yet a further aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 90 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0037] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 75 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0038] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about77.5 wt.% to about 82.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7.5 wt.% to about12.5 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and1062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0039] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acry late, 4-tcrt-butylcyclohexyl acry late, benzyd aery late, laury l aery late, isodecy l acry late, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl aery late, tridecy l aery late, tetradecyl acry late, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert- butyl cyclohexyl aery late, isobomyl aery late, or isooctyd acrylate.

[0040] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate. 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1.9-nonanediol diacrydate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrydate, ethylene glycol dimethacr date, 1,3-butydene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacry date, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrydate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrydate, or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate.

[0041] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy-2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0042] In one aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iii) an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iv) a first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;1162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(v) a second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the first initiator and the second initiator are different; and(vi) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0043] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iv) the first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(v) the second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(vi) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0044] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 67.5 wt.% to about 72.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7 wt.% to about 12 wt.%;(iii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 7 wt.% to about 12 wt.%;(iv) the first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(v) the second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(vi) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0045] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3.3.5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl1262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acry late, decyl acry late, tridecyl acry late, tetradecyl acry late, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert- butyl cyclohexyl acry late, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0046] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tri cyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate. 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-buty lene glycol dimethacrylate, 1 ,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate.

[0047] In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acrylate oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a poly ether acrylate oligomer, a polyether methacrylate oligomer, a siloxane acr late oligomer, a siloxane methacrylate oligomer, an acrylate oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is an acrylate ester oligomer. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester acrylate oligomer.

[0048] In some embodiments, the first initiator and the second initiator are each independently a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In other embodiments, the first initiator and the second initiator are each independently 2 -hydroxy -2- methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methylbenzophenone.

[0049] In another aspect, the present invention further provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 85 wt.%(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;1362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0050] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about67.5 wt.% to about 77.5 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0051] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0052] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzy l acry late, lauryl acry late, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert- butylcyclohexyl acry late, isobomyl acry late, or isooctyd acrylate.

[0053] In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acrylate oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a poly ether acrylate oligomer, a polyether methacrylate oligomer, a siloxane acry late oligomer, a siloxane methacry late oligomer, an acrylate oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acrylate ester oligomer. In other1462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester acrylate oligomer.

[0054] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy -2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy -2 -phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0055] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0056] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0057] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt .% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.1562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0058] In some embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acry late, stearyl acry late, octyd acrylate, decyl aery late, tridecyl aery late, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acry late. In other embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl aery late, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl aery late.

[0059] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy-2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0060] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a curable slurry' for forming a green body. The green body comprises a binder composition and a powder material. The binder composition may be any binder composition described herein.

[0061] In some embodiments, the powder material comprises a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) material powder. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) powder, a doped LLZO powder, a lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) powder, a doped LLTO powder, a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) powder, a doped NASICON powder, a lithium titanate (LTO) powder, a doped LTO powder, a lithium zirconate (LZO) pow der, a doped LZO powder, a lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) powder, a doped LATP powder, a lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) powder, a doped LAGP powder, a lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) powder, a doped LiPON powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.

[0062] In some embodiments, the powder material comprises a cathode active material pow der. In some embodiments, the cathode active material pow der is a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) pow der, a doped NMC powder, a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) powder, a doped NCA powder, a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) powder, a doped LFP powder, a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) powder, a doped LMFP pow der, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.

[0063] In some embodiments, the pow der material comprises a non-reactive material powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is an aluminum oxide powder, a doped aluminum oxide powder, a zirconium oxide powder, a doped zirconium oxide powder,1662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 a titanium dioxide powder, a doped titanium dioxide powder, a barium titanate powder, a doped barium titanate powder, a tungsten carbide powder, a doped tungsten carbide powder, a magnesium oxide powder, a doped magnesium oxide powder, a silicon oxide powder, a doped silicon oxide powder, a titanium nitride powder, a doped titanium nitride powder, a silicon nitride powder, a doped silicon nitride powder, a silicon carbide powder, a doped silicon carbide powder, a lanthanum oxide powder, a doped lanthanum oxide powder, an iron oxide powder, a doped iron oxide powder, a cerium oxide powder, a doped cerium oxide powder, an aluminum nitride powder, a doped aluminum nitride powder, a boron nitride powder, a doped boron nitride powder, a yttria oxide powder, a doped yttria oxide powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.

[0064] In some embodiments, the curable slurry further comprises a pore forming agent. In some embodiments, the pore forming agent is an organic pore forming agent. In some embodiments, the pore forming agent is an inorganic pore forming agent. In some embodiments, the curable slurry further comprises a conductive additive.

[0065] In some embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 1,000 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s’1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In other embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 500 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. And, in some embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 250 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed.

[0066] In some embodiments, the curable slurry comprises a lithium salt of a hydrolyzed component exhibiting a characteristic stretch in Fourier- transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at from 1585 cm'1to 1545 cm'1, and a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry 8 hours after the binder composition and the pow der material are mixed is less than about 0. 100 as calculated according to formula (1)Relative Increase = Areati[c=o]t - Areati[c=o]to(1) whereinAreaLi[c=o]t is the integrated area of the Li[C=O] stretch about 8 hours after the binder composition and the pow der material are mixed; andAreati[c=o]to is the integrated area of the Li[C=O] stretch after the binder composition and powder material are mixed.1762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0067] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a curable slurry. The method comprises:(a) providing a binder composition as described herein and a powder material; and(b) mixing the binder composition and the powder material to form the curable slurry.

[0068] In some implementations, the mixing step (b) further comprises:(b-1 ) mixing the binder composition and the powder material to form an agglomerated powder; and(b-2) milling the agglomerated powder to form the curable slurry.

[0069] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a green body. The method comprises:(a) forming a curable green body from a curable slurry as described herein; and(b) curing the curable green body to form the green body.

[0070] In some implementations, the forming step (a) further comprises casting the curable slurry onto a substrate.

[0071] In some implementations, the method further comprises:(c) releasing the green body from the substrate after step (b).

[0072] In some implementations, the curing step (b) further comprises curing the curable green body with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat, electron beam (e-beam) radiation, or any combination thereof to form the green body. In other implementations, the curing step (b) further comprises curing the curable green body with UV radiation to form the green body.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] The following figures are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.

[0074] FIGS. 1 A-1H are Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra at a frequency range of 1660 cm’1to 1500 cm1for curable slurries prepared according to Example 1. For each curable slurry', a spectrum immediately after mixing a binder composition and a material powder (tO) and a spectrum 8 hours after mixing the binder composition and the material powder (t = 8 hours) are shown.

[0075] FIGS. 2A-H are photographic images of hand draw down casts of the curable slurries prepared according to Example 1. For each curable slurry, an image of a hand draw down cast immediately after preparing the curable slurry’ (tO) and an image of a hand draw down cast 8 hours after preparing the curable slurry are shown.1862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0076] FIG. 21 is a photographic image of the hand draw down cast of curable slurry B-CS (also shown in FIG. 2H) 8 hours after preparing, with residual slurry shown on the draw down bar to illustrate an adequate volume of slurry was used (i.e., low cast quality is due to insufficient substrate wetting).

[0077] FIG. 2J is a photographic image of an additional hand draw down cast of curable slurry B-CS, prepared according to Example 1, 8 hours after preparing.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] The present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body (e g., a solid-electrolyte (SSE) green body) and a curable slurry' formed from the binder composition.

[0079] As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated.

[0080] I. DEFINITIONS

[0081] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary configurations only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular articles "a," "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising." "including," and "having," are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. Additional or alternative steps may be employed.

[0082] The terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections. These elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example configurations.

[0083] As used herein, when an element is referred to as being "on," "engaged to," "connected to," "attached to," or "coupled to" another element, it may be directly on, engaged, connected, attached, or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly engaged to," "directly connected to," "directly attached to," or "directly coupled to" another1962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 element, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g.. "between" versus "directly between," "adjacent" versus "directly adjacent," etc.). As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0084] As used herein, the term "binder composition" refers to a composition comprising a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, an initiator, and a dispersant. The binder composition may be mixed with a powder material to form curable slurry.

[0085] As used herein, the term "monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety " refers to a compound comprising at least one polymerizable moiety (e g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more polymerizable moieties) and that may react with other compounds (e.g., other monomers, oligomers, and / or polymers) to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a multifunctional monomer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acr late, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate. 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert- butyl cyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acry late, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acry late. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0086] As used herein, the term "polymerizable moiety" refers to a reactive functional group that may react w ith reactive functional groups (e.g., polymerizable moieties) of other monomers, oligomers, and / or polymers to form a polymer. Exemplary polymerizable moieties include, by way of non-limiting example, acrylate, methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, isocyanate, alcohol, amine, epoxide, episulfide, propargyl ethers, styryl, vinyl, vinyl ethers, silicone, and siloxane.

[0087] As used herein, the term "multifunctional monomer" refers to a monomer comprising at least two polymerizable moieties (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more polymerizable moieties). In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrylate. 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10- decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3- methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1.4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12-2062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate.

[0088] As used herein, the term "initiator" refers to a chemical compound that initiates polymerization reactions in the presence of monomers, oligomers, and / or polymers. In some embodiments, the initiator is a photoinitiator (e.g., a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator).

[0089] As used herein, the term "photoinitiator" refers to a chemical compound that forms a reactive species when exposed to radiation (e.g., ultraviolet (UV) radiation or visible radiation). The reactive species formed from the photoinitiator may initiate polymerization.

[0090] As used herein, the term "dispersant" refers to an agent that facilitates formation and / or stabilization of a dispersion. The dispersant is substantially inert in the presence of other components of the binder composition (e.g., the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, the initiator, etc.) and / or a curable slurry (e.g., a powder material). In some embodiments, the dispersant is a surfactant (e.g., polymerizable surfactant).

[0091] As used herein, the term "oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety" refers to a compound comprising repeating chemical units and at least one polymerizable moiety (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more polymerizable moi eties). The oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety may react with other compounds (e.g., other monomers, oligomers, and or polymers) to form a polymer. In some embodiments, is a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acrylate oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a polyether acrylate oligomer, a polyether methacr late oligomer, a siloxane acrylate oligomer, a siloxane methacrylate oligomer, an acrylate oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acrylate oligomer (e.g., an acrylate ester oligomer). In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acrylate ester oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester acrylate oligomer.

[0092] As used herein, the term "curable slurry" refers to a mixture of a binder composition and a powder material that is cured (i.e., undergoes polymerization) to form a green body.

[0093] As used herein, the term "powder material" refers to a material comprising a powder. In some embodiments, the powder material comprises a SSE material powder. In some embodiments, the powder material comprises a cathode active material powder. In some embodiments, the powder material comprises a non-reactive material powder.2162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0094] As used herein, the term "green body" refers to a cured, unsintered body (e.g., a tape and / or a film).

[0095] As used herein, the term "SSE material powder" refers to a powdered material that is suitable for use in a solid-state electrolyte (e.g., for use in a battery cell). In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) powder, a doped LLZO powder, a lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) powder, a doped LLTO powder, a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) powder, a doped NASICON powder, a lithium titanate (LTO) powder, a doped LTO powder, a lithium zirconate (LZO) powder, a doped LZO pow der, a lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) pow der, a doped LATP powder, a lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) powder, a doped LAGP pow der, a lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) powder, a doped LiPON powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.

[0096] As used herein, the term "LLZO powder" refers to a powdered material that comprises a doped or undoped LLZO cubic garnet phase or tetragonal garnet phase. In some embodiments, the LLZO powder comprises a LLZO powder, a doped LLZO powder, or any combination thereof.

[0097] As used herein, the term "cathode active material powder" refers to a powdered material that is suitable for use in a cathode layer (e.g., for use in a battery cell). In some embodiments, the cathode active material pow der is a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) powder, a doped NMC powder, a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) powder, a doped NCA powder, a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) powder, a doped LFP powder, a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) powder, a doped LMFP powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.

[0098] As used herein, the term "non-reactive material powder" refers to a powdered material comprising components that are non-reactive. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is an aluminum oxide powder, a doped aluminum oxide powder, a zirconium oxide powder, a doped zirconium oxide pow der, a titanium dioxide powder, a doped titanium dioxide powder, a barium titanate powder, a doped barium titanate powder, a tungsten carbide powder, a doped tungsten carbide powder, a magnesium oxide powder, a doped magnesium oxide powder, a silicon oxide powder, a doped silicon oxide pow der, a titanium nitride pow der, a doped titanium nitride powder, a silicon nitride powder, a doped silicon nitride powder, a silicon carbide pow der, a doped silicon carbide powder, a lanthanum oxide powder, a doped lanthanum oxide powder, an iron oxide powder, a doped iron oxide powder, a cerium oxide powder, a doped cerium oxide powder, an aluminum nitride powder, a doped2262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 aluminum nitride powder, a boron nitride powder, a doped boron nitride powder, a yttria oxide powder, a doped yttria oxide powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.

[0099] II. BINDER COMPOSITION

[0100] In one aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, an initiator, and a dispersant.

[0101] A. Monomer Comprising A Polymerizable Moiety

[0102] The monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 93 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0103] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7is present in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 65 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 35 wt.% to about 55 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 40 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 42.5 wt.% to about 47.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7is present in an amount of from about 44 wt.% to about 46 wt.% (e.g., about 44 wt.%. about 44.5 wt.%, about 45 wt.%, about 45.5 wt.%, or about 46 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0104] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 55 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 20 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 45 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 30 wt.% to about 40 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a2362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 32.5 wt.% to about 38.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 35 wt.% to about 37 wt.% (e.g., about 35 wt.%, about 35.5 wt.%, about 36 wt.%, about 36.5 wt.%, or about 37 wt.%) based on the total w eight of the binder composition.

[0105] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 40 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 22.5 wt.% to about 32.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 26 wt.% to about 28 wt.% (e.g., about 26 wt.%, about 26.5 wt.%, about 27 wt.%, about 27.5 wt.%, or about 28 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0106] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 40 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 17 wt.% to about 19 wt.% (e.g., about 17 wt.%, about 17.5 wt.%, about 18 wt.%, about 18.5 wt.%, or about 19 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0107] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 50 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety2462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 is present in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 90 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 75 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 77.5 wt.% to about 82.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 79 wt.% to about 81 wt.% (e.g., about 79 wt .%, about 79.5 wt .%, about 80 wt.%, about 80.5 wt.%, or about 81 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0108] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 50 wt.% to about 90 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 55 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 67.5 wt.% to about 72.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 69 wt.% to about 71 wt.% (e.g., about 69 wt.%, about 69.5 wt.%, about 70 wt.%, about 70.5 wt.%, or about 71 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0109] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 71 wt.% to about 73 wt.% (e.g., about 71 wt.%, about 71.5 wt.%, about 72 wt.%, about 72.5 wt.%, or about 73 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.2562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0110] The monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety may be any suitable monomer having at least one polymerizable moiety. By way of non-limiting example, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety may be isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acr late. 4-tert- butyl cyclohexyl acry late, benzy l acry late, laury l acry late, isodecyl acry late, stearyl acry late, octyl acry late, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, behenyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, isopentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acry late, dicyclopentanyl acry late, sty rene, isobomyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 3,3,5- trimethyl cyclohexyl methacrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl methacrylate, benzyl methacry late, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, isotridecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacry late, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2- ethylhexyl methacrylate, or dicy clopentanyl methacrylate.[OHl] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3.3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, steary l acry late, octyd acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or beheny l acry late. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate. 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isoocty l acry late. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7is 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acry late. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is benzyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isodecyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is steary l acry late. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7is octyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is decyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is tridecyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a2662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 polymerizable moiety is tetradecyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is hexadecyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is octadecyl acrylate. And, in some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is behenyl acrylate.

[0112] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7is further defined as a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, and the binder composition further comprises a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety. The first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different.

[0113] When the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety may be any monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety described herein for the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and may be present in any amount described herein for the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.%. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 93 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0114] In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5- trimethyl cyclohexyl acr late. 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzy l acry late, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl aciy late. octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is lauryl acry late, 4- tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acry late, or isooctyl acry late. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobornyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is 3, 3, 5 -trimethyl cy clohexyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is benzyl2762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 acrylate. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isodecyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is stearyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is octy l acry late. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is decyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is tridecyl acrylate. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is tetradecyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is hexadecyl acry late. In some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is octadecyl acrylate. And. in some embodiments, the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is behenyl acrylate.

[0115] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises more than two (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) monomers comprising a polymerizable moiety . When additional monomers are present, the additional monomers comprising a polymerizable moiety may each be any monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety’ described herein for the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and may each be present in any amount described herein for the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety.

[0116] B. Initiator

[0117] The initiator is present in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 6 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0118] In some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 2 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 4 wt.% to about 6 wt.% (e.g., about 4 wt.%, about 4.5 wt.%, about 5 wt.%, about 5.5 wt.%, or about 6 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.2862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0119] In some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 \vt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0120] The initiator may be any photoinitiator suitable for initiating polymerization. In some embodiments, the initiator is a photo initiator. For example, the initiator may be a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator (e.g., a hydroxy acetophenone, an alkylaminophenone, a benzil ketal, a dialkoxyacetophenone, a benzoin ether, etc.). In other embodiments, the initiator is a Type II photoinitiator (e.g., a benzophenone, a benzoylformate ester, etc.). By way of non-limiting example, the initiator may be 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2- phenyl acetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 4-methylbenzophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy- 1 ,2-diphenylethan- 1 -one, mal eimides, 2-hy droxy-2-methyl- 1 -phenylpropanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, oligo(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-[4-(l- methylvinyl)phenyl]propanone, 2-hydroxy-2-methy 1- 1 -phenylpropan- 1 -one, benzophenone, 4-Phenylbenzophenone, bis [4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] methanone, methylbenzophenone, 4,4'-Bis(diethyl amino)benzophenone. 4-(2 -hy droxyethoxy)phenyl-(2 -hydroxy -2- methylpropyl)ketone, hydroxyacetophenone, isopropyl thioxanthone, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzoly- diphenyl phosphine oxides, bis(2,6-dimethyloxybenzoyl) 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide, benzyldimethyl ketal, camphorquinone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-(4-t-butyl)phenylpropan-l-none, bis(2,4,6- trimethylbenzoyl), 2-benzyl-2-N,N-dimethylamino-l-(4-morpholinophenyl)-l butanone, 2- mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-methyl-l-[4-(methylthiophenyl)]-2 -morpholinopropanone, 2- ethylhexyl-(4-N,N-dimethyl amino)benzoate, ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, a polymeric photoinitiator thereof, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the photoinitiator comprises, 2.2-dimethoxy-1.2-diphenylethan-l-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l -phenylpropanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, benzophenone, 4-Phenylbenzophenone, bis[4- (dimethylamino)phenyl]methanone, methylbenzophenone, 4,4'-Bis(diethyl amino)benzophenone, 4-(2 -hy droxy ethoxy )phenyl-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)ketone, hydroxyacetophenone, isopropyl thioxanthone, or a polymeric initiator of any such initiator. In other embodiments, the initiator is benzyldimethyl ketal, camphorquinone, 2-hydroxy-2-2962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 methyl-1 -(4-t-butyl)phenylpropan-l -none, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl), 2-benzyl-2-N,N- dimethylamino-l-(4-morpholinophenyl)-l butanone, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-methyl-l-[4- (methylthiophenyl)]-2-morpholinopropanone, 2-ethylhexyl-(4-N,N-dimethyl amino)benzoate, ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, or a polymeric initiator of any such initiator.

[0121] In some embodiments, the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2- methylpropiophenone. In other embodiments, the initiator is 2,2-dimethoxy-2- phenylacetophenone. In some embodiments, the initiator is 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone. And, in some embodiments, the initiator is 4-methylbenzophenone.

[0122] In some embodiments, the initiator is further defined as a first initiator, and the binder composition further comprises a second initiator. The first initiator and the second initiator are different.

[0123] When the second initiator is present, the second initiator may be any initiator described herein for the first initiator and may be present in any amount described herein for the first initiator. In some embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 6 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0124] In some embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0125] In some embodiments, the second initiator is a photoinitiator. For example, the second initiator may be a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some3062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 embodiments, the second initiator is a Type I photoinitiator (e.g., a hydroxy acetophenone, an alkylaminophenone, a benzil ketal, a dialkoxyacetophenone, a benzoin ether, etc.). In other embodiments, the second initiator is a Type II photoinitiator (e.g., a benzophenone, a benzoylformate ester, etc.). By way of non-limiting example, the second initiator may be 2- hy droxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 - hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone. 4-methylbenzophenone, 2.2-dimethoxy-1.2- diphenylethan-l-one, maleimides. 2 -hydroxy -2 -methyl- 1 -phenylpropanone, 1 -hydroxy - cyclohexylphenylketone, oligo(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l -[4-(l -methylvinyl)phenyl]propanone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-phenylpropan-l-one, benzophenone, 4-Phenylbenzophenone, bis[4- (dimethylamino)phenyl]methanone, methylbenzophenone, 4,4'-Bis(diethyl amino)benzophenone, 4-(2 -hydroxy ethoxy )phenyl-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)ketone, hydroxyacetophenone, isopropyl thioxanthone, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzoly-diphenyl phosphine oxides, bis(2,6-dimethyloxybenzoyl) 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6- trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide, benzyldimethyl ketal, camphorquinone, 2- hy droxy-2-methyl- 1 -(4-t-buty l)phenylpropan- 1 -none, bis(2.4.6-trimethylbenzoyl), 2-benzyl- 2-N,N-dimethylamino-I-(4-morpholinophenyl)-l butanone. 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2- methyl-l-[4-(methylthiophenyl)-2-morpholinopropanone, 2-ethylhexyl-(4-N,N-dimethyl amino)benzoate, ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, a polymeric photoinitiator thereof, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the photoinitiator comprises, 2,2-dimethoxy- 1 ,2-diphenylethan- 1 -one, 2-hy droxy-2-methyl- 1 -phenylpropanone, 1 -hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, benzophenone, 4-Phenylbenzophenone, bis[4- (dimethylamino)phenyl]methanone, methylbenzophenone, 4,4'-Bis(diethyl amino)benzophenone, 4-(2 -hy droxy ethoxy )phenyl-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)ketone, hydroxyacetophenone, isopropyl thioxanthone, or a polymeric initiator of any such initiator. In other embodiments, the second initiator is benzyldimethyl ketal, camphorquinone, 2- hydroxy-2-methyl-l-(4-t-butyl)phenylpropan-l-none, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl), 2-benzyl- 2-N,N-dimethylamino-l-(4-morpholinophenyl)-l butanone, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2- methyl-l-[4-(methylthiophenyl)-2-morpholinopropanone, 2-ethylhexyl-(4-N.N-dimethyl amino)benzoate, ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, or a polymeric initiator of any such initiator.

[0126] In some embodiments, the second initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2 -phenylacetophenone, 1 -hy droxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone. In some embodiments, the second initiator is 2-hydroxy-2- methylpropiophenone. In other embodiments, the second initiator is 2,2-dimethoxy-2-3162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 phenylacetophenone. In some embodiments, the second initiator is 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone. And. in some embodiments, the second initiator is 4-methylbenzophenone.

[0127] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises more than two (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) initiators. When additional initiators are present, the additional initiators may each be any initiator described herein for the first initiator and may each be present in any amount described herein for the first initiator.

[0128] C. Dispersant

[0129] The dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 4 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0130] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 2 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 3 wt.% to about 7 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 4 wt.% to about 6 wt.% (e.g., about 4 wt.%, about 5 wt.%, about 6 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0131] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0132] The dispersant is substantially inert in the presence of other components of the binder composition (e.g., the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, the initiator, etc.) and / or curable slurry (e.g., a powder material). Exemplary dispersants include, by way of non-3262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 limiting example, fish oil, fatty acids (e.g., capry lic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, etc.), sulfonated fatty' acids, fatty' alcohols (e.g., caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, stearic alcohol, lauric alcohol, myristic alcohol, palmitic alcohol, arachidic alcohol, behenic alcohol, lignoceric alcohol, cerotic alcohol, etc.), polymerizable surfactants, castor oil, Solsperse™ and Solplus™ dispersants commercially available from Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe (Ohio). U.S.A.) (e.g., Solsperse™ AC4320, Solsperse™ 28000, Solplus™ D610, etc.), dispersants commercially available from Polymer Innovations Inc. (Vista (California), U.S.A.) (e.g., DS002, DS004, DS009, etc.), Brij™ and Hypermer™ dispersants commercially available from Croda International pic (Snaith, England) (e.g., Hypermer™ KD6. Hypermer™ KD7. Hypermer™ KD28, Hypermer™ KD66, Hypermer™ KD73. Hypermer™ KD77, etc.), dispersants commercially available from BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany) (e.g., BYK-LP C 25059, etc.), and Triton™ dispersants commercially available from Dow Chemical Company (Midland (Michigan), U.S.A) (e.g., Triton™ X-100, etc.). In some embodiments, the dispersant is a fish oil, a fatty acid ester, or sulfonated fatty’ acid.

[0133] In some embodiments, the dispersant is further defined as a first dispersant, and the binder composition further comprises a second dispersant. The first dispersant and the second dispersant are different.

[0134] When the second dispersant is present, the second dispersant may be any dispersant described herein for the first dispersant and may be present in any amount described herein for the first dispersant. In some embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 4 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0135] In some embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total3362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the second dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0136] In some embodiments, the second dispersant is a fish oil, a fatty acid (e.g., caprylic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, etc.), a sulfonated fatty acid, a fatty alcohol (e.g., caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, stearic alcohol, lauric alcohol, myristic alcohol, palmitic alcohol, arachidic alcohol, behenic alcohol, lignoceric alcohol, cerotic alcohol, etc.), a polymerizable surfactant, castor oil, a Solsperse™ or Solplus™ dispersant commercially available from Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe (Ohio), U.S.A.) (e.g., Solsperse™ AC4320, Solsperse™ 28000, Solplus™ D610, etc.), a dispersant commercially available from Polymer Innovations Inc. (Vista (California), U.S.A.) (e.g., DS002, DS004, DS009, etc.), a Brij™ or Hypermer™ dispersant commercially available from Croda International pic (Snaith, England) (e.g., Hypermer™ KD6, Hypermer™ KD7, Hypermer™ KD28, Hypermer™ KD66, Hypermer™ KD73, Hypermer™ KD77, etc.), a dispersant commercially available from BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany) (e.g., BYK-LP C 25059, etc.), or Triton™ a dispersant commercially available from Dow Chemical Company (Midland (Michigan), U.S.A) (e.g., Triton™ X-100, etc.). In some embodiments, the second dispersant is a fish oil, a fatty7acid ester, or sulfonated fatty acid.

[0137] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises more than two (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. 8, 9, 10, or more) dispersants. When additional dispersants are present, the additional dispersants may each be any dispersant described herein for the first dispersant and may each be present in any amount described herein for the first dispersant.

[0138] D. Multifunctional Monomer

[0139] In some embodiments, the binder composition further comprises a multifunctional monomer. For example, the multifunctional monomer may be present in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And. in some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0140] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to3462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 5 wt. % to about 15 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 7.5 wt. % to about 12.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 7 wt. % to about 12 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 8 wt. % to about 10 wt.% (e.g., about 8 wt.%, about 8.5 wt.%, about 9 wt.%, about 9.5 wt.%, or about 10 wt.%) based on the total w eight of the binder composition.

[0141] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 25 wt. % to about 65 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 30 wt. % to about 60 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 35 wt. % to about 55 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 40 wt. % to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 42.5 wt. % to about 47.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 44 wt. % to about 46 wt.% (e.g., about 44 wt.%, about 44.5 wt.%, about 45 wt.%, about 45.5 wt.%, or about 46 wt.%) based on the total w eight of the binder composition.

[0142] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 50 wt. % to about 90 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 55 wt. % to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 60 wt. % to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 65 wt. % to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 67.5 wt. % to about 72.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 69 wt. % to about 71 wt.%3562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(e.g., about 69 wt.%, about 69.5 wt.%, about 70 wt.%, about 70.5 wt.%, or about 71 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0143] The multifunctional monomer may be any suitable monomer having at least two polymerizable moieties. By way of non-limiting example, the multifunctional monomer may be 1,4-butanediol diaciylate, 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9- nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diaciylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-1.5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diaciy late, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1 ,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10- decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethaciylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, tri cyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol dimethac ylate. 1,12- dodecanediol dimethaciy late, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diaciy late, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5- pentanediol diaciylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diaciy late. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,9-nonanediol diaciylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,10-decanediol diacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is neopentyl glycol diacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is tri cyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is cyclohexane dimethanol diaciylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is dioxane glycol diacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is ethylene glycol dimethaciy late. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol dimethaciylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,10-decanediol dimethaciylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate. In other3662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate. And, in some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is bisphenol A dimethacrylate.

[0144] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is other than a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety. In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety (i.e., the binder composition comprises less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 2 wt.%, less than about 1.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%, less than about 0.5 wt.%, less than about 0.1 wt.%. or less than about 0.01 wt.% of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety based on the total weight of the binder composition). In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0145] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is further defined as a first multifunctional monomer, and the binder composition further comprises a second multifunctional monomer. The first multifunctional monomer and the second multifunctional monomer are different.

[0146] When the second multifunctional monomer is present, the second multifunctional monomer may be any multifunctional monomer described herein for the first multifunctional monomer and may be present in any amount described herein for the first multifunctional monomer. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0147] In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer may be 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. 1,9-nonanediol di aery I ate. 1,10-decanediol di aery I ate. neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tri cyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1.4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,4- butanediol diacrylate, 1, 5 -pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5-3762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 pentanediol diaciylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacr late. 1,4-butanediol di methacr l ate. 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate. 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5- pentanediol di aery late. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,4- butanediol diacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,5- pentanediol diaciylate. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1.6- hexanediol diacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,9- nonanediol diacrylate. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,10- decanediol diacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is neopentyl glycol diacrylate. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is dioxane glycol diacrylate. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol di meth aery I ate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol di methacryl ate. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate. And, in some embodiments, the second multifunctional monomer is bisphenol A dimethacrylate.

[0148] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises more than two (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) multifunctional monomers. When additional multifunctional monomers are present, the additional multifunctional monomers may each be any multifunctional monomer described herein for the first multifunctional monomer and may each be present in any amount described herein for the first multifunctional monomer.

[0149] E. Oligomer Comprising A Polymerizable Moiety

[0150] In some embodiments, the binder composition further comprises an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety'. For example, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety may be present in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a3862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0151] In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 7.5 wt.% to about 12.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 7 wt.% to about 12 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 8 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0152] In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 50 wt .% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 67.5 wt.% to about 77.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. And, in some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 72 wt.% to about 74 wt.% (e.g., about 72 wt.%, about 72.5 wt.%, about 73 wt.%, about 73.5 wt.%, or about 74 wt.%) based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0153] The oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety may be any suitable oligomer having at least one polymerizable moiety. By way of non-limiting example, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety may be a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acrylate oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a polyether acrylate oligomer, a poly ether methacrylate oligomer, a siloxane acrylate oligomer,3962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 a siloxane methacry late oligomer, an acrylate oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a urethane acrylate oligomer. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a urethane methacrylate oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester acry late oligomer. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester methacrylate oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a poly ether acrylate oligomer. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyether methacry late oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is a siloxane acrylate oligomer. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a siloxane methacrylate oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acry late oligomer. For example, the acrylate oligomer may be an acrylate ester oligomer. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is a methacry late oligomer. And, in some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a vinyl ether oligomer.

[0154] In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is other than an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety' (i.e., the binder composition comprises less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 2 wt.%, less than about 1.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%. less than about 0.5 wt.%, less than about 0.1 wt.%, or less than about 0.01 wt.% of an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety' based on the total weight of the binder composition). In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety'.

[0155] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety (i.e., the binder composition comprises less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 2 wt.%, less than about 1.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%, less than about 0.5 wt.%, less than about 0. 1 wt.%, or less than about 0.01 wt.% of a combined weight of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety based on the total weight of the binder composition). In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety'.

[0156] In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety’ is further defined as a first oligomer compnsing a polymerizable moiety, and the binder composition4062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 further comprises a second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety. The first oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different.

[0157] When the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety may be any oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety described herein for the first oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and may be present in any amount described herein for the first oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety. Tn some embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. In other embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0158] In some embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety’ is a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acrylate oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a poly ether acrylate oligomer, a polyether methacrylate oligomer, a siloxane acr late oligomer, a siloxane methacrylate oligomer, an acrylate oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer. In some embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a urethane acrylate oligomer. In other embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a urethane methacrylate oligomer. In some embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester acrylate oligomer. In other embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester methacrylate oligomer. In some embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyether acrylate oligomer. In other embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyether methacrylate oligomer. In some embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a siloxane acrylate oligomer. In other embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a siloxane methacrylate oligomer. In some embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acrylate oligomer. For example, the acrylate oligomer may be an acrylate ester oligomer. In other embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a methacrylate oligomer. And, in some embodiments, the second oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a vinyl ether oligomer.

[0159] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises more than two (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) oligomers comprising a polymerizable moiety. When additional4162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 oligomers comprising a polymerizable moiety are present, the additional oligomers comprising a polymerizable moiety may each be any oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety described herein for the first oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and may each be present in any amount described herein for the first oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety.

[0160] F. Additive(s)

[0161] In some embodiments, the binder composition further comprises an additive. For example, the additive may be present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition. Exemplary additives include, by way of non-limiting example, defoamers / deaerators (e.g., defoamers / deaerators commercially available from BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany)), plasticizers (e.g., phthalates, trimellitates, adipates, sebacates, organophosphates, etc.), foaming agents (e.g., sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, azodi carbonamide, titanium hydride, etc.), adhesion promoters (e.g., LOCTITE® adhesion promoters commercially available from Henkel AG & Co. KGaA (Dusseldorf, Germany)), release agents (e.g., aliphatic hydrocarbons, oils (e.g., animal oils, plant oils, etc.), fatty acids, fatty alcohols, etc.), wetting agents (e.g., polyoxyalkylenes, phosphatides, polyethylene oxides, etc ), rheology additives (e.g., rheology additives commercially available from BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany)), slip additives (e.g., stearamide, behenamide, oleamide, erucamide, etc.), flow additives (e.g., flow additives commercially available from BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany) (e.g., BYK-3741)). leveling agents (e.g., levelling agents commercially available from BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany) (e.g., BYK-3550)), water repellant additives (e.g., water repellant additives commercially available from Dow Chemical Company (Midland (Michigan), U.S.A)), solvents, and waxes (e.g., paraffin wax, carnauba wax, beeswax, etc.). In some embodiments, the additive is a defoamer, a deaerator, a foaming agent, a plasticizer, an adhesion promoter, a release agent, a wetting agent, a rheology additive, a slip additive, a flow additive, a leveling agent, a water repellant additive, a wax, or a solvent.

[0162] In some embodiments, the additive is further defined as a first additive, and the binder composition further comprises a second additive. The first additive and the second additive are different.

[0163] When the second additive is present, the second additive may be any additive described herein for the first additive and may be present in any amount described herein for the first additive. In some embodiments, the second additive is present in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt. % to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.4262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0164] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises more than two (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. 10. or more) additives. When additional additives are present, the additional additives may each be any additive described herein for the first additive and may each be present in any amount described herein for the first additive.

[0165] G. Method of Forming a Binder Composition

[0166] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a binder composition, comprising:(a) providing a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, an initiator, and a dispersant; and(b) mixing the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, the initiator, and the dispersant to form the binder composition.

[0167] In some implementations, step (b) further comprises:(b-1) mixing the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the initiator to form a mixture; and(b-2) mixing the initiator and the mixture to form the binder composition.

[0168] It will be appreciated that any number of components described herein for the binder composition (e g., a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, a multifunctional monomer (e.g., first and second multifunctional monomers), an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' (e.g., first and second oligomers comprising a polymerizable moiety), a second initiator, a second dispersant, an additive (e.g., first and second additives), etc.) may be provided and mixed in steps (a) and (b) (e.g., steps (b-1) and (b-2)) of the method.

[0169] H. Alternative Embodiments

[0170] In one aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer compnsing a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) an initiator in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iii) a dispersant in an amount of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety' and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety'.

[0171] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.4362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0172] In some embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0173] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acry late, 4-tcrt-butylcyclohexyl acry late, benzyd aery late, laury l aery late, isodecy l acry late, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl aery late, tridecy l aery late, tetradecyl acry late, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl aery late.

[0174] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy-2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0175] In one aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer compnsing a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0176] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0177] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyd acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acr late. 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acry late, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butyl cyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate. And, in some embodiments, the monomer is lauryl acrylate.4462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0178] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate. 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1.9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate. 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6- hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate. And, in some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate.

[0179] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type 1 photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy-2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone. And, in some embodiments, the initiator is 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone.

[0180] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0181] In another aspect, the present invention provides a composition for forming a green body. The composition comprises:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 35 wt.% to about 55 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 45 wt .% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different;(iii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;4562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iv) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0182] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 40 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 30 wt.% to about 40 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0183] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 42.5 wt.% to about 47.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 32.5 wt.% to about 38.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7.5 wt.% to about 12.5 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0184] In some embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently isobornyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3.3.5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, s teary I acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acry late. In other embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a4662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 polymerizable moiety are each independently lauryl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0185] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol di aery I ate. tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate. 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate, 1.6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,6- hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1.5-pentanediol diacrylate.

[0186] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy -2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy -2 -phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0187] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0188] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt .% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different;(iii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 35 wt.% to about 55 wt.%;4762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iv) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0189] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 22.5 wt.% to about 32.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 40 wt.% to about 50 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0190] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 42.5 wt.% to about 47.5 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0191] In some embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently isobornyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3.3.5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, s teary I acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acry late. In other embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a4862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 polymerizable moiety are each independently lauryl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0192] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol di aery I ate. tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate. 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate, 1.6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,6- hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1.5-pentanediol diacrylate.

[0193] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy -2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy -2 -phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0194] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0195] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(v) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 50 wt.% to about 70 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(vi) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 20 wt.% to about 40 wt.%(vii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition; and(viii) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.4962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0196] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(v) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 55 wt.% to about 65 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(vi) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 35 wt.%;(vii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(viii) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0197] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(v) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(vi) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 28 wt.% to about 33 wt.%;(vii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(viii) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0198] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3.3.5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert- butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0199] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di aery I ate. 1,9-nonanediol diacr late. 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1.3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol di methacr l ate. 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol di meth aery I ate. or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate.5062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0200] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy-2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0201] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0202] In yet a further aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 90 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0203] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 75 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0204] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about77.5 wt.% to about 82.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7.5 wt.% to about12.5 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and5162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0205] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acry late, 4-tcrt-butylcyclohexyl acry late, benzyd aery late, laury l aery late, isodecy l acry late, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl aery late, tridecy l aery late, tetradecyl acry late, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert- butyl cyclohexyl aery late, isobomyl aery late, or isooctyd acrylate.

[0206] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate. 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1.9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrydate, ethylene glycol dimethacr date, 1,3-butydene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacry date, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrydate, 1,5 -pentanediol diacrydate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrydate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrydate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diaciylate, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6- hexanediol diacrydate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrydate, or 1,5-pentanediol diacrydate.

[0207] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy-2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexy 1 phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0208] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0209] In one aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:5262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iii) an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iv) a first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(v) a second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the first initiator and the second initiator are different; and(vi) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition.

[0210] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iv) the first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(v) the second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(vi) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0211] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 67.5 wt.% to about 72.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7 wt.% to about 12 wt.%;(iii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 7 wt.% to about 12 wt.%;5362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iv) the first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(v) the second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(vi) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0212] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acry late, benzyd acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecy l aery late, stearyl acrylate, octy l acry late, decyl aery late, tridecy l aery late, tetradecy l acry late, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert- butylcyclohexyl aery late, isobomy l acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0213] In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5- pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5- pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-buty lene glycol dimethacry late, 1 ,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1, 10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12- dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In some embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In other embodiments, the multifunctional monomer is 1,6- hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate.

[0214] In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acrylate oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a poly ether acrylate oligomer, a polyether methacry late oligomer, a siloxane acry late oligomer, a siloxane methacry late oligomer, an acrylate oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acrylate ester oligomer. In other5462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester acrylate oligomer.

[0215] In some embodiments, the first initiator and the second initiator are each independently a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In other embodiments, the first initiator and the second initiator are each independently 2 -hydroxy -2- methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methylbenzophenone.

[0216] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0217] In another aspect, the present invention further provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 85 wt.%;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0218] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about67.5 wt.% to about 77.5 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0219] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;5562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(ii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%:(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0220] In some embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acry late, benzyd acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecy l aery late, stearyl acrylate, octy l acry late, decyl aery late, tridecy l aery late, tetradecy l acry late, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert- butylcyclohexyl aery late, isobomy l acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

[0221] In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acrylate oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a poly ether acrylate oligomer, a polyether methacrylate oligomer, a siloxane acry late oligomer, a siloxane methacrylate oligomer, an acrylate oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer. In some embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is an acrylate ester oligomer. In other embodiments, the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a polyester acrylate oligomer.

[0222] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy -2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0223] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially' free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety' and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0224] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a binder composition for forming a green body. The binder composition comprises:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;5662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0225] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0226] In some embodiments, the binder composition comprises:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

[0227] In some embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently isobomyl acrylate, isooctyd acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acr late. 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acry late, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate. In other embodiments, the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' are each independently lauryl acry late, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.5762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0228] In some embodiments, the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. In some embodiments, the initiator is 2 -hydroxy-2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

[0229] In some embodiments, the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety. In other embodiments, the binder composition is free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

[0230] III. CURABLE SLURRY

[0231] In one aspect, the present invention provides a curable slurry for forming a green body. The curable slurry comprises a binder composition and a powder material.

[0232] The binder composition may be any binder composition described herein. In some embodiments, the binder composition is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 99 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry. In other embodiments, the binder composition is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry. And, in some embodiments, the binder composition is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry.

[0233] In some embodiments, the binder composition is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry. In other embodiments, the binder composition is present in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry. And, in some embodiments, the binder composition is present in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry.

[0234] In some embodiments, the powder material comprises a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) material powder. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a lithium garnet powder. For example, the SSE material may be a lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) powder, a doped LLZO powder, a lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) pow der, a doped LLTO powder, a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) powder, a doped NASICON powder, a lithium titanate (LTO) powder, a doped LTO powder, a lithium zirconate (LZO) pow der, a doped LZO powder, a lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) pow der, a doped LATP powder, a lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) powder, a doped LAGP pow der, a lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) powder, a doped LiPON powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.5862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0235] In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a LLZO powder. In other embodiments, the SSE material powder is a doped LLZO powder. In some embodiments, the material powder is a LLTO powder. In other embodiments, the material powder is a doped LLTO powder. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is NASICON powder. In other embodiments, the SSE material powder is doped NASICON powder. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a LTO powder. In other embodiments, the SSE material powder is a doped LTO powder. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a LZO powder. In other embodiments, the SSE material powder is a doped LZO powder. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a LATP powder. In other embodiments, the SSE material powder is a doped LATP powder. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a LAGP powder. In other embodiments, the SSE material powder is a doped LAGP pow der. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder is a LiPON powder. In other embodiments, the SSE material powder is a doped LiPON powder. In some embodiments, the SSE material powder comprises precursors of a LLZO pow der, a doped LLZO powder, a LLTO powder, a doped LLTO powder, a NASICON powder, a doped NASICON powder, a LTO powder, a doped LTO powder, a LZO powder, a doped LZO powder, a LATP powder, a doped LATP powder, a LAGP powder, a doped LAGP powder, a LiPON pow der, or a doped LiPON powder. And, in some embodiments, the SSE material powder comprises at least two of a LLZO pow der, a doped LLZO powder, a LLTO powder, a doped LLTO powder, a NASICON powder, a doped NASICON powder, a LTO powder, a doped LTO powder, a LZO powder, a doped LZO powder, a LATP powder, a doped LATP powder, a LAGP powder, a doped LAGP pow der, a LiPON powder, a doped LiPON powder, and precursors thereof.

[0236] In some embodiments, the SSE material powder comprises a composition as described in PCT Publication Nos. WO 2024 / 030727 and 2024 / 035997. Each of these documents is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0237] In some embodiments, the SSE material pow der comprises a composition of Formula (V):Li -x Ba La?.y Cb Zr2-z De O12 (V), wherein:B is Al or Ga;C is Ca, Sr. Ba. or Mg;D is Ta, Nb, W, Mo, or Ti;5962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550-0.5 < x < l;0 < a < 0.24;0 < y < 0.5;0 < b < 0.5;0 < z < 1 ; and0 < c < 1 ; where x, a. y, b, z, and c are independent of each other.

[0238] In some embodiments, x is 0. 15 to 0.7.

[0239] In some embodiments, B is Al, and a is 0.05 to 0. 15. For example, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Al, and a is 0.05 to 0. 15.

[0240] In some embodiments, B is Ga, and a is 0.05 to 0.8. For example, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, and a is 0.05 to 0.8.

[0241] In some embodiments, y is 0.05 to 0.30. For example, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, and y is 0.05 to 0.30. In other examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, and y is 0.05 to 0.30.

[0242] In some embodiments, C is Ca, and b is 0.05 to 0.25. For example, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, and b is 0.05 to 0.25. In other examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, and b is 0.05 to 0.25.

[0243] In some embodiments, C is Ba, and b is 0.05 to 0.10. For example, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, and b is 0.05 to 0.10. In other examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8. y is 0.05 to 0.30. C is Ba, and b is 0.05 to 0.10.

[0244] In some embodiments, C is Sr, and b is 0.25 to 0.30. For example, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, and b is 0.25 to 0.30. In other examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, and b is 0.25 to 0.30.

[0245] In some embodiments, C is Mg, and b is 0.22 to 0.28. For example, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, and b is 0.22 to 0.28. In other examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, and b is 0.22 to 0.28.

[0246] In some embodiments, z is 0.50 to 1. For example, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30. C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, and z is 0.50 to 1. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7. B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, and z is 0.50 to 1. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, b is 0.05 to 0.10, and z is 0.50 to 1. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, b is 0.05 to 0.10, and z is 0.50 to 1. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0. 15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to 0.30, and z is 0.50 to 1. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to6062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 5735500.30, and z is 0.50 to 1. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al. a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, and z is 0.50 to 1. And. in some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, and z is 0.50 to 1.

[0247] In some embodiments, D is Ta, and c is 0.4 to 0.6. For example, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ta, and c is 0.4 to 0.6. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ta. and c is 0.4 to 0.6. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0. 15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, b is 0.05 to 0.10, z is 0.50 to 1 , D is Ta, and c is 0.4 to 0.6. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, b is 0.05 to 0. 10, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ta, and c is 0.4 to 0.6. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al. a is 0.05 to 0.15. y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr. b is 0.25 to 0.30, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ta, and c is 0.4 to 0.6. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to 0.30, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ta, and c is 0.4 to 0.6. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ta, and c is 0.4 to 0.6. And, in some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8. y is 0.05 to 0.30. C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, z is 0.50 to 1. D is Ta, and c is 0.4 to 0.6.

[0248] In some embodiments, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. For example, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8. y is 0.05 to 0.30. C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, b is 0.05 to 0.10, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, b is 0.05 to 0. 10, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to 0.30, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to 0.30, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7. B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. And, in some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Nb, and c is 0.2 to 0.4.

[0249] In some embodiments, D is Ti, and c is 0.8 to 1.0. For example, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0. 15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25. z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ti, and c is 0.8 to 1.0. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C6162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ti, and c is 0.8 to 1.0. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba. b is 0.05 to 0.10. z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ti, and c is 0.8 to 1.0. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, b is 0.05 to 0.10, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ti, and c is 0.8 to 1.0. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to 0.30, z is 0.50 to 1. D is Ti, and c is 0.8 to 1.0. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to 0.30, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ti. and c is 0.8 to 1 .0. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0. 15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ti, and c is 0.8 to 1.0. And, in some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, z is 0.50 to 1, D is Ti, and c is 0.8 to 1.0.

[0250] In some embodiments, D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. For example, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, z is 0.50 to 1, D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ca, b is 0.05 to 0.25, z is 0.50 to 1, D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is AL a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba. b is 0.05 to 0.10. z is 0.50 to 1, D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Ba, b is 0.05 to 0.10, z is 0.50 to 1, D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to 0.30, z is 0.50 to 1. D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Sr, b is 0.25 to 0.30, z is 0.50 to 1, D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. In some examples, x is 0.15 to 0.7, B is Al, a is 0.05 to 0.15, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, z is 0.50 to 1, D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4. And, in some examples, x is 0. 15 to 0.7, B is Ga, a is 0.05 to 0.8, y is 0.05 to 0.30, C is Mg, b is 0.22 to 0.28, z is 0.50 to 1, D is W, and c is 0.2 to 0.4.

[0251] Exemplary compositions of Formula (I) are set forth in Table 1.

[0252] Table 1: Examples of compositions of Formula (I).6262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0253] In some embodiments, the powder material comprises a cathode active material powder. For example, the cathode active material powder may be a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) powder, a doped NMC powder, a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) powder, a doped NCA powder, a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) powder, a doped LFP powder, a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) powder, a doped LMFP powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the cathode active material powder is a NMC powder. In other embodiments, the cathode active material powder is a doped NMC powder. In some embodiments, the cathode active material powder is a NCA powder. In other embodiments, the cathode active material powder is a doped NCA powder. In some embodiments, the cathode active material powder is a LFP powder. In other embodiments, the cathode active material powder is a doped LFP powder. In some embodiments, the cathode active material powder is a LMFP powder. In other embodiments, the cathode active material powder is a doped LMFP powder. In some embodiments, the cathode active material pow der comprises precursors of a NMC pow der, a doped NMC powder, a NCA powder, a doped NCA powder, a LFP powder, a doped LFP powder, a LMFP powder, or a doped LMFP powder. And, in some embodiments, the cathode active material powder comprises at least two of a NMC powder, a doped NMC powder, a NCA powder, a doped NCA powder, a LFP powder, a doped LFP powder, a LMFP powder, a doped LMFP powder, and precursors thereof.

[0254] In some embodiments, the pow der material comprises the SSE material powder and the cathode active material powder. In some embodiments, the powder material is substantially free of the SSE material powder (i.e., the powder material comprises less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 2 wt.%, less than about 1.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%, less than about 0.5 wt.%, less than about 0.1 wt.%, or less than about 0.01 wt.% of the SSE material powder based on the total weight of the powder material). In other embodiments, the powder material is free of the SSE material pow der. In some embodiments, the powder material is substantially free of the cathode active material powder (i.e., the powder material comprises less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 2 wt.%, less than about 1.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%. less than about 0.5 wt.%, less than about 0.1 wt.%, or less than about 0.01 wt.% of the cathode active material powder based on the total weight of the powder material). And, in some embodiments, the powder material is free of the cathode active material powder.

[0255] In some embodiments, the pow der material comprises a non-reactive material powder. For example, the non-reactive material powder may be an aluminum oxide powder, a doped6362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 aluminum oxide powder, a zirconium oxide powder, a doped zirconium oxide powder, a titanium dioxide powder, a doped titanium dioxide powder, a barium titanate powder, a doped barium titanate powder, a tungsten carbide powder, a doped tungsten carbide powder, a magnesium oxide powder, a doped magnesium oxide powder, a silicon oxide powder, a doped silicon oxide powder, a titanium nitride powder, a doped titanium nitride powder, a silicon nitride powder, a doped silicon nitride powder, a silicon carbide powder, a doped silicon carbide powder, a lanthanum oxide powder, a doped lanthanum oxide powder, an iron oxide powder, a doped iron oxide powder, a cerium oxide powder, a doped cerium oxide powder, an aluminum nitride powder, a doped aluminum nitride powder, a boron nitride powder, a doped boron nitride pow der, a yttria oxide powder, a doped yttria oxide powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is an aluminum oxide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material pow der is a doped aluminum oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a zirconium oxide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped zirconium oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a titanium dioxide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped titanium dioxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a barium titanate pow der. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped barium titanate powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a tungsten carbide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped tungsten carbide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material pow der is a magnesium oxide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped magnesium oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non- reactive material powder is a silicon oxide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped silicon oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a titanium nitride powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped titanium nitride powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a silicon nitride powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped silicon nitride powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a silicon carbide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped silicon carbide pow der. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a lanthanum oxide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped lanthanum oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is an iron oxide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped6462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 iron oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a cerium oxide powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped cerium oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is an aluminum nitride powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped aluminum nitride powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a boron nitride powder. In some other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped boron nitride powder. In other embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a yttria oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder is a doped yttria oxide powder. In some embodiments, the non-reactive material pow der comprises precursors an aluminum oxide powder, a doped aluminum oxide powder, a zirconium oxide powder, a doped zirconium oxide powder, a titanium dioxide powder, a doped titanium dioxide powder, a barium titanate powder, a doped barium titanate powder, a tungsten carbide powder, a doped tungsten carbide powder, a magnesium oxide pow der, a doped magnesium oxide powder, a silicon oxide pow der, a doped silicon oxide powder, a titanium nitride powder, a doped titanium nitride powder, a silicon nitride pow der, a doped silicon nitride pow der, a silicon carbide powder, a doped silicon carbide pow der, a lanthanum oxide powder, a doped lanthanum oxide powder, an iron oxide powder, a doped iron oxide powder, a cerium oxide pow der, a doped cerium oxide pow der, an aluminum nitride powder, a doped aluminum nitride powder, a boron nitride powder, a doped boron nitride powder, a yttria oxide powder, or a doped yttria oxide powder. And, in some embodiments, the non-reactive material powder comprises at least two of an aluminum oxide powder, a doped aluminum oxide powder, a zirconium oxide powder, a doped zirconium oxide powder, a titanium dioxide powder, a doped titanium dioxide pow der, a barium titanate powder, a doped barium titanate powder, a tungsten carbide powder, a doped tungsten carbide powder, a magnesium oxide powder, a doped magnesium oxide powder, a silicon oxide powder, a doped silicon oxide powder, a titanium nitride powder, a doped titanium nitride powder, a silicon nitride pow der, a doped silicon nitride powder, a silicon carbide powder, a doped silicon carbide powder, a lanthanum oxide powder, a doped lanthanum oxide powder, an iron oxide pow der, a doped iron oxide powder, a cerium oxide powder, a doped cerium oxide powder, an aluminum nitride powder, a doped aluminum nitride powder, a boron nitride powder, a doped boron nitride powder, a yttria oxide powder, a doped yttria oxide powder, and precursors thereof.

[0256] In some embodiments, when the powder material comprises the non-reactive material powder, the powder material is substantially free of the SSE material powder and the cathode6562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 active material powder (i.e., the powder material comprises less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 2 wt.%, less than about 1.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%, less than about 0.5 wt.%, less than about 0. 1 wt.%, or less than about 0.01 wt.% of a combined weight of the SSE material powder and the cathode active material powder based on the total weight of the powder material). In other embodiments, when the powder material comprises the non- reactive material powder, the powder material is free of the SSE material powder and the cathode active material powder.

[0257] In some embodiments, the powder material is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 99 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry'. In other embodiments, the powder material is present in an amount of from about 50 wt.% to about 99 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry. And. in some embodiments, the powder material is present in an amount of from about 75 wt.% to about 99 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry.

[0258] In some embodiments, the powder material is present in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 99 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry. In other embodiments, the powder material is present in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry. In other embodiments, the powder material is present in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 90 wt.% based on the total w eight of the curable slurry'. And, in some embodiments, the powder material is present in an amount of from about 75 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the curable slurry.

[0259] In some embodiments, the curable slurry' further comprises a pore forming agent. When present, the pore forming agent is removable from a green body formed from the curable slurry' via debinding and / or sintering. In this manner, the pore forming agent facilitates the formation of pores in a sintered body. The pore forming agent may be any material suitable for forming pores during debinding and / or sintering. In some embodiments, the pore forming agent is an organic pore forming agent. In some embodiments, the pore forming agent is an inorganic pore forming agent.

[0260] For example, the pore forming agent may comprise a polymer, carbon spheres, carbon tubes, starches, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the pore forming agent comprises a polymer. For example, the polymer may comprise polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylpentene, polybutene-1, ethylene-octene copolymers, propylene-butane copolymers, polyisobutylene, poly(a-olefm), ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-acrylate copolymers, polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, styrene block copolymers, polycaprolactone, polyimide, polyvinyl6662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 chloride, polycarbonates, poly acrylates, polymethacrylates, fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, epoxy polymers, silicone rubber, styrenes, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the pore forming agent comprises carbon spheres. In other embodiments, the pore forming agent comprises carbon tubes. And, in some embodiments, the pore forming agent comprises starches.

[0261] In some embodiments, the inorganic pore forming agent may comprise lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxide, lithium fluoride, lithium hydroxide, lithium phosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide or lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium difluorophosphate, boron oxide, silicon dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, copper oxide, selenium oxide, lithium borate, lithium tetraborate, magnesium oxide, yttrium trioxide, lithium silicate, aluminum oxide, ammonium carbonate, antimony trioxide, tellurium oxide, bismuth trioxide, and arsenic trioxide.

[0262] In some embodiments, the curable slurry is substantially free of a pore forming agent (i.e., the curable slurry comprises less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 2 wt.%, less than about 1.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%, less than about 0.5 wt.%, less than about 0.1 wt.%, or less than about 0.01 wt.% of the pore forming agent based on the total weight of the curable slurry). In some embodiments, the curable slurry is free of a pore forming agent.

[0263] In some embodiments, the curable slurry' further comprises a conductive additive. For example, the conductive additive may be a metal, a metal oxide, a metal alloy, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, or amorphous carbon. In some embodiments, the curable slurry comprises more than 1 (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) conductive additives.

[0264] In some embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 1,000 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s’1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In other embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 800 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s"1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In some embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 750 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s-1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In other embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 500 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s"1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In other embodiments, the curable slurry’ increases viscosity at a rate of less than 400 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In some6762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 300 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In some embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 250 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In other embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 200 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s’1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In some embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 150 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In other embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 100 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. In some embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 75 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed. And, in some embodiments, the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 50 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed.

[0265] In some embodiments, the curable slurry' comprises a lithium salt of a hydrolyzed component exhibiting a characteristic stretch via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at from 1585 cm1to 1545 cm'1(i.e.. an Li[C=O] stretch). A relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry t hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed (tO) can be calculated according to Formula (1):Relative Increase = Areati[c=o]t - AreaLi[c=ojto (1) whereinAreari[c=o]t is the integrated area of the Li[C=O] stretch (i.e., from 1585 cm'1to 1545 cm1) at t hours; andAreaLi[c=o]to is the integrated area of the Li[C=O] stretch (i.e., from 1585 cm'1to 1545 cm'1) at tO.The baseline for the integrated area is defined by a straight line between the absorbance at the limiting frequencies defined (e.g., Method B in Bruker's OPUS software).6862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0266] Formula (1) is specific for curable slurries formed from a powder material comprising one or more lithium components. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that similar methodology may be applied to curable slurries formed from a powder material free of a lithium component by changing the area of analysis of the resultant FTIR spectrum (i.e., wavenumber ranges analyzed should correspond to the particular hydrolyzed component formed in the curable slurry).

[0267] In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8. 1 hours) after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed is less than about 0. 100 as calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed is less than about 0.090 as calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed is less than about 0.080 as calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g.. from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed is less than about 0.075 as calculated according to Formula (1). And, in some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8. 1 hours) after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed is less than about 0.050 as calculated according to Formula (1).

[0268] Without wishing to be bound by theory', it is believed that the binder compositions described herein, when mixed with a powder material to form a curable slurry, extends pot life of the resultant curable slurries as compared to conventional binder compositions. Thus, the binder compositions described herein facilitate efficient manufacturing of green bodies in a cost-effective manner, since processability of the curable slurries is retained for a longer time period without need for an air and / or moisture free environment (e.g., a glovebox) or6962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 specialized processes to mix, process, coat, and cure slurries in an unreasonably short time frame.

[0269] In another aspect, the present invention provides a curable slurry. The curable slurry comprises a binder composition and a powder material. The binder composition is any binder composition as described herein. The powder material comprises a SSE powder material. In some embodiments, the SSE powder material is a LLZO powder, a doped LLZO powder, or any combination thereof.

[0270] Example Embodiments of Curable Slurries

[0271] In some embodiments, the curable slurry' comprises (or consists essentially of)(Ill-a) from about 78 wt.% to about 87 wt.% of an LLZO power based on the weight of the slurry, wherein the LLZO power comprises (or consists essentially of) a material having(i) from about 6.3 to about 7 mol% of Li,(ii) from about 2.5 to about 3 mol% of La;(v) from about 1 to about 2 mol% of Zr, and(vii) about 12 mol% of O; and(Ill-b) from about 13 wt.% to about 22 wt.% of a binder composition based on the weight of the slurry7, wherein the binder composition comprises(iix) from about 88 wt.% to about 92 wt.% of monomer material based on the weight of the binder composition, wherein the monomer material comprises at least one acrylate selected from lauryl acrylate; 4-tertbutylcyclohexyl acrylate; 1,6- hexanediol diacrylate; isobomylacrylate; di(propylene glycol) diacrylate; isooctylacrylate; 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate; 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate; and an acrylate ester oligomer;(ix) from about 4 wt.% to about 6 wt.% of an initiator material based on the weight of the binder composition, wherein the initiator material comprises at least one initiator selected from 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone; 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone; 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone; and 4-methylbenzophenone; and(x) from about 4 wt.% to about 8 wt.% of a dispersant based on the weight of the binder composition.

[0272] In some embodiments, the curable slurry7is formed by combining the LLZO powder and binder composition. In some embodiments, a relative increase of a lithium salt of a hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0. 100 as7062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8. 1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0.090 as calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0.080 as calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8. 1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0.075 as calculated according to Formula (1). And, in some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hy drolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8. 1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0.050 as calculated according to Formula (1).

[0273] In some embodiments, the curable slurry' comprises from about 15 wt.% to about 75 wt.% of laury l acrylate based on the weight of the binder composition. For example, the curable slurry comprises from about 18 wt.% to about 70 wt.% of lauryl acrylate by weight of the binder composition. In other examples, the curable slurry comprises from about 15 wtwt.% to about 20 wt.%, from about 42.5 to about 47.5 wt.%, from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%, or from about 68 to about 72 wt.% of laury l acry late by weight of the binder composition.

[0274] In some embodiments, the curable slurry comprises from about 15 wt.% to about 75 wt.% of lauryl acry late based on the weight of the binder composition and at least one additional acry late selected from 4-tertbutylcyclohexyl acry late; 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate; and 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate.

[0275] In some embodiments, the curable slurry comprises an initiator material, and the initiator material comprises from about 2 wt.% to about 6 wt .% of 1- hydroxy cyclohexylphenyl ketone based on the weight of the binder composition.

[0276] In some embodiments, the curable slurry comprises (or consists essentially of)7162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(III-a) from about 78 wt.% to about 87 wt.% of a doped LLZO power based on the weight of the slurry, wherein the doped LLZO power comprises (or consists essentially of) a material having(i) from about 6.3 to about 6.9 mol% of Li,(ii) from about 0.05 to about 0.2 mol% of component B, wherein component B is selected from Al or Ga,(iii) from about 2.7 to about 2.95 mol% of La;(iv) from about 0.05 to about 0.30 mol% of component C, wherein component C is selected from Ca, Ba, Sr, or Mg,(v) from about 1 to about 1.70 mol% of Zr,(vi) from about 0.35 to about 1 mol% of component D, wherein component D is selected from Ta, Nb, Ti, or W, and(vii) about 12 mol% of O; and(Ill-b) from about 13 wt.% to about 22 wt.% of a binder composition based on the weight of the slurry, wherein the binder composition comprises (or consists essentially of)(iix) from about 88 wt.% to about 92 wt.% of monomer material based on the weight of the binder composition, wherein the monomer material comprises at least one acrylate selected from laury l acrylate; 4-tertbutylcyclohexyl acry late; 1,6- hexanediol diacrylate; isobomylacrylate; di(propylene glycol) diacrylate; isooctylacrylate; 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate; 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate; and an acrylate ester oligomer;(ix) from about 4 wt.% to about 6 wt.% of an initiator material based on the weight of the binder composition, wherein the initiator material comprises at least one initiator selected from 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone; 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone; 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone; and 4-methylbenzophenone; and(x) from about 4 wt.% to about 8 wt.% of a dispersant based on the weight of the binder composition.

[0277] In some embodiments, the curable slurry is formed by combining the LLZO powder and binder composition. In some embodiments, a relative increase of a lithium salt of a hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0. 100 as calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry' about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to7262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0.090 as calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0.080 as calculated according to Formula (1). In some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8.1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0.075 as calculated according to Formula (1). And. in some embodiments, a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours (e.g., from about 7.5 to about 8.5 hours, from about 7.75 to about 8.25 hours, or from about 7.9 to about 8. 1 hours) after combining the binder composition and the doped LLZO powder is less than about 0.050 as calculated according to Formula (1).

[0278] In some embodiments, the curable slurry comprises from about 15 wt.% to about 75 wt.% of lauryl acr late based on the weight of the binder composition. For example, the curable si urn- comprises from about 18 wt.% to about 70 wt.% of lauryl acrylate by weight of the binder composition. In other examples, the curable slurry comprises from about 15 wtwt.% to about 20 wt.%, from about 42.5 to about 47.5 wt.%, from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.%, or from about 68 to about 72 wt.% of lauryl acrylate by weight of the binder composition.

[0279] In some embodiments, the curable slurry comprises from about 15 wt.% to about 75 wt.% of lauryl acrylate based on the weight of the binder composition and at least one additional acrylate selected from 4-tertbutyl cyclohexyl acrylate; 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate; and 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate.

[0280] In some embodiments, the curable slurry' comprises an initiator material, and the initiator material comprises from about 2 wt.% to about 6 wt.% of 1- hydroxy cyclohexylphenyl ketone based on the weight of the binder composition.

[0281] IV. METHOD OF FORMING A CURABLE SLURRY

[0282] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a curable slurry for forming a green body. The method comprises:(a) providing a binder composition and a powder material; and7362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(b) mixing the binder composition and the powder material to form the curable slurry’.

[0283] The binder composition may be any binder composition described herein. The powder material may be any powder material described herein.

[0284] In some implementations, the mixing step (b) further comprises:(b-1) mixing the binder composition and the powder material to form an agglomerated powder;(b-2) milling the agglomerated powder to form the curable slurry.

[0285] In some implementations, the milling step (b-2) is performed with a single-roll mill, a three-roll mill, a five-roll mill, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the milling step (b-2) is performed with a three-roll mill.

[0286] V. METHOD OF FORMING A GREEN BODY

[0287] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a green body. The method comprises:(a) forming a curable green body from a curable slurry; and(b) curing the curable green body for form the green body.

[0288] The curable slurry may be any curable slurry described herein.

[0289] In some implementations, the forming step (a) further comprises casting (e.g., tapecasting) the curable slurry onto a substrate. Exemplary substrates include, by way of non-limiting example, mylar, silicone coated mylar, a metal foil (Ni, Al, Cu, Ti, etc.), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), kapton, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the casting is performed with a doctor blade. When the forming step (a) comprises casting (e.g., tapecasting) the curable slurry onto a substrate, the method may further comprise:(c) releasing the green body from the substrate after step (b).

[0290] In some implementations, the curing step (b) comprises curing the curable green body with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat (i.e., thermal curing), electron beam (e-beam) radiation, or any combination thereof. For example, the curing step (b) may comprise curing the curable green body with UV radiation. In other implementations, the curing step (b) comprises curing the curable green body with heat. In some implementations, the curing step (b) comprises curing the curable green body with e-beam radiation. And, in other implementations, the curing step (b) comprises the addition of a chemical cross-linker or hardener.7462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0291] In some implementations, the curing step (b) further comprises curing the curable green body with UV radiation from a UV lamp to form the green body. In some implementations, the UV lamp emits UV light at a wavelength of from about 10 nm to about 500 nm. In some implementations, the UV lamp emits light at a wavelength of from about 250 nm to about 445 nm. In some implementations, the UV lamp emits light at a wavelength of from about 300 nm to about 445 nm. In some implementations, the UV lamp emits UV light at a wavelength of from about 315 nm to about 400 nm, from about 280 nm to about 314 nm, or from about 100 to about 279 nm. In other implementations, the UV lamp emits UV light at a wavelength of from about 300 nm to about 400 nm, from about 200 nm to about 299 nm, from about 122 to about 200 nm, or from about 10 nm to about 121 nm.

[0292] In some implementations, curing step (b) takes from about 0. 1 seconds to about 1 hour. In other implementations, curing step (b) takes from about 0. 1 seconds to about 30 minutes. In some implementations, curing step (b) takes from about 0.1 seconds to about 15 minutes. And, in some implementations, curing step (c2) takes from about 0.1 seconds to about 1 minute.

[0293] VI. EXAMPLES

[0294] In order that the invention described herein may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. The examples described in this application are offered to illustrate the methods and green bodies provided herein and are not to be construed in anyway as limiting their scope.

[0295] Example 1: Binder Compositions and Curable Slurries Having an Extended Pot Life

[0296] Materials. Unless otherwise indicated, all monomers comprising a polymerizable moiety, multifunctional monomers, oligomers comprising a polymerizable moiety, initiators, and dispersants referred to in Example 1 are commercially available from various suppliers, such as Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI) (Montgomeryville (Pennsylvania), U.S.A.), Sigma- Aldrich (St. Louis (Missouri), U.S.A.), Arkema S.A. (Colombes, France), BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany), and Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe (Ohio), U.S.A.).

[0297] Preparation of Binder Compositions. Dispersants, monomers comprising a polymerizable moiety, multifunctional monomers, and / or oligomers comprising a polymerizable moiety were combined and the resultant mixture was homogenized with a mixer (Hauschild SpeedMixer® SMART DAC 600, commercially available from Hauschild GmbH & Co. KG (Mann, Germany)) at 1.500 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 3 minutes. To the resultant homogenized mixture was added an initiator, followed by mixing in a mixer7562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 at 1,500 rpm for 3 minutes to form the binder compositions. This procedure was used to form the binder compositions set forth in Table 2 and Table 3.

[0298] Table 2: Binder compositions according to Example 1.“ Commercially available from BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany).ba hydrophobic acrylate ester oligomer commercially available from Arkema S.A.(Colombes, France).ccommercially available from Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe (Ohio), U.S.A.).

[0299] Table 3: Binder compositions according to Example 1.7662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550aCommercially available from BYK GmbH (Wesel, Germany).ba hydrophobic acrylate ester oligomer commercially available from Arkema S.A. (Colombes, France).ccommercially available from Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe (Ohio), U.S.A.).

[0300] Preparation of Curable Slurry. The binder compositions set forth in Tables 2 and 3 were mixed with a powder material and mixed by hand to wet the powder material and form an agglomerated mixture. Once no dry areas of the powder material were observed, the agglomerated mixture was dispersed with a three-roll mill (EXAKT® 50i or EXAKT® 80 Plus, commercially available from EXAKT Advanced Technologies (Norderstedt, Germany)). As an example, an agglomerated mixture was milled using the EXAKT® 50i for 3 passes at a gap setting of 1 for both sets of rollers, starting at a speed setting of 7 for the first pass followed by increasing to a speed setting of 9 for passes 2 and 3. Variations to this protocol were made to accommodate varying batch sizes and the nature of any underlying agglomerated mixtures. After milling, a Hegman gauge was used to confirm that any agglomerates were broken down during the milling step. This procedure was used to form the curable slurries set forth in Table 4.7762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0301] Table 4: Curable slurries according to Example 1.

[0302] Curable Slurry Rheology. Curable slurry rheology was measured with an AMETEK Brookfield RSX Cone Plate Rheometer or an AMETEK Brookfield RSO Cone Plate Rheometer (commercially available from AMETEK Brookfield (Middleboro, Massachusetts)). The cone angle was set at 1°. The curable slurry was analyzed with a shear rate sweep from 10 s'1to 2000 s'1to capture both low- and high-shear behavior. Pot life was determined based on tracking data from 100 s'1sheer rate over time. In a first rheology study, rheology data for slurries 1-CS, 2-CS, 3-CS, and A-CS at various time points was determined (Table 5). Rheology data for all slurries at 0 hours. 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 8 hours was determined in a second rheology study (Table 6).

[0303] Table 5: Rheology data from a first rheology study for curable slurries according to Example 1.7862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550

[0304] Table 6: Rheology data from a second rheology study for curable slurries according to Example 1.

[0305] For the second study, slurries exhibiting an increase in viscosity at a rate of greater than or equal to 1,000 cP / hr after 8 hours were categorized as a fail (A-CS and B-CS). Slurries exhibiting an increase in viscosity at a rate of less than 1,000 cP / hr after 8 hours were categorized as a pass (1-CS, 2-CS, 3-CS, 4-CS, 5-CS, and 6-CS).

[0306] Hydrolyzed Salt Formation. The relative increase of a lithium salt of a hydrolyzed component over the course of a binder's pot life was determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A portion of a curable slurry was placed over a diamond crystal of a Bruker Alpha II FTIR (commercially available from Burker Corporation (Billerica (Massachusetts), U.S.A.)) in an amount sufficient to cover the full area of the crystal. Once spectra were collected, baseline correction was applied (i.e., a concave rubber band correction with Bruker's OPUS software). The charactenstic range corresponding to the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component, 1585 - 1545 cm’1, was integrated immediately after mixing of the binder composition and the material powder (tO). The increase of the7962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component at a given time (t) was then calculated according to formula (1):Relative Increase = Areai.i[c=o]t - Arear,i[c=o]to(1) whereinAreati[c=o]t is the integrated area of the Li[C=O] stretch (i.e., from 1585 cm'1to 1545 cm'1) at t hours; andAreaLi[c=o]to is the integrated area of the Li[C=O] stretch (i.e., from 1585 cm'1to 1545 cm'1) at tO.The baseline for the integrated area is defined by a straight line between the absorbance at the limiting frequencies defined (Method B in Bruker's OPUS software).

[0307] The FTIR analysis for each curable slurry is set forth in Table 7. Slurries exhibiting a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component 8 hours after mixing the binder composition and the material powder of greater than or equal to 0.100 as calculated according to Formula (1) were categorized as a fail (A-CS and B-CS). Slurries exhibiting a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component 8 hours after mixing the binder composition and the material powder of less than 0. 100 as calculated according to Formula (1) were categorized as a pass (1-CS, 2-CS, 3-CS, 4-CS, 5-CS, and 6-CS). Cropped FTIR spectra for each slurry at tO and after 8 hours are shown in FIGS. 1 A-H, with baseline correction applied and integration regions for each of the spectra identified.

[0308] Table 7: FTIR analysis for curable slurries according to Example 1.

[0309] Hand Draw Down Casts. Each curable slurry was cast by a hand draw down and quality as analyzed at both an initial time (tO) and again 8 hours after mixing (Table 8). Slurries exhibiting a significant decrease in coating quality and changes in sheer response after 8 hours were categorized as a fail (A-CS and B-CS). Slurries exhibiting no significant decrease in coating quality or changes in sheer response after 8 hours were categorized as a8062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 pass (1-CS, 2-CS, 3-CS, 4-CS, 5-CS, and 6-CS). FIGS. 2A-2H show images of each hand cast sample using slurries at initial time (tO) and at 8 hours. FIG. 21 shows that, although sufficient volume of B-CS was used to yield a full cast, B-CS did not wet the substrate properly. FIG. 2J shows a second cast of B-CS after 8 hours that also exhibited a significant decrease in coating quality' and changes in sheer response.

[0310] Table 8: Draw down quality at 8 hours for curable slurries according to Example 1.EQUIVALENTS AND SCOPE

[0311] In the claims articles such as "a," "an," and "the" may mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include "or" between one or more members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The invention includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The invention includes embodiments in which more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in. or otherwise relevant to a given product or process.

[0312] Furthermore, the invention encompasses all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, and descriptive terms from one or more of the listed claims is introduced into another claim. For example, any claim that is dependent on another claim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that is dependent on the same base claim. Where elements are presented as lists, e.g., in Markush group format, each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element(s) can be removed from the group. It should it be understood that, in general, where the invention, or aspects of the invention, is / are referred to as comprising particular elements and / or features, certain embodiments of the invention or aspects of the invention consist, or8162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 consist essentially of, such elements and / or features. For purposes of simplicity, those embodiments have not been specifically set forth in haec verba herein. It is also noted that the terms "comprising" and "containing" are intended to be open and permits the inclusion of additional elements or steps. Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, unless otherw ise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or sub-range within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the invention, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0313] This application refers to certain issued patents, published patent applications, journal articles, and other publications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. If there is a conflict between any of the incorporated references and the instant specification, the specification shall control. In addition, any particular embodiment of the present invention that falls within the prior art may be explicitly excluded from any one or more of the claims. Because such embodiments are deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may be excluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Any particular embodiment of the invention can be excluded from any claim, for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.

[0314] Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation many equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein. The scope of the present embodiments described herein is not intended to be limited to the above Description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications to this description may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, as defined in the following claims.8262507367.1

Claims

PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A binder composition for forming a green body, comprising:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) an initiator in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iii) a dispersant in an amount of from about 0. 1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

2. The binder composition of claim 1, wherein the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

3. The binder composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 93 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.

4. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benz l acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate.

5. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7is laur l acrylate, 4-tert-butyl cyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate.

6. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is further defined as a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety, wherein the binder composition further comprises a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 98 wt.%, and wherein the8362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different.

7. The binder composition of claim 6, wherein the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 95 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

8. The binder composition of claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is present in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 93 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

9. The binder composition of any one of claims 6-8, wherein the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is isobomyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acry late, 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-tert- butylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, or behenyl acrylate.

10. The binder composition of any one of claims 6-9, wherein the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acry late.

11. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-10, further comprising a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

12. The binder composition of claim 11, wherein the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

13. The binder composition of claim 11 or 12, wherein the multifunctional monomer is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.8462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 57355014. The binder composition of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the multifunctional monomer is 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate. 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, dioxane glycol di aery I ate. ethylene glycol di methacr l ate. 1,3- butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate. 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, or bisphenol A dimethacrylate.

15. The binder composition of any one of claims 11-14, wherein the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5-pentanediol di acrylate.

16. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-15, further comprising an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

17. The binder composition of claim 16, wherein the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is present in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.%.

18. The binder composition of claim 16 or claim 17, wherein the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is a urethane acrylate oligomer, a urethane methacrylate oligomer, a polyester acry late oligomer, a polyester methacrylate oligomer, a poly ether acry late oligomer, a polyether methacrylate oligomer, a siloxane acrylate oligomer, a siloxane methacrylate oligomer, an acrylate oligomer, a methacrylate oligomer, or a vinyl ether oligomer.

19. The binder composition of any one of claims 16-18, wherein the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety' is an acrylate ester oligomer.

20. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.8562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 57355021. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

22. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 6 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

23. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-22, wherein the initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator.

24. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the initiator is 2-hydroxy- 2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methylbenzophenone.

25. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-24, wherein the initiator is further defined as a first initiator, wherein the binder composition further comprises a second initiator in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, and wherein the first initiator and the second initiator are different.

26. The binder composition of claim 25, w herein the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

27. The binder composition of claim 25 or claim 26, wherein the second initiator is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 6 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

28. The binder composition of any one of claims 25-27. wherein the second initiator is a Type I photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator.

29. The binder composition of any one of claims 25-28, wherein the second initiator is 2- hy droxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 - hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methylbenzophenone.8662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 57355030. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-29, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

31. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-30, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

32. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-31, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 4 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

33. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-32, further comprising an additive in an amount of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

34. The binder composition of claim 33, wherein the additive is a defoamer, a deaerator, a foaming agent, a plasticizer, an adhesion promoter, a release agent, a wetting agent, a rheology additive, a slip additive, a flow additive, a leveling agent, a water repellant additive, a wax, or a solvent.

35. The binder composition of any one of claims 1-32, wherein the binder composition is substantially free of a multifunctional monomer comprising a glycol moiety and an oligomer comprising a glycol moiety.

36. A binder composition for forming a green body, comprising:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 35 wt.% to about 55 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 45 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different;8762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(iii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iv) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

37. The binder composition of claim 36, comprising:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 40 wt.% to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 30 wt.% to about 40 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

38. The binder composition of claim 36 or claim 37, comprising:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 42.5 wt.% to about 47.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 32.5 wt.% to about 38.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7.5 wt.% to about 12.5 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

39. The binder composition of any one of claims 36-38. wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl8862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate, wherein the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylale. or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate, and wherein the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1- hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methylbenzophenone.

40. A binder composition for forming a green body, comprising:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 35 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are different:(iii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 35 wt.% to about 55 wt.%;(iv) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

41. The binder composition of claim 40. comprising:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 22.5 wt.% to about 32.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 40 wt.% to about 50 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

42. The binder composition of claim 40 or claim 41, comprising:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;8962507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 42.5 wt.% to about 47.5 wt.%;(iv) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(v) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

43. The binder composition of any one of claims 40-42, wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate, wherein the multifunctional monomer is 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di aery I ate. or 1,5 -pentanediol diacrylate, and wherein the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2, 2-dimethoxy -2 -phenylacetophenone, 1- hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methylbenzophenone.

44. A binder composition for forming a green body, comprising:(ix) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 50 wt.% to about 70 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(x) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 20 wt.% to about 40 wt.%;(xi) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(xii) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

45. The binder composition of claim 44, comprising:(ix) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 55 wt.% to about 65 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(x) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 25 wt.% to about 35 wt.%(xi) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and9062507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(xii) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

46. The binder composition of claim 44 or claim 45, comprising:(ix) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 55 wt.% to about 60 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(x) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 28 wt.% to about 33 wt.%:(xi) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(xii) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

47. A binder composition for forming a green body, comprising:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 90 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

48. The binder composition of claim 47, comprising:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 75 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition: and(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

49. The binder composition of claim 47 or claim 48, comprising:9162507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about77.5 wt.% to about 82.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7.5 wt.% to about12.5 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

50. The binder composition of any one of claims 44-49, wherein the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate, wherein the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9- nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, and wherein the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2- methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methylbenzophenone.

51. A binder composition for forming a green body, comprising:(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iii) an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.%;(iv) a first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(v) a second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition, w herein the first initiator and the second initiator are different; and(vi) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

52. The binder composition of claim 51, comprising:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;9262507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.%;(iv) the first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(v) the second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(vi) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

53. The binder composition of claim 51 or claim 52, comprising:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 67.5 wt.% to about 72.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the multifunctional monomer in an amount of from about 7 wt.% to about 12 wt.%;(iii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 7 wt.% to about 12 wt.%;(iv) the first initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(v) the second initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition; and(vi) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

54. The binder composition of any one of claims 51-53, wherein the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acry late, isobomyl acry late, or isooctyd acry late, wherein the multifunctional monomer is 1 ,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9- nonanediol diacrylate, or 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, wherein the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acrylate ester oligomer, and wherein the first initiator and the second initiator are each independently 2 -hydroxy -2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2- phenyl acetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4-methy Ibenzophenone.

55. A binder composition for forming a green body, comprising:9362507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550(i) a monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) an oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about60 wt.% to about 85 wt.%;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

56. The binder composition of claim 55, comprising:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about67.5 wt.% to about 77.5 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

57. The binder composition of claim 55 or claim 56. comprising:(i) the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.%;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

58. The binder composition of any one of claims 55-57, wherein the monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate, wherein the oligomer comprising a polymerizable moiety is an acrylate ester oligomer, and wherein the initiator is 2 -hydroxy -2 -methylpropiophenone, 2,2-9462507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 dimethoxy-2 -phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

59. A binder composition for forming a green body, comprising:(i) a first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 60 wt.% to about 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt .% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) an initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) a dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

60. The binder composition of claim 59, comprising:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 65 wt.% to about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 12.5 wt.% to about 22.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition.

61. The binder composition of claim 59 or claim 60. comprising:(i) the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety in an amount of from about 70 wt.% to about 75 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(ii) a second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety7in an amount of from about 15 wt.% to about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iii) the initiator in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total weight of the binder composition;(iv) the dispersant in an amount of from about 2.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.% based on the total w eight of the binder composition.9562507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 57355062. The binder composition of any one of claims 59-51, wherein the first monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety and the second monomer comprising a polymerizable moiety are each independently lauryl acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate, isobomyl acrylate, or isooctyl acrylate, and wherein the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, or 4- methylbenzophenone.

63. A curable slurry for forming a green body, comprising:(i) the binder composition of any one of claims 1-57; and(ii) a powder material.

64. The curable slurry of claim 63, wherein the powder material comprises a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) material powder.

65. The curable slurry of claim 64. wherein the SSE material powder is a lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) powder, a doped LLZO powder, a lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) powder, a doped LLTO powder, a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) powder, a doped NASICON powder, a lithium titanate (LTO) powder, a doped LTO powder, a lithium zirconate (LZO) powder, a doped LZO powder, a lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) powder, a doped LATP powder, a lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) powder, a doped LAGP powder, a lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) powder, a doped LiPON powder, or any combination thereof.

66. The curable slurry of any one of claims 63-65. wherein the powder material comprises a cathode active material powder.

67. The curable slurry of claim 66, wherein the cathode active material powder is a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) powder, a doped NMC powder, a lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) powder, a doped NCA powder, a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) powder, a doped LFP powder, a lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) powder, a doped LMFP powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.

68. The curable slurry of claim 63. wherein the powder material comprises a non-reactive material powder.9662507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 57355069. The curable slurry of claim 68. wherein the non-reactive material powder is an aluminum oxide powder, a doped aluminum oxide powder, a zirconium oxide powder, a doped zirconium oxide powder, a titanium dioxide powder, a doped titanium dioxide powder, a barium titanate powder, a doped barium titanate powder, a tungsten carbide powder, a doped tungsten carbide powder, a magnesium oxide powder, a doped magnesium oxide powder, a silicon oxide powder, a doped silicon oxide powder, a titanium nitride powder, a doped titanium nitride powder, a silicon nitride powder, a doped silicon nitride powder, a silicon carbide powder, a doped silicon carbide powder, a lanthanum oxide powder, a doped lanthanum oxide powder, an iron oxide powder, a doped iron oxide powder, a cerium oxide powder, a doped cerium oxide powder, an aluminum nitride powder, a doped aluminum nitride powder, a boron nitride powder, a doped boron nitride powder, a yttria oxide powder, a doped yttria oxide powder, precursors thereof, or any combination thereof.

70. The curable slurry of any one of claims 63-69. further comprising a pore forming agent.

71. The curable slurry of any one of claims 63-70, further comprising a conductive additive.

72. The curable slurry of any one of claims 63-71, wherein the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 1,000 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to about 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed.

73. The curable slurry of any one of claims 63-72, wherein the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 500 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to about 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed.

74. The curable slurry of any one of claims 63-73. wherein the curable slurry increases viscosity at a rate of less than 250 cP / hr as measured at a sheer rate of 100 s'1for up to about 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed.

75. The curable slurry of any one of claims 63-74. wherein the curable slurry comprises a lithium salt of a hydrolyzed component exhibiting a characteristic stretch in Fourier-9762507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 573550 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at from 1585 cm’1to 1545 cm’1, and wherein a relative increase of the lithium salt of the hydrolyzed component in the curable slurry about 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed is less than about 0. 100 as calculated according to Formula (1)Relative Increase = Areati[c=o]t - Areati[c=o]to(1) whereinAreati[c=o]t is the integrated area of the Li[C=O] stretch about 8 hours after the binder composition and the powder material are mixed; andAreati[c=ojto is the integrated area of the Li[C=O] stretch after the binder composition and powder material are mixed.

76. A method of forming a curable slurry for forming a green body, the method comprising:(a) providing a binder composition of any one of claims 1-62 and a powder material; and(b) mixing the binder composition and the powder material to form the curable slurry'.

77. The method of claim 71, wherein the mixing step (b) further comprises:(b-1 ) mixing the binder composition and the powder material to form an agglomerated powder; and(b-2) milling the agglomerated powder to form the curable slurry7.

78. A method of forming a green body, comprising:(a) forming a curable green body from a curable slurry of any' one of claims 63- 75; and(b) curing the curable green body to form the green body.

79. The method of claim 78, wherein the forming step (a) further comprises casting the curable slurry onto a substrate.

80. The method of claim 78 or 79, further comprising:(c) releasing the green body from the substrate after step (b).9862507367.1PCT Application Attorney Docket No. 273679 / ISS-028WO / 57355081. The method of any one of claims 78-80, wherein the curing step (b) further comprises curing the curable green body with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat, electron beam (e-beam) radiation, or any combination thereof to form the green body.

82. The method of any one of claims 78-81, wherein the curing step (b) further comprises curing the curable green body with UV radiation to form the green body.9962507367.1

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