Use of poly (l-lactide) or copolymer comprising l-lactic acid repeating units in prevention or treatment of obesity-related diseases
Poly (L-lactide) and copolymers with L-lactic acid repeating units address the challenges of frequent medication and side effects in obesity treatments by providing a long-acting, side-effect-free solution for weight management and metabolic regulation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHANGCHUN SINOBIOMATERIALS CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-30
AI Technical Summary
Current weight loss treatments for obesity and its complications, such as diabetes, often require frequent medication and have side effects, leading to poor patient compliance and relapse.
The use of poly (L-lactide) or copolymers comprising L-lactic acid repeating units in the form of microspheres or compositions, which can be administered infrequently to prevent weight gain, maintain muscle mass, and regulate glycolipid metabolism without side effects.
These compounds effectively reduce weight, increase muscle mass, and regulate metabolic parameters, improving patient compliance by reducing the need for frequent dosing and minimizing adverse effects.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025096470-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025096470-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025096470-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
USE OF POLY (L-LACTIDE) OR COPOLYMER COMPRISING L-LACTIC ACID REPEATING UNITS IN PREVENTION OR TREATMENT OF OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202411491063.1, filed on October 24, 2024, entitled “Use of Poly (L-lactide) or Copolymer Comprising L-lactic Acid Repeating Units in Prevention or Treatment of Obesity-related Diseases” , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present invention belongs to the field of medical technology, and specifically relates to use of poly (L-lactide) and / or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units in the preparation of a drug for preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, use of a polymer comprising L-lactic acid units in the preparation of a drug or food, a polymer for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, and a drug combination.BACKGROUND
[0004] Obesity is a global health problem. In addition to causing chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it also increases the risk of complications such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and gout. Due to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, the prevalence of obesity has increased significantly worldwide in the past decade. According to WHO statistics, there are currently 650 million obese people in the world, and this number may reach 1.12 billion by 2030.
[0005] Obesity is a chronic, recurrent and progressive disease and is therefore characterized by the need for long-term treatment, susceptibility to relapse, worsening symptoms and deteriorating patient conditions. From the perspective of energy conservation, inhibiting energy intake and increasing energy metabolism consumption are the main research directions of weight loss treatment in the biomedical field.
[0006] Currently, the weight loss products approved on the market mainly work from the perspective of inhibiting the body's energy intake by suppressing appetite or energy absorption. Some drugs that suppress appetite for weight loss, such as amphetamine, fluoxetine, aminorex and sibutramine, were later found to have serious side effects. In addition, in order to maintain the weight loss effect, current weight loss drugs usually need to be taken orally or injected daily. Once the drug is stopped, it is easy to cause relapse or even worsening of the disease. For example, orlistat, which is currently safer among weight loss drugs, reduces energy intake by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption, but its weight loss effect often stops with drug discontinuation, and it is easy to cause oily diarrhea due to abnormal lipid digestion. Daily medication is a burden to patients, which also leads to poor patient compliance with treatment.
[0007] Studies in recent years have found that a variety of small molecule metabolites, including lipids, short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, etc., show unique improvement effects on complex diseases such as obesity, diabetes, heart failure, and tumors; at the same time, because these metabolites can be completely converted and utilized in the body, they reduce the metabolic burden on the body compared to exogenous chemical drugs, and they have increasingly become a source of candidate drugs and a new strategy to promote metabolic health.
[0008] At present, there is an urgent need to develop an effective, long-acting therapy for the treatment of obesity and complications caused by obesity such as diabetes that has no side effects and does not require frequent medication.SUMMARY
[0009] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a polymer and / or a composition comprising the polymer for preventing or treating obesity and complications caused by obesity such as diabetes, as well as regulating glycolipid metabolism.
[0010] In particular, the compound or composition provided by the present invention has good effects of reducing weight, increasing muscle mass and regulating glycolipid metabolism, and has no side effects. It can be administered once every few months, which improves patient compliance and provides a new strategy for the treatment of obesity and complications caused by obesity.
[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a compound having the effect of preventing fat and / or weight gain while maintaining muscle mass in a subject, the compound is poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, and the subject is a mammal.
[0012] Optionally, in the above compound, the compound does not include lactic acid or lactate.
[0013] In the first aspect, the present invention also provides a compound for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, the compound is a polymer, and the polymer includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, and the aforementioned L-lactic acid repeating unit is
[0014] Optionally, the subject of interest of the polymer includes mammals.
[0015] Optionally, the metabolic complications include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome.
[0016] Optionally, the obesity-related disease includes one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome and fatty liver disease.
[0017] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units includes one or more of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) , poly (L-lactide) -polyethylene glycol copolymer, polyethylene glycol-poly (L-lactide) -glycolic acid copolymer, polylactic acid-chitosan copolymer, and lactide-caprolactone copolymer; most preferably, it is polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer.
[0018] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is at least about 400 Da, and / or the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is not more than about 300 kDa.
[0019] In some embodiments, the copolymer has a molecular weight of at least about 400 Da, such as at least about 500 Da, such as at least about 1 kDa, such as at least about 2 kDa, such as at least about 5 kDa, such as at least about 10 kDa, such as at least about 20 kDa, such as at least about 30 kDa, such as at least about 40 kDa, such as at least about 50 kDa, such as at least about 100 kDa, such as at least about 150 kDa, such as at least about 200 kDa, such as at least about 250 kDa, and such as at least about 300 kDa.
[0020] In some embodiments, the copolymer has a molecular weight of no more than about 300 kDa, such as no more than about 275 kDa, such as no more than about 250 kDa, such as no more than about 225 kDa, such as no more than about 200 kDa, such as no more than about 175 kDa, such as no more than about 150 kDa, such as no more than about 125 kDa, and such as no more than about 100 kDa.
[0021] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, calculated by molar ratio, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid is at least about 5%.
[0022] Optionally, calculated by molar ratio, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 5%.
[0023] In some embodiments, the proportion of L-lactic acid in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is at least about 50%, such as at least about 55%, such as at least about 60%, such as at least about 65%, such as at least about 70%, such as at least about 75%, such as at least about 80%, such as at least about 85%, such as at least about 90%, and such as at least about 95%. It is to be understood that the percentages mentioned correspond to molar ratios.
[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a microsphere having the effect of preventing a subject from gaining fat and / or weight while maintaining muscle mass, the microsphere comprises the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere has a particle size of at least about 10 μm, and the microsphere has a smooth surface; the smooth surface means that on at least 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions with a height not exceeding 1 to 3 μm does not exceed 50.
[0025] In some embodiments, the microsphere has a particle size of at least about 10 μm, at least about 15 μm, at least about 20 μm, at least about 25 μm, at least about 30 μm, at least about 35 μm, at least about 40 μm, at least about 45 μm, at least about 50 μm, at least about 55 μm, at least about 60 μm.
[0026] In certain embodiments, on at least 10 microspheres, there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm. In certain embodiments, on at least 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions with a height not exceeding 1-3 μm is no more than 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm. In the embodiments, it is understood that the features “the number of protrusions with a height not exceeding 1 to 3 μm is not more than 50” and “there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm” are measured on the surfaces of at least 10 microspheres. The microspheres can be analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which is a conventional method to observe the surface morphology of microspheres.
[0027] Optionally, in the aforementioned microspheres, the degradation time of the microspheres can be controlled to be 1 month to 2 years.
[0028] In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a microsphere for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, and the microsphere comprises the compound of the first aspect. Optionally, the microsphere has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) the particle size of the microsphere is 10 μm to 100 μm; (2) the DV50 particle size of the microsphere is 30 μm to 60 μm; (3) the degradation time of the microspheres can be controlled to be 1 month to 2 years; (4) taking more than 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 5 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm; preferably, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 3 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 3 μm.
[0029] Optionally, in the aforementioned microspheres, the method for preparing the microspheres comprises the following steps:
[0030] 1) mixing poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units with a solvent to obtain a poly (L-lactide) solution or a copolymer solution comprising L-lactic acid repeating units;
[0031] 2) mixing the poly (L-lactide) solution or the copolymer solution comprising L-lactic acid repeating units with an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, emulsifying the mixture at a high speed, stirring it to remove the solvent, and freeze-drying it to obtain poly (L-lactide) microspheres or microspheres of the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units.
[0032] Optionally, in the aforementioned microspheres, in step 1) , the solvent is any one of dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone or toluene, or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
[0033] and / or, in step 1) , the mass volume ratio of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units to the solvent is 1 g: 5 mL to 1 g: 30 mL.
[0034] Optionally, in the aforementioned microspheres, in step 2) , the volume ratio of the poly (L-lactide) solution or the copolymer solution comprising L-lactic acid repeating units to the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is 1: 5 to 1: 30;
[0035] and / or, in step 2) , the speed of the high-speed emulsification is 1000 rpm to 5000 rpm;
[0036] and / or, in step 2) , the emulsification time is 5 to 20 min;
[0037] and / or, in step 2) , the microspheres have a particle size of at least about 10 μm;
[0038] and / or, in step 2) , the microspheres have a smooth surface.
[0039] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a composition having the effect of preventing a subject from gaining fat and / or weight while maintaining muscle mass, and the composition comprises any one of the compounds of the first aspect or any one of the microspheres of the second aspect and at least one GPR81 agonist.
[0040] In the third aspect, the present invention also provides a drug combination, which comprises any one of the compounds of the first aspect or any one of the microspheres of the second aspect and a GPR81 receptor agonist.
[0041] Optionally, in the aforementioned composition or drug combination, the GPR81 agonist includes one or more of GPR81 agonist 1, GPR81 agonist 2, 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid or 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
[0042] Optionally, in the aforementioned composition or drug combination, the mass ratio of the GPR81 agonist to the compound or the microsphere is 1: 10 to 1: 100.
[0043] Optionally, the aforementioned drug combination is administered by any one of the following modes: the compound and the GPR81 receptor agonist are administered simultaneously, separately or sequentially.
[0044] Optionally, the aforementioned drug combination includes a compound formulation of the compound and the GPR81 receptor agonist, or the aforementioned drug combination includes a first formulation and a second formulation that are independent of each other, the compound is present in the first formulation, and the GPR81 receptor agonist is present in the second formulation.
[0045] Optionally, the dosage form of the aforementioned drug combination is an oral dosage form, an injection dosage form, or a combination of an oral dosage form and an injection dosage form.
[0046] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination, the compound or microsphere or composition or drug combination is used to prevent or treat obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity.
[0047] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination, the compound or microsphere or composition or drug combination is used to up-regulate the expression of GPR81 (G protein coupled receptor 81) gene or protein.
[0048] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination, the compound or microsphere or composition or drug combination is used to up-regulate the expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) gene or protein.
[0049] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination, the compound or microsphere or composition or drug combination is used to enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume.
[0050] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination, the compound or microsphere or composition or drug combination is used to regulate the energy metabolism of the body.
[0051] Optionally, in the aforementioned compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination, the compound or microsphere or composition or drug combination is used to improve lipid metabolism.
[0052] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the following methods, specifically:
[0053] The present invention provides a method for preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect.
[0054] The present invention provides a method for up-regulating the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect.
[0055] The present invention provides a method for up-regulating the expression of UCP1 gene or protein, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect.
[0056] The present invention provides a method for enhancing the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reducing fat volume, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect.
[0057] The present invention provides a method for regulating the energy metabolism of the body, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect.
[0058] The present invention provides a method for improving lipid metabolism, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect.
[0059] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides use of the compound, microsphere or composition of the present invention in the preparation of a drug, specifically:
[0060] The present invention provides use of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect in the preparation of a drug for preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity.
[0061] Optionally, the metabolic complications include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome.
[0062] Optionally, the obesity-related disease includes one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome and fatty liver disease.
[0063] The present invention provides use of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect in the preparation of a drug for up-regulating the expression of GPR81 gene or protein.
[0064] The present invention provides use of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect in the preparation of a drug for up-regulating the expression of UCP1 gene or protein.
[0065] The present invention provides use of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect in the preparation of a drug for enhancing the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reducing fat volume.
[0066] The present invention provides use of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect in the preparation of a drug for regulating the energy metabolism of the body.
[0067] The present invention provides use of the compound of the first aspect, the microsphere of the second aspect, or the composition or drug combination of the third aspect in the preparation of a drug for improving lipid metabolism.
[0068] Optionally, in the aforementioned uses, the drug includes a tool drug used in the in vitro or in vivo scientific studies. Optionally, in the aforementioned uses, the mass concentration of the compound, the microsphere, the composition or the drug combination in the drug is 0.1%to 80%, and optionally 30%to 70%.
[0069] Optionally, in the aforementioned uses, the drug is in the form of a formulation, and the formulation includes an injection or an oral formulation.
[0070] Optionally, in the aforementioned uses, the drug further comprises an excipient, and the excipient includes at least one of a stabilizer, a filler, a binder or a surfactant.
[0071] Preferably, the surfactant is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween, and Span;
[0072] preferably, the stabilizer is selected from one or both of carboxymethyl cellulose and mannitol;
[0073] preferably, the filler is selected from one or more of lactose, mannitol, cyclodextrin, and sorbitol;
[0074] preferably, the binder is selected from one or more of hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium hyaluronate, collagen, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone;
[0075] preferably, the lubricant is selected from one or more of magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and stearic acid.
[0076] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides use of a compound in the preparation of a drug or food, wherein the drug is used for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, the food is used for assisting in lowering blood glucose, assisting in lowering blood lipids and / or losing weight, the compound is a polymer, and the polymer includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, and the aforementioned L-lactic acid repeating unit is
[0077] Optionally, the aforementioned metabolic complications include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome.
[0078] Optionally, the aforementioned obesity-related disease includes one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome and fatty liver disease.
[0079] Optionally, the aforementioned copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units includes one or more of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) , poly (L-lactide) -polyethylene glycol copolymer, polyethylene glycol-poly (L-lactide) -glycolic acid copolymer, poly (L-lactide) -chitosan copolymer, and lactide-caprolactone copolymer.
[0080] Optionally, the molecular weight of the aforementioned poly (L-lactide) or copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 400 Da, and / or less than or equal to 300 kDa.
[0081] Optionally, calculated by molar ratio, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 5%.
[0082] Optionally, the aforementioned drug is a drug for reducing body fat percentage and / or improving muscle quality, and the aforementioned food is food for reducing body fat percentage and / or improving muscle quality.
[0083] Optionally, the mass concentration of the aforementioned compound in the drug or food is 0.1%to 80%, and optionally 30%to 70%.
[0084] Optionally, the drug is in the form of a formulation, and the formulation includes an injection or an oral formulation.
[0085] Optionally, the drug further comprises an excipient, and the excipient includes at least one of a stabilizer, a filler, a binder or a surfactant.
[0086] Optionally, the aforementioned drug or food comprises microspheres, and the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is present in the microspheres.
[0087] Optionally, the aforementioned microsphere has one or more of the following characteristics:
[0088] (1) the particle size of the microsphere is 10μm to 100μm;
[0089] (2) the DV50 particle size of the microsphere is 30μm to 60μm;
[0090] (3) the degradation time of the microspheres can be controlled to be 1 month to 2 years;
[0091] (4) taking more than 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 5 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm; preferably, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 3 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 3 μm.
[0092] Beneficial effects of the present invention:
[0093] The poly (L-lactide) and / or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units or the composition comprising the same provided by the present invention have good effects of reducing weight, increasing muscle mass and regulating glycolipid metabolism, and have no side effects. It can be administered once every few months, which improves patient compliance and provides a new strategy for the treatment of obesity and complications caused by obesity.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0094] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention. In the drawings:
[0095] Fig. 1 shows the effects of different medication regimens on the weight changes of mice on a high-fat diet, wherein Fig. 1A shows the general trend of weight changes of each group of mice on a high-fat diet from the day of dosing to the 25th week; Fig. 1B shows the weight change trend of each group of mice on a high-fat diet from the 20th week to the 25th week after dosing, where ns represents no statistically significant difference, **represents p < 0.01, ***represents p < 0.001, indicating statistically significant difference.
[0096] Fig. 2 shows the effects of different medication regimens on multiple biochemical indices in the blood of mice on a high-fat diet. In Figs. 2A to 2F, the results of each group are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ns represents no statistically significant difference, *represents p <0.05, indicating statistical differences, **represents p < 0.01, and ***represents p < 0.001, indicating statistically significant difference; Fig. 2A shows the effects of different medication regimens on blood glucose in the blood of mice on a high-fat diet; Fig. 2B shows the effects of different medication regimens on lactide in the blood of mice on a high-fat diet; Fig. 2C shows the effects of different medication regimens on total cholesterol in the blood of mice on a high-fat diet; Fig. 2D shows the effects of different medication regimens on free fatty acids in the blood of mice on a high-fat diet; Fig. 2E shows the effects of different medication regimens on low-density lipoprotein in the blood of mice on a high-fat diet; and Fig. 2F shows the effects of different medication regimens on triglycerides in the blood of mice on a high-fat diet.
[0097] Fig. 3 shows the effects of different medication regimens on the body fat percentage of mice on a high-fat diet, the results of each group are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ns represents no statistically significant difference, *represents p < 0.05, indicating statistical differences, and ***represents p < 0.001, indicating statistically significant difference.
[0098] Fig. 4 shows morphological photographs of mice on a high-fat diet for different medication regimens.
[0099] Fig. 5 shows the results of HE staining of white adipose tissue sections of mice on a high-fat diet for different medication regimens, with a scale of 40μm.
[0100] Fig. 6 shows the effects of different medication regimens on the size of white adipocytes in mice on a high-fat diet, the results of each group are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ns represents no statistically significant difference, ***represents p < 0.001, indicating statistically significant difference.
[0101] Fig. 7 shows the results of HE staining of brown adipose tissue sections of mice on a high-fat diet for different medication regimens, with a scale of 40μm.
[0102] Fig. 8 shows the effects of different medication regimens on muscle changes in mice on a high-fat diet, wherein Fig. 8A shows the effects of different medication regimens on muscle mass in mice on a high-fat diet, the results of each group are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ns represents no statistically significant difference, *represents p < 0.05, indicating statistical differences; Fig. 8B shows the effects of different medication regimens on the muscle mass index of mice on a high-fat diet, and the results of each group are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, ns represents no statistically significant difference, **represents p < 0.01, and ***represents p <0.001, indicating statistically significant difference.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0103] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present application have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The singular forms “a / an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0104] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.
[0105] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.
[0106] In the present application, “subject of interest” and “subject” can be used interchangeably and refer to mammals, and any suitable mammal can be subject to the technical solutions of the present application. The mammals include, but are not limited to, humans, non-human primates (e.g., apes, monkeys, chimpanzees) , domestic animals (e.g., dogs or cats) , farm animals (e.g., horses, cows, goats, sheep, pigs) , and experimental animals (e.g., mice, rats, rabbits) .
[0107] In the present application, “diabetes” refers to a metabolic disorder and abnormally high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) caused by insufficient levels of the hormone insulin, and includes the following forms of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and glucose intolerance.
[0108] In the present application, “metabolic syndrome” is a general term for medical conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, the development of which depends on the distribution and amount of adipose tissue. Generally, the presence of three or more of the following conditions can be considered to indicate metabolic syndrome: excessive abdominal fat accumulation (for example, a waist circumference of greater than or equal to 102 cm for men, or a waist circumference of greater than or equal to 88 cm for women) , abnormal fasting blood glucose levels (for example, fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 5.6 mmol / L) , high blood pressure (for example, greater than or equal to 140 / 90) , insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.
[0109] In the present application, “prevention” refers to the delay of onset of one or more symptoms of a specific disease, disorder or condition, and / or the reduction of the frequency and / or severity of occurrence; “treatment” refers to any administration of a therapy that partially or completely relieves, improves, alleviates, inhibits one or more symptoms, characteristics and / or causes of a specific disease, disorder and / or condition, delays its onset, reduces its severity, and / or reduces its incidence.
[0110] In the present application, “obesity” has its broadest meaning, covering overweight and obesity, which is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that has potential adverse effects on health (such as overweight) or has already caused health damage (such as obesity) , including but not limited to simple obesity, secondary obesity, childhood obesity, adult obesity, morbid obesity and central obesity. The causes of secondary obesity include but are not limited to: obesity caused by endocrine system diseases, such as Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism; obesity caused by drugs, such as glucocorticoids and some antipsychotics; syndromic obesity or monogenic obesity, including Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) , Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) , congenital leptin deficiency, congenital leptin receptor deficiency, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency, proprotein convertase subtilisin / kexin type 1 (PCSK1) deficiency, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency, etc.
[0111] Without limitation, “obesity” can be determined by body fat percentage. For example, according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) , men (males) with a body fat percentage greater than or equal to 25%and women (females) with a body fat percentage greater than or equal to 35%are considered obese.
[0112] In the present application, “body fat percentage” refers to the percentage of body fat weight in an individual to the total body weight, which directly reflects the individual's fat content. Body fat percentage can be measured by using skinfold thickness measurement, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) , dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) , computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for measuring body fat. Among them, the BIA method can be used for preliminary clinical screening, and the DEXA method can be used to further accurately assess the content and distribution of fat, muscle, and bone. In nonclinical experimental studies, abdominal CT and MRI are often used to measure visceral fat content, both can more accurately reflect the distribution of fat in visceral and peripheral tissues to assess the degree of visceral fat accumulation.
[0113] In the present application, “effective amount” refers to an amount that is sufficient to treat or prevent a patient's disease but low enough to avoid serious side effects (with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio) within the scope of sound medical judgment. The effective amount in the present application may vary depending on the subject of interest. The age, weight, basic health condition, severity of obesity of the subject of interest and the specific drug combination administered to the subject of interest will all affect the determination of the effective amount. Thus, one skilled in the art can determine the effective amount of a polymer or drug combination based on, for example, amounts found to be effective in animal or clinical studies, the physician's experience, and / or suggested dosage ranges or medication guidelines. Based on the above considerations, the effective amount may vary widely depending on the particular polymer or drug combination and the dosage unit used, combined with the medication regimen, the duration of treatment, the age and weight of the subject of interest, and the nature and severity of the condition being treated.
[0114] A first embodiment of the present invention provides a compound having the effect of preventing fat and / or weight gain while maintaining muscle mass in a subject, the compound is poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, and the subject is a mammal.
[0115] Optionally, the above compounds do not include lactic acid or lactate.
[0116] The inventors have found through non-clinical experimental studies that poly (L-lactide) (PLLA) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units not only has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, but also has good effects on weight loss, muscle gain, and regulation of glycolipid metabolism. In addition, they have relatively stable physical and chemical properties and are easy to process and shape, and have great application potential.
[0117] In some embodiments, the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units includes one or more of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) , poly (L-lactide) -polyethylene glycol copolymer, polyethylene glycol-poly (L-lactide) -glycolic acid copolymer, poly (L-lactide) -chitosan copolymer, and lactide-caprolactone copolymer; preferably, it includes poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) .
[0118] In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the aforementioned poly (L-lactide) or copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 400 Da, and / or less than or equal to 300 kDa.
[0119] For example, the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising repeating L-lactic acid repeating units can be greater than or equal to 500 Da, greater than or equal to 1 kDa, greater than or equal to 5 kDa, greater than or equal to 10 kDa, greater than or equal to 50 kDa, can also be less than or equal to 250 kDa, less than or equal to 200 kDa, less than or equal to 180 kDa, less than or equal to 150 kDa, less than or equal to 100 kDa, etc.
[0120] In some embodiments, calculated by molar ratio, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 5%; optionally, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 50%.
[0121] In some embodiments, the aforementioned compound is used to prevent or treat obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, or to up-regulate the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, or to up-regulate the expression of UCP1 gene or protein, or to enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume, or to regulate the energy metabolism of the body, or to improve lipid metabolism.
[0122] A second embodiment of the present invention provides a compound for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, the compound is a polymer, the polymer includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, and the aforementioned L-lactic acid repeating unit is
[0123] Without wishing to be bound by any theory, the aforementioned poly (L-lactide) or copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units not only has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, but also has good effects of reducing weight, increasing muscle and regulating glycolipid metabolism, and can prevent fat and / or weight gain while maintaining muscle mass. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the aforementioned polymer are stable, and the polymer is easy to be processed and formed, and can be prepared and processed into drugs in various forms, thereby having great application potential.
[0124] In some embodiments, the subject of interest of the polymer includes a mammal.
[0125] In some embodiments, the aforementioned metabolic complications caused by obesity include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome; the obesity-related diseases include one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome, and fatty liver disease.
[0126] In some embodiments, the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units includes one or more of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) , poly (L-lactide) -polyethylene glycol copolymer, polyethylene glycol-poly (L-lactide) -glycolic acid copolymer, poly (L-lactide) -chitosan copolymer, and lactide-caprolactone copolymer; preferably, it includes poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) . The aforementioned poly (L-lactide) polymer materials can be gradually degraded in the body to form small molecules, such as lactic acid, ethylene glycol, and glycolic acid, then phagocytosed by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and finally enter the Kreb cycle to be released and absorbed in the form of carbon dioxide and water.
[0127] With the increase of molecular weight, their metabolic stability increases, but their effect will also be affected. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 400 Da, and / or less than or equal to 300 kDa. For example, the molecular weight of the aforementioned polymer can be greater than or equal to 500 Da, greater than or equal to 1 kDa, greater than or equal to 5 kDa, greater than or equal to 10 kDa, greater than or equal to 50 kDa, and the molecular weight of the aforementioned polymer can also be less than or equal to 250 kDa, less than or equal to 200 kDa, less than or equal to 180 kDa, less than or equal to 150 kDa, less than or equal to 100 kDa, etc.
[0128] The L-lactic acid repeating unit in the aforementioned polymer exists as an active unit. In order to improve the effect of the polymer in lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, in some embodiments, calculated by molar ratio, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 5%; preferably greater than or equal to 50%. For example, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is 20%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or 95%.
[0129] A third embodiment of the present application provides a microsphere having the effect of preventing a subject from gaining fat and / or weight while maintaining muscle mass, the microsphere comprises any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, the microsphere has a particle size of at least about 10 μm, and the microsphere has a smooth surface, wherein the smooth surface means that on at least 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions with a height not exceeding 1 to 3 μm does not exceed 50.
[0130] In some embodiment, the degradation time of the microsphere may be controlled to be 1 month to 2 years.
[0131] In the present application, degradation time refers to the time taken for placing microspheres with a certain initial volume (or mass) under vacuum sealed conditions until the remaining volume (or mass) of the microspheres does not exceed 5%of the initial volume (or mass) , which can be used to indicate the stability of the microspheres. The microspheres have a long degradation time and can be sustained-released in vivo, so they can continue to work in the body of the subject of interest after a single dosing, thus eliminating the need for frequent administration.
[0132] In some embodiments, the aforementioned microspheres are used to prevent or treat obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, or to up-regulate the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, or to up-regulate the expression of UCP1 gene or protein, or to enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume, or to regulate the energy metabolism of the body, or to improve lipid metabolism.
[0133] A fourth embodiment of the present application provides a microsphere for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, and the microsphere comprises any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
[0134] Microspheres refer to spheres or quasi-spheres with particle sizes at the micron level. The microspheres can be prepared by phase separation, coagulation, ultrasonic atomization, emulsification-solvent volatilization and spray drying. The preparation methods of microspheres are well known to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can adopt any feasible preparation method to obtain microspheres comprising the aforementioned polymers according to actual needs, without special limitation herein. When the molecular weight of the polymer is greater than or equal to 3 kDa, it can be made into microspheres by emulsification-solvent evaporation which is simple and efficient.
[0135] In some embodiments, the microspheres have a particle size of 10 μm to 100 μm. The particle size of the microspheres can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , the particle size of each microsphere in the SEM image is measured, and the average particle size of the microspheres can be determined by the statistical average of particle size of multiple microspheres. When the particle size of the microsphere is within the above range, the chance of the microspheres being cleared by the body's immune cells can be reduced, while not easily causing tissue damage. It takes into account both effectiveness and safety, and the effect achieved during the degradation cycle is more controllable.
[0136] In some embodiments, the DV50 particle size of the microsphere is 30μm to 60μm. For example, the DV50 of the microspheres may be 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, or 60 μm, but is not limited thereto.
[0137] In some embodiments, taking more than 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 5 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm; preferably, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 3 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 3 μm. If the above conditions are met, the microspheres can be considered to have a smooth surface. The smoothness of the microsphere surface can be observed and measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) .
[0138] Under the premise that the microspheres are same in terms of diameter range and chemical composition, compared with microspheres with a rough surface (for example, microspheres with multiple protrusions on the surface with a height of more than 5μm or even 10μm) , the aforementioned microspheres with a smooth surface have a lower degradation rate, can exist longer, the degradation rate of the microspheres changes less with time, and the degradation rate is more stable and uniform. The concentration of the polymer present in the microspheres in the body of the subject of interest can be maintained at a relatively stable level, which is conducive to sustained effect, reduces the number of dosing times, and improves the compliance of the subject of interest.
[0139] Under certain environmental conditions, the microspheres degrade over time, and accordingly, the polymer concentration in the microspheres decreases. The stability of the microsphere is related to the molecular weight of the polymer and the surface smoothness of the microspheres. Generally, under the same preparation conditions, microspheres containing polymers with higher molecular weights have better stability. The smoother the surface of the microspheres, the less likely they are to degrade, and thus the better the storage stability.
[0140] In some embodiment, the degradation time of the microsphere may be controlled to be 1 month to 2 years.
[0141] In some embodiments, the aforementioned microspheres are used to prevent or treat obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, or to up-regulate the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, or to up-regulate the expression of UCP1 gene or protein, or to enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume, or to regulate the energy metabolism of the body, or to improve lipid metabolism.
[0142] Exemplarily, the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment can be prepared by the following steps:
[0143] step 1, mixing poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units with a solvent to obtain a poly (L-lactide) solution or a copolymer solution comprising L-lactic acid repeating units;
[0144] step 2, mixing the poly (L-lactide) solution or the copolymer solution comprising L-lactic acid repeating units obtained in step 1 with an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, emulsifying the mixture at high speed, stirring it to remove the solvent, and freeze-drying it to obtain poly (L-lactide) microspheres or microspheres of the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units.
[0145] Optionally, in step 1, the solvent used can be selected from one or more of dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone or toluene; and / or, the mass volume ratio of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units to the solvent is 1g: 5mL to 1g: 30mL.
[0146] Optionally, in step 2, the volume ratio of the poly (L-lactide) solution or the copolymer solution comprising L-lactic acid repeating units to the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is 1: 5 to 1: 30; and / or, and the high-speed emulsification is conducted at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm to 5000 rpm for 5 to 20 min.
[0147] In some embodiments, when the microspheres are prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation, the surface smoothness of the microsphere is closely related to the volatilization speed of the solvent. After removing most of the solvent by high speed emulsification and stirring, the volatilization speed of the solvent is slowed down at a relatively low ambient temperature (such as freeze drying as described above) , so that the surface of the microspheres has enough time to be smoothed, which is conducive to obtaining microspheres with a high degree of surface smoothness. In addition, suitable stabilizers can be selected to reduce the aggregation and adhesion of microspheres during the formation process, the pH value of the system can be adjusted within a certain range, a relatively mild curing method can be used, and post-treatments such as washing and centrifugation can be performed to remove impurities, all of which can all help to form a smooth microsphere surface.
[0148] A fifth embodiment of the present application provides use of a compound in the preparaton of a drug or food, the aforementioned drug is used for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, the compound is a polymer, the polymer includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, and the aforementioned L-lactic acid repeating unit is
[0149] The aforementioned compound may be used to prevent or treat obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, or to up-regulate the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, or to up-regulate the expression of UCP1 gene or protein, or to enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume, or to regulate the energy metabolism of the body, or to improve lipid metabolism. The aforementioned compound has the effects of regulating lipid metabolism, inhibiting weight gain, lowering blood glucose levels, etc., which is conductive to achieving the effects of lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids, preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity. Also, it has good effects of reducing weight and increasing muscle, and can prevent fat and / or weight gain while maintaining muscle mass.
[0150] In some embodiments, the aforementioned metabolic complications caused by obesity include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome; the obesity-related diseases include one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome, and fatty liver disease.
[0151] In some embodiments, the polymer comprising L-lactic acid structural units includes one or more of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) , poly (L-lactide) -polyethylene glycol copolymer, polyethylene glycol-poly (L-lactide) -glycolic acid copolymer, poly (L-lactide) -chitosan copolymer, and lactide-caprolactone copolymer; preferably, it includes poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) .
[0152] In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the aforementioned poly (L-lactide) or copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 400 Da, and / or less than or equal to 300 kDa. For example, the molecular weight of the aforementioned poly (L-lactide) or copolymer comprising repeating L-lactic acid repeating units can be greater than or equal to 500 Da, greater than or equal to 1 kDa, greater than or equal to 5 kDa, greater than or equal to 10 kDa, greater than or equal to 50 kDa; can also be less than or equal to 250 kDa, less than or equal to 200 kDa, less than or equal to 180 kDa, less than or equal to 150 kDa, less than or equal to 100 kDa, etc.
[0153] In some embodiments, calculated by molar ratio, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 5%, and preferably greater than or equal to 50%. For example, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is 20%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or 95%.
[0154] In some embodiments, the aforementioned drug is a drug for reducing body fat percentage and / or improving muscle mass. Considering that the drug contains poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, it has good effects of reducing weight, increasing muscle and regulating glycolipid metabolism, and can prevent fat and / or weight gain while maintaining muscle mass. By administering the aforementioned drug to a subject of interest based on a reasonable administration regimen, after a certain period of time (for example, after several days, weeks or years) , the fat weight of the subject of interest can be reduced, thereby reducing the body fat percentage, and / or increasing the muscle index of the subject of interest. The aforementioned drug may be administered as a single therapeutic agent or in combination with other therapeutic agents, and may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with conventional therapeutic agents. In addition, it may be administered singly or multiple times.
[0155] In some embodiments, the drug is in the form of a formulation, which includes an injection or an oral formulation. Furthermore, injections are classified according to their physical state, including liquid injections, powders for injection, and tablets for injection. Injections are classified according to the injection site, including but not limited to intradermal injections, subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections, intravenous injections, etc. Furthermore, oral formulations include but are not limited to tablets, pills, granules, powders, capsules, oral liquids, and the like. In some embodiments, the drug formulation includes an injection, and the injection is preferably a subcutaneous injection.
[0156] In some embodiments, the drug further comprises an excipient, and the excipient includes at least one of a stabilizer, a filler, a binder, a surfactant or a lubricant. Stabilizers are substances used to stabilize or protect the active ingredients in drugs, prevent them from degradation or loss of activity; preferably, the stabilizer is selected from one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose and mannitol. The filler is used to fill the volume and weight of the drug to improve the physical properties (such as powder flowability, compressibility) of the drug formulation; preferably, the filler is selected from one or more of lactose, mannitol, cyclodextrin, and sorbitol. The binder is used to make the non-viscous or insufficiently viscous material obtain appropriate viscosity and aggregate into a solid (such as particles) with a certain strength; preferably, the binder is selected from one or more of hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium hyaluronate, collagen, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The surfactant is used for reducing the surface tension of the liquid and improving the solubility of the drug; preferably, the surfactant is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, Tween (or polysorbate) , and Span (sorbitan fatty acid ester) . The lubricant is used for reducing the friction between the drug formulation (for example, granules or tablets) and the die wall and improving the density uniformity of the drug formulation; preferably, the lubricant is selected from one or more of magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and stearic acid.
[0157] In some embodiments, the mass concentration of the aforementioned compound in the drug is 0.1%to 80%, optionally 30%to 70%. Taking into account the differences in compound properties, drug composition, formulation form and administration regimen, the mass proportion of the compound in the drug can be further subdivided within the above mass concentration range. Some non-limiting examples include: the drug formulation is a subcutaneous injection, the mass concentration of the aforementioned compound in the drug is 20%to 70%. The drug formulation is an oral formulation, and the dosage is considered to be 100 mg / kg (patient's body weight) to 2000 mg / kg.
[0158] In some embodiments, the drug comprises microspheres and the compound is present in the microspheres.
[0159] In some embodiments, the aforementioned microspheres have a particle size of 10 μm to 100 μm. The particle size of the microspheres can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , the particle size of each microsphere in the SEM image is measured, and the average particle size of the microspheres can be determined by the statistical average of particle size of multiple microspheres. When the particle size of the microsphere is within the above range, the chance of the microspheres being cleared by the body's immune cells can be reduced, while not easily causing tissue damage. It takes into account both effectiveness and safety, and the effect achieved during the degradation cycle is more controllable.
[0160] In some embodiments, the DV50 particle size of the aforementioned microspheres is 30μm to 60μm.
[0161] In some embodiment, the degradation time of the aforementioned microsphere may be controlled to be 1 month to 2 years.
[0162] In some embodiments, taking 10 or more of the aforementioned microspheres, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 5 μm (preferably not exceeding 3 μm) does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm (preferably no protrusion with a height exceeding 3 μm) . The smoother the surface of the microspheres, the less likely they are to degrade, and thus the better the storage stability.
[0163] A sixth embodiment of the present application provides a composition having the effect of preventing a subject from gaining fat and / or weight while maintaining muscle mass, the composition comprises any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, and at least one GPR81 receptor agonist.
[0164] In some embodiments, the GPR81 receptor agonist includes one or more of GPR81 agonist 1, GPR81 agonist 2, 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
[0165] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the GPR81 receptor agonist to the compound in the aforementioned composition is 1: 10 to 1: 100. For example, it may be 1: 10, 1: 15, 1: 30, 1: 45, 1: 60, 1: 75, 1: 90, 1: 100, but is not limited thereto.
[0166] A seventh embodiment of the present application provides a drug combination, which includes any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, and a GPR81 receptor agonist. Since the aforementioned compound includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, it has good effects of reducing weight, increasing muscle and regulating glycolipid metabolism, and can prevent fat and / or weight gain while maintaining muscle mass. As a specific receptor for lactate, GPR81 has biological functions such as regulating adipocyte development and differentiation, inhibiting lipolysis, and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Compared with one drug alone, the aforementioned drug combination can achieve synergistic effects. For example: (1) it can more significantly reduce the levels of blood glucose, free fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic disorders related to obesity; (2) it can more effectively promote lipid metabolism, induce browning of white adipocytes, and more obviously reduce body weight and body fat percentage; (3) it can more effectively promote revascularization and muscle regeneration to improve muscle index.
[0167] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be prepared, formulated or administered by any technology well known to those skilled in the art.
[0168] In some embodiments, the GPR81 receptor agonist includes one or more of GPR81 agonist 1, GPR81 agonist 2, 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Activation by agonists helps the GPR81 receptor to more efficiently regulate energy metabolism and inhibit fat decomposition, thereby reducing the release of free fatty acids, lowering blood lipid levels and improving metabolic diseases.
[0169] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the GPR81 receptor agonist to the compound in the aforementioned drug combination is 1: 10 to 1: 100, and preferably 1: 10 to 1: 2. For example, the mass ratio of the GPR81 receptor agonist to the aforementioned compound in the drug combination may be 1: 10, 1: 15, 1: 30, 1: 45, 1: 60, 1: 75, 1: 90, 1: 100, but is not limited thereto.
[0170] In some embodiments, the aforementioned drug combination is administered by any one of the following methods: administering the compound and the GPR81 receptor agonist simultaneously, separately or sequentially. The compound includes the aforementioned poly (L-lactide) or copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units. Preferably, they are administered simultaneously. “Simultaneous administration” means that the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units and the GPR81 receptor agonist are administered sufficiently closely in time so that both can work or produce effects within the same time frame, and can be used interchangeably with “concurrent administration” and “co-administration” . The selection of a specific medication regimen is intended to improve the safety and efficacy of drug treatment. The specific implementation depends on the specific types and characteristics of the aforementioned compound and GPR81 receptor agonists, the condition of the disease and individual differences. The specific medication regimen (such as dosage, timing or repetition) may vary greatly.
[0171] The drug combination involved in the present application can be prepared in various forms according to different administration routes.
[0172] In some embodiments, the dosage form of the aforementioned drug combination is an oral dosage form, an injection dosage form, or a combination of an oral dosage form and an injection dosage form.
[0173] Furthermore, the injection dosage forms are classified according to their physical state, including liquid injections, powders for injection, and tablets for injection. Injections are classified according to the injection site, including but not limited to intradermal injections, subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections, intravenous injections, etc. The injection dosage form can be sterile water for injection or oil suspension, or sterile solution for injection. The carrier and solvent that can be used include water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterilized non-volatile oils can also be used as solvents or suspension media, such as monoglycerides or diglycerides.
[0174] Furthermore, oral dosage forms include but are not limited to tablets, pills, granules, powders, soft / hard capsules, oral liquids, and the like. Among them, carriers generally used for tablets include lactose and corn starch, and lubricants such as magnesium stearate can also be added. Diluents commonly used in capsules include lactose and dried corn starch. Oral liquids are usually prepared by mixing the active ingredient with appropriate emulsifiers and suspending agents. If necessary, some sweeteners, aromatics or coloring agents may be added to the aforementioned oral dosage forms.
[0175] In some embodiments, the drug formulation is an oral dosage form. For example, the GPR81 receptor agonist, poly (L-lactide) in the form of microspheres, or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units are prepared together or separately into an oral suspension, and the substances used to prepare the aforementioned suspension also include but are not limited to sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) , carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) . It should be emphasized that for the type of GPR81 receptor agonist selected, its oral safety, stability in the gastrointestinal tract, and whether it can be effectively absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract need to be evaluated.
[0176] In some embodiments, the drug formulation is an injection dosage form, and the injection dosage form is preferably a subcutaneous injection.
[0177] In some embodiments, the aforementioned drug combination includes a compound formulation of the aforementioned compound and a GPR81 receptor agonist, and the compound includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units. In the compound formulation, the mass ratio of the compound to the GPR81 receptor agonist is selected within the above range, the dosage form thereof has no special limitation, and the medication effect can be improved through the synergistic effect of the two components. The compound formulation has the advantages of being easy to store and carry, and simplified administration process, thereby improving the compliance of the subjects of interest.
[0178] In some embodiment, the aforementioned drug combination includes a first formulation and a second formulation which are independent of each other, the compound is present in the first formulation and the GPR81 receptor agonist is present in the second formulation. The dosage form of the first formulation or the second formulation is an oral dosage form, an injection dosage form, or a combination of an oral dosage form and an injection dosage form. The dosage forms of the first formulation and the second formulation may be the same or different. The compound and the GPR81 receptor agonist are placed in different formulations to facilitate the flexible administration of the two, such as sequential administration, and also to facilitate flexible adjustment of the ratio between the two.
[0179] In some embodiments, preferably, the first formulation and the second formulation have the same dosage form.
[0180] In some embodiment, that combination of the first formulation and the second formulation is place in a kit, and the kit may also include a diagnostic or therapeutic agent. The kit may also include instructions for use in diagnostic or therapeutic methods.
[0181] In some embodiments, the composition or drug combination involved in the present application may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, including but not limited to: ion exchangers, aluminum oxide, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins (such as human albumin) , buffer substances (such as phosphates) , glycerol, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes (such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts) , colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulosic substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylates, beeswax, and lanolin.
[0182] In some embodiments, the composition or drug combination involved in the present application is substantially free of contaminants, such as blood cells, platelets, polypeptides, minerals, blood-borne compounds or chemicals, viruses, bacteria, other pathogens, and toxins.
[0183] In some embodiments, the composition or drug combination involved in the present application is substantially free of serum and serum contaminants, such as serum proteins, serum lipids, serum carbohydrates, and serum antigens.
[0184] In some embodiments, the composition or drug combination involved in the present application is substantially free of pathogens, such as viruses, parasites, or bacteria.
[0185] In some embodiments, the composition or drug combination involved in the present application is substantially free of endotoxin.
[0186] In some embodiments, the composition or drug combination involved in the present application is sterile.
[0187] In some embodiments, the aforementioned composition or drug combination is used to prevent or treat obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, or to up-regulate the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, or to up-regulate the expression of UCP1 gene or protein, or to enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume, or to regulate the energy metabolism of the body, or to improve lipid metabolism.
[0188] In another embodiment of the present application, there is provided use of any one of the compounds of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, or any one of the compositions in the sixth embodiment, or any one of the drug combinations in the seventh embodiment in the preparation of a drug, wherein the aforementioned drug is used to prevent or treat obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, or to up-regulate the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, or to up-regulate the expression of the UCP1 gene or protein, or to enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume, or to regulate the energy metabolism of the body, or to improve lipid metabolism.
[0189] In some embodiments, the aforementioned metabolic complications include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome; the aforementioned obesity-related diseases include one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome, and fatty liver disease.
[0190] Among the aforementioned obesity-related diseases, cardiovascular disease includes atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, etc.; hyperlipidemia includes increased triglyceride levels, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood; insulin resistance syndrome includes hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc.; fatty liver disease includes metabolic-related (non-alcoholic) fatty liver, steatohepatitis and its related fibrosis and cirrhosis, etc.
[0191] In some embodiments, in the aforementioned use, the mass concentration of the aforementioned compound or microsphere or composition or drug combination in the drug is 0.1%to 80%, and optionally 30%to 70%.
[0192] In the aforementioned use, the drug prepared using the compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination involved in the present application can be administered together with other therapeutic agents.
[0193] In some embodiments, the drug prepared by the compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination involved in the present application is administered together with an antidiabetic drug, including but not limited to biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glitazones, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, SGLTL1 inhibitors, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and its analogues, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and insulin or insulin analogues.
[0194] In some embodiments, the drug prepared by the compound, microsphere, composition or drug combination involved in the present application is administered together with an anti-obesity drug, and the anti-obesity drug includes but is not limited to: peptide YY or its analogues, NPYR2 agonists, NPYR1 or NPYR5 agonists, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) agonists, lipase inhibitors, norepinephrine / dopamine reuptake inhibitors, opioid receptor antagonists, cholecystokinin agonists, amylin and its analogues, leptin and its analogues, serotonin drugs, methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitors, glucagon receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors.
[0195] In some embodiments, the drug prepared using the compound, microsphere, composition, or drug combination involved in the present application is administered with a lipid-lowering agent including, but not limited to, statins, bile acid binders, fibric acid derivatives, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, lipoprotein lipase inhibitors.
[0196] Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, or any one of the compositions in the sixth embodiment, or any one of the drug combinations in the seventh embodiment.
[0197] Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for up-regulating the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, or any one of the compositions in the sixth embodiment, or any one of the drug combinations in the seventh embodiment.
[0198] As described above, as a specific receptor for lactate, GPR81 has biological functions such as regulating adipocyte development and differentiation, inhibiting lipolysis, and inhibiting inflammatory responses. The GPR81 receptor agonist activates the GPR81 receptor to help it to more efficiently regulate energy metabolism and inhibit fat decomposition, which can reduces the release of free fatty acids, lowering blood lipid levels and improving metabolic diseases. The polymer comprising L-lactic acid structural units and the GPR81 receptor agonist have a synergistic effect in up-regulating the expression of GPR81 gene or protein.
[0199] Adipose tissue (or adipocytes) in mammals can be divided into white adipose tissue (or adipocytes) and brown adipose tissue (or adipocytes) according to different functional and morphological categories, and “brown adipose tissue (BAT) ” is also referred to as “brown adipose tissue” or “beige adipose tissue” .
[0200] Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for up-regulating the expression of UCP1 gene or protein, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, or any one of the compositions in the sixth embodiment, or any one of the drug combinations in the seventh embodiment.
[0201] It is generally believed that when maintaining body temperature in a cold environment or when there is a nutritional surplus caused by food energy, mammals consume energy mainly through the heat generation function of brown adipose tissue. The heat-generating capacity of brown adipose tissue mainly depends on the content of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) on the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipocytes. UCPs are a class of heat-generating proteins distributed in the inner mitochondrial membrane and play an important role in the regulation of heat generation and energy metabolism in mammals. UCP1 only exists in mammalian brown adipocytes. When the adrenaline receptor on the brown adipocyte membrane is activated by catecholamines released by nerve synapses, UCP1 will be activated. UCP1 will cause electron transfer of mitochondrial oxidative respiration and ATP to produce uncoupling effect, which will reduce the energy production efficiency of fatty acid oxidative metabolism and make most of the energy to be dissipated in the form of heat energy. The aforementioned compounds, microspheres, compositions or drug combinations can up-regulate the expression of UCP1 gene or protein with the following possible mechanism: the L-lactic acid produced after the degradation of the aforementioned compounds, microspheres, compositions or drug combinations can act as a signal molecule, which can promote the development and functioning of brown adipocytes by activating the signal pathway of key transcription factors (such as PPARγ) that regulate cell differentiation and metabolism in adipocytes, thereby increasing the expression of UCP1, improving the heat generation capacity of adipocytes, and achieving the effect of regulating lipid metabolism; or, during the intracellular metabolism process, L-lactic acid regulates the NADH / NAD+ ratio in the cells, thereby affecting the function and redox balance of mitochondria, activating mitochondrial biosynthesis-related pathways, and promoting the expression of UCP1, and thus enhancing the metabolic activity of adipocytes.
[0202] Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for enhancing the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reducing fat volume, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, or any one of the compositions in the sixth embodiment, or any one of the drug combinations in the seventh embodiment. The mechanism of browning of white adipose tissue is roughly as follows: by activating the “beige fat precursor cells” in the white adipose tissue to increase the number of mitochondria and the content of UCP1 protein, the color of the white adipose tissue will change from white to beige or brown. This process can accelerate the catabolism of fat, enhance the body's heat generation and energy consumption, reduce fat accumulation in the body, and thus play a role in resisting obesity. The aforementioned compounds or microspheres or compositions or drug combinations can enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume with the following possible mechanism: the L-lactic acid produced after the degradation of the aforementioned compounds or microspheres or compositions or drug combinations activates the AMPK signaling pathway in cells, thereby enhancing PGC-1α expression, promoting the synthesis of UCP1, inducing browning of adipocytes, and improving fatty acid oxidation and energy metabolism.
[0203] Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for regulating the energy metabolism of the body, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, or any one of the compositions in the sixth embodiment, or any one of the drug combinations in the seventh embodiment.
[0204] Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for improving lipid metabolism, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of any one of the compounds in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, or any one of the microspheres in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment, or any one of the compositions in the sixth embodiment, or any one of the drug combinations in the seventh embodiment.
[0205] Another embodiment of the present application provides use of a compound in the preparation of food, the aforementioned food is used for assisting in lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or losing weight, the compound is a polymer, and the polymer includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, and the aforementioned L-lactic acid repeating unit is This use is not intended directly to treat diseases. The compounds involved in the present application have good effects of reducing weight, increasing muscle mass and regulating glycolipid metabolism, and adding them to food can assist in lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or losing weight.
[0206] In the present application, “food” should have its broadest meaning, including ordinary food (such as processed food) and health food, can be animal food, plant food or mixed food, can be room temperature food, refrigerated food or frozen food, can be solid food, semi-solid food or beverage products, but not limited thereto.
[0207] In some embodiments, the food involved in the present application is preferably processed food or health food with high nutritional value, containing dietary fiber, vitamins or minerals.
[0208] In some embodiments, the aforementioned copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units includes one or more of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) , poly (L-lactide) -polyethylene glycol copolymer, polyethylene glycol-poly (L-lactide) -glycolic acid copolymer, poly (L-lactide) -chitosan copolymer, and lactide-caprolactone copolymer.
[0209] With the increase of molecular weight, the metabolic stability of the aforementioned polymers increases, but their effect will also be affected. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 400 Da, and / or less than or equal to 300 kDa. For example, the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising repeating L-lactic acid repeating units can be greater than or equal to 500 Da, greater than or equal to 1 kDa, greater than or equal to 5 kDa, greater than or equal to 10 kDa, greater than or equal to 50 kDa, and the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising repeating L-lactic acid repeating units can also be less than or equal to 250 kDa, less than or equal to 200 kDa, less than or equal to 180 kDa, less than or equal to 150 kDa, less than or equal to 100 kDa, etc.
[0210] In some embodiments, calculated by molar ratio, in the aforementioned copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 5%. For example, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%or 95%.
[0211] In some embodiments, the aforementioned food is food for reducing body fat percentage and / or improving muscle mass.
[0212] In some embodiments, the mass concentration of the aforementioned compound in the food is 0.1%to 80%, optionally 30%to 70%. For example, the mass concentration of the compound in the food can be 0.1%, 0.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 80%, etc.
[0213] In some embodiments, the aforementioned food comprises microspheres and the compound is present in the microspheres.
[0214] In some embodiments, the aforementioned microsphere has one or more of the following characteristics:
[0215] (1) the particle size of the microsphere is 10μm to 100μm;
[0216] (2) the DV50 particle size of the microsphere is 30μm to 60μm;
[0217] (3) the degradation time of the microspheres can be controlled to be 1 month to 2 years;
[0218] (4) taking more than 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 5 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm; preferably, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 3 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 3 μm.
[0219] Non-limiting examples of the aforementioned food include: fruit juice, bee products, instant drinks, tea drinks and functional drinks; carbohydrate-containing food, such as rice products, noodles, bread and cooked wheaten food; paste products, such as those containing ham, cereals, seafood; steamed bagged products, such as curry, food coated with thick starch sauce and Chinese soup; dairy products, such as milk, dairy drinks, ice cream and yogurt; fermented products, such as fermented soy milk, fermented drinks and pickles; bean products; various pastry and confectionery products, including biscuits, cookies, etc., candy, chewing gum, soft candy, cold desserts (including jelly, cream caramel and frozen desserts) ; instant food, such as instant soup and instant bean soup.
[0220] In addition to the above compounds, the food may include vitamins, probiotics, probiotics and / or food-acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
[0221] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only intended to exemplify and explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention are included in the scope that the present invention intends to protect.
[0222] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.
[0223] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.
[0224] Unless otherwise specified, if the specific techniques or conditions are not indicated in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or the product instructions shall be followed. The reagents and instruments used without indicating the manufacturer are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.
[0225] Unless otherwise specified, the statistical data involved in the examples are analyzed using Graphpad Prism software, and the statistical results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
[0226] Preparation Example 1 Preparation of PLLA microspheres
[0227] 10 g of poly (L-lactide) (PLLA, with a molecular weight of 10 kDa) was dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane to form a polymer solution. The polymer solution was added into 2000 mL of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass concentration of 1.0%, emulsified at 5000 rpm for 15 min, stirred for 6 h to remove dichloromethane, and placed in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain PLLA microspheres. SEM observation and measurement showed that the surface of the prepared PLLA microspheres was smooth, and the DV50 particle size of the microspheres was 30μm to 60μm.
[0228] Preparation Example 2 Preparation of PDLA microspheres
[0229] 10 g of poly (D-lactide) (PDLA, with a molecular weight of 10 kDa) was dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane to form a polymer solution. The polymer solution was added into 2000 mL of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass concentration of 1.0%, emulsified at 5000 rpm for 15 min, stirred for 6 h to remove dichloromethane, and placed in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain PDLA microspheres. SEM observation and measurement showed that the surface of the prepared PDLA microspheres was smooth, and the DV50 particle size of the microspheres was 30μm to 60μm.
[0230] Preparation Example 3 Preparation of PLGA microspheres
[0231] 10 g of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA, with a molecular weight of 10 kDa, the molar ratio of L-lactic acid to glycolic acid in its structural unit being about 3: 1) was dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane to form a polymer solution. The polymer solution was added into 2000 mL of an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution with a mass concentration of 1.0%, emulsified at 5000 rpm for 15 min, stirred for 6 h to remove dichloromethane, and placed in a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain PLGA microspheres. SEM observation and measurement showed that the surface of the prepared PLGA microspheres was smooth, and the DV50 particle size of the microspheres was 30μm to 60μm.
[0232] Preparation Example 4 Preparation of microsphere suspension for injection
[0233] 80 mg of the PLLA microspheres prepared in Preparation Example 1 were taken, and the PLLA microspheres were placed in a bottle together with 45 mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 145 mg of mannitol, and 5 mL of sterile water was added to obtain a suspension having a concentration of 1.5% (w / v) and containing 30% (w / w) PLLA microspheres. For the sake of simplicity, it is hereinafter referred to as “1.5% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” ;
[0234] 150 mg of the PLLA microspheres prepared in Preparation Example 1 were taken, and the PLLA microspheres were placed in a bottle together with 45 mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 145 mg of mannitol, and 5 mL of sterile water was added to obtain a suspension having a concentration of 3% (w / v) and containing 44% (w / w) PLLA microspheres. For the sake of simplicity, it is hereinafter referred to as “3% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” ;
[0235] 440 mg of the PLLA microspheres prepared in Preparation Example 1 were taken, and the PLLA microspheres were placed in a bottle together with 45 mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 145 mg of mannitol, and 5 mL of sterile water was added to obtain a suspension having a concentration of 8% (w / v) and containing 70% (w / w) PLLA microspheres. For the sake of simplicity, it is hereinafter referred to as “8% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” ;
[0236] 150 mg of the PDLA microspheres prepared in Preparation Example 2 were taken, and the PDLA microspheres were placed in a bottle together with 45 mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 145 mg of mannitol, and 5 mL of sterile water was added to obtain a suspension having a concentration of 3% (w / v) and containing 44% (w / w) PDLA microspheres. For the sake of simplicity, it is hereinafter referred to as “3% (w / v) PDLA microsphere injection” ;
[0237] 150 mg of the PLGA microspheres prepared in Preparation Example 3 were taken, and the PLGA microspheres were placed in a bottle together with 45 mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 145 mg of mannitol, and 5 mL of sterile water was added to obtain a suspension having a concentration of 3% (w / v) and containing 44% (w / w) PLGA microspheres. For the sake of simplicity, it is hereinafter referred to as “3% (w / v) PLGA microsphere injection” .
[0238] Preparation Example 5 Preparation of GPR81 receptor agonist working solution
[0239] The GPR81 receptor agonist used was GPR81 agonist 1 (CAS number: 1620992-67-7) purchased from MedChemExpress; 2 mg of the above GPR81 agonist 1 powder was taken and dissolved in 50 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to form a mother solution; 50 μL of the above mother solution was taken, 300 μL of polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG-300) was added thereto and mixed to give a clear liquid, 50 μL of Tween 80 was added and mixed to give a clear liquid, and 600 μL of ddH2O was added and mixed to give a GPR81 receptor agonist working solution (clear and transparent liquid) , which is referred to as “GPR81 agonist 1 injection” hereinafter for simplicity.
[0240] Example 1: Effects of a polymer comprising a L-lactic acid structural monomer and a drug combination comprising the polymer on preventing weight gain
[0241] (1) Establishment of an experimental animal model of C57BL / 6J male mice induced by high-fat diet
[0242] A total of 100 SPF-grade C57BL / 6 inbred male mice aged 6 to 8 weeks with an average body weight of 20 g (purchased from Jilin Genet-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ) were selected and housed in a sterile animal constant temperature room with a temperature of 24±2℃, a humidity of 55%-60%and a dark-light cycle of 12 h. The animals were adaptively raised for 7 days for subsequent experiments.
[0243] (2) Grouping and subcutaneous injection
[0244] The mice were randomly divided into 8 groups from A to H, with 10 mice in each group. The experimental results showed the differences in the effects of different medication regimens. Group A was the control group, and the rest were treatment groups. In each treatment group, at least one of the injections prepared above was administered to mice by subcutaneous injection. The injections for these groups are listed as follows:
[0245] Group A used 300 μL of normal saline, which was the control group;
[0246] Group B used 300 μL of the 3% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection in Preparation Example 4;
[0247] Group C used 300 μL of the 3% (w / v) PDLA microsphere injection in Preparation Example 4;
[0248] Group D used 300 μL of the 3% (w / v) PLGA microsphere injection in Preparation Example 4;
[0249] Group E used 100 μL of the GPR81 agonist 1 injection in Preparation Example 5;
[0250] Group F used 300 μL of the 3% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection in Preparation Example 4 and 100 μL of the GPR81 agonist 1 injection in Preparation Example 5, and the mass ratio of GPR81 agonist 1 to PLLA microsphere was 1: 45;
[0251] Group G used 300 μL of the 3% (w / v) PDLA microsphere injection in Preparation Example 4 and 100 μL of the GPR81 agonist 1 injection in Preparation Example 5, and the mass ratio of GPR81 agonist 1 to PDLA microsphere was 1: 45;
[0252] Group H used 300 μL of the 3% (w / v) PLGA microsphere injection in Preparation Example 4 and 100 μL of the GPR81 agonist 1 injection in Preparation Example 5, and the mass ratio of GPR81 agonist 1 to PLGA microsphere was 1: 45.
[0253] It should be pointed out that the remaining 20 mice were administered with 600 μL of the “1.5% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” in Preparation Example 4 and 110 μL of the “8% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” in Preparation Example 4, respectively. However, the analysis results showed that when “1.5% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” , “3% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” and “8% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” were administered, the injection dose was adjusted to keep the mass of PLLA microspheres in a single dosing consistent, and the effects of the above three administration modes on the physiological indicators of mice did not show statistical differences. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, only the effects of the “3% (w / v) PLLA microsphere injection” administration method are selected for specific presentation and explanation below.
[0254] The mice were anesthetized with anesthetics and fixed in a supine position. The abdomen was shaved and disinfected. The fat around the testicles was located by hand touch. A 30G microneedle was used to inject the injection at three points in a fan shape along three directions (10 o'clock, 12 o'clock, and 14 o'clock) . The points were evenly distributed in the fat area around the testicles.
[0255] (3) Analysis of weight change trend of mice
[0256] The day when the mice in these groups received the injection was set as day 0, and then they were fed with high-fat diet for 25 weeks. The body weight of the mice was recorded every week. The high-fat diet was purchased from Si Pei Fu (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., product number: D12492.
[0257] The results showed that during the experimental period, the weight of mice in each group showed an increasing trend, among which the weight of mice in group A (control group) and group C showed a more significant increasing trend, while the weight growth trend of mice in other treatment groups slowed down (the results are shown in Fig. 1A) . In addition, except for group C, the final weight of mice in the other groups was significantly different from that of the control group (the results are shown in Fig. 1B) . The body weight of mice in groups F and H decreased by 30.9%and 30.2%respectively compared with the control group, showing the best effects, better than group B (16.7%) , group D (17.1%) and group E (10.41%) . In group C, PDLA microsphere injection alone had no significant inhibitory effect on the weight gain of mice. The above results indicate that polymers comprising L-lactic acid structural monomers, including PLLA and PLGA, and GPR81 agonist 1 all have the effect of preventing weight gain, and the effect of combination administration of the aforementioned polymer and GPR81 agonist 1 is better than that of each of them alone. Therefore, the polymers comprising L-lactic acid structural monomers and GPR81 receptor agonists have a synergistic effect.
[0258] Example 2: Effects of a polymer comprising a L-lactic acid structural monomer and a drug combination comprising the polymer on regulating liquid metabolism
[0259] This example uses the animal experimental model and grouping method in Example 1. Similarly, the day when the mice in these groups received the injection was set as Day 0. After being fed with a high-fat diet for 25 consecutive weeks, the mice are weighed and blood was drawn from their eyes. The blood glucose, blood lactate, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acids and triglyceride levels were measured using kits. The results are shown in Fig. 2. The kits includes a glucose test kit (Art. No. A154-1-1) , a total cholesterol test kit (Art. No. A111-1-1) , a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol test kit (Art. No. A113-1-1) , a free fatty acid test kit (Art. No. A042-2-1) , and a triglyceride test kit (Art. No. A110-1-1) purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, and an L-lactic acid content test kit (Art. No. BC2230) purchased from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd.
[0260] (1) Determination of blood glucose levels in mice
[0261] Except for groups C and G, the blood glucose levels of mice in each treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (results shown in Fig. 2A) with statistically significant difference. Among them, the blood glucose lowering effects in groups F and H were the most obvious, 56.7%and 58%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the blood glucose levels in group B, group D and group E decreased by 37.2%, 38.4%and 12.2%, respectively. The results showed that polymers comprising L-lactic acid structural monomers including PLLA and PLGA, and GPR81 agonist 1, when administered alone, can regulate the blood glucose level of mice, and the effect of combination administration is more significant.
[0262] (2) Confirmation of drug safety
[0263] The blood lactate content of mice was measured, and the results are shown in Fig. 2B. The blood lactate content of mice in the experimental group receiving the polymer containing L-lactic acid structural units increased slightly, indicating that the polymer comprising L-lactic acid structural units was degraded in the body. In addition, the serum pH of mice was tested and it was found that it did not decrease significantly, and no liver function damage occurred, thus confirming the safety of polymers comprising L-lactic acid structural monomers, including PLLA and PLGA.
[0264] (3) Determination of blood lipid levels in mice
[0265] Except for group C, the total cholesterol (results shown in Fig. 2C) and free fatty acid (results shown in Fig. 2D) levels in the blood of mice in each treatment group were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group, and there was no significant difference in the results between group C and the control group. The comparison of the low-density lipoprotein content in the serum of mice in the treatment groups is shown in Fig. 2E. Except for group C and group G, the low-density lipoprotein content in the serum of mice in the other treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the control group with statistically significant difference. Among them, the down-regulation in group F and group H with combination administration, was more significant, 24.4%and 24.1%, respectively, significantly higher than that in group B (11.7%) , group D (10.9%) and group E (9.6%) with single-drug administration.
[0266] The comparison of triglyceride levels in the serum of mice in the treatment groups is shown in Fig. 2F. Except for group C, group E and group G, the triglyceride levels in the serum of mice in the other treatment groups were significantly increased compared with the control group, wherein, the up-regulation rate of group F and group H using combination administration was 40.3%and 39.1%, respectively, better than that of group B (22.6%) and group D (21.9%) . There was no significant difference in the triglyceride levels in the serum of mice in groups C, E and G compared with that in the control group. Combined with existing research, it can be seen that the lower triglyceride levels in the serum of mice in the control group may mean damaged liver function or abnormal fat metabolism in the body, affecting the body's energy supply and metabolic balance. Long-term metabolic abnormalities may increase the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Whether the polymers comprising L-lactic acid structural monomers such as PLLA and PLGA are administered alone or in combination, the triglyceride levels in the serum of mice can be improved. This indicates that the polymers comprising L-lactic acid structural monomers, including PLLA and PLGA, can regulate lipid metabolism in mice when administered alone or in combination with GPR81 agonists, and the regulatory effect of combination administration is more significant. However, PDLA alone, GPR81 agonist 1 alone or a combination of the two had no significant effect on regulating lipid metabolism in mice.
[0267] Example 3: Effects of a polymer comprising a L-lactic acid structural monomer and a drug combination comprising the polymer on reducing body fat percentage and improving muscle quality
[0268] (1) Analysis of the changing trend of body fat percentage in mice
[0269] This example uses the animal experimental model and grouping method in Example 1. Similarly, the day when the mice in these groups receiving the injection was set as Day 0. After being fed with a high-fat diet for 5 consecutive months, the mice were fixed in a test cylinder and the body fat percentage of the mice was detected and recorded using a QMR12-060H-I awake small animal body composition imaging analyzer (Suzhou Niumag) . The results are shown in Fig. 3.
[0270] The results showed that the body fat percentages of mice in groups B, D, E with single-drug administration, and groups F and H with combination administration, were lower than that of mice in the control group, and the effect of combination administration was particularly significant. There was no statistical difference in body fat percentage for the mice in group C with single-drug administration (PDLA microsphere injection) and group G with combination administration (PDLA microsphere injection + GPR81 agonist 1 injection) compared with the control group.
[0271] Accordingly, Fig. 4 can be used to compare the morphology of mice in the groups. Visual observation can tell that the mice in group B, group D, group F and group H in the second row are smaller in size and lighter in weight.
[0272] The aforementioned body fat percentage determination and morphological observation indicate that the polymer comprising L-lactic acid structural monomers and the drug combination thereof with GPR81 agonist 1 can control weight gain and inhibit the increase of body fat percentage.
[0273] (2) Observation and measurement of adipose tissue section by staining
[0274] After the body fat percentage measurement in (1) was completed, the mice were killed by cervical dislocation and fixed on a anatomic plate in a prone position. The fat at the groin and the fat at the scapula of the back were carefully separated and photographed and weighed. The adipose tissue collected as described above was fixed in 4%paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixative for 48 h, then dehydrated, and embedded with paraffin, and the adipose tissue was sliced. The adipose tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, then dehydrated and sealed, and the adipocytes were observed under a microscope and image acquisition and analysis were performed.
[0275] Fig. 5 shows the results of HE staining of white adipose tissue sections taken from the fat at the groin of mice in these groups. Compared with the control group, the white adipocyte area in the mice in groups B, D, F and H was significantly smaller, which means lower fat storage.
[0276] Fig. 6 shows the corresponding white adipocyte area measurements. The area of white adipocytes in group B, group D, group F and group H was significantly different from that in the control group, but group C, group E and group G were not statistically different from the control group.
[0277] Fig. 7 shows the results of HE staining of brown adipose tissue sections taken from the fat at the scapula of the back of mice in these groups. Except for group C, the number of brown fat cells in the mice in the other treatment groups increased to a certain extent compared with the control group, indicating increased body's energy consumption and metabolic rate, which helps to reduce the accumulation of fat in the body. Among them, in group F (PLLA microsphere injection +GPR81 agonist 1 injection) and group H (PLGA microsphere injection + GPR81 agonist 1 injection) , the combination administration resulted in a more significant increase in the number of brown adipocytes in mice.
[0278] (3) Analysis of the changing trend of mouse muscle mass and muscle mass index
[0279] After the mice were sacrificed, the mice were fixed on the anatomic plate in prone position, the hind limbs of the mice were sterilized and the bilateral gastrocnemius muscles were separated and taken, then rinsed in PBS buffer at 4℃ to remove blood and impurities. After there was no visible blood stain residue, the surface liquid was removed by light touch with filter paper. The muscle was placed on the weighing paper which was weighed in advance, and weighed with a preheated balance (accurately weighed to 0.0001g) , and the weighing should be completed in 5 min.
[0280] The mass of the unilateral gastrocnemius muscle was recorded as muscle mass, and the muscle mass index was calculated. Muscle mass index refers to the percentage of the muscle mass of the bilateral gastrocnemius muscles relative to the body weight of the mouse. Statistical analysis of muscle mass and muscle mass index of these groups is shown in Fig. 8.
[0281] As shown in Fig. 8, compared with the control group, the muscle mass of mice in groups B, D, F and H was increased with statistical significant difference; the muscle mass of mice in groups C, E and G was not affected by the medication (see Fig. 8A for details) . From the results of muscle mass index (see Fig. 8B for details) , it can also be found that compared with the control group, the muscle mass index of mice in groups B, D, F and H increased by 15.4%, 16.4%, 29.1%and 31.4%respectively, especially, groups F and H with combination administration showed significant increases, while the medication regimens of groups C (PDLA microsphere injection) , E (GPR81 agonist 1 injection) and G (PDLA microsphere injection + GPR81 agonist 1 injection) had no obvious effect on the muscle mass index of mice.
[0282] The results of this example show that the polymers comprising L-lactic acid structural monomers, including PLLA and PLGA, have the effects of reducing fat volume, promoting browning of white adipose tissue, and improving lipid metabolism and muscle quality, and the effects are better when used in combination with GPR81 receptor agonists.
[0283] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and embodiments having substantially the same configuration and exhibiting the same functions and effects as the technical ideas within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application are included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, various modifications conceivable to those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other embodiments constructed by combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1.A compound having the effect of preventing fat and / or weight gain while maintaining muscle mass in a subject, wherein the compound is poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, and the subject is a mammal.2.A compound for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, wherein the compound is a polymer, the polymer includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the L-lactic acid repeating unit is optionally, the metabolic complications include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome; the obesity-related diseases include one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome and fatty liver disease; the subject of interest of the polymer includes mammals.3.The compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units includes one or more of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) , poly (L-lactide) -polyethylene glycol copolymer, polyethylene glycol-poly (L-lactide) -glycolic acid copolymer, poly (L-lactide) -chitosan copolymer, and lactide-caprolactone copolymer.4.The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 400 Da, and / or less than or equal to 300 kDa.5.The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein calculated by molar ratio, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 5%.6.A microsphere having the effect of preventing a subject from gaining fat and / or weight while maintaining muscle mass, wherein the microsphere comprises the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere has a particle size of at least about 10 μm, the microsphere has a smooth surface, and the smooth surface means that on at least 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions with a height not exceeding 1 to 3 μm does not exceed 50; preferably, the degradation time of the microsphere is controlled to be 1 month to 2 years.7.A microsphere for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, comprising the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein preferably, the microsphere has one or more of the following characteristics:(1) the particle size of the microsphere is 10μm to 100μm;(2) the DV50 particle size of the microsphere is 30μm to 60μm;(3) the degradation time of the microsphere is controlled to be 1 month to 2 years;(4) taking more than 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 5 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm; preferably, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 3 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 3 μm.8.Use of a compound in the preparation of a drug or food, wherein the drug is used for lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids and / or preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, the food is used for assisting in lowering blood glucose, reducing blood lipids and / or losing weight, the compound is a polymer, the polymer includes poly (L-lactide) or a copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the L-lactic acid repeating unit is optionally, the metabolic complications include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome; the obesity-related diseases include one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome and fatty liver disease.9.The use according to claim 8, wherein the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units includes one or more of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) , poly (L-lactide) -polyethylene glycol copolymer, polyethylene glycol-poly (L-lactide) -glycolic acid copolymer, poly (L-lactide) -chitosan copolymer, and lactide-caprolactone copolymer.10.The use according to claim 8 to 9, wherein the molecular weight of the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 400 Da, and / or less than or equal to 300 kDa.11.The use according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein calculated by molar ratio, in the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units, the proportion of L-lactic acid repeating units is greater than or equal to 5%.12.The use according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the drug is a drug for reducing body fat percentage and / or improving muscle quality, and the food is food for reducing body fat percentage and / or improving muscle quality.13.The use according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the mass concentration of the compound in the drug or the food is 0.1%to 80%, and optionally 30%to 70%.14.The use according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the drug is in the form of a formulation, and the formulation includes an injection or an oral formulation.15.The use according to claim 14, wherein the drug further comprises an excipient, and the excipient includes at least one of a stabilizer, a filler, a binder or a surfactant.16.The use according to any one of claims 8 to 15, wherein the drug or the food comprises microspheres, and the poly (L-lactide) or the copolymer comprising L-lactic acid repeating units is present in the microspheres.17.The use according to claim 16, wherein the microsphere has one or more of the following characteristics:(1) the particle size of the microsphere is 10μm to 100μm;(2) the DV50 particle size of the microsphere is 30μm to 60μm;(3) the degradation time of the microsphere is controlled to be 1 month to 2 years;(4) taking more than 10 microspheres, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 5 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 5 μm; preferably, the number of protrusions on the surface of a single microsphere with a height not exceeding 3 μm does not exceed 50, and there is no protrusion with a height exceeding 3 μm.18.A composition having the effect of preventing a subject from gaining fat and / or weight while maintaining muscle mass, wherein the composition comprises the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the microsphere according to any one of claims 6 to 7 and at least one GPR81 receptor agonist.19.A drug combination, comprising the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the microsphere according to any one of claims 6 to 7 and a GPR81 receptor agonist.20.The composition according to claim 18 or the drug combination according to claim 19, wherein the GPR81 receptor agonist includes one or more of GPR81 agonist 1, GPR81 agonist 2, 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.21.The composition according to claim 18 or 20 or the drug combination according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the mass ratio of the GPR81 receptor agonist to the compound is 1: 10 to 1: 100.22.The drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the drug combination is administered by any one of the following modes: the compound and the GPR81 receptor agonist are administered simultaneously, separately or sequentially.23.The drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein the drug combination includes a compound formulation of the compound and the GPR81 receptor agonist, or the drug combination includes a first formulation and a second formulation that are independent of each other, the compound is present in the first formulation, and the GPR81 receptor agonist is present in the second formulation.24.The drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the dosage form of the drug combination is an oral dosage form, an injection dosage form, or a combination of an oral dosage form and an injection dosage form.25.Use of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere according to claim 6 or 7, the composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21, or the drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 24 in the preparation of a drug for preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, or for up-regulating the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, or for up-regulating the expression of the UCP1 gene or protein, or for enhancing the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reducing fat volume, or for regulating the energy metabolism of the body, or for improving lipid metabolism; optionally, the metabolic complications include one or more of diabetes, obesity-related diseases, and metabolic syndrome; further optionally, the obesity-related diseases include one or more of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance syndrome, and fatty liver disease.26.The use according to claim 25, wherein the mass concentration of the compound, the microsphere, the composition or the drug combination in the drug is 0.1%to 80%, and optionally 30%to 70%.27.The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere according to claim 6 or 7, the composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21, or the drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 24, wherein the compound, the microsphere, the composition or the drug combination is used to prevent or treat obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, or to up-regulate the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, or to up-regulate the expression of the UCP1 gene or protein, or to enhance the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reduce fat volume, or to regulate the energy metabolism of the body, or to improve lipid metabolism.28.A method for preventing or treating obesity or metabolic complications caused by obesity, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere according to claim 6 or 7, the composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21 or the drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 24.29.A method for up-regulating the expression of GPR81 gene or protein, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere according to claim 6 or 7, the composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21 or the drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 24.30.A method for up-regulating the expression of the UCP1 gene or protein, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere according to claim 6 or 7, the composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21 or the drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 24.31.A method for enhancing the browning of white adipose tissue and / or reducing fat volume, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere according to claim 6 or 7, the composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21 or the drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 24.32.A method for regulating the energy metabolism of the body, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere according to claim 6 or 7, the composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21 or the drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 24.33.A method for improving lipid metabolism, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the microsphere according to claim 6 or 7, the composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21 or the drug combination according to any one of claims 19 to 24.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Polymer-based therapeutics for inductive browning of fat
WO2017075136A1