Encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules

Abstract

The present document describes a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said hydrophobic molecule in an aqueous media. The capsule comprises biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides. These biological molecules form a hydrophobic core encapsulating the hydrophobic molecule and outer shell layer providing water compatibility. The capsules have a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 µm.

Description

File No. P7236PC00ENCAPSULATION OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULESCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority from and the benefit of US provisional patent applications Nos. 63 / 715,819 and 63 / 715,825 filed on November 4, 2024, and No. 63 / 843,627, filed on July 14, 2025, the specifications of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND(a) Field

[0002] The subject matter disclosed generally relates to processes for the encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule into a capsule, and more specifically to processes for the encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule into a capsule formed from biological molecules from biological material of plurality of yeast fermentation bioreactor materials, as well as systems for performing the encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule into a capsule formed from biological molecules from yeast fermentation bioreactor materials as biological material.(b) Related Prior Art

[0003] Disclosed herein are processes and system for the encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules for formulation developments utilizing molecules from one or a plurality of biological matter of yeast fermentation bioreactor materials to formulate biological capsules encapsulating hydrophobic molecules.

[0004] The delivery of hydrophobic bioactive molecules in water-based media requires emulsification and encapsulation technologies that require surfactant and emulsifier molecules. These molecules make ultra-tiny droplets encapsulating the hydrophobic molecules in a structure that is energetically stable and structurally sufficiently resilient to always be in the state of Brownian Motion or in a colloidal state of suspension in water, without getting stuck to each other, merge, aggregate, precipitate, or flocculate together, or bind to the walls of the container over time. Many commonly used surfactants in emulsification or encapsulation excipients are derived from petroleum-based chemicals and or synthetic molecules, which are often toxic.

[0005] There is a trend for cleaner and greener alternatives to current emulsification and encapsulation systems utilizing these synthetic surfactant and emulsifier. A most preferred solution to this problem would be one completely devoid of any synthetic surfactants or emulsifiers and carrier oils used for encapsulating hydrophobic compounds of interest in current art.SUMMARYFile No.: P7236PC00

[0006] According to an embodiment, there is provided a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said hydrophobic molecule in an aqueous media, said capsule comprising biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides, forming a hydrophobic core encapsulating said hydrophobic molecule, and comprising from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2 to about 31% (w / w) of said terpenoids; and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility, said capsules having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm.

[0007] The capsule may comprise biological molecules that may further comprise shikimates, phenylpropanoids, carbohydrates, sphingolipids, nucleosides, polyketides or a combination thereof.

[0008] The capsule may encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule that is an insoluble molecule or a sparsely soluble molecule with solubility limit less than 20 mg / L of water.

[0009] The capsule may encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule that has a molecular weight < 3 kDa.

[0010] The capsule may comprise biological molecules that are extracted from a yeast fermentation bioreactor material.

[0011] The capsule may comprise biological molecules that are extracted without use of any surfactants or emulsifiers or carrier oils.

[0012] The capsule may encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule that may be a nutraceutical product, a food product, a cosmetic product, or combinations thereof.

[0013] The capsule may encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule that is a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, a herbicide compound, and / or an anti-microbial compound.

[0014] The capsule may encapsulate two or more hydrophobic molecules.

[0015] The capsule may be a plurality of capsules having a homogeneous size distribution, or a uniformly disperse size distribution.

[0016] The capsule may have homogeneous size distribution corresponding to a polydispersity index (PDI) less than or equal to 0.7, more generally less than or equal to 0.3.

[0017] In another embodiment, provided herein is a composition for use in management of poultry and / or agricultural pest and disease, that may comprise the capsule and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the hydrophobic molecule is a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, a herbicide compound, and / or an anti-microbial compound.File No.: P7236PC00

[0018] In another embodiment, provided herein is a method for managing agricultural pest and diseases, said method comprising contacting a plant having a pest and / or a disease with a composition, said composition comprising an anti-microbial compound and a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said anti-microbial compound in an aqueous media, the capsule comprising biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides, forming a hydrophobic core encapsulating said anti-microbial compound and from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2% to about 31% (w / w) of said terpenoids and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility, said capsules having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm.

[0019] In another embodiment, provided herein is a method for managing poultry, the method comprising contacting the poultry with a composition, the composition comprising a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, and / or an anti-microbial compound, and a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said pesticide compound, said fungicide compound, said herbicide compound, and / or said anti-microbial compound, the capsule comprising biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides, forming a hydrophobic core encapsulating said pesticide compound, said fungicide compound, and / or said antimicrobial compound, and from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2% to about 31% (w / w) of said terpenoids, and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility, said capsules having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm.

[0020] The composition for use in management of poultry and / or agricultural pest and disease may be free of surfactant.

[0021] In another embodiment, provided herein is a method for solubilization of a hydrophobic molecule, comprising contacting the hydrophobic molecule with a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule and comprising biological molecules comprising an alkaloid, a terpenoid, a fatty acid and an amino acids and peptide to form a water compatible and soluble capsule comprising a hydrophobic core encapsulating said product, and from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloid and from about 2% to about 31 % (w / w) of said terpenoid; and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acid and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acid and peptide; said water compatible and soluble capsule having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm, wherein said hydrophobic molecule is a nutraceutical compound, a pharmaceutical compound, a compound for use in a food product, a compound for use in a cosmetic product, or combinations thereof.File No.: P7236PC00

[0022] The method for managing agricultural pest and diseases, the method for managing poultry, and method for solubilization of a hydrophobic molecule may comprise a composition of the water compatible and soluble capsule that is free of surfactant.

[0023] The composition for use in management of poultry and / or agricultural pest and disease may be for a pest selected from nematodes, arthropods, bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites.

[0024] The following terms are defined below.

[0025] The use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one”, but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more”, “at least one”, and “one or more than one”. Similarly, the word “another” may mean at least a second or more.

[0026] As used in this specification and claim(s), the words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “include” and “includes”) or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contain” and “contains”), are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or process steps.

[0027] The term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes an inherent variation of error for the device or the method being employed to determine the value.

[0028] It is noted that terms like “preferably”, “commonly”, and “typically” are not utilized herein to limit the scope of the claimed invention or to imply that certain features are critical, essential, or even important to the structure or function of the claimed invention. Rather, these terms are merely intended to highlight alternative or additional features that can or cannot be utilized in a particular embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] For the purposes of describing and defining the present invention it is noted that the term “substantially” is utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that can be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. The term “substantially” is also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation can vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue.

[0030] The term “formulation” as used herein is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts. Further theFile No.: P7236PC00 formulation refers to the mixture wherein the substances in the mixture do not react with each other but have desirable properties as a mixture. Such term in relation to pharmaceutical composition is intended to encompass any composition made by admixing the formulation of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. By “pharmaceutically acceptable” or “acceptable” it is meant the carrier, diluent or excipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.

[0031] The term “capsule” as used herein is intended to mean a membrane which surrounds the hydrophobic molecule. As used herein, the term “encapsulate” is intended to mean to enclose in or as if in a capsule.

[0032] The term “hydrophobic molecule” is intended to mean a molecule that is non-polar and that does not mix with water. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic molecules are defined as insoluble and sparsely soluble molecules with solubility limit less than 20 mg per litre of water at room temperature. According to another embodiment, the hydrophobic molecules may be molecules of molecular weight equal to or less than 3 kDa (< 3 kDa). According to embodiments, the hydrophobic molecules may be pesticide, a fungicide, a herbicide, an antimicrobial, a drug, a nutrient, a hydrophobic plant extract, or combinations thereof. In embodiments, the hydrophobic molecules may be free of an emulsifier, a carrier oil, or combinations thereof. Examples of such pesticides include but are not limited to Chlorantraniliprole, Chlorpyrifos, Fipronil, Permethrin, Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, Bifenthrin, p,p'- DDT, Dieldrin, Endosulfan (a / p mix), Lindane (y-HCH), Trifluralin, Pendimethalin, Dithiopyr, and their combinations. Examples of such fungicides include but are not limited to Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Fenamidone, Cyproconazole, Propiconazole, Difenoconazole, Myclobutanil, Flusilazole, Bitertanol, Fenarimol, Iprodione, Vinclozolin, Captan, Folpet, Chlorothalonil, Quintozene (PCNB), Mancozeb, Metalaxyl-M (Mefenoxam), Fenhexamid, and their combinations. Examples of such herbicides include but are not limited to Trifluralin, Pendimethalin, Dithiopyr, Oxyfluorfen, Butachlor, Alachlor, Metolachlor, Propachlor, Acetochlor, Diflufenican, Flurochloridone, Norflurazon, Chlorotoluron, Linuron, Diuron, Fluometuron, Prodiamine, Ethofumesate, Triallate, Thiobencarb, and their combinations. Examples of such antimicrobial agents include but are not limited to Antimycin A, Salinomycin, Triclosan, Triclocarban, Hexachlorophene, Chlorhexidine base, Bronopol, Oxybisphenoxarsine (OBPA), 2-Phenylphenol (o-phenylphenol), Dichlorophene, Isothiazolinone (octylisothiazolinone), Methylisothiazolinone, Benzalkonium chloride (long-chain forms, e.g. Ci6-Cis), PCMX (para-chloro-meta-xylenol), Thymol, Eugenol, Chloroxylenol, Phenoxyethanol, Phenol, Cresol, Benzyl-2-chlorophenol, and their combinations. Examples of such drugs include but are not limited to Carvedilol, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Celecoxib, Carbamazepine, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Fluoxetine,File No.: P7236PC00Sertraline, Paroxetine, Amitriptyline, Propranolol, Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil, Tamoxifen, Warfarin, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Testosterone, Estradiol, Ethinylestradiol, Caffeine, Theophylline, and their combinations. Examples of such nutrients include but are not limited to Vitamin A (retinol), Vitamin D3(cholecalciferol), Vitamin E (a-tocopherol), Vitamin Ki (phylloquinone), Coenzyme Qi0(ubiquinone), p-Carotene, Lycopene, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Astaxanthin, Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA), Cholesterol, Phytosterols (P-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol), Retinyl palmitate, Tocotrienols, Menadione, Folic acid (low solubility form), Biotin, Niacinamide, a-Lipoic acid, fatty acids (ex. corn oil) and their combinations. Examples of such hydrophobic plant extracts include but are not limited to Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Apigenin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Genistein, Catechin (hydrophobic forms), Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), Capsaicin, Piperine, Eugenol, Thymol, Carvacrol, Menthol, Limonene, Linalool, Geraniol, Citronellol, Farnesol, Squalene, p- Caryophyllene, a-Pinene, Myrcene, Camphor, Safranal, Vanillin, Coumarin, Boswellic acids, Guggulsterone, and their combinations. Preferably, the hydrophobic molecules may be those used in cosmetics (e.g., Vitamin E (a-tocopherol), Tocotrienols, Retinol (Vitamin A), Retinyl palmitate, Coenzyme Qi0(Ubiquinone), Squalene, Squalane, Linalool, Limonene, Geraniol, Citronellol, Farnesol, Nerolidol, Myrcene, P-Caryophyllene, a-Pinene, Eugenol, Thymol, Carvacrol, Menthol, Coumarin, Vanillin, Safranal, Isoamyl laurate, Caprylic / capric triglycerides, Phytosterols (p-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol), Ceramides, Cholesterol.), as food additives (Limonene, Linalool, Geraniol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Thymol, Carvacrol, Menthol, Vanillin, Coumarin, Cinnamaldehyde, Anethole, Capsaicin, Piperine, Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Apigenin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, p-Carotene, Lycopene, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Retinyl palmitate, a-Tocopherol, Coenzyme Qi0, Squalene, Phytosterols), as nutraceutical and / or health products (Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Apigenin, Genistein, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Catechin, EGCG, Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), Piperine, Capsaicin, Boswellic acids, Guggulsterone, Coenzyme Qi0, a-Lipoic acid, Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA), Vitamin A (retinol), Vitamin D3(cholecalciferol), Vitamin E (tocopherol), Vitamin Ki (phylloquinone), Carotenoids (P-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin), Phytosterols, Squalene, Polyprenols).

[0033] The term “dispersity”, used herein refers to the measure of the heterogeneity of sizes of molecules or particles in a mixture, particularly in a mixture of particles of the present invention.

[0034] The dispersity (D) was formerly referred to as the polydispersity index (PDI) is an unitless number to scale homogeneity of hydrodynamic diameter of a particle population wherein highest point 1.0 refer to most heterogeneous particles preset, 0.05 refers to most homogeneous particles present in the said formulation in water. According to embodiments of the present invention,File No.: P7236PC00 the dispersity of the size of the particles generated by the process of the present invention is a D value equal to or of less than 0.7 (< 0.7). For example, the E) value may be from about 0.05 to about 0.7, or from about 0.1 to about 0.7, or from about 0.15 to about 0.7, or from about 0.2 to about 0.7, or from about 0.25 to about 0.7, or from about 0.3 to about 0.7, or from about 0.35 to about 0.7, or from about 0.4 to about 0.7, or from about 0.45 to about 0.7, or from about 0.5 to about 0.7, or from about 0.55 to about 0.7, or from about 0.6 to about 0.7, or from about 0.65 to about 0.7, or from about 0.05 to about 0.65, or from about 0.1 to about 0.65, or from about 0.15 to about 0.65, or from about 0.2 to about 0.65, or from about 0.25 to about 0.65, or from about 0.3 to about 0.65, or from about 0.35 to about 0.65, or from about 0.4 to about 0.65, or from about 0.45 to about 0.65, or from about 0.5 to about 0.65, or from about 0.55 to about 0.65, or from about 0.6 to about 0.65, or from about 0.05 to about 0.60, or from about 0.1 to about 0.60, or from about 0.15 to about 0.60, or from about 0.2 to about 0.60, or from about 0.25 to about 0.60, or from about 0.3 to about 0.60, or from about 0.35 to about 0.60, or from about 0.4 to about 0.60, or from about 0.45 to about 0.60, or from about 0.5 to about 0.60, or from about 0.55 to about 0.60, or from about 0.05 to about 0.55, or from about 0.1 to about 0.55, or from about 0.15 to about 0.55, or from about 0.2 to about 0.55, or from about 0.25 to about 0.55, or from about 0.3 to about 0.55, or from about 0.35 to about 0.55, or from about 0.4 to about 0.55, or from about 0.45 to about 0.55, or from about 0.5 to about 0.55, or from about 0.05 to about 0.50, or from about 0.1 to about 0.50, or from about 0.15 to about 0.50, or from about 0.2 to about 0.50, or from about 0.25 to about 0.50, or from about 0.3 to about 0.50, or from about 0.35 to about 0.50, or from about 0.4 to about 0.50, or from about 0.45 to about 0.50, or from about 0.05 to about 0.45, or from about 0.1 to about 0.45, or from about 0.15 to about 0.45, or from about 0.2 to about 0.45, or from about 0.25 to about 0.45, or from about 0.3 to about 0.45, or from about 0.35 to about 0.45, or from about 0.4 to about 0.45, or from about 0.05 to about 0.40, or from about 0.1 to about 0.40, or from about 0.15 to about 0.40, or from about 0.2 to about 0.40, or from about 0.25 to about 0.40, or from about 0.3 to about 0.40, or from about 0.35 to about 0.40, or from about 0.05 to about 0.35, or from about 0.1 to about 0.35, or from about 0.15 to about 0.35, or from about 0.2 to about 0.35, or from about 0.25 to about 0.35, or from about 0.3 to about 0.35, or from about 0.05 to about 0.30, or from about 0.1 to about 0.30, or from about 0.15 to about 0.30, or from about 0.2 to about 0.30, or from about 0.25 to about 0.30, or from about 0.05 to about 0.25, or from about 0.1 to about 0.25, or from about 0.15 to about 0.25, or from about 0.2 to about 0.25, or from about 0.05 to about 0.2, or from about 0.1 to about 0.2, or from about 0.15 to about 0.2, or from about 0.05 to about 0.15, or from about 0.1 to about 0.15, from about 0.05 to about 0.1 , or at least about 0.05, 0.1 , 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, or 0.7.

[0035] The terms “fermentation bioreactor material”, “yeast fermentation bioreactor materials” and “biological material” and “biomass” are intended to mean solid non-liquid parts and portions ofFile No.: P7236PC00 material obtained from a biological entity that was biologically grown in a bioreactor setting where plant materials as nutrients are used to grow yeast and the solid materials thus generate. The plant biological entity is a multicellular entity. In embodiments, the plant biological material or multicellular biological material may be from biological origin such as multiple plants, grains, leaves and crude extracts of sugary plants like sugarcane or beetroot etc. In some aspects of the invention the yeast fermentation bioreactor materials include, but is not limited to yeast, leaf, stem, root, grain of plants, plant extracts, cells, tissues or plants, for example, but not limited to, callus culture, bioreactor grown or cultured cellmass or tissue or artificially conditioned cultured plant etc. In some embodiment, the biological matter includes bulk masses and aggregations of unicellular organisms including but not limited to masses and aggregations of yeasts, plant grains, leaves, roots and other parts thereof.

[0036] For example, when the biological material is from plants such as plant-based food for yeast bioreactors, therapeutic plants, edible-plants, medicinal plants, pharmaceutically important plants, cosmetically important plants, or parts thereof. Embodiments it may be the whole plant, or parts of a plant (e.g., the flowers, leaves, stems, branches, fruits, fruit skin, seeds, meristem, pulp, and roots), combinations of parts of plants from the same part or from different parts.

[0037] In some aspects of the invention, the biological material may be of a soft yet solid texture. In another aspect, biological material may comprise some moisture content. In other aspects of the invention the fermentation bioreactor material includes, but is not limited to, preserved biological mass or their parts thereof as frozen, lyophilized, or dried conditions prior to the process of the invention.

[0038] The term “solvent” is intended to mean a liquid that has the ability to dissolve, suspend, or extract other materials, without chemical change to the material or solvent. According to an embodiment, a first solvent may be used to contact the bulk biological material and obtain a mixture of soluble biological molecules, the hydrophobic molecule may be dissolved in a second solvent, and a third solvent may be used to cause formation of the capsules by self-aggregation of the biological molecules and encapsulation of the hydrophobic molecule in the formed capsules.

[0039] The terms “negative pressure” or “negative air pressure” are intended to refer to conditions whereby the air pressure is lower in one place in comparison to another. According to the present invention’s embodiments, the negative air pressure refers to the pressure inside the container containing the solvent contacted solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material, where the air pressure inside this container is lower than the pressure outside the container, causing air to flow into the containerwhen the seal is released. The negative pressure treatment effected on the solvent contacted bulk multicellular biological material may be from about -1 kPa to about -200 kPa.File No.: P7236PC00

[0040] The term “vacuum””, as used herein is synonymous with “negative pressure” or “negative air pressure”. As described herein, the term means that vacuum condition is created by removing gaseous phase inside the container, on top of the first solvent contacted mildly homogenized bulk multicellular biological material, using a suction devise attached to the container, for example.

[0041] The term “release” is intended to mean that the pressure inside the container is returned to atmospheric pressure and that no negative pressure remains in the container.

[0042] The terms “contact”, “contacting” or “contacted” are intended to refer to the action of physically touching. For example, with respect to the present invention, the biological material is contacted with the first solvent, which may include resuspending, submerging in whole or in part the biological material in the solvent.

[0043] The term “mixture of soluble biological molecules” is intended to refer to the solution of “soluble biological molecules” obtained after removing the fermentation bioreactor material through separation (e.g., filtration such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration) process for clearing from the solution of first solvent.

[0044] The term “microfiltration” is intended to mean the physical filtration process where a fluid is passed through a micrometer (micron) pore-sized from about 0.1 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.5 pm, or about 0.1 pm to about 0.45 pm, or about 0.1 pm to about 0.2 pm.

[0045] The term “ultrafiltration” refers to the membrane filtration process in which forces like pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). This separation process is used in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macromolecular (103- 106Da) solutions, especially protein solutions.

[0046] The terms “vessel” and “tank” refer to a container having a closing lid and plurality of connection ports, wherein connection ports refer to pipe connection fitting areas to attach pipes to carry and flow liquid in and out of the vessel or tank.

[0047] The term “shikimate” refers to a key intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway, which is a crucial metabolic pathway used by bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, some protozoans, and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids. Shikimic acid’s molecular formula is C7H10O5.File No.: P7236PC00

[0048] The term “phenylpropanoid” refers to a diverse SubClass of plant secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine. Phenylpropanoids have a structure that consists of a three- carbon propanoid chain attached to a phenolic ring.

[0049] The term “carbohydrate” refers to organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically following the general formula Cm(H2O)n, where m and n are positive integers.

[0050] The term “sphingolipid” refers to a SubClass of lipids characterized by a backbone of sphingoid bases, which are a set of aliphatic amino alcohols that includes sphingosine.

[0051] The term “nucleoside” refers to a structural unit of nucleic acids, composed of two main components: 1) nitrogenous base: this can be a purine (adenine or guanine) or a pyrimidine (cytosine, thymine, or uracil) and 2) sugar, typically either ribose (in RNA) or deoxyribose (in DNA). Nucleosides are formed when the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar molecule via a glycosidic bond.

[0052] The term “polyketide” refers to a diverse group of secondary metabolites produced by many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and plants. They are a SubClass of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (>C=O, or its reduced forms) and methylene ( >CH 2) groups: [-C(=O)-CH 2-]n.

[0053] The term “loading efficiency” or encapsulation efficiency (%) refers to the mass of drug as a percentage present in the delivery system or in the capsule out of the total available drug for encapsulation. The loading efficiency (LE%) can be calculated with the equation (1), where l / l / tis the weight of the total amount of compound available for encapsulation and I 4 is the weight of the total encapsulated compound.LE% = 144 / 14 x 100 (1)

[0054] Features and advantages of the subject matter hereof will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of selected embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying figures. As will be realized, the subject matter disclosed and claimed is capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the drawings and the description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive and the full scope of the subject matter is set forth in the claims.

[0055] Features and advantages of the subject matter hereof will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of selected embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying figures. As will be realized, the subject matter disclosed and claimed is capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the drawings and theFile No.: P7236PC00 description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive and the full scope of the subject matter is set forth in the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Further features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:

[0057] Figure 1A illustrates the identification of constituent biological molecules of Encapsulant-1 , obtained using untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Using Nano-LC-MS / MS to determine SubClasses of molecules present in relative abundance.

[0058] Figure 1 B illustrates the identification of constituent biological molecules of Encapsulant-2, obtained using untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Using Nano-LC-MS / MS to determine SubClasses of molecules present in relative abundance.

[0059] Figure 1C illustrates the identification of constituent biological molecules of Encapsulant-3, obtained using untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Using Nano-LC-MS / MS to determine SubClasses of molecules present in relative abundance.

[0060] Figure 2A illustrates a concentration curve for fluorescence spectroscopic measurements of relative fluorescent units of different concentrations of curcumin.

[0061] Figure 2B illustrates the RFU of 10 times diluted flow-through representing free nonencapsulated curcumin present (RFU 2413) and 10 times diluted encapsulated curcumin present (RFU 38856) in the formulation, which is about 16 time less than the encapsulated curcumin or in otherwords 16 part out of 17 parts were encapsulated, which is about 94.11 encapsulation efficiency.

[0062] Figure 2C illustrates transmission electron microscopy photograph of the curcumin encapsulated formulation.

[0063] Figure 2D illustrates, on the left panel, particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameterof the said curcumin encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS), and on the right panel, Raw Correlation Data of the above panel indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population.

[0064] Figure 3A illustrates a concentration curve for fluorescence spectroscopic measurements of relative fluorescent units of different concentrations of carvedilol.

[0065] Figure 3B illustrates the RFU of 10 times diluted flow-through representing free nonencapsulated carvedilol present (RFU 301) and 10 times diluted encapsulated carvedilol present (RFU 41427) in the formulation, which is about 16 time less than the encapsulated carvedilol.File No.: P7236PC00

[0066] Figure 3C shows particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the said carvedilol encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS).

[0067] Figure 3D illustrates Raw Correlation Data of the latter sample indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population.

[0068] Figure 3E illustrates the Raw Correlation Data of the 300 kDa spin-filter flow-through having very poor correlation indicating no particles and results do not meet quality criteria.

[0069] Figure 4A illustrates liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) results of encapsulated Antimycin A. Capsule matrix interference was found to be approximately 1 .6% with Antimycin A.

[0070] Figure 4B illustrates particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the said Antimycin A encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS).

[0071] Figure 5A illustrates liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) results of encapsulated Salinomycin. Capsule matrix interference was found to be approximately 4.0% with Salinomycin.

[0072] Figure 5B illustrates a transmission electron microscopy photograph of the Salinomycin encapsulated formulation.

[0073] Figure 5C illustrates, on the upper panel, particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the said Salinomycin encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS) and bottom panel showing Raw Correlation Data of the above panel indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population.

[0074] Figure 5D is showing particles after dialysis for four days: in the upper panel, particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the said Salinomycin encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS) and bottom panel showing Raw Correlation Data of the above panel indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population.

[0075] Figure 6A illustrates liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) results of encapsulated Chlorantraniliprole. Capsule matrix interference was found to be approximately 24% with Chlorantraniliprole.

[0076] Figure 6B illustrates particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the said Chlorantraniliprole encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS) the hydrodynamic diameter is presented as Z-average (nm) and PDI is polydispersity index.File No.: P7236PC00

[0077] Figure 7 illustrates the resultant formulation of encapsulated corn oil as photographed using microscopy.

[0078] Figure 8A illustrates size distribution by intensity of encapsulated Vitamin A and Vitamin E.

[0079] Figure 8B illustrates Raw Correlation Data of the said Vitamin A and Vitamin E formulation indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population (nm) and PDI is polydispersity index.

[0080] Figure 9 illustrates a schematic of the capsule.

[0081] It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The present invention is directed to a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said hydrophobic molecule in an aqueous media, said capsule comprising biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides, forming a hydrophobic core encapsulating said hydrophobic molecule, and comprising from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2 to about 31 % (w / w) of said terpenoids, and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility, said capsules having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm.

[0083] The capsule may comprise biological molecules that may further comprise shikimates, phenylpropanoids, carbohydrates, sphingolipids, nucleosides, polyketides or a combination thereof. The capsule may encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule that is an insoluble molecule or a sparsely soluble molecule with solubility limit less than 20 mg / L of water. The capsule may encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule that has a molecular weight < 3 kDa. The capsule may comprise biological molecules that are extracted from a yeast fermentation bioreactor material. The capsule may comprise biological molecules that are extracted without use of any surfactants or emulsifiers or carrier oils. The capsule may encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule that may be a nutraceutical product, a food product, a cosmetic product, or combinations thereof. The capsule may encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule that is a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, a herbicide compound, and / or an anti-microbial compound. The capsule may encapsulate two or more hydrophobic molecules. The capsule may be a plurality of capsules having a homogeneous size distribution, or a uniformly disperse size distribution. The capsule may have homogeneous size distribution corresponding to a polydispersity index (PDI) less than or equal to 0.7, more generally less than or equal to 0.3.File No.: P7236PC00

[0084] In embodiments there is disclosed a composition for use in management of poultry and / or agricultural pest and disease, that may comprise the capsule and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the hydrophobic molecule is a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, a herbicide compound, and / or an anti-microbial compound. The composition may be free of surfactant. The pest may be selected from nematodes, arthropods, bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites.

[0085] In embodiments there is disclosed a method for managing agricultural pest and diseases. The method may comprise the step of contacting a plant having a pest and / or a disease with a composition. Said composition may comprise an anti-microbial compound and a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said anti-microbial compound in an aqueous media. Said capsule may comprise biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides, forming a hydrophobic core encapsulating said anti-microbial compound and from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2% to about 31% (w / w) of said terpenoids and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility. Said capsules may have a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm. The composition of the water compatible and soluble capsule may be free of surfactant.

[0086] In embodiments there is disclosed a method for managing poultry. The method may comprise the step of contacting the poultry with a composition. Said composition may comprise a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, and / or an anti-microbial compound, and a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said pesticide compound, said fungicide compound, said herbicide compound, and / or said anti-microbial compound. Said capsule may comprise biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides, forming a hydrophobic core encapsulating said pesticide compound, said fungicide compound, and / or said anti-microbial compound, and from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2% to about 31 % (w / w) of said terpenoids, and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility. Said capsules may have a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm. The composition of the water compatible and soluble capsule may be free of surfactant

[0087] In embodiments there is disclosed a method for solubilization of a hydrophobic molecule. The method may comprise contacting the hydrophobic molecule with a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule. Said capsule may comprise biological molecules comprising an alkaloid, a terpenoid, a fatty acid and an amino acids and peptide to form a water compatible and soluble capsule comprising a hydrophobic core encapsulating said product. Said capsule mayFile No.: P7236PC00 comprise from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloid and from about 2 to about 31 % (w / w) of said terpenoid; and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acid and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acid and peptide. Said water compatible and soluble capsule may have a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm. Said hydrophobic molecule may be a nutraceutical compound, a pharmaceutical compound, a compound for use in a food product, a compound for use in a cosmetic product, or combinations thereof. The composition of the water compatible and soluble capsule may be free of surfactant.

[0088] In embodiments there is disclosed a process for the encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule into a capsule formed from biological molecules from a solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material. The process and capsules detailed herein result from the extraction of soluble biological molecules from the solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material. The present disclosure details a process for the formation of capsules encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule. The process of the present invention includes steps of (a) contacting said solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material with a first solvent, (b) negative pressure-solvent extraction, (c) separation of the solvent contacted solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material from the first solvent, followed by (d) contacting the mixture of soluble biological molecules in the first solvent with a solution of hydrophobic molecule in a second solvent and mixing thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous mixture, and (e) contacting the homogeneous mixture with a third solvent to cause formation of capsules by self-aggregation of the biological molecules and encapsulation of the hydrophobic molecule therein.Contact with first solvent

[0089] In embodiments, the process of the present invention comprises step (a):(a) contacting the solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material with a first solvent, to obtain a solvent contacted solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material.

[0090] In embodiments, the first solvent, may be a non-aqueous solvent completely miscible with water. In embodiments, the non-aqueous solvent is a solvent with a polarity index between 3.9 and 8.0. Examples of suitable solvents include ethanol, methanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N- dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, 2-methoxyethanol, pyridine, 1 ,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.Negative Pressure-solvent extraction

[0091] In embodiments, the process of the present invention comprises step (b) negative pressure-solvent extraction of the first solvent contacted solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material. This step comprises at least 2 cycles of (b-i) and (b-ii):File No.: P7236PC00(b-i) negative pressure treatment of the solvent contacted bulk multicellular biological material; and(b-ii) return to atmospheric pressure of the solvent contacted bulk multicellular biological material;

[0092] Step (b) is performed for a time sufficient to permeate the first solvent through, and extract the biological molecules from the solvent contacted solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material.

[0093] In embodiments, the negative pressure treatment is performed at a maximum of -200 kPa. In embodiments, the negative pressure treatment is at from about -1 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about from about -1 kPa to about -25 kPa, or from about -5 kPa to about -25 kPa, or from about -10 kPa to about -25 kPa, or from about -15 kPa to about -25 kPa, or from about -20 kPa to about -25 kPa, or from about -20 kPa to about -100 kPa, or from about -30 kPa to about -100 kPa, or from about -40 kPa to about -100 kPa, or from about -50 kPa to about -100 kPa, or from about -60 kPa to about - 100 kPa, or from about -70 kPa to about -100 kPa, or from about -80 kPa to about -100 kPa, or from about -90 kPa to about -100 kPa, or from about -100 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -110 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -120 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -130 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -140 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -150 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -160 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -170 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -180 kPa to about -200 kPa, or from about -190 kPa to about -200 kPa, or about -1 , -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, - 10, -11 , -12, -13, -14, -15, -16, -17, -18, -19, -20, -21 , -22, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -29, -30, -31 , -32, -33, -34, -35, -36, -37, -38, -39, -40, -41 , -42, -43, -44, -45, -46, -47, -48, -49, -50, -51 , -52, -53, -54, -55, -56, -57, -58, -59, -60, -61 , -62, -63, -64, -65, -66, -67, -68, -69, -70, -71 , -72, -73, -74, -75, -76, -77, -78, -79, -80, -81 , -82, -83, -84, -85, -86, -87, -88, -89, -90, -91 , -92, -93, -94, -95, -96, -97, -98, -99, -100, -101 , -102, -103, -104, -105, -106, -107, -108, -109, -110, -111 , -112, -113, -114, -115, - 116, -117, -118, -119, -120, -121 , -122, -123, -124, -125, -126, -127, -128, -129, -130, -131 , -132, -133, -134, -135, -136, -137, -138, -139, -140, -141 , -142, -143, -144, -145, -146, -147, -148, -149, -150, - 151 , -152, -153, -154, -155, -156, -157, -158, -159, -160, -161 , -162, -163, -164, -165, -166, -167, -168, -169, -170, -171 , -172, -173, -174, -175, -176, -177, -178, -179, -180, -181 , -182, -183, -184, -185, - 186, -187, -188, -189, -190, -191 , -192, -193, -194, -195, -196, -197, -198, -199, -200 kPa.

[0094] In embodiments, the negative pressure treatment may be for about 0.5 second to about 5 seconds, or for about 1 second to about 5 seconds, or from about 2 second to about 5 seconds, or from about 3 second to about 5 seconds, or from about 4 second to about 5 seconds, or for about 0.5 second to about 4 seconds, or from about 1 second to about 4 seconds, or from about 2 second to about 4 seconds, or from about 3 second to about 4 seconds, or for about 0.5 second to about 3 seconds, or from about 1 second to about 3 seconds, or from about 2 second to about 3 seconds, orFile No.: P7236PC00 for about 0.5 second to about 2 seconds, or from about 1 second to about 2 seconds, or for about 0.5 second to about 1 second, or at least 0.5, 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 seconds.

[0095] According to some embodiments, the return to atmospheric pressure is for about 0.01 second to about 0.02 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.03 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.04 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.05 second, orfor about 0.01 second to about 0.06 seconds, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.07 seconds, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.08 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.09 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.1 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.11 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.12 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.13 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.14 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.15 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.16 second, or for about 0.01 second to about 0.17 second, orfor about 0.01 second to about 0.18 second, orfor about 0.01 second to about 0.19 second.

[0096] In embodiments, the time sufficient to permeate the first solvent through is from about 3 to about 200, or from about 4 to about 200, or from about 5 to about 200, or from about 6 to about 200, or from about 7 to about 200, or from about 8 to about 200, or from about 9 to about 200, or from about 10 to about 200, or from about 20 to about 200, or from about 30 to about 200, or from about 40 to about 200, or from about 50 to about 200, or from about 60 to about 200, or from about 70 to about 200, or from about 80 to about 200, or from about 90 to about 200, or from about 100 to about 200, or from about 125 to about 200, or from about 150 to about 200, or from about 175 to about 200, or 3 to about 175, or from about 4 to about 175, or from about 5 to about 175, or from about 6 to about 175, or from about 7 to about 175, or from about 8 to about 175, or from about 9 to about 175, or from about 10 to about 175, or from about 20 to about 175, or from about 30 to about 175, or from about 40 to about 175, or from about 50 to about 175, or from about 60 to about 175, or from about 70 to about 175, or from about 80 to about 175, or from about 90 to about 175, or from about 100 to about 175, or from about 125 to about 175, or from about 150 to about 175, or 3 to about 150, or from about 4 to about 150, or from about 5 to about 150, or from about 6 to about 150, or from about 7 to about 150, or from about 8 to about 150, or from about 9 to about 150, or from about 10 to about 150, or from about 20 to about 150, or from about 30 to about 150, or from about 40 to about 150, or from about 50 to about 150, or from about 60 to about 150, or from about 70 to about 150, or from about 80 to about 150, or from about 90 to about 150, or from about 100 to about 150, or from about 125 to about 150, or 3 to about 125, or from about 4 to about 125, or from about 5 to about 125, or from about 6 to about 125, or from about 7 to about 125, or from about 8 to about 125, or from about 9 to about 125, or from about 10 to about 125, or from about 20 to about 125, or from about 30 to about 125, or from about 40 to about 125, or from about 50 to about 125, or from about 60 to about 125, or from about 70 to aboutFile No.: P7236PC00125, or from about 80 to about 125, or from about 90 to about 125, or from about 100 to about 125, or3 to about 100, or from about 4 to about 100, or from about 5 to about 100, or from about 6 to about 100, or from about 7 to about 100, or from about 8 to about 100, or from about 9 to about 100, or from about 10 to about 100, or from about 20 to about 100, or from about 30 to about 100, or from about 40 to about 100, or from about 50 to about 100, or from about 60 to about 100, or from about 70 to about 100, or from about 80 to about 100, or from about 90 to about 100, or 3 to about 90, or from about 4 to about 90, or from about 5 to about 90, or from about 6 to about 90, or from about 7 to about 90, or from about 8 to about 90, or from about 9 to about 90, or from about 10 to about 90, or from about 20 to about 90, or from about 30 to about 90, or from about 40 to about 90, or from about 50 to about 90, or from about 60 to about 90, or from about 70 to about 90, or from about 80 to about 90, or 3 to about 80, or from about 4 to about 80, or from about 5 to about 80, or from about 6 to about 80, or from about 7 to about 80, or from about 8 to about 80, or from about 9 to about 80, or from about 10 to about 80, or from about 20 to about 80, or from about 30 to about 80, or from about 40 to about 80, or from about 50 to about 80, or from about 60 to about 80, or from about 70 to about 80, or 3 to about 70, or from about 4 to about 70, or from about 5 to about 70, or from about 6 to about 70, or from about 7 to about 70, or from about 8 to about 70, or from about 9 to about 70, or from about 10 to about 70, or from about 20 to about 70, or from about 30 to about 70, or from about 40 to about 70, or from about 50 to about 70, or from about 60 to about 70, or 3 to about 60, or from about 4 to about 60, or from about 5 to about 60, or from about 6 to about 60, or from about 7 to about 60, or from about 8 to about 60, or from about 9 to about 60, or from about 10 to about 60, or from about 20 to about 60, or from about 30 to about 60, or from about 40 to about 60, or from about 50 to about 60, or 3 to about 50, or from about4 to about 50, or from about 5 to about 50, or from about 6 to about 50, or from about 7 to about 50, or from about 8 to about 50, or from about 9 to about 50, or from about 10 to about 50, or from about 20 to about 50, or from about 30 to about 50, or from about 40 to about 50, or 3 to about 40, or from about4 to about 40, or from about 5 to about 40, or from about 6 to about 40, or from about 7 to about 40, or from about 8 to about 40, or from about 9 to about 40, or from about 10 to about 40, or from about 20 to about 40, or from about 30 to about 40, or 3 to about 30, or from about 4 to about 30, or from about5 to about 30, or from about 6 to about 30, or from about 7 to about 30, or from about 8 to about 30, or from about 9 to about 30, or from about 10 to about 30, or from about 20 to about 30, or 3 to about 20, or from about 4 to about 20, or from about 5 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 20, or from about 7 to about 20, or from about 8 to about 20, or from about 9 to about 20, or from about 10 to about 20, or 3 to about 10, or from about 4 to about 10, or from about 5 to about 10, or from about 6 to about 10, or from about 7 to about 10, or from about 8 to about 10, or from about 9 to about 10, or 3 to about 9, or from about 4 to about 9, or from about 5 to about 9, or from about 6 to about 9, or from about 7 to about 9, or from about 8 to about 9, or 3 to about 8, or from about 4 to about 8, or from about 5 to about 8,File No.: P7236PC00 or from about 6 to about 8, or from about 7 to about 8, or 3 to about 7, or from about 4 to about 7, or from about 5 to about 7, or from about 6 to about 7, or 3 to about 6, or from about 4 to about 6, or from about 5 to about 6, or 3 to about 5, or from about 4 to about 5, or 3 to about 4, or at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, or 200 cycles of (b-i) and (b -ii).

[0097] According to another embodiment, the step (b) may be performed at temperatures ranging from about 20°C to about 30°C, or from about 21 °C to about 30°C, or from about 22°C to about 30°C, or from about 23°C to about 30°C, or from about 24°C to about 30°C, or from about 25°C to about 30°C, or from about 26°C to about 30°C, or from about 27°C to about 30°C, or from about 28°C to about 30°C, or from about 29°C to about 30°C, or from about 20°C to about 29°C, or from about 21 °C to about 29°C, or from about 22°C to about 29°C, or from about 23°C to about 29°C, or from about 24°C to about 29°C, or from about 25°C to about 29°C, or from about 26°C to about 29°C, or from about 27°C to about 29°C, or from about 28°C to about 29°C, or from about 20°C to about 28°C, or from about 21 °C to about 28°C, or from about 22°C to about 28°C, or from about 23°C to about 28°C, or from about 24°C to about 28°C, or from about 25°C to about 28°C, or from about 26°C to about 28°C, or from about 27°C to about 28°C, or from about 20°C to about 27°C, or from about 21 °C to about 27°C, or from about 22°C to about 27°C, or from about 23°C to about 27°C, or from about 24°C to about 27°C, or from about 25°C to about 27°C, or from about 26°C to about 27°C, or from about 20°C to about 26°C, or from about 21 °C to about 26°C, or from about 22°C to about 26°C, or from about 23°C to about 26°C, or from about 24°C to about 26°C, or from about 25°C to about 26°C, or from about 20°C to about 25°C, or from about 21 °C to about 25°C, or from about 22°C to about 25°C, or from about 23°C to about 25°C, or from about 24°C to about 25°C, or from about 20°C to about 24°C, or from about 21 °C to about 24°C, or from about 22°C to about 24°C, or from about 23°C to about 24°C, or from about 20°C to about 23°C, or from about 21 °C to about 23°C, or from about 22°C to about 23°C, or from about 20°C to about 22°C, or from about 21 °C to about 22°C, or from about 20°C to about 22°C, or about 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30°CSeparation

[0098] In embodiments, the process of the present invention comprises a step (e) of separating the first solvent contacted mildly homogenized solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material from the first solvent, to recover a solution of supramolecular assemblies and molecular mixes. Separation may be achieved by any means known in the art such as e.g., centrifugation, decantation, aspiration, sieving, pumping, flowing and the combinations thereof.File No.: P7236PC00Filtration

[0099] In embodiments, the process of the present invention comprises a step (c) separation of the solvent contacted solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material from the first solvent, for removal of remaining fragments of the solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material and to obtain a mixture of soluble biological molecules in the first solvent.

[0100] In embodiments, the mixture of soluble biological molecules comprises terpenoids, fatty-acids, amino acids, peptides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, polyketides, shikimates, phenylpropanoids, and combinations thereof.

[0101] In embodiments, the separation is microfiltration, ultrafiltration, or a combination thereof.

[0102] In embodiments, the microfiltration is achieved with a filter having pore size in the micrometer (micron) pore sized from about 0.1 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.7 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.6 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.5 pm, or about 0.1 pm to about 0.45 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.4 pm, or from about 0.1 pm to about 0.3 pm, or about 0.1 pm to about 0.22 pm, or about 0.1 pm to about 0.2 pm, 0.2 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.2 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0. 2 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.2 pm to about 0.7 pm, or from about 0.2 pm to about 0.6 pm, or from about 0.2 pm to about 0.5 pm, or about 0.2 pm to about 0.45 pm, or from about 0.2 pm to about 0.4 pm, or from about 0.2 pm to about 0.3 pm, or about 0.2 pm to about 0.22 pm, or 0.22 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.22 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0. 22 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.22 pm to about 0.7 pm, or from about 0.22 pm to about 0.6 pm, or from about 0.22 pm to about 0.5 pm, or about 0.22 pm to about 0.45 pm, or from about 0.22 pm to about 0.4 pm, or from about 0.22 pm to about 0.3 pm, 0.3 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.3 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0.3 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.3 pm to about 0.7 pm, or from about 0.3 pm to about 0.6 pm, or from about 0.3 pm to about 0.5 pm, or about 0.3 pm to about 0.45 pm, or from about 0.3 pm to about 0.4 pm, or 0.4 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.4 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0.4 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.4 pm to about 0.7 pm, or from about 0.4 pm to about 0.6 pm, or from about 0.4 pm to about 0.5 pm, or about 0.4 pm to about 0.45 pm, or 0.45 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.45 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0.45 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.45 pm to about 0.7 pm, or from about 0.45 pm to about 0.6 pm, or from about 0.45 pm to about 0.5 pm, or 0.5 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.5 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0.5 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.5 pm to about 0.7 pm, or from about 0.5 pm to about 0.6 pm, or 0.6 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.6 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0.6 pm to about 0.8 pm, or from about 0.6 pm to about 0.7 pm, 0.7 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.7 pm to about 0.9 pm, or from about 0.7 pm toFile No.: P7236PC00 about 0.8 pm, or 0.8 pm to about 1 pm, or from about 0.8 pm to about 0.9 pm, or 0.8 pm to about 1 pm, or at least about 0.1 , 0.2, 0.22, 0.3, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 pm.

[0103] In embodiments, the ultrafiltration is the membrane filtration process in which forces like pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). In embodiments, the filtration is with a filter configured for filtration of molecules having 103- 106Da. This separation process is used in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macromolecular (103- 106, or 104- 106, 105- 106, 103- 105, or 104- 105, 104- 106, 104- 105Da) solutions, especially protein solutions. In certain aspects of the invention, the ultrafiltration is achieved with a suitable ceramic filter, a metallic filter, a membrane filter or hollow fiber membrane filter. According to an embodiment, the membrane microfiltration filter may be for example a 0.1 pm membrane filter. According to an embodiment, the membrane filter may be in the configuration of dead-end flow or cross-flow or spiral-wound flow or multi-membrane assembly flow or the combination thereof.Addition of hydrophobic molecules

[0104] Next, the process of the present invention comprises step (d):(d) contacting the mixture of soluble biological molecules in the first solvent with a solution of hydrophobic molecules in a second solvent and mixing thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous mixture thereof.

[0105] As used herein, hydrophobic molecule are molecules that are non-polar and that do not mix with water. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic molecules are defined as insoluble and sparsely soluble molecules with solubility limit less than 20 mg per litre of water at room temperature. According to another embodiment, the hydrophobic molecules may be molecules of molecular weight equal to or less than 3 kDa (< 3 kDa). According to embodiments, the hydrophobic molecules may be pesticide, a fungicide, a herbicide, an antimicrobial, a drug, a nutrient, a hydrophobic plant extract, or combinations thereof. In embodiments, the hydrophobic molecules may be free of an emulsifier, a carrier oil, or combinations thereof.

[0106] According to embodiments, in step (d), an absolute mass ratio of the soluble biological molecules and said hydrophobic molecule is from about 1 :10 to 2000:1. An absolute mass ratio of the soluble biological molecules and said hydrophobic molecule is from about 1 :10 to about 2:10, or from about 1 :10 to about 3:10, or from about 1 :10 to about 4:10, or from about 1 :10 to about 5:10, or from about 1 :10 to about 6:10, or from about 1 :10 to about 7:10, or from about 1 :10 to about 8:10, or from about 1 :1 to about 9:10, or from about 1 :10 to about 20:1 , or from about 1 :10 to about 30:1 , or fromFile No.: P7236PC00 about 1:10 to about 40:1, or from about 1:10 to about 50:1, or from about 1:10 to about 60:1, or from about 1:10 to about 70:1, or from about 1 :10 to about 80:1 , or from about 1 :10 to about 90:1 , or from about 1:10 to about 100:1 , 1 :10 to about 200:1 , or from about 1:10 to about 300:1 , or from about 1:10 to about 400:1, or from about 1 :10 to about 500:1 , or from about 1 :10 to about 600:1, or from about 1:10 to about 700:1, or from about 1:10 to about 800:1, or from about 1:10 to about 900:1, or from about 1 :10 to about 1000:1 , or from about 1 :10 to about 1100:1 , 1 :10 to about 1200:1 , or from about 1:10 to about 1300:1, or from about 1:10 to about 1400:1, or from about 1:10 to about 1500:1, or from about 1:10 to about 1600:1, or from about 1:10 to about 1700:1, or from about 1:10 to about 1800:1, or from about 1:10 to about 1900:1, or from about 1:10 to about 2000:1, or from about 1:1 to about 10:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 20:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 30:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 40:1, or from about 1:1 to about 50:1, or from about 1:1 to about 60:1 , or from about 1 :1 to about 70:1 , or from about 1 : 1 to about 80: 1 , or from about 1:1 to about 90: 1 , or from about 1 : 1 to about 100:1, 1:1 to about 200:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 300:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 400:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 500:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 600:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 700:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 800:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 900:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1000:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1100:1, 1:1 to about 1200:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1300:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1400:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1500:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1600:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1700:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1800:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 1900:1, orfrom about 1:1 to about 2000:1 orfrom about 10:1 to about 20:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 30:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 40:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 50:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 60:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 70:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 80:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 90:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 100:1, or from about 10:1 to about 200:1, or from about 10:1 to about 300:1 , or from about 10:1 to about 400:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 500:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 600:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 700:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 800:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 900:1, or from about 10:1 to about 1000:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1100:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1200:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1300:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1400:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1500:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1600:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1700:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1800:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 1900:1, orfrom about 10:1 to about 2000:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 200:1, or from about 100:1 to about 300:1, or from about 100:1 to about 400:1 , orfrom about 100:1 to about 500:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 600:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 700:1 , orfrom about 100:1 to about 800:1 , orfrom about 100:1 to about 900:1 , orfrom about 100:1 to about 1000:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 100:1100, orfrom about 100:1 to about 1200:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 1300:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 1400:1 , orfrom about 100:1 to about 1500:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 1600:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 1700:1 , orfrom about 100:1 to about 1800:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 1900:1, orfrom about 100:1 to about 2000:1, or about 1:10, 1:1,File No.: P7236PC0010:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1 90:1, 100:1, 200:1, 300:1, 400:1, 500:1, 600:1, 700:1, 800:1, 900:1, 1000:1, 1100:1, 1200:1, 1300:1, 1400:1, 1500:1, 1600:1, 1700:1, 1800:1, 1900:1 or 2000:1.

[0107] In embodiments, the second solvent may be a non-aqueous solvent completely miscible with water. In embodiments, the non-aqueous solvent is a solvent with a polarity index between 3.9 and 8.0. Examples of suitable solvents include ethanol, methanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, 2-methoxyethanol, pyridine, 1,4- dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.Capsule formation

[0108] Next, the homogeneous mixture from step (d) is introduced into step e:(e) contacting said homogeneous mixture with a third solvent to cause formation of the capsule by self-aggregation of the biological molecules and encapsulation of the hydrophobic molecule therein, to form a capsule encapsulating the hydrophobic molecule.

[0109] In embodiments, the capsule encapsulating said hydrophobic molecule comprises with a core and an outer shell layer comprised of said biological molecules providing a water compatible particle stability.

[0110] According to an embodiment, step (e) may be performed by mixing the homogeneous mixture with the third solvent at a ratio of from about 1:3 to 1:100, or from about 1:3 to about 1:10, or from about 1 :3 to about 1 :20, 1 :3 to about 1 :30, 1 :3 to about 1 :40, 1 :3 to about 1 :50, 1 :3 to about 1 :60, 1:3 to about 1:70, 1:3 to about 1:80, 1:3 to about 1:90, 1:3 to about 1:100, from about 1:10 to about 1:100, or from about 1:20 to about 1:100, or from about 1:30 to about 1:100, or from about 1:40 to about 1:100, or from about 1:50 to about 1:100, or from about 1:60 to about 1:100, or from about 1:70 to about 1:100, or from about 1:80 to about 1:100, or from about 1:90 to about 1:100, or from about 1:10 to about 1:90, or from about 1:20 to about 1:90, or from about 1:30 to about 1:90, or from about1 :40 to about 1 :90, or from about 1 :50 to about 1 :90, or from about 1 :60 to about 1 :90, or from about1:70 to about 1:90, or from about 1:80 to about 1:90, or from about 1:10 to about 1:80, or from about1 :20 to about 1 :80, or from about 1 :30 to about 1 :80, or from about 1 :40 to about 1 :80, or from about1 :50 to about 1 :80, or from about 1 :60 to about 1 :80, or from about 1 :70 to about 1 :80 , or from about1:10 to about 1:70, or from about 1:20 to about 1:70, or from about 1:30 to about 1:70, or from about1 :40 to about 1 :70, or from about 1 :50 to about 1 :70, or from about 1 :60 to about 1 :70, or from about1:10 to about 1:60, or from about 1:20 to about 1:60, or from about 1:30 to about 1:60, or from about1:40 to about 1:60, or from about 1:50 to about 1:60, or from about 1:10 to about 1:50, or from about1 :20 to about 1 :50, or from about 1 :30 to about 1 :50, or from about 1 :40 to about 1 :50, or from aboutFile No.: P7236PC001 :10 to about 1 :40, or from about 1 :20 to about 1 :40, or from about 1 :30 to about 1 :40, or from about 1 :10 to about 1 :30, or from about 1 :20 to about 1 :30, or from about 1 :10 to about 1 :20, or 1 :3, 1 :10. 1 :20, 1 :30, 1 :40, 1 :50, 1 :60, 1 :70. 1 :80, 1 :90 or 1 :100.

[0111] In embodiments, the third solvent may be an aqueous solvent. In embodiments, the third solvent is water or a mixture of water and a non-aqueous solvent. In embodiments, the nonaqueous solvent is completely miscible with water. In embodiments, the non-aqueous solvent is a solvent with a polarity index between 3.9 and 8.0. Examples of suitable solvents include ethanol, methanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, 2- methoxyethanol, pyridine, 1 ,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.

[0112] In embodiments, the formation of the capsule encapsulating the hydrophobic molecule is performed at a temperature of from about 10°C to about 80°C, or from about 15°C to about 80°C, or from about 20°C to about 80°C, or from about 25°C to about 80°C, or from about 30°C to about 80°C, or from about 35°C to about 80°C, or from about 40°C to about 80°C, or from about 45°C to about 80°C, or from about 50°C to about 80°C, or from about 55°C to about 80°C, or from about 60°C to about 80°C, or from about 65°C to about 80°C, or from about 70°C to about 80°C, or from about 75°C to about 80°C, or from about 10°C to about 75°C, or from about 15°C to about 75°C, or from about 20°C to about 75°C, or from about 25°C to about 75°C, or from about 30°C to about 75°C, or from about 35°C to about 75°C, or from about 40°C to about 75°C, or from about 45°C to about 75°C, or from about 50°C to about 75°C, or from about 55°C to about 75°C, or from about 60°C to about 75°C, or from about 65°C to about 75°C, or from about 70°C to about 75°C, or from about 10°C to about 70°C, or from about 15°C to about 70°C, or from about 20°C to about 70°C, or from about 25°C to about 70°C, or from about 30°C to about 70°C, or from about 35°C to about 70°C, or from about 40°C to about 70°C, or from about 45°C to about 70°C, or from about 50°C to about 70°C, or from about 55°C to about 70°C, or from about 60°C to about 70°C, or from about 65°C to about 70°C, or from about 10°C to about 65°C, or from about 15°C to about 65°C, or from about 20°C to about 65°C, or from about 25°C to about 65°C, or from about 30°C to about 65°C, or from about 35°C to about 65°C, or from about 40°C to about 65°C, or from about 45°C to about 65°C, or from about 50°C to about 65°C, or from about 55°C to about 65°C, or from about 60°C to about 65°C, or from about 10°C to about 60°C, or from about 15°C to about 60°C, or from about 20°C to about 60°C, or from about 25°C to about 60°C, or from about 30°C to about 60°C, or from about 35°C to about 60°C, or from about 40°C to about 60°C, or from about 45°C to about 60°C, or from about 50°C to about 60°C, or from about 55°C to about 60°C, or from about 10°C to about 55°C, or from about 15°C to about 55°C, or from about 20°C to about 55°C, or from about 25°C to about 55°C, or from about 30°C to about 55°C,File No.: P7236PC00 or from about 35°C to about 55°C, or from about 40°C to about 55°C, or from about 45°C to about 55°C, or from about 50°C to about 55°C, or from about 10°C to about 50°C, or from about 15°C to about 50°C, or from about 20°C to about 50°C, or from about 25°C to about 50°C, or from about 30°C to about 50°C, or from about 35°C to about 50°C, or from about 40°C to about 50°C, or from about 45°C to about 50°C, or from about 10°C to about 45°C, or from about 15°C to about 45°C, or from about 20°C to about 45°C, or from about 25°C to about 45°C, or from about 30°C to about 45°C, or from about 35°C to about 45°C, or from about 40°C to about 45°C, or from about 10°C to about 40°C, or from about 15°C to about 40°C, or from about 20°C to about 40°C, or from about 25°C to about 40°C, or from about 30°C to about 40°C, or from about 35°C to about 40°C, or from about 10°C to about 35°C, or from about 15°C to about 35°C, or from about 20°C to about 35°C, or from about 25°C to about 35°C, or from about 30°C to about 35°C, or from about 10°C to about 30°C, or from about 15°C to about 30°C, or from about 20°C to about 30°C, or from about 25°C to about 30°C, or from about 10°C to about 25°C, or from about 15°C to about 25°C, or from about 20°C to about 25°C, or from about 10°C to about 20°C, or from about 15°C to about 20°C, or from about 10°C to about 15°C, or 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80°C.

[0113] In embodiments, the capsule encapsulating the hydrophobic molecule may have a size of about 10 pm or less. The capsule encapsulating the hydrophobic molecule may have a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm, or from about 100 nm to about 1000 nm, or from about 200 nm to about 1000 nm, or from about 300 nm to about 1000 nm, or from about 400 nm to about 1000 nm, or from about 500 nm to about 1000 nm, or from about 600 nm to about 1000 nm, or from about 700 nm to about 1000 nm, or from about 800 nm to about 1000 nm, or from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm, , or from about 2 pm to about 10 pm, or from about 3 pm to about 10 pm, or from about 4 pm to about 10 pm, or from about 5 pm to about 10 pm, or from about 6 pm to about 10 pm, or from about 7 pm to about 10 pm, or from about 8 pm to about 10 pm, or from about 9 pm to about 10 pm, or from about 2 pm to about 9 pm, or from about 3 pm to about 9 pm, or from about 4 pm to about 9 pm, or from about 5 pm to about 9 pm, or from about 6 pm to about 9 pm, or from about 7 pm to about 9 pm, or from about 8 pm to about 9 pm, or from about 2 pm to about 8 pm, or from about 3 pm to about 8 pm, or from about 4 pm to about 8 pm, or from about 5 pm to about 8 pm, or from about 6 pm to about 8 pm, or from about 7 pm to about 8 pm, or from about 2 pm to about 7 pm, or from about 3 pm to about 7 pm, or from about 4 pm to about 7 pm, or from about 5 pm to about 7 pm, or from about 6 pm to about 7 pm, or from about 2 pm to about 6 pm, or from about 3 pm to about 6 pm, or from about 4 pm to about 6 pm, or from about 5 pm to about 6 pm, or from about 2 pm to about 5 pm, or from about 3 pm to about 5 pm, or from about 4 pm to about 5 pm, or from about 2 pm to about 4 pm, or from about 3 pm to about 4 pm, or from about 2 pm to about 3 pm, or about 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, 500File No.: P7236PC00 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, 1 pm, 2 pm, 3 pm, 4 pm, 5 pm, 6 pm, 7 pm, 8 pm, 9 pm, 10 pm.

[0114] According to an embodiment, the capsule encapsulating the hydrophobic molecule may have a polydispersity index (PDI) equal to or of less than 0.7 (< 0.7), as defined above. According to another embodiment, the capsule encapsulating the hydrophobic molecule may have a polydispersity index (PDI) equal to or of less than 0.3 (< 0.3), as defined above.Collection

[0115] According to an embodiment, the process of the present invention may further comprise collection step (f):(f) comprising at least one of concentration, freeze-drying, heat-drying, spray-drying and gelling, of said capsule encapsulating said hydrophobic molecule.Concentration

[0116] In embodiments, concentration may be performed by microfiltration, ultrafiltration, dead-end filtration, tangential flow filtration, differential centrifugation, or a combination thereof.Spray drying

[0117] In embodiments, a time sufficient for spray-drying the capsule encapsulating the hydrophobic molecule is from about 5 minutes to about 1 hour, or from about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, or from about 5 minutes to about 25 minutes, or from about 5 minutes to about 20 minutes, or from about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes, or from about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes.

[0118] The spray-drying may be performed at a temperature of 110°C to about 165°C, or from about 120°C to about 165°C, or from about 130°C to about 165°C, or from about 140°C to about 165°C, or from about 150°C to about 165°C, or from about 160°C to about 165°C, or from about 110°C to about 160°C, or from about 120°C to about 160°C, or from about 130°C to about 160°C, or from about 140°C to about 160°C, or from about 150°C to about 160°C, or from about 110°C to about 150°C, or from about 120°C to about 150°C, or from about 130°C to about 150°C, or from about 140°C to about 150°C, or from about 110°C to about 140°C, or from about 120°C to about 140°C, or from about 130°C to about 140°C, or from about 110°C to about 130°C, or from about 120°C to about 130°C, or from about 110°C to about 120°C, or 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, or 165°C.

[0119] The spray-drying may be performed with a spray-drying excipient. For example, the spray-drying excipient may be from about 10% w / v to about 30% w / v of gum arabic, maltodextrin, gelatin, cellulose derivatives or a combination thereof.File No.: P7236PC00Freeze Drying

[0120] In embodiments, the time sufficient for freeze-drying is from about 12h to about 24h, or from about 24h to about 36h, or from about 36h to about 48h.

[0121] In embodiments, freeze-drying is performed at a temperature of -10°C to about -60°C, or from about -20°C to about -60°C, or from about -30°C to about -60°C, or from about -40°C to about -60°C, or from about -50°C to about -60°C, or from about -10°C to about -50°C, or from about -20°C to about -50°C, or from about -30°C to about -50°C, or from about -40°C to about -50°C, or from about -10°C to about -40°C, or from about -20°C to about -40°C, or from about -30°C to about -40°C, or from about -10°C to about -30°C, or from about -20°C to about -30°C, or from about -10°C to about -30°C, or about -10. -20, -30, -40, -50, or -60°C.

[0122] In embodiments, the freeze-drying may be performed with a freezing excipient. For example, the freezing excipient may be sucrose, glucose, dextran, trehalose, lactose, mannitol, maltose, alanine, glycine or a combination thereof. For example, about 10% w / w of any of these freezing excipient, or their combinations.Heat Drying

[0123] In embodiments, the heat-drying is performed at a temperature of 30°C to about 60°C, or from about 40°C to about 60°C, or from about 50°C to about 60°C, or from about 30°C to about 50°C, or from about 40°C to about 50°C, or from about 30°C to about 40°C, or 30, 40, 50, or 60°C.

[0124] In embodiments, the heat-drying may be performed under vacuum.

[0125] In embodiments, the heat-drying may be performed with a stabilizing excipient. For example, the stabilizing excipient may be microcrystalline cellulose, methyl-cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, maltodextrin, gum Arabic, Guar gum, chitosan, pectin, sucrose, lactose, trehalose, Arabic gum, whey protein, polyvinyl alcohol, modified, starch, nut gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, L-leucine, polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof.Gelling

[0126] In embodiments, the gelling may be performed with a gelling excipient. For example, the gelling excipient may be hyaluronic acid, methyl-cellulose, alginate, pectin, carrageenan, gellan, gelatin, agar, modified starch, methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, xanthan gum or a combination thereof.

[0127] The mass proportion (mass / mass) of the biological capsule and the hydrophobic molecules to be encapsulated may vary from 1 :10 to 2000: 1File No.: P7236PC00

[0128] In another embodiment the volume proportion (volume / volume) of the hydrophobic molecules to be encapsulated dissolved in second solvent to the volume of first solvent containing biological encapsulating agent may vary from 1 :10 to 1 :1000.

[0129] Now referring to examples of encapsulation according to the sequential operational steps to achieve encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules.

[0130] Dried organic solid yeast fermentation bioreactor material such as (i) nutritional food yeast granules, (ii) brewing waste (mixture of grains, yeast and hope leaves) and (iii) dried yeast slurry from one brewing facility wastes and (iv) dried yeast slurry from a second brewing facility wastes were obtained, and they were not grinded or powdered further. In current art, the nutritional food yeast, as well as brewing, are accomplished in varieties of yeast fermentation bioreactors using food sources like sugarcane or sugar beet or fruit extracts concentrates and wide ranges of grains as source of starch and other nutrients.

[0131] The dried organic solid yeast fermentation bioreactor materials were then processed according to the steps of this current invention:

[0132] In step (a) of the process, the said dried yeast fermentation bioreactor materials are added into a first solvent (95% ethanol) sufficient to contact all the biological matter in an air tight vessel. Follows by step (b) where a mild vacuum treatment of -138 kPa, achieved through a vacuum pump. 50 cycles of mild vacuum of -138 kPa, step (b-i) for 2 seconds followed by release vacuum to atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa), step (b-ii), while the dried organic solid yeast fermentation bioreactor materials and solvent are present in contact.

[0133] In step c of the process, the first solvent having biological encapsulant materials or encapsulant dissolved in first solvent is filtered using microfiltration (2.5 micron followed by 0.45 micron, further followed by 0.1 micron), so as to provide the filtered biological encapsulant. The relative molecular compositions of biological encapsulant materials obtained from the said the said yeast fermentation bioreactor materials are named as Encapsulant 1 , Encapsulant 2, Encapsulant 3 and Encapsulant 4.

[0134] In step d of the process, the anyone of Encapsulant 1 , Encapsulant 2, Encapsulant 3 or Encapsulant 4 having biological encapsulant materials dissolved therein is to be mixed with a solution of a hydrophobic molecules in a second solvent and mixing thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous mixture, as describe in example figures. In step e of the process, a third solvent of aqueous solution (0.1x PBS, pH 7.4) is mixed to the latter homogeneous mixture as describe in the following examples of encapsulations of different hydrophobic molecules.File No.: P7236PC00

[0135] Now referring to Figure 1. Figure 1 shows results of an analysis applying Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Using Nano-LC-MS / MS to determine SubClasses of molecules present in relative abundance in the above three samples from step c (Encapsulant 1 , Encapsulant 2, and Encapsulant 3), which provide information about biological molecules present as constituents of the said capsule. Samples from step c in the first solvent were separated on a 150 mm x 75 pm Easy Spray™ C18 column (Thermo Fisher Scientific®, Cat No. ES900) using a gradient elution with water and acetonitrile. Samples were loaded onto the column for60 min at a flow rate of 230 nL / min. Soluble biological molecules in said first solvent were separated using a gradient that starts with 100% water and 0% acetonitrile in the presence of 0.1 % formic acid and were separated for 35 min with a gradient to 100% acetonitrile. Separation continued for an additional 10 minutes using 100% acetonitrile. After 5 minutes, it gradually decreased to 0% acetonitrile and 100% water and maintained that ratio for 10. To obtain MS / MS Spectral Data, eluted biological molecules were directly sprayed into a mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization (ESI) at an ion source temperature of 250°C and an ion spray voltage of 2.1 kV. The full-scan MS spectra (m / z 80-1200) were acquired at a resolution of 70,000. Precursor ions were filtered according to the monoisotopic precursor selection, with charge state of 1 and 2, and dynamic exclusion of 10s. The automatic gain control settings were 3x106for full FTMS scans and 1x105for MS / MS scans. Precursor ions were isolated using a 2 m / z isolation window and fragmented with a normalized high energy collision of 35%.

[0136] The raw MS / MS Spectral obtained were processed using bioinformatic software and MS / MS databases publicly available. Each data file was uploaded onto the opensource MzMine3™ software for preprocessing. Masses for each sample were detected using a 5.0x105noise threshold limit for both MS1 and MS2 spectra. ADAP Chromatogram Builder, a module of MzMine3, was then used to peak pick based on the following settings: minimum highest intensity 5.0x105and noise of 5.0x105with 5 data points per peak. Once the chromatograms were created, the Local Minimum Resolver module was then used to clean up the features and link the MS1 and MS2 spectra using “MS / MS scan pairing”. The chromatogram threshold was set to 90% with a minimum search range RT of 0.03 and a minimum relative height of 50%. The ratio was 1 .2 and the peak duration was set to 1 minute. Deisotoping was then performed where the retention time tolerance was set to 0.5 mins and the m / z tolerance was set to 5 ppm. The peaks that were in the blank were also subtracted from the sample using the default setting for data points and a fold increase of 150%, meaning that true peaks were identified if the area was 150% more than the noise level. Metabolite annotation was conducted using the opensource Sirius 4 CSI: Fingerid software. The .mgf file of spectral data, exported from MzMine3, was imported into Sirius 4. Default parameters were used for identification, using “Orbitrap” as the type of data and the following database were used: BioDataBase, Biocys, KNApSAcK, Natural products, Plantcys, YMDB and GNPS.File No.: P7236PC00

[0137] To obtain categories of broad classes of molecules present, molecules are identified as metabolite classes present in encapsulants (Encapsulant 1 , Encapsulant 2, and Encapsulant 3) obtained from the yeast fermentation bioreactor materials which consists of varying proportions of yeast and plant materials. The relative abundance of seven categories of molecules identified using a search system called NPCIassifier SubClass structural annotation (based on a Deep Neural Network- Based Structural Classification Tool for Natural Products, as described in J. Nat. Prod. 2021 , 84, 11 , 2795-2807) is presented in Figure 1 , which is a pie charts as percent abundance with a confidence level above 0.3 and a probability higher than 0.9900. The ClassyFire framework organizes molecular entities into a hierarchical ontology: (i) Kingdom level: organic and inorganic compounds, (ii) SuperClass: 26 organic and 5 inorganic categories, (iii) Class: 764 structural categories, (iv) SubClass: 1 ,729 subdivisions encompassing >10,000 compounds, (v) Levels 5-11 : finer resolution based on chemical weight, spanning 910 to 2 entities. The top seven SubClass structural categories are (1) Fatty Acids, (2) Amino acids and peptides, (3) Alkaloids, (4) Terpenoids, (5) Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids, (6) Carbohydrates and (7) Polyketides. In all samples, four categories of molecules are predominantly present: (1 ) Fatty Acids, (2) Amino acids and peptides, (3) Alkaloids, (4) T erpenoids, and are major constituent of the capsule of the present invention.

[0138] Categories broad SubClasses of molecules present, molecules are identified as metabolite classes present in encapsulants (Encapsulant 1 , Encapsulant 2, and Encapsulant 3) obtained from said yeast fermentation bioreactor materials are presented as pie-chart in Figure 1A, Figure 1 B and Figure 1C.Biological molecule compositionAlkaloids

[0139] In some embodiments, the capsule contains alkaloid levels, preferably at the hydrophobic core, ranging from about 9 to about 53%, or from about 12 to about 53%, or from about 15 to about 53%, or from about 18 to about 53%, or from about 21 to about 53%, or from about 24 to about 53%, or from about 27 to about 53%, or from about 30 to about 53%, or from about 33 to about 53%, or from about 36 to about 53%, or from about 39 to about 53%, or from about 42 to about 53%, or from about 45 to about 53%, or from about 48 to about 53%, or from about 51 to about 53%, or from about 9 to about 50%, or from about 12 to about 50%, or from about 15 to about 50%, or from about 18 to about 50%, or from about 21 to about 50%, or from about 24 to about 50%, or from about 27 to about 50%, or from about 30 to about 50%, or from about 33 to about 50%, or from about 36 to about 50%, or from about 39 to about 50%, or from about 42 to about 50%, or from about 45 to about 50%, or from about 48 to about 50%, or from about 9 to about 47%, or from about 12 to about 47%, or from about 15 to about 47%, or from about 18 to about 47%, or from about 21 to about 47%, or from aboutFile No.: P7236PC0024 to about 47%, or from about 27 to about 47%, or from about 30 to about 47%, or from about 33 to about 47%, or from about 36 to about 47%, or from about 39 to about 47%, or from about 42 to about 47%, or from about 45 to about 47%, or from about 9 to about 44%, or from about 12 to about 44%, or from about 15 to about 44%, or from about 18 to about 44%, or from about 21 to about 44%, or from about 24 to about 44%, or from about 27 to about 44%, or from about 30 to about 44%, or from about 33 to about 44%, or from about 36 to about 44%, or from about 39 to about 44%, or from about 42 to about 44%, or from about 9 to about 41%, or from about 12 to about 41%, or from about 15 to about 41 %, or from about 18 to about 41%, or from about 21 to about 41 %, or from about 24 to about 41 %, or from about 27 to about 41%, or from about 30 to about 41%, or from about 33 to about 41 %, or from about 36 to about 41%, or from about 39 to about 41%, or from about 9 to about 38%, or from about 12 to about 38%, or from about 15 to about 38%, or from about 18 to about 38%, or from about 21 to about 38%, or from about 24 to about 38%, or from about 27 to about 38%, or from about 30 to about 38%, or from about 33 to about 38%, or from about 36 to about 38%, or from about 9 to about 35%, or from about 12 to about 35%, or from about 15 to about 35%, or from about 18 to about 35%, or from about 21 to about 35%, or from about 24 to about 35%, or from about 27 to about 35%, or from about 30 to about 35%, or from about 33 to about 35%, or from about 9 to about 32%, or from about 12 to about 32%, or from about 15 to about 32%, or from about 18 to about 32%, or from about 21 to about 32%, or from about 24 to about 32%, or from about 27 to about 32%, or from about 30 to about 32%, or from about 9 to about 29%, or from about 12 to about 29%, or from about 15 to about 29%, or from about 18 to about 29%, or from about 21 to about 29%, or from about 24 to about 29%, or from about 27 to about 29%, or from about 9 to about 26%, or from about 12 to about 26%, or from about 15 to about 26%, or from about 18 to about 26%, or from about 21 to about 26%, or from about 24 to about 26%, or from about 9 to about 23%, or from about 12 to about 23%, or from about 15 to about 23%, or from about 18 to about 23%, or from about 21 to about 23%, or from about 9 to about 20%, or from about 12 to about 20%, or from about 15 to about 20%, or from about 18 to about 20%, or from about 9 to about 17%, or from about 12 to about 17%, or from about 15 to about 17%, or from about 9 to about 14%, or from about 12 to about 14%, or from about 9 to about 11 %, or from about 12 to about 17%, or from about 15 to about 17%, or from about 9 to about 14%, or from about 12 to about 14%, or at least about 9%, about 12%, about 15%, about 18%, about 21%, about 24%, about 27%, about 30%, about 33%, about 36%, about 39%, about 42%, about 45%, about 48% or about 51 %.Terpenoids

[0140] According to some embodiments, the capsule has terpenoids levels, preferably at the hydrophobic core, ranging from about 2 to about 31%, or from about 4 to about 31%, or from about 6 to about 31%, orfrom about 8 to about 31%, orfrom about 10 to about 31%, orfrom about 12 to aboutFile No.: P7236PC0031 %, or or from about 14 to about 31 %, or from about 16 to about 31%, or from about 18 to about 31%, or from about 20 to about 31%, or from about 22 to about 31%, or from about 24 to about 31 %, or from about 26 to about 31%, or from about 28 to about 31 %, or from about 30 to about 31 %, From about 2 to about 30%, or from about 4 to about 30%, or from about 6 to about 30%, or from about 8 to about 30%, or from about 10 to about 30%, or from about 12 to about 30%, or from about 14 to about 30%, or from about 16 to about 30%, or from about 18 to about 30%, or from about 20 to about 30%, or from about 22 to about 30%, or from about 24 to about 30%, or from about 26 to about 30%, or from about 28 to about 30%, From about 2 to about 28%, or from about 4 to about 28%, or from about 6 to about 28%, orfrom about 8 to about 28%, orfrom about 10 to about 28%, or from about 12 to about 28%, or from about 14 to about 28%, or from about 16 to about 28%, or from about 18 to about 28%, or from about 20 to about 28%, or from about 22 to about 28%, or from about 24 to about 28%, or from about 26 to about 28%, orfrom about 2 to about 26%, orfrom about 4 to about 26%, orfrom about 6 to about 26%, orfrom about 8 to about 26%, orfrom about 10 to about 26%, or from about 12 to about 26%, or from about 14 to about 26%, or from about 16 to about 26%, or from about 18 to about 26%, or from about 20 to about 26%, or from about 22 to about 26%, or from about 24 to about 26%, or from about 2 to about 24%, or from about 4 to about 24%, orfrom about 6 to about 24%, or from about 8 to about 24%, or from about 10 to about 24%, or from about 12 to about 24%, or from about 14 to about 24%, or from about 16 to about 24%, orfrom about 18 to about 24%, orfrom about 20 to about 24%, or from about 22 to about 24%, or from about 2 to about 22%, or from about 4 to about 22%, or from about 6 to about 22%, orfrom about 8 to about 22%, orfrom about 10 to about 22%, orfrom about 12 to about 22%, or from about 14 to about 22%, or from about 16 to about 22%, or from about 18 to about 22%, or from about 20 to about 22%, or from about 2 to about 20%, or from about 4 to about 20%, or from about 6 to about 20%, or from about 8 to about 20%, or from about 10 to about 20%, or from about 12 to about 20%, or from about 14 to about 20%, or from about 16 to about 20%, or from about 18 to about 20%, orfrom about 2 to about 18%, orfrom about 4 to about 18%, orfrom about 6 to about 18%, or from about 8 to about 18%, or from about 10 to about 18%, or from about 12 to about 18%, or from about 14 to about 18%, or from about 16 to about 18%, or from about 2 to about 16%, orfrom about 4 to about 16%, or from about 6 to about 16%, or from about 8 to about 16%, or from about 10 to about 16%, or from about 12 to about 16%, or from about 14 to about 16%, or from about 2 to about 14%, or from about 4 to about 14%, orfrom about 6 to about 14%, orfrom about 8 to about 14%, orfrom about 10 to about 14%, or from about 12 to about 14%, or from about 2 to about 12%, or from about 4 to about 12%, or from about 6 to about 12%, or from about 8 to about 12%, or from about 10 to about 12%, or from about 2 to about 10%, or from about 4 to about 10%, or from about 6 to about 10%, or from about 8 to about 10%, or from about 2 to about 8%, or from about 4 to about 8%, or from about 6File No.: P7236PC00 to about 8%, or from about 2 to about 6%, or from about 4 to about 6%, or from about 2 to about 4%, or at least about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 or 30%.Fatty acids

[0141] According to some embodiments, the capsule has fatty acids levels, preferably at the outer layer, ranging from about 26% to about 57%, or from about 28% to about 57%, or from about30% to about 57%, or from about 32% to about 57%, or from about 34% to about 57%, or from about 36% to about 57%, or from about 38% to about 57%, or from about 40% to about 57%, or from about 42% to about 57%, or from about 44% to about 57%, or from about 46% to about 57%, or from about 48% to about 57%, or from about 50% to about 57%, or from about 52% to about 57%, or from about 54% to about 57%, or from about 56% to about 57%, or from about 26% to about 56%, or from about 28% to about 56%, or from about 30% to about 56%, or from about 32% to about 56%, or from about 34% to about 56%, or from about 36% to about 56%, or from about 38% to about 56%, or from about 40% to about 56%, or from about 42% to about 56%, or from about 44% to about 56%, or from about 46% to about 56%, or from about 48% to about 56%, or from about 50% to about 56%, or from about 52% to about 56%, or from about 54% to about 56%, or from about 26% to about 54%, or from about 28% to about 54%, or from about 30% to about 54%, or from about 32% to about 54%, or from about 34% to about 54%, or from about 36% to about 54%, or from about 38% to about 54%, or from about 40% to about 54%, or from about 42% to about 54%, or from about 44% to about 54%, or from about 46% to about 54%, or from about 48% to about 54%, or from about 50% to about 54%, or from about 52% to about 54%, or from about 26% to about 52%, or from about 28% to about 52%, or from about 30% to about 52%, or from about 32% to about 52%, or from about 34% to about 52%, or from about 36% to about 52%, or from about 38% to about 52%, or from about 40% to about 52%, or from about 42% to about 52%, or from about 44% to about 52%, or from about 46% to about 52%, or from about 48% to about 52%, or from about 50% to about 52%, or from about 26% to about 50%, or from about 28% to about 50%, or from about 30% to about 50%, or from about 32% to about 50%, or from about 34% to about 50%, or from about 36% to about 50%, or from about 38% to about 50%, or from about 40% to about 50%, or from about 42% to about 50%, or from about 44% to about 50%, or from about 46% to about 50%, or from about 48% to about 50%, or from about 26% to about 48%, or from about 28% to about 48%, or from about 30% to about 48%, or from about 32% to about 48%, or from about 34% to about 48%, or from about 36% to about 48%, or from about 38% to about 48%, or from about 40% to about 48%, or from about 42% to about 48%, or from about 44% to about 48%, or from about 46% to about 48%, or from about 26% to about 46%, or from about 28% to about 46%, or from about 30% to about 46%, or from about 32% to about 46%, or from about 34% to about 46%, or from about 36% to about 46%, or from about 38% to about 46%, or from about 40% to about 46%, or from aboutFile No.: P7236PC0042% to about 46%, or from about 44% to about 46%, or from about 26% to about 44%, or from about28% to about 44%, or from about 30% to about 44%, or from about 32% to about 44%, or from about34% to about 44%, or from about 36% to about 44%, or from about 38% to about 44%, or from about40% to about 44%, or from about 42% to about 44%, or from about 26% to about 42%, or from about28% to about 42%, or from about 30% to about 42%, or from about 32% to about 42%, or from about34% to about 42%, or from about 36% to about 42%, or from about 38% to about 42%, or from about40% to about 42%, or from about 26% to about 40%, or from about 28% to about 40%, or from about30% to about 40%, or from about 32% to about 40%, or from about 34% to about 40%, or from about36% to about 40%, or from about 38% to about 40%, or from about 26% to about 38%, or from about28% to about 38%, or from about 30% to about 38%, or from about 32% to about 38%, or from about34% to about 38%, or from about 36% to about 38%, or from about 26% to about 36%, or from about28% to about 36%, or from about 30% to about 36%, or from about 32% to about 36%, or from about34% to about 36%, or from about 26% to about 34%, or from about 28% to about 34%, or from about30% to about 34%, or from about 32% to about 34%, or from about 26% to about 32%, or from about28% to about 32%, or from about 30% to about 32%, or from about 26% to about 30%, or from about28% to about 30%, or from about 26% to about 28%, or at least about 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54 or 56%.Amino acids and peptides

[0142] According to some embodiments, the capsule has amino acids and peptides levels, may present in both inner and outer parts of the capsule, ranging from about 9 to about 30%, or from about 11 to about 30%, or from about 13 to about 30%, or from about 15 to about 30%, or from about 17 to about 30%, or from about 19 to about 30%, or from about 21 to about 30%, or from about 23 to about 30%, or from about 25 to about 30%, or from about 27 to about 30%, or from about 29 to about 30%, or from about 9 to about 28%, or from about 11 to about 28%, or from about 13 to about 28%, or from about 15 to about 28%, or from about 17 to about 28%, or from about 19 to about 28%, or from about 21 to about 28%, or from about 23 to about 28%, or from about 25 to about 28%, or from about 27 to about 28%, or from about 9 to about 26%, or from about 11 to about 26%, or from about 13 to about 26%, or from about 15 to about 26%, or from about 17 to about 26%, or from about 19 to about 26%, or from about 21 to about 26%, or from about 23 to about 26%, or from about 25 to about 26%, or from about 9 to about 24%, or from about 11 to about 24%, or from about 13 to about 24%, or from about 15 to about 24%, or from about 17 to about 24%, or from about 19 to about 24%, or from about 21 to about 24%, or from about 23 to about 24%, or from about 9 to about 22%, or from about 11 to about 22%, or from about 13 to about 22%, or from about 15 to about 22%, or from about 17 to about 22%, or from about 19 to about 22%, or from about 21 to about 22%, or from about 9 to about 20%, orFile No.: P7236PC00 from about 11 to about 20%, or from about 13 to about 20%, or from about 15 to about 20%, or from about 17 to about 22%, or from about 19 to about 22%, or from about 21 to about 22%, or from about 9 to about 20%, or from about 11 to about 20%, or from about 13 to about 20%, or from about 15 to about 20%, or from about 17 to about 20%, or from about 19 to about 20%, or from about 9 to about 18%, or from about 11 to about 18%, or from about 13 to about 18%, or from about 15 to about 18%, or from about 17 to about 18%, or from about 9 to about 16%, or from about 11 to about 16%, or from about 13 to about 16%, or from about 15 to about 16%, or from about 9 to about 14%, or from about 11 to about 14%, or from about 13 to about 14%, or from about 9 to about 12%, or from about 11 to about 12%, or from about 9 to about 10%, or at least about 9, 11 , 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 , 23, 25, 27 or 29%.EXAMPLE 1ENCAPSULATION OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULE CURCUMIN

[0143] Now referring to Figure 2, which is an example of encapsulation using Encapsulant 1 (step c) according to the sequential operational steps d and e to achieve encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecules. The fluorescent hydrophobic molecule used was curcumin (Empirical Formula: C2iH2o06) with molecular weight of 368.385 g / mol and it is almost insoluble in water (less than 8 pg / L at 20 °C).

[0144] In step d, 3.68 ppm of curcumin dissolved in a second solvent (95% ethanol and 5% DMSO) mixed with 4500 ppm of biological encapsulant materials dissolved in first solvent to obtain a homogeneous mixture. In step e of the process, six volumes of a third solvent of aqueous solution (0.1x PBS, pH 7.4) is mixed to one volume of the homogeneous mixture to obtain curcumin encapsulation formulation.

[0145] The resultant formulation of encapsulated curcumin was analyzed using fluorescent spectroscopic analysis. Curcumin is inherently fluorescent (excitation at 420 nm and emission at 570 nm). The above curcumin formulation was subjected to a separation of particles from the soluble parts using a 300 kDa spin-filter. The spin filtration was done at room temperature with centrifugal force of 2000 rpm for 30 minutes. The flow through from the filter having no particles (i.e. , indicating free nonencapsulated curcumin) were collected and the volume was measured. The holding part of the spinfilter having particles was collected and volume adjusted to the original volume by adding the same volume of water as the volume measured for flow through. The samples of flow through and the particles were diluted 10 times in 80% ethanol for spectroscopic analysis (excitation at 420 nm and emission at 570 nm). The dilution in 80% ethanol disrupted all the particles so that encapsulated curcumin was liberated into the solution for fluorescent spectroscopic measurements of relative fluorescent units (RFU) and a concentration curve was constructed to demonstrate linearity of theFile No.: P7236PC00 fluorescent spectroscopic measurements (Figure 2A). Figure 2B shows RFU of 10 times diluted flow- through representing free non-encapsulated curcumin present (RFU 2413) and 10 times diluted encapsulated curcumin present (RFU 38856) in the formulation, which is about 16 time less than the encapsulated curcumin or in other words 16 part out of 17 parts were encapsulated, which is about 94.11 % encapsulation efficiency. The absolute mass ratio of encapsulant molecules to curcumin is about 1300:1 . Figure 2C shows a transmission electron microscopy photograph of the above curcumin encapsulated formulation. Figure 2D, left panel shows particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the curcumin encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS) and right panel showing Raw Correlation Data of the above panel indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population.EXAMPLE 2ENCAPSULATION OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULE CARVEDILOL

[0146] Now referring to Figure 3, which is an example of encapsulation using Encapsulant 1 (step c) according to the sequential operational steps d and e to achieve encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule. The hydrophobic molecule used was carvedilol (Empirical Formula: C24H26N2O4) with molecular weight of 406.5 g / mol and it is practically insoluble in water.

[0147] In step d, 203.25 ppm of carvedilol dissolved in a second solvent (80% ethanol and 20% DMSO) mixed with 4500 ppm of biological encapsulant materials dissolved in first solvent to obtain a homogeneous mixture. In step e of the process, six volumes of a third solvent of aqueous solution (0.1x PBS, pH 7.4) is mixed to one volume of the homogeneous mixture to obtain carvedilol encapsulation formulation.

[0148] The resultant formulation of encapsulated carvedilol was analyzed using fluorescent spectroscopic analysis. Carvedilol fluorescent (excitation at 254 nm and emission at 365 nm) was measured using similar 300 kDa spin-filter method of Figure 2 Example 1 . The samples of flow through and the particles were diluted 10 times in 80% ethanol for spectroscopic analysis (excitation at 254 nm and emission at 365 nm). The dilution in 80% ethanol disrupted all the particles so that encapsulated carvedilol was liberated into the solution for fluorescent spectroscopic measurements of relative fluorescent units (RFU) and the standard concentration curve was constructed where linearity of concentration shown in dotted line (Figure 3A). Figure 3B shows RFU of 10 times diluted flow-through representing free non-encapsulated carvedilol present (RFU 301) and 10 times diluted encapsulated carvedilol present (RFU 41427) in the formulation and the absolute mass ratio of encapsulant molecules to carvedilol is about 155:1. Figure 3C shows particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the said carvedilol encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1 x PBS) and Figure 3DFile No.: P7236PC00 showing Raw Correlation Data of the latter sample indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population. Figure 3E shows the Raw Correlation Data of the 300 kDa spinfilter flow-through having very poor correlation indicating no particles and results do not meet quality criteria.EXAMPLE 3ENCAPSULATION OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULE ANTIMYCIN A

[0149] Now referring to Figure 4, which is an example of encapsulation using Encapsulant 2 (step c) according to the sequential operational steps d and e to achieve encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecules. The hydrophobic molecule used was Antimycin A (Empirical Formula: C24H26N2O4) with molecular weight of 406.5 g / mol and it is practically insoluble in water.

[0150] In step d, 60 ppm of Antimycin A dissolved in a second solvent (95% ethanol and 5% DMSO) mixed with 13810 ppm of biological encapsulant materials dissolved in first solvent to obtain a homogeneous mixture. In step e of the process, six volumes of a third solvent of aqueous solution (0.1x PBS, pH 7.4) is mixed to one volume of the homogeneous mixture to obtain Antimycin A encapsulation formulation.

[0151] The above Antimycin A encapsulation formulation was subjected to a separation of particles from the soluble parts using a 300 kDa spin-filter. The spin filtration was done at room temperature with centrifugal force of 2000 rpm for 30 minutes. The flow through from the filter having no particles (i.e., indicating free non-encapsulated Antimycin A) were collected and the volume was measured. The holding part of the spin-filter having particles was collected and volume adjusted to the original volume by adding the same volume of water as the volume measured for flow through. In another embodiment, the above Antimycin A encapsulation formulation was subjected to dialysis using a 10 kDa dialysis membrane in 30-times excess volume of 0.1x PBS for 6 hours.

[0152] The resultant formulations of encapsulated Antimycin A were analyzed using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) method. Only capsule without Antimycin A was used to determine if capsule matrix affects the Antimycin A peak. A 0.1 g of sample formulation materials were extracted in 10.0 mL acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid, followed by a ten-fold dilution in acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid and latter injected in triplicate where the instrumental detection limit was 5 ng / mL with a linear range from 5 to 1 ,000 ng / mL, R2> 0.995. Capsule matrix interference was found to be approximately 1 .6% with Antimycin A (Figure 4A).

[0153] The MS / MS instrument Xevo TQ-S micro was used at parameter setting for this analysis: Electrospray Ionization, Negative mode; Capillary Voltage -1.70 kV, Desolvation Temperature 650°C, Desolvation Gas Flow 1000 L / h Nitrogen, Cone Gas Flow 50 L / h Nitrogen; Collision CellFile No.: P7236PC00Pressure 3.27-10'3torr; Collision Gas Argon. For the parameters for quantitation of Antimycin A the LC- MS / MS instrument was operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and m / z (mass / charge) was determined as 547.2151 , which is in agreement with literature. The result of Antimycin A concentration in samples shown in the following table:Table 1 - Antimycin A concentration in samples(± standard deviation, SD; n= number of analyses; relative standard deviation or RSD= dividing SD by the mean and expressing it as a percentage)

[0154] The results indicate about 92% encapsulation efficiency of Antimycin A with an absolute mass ratio of encapsulant molecules to Antimycin A is about 35.74: 1 .

[0155] Figure 4B shows particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the said Antimycin A encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS) The hydrodynamic diameter is presented as Z-average (nm) and PDI is polydispersity index.EXAMPLE 4ENCAPSULATION OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULE SALINOMYCIN

[0156] Now referring to Figure 5, which is an example of encapsulation using Encapsulant 3 (step c) according to the sequential operational steps d and e to achieve encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule. The hydrophobic molecule used was Salinomycin (Empirical Formula: C42H70O11) with molecular weight of 751 .011 g / mol and it is practically insoluble in water.

[0157] In step d, 6000 ppm of Salinomycin dissolved in a second solvent (95% ethanol and 5% DMSO) mixed with 218000 ppm of biological encapsulant materials dissolved in first solvent to obtain a homogeneous mixture. In step e of the process, 8.4 volumes of a third solvent of aqueous solution (0.1x PBS, pH 7.4) is mixed to one volume of the homogeneous mixture to obtain Salinomycin encapsulation formulation.File No.: P7236PC00

[0158] The above Salinomycin encapsulation formulation was subjected to a separation of particles from the soluble parts using a 100 kDa spin-filter. The spin filtration was done at room temperature with centrifugal force of 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. The flow through from the filter having no particles (i.e., indicating free non-encapsulated Salinomycin) were collected and the volume was measured. The holding part of the spin-filter having particles was collected and measured to be 2.25 times concentrated to the original volume. In another embodiment, the above Salinomycin encapsulation formulation was subjected to dialysis using a 10 kDa dialysis membrane with four time change of dialysis liquid (0.1x PBS), each 100-times excess volume, once each day for 4 days at 22°C.

[0159] The resultant formulations of encapsulated Salinomycin were analysis using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) method. Only capsule without Salinomycin was used to determine if capsule matrix affects the Salinomycin peak. A 0.1 g of sample formulation materials were extracted in 10.0 mL acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid, followed by a ten-fold dilution in acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid and latter injected in triplicate where the instrumental detection limit was 5 ng / mL with a linear range from 5 to 1 ,000 ng / mL, R2> 0.995. Capsule matrix interference was found to be approximately 4.0% with Salinomycin (Figure 5A).

[0160] The MS / MS instrument Xevo TQ-S micro was used at parameter setting for this analysis: Electrospray Ionization, Negative mode; Capillary Voltage + 1.40kV, Desolvation Temperature 650°C, Desolvation Gas Flow 1000 L / h Nitrogen, Cone Gas Flow 50 L / h Nitrogen; Collision Cell Pressure 3.27 10'3torr; Collision Gas Argon. For the parameters for quantitation of Antimycin A the LC- MS / MS instrument was operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and m / z (mass / charge) was determined as 773.5, which is in agreement with literature. The result of Salinomycin concentration in samples shown in the following table:Table 2 - Salinomycin concentration in samples( ± standard deviation, SD; n= number of analysis; relative standard deviation or RSD= dividing SD by the mean and expressing it as a percentage)File No.: P7236PC00

[0161] The results indicate about 96.69% encapsulation efficiency of Salinomycin with an absolute mass ratio of encapsulant molecules to Salinomycin is about 36.33: 1 .

[0162] Figure 5B shows a transmission electron microscopy photograph of the above Salinomycin encapsulated formulation. Figure 5C, upper panel shows particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the Salinomycin encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS) and bottom panel showing Raw Correlation Data of the above panel indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population. The hydrodynamic diameter is presented as Z-average (nm) and PDI is polydispersity index. Similarly, Figure 5D is showing particles after dialysis for four days (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS).EXAMPLE 5ENCAPSULATION OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULE CHLORANTRANILIPROLE

[0163] Now referring to Figure 6, which is an example of encapsulation using Encapsulant 4 (step c) according to the sequential operational steps d and e to achieve encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule. The hydrophobic molecule used was Chlorantraniliprole (Empirical Formula: Ci8Hi4BrCl2NsO2) with molecular weight of 483.1 g / mol and it is practically insoluble in water.

[0164] In step d, 1000 ppm of Chlorantraniliprole dissolved in a second solvent (50% methanol and 50% acetone) mixed with 28800 ppm of biological encapsulant materials dissolved in first solvent to obtain a homogeneous mixture. In step e of the process, 9 volumes of a third solvent of aqueous solution (0.1x PBS, pH 7.4) is mixed to one volume of the homogeneous mixture to obtain Chlorantraniliprole encapsulation formulation.

[0165] The above Chlorantraniliprole encapsulation formulation was subjected to a separation of particles from the soluble parts using a 100 kDa spin-filter. The spin filtration was done at room temperature with centrifugal force of 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. The flow through from the filter having no particles (i.e. , indicating free non-encapsulated Chlorantraniliprole) were collected and the volume was measured. The holding part of the spin-filter having particles was collected and measured to be 1.2 times concentrated to the original volume.

[0166] The resultant formulations of encapsulated Chlorantraniliprole were analysis using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) method. Only capsule without Chlorantraniliprole was used to determine if capsule matrix affects the Chlorantraniliprole peak. A 0.1 g of sample formulation materials were extracted in 10.0 mL acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, followed by a ten-fold dilution in acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid and latter injected in triplicate where the instrumental detection limit was 5 ng / mL with a linear range from 5 to 5,000 ng / mL, R2> 0.995. Capsule matrix interference was found to be significant; a 24% signal enhancement ofFile No.: P7236PC00Ch Io rantran il i prole peak was seen (Figure 6A). As chlorantraniliprole was prone to matrix effects in this MS / MS method from the nanocarriers, the analyses made use of a matrix-matched calibration curve to quantify the compound in the presence of matrix.

[0167] The MS / MS instrument Xevo TQ-S micro was used at parameter setting for this analysis: Electrospray Ionization, Negative mode; Capillary Voltage + 1.40kV, Desolvation Temperature 650°C, Desolvation Gas Flow 1000 L / h Nitrogen, Cone Gas Flow 50 L / h Nitrogen; Collision Cell Pressure 3.27 10'3torr; Collision Gas Argon. For the parameters for quantitation of Chlorantraniliprole the LC- MS / MS instrument was operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and m / z (mass / charge) was determined as 482.1 and 483.9, which are in agreement with literature. The result of Chlorantraniliprole concentration in samples shown in the following table:Table 3 - Chlorantraniliprole concentration in samples( ± standard deviation, SD; n= number of analysis; relative standard deviation or RSD= dividing SD by the mean and expressing it as a percentage)

[0168] The results indicate about 67% encapsulation efficiency of Chlorantraniliprole with an absolute mass ratio of encapsulant molecules to Chlorantraniliprole is about 28.8: 1 . Figure 6B shows particle size distribution as hydrodynamic diameter of the Chlorantraniliprole encapsulated formulation (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS) the hydrodynamic diameter is presented as Z-average (nm) and PDI is polydispersity index.EXAMPLE 6ENCAPSULATION OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULE CORN OIL

[0169] Now referring to Figure 7, which is an example of encapsulation using Encapsulant 3 (step c) according to the sequential operational steps d and e to achieve encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule. The hydrophobic molecule used was ultra-refined corn oil with average molecular weight of 872.33 g / mol respectively containing 2 mg / ml of Oil-Red-O, a fat-soluble dye.File No.: P7236PC00

[0170] In step d, 461500 ppm of the said corn oil with Oil-Red-O dissolved in a second solvent (95% ethanol) mixed with 66000 ppm of biological encapsulant materials dissolved in first solvent to obtain a homogeneous mixture. In step e of the process, five volumes of a third solvent of aqueous solution (0.1x PBS, pH 7.4) is mixed to one volume of the homogeneous mixture to obtain corn oil encapsulation (oil-in-water) formulation. No floating oil was observed after one month of storage at 23°C, which indicates near 100% oil in water encapsulation with an absolute mass ratio of encapsulant molecules to oil is about 6.99: 1 .

[0171] Figure 7 shows the resultant formulation of encapsulated corn oil was photographed using microscopy.EXAMPLE 7ENCAPSULATION OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULES VITAMIN A (RETINOL) AND VITAMIN E (+ / - ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL)

[0172] Now referring to Figure 8, which is an example of encapsulation using Encapsulant 2 (step c) according to the sequential operational steps d and e to achieve encapsulation of a hydrophobic molecule. The fluorescent hydrophobic molecules used were Vitamin A (Retinol) and Vitamin E (+ / - alpha-Tocopherol) (Empirical Formula: C20H30O and C29H50O2 respectively) with molecular weight of 286.45 and 430.71 g / mol respectively. They are almost insoluble in water and they are fat soluble vitamins.

[0173] The resultant formulation of encapsulated Vitamin A and Vitamin E was analyzed (diluted 50 times in 0.1x PBS) for the hydrodynamic diameter measurement and is presented as Z average (nm) and PDI is polydispersity index (Figure 8A). Raw Correlation Data of the formulation indicating good quality data having sufficient particles of homogenous population. (Figure 8B).

[0174] In step d, 20,000 ppm of Vitamin A and 17,320 ppm Vitamin E dissolved in a second solvent (95% ethanol) mixed with 13810 ppm of biological encapsulant materials dissolved in first solvent to obtain a homogeneous mixture. In step e of the process, 5.7 volumes of a third solvent of aqueous solution (0.1x PBS, pH 7.4) is mixed to one volume of the homogeneous mixture to obtain Vitamin A and Vitamin E encapsulation formulation.

[0175] The resultant formulation of encapsulated Vitamin A and Vitamin E was analyzed using fluorescent spectroscopic analysis. Absolute mass ratio of encapsulant molecules to oil is about 1 : 6.99.

[0176] Figure 9 shows a schematic of the capsule or encapsulated hydrophobic molecule using biological encapsulant materials from the source biological material. The resultant formulation ofFile No.: P7236PC00 particles which became ultra-tiny capsules to protect the hydrophobic molecules from surrounding water-based suspension. An outer shell layer forms as water compatible encapsulation or capsule with a core holding the said hydrophobic molecules.

[0177] While preferred embodiments have been described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made without departing from this disclosure. Such modifications are considered as possible variants comprised in the scope of the disclosure.

Claims

File No.: P7236PC00CLAIMS :

1. A capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said hydrophobic molecule in an aqueous media, the capsule comprising biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, amino acids and peptides, forming:• a hydrophobic core encapsulating said hydrophobic molecule and comprising from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2 to about 31 % (w / w) of said terpenoids; and• an outer shell layer, surrounding said hydrophobic core, and comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility; said capsules having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm.

2. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the biological molecules further comprise shikimates, phenylpropanoids, carbohydrates, sphingolipids, nucleosides, polyketides or a combination thereof.

3. The capsule of claim 1 or 2, wherein the encapsulated hydrophobic molecule is an insoluble molecule or a sparsely soluble molecule with solubility limit less than 20 mg / L of water.

4. The capsule of any one of claims 1 - 3, wherein said hydrophobic molecule has a molecular weight < 3 kDa.

5. The capsule of any one of claims 1 - 4, wherein said biological molecules are extracted from a yeast fermentation bioreactor material.

6. The capsule of any one of claims 1 - 5, wherein said biological molecules are extracted without use of any surfactants or emulsifiers or carrier oils.

7. The capsule of any one of claims 1 - 6, wherein said hydrophobic molecule may be a nutraceutical product, a food product, a cosmetic product, or combinations thereof.

8. The capsule of any one of claims 1 - 6, wherein said hydrophobic molecule is a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, a herbicide compound, and / or an anti-microbial compound.File No.: P7236PC009. The capsule of any one of claims 1 - 8, wherein said capsule encapsulates two or more hydrophobic molecules.

10. The capsule of any one of claims 1 - 9, wherein said capsule is a plurality of capsules having a homogeneous size distribution, or a uniformly disperse size distribution.

11. The capsule of claim 10, wherein said homogeneous size distribution corresponds to a polydispersity index (PDI) less than or equal to 0.7.

12. The capsule of claim 11 , wherein said homogeneous size distribution corresponds to a PDI less than or equal to 0.3.

13. A composition for use in management of poultry and / or agricultural pest and disease, comprising the capsule of any one of claims 1 to 12 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the hydrophobic molecule is a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, a herbicide compound, an anti-microbial compound, or combinations thereof.

13. A method for managing agricultural pest and diseases, the method comprising contacting a plant having a pest and / or a disease with a composition, the composition comprising:-an anti-microbial compound; and-a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said anti-microbial compound in an aqueous media, the capsule comprising biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides, forming:• a hydrophobic core encapsulating said anti-microbial compound and from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2 to about 31 % (w / w) of said terpenoids; and• an outer shell layer, surrounding said hydrophobic core and comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility; said capsules having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm.

14. A method for managing poultry, the method comprising contacting the poultry with a composition, the composition comprising:- a pesticide compound, a fungicide compound, and / or an anti-microbial compound; and- a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule for solubilization of said pesticide compound, said fungicide compound, said herbicide compound, and / or said anti-microbial compound,File No.: P7236PC00 the capsule comprising biological molecules comprising alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids and peptides, forming:• a hydrophobic core encapsulating said pesticide compound, said fungicide compound, and / or said anti-microbial compound, and from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloids and from about 2 to about 31% (w / w) of said terpenoids; and• an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acids and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acids and peptides, providing a water compatibility; said capsules having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm.

15. A method for solubilization of a hydrophobic molecule, comprising contacting the hydrophobic molecule with a capsule encapsulating a hydrophobic molecule and comprising biological molecules comprising an alkaloid, a terpenoid, a fatty acid and an amino acids and peptide to form a water compatible and soluble capsule comprising a hydrophobic core encapsulating said product, and from about 9 to about 53% (w / w) of said alkaloid and from about 2 to about 31 % (w / w) of said terpenoid; and an outer shell layer, comprising from about 26 to about 57% (w / w) of said fatty acid and from about 9 to about 30% (w / w) of said amino acid and peptide; said water compatible and soluble capsule having a size of from about 100 nm to about 10 pm, wherein said hydrophobic molecule is a nutraceutical compound, a pharmaceutical compound, a compound for use in a food product, a compound for use in a cosmetic product, or combinations thereof.

16. The composition of claim 12, or the method of any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the composition of said water compatible and soluble capsule is free of surfactant.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein said pest is selected from nematodes, arthropods, bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites.

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