Method for moving a heavy load, and moving device for carrying out the method

Abstract

In a method, a heavy load can be moved in the horizontal or approximately horizontal direction on a sliding guide (12) of a base (11), the heavy load preferably being a tunnel boring machine (15) which is held on a moveable supporting structure (20) which in turn can be moved on a sliding track piece (25) which can be adjusted on the sliding guide (12). At least the heavy load can be raised relative to the sliding track piece (25) in order to advance said sliding track piece (25) in the adjustment direction without the heavy load. The heavy load is then placed on the sliding track piece (25) again via the supporting structure (20) and moved in a motorised manner up to the front end of the sliding track piece (25). In this way, a stepwise graduated forward movement of a heavy load of this type can be carried out, for example in a tunnel, in a simple and reliable manner in tight spaces, even if the heavy load to be conveyed weighs several hundred tons.

Description

[0001] D165-P6-PCT

[0002] DSD Heavy Lift AG, 6315 Oberägeri, Switzerland

[0003] Method for moving a heavy load, and a moving device for carrying out the method

[0004] The invention relates to a method for moving a heavy load, in which this heavy load can be moved in a horizontal or approximately horizontal direction on a sliding guide of a base, and to a moving device for carrying out the method, according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 9.

[0005] According to publication WO2023 / 057217, a tunnel boring machine is disclosed which is equipped with a cutterhead and a number of thrust jacks with which the front-facing cutterhead can be displaced in a thrust direction. In the excavation direction, behind the cutterhead, the tunnel boring machine has a number of thrust jacks with which the cutterhead can be displaced in a thrust direction and, in particular, pressed against the tunnel face located in front of the cutterhead in the excavation direction with thrust forces. The cutterhead is mounted in a cylindrical shield of the tunnel boring machine, in which these thrust jacks are arranged and permanently installed. The thrust jacks are individually or grouped together and are uniformly connected to a thrust jack control unit with which the thrust jacks can be controlled to achieve a desired thrust effect.

[0006] The cutterhead, along with the thrust jacks and the entire machine, is pushed forward after a specific stroke has been completed, with this stroke being determined by the thrust jacks, which are piston / cylinder units. The tunnel boring machine is usually advanced on sliding strips, which requires considerable force.

[0007] The invention is based on the objective of providing a method for moving a heavy load, such as a tunnel boring machine, forward in a simple manner, requiring little space and allowing for precise displacement of the heavy load. Furthermore, this method is intended to ensure that this precise displacement of the heavy load is also suitable for curved tunnels or similar structures. This objective is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and claim 9.

[0008] In this process, a heavy load placed on a support structure is moved along an adjustable slide section. After being moved forward, it can be lifted off this slide section while stationary, allowing the slide section to be advanced in the adjustment direction without the heavy load. The heavy load can then be placed back onto the slide section via the support structure and moved to the front end of the slide section.

[0009] With this method according to the invention, such a heavy load can be moved in a simple and safe manner by a stepwise, graduated forward movement, for example during the construction of a tunnel in confined spaces, even if the heavy load to be moved weighs several hundred tons, preferably a tunnel boring machine that is brought into the operating position in the tunnel.

[0010] The heavy load is very advantageously pushed from the rear end of the slide section, where it is at least approximately flush with the back of the support structure's bearing surface, to the front end of the slide section, which is dimensioned to a specific length. This allows the entire length of the slide section to be utilized for each advance movement of the support structure.

[0011] After being advanced and reaching its final position, the heavy load is lifted off opposite this section of the slide track, using lifting devices which are advantageously provided on both sides of the supporting structure as piston-cylinder units arranged in a row in a holder, which in the unloaded state can also be moved along the base together with the supporting structure and the heavy load.

[0012] Advantageously, the heavy load for relieving the slide track section is first lifted on one side and then subsequently on the other side next to the supporting structure by these piston-cylinder units, so that the lifting means can be lifted first on one side and then on the other side with the same drive.

[0013] A significant advantage of the support structure is its longitudinal guidance system along its underside within the base, allowing for movement. This enables the support structure, and consequently the heavy load, to be moved within tight tolerances, even in curved tunnels. These additional guidance systems along the base allow for efficient and precise longitudinal movement of the heavy load without significant effort.

[0014] The support structure consists of a shell-shaped support for the heavy load, with at least one flat sliding element on its underside in the adjustment direction, lateral connecting webs to the lifting device, and at least one connection point for a tension element of the drive. This simple design of the support structure allows it to absorb surprisingly high weight forces when moving the heavy load. The invention and further advantages thereof are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawing. The drawing shows:

[0015] Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of the inventive shifting device with a tunnel boring machine to be placed on it as a heavy load;

[0016] Fig. 2 shows a front view of the supporting structure and the sliding track section of the shifting device with the tunnel boring machine indicated on it;

[0017] Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of the sliding mechanism from below with a section of the base;

[0018] Fig. 4 shows a perspective partial view of the lifting equipment for lifting the tunnel boring machine as a heavy load;

[0019] Fig. 5 shows a perspective top view of the drives for advancing the slide track section and the support structure with the heavy load;

[0020] Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of the curve of a tunnel with the shifting device and the tunnel boring machine placed on it;

[0021] Figs. 7 to 10 each show a top view of the sliding device on the base as it is advanced according to the inventive method;

[0022] Fig. 11 shows a top view of the tunnel boring machine with a centering element at the front and rear; and

[0023] Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of the centering element in its unmounted state. Figs. 1 to 5 show a sliding device 10, by means of which, as an exemplary embodiment, a heavy load is advanced on a site-provided base 11 running along the tunnel with an upper sliding guide 12, whereby the tunnel is not shown in detail, which in its raw state may, for example, have a circular wall.

[0024] These heavy loads can, in principle, be industrial machines such as generators, electrical systems, or reactors, for example, those used for metal extraction, manufactured in a state that is at least nearly ready for operation. These reactors process iron ore through direct reduction using renewable energy, producing iron primarily for the metal industry in a multi-stage process. Pipes for all types of underground pressure pipelines are also possible. However, they can also include building components, bridge parts, or any other heavy loads that need to be lifted or lowered, typically of a weight or size that cannot be handled with conventional equipment.

[0025] According to the invention, the heavy load is preferably a tunnel boring machine (TBM) that is movably mounted on a movable support structure 20 and a sliding track section 25 that is adjustable on the sliding guide 12 of the base 11. The TBM can be lifted relative to this sliding track section 25 while stationary in order to advance this sliding track section in the adjustment direction without the TBM itself. The TBM is then placed back onto the support structure 20 and the sliding track section 25, and both are moved by motor to the front end 26 of the sliding track section 25. It is sufficient to lift the TBM by a few centimeters, so this can be done with minimal energy expenditure. This TBM consists of the front drilling unit with the cutterhead and a shield housing supporting it, as well as so-called trailing units for the entire machine infrastructure, which are mobile and are also towed behind the machine.

[0026] For this purpose, the tunnel boring machine 15, which is mounted on the support structure 20, can be lifted by lifting means 30. These lifting means are equipped with piston / cylinder units 32, preferably arranged in rows, on both sides of the support structure 20 in a bracket 31. The lifting means 30 can also be moved along the base 11 together with the support structure 20 and the tunnel boring machine 15. These lifting means 30 comprise the piston / cylinder units 32, the brackets 31 with receptacles 36 arranged in rows, and longitudinal elements 33 holding these receptacles on both sides with end stop elements 37. These longitudinal elements 33 are preferably pivotably mounted on the support 31 by means of joints 34 and held in the direction of movement of the tunnel boring machine 15 by the end stop elements 37 at the front and rear, so that these lifting means 30 are carried along when the tunnel boring machine is advanced.

[0027] Within the scope of the invention, the piston-cylinder units 32 are positioned on inclined support surfaces 13, 14 on both sides next to the approximately horizontal sliding guide 12 at the base 11. These two support surfaces 13, 14, which rise obliquely upwards on the outside at the base 11, run approximately parallel to the tangential line t formed by the outer diameter of the tunnel boring machine 15 at the respective point at these support surfaces 13, 14 or at the bearing points of the piston / cylinder units 32. The support surfaces 13, 14 each extend at an angle of inclination α to the plane of the sliding guide 12, whereby this angle of inclination α can, for example, be between 10 and 20°.

[0028] The tunnel, not shown in detail, which in its raw state is formed, for example, with a circular wall that can only be approximately ten to thirty centimeters larger than the tunnel boring machine 15, results in these tight space constraints for its movement. The base 11, with its inclined support surfaces 13, 14, is adapted to the round shape of the tunnel.

[0029] The tunnel boring machine 15 shown in principle and known per se is essentially provided with a preferably cylindrical outer shell 16, a cutting wheel 17 mounted in this, a number of rotary tools 18 arranged at different positions and cutting breakers 19, so that with this cutting wheel 17 the rocky, stony or other material to be excavated can be cut out or broken out and removed from the tunnel.

[0030] The tunnel boring machine 15 is very advantageously lifted by the piston / cylinder units 32 first on one side and then subsequently on the other side next to the support structure 20, so that the lifting means 30 can be raised first on one side and then on the other with the same drive. The drive can be a hydraulic unit that raises or lowers the pistons 32' accordingly with the same contact pressure.

[0031] The support structure 20 remains supported on this slideway section 25 when the heavy load is lifted, but it is secured against movement during the advancement of the slideway section 25 by being coupled to the bracket 36 via these connecting webs 28, so that it is positioned correctly relative to the lifted tunnel boring machine 15. The slideway section 25 and the support structure 20 are each connected by a tension element 42, 43, each with a motor drive 41, 44, by which the support structure 20 with the heavy load can be moved by a tensile force. These tension elements 42, 43 each consist of one or more strands 42', 43' arranged parallel to one another.

[0032] The supporting structure 20 and the heavy load could be connected to each other and both could be lifted off the sliding track section 25 by the lifting devices 30 while stationary, in order to then advance the latter accordingly.

[0033] It could also be that only one drive is provided for pulling the two pulling elements 42, 43. Preferably, strand jack systems known per se are used for these drives 41, 44. In principle, however, other drives could also be used, such as hydraulic cylinders or similar devices, by means of which these pulling elements 34 would be held displaceable in their longitudinal direction, or alternatively, pushing the tunnel boring machine 15 would also be possible. The drives 41 for pulling the tunnel boring machine 15 are larger and more powerful than the drives 44 for pulling the guideway section 25.

[0034] The flat, box-shaped support structure 20, reinforced with ribs 39, is composed of a shell-shaped support 20', flat sliding plates 23 extending in the adjustment direction on their underside, connecting webs 28 leading laterally to the lifting device 30, and at least one connection point for the tensioning element 43 of the drive 41. The shell-shaped support 20' is designed as a partially cylindrical bearing surface such that it has the same outer diameter as the cylindrical outer shell 16 of the tunnel boring machine 15, which acts as a heavy load, so that the latter rests on it over a flat surface.

[0035] The adjustable slide section 25 on the sliding guide 12 of the base 11, on which the support structure 20 is slidably mounted, is preferably dimensioned with a length several times that of the support structure 20 so that the support structure 20 can be advanced by a certain stroke to the front end 26 of the slide section 25. This slide section 25 is preferably composed of several adjacent slide strips 21, 22 made of plastic and / or metal sheets, for example stainless steel, connected to each other by transverse bands. One or more corresponding slide plates 23 are guided on the underside of these slide strips 21, 22 at the support structure 20.The materials of the sliding rails 21 and the sliding plates 23 are matched to each other in such a way that they permanently withstand the resulting compressive force caused by the weight of the heavy load and, on the other hand, have good sliding properties so that the resulting tensile forces between them and also between the sliding track section 25 and the sliding guide 12 on the top of the base 11 remain within the specified drive powers of the drives 41, 44 when moving.

[0036] When the drives 41, 44 shown in Fig. 5 are used as stranded wire lifting systems, they each consist of a hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit 45, 46, which can be fixed to the base 11 by means of a stand 46, 47 and have an internal central through-opening for receiving a pull element 42, 43 in the horizontal direction. The respective cylinder 48, 49 is provided with an annular chamber in which the sleeve-shaped piston 51, 52 is guided in an approximately horizontal axial direction. At one end of the piston 51, 52 and at the other end of the cylinder 48, 49, a clamping device 53, 54 with radially adjustable clamps for holding the respective pull element 42, 43 is provided.In the retracted position of the piston, its clamps hold the pulling element 42, 43 in place, and a medium is pumped into a chamber in the cylinder, thus pulling the piston, and with it the pulling element 42, 43, and consequently the tunnel boring machine 15 as a heavy load. As soon as the piston is extended, the open clamps on the cylinder are closed, and those on the piston are opened, and the latter is then retracted. This process is repeated until, in particular, the heavy load to be moved has been moved as far as these drives 41, 44. When the heavy load or the sliding track section 25 is pulled, these pulling elements 42, 43 are moved backward and can, for example, be coiled up behind the drives 41, 44, which is not shown in detail.Either the two drives 41 are switched on to pull the support structure 20 and the heavy load placed on it, or the two smaller drives 44 are switched on to advance the slide track section 25. The control of the respective two drives 41, 44 is synchronized with each other, which can be achieved by pressure equalization to ensure an even load distribution.

[0037] Fig. 6 schematically shows the shifting device 10 in a tunnel with a curved profile, which can be bent with a radius of, for example, 420 m or 720 m, whereby the curves can be formed into a polygonal profile by straight sections.

[0038] The invention is characterized in that it also allows the tunnel boring machine 15 to be moved in a correspondingly curved tunnel with the base 11* without special precautions. The slide track section 25 and the base 11 are provided with a cooperating centering element 24, in which a projecting engagement element 35 on the slide track section 25 is guided longitudinally by a corresponding longitudinal groove 29 in the base 11 at the top of the sliding guide 12, as can also be seen in Fig. 2. This makes it possible that, if the tunnel has a curved profile, the slide track section 25, the support structure 20 and with it the heavy load are guided slidably within the required tolerance specification in the tunnel. For guiding the tension elements 42, 43, deflection rollers that can be attached to the base 11 are installed at specific intervals along the base so that these tension elements are always aligned approximately parallel to the direction of movement. Figs. 7 to 8Figure 10 shows the process flow of the advancement of the tunnel boring machine 15 in the tunnel according to the invention with the shifting device 10 described above.

[0039] First, the drives 41, 44 are advantageously and securely mounted on the base 11, and one end of the tensioning elements 42, 43 is inserted into the respective drives 41, 44. The drives 41, 44 can be mounted up to 200 m or more away from the support structure 20 in the tunnel, depending on the circumstances, and the tensioning elements 42, 43 are inserted accordingly along the base 11. The sliding track section 25 can then be placed on the base, the support structure 20 placed on top of it from behind, and the tensioning elements 42, 43 detachably attached to these. The tunnel boring machine 15 can then be placed on the support 20* of the support structure 20 as indicated, with the lifting devices 30 being held at the front of the tunnel boring machine by their stop elements 37.

[0040] As shown in Fig. 7, the support structure 20 is positioned on its rear side approximately flush with the end 27 of the sliding track section 25. When using stranded lifting systems, as explained above, the support structure 20 and the tunnel boring machine 15 (indicated by dashed lines) are then pulled by the respective stroke of the piston 45 of the drive 41. This is repeated until the front of the support structure 20 reaches the front end of the stationary sliding track section 25, as shown in Fig. 8. As the support structure 20 and the tunnel boring machine 15 are advanced, the two lifting devices 30 arranged laterally on them are also carried along by the tunnel boring machine 15, so that in the position shown in Fig. 8, they are raised first on one side and then on the other by a corresponding hydraulic control, and with them the tunnel boring machine 15 is raised accordingly, as explained above.This lifting of the tunnel boring machine 15 takes place when it is stationary. Theoretically, however, such a lifting could also occur when the tunnel boring machine 15 is moving forward, in which case the lifting means 30 would also have to slide on these inclined support surfaces 13, 14 during the movement of the tunnel boring machine so that the lifting force would always be directed almost perpendicular to the respective support surface 13, 14.

[0041] Next, the tunnel boring machine 15 can be raised by the lifting devices 30 to such an extent that the sliding track section 25 can be pulled in the direction of travel by the two drives 44 until its rear end 27 is again approximately flush with the back of the support structure 20, as indicated in Fig. 7. The length of the sliding track section 25 is limited to a maximum of 12 m primarily for transport reasons. However, this could vary depending on the application. It could also consist of several sections attached to one another.

[0042] According to Fig. 9, the sliding track section 25, with its front end 26, has already reached the drives 41, 44. It goes without saying that multiple such stepwise forward movements of the support structure and the sliding track section must be repeated until this final position is reached. Depending on the situation, the drives can then be detached from the base and reattached further back in the tunnel so that the tunnel boring machine can be moved further, or the drives can be removed.

[0043] Fig. 10 shows the support structure 20 and the lifting devices 30, which are also advanced to the drives 41, 44. In this final position, the tunnel boring machine 15 can then be lifted from the transfer device 10 by an external crane or the like and used for further tunnel boring.

[0044] The support structure 20, for example, has a length of 6 meters and Teflon strips on its underside, which are in sliding contact with the metal plates of the guideway section 25. With each stroke, it can be pulled forward by 6 meters. For a tunnel boring machine, for example, 200 m long, the machine must be lifted approximately 35 times from the starting position to the end using drives 41 and 44, and the guideway section must be advanced 35 times as well. In a curve, the guideway section is advantageously shorter than in a straight tunnel, for example, 10 m.

[0045] A further advantage of this method is that both the supporting structure 20 and the sliding track section 25 can be easily replaced at any time, especially in the event of a defect.

[0046] Figures 11 and 12 show a variant of centering elements 50 for the precise guidance of a heavy load, particularly in a tunnel. Advantageously, such a centering element 50 is centrally mounted on each end face of the heavy load, as in the tunnel boring machine 15 shown, by means of fastening elements 57. Each of these centering elements 50 is associated with a longitudinal member 56 and, at each of its two ends, with an adjustment motor 55 and radially outwardly pressed contact elements 58. This adjustment motor 55 is designed, for example, as a piston / cylinder unit and can be pressurized with a pressure medium. The centrally arranged longitudinal members 56 are designed as stable beams and are horizontally oriented; they ensure this centering of the heavy load during its advancement.

[0047] The contact elements 58, preferably designed as rotatably mounted sliding rollers, are pressed against the tunnel wall at four points by the adjusting motor 55 during operation, so that the tunnel boring machine 15 is always guided in the middle of the tunnel and thus a perfect positioning of the tunnel is achieved during movement.

[0048] In principle, it would be sufficient if only one centering element 50 with only one or one adjusting motor on each side were used, and this longitudinal member could also be designed as a rod, as telescopically adjustable tubes or similar.

[0049] The invention is sufficiently demonstrated by the exemplary embodiments described above. However, it could of course be further explained by other variations. The drive for moving the support structure, and thus the heavy load, could alternatively be a hydraulic piston drive or the like, instead of a strand jack.

[0050] The heavy load could, in principle, also be moved in the opposite direction to the illustrated adjustment direction. Only the drives with the pulling elements would need to be connected on the opposite side of the support structure or the slide section. After adjusting the support structure with the heavy load, the latter could then be lifted off the lifting devices, the slide section advanced accordingly, and the described procedure repeated in the opposite direction.

[0051] The lifting devices could also be those that each stand on a horizontal support surface and the tunnel boring machine would be provided with corresponding angle supports on the outer circumference, which would also be designed with horizontal support surfaces for the support of the pistons of the lifting devices for lifting the tunnel boring machine.

[0052] The supporting structure and the slide track section could of course be designed differently than described, in which one or more sliding elements could be designed differently.

Claims

D165-P6-PCT PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method for moving a heavy load, in which this heavy load can be moved in a horizontal or approximately horizontal direction on a sliding guide (12) of a base (11), characterized in that the heavy load, which is preferably a tunnel boring machine (15), is held on a movable support structure (20) which can be moved on a sliding track section (25) adjustable on the sliding guide (12), wherein at least the heavy load can be lifted relative to this sliding track section (25) in order to advance this sliding track section (25) in the adjustment direction without the heavy load, preferably until its rear end (27) is at least approximately flush with the rear of the support surface of the support structure (20), and that consequently the heavy load can be placed back onto the sliding track section (25) via the support structure (20) and moved by motor to the front end of the sliding track section (25).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heavy load, after it has been connected to the supporting structure (20) up to the front The end of the sliding track section (25) is pushed, and is lifted off relative to this sliding track section (25), particularly when stationary.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support structure (20) remains supported on this slide track section (25) when the heavy load is lifted, but is secured against movement when the slide track section is advanced, or that the support structure (20) and the heavy load are connected to each other and both can be lifted from this slide track section (25).

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least the heavy load can be lifted by lifting means (30) arranged on both sides next to the supporting structure (20).

5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that as lifting means (30) piston / cylinder units preferably arranged in rows in a holder (31) are used on both sides of the support structure (20), which can also be moved along the base (11) together with the support structure (20) and the heavy load.

6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the heavy load is first lifted off on one side and then subsequently on the other side next to the supporting structure (20), so that with the The same drive allows the lifting devices (30) to be lifted first on one side and then on the other side.

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the support structure (20) is connected by at least one tension element (42) to at least one drive (41) by which the support structure (20) with the heavy load can be moved by a tensile force.

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the supporting structure (20) with the heavy load is guided longitudinally during displacement, so that if, for example, the tunnel is provided with a curve, the supporting structure (20) and with it the heavy load can be moved within a narrow tolerance specification in the tunnel.

9. Displacement device for a heavy load for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heavy load is displaceable in an adjustment direction, characterized in that the displacement device (10) has a displaceable support structure (20) on which this heavy load, preferably provided as a tunnel boring machine (15), can be placed, a sliding track section (25) which slidably supports the support structure (20), and a lifting means (30) for lifting at least the heavy load, wherein the support structure (20) and with it the heavy load as well as the sliding track section (25) are displaceably held by at least one drive (41).

10. Displacement device according to claim 9, characterized in that the support structure (20) is composed of a shell-shaped support (20') for the heavy load, with at least one flat sliding plate (23) on the underside in the adjustment direction, lateral connecting webs (28) to the lifting means (30) and at least one connection point for a pull element (42) of the drive (41).

11. Displacement device according to claim 10, characterized in that the shell-shaped support (20') of the support structure (20) forms a partially cylindrical support surface which is dimensioned the same as the outer diameter of the heavy load, so that the latter rests on a flat surface.

12. Displacement device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that at least one centering element (50) is assigned to the displacement device (10), by means of which it is made possible that, for example, if the tunnel is provided with a curve, the heavy load is guided displaceably within the required tolerance specification in the tunnel.

13. Displacement device according to claim 12, characterized in that the support structure (20) is provided on its underside with the centering element, which serves to ensure that it is always centered in a corresponding longitudinal guide in the base (11) at the top of the sliding guide (12) during forward movement.

14. Displacement device according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one centering element (50) is assigned a longitudinal member (56) and at its two ends each an adjusting motor (55) and contact elements (58) which can be pressed radially outwards from this motor, which are preferably guided in the tunnel wall or the like.

15. Displacement device according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the sliding track section (25) adjustable on the sliding guide (12) of the base (11), on which the support structure (20) is slidably mounted, is dimensioned with a greater length than the support structure (20) so that the support structure can be moved forward by a certain length from the rear to the front end (27, 26) of the sliding track section (25).

16. Displacement device according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the sliding track section (25) is preferably composed of several strips (21, 22) arranged side by side and preferably connected to each other, wherein the strips (21, 22) are made of plastic and / or metal sheets, for example of stainless steel, on which the at least one sliding plate (23) attached to the underside of the support structure (20) is in corresponding sliding contact, in particular with good sliding properties.

17. Displacement device according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that as lifting means (30) piston / cylinder units (32, 32') are provided on both sides of the support structure (20) in a holder (31), preferably arranged in series, which can be supported on inclined support surfaces (13, 14) on both sides next to the sliding guide (12) at the base (11) and can also be displaced together with the support structure (20) and the heavy load along these inclined support surfaces (13, 14) of the base (11).

18. Displacement device according to claim 17, characterized in that the two support surfaces (13, 14) projecting obliquely upwards on the outside at the base (11) run approximately parallel to the tangential line (t) formed by the outer diameter of the heavy load at the respective adjacent point at these support surfaces (13, 14).

19. Displacement device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the supports (31) on both sides of the support structure (20) have containers or the like receiving the piston / cylinder units (32, 32') in a row and longitudinal elements (33) holding these containers with end stop elements (37), the latter clamping the heavy load placed in the support structure (20) at the front and rear.

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