Process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles

Abstract

A process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles, the process comprising (i) providing a stream S0 of recovered carbon black particles, wherein said particles comprise a carbon component at an average content cC(S0) and an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content cN(S0) and wherein said particles exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(S0) value in the range of from 5 to 200 μm; (ii) passing the stream S0 through a first centrifugal force classifier C1, obtaining a fine fraction stream SF1 and a coarse fraction stream SC1; (iii) passing the stream SF1 through a second centrifugal force classifier C2, obtaining from C2 a fine fraction stream SF2 and a coarse fraction stream SC2; (iv) passing the stream SF2 through a filter separator C3, obtaining from C3 a coarse fraction stream SC3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) value, wherein the particles of the stream SC3 comprise the carbon component at an average content cC(SC3) and the inorganic non-carbon component at an average content cN(SC3) with cN(SC3) < cN(S0) and cC(SC3) > cC(S0).

Description

Process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particlesThe present invention relates to a process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles, to a process for recycling carbon black, to the use of streams obtained by said processes, and to a fractionation unit for carrying out steps of said processes.Recovered carbon black particles, for example from tire recycling, usually contains micron-sized particles including agglomerates, even after milling. Such particles of this size are undesirable if carbon black is to be used, for example, as a pigment for plastics and / or coatings, and / or as a filler such as a reinforcing filler in tire applications. Further, recovered black usually contains inorganic non-carbon impurities such as Zn impurity components and Co impurity components, and / or Si impurity components which lower tint strength if the recovered black particles are used as a pigment or reduce the carbon black quality (reinforcing rubber) in rubber applications. Therefore, the reduction of such impurities, in particular with respect to Zn and Co impurities, would increase the number of safe applications of recovered carbon black.Surprisingly, it was found that by implementing a specific process comprising subsequent fractionation steps, including the serial arrangement of centrifugal force classifiers followed by a filter separator, a stream of recovered carbon black particles can be obtained which meets both said particle size requirement and said purity requirement.Therefore, the present invention relates to a process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles, wherein the process comprises(I) providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles, wherein said particles comprise a carbon component at an average content cc(So) I weight-% and an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SO) I weight-%, and wherein said particles exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv9O(So) value in the range of from 5 to 200 pm, determined as described in Reference Example 1 ;(ii) passing the stream So through a first centrifugal force classifier Ci, obtaining from Ci a fine fraction stream SFI of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SFI) value and further obtaining from Ci a coarse fraction stream Sci of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sci), with DV90(SFI) < Dv9O(So);(ill) passing the stream SFI through a second centrifugal force classifier C2, obtaining from C2 a fine fraction stream SF2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SF2) value and further obtaining from C2 a coarse fraction stream Sc2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC2) with DV90(SF2)<DV90(SFI);(iv) passing the stream SF2 through a filter separator C3, obtaining from C3 a coarse fraction stream Sc3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value and further obtaining from C3 a fine fraction stream SF3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) with DV90(SF3) < DV90(SF2), wherein the particles of the stream Sc3 comprise the carbon component at an averagecontent cc(Sc3) I weight-% and the inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-%, with CN(SC3) < CN(SO) and cc(SC3) > cc(So).A term "content cx(Y) I weight-%” as used according to the present invention refers, in each individual case for any X and Y, to the respective content of X, expressed in weight-%, in a stream Y, based on the total weight of Y. For instance, the term "average content CN(SO) I weight-%” refers to the inorganic non-carbon component content of the stream So, based on the total weight of So, and the term "average content CN(SC3) I weight-%” refers to the inorganic non-carbon component content of the stream Sc3, based on the total weight of Sc3.Preferably according to the present invention, the sum of cc(So) and CN(SO), CC(SO) + CN(SO), is in the range of from 80 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 85 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 90 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 95 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 96 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 97 to 100 weight-%.Further preferably, the sum of cc(Sc3) and CN(SC3), CC(SC3) + CN(SC3), is in the range of from 95 to 100 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 96 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 97 to 100 weight-%.Still further preferably, CN(SO) is in the range of from 5 to 40 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 10 to 35 weight- %, more preferably in the range of from 15 to 30 weight-%.In addition to the carbon component and the inorganic non-carbon component, the stream So may further contain one or more of tar and water, wherein the total content of tar and water of the stream So, CTAR(SO) + CH2O(SO), is preferably in the range of from 0 to 3 weight-%.According to the present invention, it is preferred that during the process, no electrical mass classification is carried out for fine separation, more preferably no electrical mass classification is carried out at all.According to the present invention, it was surprisingly found that by the specific sequence of the steps (ii), (ill) and (iv), i.e. by the specific combination of the two centrifugal force classifiers Ci and C2, followed by a filter separator C3, a stream Sc3 can be obtained which exhibits an inorganic non-carbon component content CN(SC3) which is lower than the inorganic non-carbon component content CN(SO) of the feed stream So. Thus, it was surprisingly found that the fractionation process of the present invention results is also a purification process, in particular a purification process with regard to the usually undesired impurity components. These impurity components, in particular Zn components and Co components, which are usually contained in the inorganic non-carbon component, are explained in detail hereinunder.Therefore, according to the present, it is preferred that CN(SC3) 0.95 CN(SO), more preferably CN(SC3) 0.90 CN(SO), more preferably CN(SC3) 0.85 CN(SO). Lower maximum values such as CN(SC3) 0.80 CN(SO) or CN(SC3) 0.75 CN(SO) or CN(SC3) 0.70 CN(SO) are generally conceivable.Preferably, the recovered carbon black particles of the stream So exhibit an average BET specific surface area in the range of from 30 to 400 m2 / g, more preferably in the range of from 50 to 120 m2 / g, more preferably in the range of from 80 to 100 m2 / g, determined as described in DIN ISO 9277. Generally, according to the present invention, a stream So can be used comprising recovered carbon black particles having open pores, partially blocked pores, or entirely blocked pores. If the recovered carbon black particles have open pores, it may be preferred that the recovered carbon black particles of the stream Sc3 exhibit an average BET specific surface area in the range of from 50 to 180 m2 / g, more preferably in the range of from 80 to 140 m2 / g, determined as described in DIN ISO 9277.Preferably, the recovered carbon black particles of the stream Sc3 exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) value in the range of from 0.1 to 10 pm, more preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 5 m, more preferably in the range of from 0.8 to 3 pm.Further preferably, the recovered carbon black particles of the stream So exhibit a particle size distribution further characterized by a Dv5O(So) value in the range of from 0.01 to 8 pm, more preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 5 pm, more preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 3 pm.Preferably, the recovered carbon black particles of the stream So exhibit a bulk density in the range of from 300 to 900 kg / m3, preferably in the range of from 400 to 800 kg / m3, determined as described in EN ISO 60, ASTM D 1895.It is noted that according to the present invention, it is generally conceivable that downstream of C2 and upstream of C3, a further classifier such as a centrifugal force classifiers may be arranged through which, for example, the stream SF2 could be passed before it is passed to C3. Yet further, it is noted that downstream of C3, a further filter separator may be arranged through which, for example the stream SF3 or Sc3 could be passed. Preferably, according to the present invention and after step (I), no classifier is used in addition to Ci and C2, and no filter separator is used in addition to C3.According to the present invention, it is preferred that the first centrifugal force classifier Ci comprises, preferably is a deflecting wheel classifier. According to this preferred design of Ci, it is preferred that the specific solids load of volume flow of the stream So passing through Ci is in the range of from 1 to 200 g / m3, more preferably in the range of from 3 to 150 g / m3, more preferably in the range of from 5 to 100 g / m3. According to this preferred design of Ci, it is further preferred that the circumferential speed of the classifying wheel is in the range of from 1 to 100 m / s, more preferably in the range of from 10 to 80 m / s, more preferably in the range of from 30 to 60 m / s.According to the present invention, it is preferred that the second centrifugal force classifier C2 comprises, preferably is a cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone or an axial cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone. Preferably, the cyclone comprises an immersion tube, and the cyclone preferably exhibits one or more of the following features, more preferably two or more of the following features, more preferably three or more of the following features, more preferably all following features: a ratio of the radius of the top of the cyclone to the radius of the immersion tube in the range of from 2.8 to 4, preferably in the range of from 3 to 3.5; a ratio of the radius of the lower outlet opening of the cyclone to the radius of the immersion tube in the range of from 0.8 to 1 .5, preferably in the range of from 1 to 1 .3; a ratio of the inlet cross-section to the outlet cross-section of the cyclone in the range of from 0.8 to 1 .2, preferably in the range of from 0.9 to 1 .1 ; a gas velocity of the stream SFI passing through C2 in the range of from 9 to 14 g / m3, preferably in the range of from 10 to 12 g / m3.With regard to the design of the filter separator C3, no general restrictions exist with the proviso, that the separation task in step (iv) can be achieved. Preferably, the filter separator C3 is a baghouse filter. Preferably, the maximum load of the filter surface of the filter separator C3 is in the range of from 60 to 1200 g / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 100 to 1000 g / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 200 to 800 g / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 300 to 500 g / (m2»h). Further preferably, the filtered gas load in C3 is in the range of from 10 to 120 m3 / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 15 to 100 m3 / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 25 to 50 m3 / (m2»h).According to the present invention, it is especially preferred that between Ci and C2, no filter separator is arranged.Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles, wherein the process comprises(I) providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles, wherein said particles comprise a carbon component at an average content cc(So) I weight-% and an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SO) I weight-%, and wherein said particles exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv9O(So) value in the range of from 5 to 200 pm, determined as described in Reference Example 1 ;(II) passing the stream So through a first centrifugal force classifier Ci comprising, preferably consisting of a deflecting wheel classifier, obtaining from Ci a fine fraction stream SFI of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SFI) value and further obtaining from Ci a coarse fraction stream Sci of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sci), with DV90(SFI) < Dv9O(So);(ill) passing the stream SFI through a second centrifugal force classifier C2 comprising, preferably consisting of a cyclone, preferably a tangential cyclone or an axial cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone, obtaining from C2 a fine fraction stream SF2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by aDV90(SF2) value and further obtaining from C2 a coarse fraction stream Sc2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc2) with DV90(SF2) < DV90(SFI);(iv) passing the stream SF2 through a filter separator C3 comprising, preferably consisting of a baghouse filter, obtaining from C3 a coarse fraction stream Sc3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) value and further obtaining from C3 a fine fraction stream SF3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) with DV90(SF3) < DV90(SF2), wherein the particles of the stream Sc3 comprise the carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight-% and the inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-%, with CN(SC3) < CN(SO) and cc(Sc3) > Cc(So).Preferably, the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream So comprises one or more of a Si impurity component, a Zn impurity component and a Co impurity component, more preferably a Si impurity component, a Zn impurity component and a Co impurity component. Further, the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream So further may comprise one or more of a Ca impurity component, a S impurity component, an Al impurity component, a Mg impurity component, a K impurity component, a Fe impurity component, a P impurity component, and a Ti impurity component. More preferably, the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream So exhibits at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably all of the following features: a content csi(So) of the Si impurity component in the range of from 0 to 25 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 2 to 8 weight-%, calculated as elemental Si, based on the weight of the inorganic non-carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885; a content czn(So) of the Zn impurity component in the range of from 0.1 to 6 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 0.3 to 4.5 weight-%, calculated as elemental Zn, based on the weight of the inorganic non-carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885; a content cco(So) of the Co impurity component in the range of from 0.005 to 0.2 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 0.02 to 0.1 weight-%, calculated as elemental Co, based on the weight of the inorganic non- carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885.With regard to the stream Sc3 obtained according to the present invention, it is preferred that the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream Sc3 exhibits a content csi(Sc3) of the Si impurity component with 0.6 cSi(SFo) csi(SC3) 1.30 Csi(So), preferably with 0.8 cSi(SFo) csi(SC3) 1.05 Csi(So).As noted above, it was surprisingly found that the fractionation process of the present invention results is also a purification process, in particular a purification process with regard to Zn components and Co components.Therefore, the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream Sc3 preferably exhibits at least one, more preferably all of the following features: a content czn(Sc3) of the Zn impurity component with czn(Sc3) < czn(So), preferably czn(Sc3) 0.95 czn(So), more preferably cZn(Sc3) 0.90 cZn(So);a content cco(Sc3) of the Co impurity component with cc0(Sc3) < cco(So), preferably cco(Sc3) 0.90 cco(So), more preferably cco(SC3) 0.80 cCo(So).Lower maximum values such as czn(Sc3) 0.85 czn(So) or czn(Sc3) 0.80 czn(So) or czn(Sc3) 0.75 czn(So); and cco(Sc3) 0.75 cco(So) or cco(SC3) 0.70 cCo(So) are generally conceivable.Preferably, the weight ratio of Sc3 to So is in the range of from 0.1 : 1 to 0.8: 1 , preferably in the range of from 0.3:1 to 0.7: 1 , more preferably in the range of from 0.4:1 to 0.6:1.Preferably according to the present invention, the stream So of recovered carbon black particles, provided according to (I), is obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(1.1) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2) subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted end-of-life rubber materials comprising carbon black;(1.3) subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4) subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream So comprising recovered carbon black particles.Optionally or preferably, the process further comprises(1.5) subjecting the stream So, prior to (ii), to comminution.The present invention also relates to a process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles, as defined above, wherein providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles according to (I) comprises(1.1) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2) subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted end-of-life rubber materials comprising carbon black;(1.3) subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4) subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream So comprising recovered carbon black particles.Optionally or preferably, the process further comprises(1.5) subjecting the stream So, prior to (ii), to comminution.According to the present invention, it is preferred that when subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions according to (1.4), no liquid coking inhibitor component comprising polymethylsiloxane in an amount of from 0.5 to 1.0 weight-% based on the total amount of possibly employed coking inhibitors is employed. Morepreferably, when subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions according to (i.4), no liquid coking inhibitor component comprising polymethylsiloxane is employed.According to the present invention, it is preferred that after having carried out (i.3), the obtained a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black is not subject to activation with superheated stream at a temperature of from 250 to 350 °C. More preferably, after having carried out (i.3), the obtained a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black is not subject to activation with superheated stream.Also preferably according to the present invention, the stream So of recovered carbon black particles, provided according to (i), is obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(i. T) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(i.2’) subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (i.1 ) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(i.3') subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(i.4') subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream comprising recovered carbon black particles;(i .5') optionally subjecting the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles;(i .6') mixing the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (i.4') and / or the stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (i .5') with a binder, obtaining a mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and a binder;(i.6') pelletizing the mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder, obtaining pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder;(i .7') subjecting the pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder to comminution, obtaining the stream So.The present invention also relates to a process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles, as defined above, wherein providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles according to (i) comprises (i.T) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(i.2') subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (i.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(i.3') subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(i .4') subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream comprising recovered carbon black particles;(1.5') optionally subjecting the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles;(1.6') mixing the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (1.4') and / or the stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (1.5') with a binder, obtaining a mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and a binder;(1.6') pelletizing the mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder, obtaining pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder;(1.7') subjecting the pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder to comminution, obtaining the stream So.According to the present invention, it is preferred that when subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions according to (1.4'), no liquid coking inhibitor component comprising polymethylsiloxane in an amount of from 0.5 to 1.0 weight-% based on the total amount of possibly employed coking inhibitors is employed. More preferably, when subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions according to (1.4'), no liquid coking inhibitor component comprising polymethylsiloxane is employed.According to the present invention, it is preferred that after having carried out (1.3#), the obtained a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black is not subject to activation with superheated stream at a temperature of from 250 to 350 °C. More preferably, after having carried out (1.3'), the obtained a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black is not subject to activation with superheated stream.Preferably, the binder according to (1.6') is one or more of a polyvinyl alcohol, a carboxymethyl cellulose, a waxbased binders, a paraffin-based binders, a phenol resin and an epoxy resin.Independently from each other, comminution according to (1.5), (1.5') and (1.7') preferably comprises milling, more preferably one or more of ball milling and jet milling, more preferably jet milling.Independently from each other, the end-of-life rubber materials provided according to (1.1) and (1.1') preferably comprise, optionally consist of, end-of-life tires, more preferably at least one of car tires, motorcycle tires, bicycle tires, truck tires, bus tires, tractor tires, mining machine tires and aircraft tires, wherein more preferably, the end-of- life tires comprise, optionally consist of passenger car tires.Independently from each other, preferably no chemical purification step is performed between step (1.4) and step (1.5), and between step (1.4') and (1.7').Independently from each other, the pyrolysis conditions according to (i.4) and (i .4') preferably comprise a pyrolysis temperature in the range of from 300 to 900 °C, more preferably in the range of from 350 to 800 °C, more preferably in the range of from 400 to 700 °C. This temperature is to be understood as the temperature of the gas atmosphere in the pyrolysis reactor.Independently from each other, the pyrolysis conditions according to (i.4) and (i.4') further preferably comprise a pyrolysis pressure in the range of from 0.1 to 5 bar, more preferably in the range of from 0.2 to 4 bar, more preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 3 bar.Independently from each other, the pyrolysis conditions according to (i.4) and (i.4') yet further preferably comprise an pyrolysis gas atmosphere, preferably at the beginning of the pyrolysis, wherein more preferably from 99.5 to 100 volume-%, more preferably from 99.8 to 100 volume-%, more preferably from 99.9 to 100 volume-% of said pyrolysis gas atmosphere consist of one or more of nitrogen and argon, preferably nitrogen. Preferably, the pyrolysis gas atmosphere comprises from 0 to 0.5 volume-%, more preferably from 0 to 0.2 volume-%, more preferably from 0 to 0.1 volume-% oxygen.According to a preferred design of the process of the present invention, at least a part the stream Sci is recycled into one or more of the first centrifugal force classifier Ci, comminution according to (i.5) as herein, and comminution according to (i.5') as defined herein. Additionally or alternatively, according to a preferred design of the process of the present invention, at least a part of the stream Sc2 is recycled into one or more of the first centrifugal force classifier Ci, comminution according to (i.5) as defined herein and comminution according to (i.5') as defined herein.Further, the present invention also relates to a stream Sc3 of recovered carbon black particles, said stream being obtainable or obtained by a process as defined above, preferably by a process comprising(i) providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles, wherein said particles comprise a carbon component at an average content cc(So) I weight-% and an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SO) I weight-%, and wherein said particles exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv9O(So) value in the range of from 5 to 200 pm, determined as described in Reference Example 1;(ii) passing the stream So through a first centrifugal force classifier Ci comprising, preferably consisting of a deflecting wheel classifier, obtaining from Ci a fine fraction stream SFI of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SFI) value and further obtaining from Ci a coarse fraction stream Sci of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sci), with DV90(SFI) < Dv9O(So);(iii) passing the stream SFI through a second centrifugal force classifier C2 comprising, preferably consisting of a cyclone, preferably a tangential cyclone or an axial cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone, obtaining from C2 a fine fraction stream SF2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SF2) value and further obtaining from C2 a coarse fraction stream Sc2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc2) with DV90(SF2) < DV90(SFI);(iv) passing the stream SF2 through a filter separator C3 comprising, preferably consisting of a baghouse filter, obtaining from C3 a coarse fraction stream Sc3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) value and further obtaining from C3 a fine fraction stream SF3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) with DV90(SF3) < DV90(SF2), wherein the particles of the stream Sc3 comprise the carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight-% and the inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-%, with CN(SC3) < CN(SO) and cc(Sc3) > cc(So); more preferably by a process wherein the stream So of recovered carbon black particles, provided according to (I), is either obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(1.1) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2) subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted end-of-life rubber materials comprising carbon black;(1.3) subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4) subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream So comprising recovered carbon black particles;(1.5) optionally or preferably subjecting the stream So, prior to (ii), to comminution; either obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(1.1') providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2') subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.3') subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4') subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream comprising recovered carbon black particles;(1.5') optionally subjecting the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles;(1.6') mixing the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (1.4') and / or the stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (1.5') with a binder, obtaining a mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and a binder;(1.6') pelletizing the mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder, obtaining pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder;(1.7') subjecting the pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder to comminution, obtaining the stream So.Further, the present invention relates to a stream Sc3 of recovered carbon black particles, preferably the stream Sc3 as defined in the preceding paragraph, said particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) value in the range of from 500 nm to 4 m, preferably in the range of from 1 to 3 pm, determined as described in ISO / TS 5973:2024, said stream comprising a carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight- % and further comprising an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-% with 97 < cc(Sc3) + CN(SC3) 100, wherein the non-carbon component comprises a Zn component at a content czn(Sc3) of from 0.5 to 8 weight-% and a Co component at a content cco(Sc3) of from 0.001 to 0.1 weight-%.Still further, the present invention relates to the use of the stream Sc3 as defined herein as one or more of a filler material, such as a filler material in master batches, a pigment and an additive, such as an additive for increasing the electrical conductivity of a material comprising said additive.Yet further, the present invention relates to a stream Sci comprising recovered carbon black particles, obtainable or obtained by a process as defined herein, and further relates to the use of said stream Sci as a filler material, a thermal insulation material and / or an additive; relates to a stream Sc2 comprising recovered carbon black particles, obtainable or obtained by a process as defined herein, and further relates to the use of said stream Sc2 as a filler material, a thermal insulation material and / or additive; relates to a stream SF3 comprising carbon black particles, obtainable or obtained by a process as defined herein. Generally, compared to the stream Sc3, the stream SF3 exhibits a higher content of inorganic non- carbon impurity component, preferably a higher content of the Zn component, or the Co component, or the Zn component and the Co component. Therefore, it is preferred that, in addition to other possible uses such as the use as a filler material, a thermal insulation material and / or an additive, the stream SF3 can be used as a Zn source, or a Co source, or a Zn source and a Co source.The present invention further relates also to a fractionation unit for carrying out steps (ii) to (iv) of the process as defined herein, the unit comprising(A) a first centrifugal force classifier Ci , means for introducing the stream So into Ci , means for removing the stream SFI and means for removing the stream Sci from Ci;(B) a second centrifugal force classifier C2 arranged downstream of Ci, means for introducing the stream SFI into C2, means for removing the stream SF2 from C2 and means for removing the stream Sc2 from C2;(C) a filter separator C3 arranged downstream of C2, means for introducing the stream SF2 into C3, means for removing the stream SF3 from C3 and means for removing the stream Sc3 from C3.Preferably, the first centrifugal force classifier Ci of said unit comprises, more preferably consists of a deflecting wheel classifier; the second centrifugal force classifier C2 comprises, more preferably consists of, a cyclone,preferably a tangential cyclone or an axial cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone; and the filter separator C3 comprises, more preferably consists of a baghouse filter. More preferably, no filter separator is arranged between Ci and C2.According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a process, preferably the process as described herein, said process comprising the step of converting the stream Sci obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or the stream Sc2 obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or the stream Sc3 obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein, and / or the stream SF3 obtainable or obtained by the process as described herein and / or a chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process as described herein to obtain a product Q. Further, according to said aspect, the present invention relates to a process comprising the step of using the fractionation unit as described herein to obtain the stream Sci as described herein and / or the stream Sc2 as described herein and / or the stream Sc3 as described herein and / or the stream SF3 as described herein and / or a chemical material, and more preferably converting the stream Sci and / or the stream Sc2 and / or the stream Sc3 and / or the stream SF3 and / or the chemical material to obtain a product Q.Preferably, the product Q is selected from building block or monomer; or polymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A, or polymer product, preferably polymer product A; or industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound, industrial use biocide, industrial use solvent, industrial use dispersant, composition thereof or formulation thereof; or agrochemical composition, agrochemical formulation auxiliary or agrochemically active ingredient; or active pharmaceutical ingredient or intermediate thereof, pharmaceutical excipient, animal feed additive, human food additive, dietary supplements, aroma chemical or aroma composition; or aqueous polymer dispersion, preferably polyurethane or polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion, emulsion, binder for paper and fiber coatings, UV-curable acrylic polymer for hot melts and coatings polyisocyanates, hyperbranched polyester polyol, polymeric dispersant for inorganic binder compositions, unsaturated polyester polyol or 100% curable composition; or cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter, further cosmetic ingredient or composition or formulation thereof; or polymer B, polymer composition B, coating composition, other functional composition, foil, molded body, coating or coated substrate.Preferably, the content of the stream Sci obtainable or obtained as described herein and / or the stream Sc2 obtainable or obtained as described herein and / or the stream Sc3 obtainable or obtained as described herein and / or the stream SF3 obtainable or obtained as described herein and / or of the chemical material obtainable by or obtained as described herein in the product Q is 1 weight-% or more, preferably 2 weight-% or more, more preferably 5weight-% or more, more preferably 15 weight-% or more, more preferably 30 weight-% or more, more preferably 40 weight-% or more, more preferably 60 weight-% or more, more preferably 80 weight-% or more, more preferably 90 weight-% or more, more preferably 95 weight-% or more; and / or the content of the stream Sci obtainable or obtained as described herein and / or the stream Sc2 obtainable or obtained as described herein and / or the stream Sc3 obtainable or obtained as described herein and / or the stream SF3 obtainable or obtained as described herein and / or of the chemical material obtainable by or obtained as described herein in product Q is 100 weight-% or less, preferably 95 weight-% or less, more preferably 90 weight-% or less, more preferably 50 weight-% or less, more preferably 25 weight-% or less, more preferably 10 weight-% or less; and preferably the content is determined based on identity preservation and / or segregation and / or mass balance and / or book and claim chain of custody models, preferably based on mass balance, preferably the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard.The publication Prior Art Disclosure; Issue 684; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] ; ISSN: 2198-4786; published: February 12, 2024 will be regarded as Reference RF1, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Preferably, the product Q referred to in the preceding paragraph is a product as described in Reference RF1; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] , Preferably, the process described herein is further a process for the production of a product, preferably product Q.The converting step to obtain the product Q preferably comprises one or more step(s) as de-scribed below and can be performed by conventional methods well known to a person skilled in the art. The converting step preferably comprises one or more step(s) selected from: recycling, preferably depolymerizing, gasifying, pyrolyzing, and / or steam cracking; and / or purifying, preferably crystallizing, (solvent) extracting, distilling, evaporating, hydrotreating, ab-sorbing, adsorbing and / or subjecting to ion exchanger; and / or assembling, preferably foaming, synthesizing, chemical conversion, chemically transforming, polymerizing and / or compounding; and / or forming, preferably foaming, extruding and / or molding; and / or finishing, preferably coating and / or smoothing.In addition, the one or more step(s) are described in detail in Reference RF1; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] ,The term "building block”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises compounds, which are in a gaseous or liquid state under standard conditions of 0°C and 0.1 MPa. Building blocks are typically used in chemical industry to form secondary products, which provide a high-er structural complexity and / or higher molecular weight than the building block on which the sec-ondary product is based. The building block is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycols, syngas comprising a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic com-pounds. The alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds comprise in particular 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively.The term "monomer”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises molecules, which can react with each other to form polymer chains by polymerization. The monomer is preferably selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, salts of (meth)acrylic acid; in particular sodium, potassium and zinc salts; (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylates. (Meth)acrylates comprising 1 to 22 carbon atoms are preferred, in particular comprising 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The terms (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrolein or (meth)acrylate relate to acrylic acid, acrolein or acrylate and also to methacrylic acid, methacrolein or methacrylate, where applicable. Further, the monomer can be selected from hexamethylenediamine (HMD) and adipic acid.The building block can further be an intermediate compound. The term "intermediate com-pound”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises organic reagents, which are applied for formation of compounds with higher molecular complexity. The intermediate com-pound can be selected for example from the group consisting of phosgene, polyisocyanates and propylene oxide. The polyisocyanates are in particular aromatic di- and polyisocyanates, prefer-ably toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).The building block and the monomer and typical converting step(s) to obtain the building block or monomer are described in more detail in paragraphs

[1000] to

[1012] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer A”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises thermoplastic, e.g., polyamide or thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoset, e.g., polyurethane, elastomer, e.g., polybutadiene, or a copolymer or a mixture thereof and is defined in more detail in paragraphs

[2001] to

[2007] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer composition A”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises all compositions comprising a polymer as described above and one or more additive(s), e.g. reinforcement, colorant, modifier and / or flame retardant, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[2008] of Reference RF1.The term "polymer product A”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises any product comprising the polymer A and / or polymer composition A as described above and is de-fined in more detail in paragraphs

[2009] and

[2010] of Reference RF1 .The step(s) to obtain the polymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably poly-mer composition A or polymer product, preferably polymer product A is / are described in more detail in paragraph

[2011] of Reference RF1 .The term "industrial use polymer”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises rhe-ology, polycarboxylate, alkoxylated polyalkylenamine, alkoxylated polyalkylenimine, polyether-based, dye inhibition and soil release cleaning polymers defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3035] to

[3044] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use surfactant”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric industrial use surfactants defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3008] to

[3034] of Reference RF1. Theterm "industrial use descaling compound”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises non-phosphate based builders (NPB) and phosphonates (CoP) described in more detail in paragraphs

[3001] to

[3005] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use biocide”, as used herein, refers to a chemical compound that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth or reproduction defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3006] to

[3007] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use solvent”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises alkyl amides, alkyl lactamides, alkyl esters, lactate esters, alkyl diester, cyclic alkyl diester, cyclic carbonates, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic esters defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3045] to

[3055] of Reference RF1. The term "industrial use dispersant”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises anionic and non-ionic industrial use dispersants defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3056] to

[3058] of Reference RF1. The term "composition and / or formulation thereof' with reference to the industrial use polymers, industrial use surfactants, descaling compounds and / or industrial use biocides refers to industrial use compositions and / or institutional use products and / or fabric and home care products and / or personal care products defined in more detail in paragraph

[3059] of Reference RF1 . The converting step(s) to obtain the industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound and / or industrial use biocide are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3060] of Reference RF1. The converting steps to obtain the industrial use composition or formulation of the industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound and / or industrial use biocide are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3061] of Reference RF1.The term "agrochemical composition”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, typically relates to a composition comprising an agrochemically active ingredient and at least one agro-chemical formulation auxiliary. Examples of agrochemical compositions, active ingredients and auxiliaries are described in more detail in Reference RF1, paragraph

[4001] ,The agrochemical composition may take the form of any customary formulation. The agro-chemical compositions are prepared in a known manner, e.g. described by Mollet and Grube-mann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005. The converting step(s) to obtain the agrochemically active ingredients and auxiliaries may be con-ducted in analogy to the production step(s) of their analogues that are based on petrochemicals or other precursors that are not gained by recycling processes. In addition, conversion to com-pounds mentioned in sections "Polymer” and "Cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter, further cosmetic ingredient or compositions or formulations thereof' may be performed as described in these sections as well as the respective paragraphs in Reference RF1.The term active pharmaceutical ingredients and / or intermediates thereof, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises substances that provide pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to affect the structure or any function of the body. Intermediates thereof are isolated products that are generated during a multi-step route of synthesis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. The term pharmaceutical excipients, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises com-pounds or compound mixtures used in compositions for various pharmaceutical applications, which are not substantially pharmaceutically active on itself. Active pharmaceutical ingredients and / or intermediates thereof and pharmaceutical excipients are defined in more detail in para-graph

[5001] of Reference RF1.The converting step(s) to obtain the active pharmaceutical ingredients and / or intermediates thereof and pharmaceutical excipients may comprise one or more synthesis steps and can be performed by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to a person skilled in the art.The terms animal feed additives, human food additives, dietary supplements, as used in the con-text of the product Q herein, comprises Vitamins, Pro-Vitamins and active metabolites thereof including intermediates and precursors, especially Vitamin A, B, E, D, K and esters thereof, like acetate, propionate, palmitate esters or alcohols thereof like retinol or salts thereof and any combinations thereof; Tetraterpenes, especially isoprenoids like carotenoids and xanthophylls including their intermediates and precursors as well as mixtures and derivates thereof, especially beta carotene, Canthaxanthin, Citranaxanthin, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Lutein, Lycopene, Apo-carotenoids, and any combinations thereof; organic acids, especially formic acid, propionic acid and salts thereof, such as sodium, calcium or ammonium salts, and any combinations thereof, such as but not limited to mixtures of formic acid and sodium formiate, propionic acid and ammonium propionate, formic acid and propionic acid, formic acid and sodium formiate and propionic acid, propionic acid and sodium propionate and formic acid and sodium formiate; glycerides of carboxylic acids and short and medium chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, such as omega-6 fatty acid (C18:2) methyl ester and 1 ,2-propandiol and beverage stabilizers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone-polymer or polyviny limidazole / polyviny Ipy rrolidone-copoly mer. Animal feed additives, human food additives and dietary supplements are defined in more detail in paragraph

[5002] of Reference RF1.The converting step(s) to obtain the animal feed additives, human food additives, dietary supplements may comprise one or more synthesis steps and can be performed by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to a person skilled in the art.The terms aroma chemical and aroma composition as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprise a volatile organic substance with a molecular weight between 70-250 g / mol comprising a functional group with a carbon skeleton of C5-C16 carbon atoms comprising linear, branched, cyclic, for example with a ring size of C5-C18, bicyclic or tricyclic aliphatic chains and but not necessarily one or more unsaturated structural elements like double bonds, triple bonds, aromatics or heteroaromatics and preferably the one or more additional functional groups are selected from alcohol, ether, ester, ketone, aldehyde, acetal, carboxylic acid, nitrile, thiol, amine. In one aspect, the aroma chemical is a terpene-based aroma chemical, for example selected from monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, triterpenes or tetraterpenes. Aroma chemicals can be combined with further aroma chemicals to give an aroma composition. Aroma chemicals and aroma compositions are defined in more de-tail in paragraph

[5003] of Reference RF1.The converting step(s) to obtain the aroma chemical and aroma composition may comprise one or more synthesis steps and can be performed by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to a person skilled in the art.The term "aqueous polymer dispersion”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises aqueous composition(s) comprising dispersed polymer(s) and is defined in more detail in the section

[6001] entitled "aqueous polymer dispersion” of Reference RF1. The dispersed polymer(s) may be selected from acrylic emulsion polymer(s), styrene acrylic emulsion polymer(s), styrene butadiene dispersion(s), aqueous dispersion(s) comprising composite particles, acrylate alkyd hybrid dispersion(s), polyurethane(s) (including UV-curable polyurethanes) and polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer(s). The term "emulsion polymer”, as used herein, comprises polymer(s) made by free-radical emulsion polymerization. Aqueous polyurethane dispersion(s) are defined in more detail in the section

[6002] entitled "Polyurethane dispersions” of Reference RF1. UV-curable polyurethane(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6017] of Reference RF1. Polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6016] of Reference RF1.The term "polymeric dispersant”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises preferably polymer(s) comprising polyether side chain, in particular polycarboxylate ether polymer(s) and polycondensation product(s) defined in more detail in paragraph

[6020] entitled "Polymeric dispersant” of Reference RF1.The converting (polymerization) step(s) to obtain the aqueous polymer dispersion(s) comprising emulsion polymer(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6003] entitled "Emulsion polymerization” of Reference RF1.The converting (polymerization) step(s) to obtain the aqueous polyurethane dispersion(s) is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6014] entitled "Process for the preparation of aqueous poly-urethane dispersions” and section [6017)] entitled "Aqueous UV-curable polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and use and compositions containing them” of Reference RF1.Composition(s) and uses of aqueous polymer dispersion(s) and of polymeric dispersant(s) are defined in more detail in the following sections of Reference RF1 : section

[6004] entitled "Uses of aqueous polymer dispersions”, section

[6005] entitled "Binders for architectural and construction coatings” section

[6006] entitled "Binders for paper coating” section

[6007] entitled "Binders for fiber bonding” section

[6008] entitled "Adhesive polymers and adhesive compositions” section

[6015] entitled "Aqueous polyurethane dispersions suitable for use in coating compositions” section

[6016] entitled "Aqueous polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybride polymer dispersions suitable for use in coating compositions”section

[6017] entitled "Aqueous UV-curable polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and use and compositions containing them” section

[6018] entitled "Inorganic binder compositions comprising polymeric dispersants and their use”

[6019] 100% curable coating compositionsUV-crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylate(s) and its / their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6009] entitled "UV- crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylates for use in UV-curable solvent-free hot melt adhesives and their use for making pressure-sensitive self-adhesive articles” of Reference RF1.Polyisocyanate(s), composition(s) comprising them and their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6010] entitled "Polyisocyanates” of Reference RF1.Hyperbranched polyester polyol(s) and its / their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6011] entitled "Organic solvent based hyperbranched polyester polyols suitable for use in coating com-positions” of Reference RF1. The converting step(s) to obtain the hyperbranched polyester polyols is / are defined in more detail in the section

[6012] entitled "Preparation of organic solvent based hyperbranched polyester polyols” of Reference RF1 . Coating composition(s) comprising hyperbranched polyester polyol(s), polyisocyanate(s) and additive(s) and substrate(s) coated therewith are defined in more detail in section

[6013] entitled "Organic solvent based two component coating compositions comprising hyperbranched polyester polyols and polyisocyanates” of Reference RF1.Unsaturated polyester polyol(s), solvent-based coating composition(s) comprising said unsatu-rated polyester polyol(s) and substrate(s) for coating with said coating composition(s) are defined in more detail in section

[6018] entitled "Organic solvent based coating composition comprising unsaturated polyester polyols” of Reference RF1 . 100% curable coating composition(s) is / are defined in more detail in section

[6019] of Reference RF1.Polymeric dispersant(s) for inorganic binder compositions is / are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of Reference RF1. The inorganic binder composition(s) comprising the polymeric dispersants and their use are defined in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1. The converting step(s) to obtain the polymeric dispersant(s) are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of Reference RF1. The term "inorganic binder composition” comprising the polymeric dispersant(s), as used herein, comprises preferably in particular hydraulically setting compositions and compositions comprising calcium sulfate and is defined in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1 entitled "Inorganic binder compositions comprising the polymeric dispersant and their use”. Specific building material formulation(s) comprising polymeric dispersant(s) or building product(s) produced by a building material formulation comprising a polymeric dispersant are disclosed in more detail in section

[6021] of Reference RF1.The term "cosmetic surfactant”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7002] of Reference RF1. The term "emollient”,as used in the context of the product Q herein, refers to a chemical compound used for protecting, moisturizing, and / or lubricating the skin and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7003] of Reference RF1. The term "wax”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises pearlizers and opacifiers and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7004] of Reference RF1 . The term "cosmetic polymer”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises any polymer that can be used as an ingredient in a cosmetic formulation and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7005] of Reference RF1. The term "UV filter”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, refers to a chemical compound that blocks or absorbs ultraviolet light and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7006] of Reference RF1 . The term "further cosmetic ingredient”, as used in the context of the product Q herein, comprises any ingredient suitable for making a cosmetic formulation. Several sources disclose cosmetically acceptable ingredients. E. g. the database Cosing on the internet pages of the European Com-mission discloses cosmetic ingredients and the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, edited by the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), discloses cosmetic ingredients. The term "composition and / or formulation thereof” with reference to the cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter and / or further cosmetic ingredient refers to personal care and / or cosmetic compositions or formulations defined in more detail in paragraph

[7007] of Reference RF1 . The converting step(s) to obtain the cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter or further cosmetic ingredient is / are defined in more detail in paragraph

[7008] of Reference RF1.The terms "polymer B”, "polymer composition B”, "coating composition”, "other functional com-position”, "foil”, "molded body”, "coating” and "coated substrate” are well known to the person skilled in the art and are defined in more detail from paragraph

[8000] to

[8005] of Reference RF1.The present invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments resulting from the dependencies and back-references as indicated. In particular, it is noted that in each instance where a range of embodiments is mentioned, for example in the context of a term such as "The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 4", every embodiment in this range is meant to be explicitly disclosed for the skilled person, i.e. the wording of this term is to be understood by the skilled person as being synonymous to "The process of any one of embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 4". Further, it is explicitly noted that the following set of embodiments represents a suitably structured part of the general description directed to preferred aspects of the present invention, and, thus, suitably supports, but does not represent the claims of the present invention.1 . A process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles, the process comprising(I) providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles, wherein said particles comprise a carbon component at an average content cc(So) I weight-% and an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SO) / weight-%, and wherein said particles exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv9O(So) value in the range of from 5 to 200 pm, determined as described in Reference Example 1;(ii) passing the stream So through a first centrifugal force classifier Ci, obtaining from Ci a fine fraction stream SFI of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SFI) value and further obtaining from Ci a coarse fraction stream Sci of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sci), with DV90(SFI) < Dv9O(So);(ill) passing the stream SFI through a second centrifugal force classifier C2, obtaining from C2 a fine fraction stream SF2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SF2) value and further obtaining from C2 a coarse fraction stream Sc2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc2) with DV90(SF2) < DV90(SFI);(iv) passing the stream SF2 through a filter separator C3, obtaining from C3 a coarse fraction stream Sc3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value and further obtaining from C3 a fine fraction stream SF3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) with DV90(SF3) < DV90(SF2), wherein the particles of the stream Sc3 comprise the carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight-% and the inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-%, with CN(SC3) < CN(SO) and cc(Sc3) > Cc(So).2. The process of embodiment 1, wherein cc(So) + CN(SO) is in the range of from 80 to 100 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 85 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 90 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 95 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 96 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 97 to 100 weight-%.3. The process of embodiment 2, wherein cc(Sc3) + CN(SC3) is in the range of from 95 to 100 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 96 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 97 to 100 weight-%.4. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein CN(SO) is in the range of from 5 to 40 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 10 to 35 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 15 to 30 weight-%.5. The process of embodiment 4, wherein CN(SC3) 0.95 CN(SO), preferably CN(SC3) 0.90 CN(SO), more preferably CN(SC3) 0.85 CN(SO).6. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the recovered carbon black particles of the stream So exhibit an average BET specific surface area in the range of from 30 to 400 m2 / g, preferably in the range of from 50 to 120 m2 / g, more preferably in the range of from 80 to 100 m2 / g, determined as described in DIN ISO 9277.7. The process of embodiment 6, wherein the recovered carbon black particles of the stream Sc3 exhibit an average BET specific surface area in the range of from 50 to 180 m2 / g, preferably in the range of from 80 to 140 m2 / g, determined as described in DIN ISO 9277.8. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the recovered carbon black particles of the stream Sc3 exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value in the range of from 0.1 to 10 pm, preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 5 m, more preferably in the range of from 0.8 to 3 pm.9. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the recovered carbon black particles of the stream So exhibit a particle size distribution further characterized by a Dv5O(So) value in the range of from 0.01 to 8 pm, preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 5 pm, more preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 3 pm.10. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the recovered carbon black particles of the stream So exhibit a bulk density in the range of from 300 to 900 kg / m3, preferably in the range of from 400 to 800 kg / m3, determined as described in EN ISO 60, ASTM D 1895.11 . The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the first centrifugal force classifier Ci is a deflecting wheel classifier.12. The process of embodiment 11 , wherein the specific solids load of volume flow of the stream So passing through Ci is in the range of from 1 to 200 g / m3, preferably in the range of from 3 to 150 g / m3, more preferably in the range of from 5 to 100 g / m3.13. The process of embodiment 11 or 12, wherein the circumferential speed of the classifying wheel is in the range of from 1 to 100 m / s, preferably in the range of from 10 to 80 m / s, more preferably in the range of from 30 to 60 m / s.14. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 13, preferably of any one of embodiments 11 to 13, wherein the second centrifugal force classifier C2 is a cyclone, preferably a tangential cyclone or an axial cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone.15. The process of embodiment 14, wherein the cyclone comprises an immersion tube, and wherein the cyclone exhibits one or more of the following features, preferably two or more of the following features, more preferably three or more of the following features, more preferably all of the following features: a ratio of the radius of the top of the cyclone to the radius of the immersion tube in the range of from 2.8 to 4, preferably in the range of from 3 to 3.5; a ratio of the radius of the lower outlet opening of the cyclone to the radius of the immersion tube in the range of from 0.8 to 1.5, preferably in the range of from 1 to 1.3; a ratio of the inlet cross-section to the outlet cross-section of the cyclone in the range of from 0.8 to 1.2, preferably in the range of from 0.9 to 1.1;a gas velocity of the stream SF 1 passing through C2 in the range of from 9 to 14 g / m3, preferably in the range of from 10 to 12 g / m3.16. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, preferably of any one of embodiments 11 to 15, wherein the filter separator C3 is a baghouse filter.17. The process of embodiment 16, wherein the maximum load of the filter surface of the filter separator C3 is in the range of from 60 to 1200 g / (m2»h), preferably in the range of from 100 to 1000 g / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 200 to 800 g / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 300 to 500 g / (m2»h).18. The process of embodiment 16 or 17, wherein the filtered gas load in C3 is in the range of from 10 to 120 m3 / (m2»h), preferably in the range of from 15 to 100 m3 / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 25 to 50 m3 / (m2»h).19. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 18, wherein between Ci and C2, no filter separator is arranged.20. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream So comprises one or more of a Si impurity component, a Zn impurity component and a Co impurity component, preferably a Si impurity component, a Zn impurity component and a Co impurity component.21 . The process of embodiment 20, wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream So further comprises one or more of a Ca impurity component, a S impurity component, an Al impurity component, a Mg impurity component, a K impurity component, a Fe impurity component, a P impurity component, and a Ti impurity component.22. The process of embodiment 20 or 21 , wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream So exhibits at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably all of the following features: a content csi(So) of the Si impurity component in the range of from 0 to 25 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 2 to 8 weight-%, calculated as elemental Si, based on the weight of the inorganic non- carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885; a content czn(So) of the Zn impurity component in the range of from 0.1 to 6 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 0.3 to 4.5 weight-%, calculated as elemental Zn, based on the weight of the inorganic non-carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885; a content cco(So) of the Co impurity component in the range of from 0.005 to 0.2 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 0.02 to 0.1 weight-%, calculated as elemental Co, based on the weight of the inorganic non-carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885.23. The process of embodiment 22, wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream Sc3 exhibits a content csi(Sc3) of the Si impurity component with 0.6 csi(Spo) csi(Sc3) 1.30 Csi(So), preferably with 0.8 Csi(Spo) - Csi(Sc3) - 1.05 Csi(So).24. The process of embodiment 22 or 23, wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream Sc3 exhibits at least one, preferably all of the following features: a content czn(Sc3) of the Zn impurity component with czn(Sc3) < czn(So), preferably czn(Sc3) 0.95 czn(So), more preferably cZn(Sc3) 0.90 cZn(So); a content cco(Sc3) of the Co impurity component with cc0(Sc3) < cco(So), preferably cco(Sc3) 0.90 cco(So), more preferably cco(SC3) 0.80 cco(So).25. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the stream So of recovered carbon black particles, provided according to (I), is obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(1.1) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2) subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted end-of-life rubber materials comprising carbon black;(1.3) subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4) subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream So comprising recovered carbon black particles.26. The process of embodiment 25, wherein the process further comprises(1.5) subjecting the stream So to comminution.27. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the stream So of recovered carbon black particles, provided according to (I), is obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(i.T) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2') subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.3') subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4') subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream comprising recovered carbon black particles;(1.5') optionally subjecting the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles;(i .6') mixing the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (1.4') and / or the stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (1.5') with a binder, obtaining a mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and a binder;(1.6') pelletizing the mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder, obtaining pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder;(1.7') subjecting the pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder to comminution, obtaining the stream So.28. The process of embodiment 27, wherein the binder is one or more of a polyvinyl alcohol, a carboxymethyl cellulose, a wax-based binders, a paraffin-based binders, a phenol resin and an epoxy resin.29. The process of any one of embodiments 25 to 28, wherein, independently from each other, comminution according to (1.5), (1.5') and (1.7') comprises milling, preferably one or more of ball milling and jet milling, more preferably jet milling.30. The process of any one of embodiments 25 to 29, wherein, independently from each other, the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) and (I. T) comprises, optionally consists of end-of-life tires, preferably at least one of car tires, motorcycle tires, bicycle tires, truck tires, bus tires, tractor tires, mining machine tires and aircraft tires, wherein more preferably, the end-of-life tires comprise, optionally consist of passenger car tires.31 . The process of any one of embodiments 25 to 30, wherein, independently from each other, no chemical purification step is performed between step (1.4) and step (1.5), and between step (1.4') and (1.7').32. The process of any one of embodiments 25 to 31 , wherein, independently from each other, the pyrolysis conditions according to (1.4) and (1.4') comprise a pyrolysis temperature in the range of from 300 to 900 °C, preferably in the range of from 350 to 800 °C, more preferably in the range of from 400 to 700 °C.33. The process of any one of embodiments 25 to 32, wherein, independently from each other, the pyrolysis conditions according to (1.4) and (1.4') comprise a pyrolysis pressure in the range of from 0.1 to 5 bar, preferably in the range of from 0.2 to 4 bar, more preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 3 bar.34. The process of any one of embodiments 25 to 33 wherein, independently from each other, the pyrolysis conditions according to (1.4) and (1.4') comprise an pyrolysis gas atmosphere, preferably at the beginning of the pyrolysis, wherein preferably from 99.5 to 100 volume-%, more preferably from 99.8 to 100 volume-%, more preferably from 99.9 to 100 volume-% of said pyrolysis gas atmosphere consist of one or more of nitrogen and argon, preferably nitrogen.35. The process of embodiment 34, wherein the pyrolysis gas atmosphere comprises from 0 to 0.5 volume-%, preferably from 0 to 0.2 volume-%, more preferably from 0 to 0.1 volume-% oxygen.36. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein at least a part the stream Sci is recycled into one or more of the first centrifugal force classifier Ci, comminution according to (1.5) as defined in embodiment 25 and comminution according to (1.5') as defined in embodiment 26.37. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein at least part the stream Sc2 is recycled into one or more of the first centrifugal force classifier Ci, comminution according to (1.5) as defined in embodiment 25 and comminution according to (1.5') as defined in embodiment 26.38. The process of any one of embodiments 1 to 37, wherein the weight ratio of Sc3 to So is in the range of from 0.1 : 1 to 0.8: 1, preferably in the range of from 0.3:1 to 0.7: 1 , more preferably in the range of from 0.4:1 to 0.6:1.39. A stream Sc3 of recovered carbon black particles, obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38.40. A stream Sc3 of recovered carbon black particles, preferably the stream Sc3 according to embodiment 39, said particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value in the range of from 500 nm to 4 pm, preferably in the range of from 1 to 3 pm, determined as described in ISO / TS 5973:2024, said stream comprising a carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight-% and further comprising an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-% with 97 < cc(Sc3) + CN(SC3) 100, wherein the non-carbon component comprises a Zn component at a content czn(Sc3) of from 0.5 to 8 weight-% and a Co component at a content cc0(Sc3) of from 0.001 to 0.1 weight-%.41 . Use of the stream Sc3 according to embodiment 39 or 40 as one or more of a filler material, a pigment and an additive, optionally for manufacturing a rubber material.42. A stream Sci comprising recovered carbon black particles, obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38.43. Use of the stream Sci according to embodiment 42 as one or more of a filler material, a thermal insulation material and an additive.A stream Sc2 comprising recovered carbon black particles, obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38. Use of the stream Sc2 according to embodiment 44 as one or more of a filler material, a thermal insulation material and an additive. A stream SF3 comprising carbon black particles, obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38. Use of the stream SF3 according to embodiment 46 as one or more of a filler material, a thermal insulation material, an additive, optionally including the use as one or more of a Zn source and Co source. A process for recycling carbon black, comprising(I) providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles, wherein said particles comprise a carbon component at an average content cc(So) I weight-% and an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SO) / weight-%, and wherein said particles exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv9O(So) value in the range of from 5 to 200 pm, determined as described in Reference Example 1; wherein the stream So of recovered carbon black particles is preferably either obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(1.1) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2) subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted end-of-life rubber materials comprising carbon black;(1.3) subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4) subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream So comprising recovered carbon black particles;(1.5) optionally or preferably subjecting the stream So, prior to (ii), to comminution; and / or obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(1.1') providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2') subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.3') subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(i .4') subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream comprising recovered carbon black particles;(1.5') optionally subjecting the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles;(1.6') mixing the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (1.4') and / or the stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (1.5') with a binder, obtaining a mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and a binder;(1.6') pelletizing the mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder, obtaining pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder;(1.7') subjecting the pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder to comminution, obtaining the stream So; wherein, independently from each other, the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (1.1) and (1.1') preferably comprises, optionally consists of end-of-life tires, more preferably at least one of car tires, motorcycle tires, bicycle tires, truck tires, bus tires, tractor tires, mining machine tires and aircraft tires, wherein more preferably, the end-of-life tires comprise, optionally consist of passenger car tires;(ii) passing the stream So through a first centrifugal force classifier Ci, obtaining from Ci a fine fraction stream SFI of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SFI) value and further obtaining from Ci a coarse fraction stream Sci of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sci), with DV90(SFI) < Dv9O(So);(ill) passing the stream SFI through a second centrifugal force classifier C2, obtaining from C2 a fine fraction stream SF2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SF2) value and further obtaining from C2 a coarse fraction stream Sc2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc2) with DV90(SF2) < DV90(SFI);(iv) passing the stream SF2 through a filter separator C3, obtaining from C3 a coarse fraction stream Sc3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value and further obtaining from C3 a fine fraction stream SF3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) withDV90(SF3) < DV90(SF2), wherein the particles of the stream Sc3 comprise the carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight-% and the inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-%, with cN(SC3) < cN(So) and cc(SC3) > cc(So);(v) subjecting at least a part of the stream Sc3, optionally together with one or more of virgin carbon black and carbon black recovered by a process other than the process comprising steps (I) to (iv), to a manufacturing process, preferably to a process for manufacturing a rubber material, wherein the rubber material is preferably a tire, more preferably at least one of a car tire, a motorcycle tire, a bicycle tire, a truck tire, a bus tire, a tractor tire, a mining machine tire and an aircraft tire, wherein more preferably, the tire is a passenger car tire.A fractionation unit for carrying out steps (ii) to (iv) of the process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38 and 48, the unit comprising(A) a first centrifugal force classifier Ci , means for introducing the stream So into Ci , means for removing the stream SFI and means for removing the stream Sci from Ci;(B) a second centrifugal force classifier C2 arranged downstream of Ci , means for introducing the stream SFI into C2, means for removing the stream SF2 from C2 and means for removing the stream Sc2 from c2;(C) a filter separator C3 arranged downstream of C2, means for introducing the stream SF2 into C3, means for removing the stream SF3 from C3 and means for removing the stream Sc3 from C3. The unit of embodiment 49, wherein the first centrifugal force classifier Ci is a deflecting wheel classifier; wherein the second centrifugal force classifier C2 is a cyclone, preferably a tangential cyclone or an axial cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone; and wherein the filter separator C3 is a baghouse filter. The unit of embodiment 49 or 50, wherein between Ci and C2, no filter separator is arranged. A process, preferably according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, comprising the step of converting the stream Sci obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream Sc2 obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream Sc3 obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream SF3 obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38 and / or a chemical material obtainable by or obtained by a process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, to obtain a product Q. A process comprising the step of using the fractionation unit of any one of embodiments 49 to 51 to obtain the stream Sci and / or the stream Sc2 and / or the stream Sc3 and / or the stream SF3 and / or a chemical material, and preferably converting the stream Sci and / or the stream Sc2 and / or the stream Sc3 and / or the stream SF3 and / or the chemical material to obtain a product Q. The process of embodiment 52 or 53, wherein the product Q is selected from building block or monomer; or polymer, preferably polymer A, polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A, or polymer product, preferably polymer product A; or industrial use polymer, industrial use surfactant, descaling compound, industrial use biocide, industrial use solvent, industrial use dispersant, composition thereof or formulation thereof; or agrochemical composition, agrochemical formulation auxiliary or agrochemically active ingredient; oractive pharmaceutical ingredient or intermediate thereof, pharmaceutical excipient, animal feed additive, human food additive, dietary supplements, aroma chemical or aroma composition; or aqueous polymer dispersion, preferably polyurethane or polyurethane - poly(meth)acrylate hybrid polymer dispersion, emulsion, binder for paper and fiber coatings, UV-curable acrylic polymer for hot melts and coatings polyisocyanates, hyperbranched polyester polyol, polymeric dispersant for inorganic binder compositions, unsaturated polyester polyol or 100% curable composition; or cosmetic surfactant, emollient, wax, cosmetic polymer, UV filter, further cosmetic ingredient or composition or formulation thereof; or polymer B, polymer composition B, coating composition, other functional composition, foil, molded body, coating or coated substrate.55. The process of any one of embodiments 52 to 54, wherein the content of the stream Sci obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream Sc2 obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream Sc3 obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream SF3 obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38 and / or of the chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38 in the product Q is 1 weight-% or more, preferably 2 weight-% or more, more preferably 5 weight-% or more, more preferably 15 weight-% or more, more preferably 30 weight-% or more, more preferably 40 weight-% or more, more preferably 60 weight-% or more, more preferably 80 weight-% or more, more preferably 90 weight-% or more, more preferably 95 weight-% or more; and / or wherein the content of the stream Sci obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream Sc2 obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream Sc3 obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or the stream SF3 obtainable or obtained according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, and / or of the chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38 in product Q is 100 weight-% or less, preferably 95 weight-% or less, more preferably 90 weight-% or less, more preferably 50 weight-% or less, more preferably 25 weight-% or less, more preferably 10 weight-% or less; and preferably wherein the content is determined based on identity preservation and / or segregation and / or mass balance and / or book and claim chain of custody models, preferably based on mass balance, preferably the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standard.It is explicitly noted that the above-disclosed set of embodiments represents a suitably structured part of the general description directed to preferred aspects of the present invention, and, thus, suitably supports, but does not represent the claims of the present invention.The present invention is further illustrated by the following Examples and Comparative Examples.ExamplesReference Example 1 : Determination of the particle size distributionThe particle size distribution was measured by laser diffractometry using a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 according to ISO / TS 5973:2024.Reference Example 2: Determination of the Zn-, Si- and Co- contentThe Zn-, Si- and Co-content of the different streams was measured using an optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES).Example 1 : Fractionation according to the process of the present inventionProvided was a stream of recovered carbon black particles, wherein recovered carbon black was provided in the form of pellets and was ground before the experiment to obtain the stream So. This stream was passed into an deflecting wheel classifier (Turboplex ATP 50 from Hosokawa Alpine, 47 m / s circumferential speed, 50 m3 / h gas volume flow), from which a fine fraction (stream SFI) and a coarse fraction (stream Sci) were obtained.The stream SFI was then passed into a cyclone at 50 m3 / h gas volume flow from which a fine fraction (stream SF2) and a coarse fraction (stream Sc2) were obtained. The cyclone exhibited a top diameter of 120 mm, a bottom diameter of 40mm and a length of 450 mm. The dip tube had a length of 100 mm.The stream SF2 was then passed through a baghouse filter (50 m3 / h gas volume flow, and 12-14 mbar differential pressure) from which a permeate (stream SFS) and a retentate (stream Scs) were obtained. The elemental composition was analysed according to Reference Example 2.Table 1The streams So and Sc3 according to Example 1Example 2: Fractionation according to the process of the present inventionProvided was a stream of milled thermolysis coke (stream So). This stream was passed into an deflecting wheel classifier (Turboplex ATP 50 from Hosokawa Alpine, 47 m / s circumferential speed, 50 m3 / h gas volume flow), from which a fine fraction (stream SFI) and a coarse fraction (stream Sci) were obtained. The stream SFI was then passed into a cyclone at 50 m3 / h gas volume flow from which a fine fraction (stream SF2) and a coarse fraction (stream Sc2) were obtained. The stream SF2 was then passed through a baghouse filter (50 m3 / h gas volume flow, and 12-14 mbar differential pressure) from which a permeate (stream SFS) and a retentate (stream Sea) were obtained. The elemental composition of the streams was analysed via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.Table 2The streams So and Sc3 according to Example 2Example 3: Fractionation according to the process of the present inventionProvided was a stream of milled thermolysis coke (stream So). This stream was passed into an deflecting wheel classifier (Turboplex ATP 50 from Hosokawa Alpine, 47 m / s circumferential speed, 60 m3 / h gas volume flow), from which a fine fraction (stream SFI) and a coarse fraction (stream Sci) were obtained. The stream SFI was then passed into a cyclone at 60 m3 / h gas volume flow from which a fine fraction (stream SF2) and a coarse fraction (stream Sc2) were obtained. The stream SF2 was then passed through a baghouse filter (60 m3 / h gas volume flow, and 12-14 mbar differential pressure) from which a permeate (stream SFS) and a retentate (stream Sea) were obtained. The elemental composition of the streams was analysed via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.Table 3The streams So and Sc3 according to Example 3Short description of the figure Figure 1 : illustrates the process according to the present invention. According to this process, a streamSo comprising recovered carbon black particles is passed into a first centrifugal force classifier Ci. In Ci a stream Sci and a stream SFI are obtained and removed from Ci. The stream SFI is passed into a second centrifugal force classifier C2. In C2 a stream Sc2 and a stream SF2 are obtained and removed from C2. The stream SF2 is passed into a filter separator C3. In C3 a stream Sc3 and a stream SF3 are obtained and removed from C3.

Claims

Claims1 . A process for the fractionation of recovered carbon black particles, the process comprising(I) providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles, wherein said particles comprise a carbon component at an average content cc(So) I weight-% and an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SO) / weight-%, and wherein said particles exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv9O(So) value in the range of from 5 to 200 pm;(ii) passing the stream So through a first centrifugal force classifier Ci, obtaining from Ci a fine fraction stream SFI of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SFI) value and further obtaining from Ci a coarse fraction stream Sci of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sci), with DV90(SFI) < Dv9O(So);(ill) passing the stream SFI through a second centrifugal force classifier C2, obtaining from C2 a fine fraction stream SF2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SF2) value and further obtaining from C2 a coarse fraction stream Sc2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc2) with DV90(SF2) < DV90(SFI);(iv) passing the stream SF2 through a filter separator C3, obtaining from C3 a coarse fraction stream Sc3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value and further obtaining from C3 a fine fraction stream SF3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) with DV90(SF3) < DV90(SF2), wherein the particles of the stream Sc3 comprise the carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight-% and the inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-%, with CN(SC3) < CN(SO) and cc(Sc3) > Cc(So).

2. The process of claim 1 , wherein cc(So) + CN(SO) is in the range of from 80 to 100 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 85 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 90 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 95 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 96 to 100 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 97 to 100 weight-%, with CN(SO) preferably being in the range of from 5 to 40 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 10 to 35 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 15 to 30 weight-%.

3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the recovered carbon black particles of the stream Sc3 exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value preferably in the range of from 0.1 to 10 pm, more preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 5 pm, more preferably in the range of from 0.8 to 3 pm.

4. The process of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein CN(SC3) 0.95 CN(SO), preferably CN(SC3) 0.90 CN(SO), more preferably cN(SC3) 0.85 CN(SO),.

5. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first centrifugal force classifier Ci is a deflecting wheelclassifier; wherein the specific solids load of volume flow of the stream So passing through Ci is preferably in the range of from 1 to 200 g / m3, more preferably in the range of from 3 to 150 g / m3, more preferably in the range of from 5 to 100 g / m3, and wherein the circumferential speed of the classifying wheel is preferably in the range of from 1 to 100 m / s, more preferably in the range of from 10 to 80 m / s, more preferably in the range of from 30 to 60 m / s.

6. The process of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second centrifugal force classifier C2 is a cyclone, preferably a tangential cyclone or an axial cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone; wherein the cyclone comprises an immersion tube, and wherein the cyclone exhibits preferably one or more of the following features, more preferably two or more of the following features, more preferably three or more of the following features, more preferably all of the following features: a ratio of the radius of the top of the cyclone to the radius of the immersion tube in the range of from2.8 to 4, preferably in the range of from 3 to 3.5; a ratio of the radius of the lower outlet opening of the cyclone to the radius of the immersion tube in the range of from 0.8 to 1 .5, preferably in the range of from 1 to 1 .3; a ratio of the inlet cross-section to the outlet cross-section of the cyclone in the range of from 0.8 to1.2, preferably in the range of from 0.9 to 1.1 ; a gas velocity of the stream SF1 passing through C2; a gas velocity of the stream SF 1 passing through C2 in the range of from 9 to 14 g / m3, preferably in the range of from 10 to 12 g / m3.

7. The process of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the filter separator C3 is a baghouse filter, wherein the maximum load of the filter surface of the filter separator C3 is preferably in the range of from 60 to 1200 g / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 100 to 1000 g / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 200 to 800 g / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 300 to 500 g / (m2»h), and wherein the filtered gas load in C3 is preferably in the range of from 10 to 120 m3 / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 15 to 100 m3 / (m2»h), more preferably in the range of from 25 to 50 m3 / (m2»h).

8. The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream So comprises one or more of a Si impurity component, a Zn impurity component and a Co impurity component, preferably a Si impurity component, a Zn impurity component and a Co impurity component, wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream So exhibits preferably at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably all of the following features: a content csi(So) of the Si impurity component in the range of from 0 to 25 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 2 to 8 weight-%, calculated as elemental Si, based on the weight of the inorganic non- carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885; a content czn(So) of the Zn impurity component in the range of from 0.1 to 6 weight-%, preferably in therange of from 0.3 to 4.5 weight-%, calculated as elemental Zn, based on the weight of the inorganic non-carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885; a content cco(So) of the Co impurity component in the range of from 0.005 to 0.2 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 0.02 to 0.1 weight-%, calculated as elemental Co, based on the weight of the inorganic non-carbon component, and determined as described in DIN EN ISO 11885.

9. The process of claim 8, wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream Sc3 exhibits at least one, preferably all of the following features: a content czn(Sc3) of the Zn impurity component with czn(Sc3) < czn(So), preferably czn(Sc3) 0.95 czn(So), more preferably cZn(Sc3) 0.90 cZn(So); a content cco(Sc3) of the Co impurity component with cc0(Sc3) < cco(So), preferably cco(Sc3) 0.90 cco(So), more preferably cco(SC3) 0.80 cco(So); wherein the inorganic non-carbon component comprised in the stream Sc3 preferably exhibits a content csi(Sc3) of the Si impurity component with 0.6 csi(Spo) csi(Sc3) 1 .30 Csi(So), more preferably with 0.8 Csi(Spo) - Csi(Sc3) - 1.05 Csi(So).

10. The process of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the stream So of recovered carbon black particles, provided according to (i), is obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(i.1 ) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2) subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (i.1 ) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted end-of-life rubber materials comprising carbon black;(1.3) subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4) subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream So comprising recovered carbon black particles;(1.5) optionally subjecting the stream So to comminution; and / or wherein the stream So of recovered carbon black particles, provided according to (i), is obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(i.T) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(i.2') subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (i.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(i .3') subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(i .4') subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream comprising recovered carbon black particles;(i .5') optionally subjecting the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles;(i .6') mixing the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (i.4') and / or the stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (i.5') with a binder, obtaining a mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and a binder;(i.6’) pelletizing the mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder, obtaining pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder;(i .7') subjecting the pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder to comminution, obtaining the stream So; wherein, independently from each other, the end-of-life rubber materials provided according to (i.1 ) and (i.1 ') preferably comprise, optionally consist of end-of-life tires, more preferably at least one of car tires, motorcycle tires, bicycle tires, truck tires, bus tires, tractor tires, mining machine tires and aircraft tires, wherein more preferably, the end-of-life tires comprise, optionally consist of passenger car tires.

11. A process for recycling carbon black, comprising(i) providing a stream So of recovered carbon black particles, wherein said particles comprise a carbon component at an average content cc(So) I weight-% and an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SO) I weight-%, and wherein said particles exhibit a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv9O(So) value in the range of from 5 to 200 pm, determined as described in Reference Example 1; wherein the stream So of recovered carbon black particles is preferably either obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(i.1 ) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(1.2) subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (i.1 ) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted end-of-life rubber materials comprising carbon black;(1.3) subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprising textile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(1.4) subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream So comprising recovered carbon black particles;(1.5) optionally or preferably subjecting the stream So, prior to (ii), to comminution; and / or obtainable or obtained by a process comprising(i. T) providing an end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(i.2') subjecting the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (i.1) to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material comprising carbon black;(i .3') subjecting the stream comprising the comminuted end-of-life rubber material to a separation method, obtaining a stream comprising rubber comprising carbon black, a stream comprisingtextile fibers, and a stream comprising steel;(i .4') subjecting the stream comprising rubber to pyrolysis conditions, obtaining a stream comprising a pyrolysis oil and a stream comprising recovered carbon black particles;(i.5’) optionally subjecting the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles to comminution, obtaining a stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles;(i .6') mixing the stream comprising recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (i.4’) and / or the stream comprising comminuted recovered carbon black particles obtained according to (i.5') with a binder, obtaining a mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and a binder;(i.6’) pelletizing the mixture comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder, obtaining pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder;(i .7') subjecting the pellets comprising recovered carbon black particles and the binder to comminution, obtaining the stream So; wherein, independently from each other, the end-of-life rubber material provided according to (i.1 ) and (i . T) preferably comprises, optionally consists of end-of-life tires, more preferably at least one of car tires, motorcycle tires, bicycle tires, truck tires, bus tires, tractor tires, mining machine tires and aircraft tires, wherein more preferably, the end-of-life tires comprise, optionally consist of passenger car tires;(ii) passing the stream So through a first centrifugal force classifier Ci, obtaining from Ci a fine fraction stream SFI of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SFI) value and further obtaining from Ci a coarse fraction stream Sci of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sci), with DV90(SFI) < Dv9O(So);(iii) passing the stream SFI through a second centrifugal force classifier C2, obtaining from C2 a fine fraction stream SF2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SF2) value and further obtaining from C2 a coarse fraction stream Sc2 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc2) with DV90(SF2) < DV90(SFI);(iv) passing the stream SF2 through a filter separator C3, obtaining from C3 a coarse fraction stream Sc3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value and further obtaining from C3 a fine fraction stream SF3 of particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a DV90(SC3) with DV90(SF3) < DV90(SF2), wherein the particles of the stream Sc3 comprise the carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight-% and the inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight-%, with CN(SC3) < CN(SO) and cc(Sc3) > cc(So);(v) subjecting at least a part of the stream Sc3, optionally together with one or more of virgin carbon black and carbon black recovered by a process other than the process comprising steps (i) to (iv), to a manufacturing process, preferably to a process for manufacturing a rubber material, wherein the rubber material is preferably a tire, more preferably at least one of a car tire, a motorcycle tire, a bicycle tire, a truck tire, a bus tire, a tractor tire, a mining machine tire and an aircraft tire, wherein more preferably, the tire is a passenger car tire.

12. A stream Sc3 of recovered carbon black particles, preferably obtainable or obtained by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , said particles exhibiting a particle size distribution characterized by a Dv90(Sc3) value in the range of from 500 nm to 4 m, preferably in the range of from 1 to 3 pm, determined as described in ISO / TS 5973:2024, said stream comprising a carbon component at an average content cc(Sc3) I weight-% and further comprising an inorganic non-carbon component at an average content CN(SC3) I weight- % with 97 < cc(Sc3) + 0N(SC3) 100, wherein the non-carbon component comprises a Zn component at a content czn(Sc3) of from 0.5 to 8 weight-% and a Co component at a content cco(Sc3) of from 0.001 to 0.1 weight-%.

13. Use of the stream Sc3 according to claim 12 as one or more of a filler material, a pigment and an additive.

14. A fractionation unit for carrying out steps (ii) to (iv) of the process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising(A) a first centrifugal force classifier Ci , means for introducing the stream So into Ci , means for removing the stream SFI and means for removing the stream Sci from Ci;(B) a second centrifugal force classifier C2 arranged downstream of Ci, means for introducing the stream SFI into C2, means for removing the stream SF2 from C2 and means for removing the stream Sc2 from c2;(C) a filter separator C3 arranged downstream of C2, means for introducing the stream SF2 into C3, means for removing the stream SF3 from C3 and means for removing the stream Sc3 from C3; wherein the first centrifugal force classifier Ci is preferably a deflecting wheel classifier; wherein the second centrifugal force classifier C2 is preferably a cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone or an axial cyclone, more preferably a tangential cyclone; and wherein the filter separator C3 is preferably a baghouse filter; wherein more preferably, no filter separator is arranged between Ci and C2.

15. A process, preferably according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the step of converting the stream Sci obtainable or obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , and / or the stream Sc2 obtainable or obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and / or the stream Sc3 obtainable or obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and / or the stream SF3 obtainable or obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and / or a chemical material obtainable or obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 110, to obtain a product Q; and / or a process comprising the step of using the fractionation unit according to claim 14 to obtain the stream Sci and / or the stream Sc2 and / or the stream Sc3 and / or the stream SF3 and / or a chemical material, and preferably converting the stream Sci and / or the stream Sc2 and / or the stream Sc3 and / or the stream SF3 and / or the chemical material to obtain a product Q.

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