Pyrolysis / gasification system and apparatus for producing synthesis gas

Abstract

Provided are a waste pyrolysis / gasification system and apparatus for producing synthesis gas. The present invention relates to a waste gasification treatment apparatus in which waste is introduced into a reduction furnace and gasified, the apparatus comprising: a refractory wall facing a waste treatment space inside the reduction furnace and including a plurality of refractory blocks; a waste introduction unit communicating with the outside to introduce waste into a reaction space inside the reduction furnace; and a slag discharge unit communicating with the outside to discharge slag out of the reduction furnace via a lower end thereof. The refractory wall between the waste introduction unit and the slag discharge unit includes a stepped portion protruding toward the center of the inside of the reduction furnace.

Description

Pyrolysis and gasification system and apparatus for synthesis gas production

[0001] The present invention relates to a waste gasification system and apparatus for converting waste into a resource for reuse by reducing and gasifying it, and specifically, to a pyrolysis and gasification system and apparatus for producing synthesis gas.

[0002] Recently, the amount of waste being used and discarded has increased significantly, making it very difficult to manage this rapidly growing waste. Furthermore, the recent rise in the consumption of single-use products, as well as single-use containers and packaging materials, has made it challenging to dispose of the discarded waste.

[0003] Waste materials include plastic resins composed of various polymeric substances. While landfilling has been widely used to treat such waste, this method has limitations due to spatial constraints. Consequently, some waste is disposed of by burning it in incinerators to reduce its volume. An example of this type of combustion is municipal waste incinerators. However, when waste is processed below a specific temperature in municipal waste incinerator devices, incomplete combustion can generate toxic organic compounds such as dioxins, toluene, naphthalene, and benzene. These substances are not only environmental pollutants but are also classified as carcinogens, which can cause significant problems if inhaled by the human body.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a waste resource recovery system that enables the reuse of waste materials, which have seen a rapid increase in usage recently, by reducing and gasifying them to make them reusable. Furthermore, there is a need for efficient and optimized waste gasification treatment devices and systems.

[0005] Accordingly, the problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a waste gasification system and apparatus capable of minimizing the generation of environmental pollutants while reducing most of the waste into gas, and increasing the efficiency of waste treatment by reusing the reduced gasification-treated syngas.

[0006] In addition, the invention provides a waste gasification system and device capable of maximizing the efficiency of waste reaction and gasification within a reduction furnace to minimize the residue of unreacted materials.

[0007] In addition, the invention provides a waste gasification system and device capable of minimizing unreacted waste by increasing the residence time of waste fed into the reduction furnace.

[0008] In addition, the invention provides a waste gasification system and device capable of minimizing unreacted carbon and producing synthesis gas of higher purity by enabling the thermal decomposition and gasification processes of waste inside the reduction furnace to proceed with higher efficiency.

[0009] The problems of the present invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other unmentioned technical problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0010] A waste gasification treatment device according to one embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem is a waste gasification treatment device in which waste is introduced into a reduction furnace and gasified, comprising: a refractory wall including a plurality of refractory blocks facing a waste treatment space inside the reduction furnace; a waste input section communicating with the outside to introduce waste into a reaction space inside the reduction furnace; and a slag discharge section communicating with the outside to discharge slag from the bottom of the reduction furnace, wherein the refractory wall between the waste input section and the slag discharge section includes a stepped portion protruding toward the center direction inside the reduction furnace.

[0011] Specific details of other embodiments are included in the detailed description and drawings.

[0012] According to embodiments of the present invention, at least the following effects are achieved.

[0013] The waste gasification system and device according to the present invention can minimize the generation of environmental pollutants while reducing most of the waste into gas, and can increase the efficiency of waste treatment by reusing the reduced gasification-treated syngas.

[0014] In addition, the efficiency of gasification through the reaction of waste within the reduction furnace can be maximized to minimize the residue of unreacted materials.

[0015] In addition, the residence time of waste fed into the reduction furnace can be increased to minimize unreacted waste.

[0016] In addition, by making the process of thermal decomposition and gasification of waste inside the reduction furnace proceed with higher efficiency, unreacted carbon can be minimized and synthesis gas can be produced with higher purity.

[0017] The effects according to the present invention are not limited to those exemplified above, and various other effects are included in this specification.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing the overall structure of a reduction furnace applied to a waste gasification treatment system and device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing a lower portion of a reduction furnace applied to a waste gasification treatment system and device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the features of the central passage of a reduction furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing the features of the central passage of a reduction furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a part of the refractory wall of a reduction furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a part of the refractory wall of a reduction furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a part of the refractory wall of a reduction furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing a part of the first plate of a slag discharge section according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing a part of the first plate of FIG. 8.

[0027] FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically showing a part of the first plate of a slag discharge section according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a part of the first plate of FIG. 10 of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 12 is an assembly diagram schematically showing a combination of parts of the first plates of various embodiments.

[0030] FIG. 13 is a plan view showing the first plate when parts of the first plate are combined and joined as in FIG. 12.

[0031] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the first plate of FIG. 13.

[0032] FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a lower portion of a reduction furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention, viewed from one direction.

[0033] FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a lower portion of a reduction furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention, viewed from a different direction.

[0034] FIG. 17 is a horizontal cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a simulation of the movement of slag inside a reduction furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] The advantages and features of the present invention and the methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided merely to ensure that the disclosure of the present invention is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the invention, and the present invention is defined only by the scope of the claims. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same components. In the drawings, the sizes and relative sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity of description.

[0036] Spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "lower surface," "lower side," "above," "upper," "upper surface," and "upper side" can be used to easily describe the relationship between one element or component and another element or component.

[0037] Although terms such as first, second, etc. are used to describe various components, it goes without saying that these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one component from another. Therefore, it goes without saying that the first component mentioned below may be the second component within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0038] For the purpose of explaining various embodiments of the present invention, the drawings may slightly exaggerate the size, height, length ratio, etc., of each component and the relative size, height, and length ratio between each component for the convenience of explanation.

[0039] Furthermore, although the terms moisture, water vapor, and water are used interchangeably in the description of the system and device of the present invention, it should be understood that these refer to components that are either moisture, water vapor, or water, or are in a mixed state. This is because, during the process of operating a gasification system or device, liquids, gases, etc., such as moisture, water vapor, and water, may exist only in a specific state or in a mixed state.

[0040] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0041] FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the overall structure of a reduction furnace applied to a waste gasification treatment system and apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a vertical cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a lower part of a reduction furnace applied to a waste gasification treatment system and apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in a waste gasification treatment device in which waste is introduced into a reduction furnace (1000) and treated for gasification, the device comprises a refractory wall (100) including a plurality of refractory blocks facing a waste treatment space inside the reduction furnace, a waste input section (400) communicating with the outside to introduce waste into a reaction space inside the reduction furnace, and a slag discharge section (700) communicating with the outside to discharge slag from the bottom of the reduction furnace, wherein the refractory wall (100) between the waste input section (400) and the slag discharge section (700) includes a stepped section (200) protruding toward the center direction inside the reduction furnace.

[0043] Waste materials may be introduced into the reduction furnace (1000) to undergo pyrolysis and gasification treatment for the production of synthesis gas. That is, the reduction furnace (1000) is formed such that a reaction and reduction space is provided as an empty space inside, and various components may be arranged to surround the reaction space. Inside the reduction furnace, waste materials are introduced, and pyrolysis and gasification of the waste materials proceed with a reactant provided by a burner device (not shown). The above reactant may refer to a substance containing oxygen, preheating gas, and / or steam, and may be injected into the reduction furnace to promote gasification. The above reactant may also be defined as a reactive agent and may perform the role of carrying out the reaction for pyrolysis and gasification. In addition, the above reactant may include other substances, such as a catalyst, in addition to the above-mentioned substances to facilitate a smoother reaction, and these may be supplied to the burner device (not shown) through another supply pipe.

[0044] Meanwhile, the pyrolysis and gasification of waste proceed, and the gas generated thereby is discharged outside the reduction furnace through the upper gas discharge section (500), and can be separated and purified through a post-treatment process to produce reusable hydrogen (H2) gas. During the separation and purification process, unreacted gases or impurities other than the reusable hydrogen gas can be removed to increase the purity of the hydrogen. Meanwhile, residues such as metals and minerals, which are inorganic materials contained in the waste, can be discharged outside in a molten state through the slag discharge section (700) located at the bottom of the reduction furnace (1000). That is, the gas discharge section (500) allows gas to be discharged from the upper part of the reduction furnace (1000), and in the next step, a separation and purification process can be carried out through the gas passage and the process of gas movement to produce higher purity hydrogen (H2) gas, and additional device configurations necessary for this can be included. In addition, a device may be additionally provided to allow the generated hydrogen (H2) gas to be stored separately for reuse or to be reused as fuel for various devices.

[0045] In the above reduction furnace (1000), the reduction gasification of waste can proceed while maintaining a temperature range of 1400°C to 2000°C, and the waste can be introduced after undergoing a certain preheating step to proceed with reduction gasification. In the above temperature range, most of the carbon atoms in the waste are converted into carbon monoxide (CO), and most of the hydrogen atoms are converted into hydrogen gas (H2), which is discharged in the form of synthesis gas and can be separated and purified for reuse. For example, the hydrogen gas (H2) in the synthesis gas can be stored and reused where hydrogen gas is needed, or it can be re-introduced into the reduction furnace for preheating purposes.

[0046] The above refractory wall (100) can be defined as a wall that partitions the inner space of the reduction furnace (1000) and can be formed by assembling a plurality of refractory blocks. That is, the refractory wall (100) can directly face the space where the reaction takes place inside the reduction furnace (1000). Since the space inside the reduction furnace is placed in a high-temperature environment, the refractory wall (100) can withstand very high temperatures when pyrolysis and / or reduction gasification proceed inside the reduction furnace (1000).

[0047] Meanwhile, the above reduction furnace (1000) may be characterized by having a refractory wall (100), a refractory insulation layer (not shown), an insulation layer (not shown), and a steel case (not shown) formed radially on a horizontal cross-section while partitioning the waste treatment space, wherein the refractory insulation layer (not shown) is formed by assembling unit blocks, and the insulation layer (not shown) includes ceramic fibers. The refractory insulation layer (not shown) can prevent heat from escaping to the outside to increase thermal efficiency. Additionally, the outermost part is covered by a steel case (not shown) to prevent the inflow of unnecessary external factors, and an insulation layer (not shown) containing ceramic fibers is placed between the refractory insulation layer (not shown) and the steel case (not shown) to maximize insulation efficiency. That is, the refractory wall and refractory insulation that come into contact with the highest temperature in the reduction furnace (1000) are manufactured as blocks and assembled according to their respective location characteristics to increase ease of manufacturing, and the outermost layer is covered with a steel case with an insulation layer interposed therein to prevent gas inside the reduction furnace from leaking out or unnecessary external factors from entering the reduction furnace.

[0048] To more firmly support each layer constituting the above reduction furnace (1000), a plurality of supports (900) may be further included that penetrate and support one or more of the refractory wall, refractory insulation layer, and insulation layer in a horizontal direction, and the supports (900) may be formed such that a first support (910) formed with a long length and a second support (920) formed with a short length are repeated. For example, the first support (910) may be formed starting from the rear end of the refractory wall to the front end of the steel case to firmly support the refractory insulation layer, and the second support (920) may be formed shorter than this to firmly support the insulation layer.

[0049] Additionally, although not separately described, the refractory wall of the above-described reduction furnace may be characterized by further including a ceramic blanket formed of a material containing ceramic material located between the lower processing space and the central processing space. That is, a ceramic blanket formed of a ceramic material may be interposed and placed between the refractory blocks of the refractory wall constituting the lower processing space and the refractory blocks of the refractory wall constituting the central processing space. The ceramic blanket can absorb thermal expansion between the refractory blocks (refractory walls) between the lower and middle sections and prevent damage caused by direct contact with the refractory walls.

[0050] The above waste input section (400) is the lower processing space (R) of the reduction furnace (1000). L It is placed in the ), through which waste can be supplied into the reduction furnace. Lower processing space (R L In ), the waste can be primarily pyrolyzed and gasified by a reactant provided by a plurality of burner devices (not shown). Non-limitingly, for a more efficient continuous process, the waste inlet (500) may be located below the burner devices (not shown). Preferably, the lower processing space (R L Oxygen and steam are supplied to the upper processing space (R), allowing pyrolysis to proceed at the bottom of the reduction furnace and gasification to proceed. UOxygen is supplied to ), allowing for further gasification to proceed. That is, the lower processing space (R L In ), gasification proceeds as the pyrolysis reaction proceeds predominantly, and the upper processing space (R U Gasification can proceed predominantly in ). That is, primarily, the lower processing space (R L After pyrolysis and gasification take place in ), the upper processing space (R U In ), the bottom processing space (R L Gasification can proceed on the undecomposed solid and residual carbon in ).

[0051] The above slag discharge section (700) may be connected to the outside of the reduction furnace (1000) at the bottom of the reduction furnace (1000) to allow slag to be discharged. Slag can be discharged to the outside through the discharge hole (600) which is connected to the outside of the slag discharge section (700). Slag is a molten state of residues such as metals and minerals, which are inorganic materials contained in the waste, and by periodically discharging it to the outside of the reduction furnace (through the slag discharge section (700)), continuous pyrolysis and gasification treatment can be carried out. To discharge slag more effectively, the slag discharge section (700) may include a first plate (710) formed of a material including tungsten or high-alumina, and a second plate (720) formed of a material including ceramic that surrounds the outer edge of the first plate (710) at the bottom of the first plate (710). The heat conduction efficiency can be increased by the above tungsten or high-alumina material so that the high temperature inside the reduction furnace is effectively transferred to the first plate (710). Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the slag from hardening near the slag discharge section (700), and due to the high heat transfer efficiency, the slag can be continuously discharged in a molten state without providing a separate heat source.

[0052] Preferably, due to the high thermal conductivity efficiency of the first plate (710), the molten slag at the bottom of the reduction furnace (1000) can maintain a high temperature of 1450°C or higher, and the slag can be prevented from cooling and hardening. In addition, the first plate (710) can be formed of a material including tungsten or high alumina material to have excellent durability and prevent wear caused by the slag.

[0053] Meanwhile, the discharged slag can be cooled and processed by a slag cooling unit (800) which is positioned at the bottom of the slag discharge unit (700) and contains cooling water. The cooling water present in the slag cooling unit (800) is continuously supplied and discharged to prevent the temperature from rising above a certain level and to maintain cooling efficiency. Additionally, the slag cooling unit (800) includes a water level control unit (not shown) for controlling the water level of the cooling water, thereby preventing the water level from rising even when the cooling water is continuously supplied. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the cooling water level from rising unintentionally and causing the cooling water to come into contact with the bottom of the reduction furnace (1000), thereby preventing corrosion from occurring in the reduction furnace (1000).

[0054] In the processing device of the present invention, the refractory wall (100) between the waste input section (400) and the slag discharge section (700) includes a stepped section (200) protruding toward the center of the reduction furnace. That is, the stepped section (200) is part of the refractory wall (100) and protrudes toward the center of the reduction furnace from the bottom of the waste input section (400), and can serve as a kind of barrier. In addition, the stepped section (200) may be composed of a plurality of parts and may be characterized by being spaced apart from each other in a vertical cross-section.

[0055] The waste input section (400) is a location where waste is continuously supplied, and a large amount of waste that has not been pyrolyzed or gasified can be supplied compared to other locations inside the reduction furnace. At this time, when waste or raw materials for recycled pellets are introduced at the waste input section (400), the waste can be made to remain on the refractory wall for a longer period of time rather than falling immediately downwards by the step section (200). Therefore, the reaction time inside the reduction furnace can be increased, and more reactions can be made to occur. For example, when waste raw materials are introduced into the reduction furnace, the waste may begin to change into a liquid state at the refractory wall near the waste input port, and the waste begins a pyrolysis reaction from the moment it enters the interior in a liquid state, and the step section (200) can allow the waste in a liquid state to have a sufficient residence time inside the reduction furnace. That is, the liquid waste can be made to flow down along the refractory wall of the reduction furnace, and the step section (200) can allow it to have a sufficient residence time inside the reduction furnace.

[0056] That is, as shown in the drawing of FIG. 1, waste is introduced into the interior of the reduction furnace from the waste input section (400) and, upon entering the interior of the reduction furnace due to high temperature, changes into a liquid state and can flow downward along the refractory wall on the side. Some of this may move toward the center of the interior space of the reduction furnace as thermal decomposition and gasification proceed, and may move upward in a gaseous state (11). Waste (10) that has not yet been decomposed (i.e., waste that has not yet undergone reaction when liquid waste is continuously introduced through the waste input section can be referred to as waste that has not been decomposed) flows downward in a liquid state. At this time, if there is no separate configuration, it falls downward and heads directly toward the discharge section, so that waste that has not yet reacted within the slag can be mixed and discharged. The reduction furnace of the present invention includes a step section (200), and multiple step sections (200) are formed spaced apart as they go toward the bottom, so that the residence time of the waste that has changed into a liquid state can be increased as it passes through the step section. By increasing the residence time of the waste, it is possible to minimize the amount of waste discharged without fully reacting within the reduction furnace. Meanwhile, various embodiments of the step section will be described in more detail later.

[0057] Meanwhile, the waste treatment space is a lower treatment space (R) positioned at the bottom, directly facing the waste input section (400). L ), the above lower processing space (R L The upper processing space (R) positioned above ) U ), and the lower processing space (R L ) and the upper processing space (R U Distinguishing ) and the above lower processing space (R L ) and the upper processing space (R U A central passage (R) having a smaller diameter compared to the diameter of ). C It may be characterized by including ). That is, the waste treatment space may be characterized by including a central passage (R) which is a space with a relatively small diameter. CThe upper processing space (R) above it by ) U ) and the lower processing space (R L It can be distinguished by ). Also, the central passage (R C Compared to ), the upper processing space (R U ) and bottom processing space (R L ) can have a relatively wider reaction and processing space.

[0058] For example, the above central passage (R C ) is the bottom processing space (R L ) and the upper processing space (R U It can be formed so that the lower reaction zone and the lower reaction zone are separated by having a diameter of 50% to 70% compared to the diameter of ). As explained above, the lower processing space (R L In the ) input waste, pyrolysis and gasification reactions can proceed, and the upper treatment space (R U In ), unreacted carbon can be allowed to undergo further reaction. Central channel (R C The internal space of the reduction furnace is divided into two stages by ), allowing for the production of more refined, high-purity synthesis gas. Meanwhile, the central passage (R C The diameter of ) is the bottom processing space (R L ) and upper processing space (R U If it is smaller than 50% of the diameter of ), the bottom processing space (R L If the reaction is strained or the gas produced after the reaction does not move smoothly toward the top, and if it is greater than 70%, the lower reaction zone and the upper reaction zone are not well distinguished, the production efficiency of the synthesis gas may decrease.

[0059] More specifically, the lower processing space (R L This is the area where gasification reactions proceed as most of the input waste undergoes pyrolysis. The lower treatment space (R LIn the lower treatment space (R), waste and oxygen (O2) and water vapor (H2O) supplied as reactants are mixed to proceed with pyrolysis, and oxidation and gasification reactions can take place. Accordingly, the lower treatment space (R L In this case, the temperature can reach 1,450℃ or higher, and the ash within the waste can be melted and converted into slag, which can then be discharged downwards.

[0060] Central passage (R C ) is the lower processing space (R) within the reduction furnace (1000). L ) and upper processing space (R U As a part connecting ), the diameter can be reduced compared to other spaces to allow unreacted carbon to flow to the center of the reduction furnace. Therefore, the upper processing space (R U It is possible to facilitate contact between oxygen injected from a burner device (not shown) of ) and unreacted carbon. To this end, a central passage (R C The empty space of ) can be formed in the central part in the horizontal direction by having a central refractory block protrude in the center direction across the edge of the side wall of the reduction furnace (1000), thereby reducing the diameter of the empty space. Ultimately, the lower processing space (R) of the reduction furnace (1000) L Pyrolysis and gasification reactions proceed in the region, and if unreacted material moves upward, the central passage (R C ) can act as an intermediate partition to simultaneously improve reaction efficiency and minimize dead space. In other words, by minimizing the possibility of dead space occurring in a reduction furnace that has an overall single structure, reaction efficiency can be maximized and high-purity synthesis gas can be produced.

[0061] Meanwhile, FIG. 3 shows a plan view schematically illustrating the features of the central passage of a reduction furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 shows a vertical cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the features of the central passage of a reduction furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Referring again to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, the waste gasification treatment device has the central passage (R C It may further include a plurality of spaced-apart guidelines (310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370) formed by protruding or recessing along the inner side wall of the ), and the plurality of guidelines (310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370) are formed at an angle, so that the lower processing space (R L In the upper processing space (R U The gas (11) moving to ) can be made to rotate and rise. By doing so, the upper processing space (R U By increasing the contact area with the reactant and extending the contact and reaction time, unreacted carbon can be reacted and removed as much as possible. Consequently, the amount of residual unreacted carbon can be minimized to produce higher purity purified hydrogen gas.

[0063] To explain again, the bottom processing space (R L The gas (11) rising from ) rotates by a plurality of guidelines (310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370) in addition to the rising airflow, while the upper processing space (R U It can be made to enter ), and the upper processing space (R U It can be made to rise continuously even within ). Ultimately, the upper processing space (R U The residence time and reaction time in ) can be increased, and the reaction with the reactant (e.g., oxygen) supplied by the burner device (not shown) can proceed more smoothly. Multiple guidelines (310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370) are in the lower processing space (R L Starting from the position facing and adjacent to ) the upper processing space (R U It can be formed as a line extending to a position facing and adjacent to ), and can be formed as a sunken or protruding shape.

[0064] More specifically, the plurality of guidelines (310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370) may be characterized by being formed at an angle in the same direction with respect to a virtual vertical line in the upper and lower directions of the reduction furnace. That is, the guidelines (310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370) may be formed at an angle such that the starting point at the bottom and the end point at the top are formed at different positions from each other, and the plurality of guidelines may be characterized by being formed at an angle in the same direction. In addition, regarding the virtual straight line (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7) heading toward one starting point of the guideline (310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370) from the center of the reduction furnace on the horizontal cross-section, the guideline (310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370) can all be formed by being inclined in the same direction, and the angles (θ1, θ2, θ3, θ4, θ5, θ6, θ7) formed by them can all have substantially the same angle values.

[0065] Meanwhile, the above central passage (R C ) may be characterized by being formed such that the width of the empty space becomes wider as it extends upward along the vertical line. Central passage (R C The empty space of ) is formed so that its width gradually increases toward the top, and as the gas (11) rises, the upper processing space (R U It can be made to spread evenly across the entire area (overall) and allow unreacted carbon to react more effectively. As explained above, in addition to the guidelines, the central channel (R C The central passage (R) is determined by the width shape of the empty space of ) C The gas (11) passing through the upper processing space (R) rises and rotates at the same time as rising and rotating. U By spreading it evenly across the area, a more effective reaction can be facilitated.

[0066] FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the refractory wall of a reduction furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, it shows an enlarged view of the stepped portion of the refractory wall.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 5, the step portion (200) may include an upper surface portion (210), a side portion (220) bent from the upper surface portion (210), and a lower surface portion (230) bent from the side portion (220) and facing the upper surface portion (210). That is, the upper surface portion (210) and the lower surface portion (230) may face each other and be connected at one end through the side portion (220). Accordingly, liquefied waste flowing along the upper surface portion (210) may pass through the side portion (220) and head toward the lower surface portion (230), and pass again through the upper surface portion of the step portion located at the bottom, thereby increasing the residence time in the reduction furnace.

[0068] FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a portion of the refractory wall of a reduction furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 6, the surface constituting the upper surface (211) at the step portion (201) may be characterized by being formed to slope downward as it approaches the side portion (221), and the surface constituting the lower surface (231) may be characterized by being formed to slope downward as it moves away from the side portion (221). That is, the angle (θ8) between the surface constituting the upper surface (211) and the surface constituting the side portion (221) may be characterized as being obtuse. Accordingly, liquid waste falling on the upper surface (211) may flow in the direction of the side portion (221) according to the slope and flow downward. If the angle (θ8) between the surface constituting the upper surface (211) and the surface constituting the side portion (221) is acute, the liquid waste may not flow in the direction of the side portion (221) and may accumulate on the upper surface (211). The slope of the upper surface (211) of the present invention can be adjusted so that liquid waste does not flow toward the side surface (221) and accumulate.

[0070] Additionally, the angle (θ9) between the surface constituting the lower portion (231) and the surface forming the side portion (221) may be characterized as being obtuse. Accordingly, the lower portion (231) may be inclined downward as it moves from the side portion (221) toward the refractory wall of the reduction furnace. In other words, the height of the surface forming the lower portion (231) may gradually decrease at a position further away from the side portion (221) compared to the height (height in the vertical direction) at the side portion (221). Accordingly, the liquid waste may not fall directly toward the slag discharge portion or the lower step portion, but may instead flow along the lower portion (231) as much as possible, thereby increasing the residence time.

[0071] Referring to the drawing, if we assume a virtual line (L8) on the same horizontal line at the upper point of the side section (221) and a virtual line (L9) on the same horizontal line at the lower point, the angle formed by the said virtual lines (L8, L9) and the side section (221) can be substantially close to a right angle. At this time, the angle (θ8) between the surface constituting the upper section (211) and the surface constituting the side section (221), and the angle (θ9) between the surface constituting the lower section (231) and the surface constituting the side section (221), can form an obtuse angle, which is an angle greater than a right angle.

[0072] FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a portion of the refractory wall of a reduction furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 7, the step portion may include a first step portion (202-1) positioned at the top and a second step portion (202-2) positioned spaced apart from the bottom of the first step portion, and the upper surface portion (212-1) of the first step portion (202-1) on the same vertical line may be included within the area of ​​the upper surface portion (212-2) of the second step portion (202-2). By doing so, waste material moving from the top to the bottom direction may be prevented from falling directly toward the slag discharge portion during the process of pyrolysis and gasification treatment, and may be allowed to proceed toward the upper surface of the step portion located at the bottom.

[0074] That is, the position where the upper surface (212-1) of the first step portion (202-1) ends and the side portion (222-1) is formed can be formed further away from the center of the reduction furnace compared to the position where the upper surface (212-2) of the second step portion (202-2) ends and the side portion (222-2) is formed. In other words, the imaginary line (L11) formed by the side portion (222-1) of the first step portion (202-1) can be positioned further away from the center of the reduction furnace compared to the imaginary line (L12) formed by the side portion (222-2) of the second step portion (202-2). Accordingly, waste moving from the top to the bottom direction can pass through the step portions sequentially without simply passing the step portion positioned at the bottom and falling. By doing so, the residence time of the waste can be secured for a longer period, and the phenomenon of the waste falling unintentionally in the direction of the slag discharge section (700) can be prevented.

[0075] Meanwhile, although the relationship between the first step section (202-1) and the second step section (202-2) has been explained, as shown in the drawing, the relationship between the second step section (202-2) and the third step section (202-3) can be applied in the same way as the relationship between the first step section (202-1) and the second step section (202-2). That is, the upper surface of the step section positioned in the lower direction is positioned to include the entire area of ​​the upper surface of the step section located at the top, thereby preventing waste from unintentionally passing by the step section located at the bottom and falling. The meaning of including the entire area above may mean that when the step sections are moved and overlapped along the same vertical line, the area of ​​the step section positioned at the top is included within the area of ​​the step section positioned at the bottom.

[0076] Meanwhile, FIG. 8 shows a perspective view schematically illustrating a part of the first plate of a slag discharge section according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 shows a plan view schematically illustrating the first plate of FIG. 8.

[0077] Referring again to FIGS. 1 and FIGS. 8 and 9, the slag discharge section (600) may be characterized by including a discharge hole (600) formed in the center, a first plate (710) formed of a material including tungsten or high-alumina, and a second plate (720) formed of a material including ceramic that surrounds the outer edge at the bottom of the first plate (710). The upper surface of the first plate (710) may be formed flat to allow the slag to flow smoothly. The first plate (910) may further include a blocking tip protruding downward from the discharge hole (600), and the blocking tip may protrude to a position lower than the horizontal plane where the first plate (710) and the second plate (720) come into contact with each other. Accordingly, the slag discharged outside the reduction furnace through the discharge hole (600) can be discharged by falling directly without coming into contact with the second plate (720). If the slag comes into contact with the second plate (720), the second plate (720) may be damaged, but this can be prevented by the blocking tip.

[0078] Meanwhile, the first plate (710) may be characterized by further including a dam portion (750) that is formed spaced apart from the discharge hole (600) and protrudes in an arc shape on its upper surface. That is, the first plate (710) may be formed by assembling a plurality of unit bodies, and the dam portion (750) may be formed on the upper surface of some unit bodies constituting the first plate (710). That is, it may be formed on a part of the upper surface of the first plate (710). The dam portion (750) is configured in an arc shape, and if the hole linked to the discharge hole (600) is circular in shape, it may be configured in an arc shape that occupies a part of the concentric circle of the circular shape. Accordingly, liquid waste or slag may be temporarily held by the dam portion (750) instead of proceeding directly to the discharge hole (600). In addition, liquid waste or slag can be scattered to the surroundings by the dam (750) and allowed to remain in the reduction furnace for a longer period of time.

[0079] Meanwhile, the above dam section (750) may be characterized by being positioned on the same line as the waste input section (400) in a vertical line. The above dam section (750) may be positioned on the same line as the waste input section (400) in a vertical direction while being spaced apart from each other. That is, the dam section (750) may be positioned closer toward the center of the reduction furnace than the waste input section (400). In another expression, on a top view, the dam section (750) may be positioned on the same line as the waste input section (400) while being spaced apart from each other. In yet another expression, on a top view, the dam section (750) may be positioned on an imaginary line extending from the waste input section (400) toward the center inside the reduction furnace.

[0080] At the bottom, which is closest in the vertical direction to the waste input section (400), there may be a large amount of liquid waste that has not yet reacted compared to other locations, and more material may accumulate compared to other locations. Therefore, by positioning the dam section (750) in the same vertical line as the waste input section (400), the liquid waste or slag can be evenly scattered to the surrounding area, and the unreacted liquid waste can remain in the reduction furnace for a longer period of time to react.

[0081] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view schematically illustrating a part of the first plate of a slag discharge section according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11 shows a plan view schematically illustrating a part of the first plate of FIG. 10.

[0082] Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the first plate (711) may include a portion without a dam. That is, unlike the first plate (710) of FIGS. 8 and 9, the upper surface of the first plate (711) of FIGS. 10 and 11 may be a smooth flat surface without a dam, so as not to hinder the flow of slag. As will be described later, by using a mixture of the shape of the unit of the first plate (711) as in FIGS. 10 and 11 and the shape of the unit of the first plate (711) as in FIGS. 8 and 9, the flow of slag or liquid unreacted waste can be controlled to allow for more optimized reaction, pyrolysis, and gasification to proceed.

[0083] Meanwhile, as previously mentioned above, the first plate may have a form in which several units are combined together. That is, it may be a form in which a unit with a dam formed and a unit without a dam formed are assembled together. However, it is not limited to this, and if necessary, it may be formed as a single unit without being separated from the corresponding units.

[0084] FIG. 12 shows an assembly diagram schematically illustrating a combination of parts of a first plate of various embodiments, and FIG. 13 shows a plan view of a first plate when parts of the first plate are combined as in FIG. 12. Additionally, FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the first plate of FIG. 13.

[0085] Referring to FIGS. 12 to 14, the first plate (710, 711) may include both a portion with a dam and a portion without a dam, and the dam may be formed only at specific locations. That is, the dam (750) may be formed spaced apart from each other only at specific locations (left and right), and the first plate may be configured without a dam at other locations where a dam is not needed. The portion where the dam (750) of the first plate is formed is intended to control the flow of slag or other liquid waste materials, so that the materials do not flow directly into the discharge hole and are not discharged outside the reduction furnace. In addition, the portion where the dam is not formed of the first plate is intended to allow the slag to move smoothly toward the discharge hole and be discharged. By adjusting the position of the dam in this way, the flow of materials such as slag can be controlled, thereby allowing optimized pyrolysis and gasification to proceed inside the reduction furnace.

[0086] FIG. 15 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of a lower portion of a reduction furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention viewed from one direction, FIG. 16 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of a lower portion of a reduction furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention viewed from another direction, and FIG. 17 shows a horizontal cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a simulation of slag movement inside a reduction furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] Referring to FIGS. 15 to 17, the dam portion (750) may be characterized by being positioned in a vertical line on the same line as the waste input portion (400). Additionally, the first plate (710, 711) may be characterized by including both a portion with the dam portion and a portion without the dam portion, and the portion without the dam portion may not be positioned in a vertical line on the same line as the waste input portion (400). That is, the first plate may be formed in the shape of FIG. 13, and FIGS. 15 to 17 should be understood as having the first plate arranged in the shape of FIG. 13.

[0088] In the case of FIGS. 15 to 17, the waste input section (400) is arranged in two locations on both sides of the reduction furnace. In this case, as shown in FIG. 15, a dam section (750) is formed at the bottom of the waste input section (400) to prevent the slag from being discharged directly into the discharge hole (600). Additionally, as shown in FIG. 16 viewed from a different direction, a section without a separate dam section is formed at a location where there is no waste input section, allowing the slag to be smoothly discharged outside the reduction furnace through the discharge hole (600). In other words, as shown in FIG. 17, liquid waste (10) introduced from the waste input section (400) may accumulate in large quantities at the bottom of the waste input section (400) or be discharged in an unreacted state. By using the dam section (750) to move it downward to the surrounding area, the residence time can be increased, allowing the reaction (pyrolysis and gasification) to proceed smoothly.

[0089] Meanwhile, the present invention provides a system using the above-described gasification treatment device, and the system of the present invention will be described below.

[0090] A system according to one embodiment of the present invention is a waste gasification treatment system in which waste is introduced into a reduction furnace and treated for gasification, wherein the reduction furnace (1000) includes a refractory wall (100) comprising a plurality of refractory blocks facing a waste treatment space inside the reduction furnace, a waste input section (400) communicating with the outside to introduce waste into a reaction space inside the reduction furnace, and a slag discharge section (700) communicating with the outside to discharge slag from the bottom of the reduction furnace, wherein the refractory wall between the waste input section (400) and the slag discharge section (700) includes a stepped section (200) protruding toward the center direction inside the reduction furnace, and the method comprises the steps of introducing waste into the reduction furnace through the waste input section (400) and reducing gasification in the lower treatment space of the reduction furnace, additionally gasifying unreacted carbon in the upper treatment space, and discharging slag through the slag discharge section (700).

[0091] The above-mentioned reduction gasification step refers to the process in which waste is introduced into a reduction furnace and subjected to thermal decomposition and gasification treatment for the production of synthesis gas. The waste is introduced into the reduction furnace and combusted together with the reactants (reactants) provided by the burner device, thereby proceeding with thermal decomposition and gasification. The generated synthesis gas can be separated and purified through a post-treatment process to produce reusable hydrogen (H2) gas. During the separation and purification process, unreacted gases or impurities other than the reusable hydrogen gas can be removed to increase the purity of the hydrogen.

[0092] In the above reduction furnace, thermal decomposition and reduction gasification of waste can be carried out while maintaining a temperature range of 1400°C to 2000°C, and the waste can be introduced after undergoing a certain preheating step to proceed with the reduction gasification step. In the above temperature range, most of the carbon atoms in the waste are converted into carbon monoxide (CO), and most of the hydrogen atoms are converted into hydrogen gas (H2), which is discharged in the form of synthesis gas and can be separated and purified for reuse. For example, the hydrogen gas (H2) in the synthesis gas can be stored and reused where hydrogen gas is required, or it can be re-introduced into the reduction furnace for preheating purposes.

[0093] Meanwhile, as explained in the above-mentioned waste gasification treatment device, the step of additionally gasifying unreacted carbon is in the lower treatment space (R L After reacting primarily in ), the central channel (R C Passing through ) to the upper processing space (R U The unreacted carbon in a gaseous state, which proceeds as follows, can be further combusted in an acid furnace supplied through a burner device. Accordingly, the amount of unreacted carbon can be minimized to produce synthesis gas of higher purity.

[0094] In addition, the above-mentioned reducing gasification step is a lower processing space (R L Pyrolysis and reducing gasification can proceed by oxygen and steam supplied from the burner device of ). As described above, the central passage (R C The upper processing space (R) by each component of ) U Gas containing unreacted carbon rising to ) can rise while swirling.

[0095] In the step of discharging slag through the slag discharge section (700), the slag generated by the reaction can be discharged outside the reduction furnace through the discharge hole (600), or can be discharged outside after falling into the slag cooling section located at the bottom of the reduction furnace to cool the temperature. The slag is not discharged directly into the discharge hole (600) at the same position vertically as the waste input section (400) by the dam section (750) of the first plate, but is moved to the surrounding area and then discharged, thereby increasing the residence time and allowing the reaction to proceed more optimizedly.

[0096] Meanwhile, the method may further include a step of preheating the reduction furnace by means of burner devices (not shown), which may be characterized by preheating the reduction furnace to a temperature range of 900°C to 1100°C by supplying one or more of hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), and LNG gas using the burner devices. To this end, the burner devices (not shown) may be connected to a supply pipe for separately supplying hydrogen or LNG gas in addition to oxygen or steam, or a separate pipe for recycling hydrogen gas collected through a reduction gasification system may be connected. However, the method is not limited thereto and may additionally include a preheating burner for separate preheating.

[0097] Meanwhile, various other configurations described in the waste gasification device described above may be applied to the system of the present invention. That is, other configurations not specifically described in this system have already been described in the waste gasification treatment device, and since the configurations described in the device are applicable to the system, redundant descriptions will be omitted.

[0098] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the attached drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and can be manufactured in various different forms, and those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical concept or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood as illustrative in all respects and not restrictive.

Claims

1. In a waste gasification treatment device in which waste is introduced into a reduction furnace and treated by gasification, A refractory wall comprising a plurality of refractory blocks facing the waste treatment space inside the above-mentioned reduction furnace; A waste input section connected to the outside to introduce waste into the internal reaction space of the above-mentioned reduction furnace; and A slag discharge section communicating with the outside to discharge slag from the bottom of the above reduction furnace; comprising, A waste gasification treatment device characterized in that the refractory wall between the waste input section and the slag discharge section includes a stepped portion protruding toward the center of the reduction furnace.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned stepped portion is composed of multiple parts, and A waste gasification treatment device characterized by being spaced apart from each other in a vertical cross-section.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned stepped portion includes an upper surface portion, a side portion bent from the upper surface portion, and a lower surface portion bent from the side portion and facing the upper surface portion. The surface constituting the upper surface is sloped downward as it approaches the side surface, and A waste gasification treatment device characterized in that the surface constituting the lower portion is formed to slope downward as it moves away from the side portion.

4. In Paragraph 3, A waste gasification treatment device characterized in that the angle between the surface constituting the lower portion and the surface forming the side portion is an obtuse angle.

5. In Paragraph 2, The above-mentioned step portion includes a first step portion disposed at the upper end and a second step portion disposed spaced apart from the lower end of the first step portion, and A waste gasification treatment device characterized in that the upper surface of the first step portion on the same vertical line is included within the area of ​​the upper surface of the second step portion.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above waste treatment space is, A waste gasification treatment device characterized by comprising: a lower treatment space positioned at the bottom facing the waste input section; an upper treatment space positioned above the lower treatment space; and a central passage separating the lower treatment space and the upper treatment space and having a diameter smaller than that of the lower treatment space and the upper treatment space.

7. In Paragraph 6, It further includes a plurality of spaced-apart guidelines formed by protruding or recessing along the inner side wall of the central passage, and A waste gasification treatment device characterized by the fact that the above plurality of guidelines are formed by being inclined in the same direction with respect to a virtual vertical line in the upper and lower directions of the reduction furnace.

8. In Paragraph 7, A waste gasification treatment device characterized by the above central passage being formed such that the width of the empty space becomes wider as it goes upward along the vertical line.

9. In Paragraph 1, The above slag discharge section is, A waste gasification treatment device characterized by comprising a first plate formed of a material including tungsten or high-alumina, which includes a discharge hole formed in the center, and a second plate formed of a material including ceramic, which surrounds the outer edge at the bottom of the first plate.

10. In Paragraph 9, A waste gasification treatment device characterized by the first plate being formed spaced apart from the discharge hole and further including a dam portion protruding in an arc shape on the upper surface.

11. In Paragraph 10, A waste gasification treatment device characterized by the above-mentioned dam section being positioned in the same vertical line as the waste input section.

12. In Paragraph 11, A waste gasification treatment device characterized in that the first plate includes both a portion with a dam and a portion without a dam, and the portion without a dam is not positioned on the same vertical line as the waste input portion.

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