Single-side gas inlet SOFC combustor having wide working conditions and low pressure loss

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), and relates to a single-side gas inlet SOFC combustor having wide working conditions and low pressure loss. An ignition rod sleeve allowing for arrangement of an ignition rod is provided at the center of the top of a combustion chamber of the combustor; the top of the combustion chamber is further provided with an anode off-gas distribution channel and a cathode off-gas distribution channel, and the anode off-gas distribution channel and the cathode off-gas distribution channel are sequentially arranged around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve; and anode and cathode off-gases pass through the respective independent distribution channels, and then are uniformly introduced into the combustion chamber in an annular gas outlet manner. In the present application, the anode and cathode off-gases are uniformly fed into the combustion chamber in an annular manner, maintaining a consistent flow density on the annular surface, so that the two off-gases are fully mixed in the combustion chamber; the ignition rod ignites at the center, so that flame deflection is avoided, local overheating is reduced, and a stable combustion state is achieved, thereby facilitating stable combustion in a wide working condition range, and reducing pressure loss caused by uneven gas distribution.

Description

A single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411604522.2, filed on November 11, 2024, entitled "A Single-Sided Inlet SOFC Burner with Wide Operating Conditions and Low Pressure Loss", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cells, specifically to a single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss. Background Technology

[0004] In solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems, the burner is primarily used to maintain the thermal balance of the SOFC system, meeting the temperature regulation requirements during the heating, heat preservation, power generation, and cooling phases. As a core component of the SOFC system, the burner needs to maintain stable and efficient combustion under different operating conditions while also maintaining the lowest possible flow path pressure drop to reduce the back pressure of the upstream stack and the power consumption of the system's fan.

[0005] To meet the compact layout requirements of SOFC systems, burners typically employ single-sided air intake. Because gas enters from only one side, the airflow distribution within the combustion chamber is uneven, easily causing the flame to deviate to one side, resulting in localized overheating and potentially leading to overheating of the metal walls. Furthermore, prolonged excessively high metal wall temperatures accelerate material aging and may even cause structural failure, impacting the burner's lifespan and the system's safe operation.

[0006] Furthermore, the exhaust gas temperature during fuel cell stack operation is around 600-800℃, and this high-temperature intake gas further exacerbates the problem of wall overheating. If the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the burner directly and is not evenly distributed, it will form hot spots in certain areas, causing a sharp rise in wall temperature. High-temperature exhaust gas not only causes wall overheating but also increases thermal stress, leading to material fatigue and damage, thus affecting the reliability and lifespan of the burner.

[0007] The above problems are worth solving. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the problem of flame deflection caused by uneven exhaust gas flow distribution in existing combustion chambers, this application provides a single-side intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss.

[0009] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0010] A single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss includes a combustion chamber and an anode inlet pipe and a cathode inlet pipe located on the same side. The combustion chamber is also equipped with an ignition rod, and an ignition rod sleeve is located at the center of the top of the combustion chamber. The ignition rod is inserted into the ignition rod sleeve and passes through the combustion chamber. The top of the combustion chamber is also equipped with an anode exhaust gas distribution channel and a cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The anode exhaust gas distribution channel is arranged around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve, and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is arranged around the anode exhaust gas sleeve. The lower end of the gas distribution channel is on the outer periphery; and both the anode exhaust gas distribution channel and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel are centered on the ignition rod; the anode exhaust gas distribution channel connects the anode intake pipe and the combustion chamber, and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel connects the cathode intake pipe and the combustion chamber; and the ignition rod sleeve, the anode exhaust gas distribution chamber, and the cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber are mutually isolated; after passing through their respective independent exhaust gas distribution channels, the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas are uniformly introduced into the combustion chamber in an annular exhaust manner.

[0011] As an optional technical solution of this application, the ignition rod can be adjusted to be inserted into the combustion chamber at a depth along the axial direction of the ignition rod sleeve.

[0012] As an optional technical solution of this application, the anode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber and a second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber sequentially sleeved around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve from the outside to the inside. The side wall of the first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber is connected to the anode inlet pipe, and the side wall of the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber is provided with a first anode inlet hole for connecting the first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber. The bottom channel of the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber extends downward along the ignition rod sleeve and connects to the combustion chamber.

[0013] As an optional technical solution of this application, an anode exhaust gas nozzle is provided between the bottom channel of the anode exhaust gas distribution channel and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve. The anode exhaust gas nozzle includes a nozzle sleeve body, and the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle sleeve body is provided with a plurality of inclined swirl blades. The nozzle sleeve body and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve are integrally formed, and the connection between the two constitutes a nozzle end cover plate. The nozzle end cover plate is uniformly provided with a plurality of second anode air inlets.

[0014] As an optional technical solution of this application, the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes an outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel and an inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The side wall of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is connected to the cathode inlet pipe. The top of the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel has an opening and communicates with the top of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The bottom of the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel covers the combustion chamber. The cathode exhaust gas enters the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel through the cathode inlet pipe and flows into the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel from bottom to top and from outside to inside, and then enters the combustion chamber from top to bottom.

[0015] Optionally, the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, a second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, and a third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber distributed from bottom to top. A first perforated plate is provided between the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, and the first perforated plate is provided with a plurality of first cathode air inlets. A second perforated plate is provided between the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, and the second perforated plate is provided with a plurality of second cathode air inlets. A through hole is provided in the middle of the second perforated plate to connect the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel.

[0016] Optionally, the first cathode air inlet includes a peripheral cathode air inlet and an inner cathode air inlet. The peripheral cathode air inlets are arranged in a circular array on the outer periphery of the first perforated plate, and the inner cathode air inlets are arranged in an arc shape on the side of the first perforated plate near the cathode air inlet pipe. The second cathode air inlets are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the second perforated plate.

[0017] Optionally, an annular baffle is provided in the center of the top wall of the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber. The annular baffle is used to guide and disperse the cathode exhaust gas so that the cathode exhaust gas flows evenly to the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel.

[0018] Optionally, the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and a fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber distributed from top to bottom. A third perforated plate is provided between the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber and the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber. The third perforated plate has several rings of third cathode air inlets, and an annular guide plate is provided between two adjacent rings of third cathode air inlets. The annular guide plate is used to disperse the cathode exhaust gas and guide the airflow direction.

[0019] As an optional technical solution of this application, the combustion chamber is frustum-shaped and includes a top connecting plate, a middle inclined chamber wall and a bottom connecting plate. The top connecting plate has a central opening and is connected to the anode exhaust gas distribution channel. The bottom connecting plate is connected to the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The top connecting plate has several fourth cathode air inlets outside the anode exhaust gas distribution channel. The middle inclined chamber wall has several fifth cathode air inlets. The bottom connecting plate has several sixth cathode air inlets.

[0020] Optionally, the diameter of the plurality of fifth cathode air inlets on the inclined central chamber wall gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0021] As an optional technical solution of this application, the bottom outer wall of the combustion chamber is formed by the downward extension of the side wall of the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, and the bottom outer wall of the combustion chamber is provided with a flame detector.

[0022] As an optional technical solution of this application, the bottom of the combustion chamber is connected to the flue gas outlet pipe through a conical sleeve.

[0023] Optionally, a flame deflector is provided at the front end of the flue gas outlet pipe, a cooling air inlet pipe is connected to the middle of the flame deflector, and several partition strips are evenly provided around the flame deflector, so that the flame deflector is radial.

[0024] Optionally, at least one temperature sensor is provided below the flame deflector of the flue gas outlet pipe.

[0025] According to the above-described scheme, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0026] 1. In this application, the anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas are introduced into the combustion chamber in a ring-shaped manner through their respective independent exhaust gas distribution channels. The two exhaust gases do not enter as a concentrated stream of fluid, but spread along a ring-shaped path and maintain a consistent flow density on the ring surface. They have a uniform flow velocity and concentration at the inlet section of the combustion chamber, which promotes the full mixing of the two exhaust gases in the combustion chamber.

[0027] The anode exhaust gas is located in the central area of ​​the combustion chamber, while the cathode exhaust gas surrounds the anode exhaust gas, satisfying the exhaust gas combination and requirements for complete combustion. Furthermore, the ignition rod is centered for ignition, avoiding flame deflection and reducing local overheating or incomplete combustion, thereby achieving a more stable combustion state. This helps to achieve stable combustion over a wide operating range and reduces pressure loss caused by uneven gas distribution.

[0028] 2. The anode exhaust gas is divided into two paths at the anode exhaust gas nozzle: one path of anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber as a jet when flowing through the second anode inlet, and the other path of anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber in a rotating manner when flowing through the swirl vanes. This combined intake method can generate a backflow vortex in the combustion chamber. The backflow vortex enhances the mixing of anode and cathode exhaust gas in the combustion chamber, effectively improving the anode exhaust gas combustion efficiency of the SOFC system in various operating conditions. On the other hand, the backflow vortex can effectively maintain the continuous and stable combustion of the flame by entraining the high-temperature flue gas in the combustion chamber.

[0029] 3. The cathode exhaust gas with single-sided air intake first passes through the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel and then through the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The reasonable gas flow path helps to disperse the cathode exhaust gas evenly during the flow process. The multi-level distribution chamber structure design of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel enables the cathode exhaust gas to have several short stays in the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, further dispersing the cathode exhaust gas during the flow process and ensuring that the cathode exhaust gas enters the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel more evenly. This reduces the pressure loss during gas flow and ensures uniform distribution when entering the combustion chamber, so as to mix well with the anode exhaust gas and improve combustion efficiency.

[0030] 4. The cathode exhaust gas in the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber is divided into three paths: The first path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber through the fourth cathode air inlet. This part of the cathode exhaust gas can blow away the high-temperature flue gas entrained by the backflow vortex from the top connecting plate to avoid overheating of the top connecting plate wall; The second path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber through the fifth cathode air inlet. Part of the cathode exhaust gas enters the flame area to participate in the combustion organization to improve the combustion efficiency of the anode exhaust gas, and the other part can form an airflow protection layer between the high-temperature flame and the combustion chamber wall, which can effectively prevent flame deflection and reduce the heat transfer of high-temperature flue gas to the combustion chamber wall; The third path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber through the sixth cathode air inlet. It can form an airflow protection layer between the high-temperature flue gas and the bottom of the combustion chamber, the conical sleeve and the flue gas outlet pipe, to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from burning the metal wall and causing structural failure.

[0031] 5. The ignition rod is centrally located and connected to the burner housing via threads to facilitate adjustment of the ignition point. Users can quickly adjust the insertion depth of the ignition rod according to different combustion requirements to optimize the ignition effect, simplify maintenance, facilitate replacement of the ignition rod when needed, and improve the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the equipment.

[0032] 6. The flame deflector is installed at the flue gas outlet pipe. This can prevent the combustion flame from being too long and causing damage or impact to the downstream heat exchanger components. At the same time, it can also enhance the mixing of high-temperature flue gas and cathode tail gas, thereby reducing the circumferential temperature difference of the flue gas profile and enhancing the heat exchange efficiency of the downstream heat exchange components.

[0033] 7. A cooling air inlet pipe is provided at the center of the flame deflector. By adjusting the amount of cooling air, the flue gas temperature at the burner outlet can be flexibly adjusted without affecting the combustion organization of the flame at the front end. At the same time, the turbulence of the flame deflector enhances the mixing of high-temperature flue gas and cooling air, which can effectively suppress the impact of uneven flue gas temperature on the performance of the downstream heat exchange components.

[0034] 8. A ring-shaped baffle is provided in the center of the top wall of the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber. The ring-shaped baffle guides the airflow, making the airflow smoother. This helps to reduce the turbulence generated when the gas enters the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber, thereby reducing pressure loss and improving combustion efficiency.

[0035] 9. A tapered sleeve is installed between the bottom of the combustion chamber and the flue gas outlet pipe. This can both reduce the size and shape of the flame and improve the wall cooling effect, as well as reduce the impact of pressure fluctuations at the rear end on the stability of flame combustion.

[0036] 10. By adjusting the position, number, and size of the openings in the combustion chamber wall, top connecting plate, and bottom connecting plate, the proportion of cathode exhaust gas participating in flame combustion and wall cooling can be adjusted to adapt to the operating parameters of different types of SOFC stacks. This can fully meet the requirements of stable combustion with a large air-fuel ratio in SOFC systems and has integrated design characteristics. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this application;

[0039] Figure 3 is a top view of the first perforated plate in this application;

[0040] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the ignition rod sleeve and anode exhaust gas nozzle in this application;

[0041] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the ignition rod sleeve and the anode exhaust gas nozzle.

[0042] Figure 6 shows the velocity distribution cloud map of the flow field in the third orifice plate;

[0043] Figure 7 shows the velocity distribution cloud map at the anode exhaust nozzle.

[0044] In the diagram: 100. Burner body; 1. Combustion chamber; 11. Top connecting plate; 110. Fourth cathode inlet; 12. Middle inclined chamber wall; 120. Fifth cathode inlet; 13. Bottom connecting plate; 130. Sixth cathode inlet; 14. Flame detector; 2. Anode inlet pipe; 3. Cathode inlet pipe; 4. Ignition rod sleeve; 41. Ignition rod; 5. Anode exhaust gas distribution channel; 51. First anode exhaust gas distribution chamber; 52. Second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber; 521. First anode inlet; 6. Cathode exhaust gas distribution channel; 61. First cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber; 62. Second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber; 63. Third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber; 630. Annular baffle; 64. Fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber; 65. Fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber.

[0045] 66. First orifice plate; 660. First cathode inlet; 6601. Outer cathode inlet; 6602. Inner cathode inlet; 67. Second orifice plate; 670. Second cathode inlet; 68. Third orifice plate; 680. Third cathode inlet; 681. Annular guide plate; 7. Anode exhaust nozzle; 71. Nozzle sleeve body; 72. Swirl blade; 73. Nozzle end cover plate; 731. Second anode inlet; 8. Flue gas outlet pipe; 81. Flame baffle; 82. Cooling air inlet pipe; 9. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To better understand the purpose, technical solution, and technical effects of this application, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, will provide further explanation. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. It is also stated that the embodiments described below are only for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0047] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component.

[0048] The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product is usually placed when in use, or the orientation or positional relationship in which a person skilled in the art would normally understand it, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product is usually placed when in use. It is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of this application and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0049] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” “fifth,” and “sixth” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or specifying the number of technical features. “Several” means two or more unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss includes a burner body 100. Ignition rods 41 and flue gas outlet pipes 8 are located at opposite ends of the burner body 100. The burner body 100 is composed of several nested sleeve structures, and a combustion chamber 1 is located at the center of the burner body 100. An anode inlet pipe 2 and a cathode inlet pipe 3 are located on the same side of the burner body 100, for introducing anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas, respectively. The ignition rod 41 is positioned centrally at the top of the combustion chamber 1 via an ignition rod sleeve 4. One end of the ignition rod 41 protrudes from the top of the burner body 100 and penetrates directly into the burner body 100, allowing the other end to penetrate into the combustion chamber 1.

[0052] The top of the combustion chamber 1 is also provided with an anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 and a cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6. The anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 is arranged around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve 4, and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 is arranged around the lower outer periphery of the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5. Both the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 are centered on the ignition rod 41. The ignition rod sleeve 4, the anode exhaust gas distribution chamber, and the cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber are isolated from each other. The anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 connects the anode intake pipe 2 and the combustion chamber 1, and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 connects the cathode intake pipe 3 and the combustion chamber 1.

[0053] As can be seen, after passing through their respective independent exhaust gas distribution channels, the anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas are uniformly introduced into the combustion chamber 1 in an annular shape. The anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5, while the cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the outer cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6. Since both the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 are arranged with the ignition rod 41 as the center, it can ensure that the two exhaust gases form a uniform annular distribution when entering the combustion chamber 1, thereby promoting the full mixing and combustion of the exhaust gases in the combustion chamber 1. The ignition is centered by the ignition rod 41, avoiding flame deflection and reducing local overheating or incomplete combustion, thereby achieving a more stable combustion state. This helps to achieve stable combustion over a wide operating range and reduces pressure loss caused by uneven gas distribution.

[0054] In other alternative embodiments, the ignition rod 41 can be adjusted in depth into the combustion chamber 1 along the axial direction of the ignition rod sleeve 4. Specifically, it is connected to the burner housing via threads to facilitate adjustment of the ignition point and to facilitate subsequent disassembly and replacement maintenance. Users can quickly adjust the insertion depth of the ignition rod 41 according to different combustion requirements to optimize the ignition effect, simplify maintenance work, facilitate replacement of the ignition rod 41 when needed, and improve the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the equipment.

[0055] In this embodiment, the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 includes a first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 51 and a second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 52, which are sequentially fitted around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve 4 from the outside to the inside. The side wall of the first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 51 is connected to the anode inlet pipe 2, and the side wall of the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 52 is provided with a first anode inlet hole 521, which connects the first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 51 and the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 52. The bottom channel of the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 52 extends downward along the ignition rod sleeve 4 and connects to the combustion chamber 1. Through this structure, the anode exhaust gas first enters the first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 51 through the anode inlet pipe 2, then enters the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 52 through the first anode inlet hole 521, and finally enters the combustion chamber 1 through the bottom channel of the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 52.

[0056] An anode exhaust gas nozzle 7 is provided between the bottom channel of the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve 4. The anode exhaust gas nozzle 7 includes a nozzle sleeve body 71, and the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle sleeve body 71 is provided with several inclined swirl vanes 72. The nozzle sleeve body 71 and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve 4 are integrally formed, and the connection between the two forms a nozzle end cover plate 73. The nozzle end cover plate 73 is uniformly provided with several second anode air inlets 731. Through this structure, the anode exhaust gas is divided into two paths at the anode exhaust gas nozzle 7: one path flows through the second anode air inlet 731 into the combustion chamber 1, and the other path flows through the swirl vanes 72 into the combustion chamber 1. Thus, one path of anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 in a jet manner when flowing through the second anode air inlet 731, and the other path of anode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 in a rotating manner when flowing through the swirl vanes 72. This combined intake method can generate a backflow vortex within combustion chamber 1. On one hand, the backflow vortex enhances the mixing of anode and cathode exhaust gases within combustion chamber 1, effectively improving the anode exhaust gas combustion efficiency of the SOFC system at various operating conditions. On the other hand, by entraining the high-temperature flue gas within combustion chamber 1, the backflow vortex can effectively maintain continuous and stable flame combustion. Please refer to the velocity distribution cloud diagram at the anode exhaust gas nozzle shown in Figure 7. As can be seen from the figure, the cathode exhaust gas velocity is consistent along the circumference of the anode exhaust gas nozzle.

[0057] In this embodiment, the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 includes an outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel and an inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The sidewall of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is connected to the cathode inlet pipe 3. The top of the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel has an opening and communicates with the top of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The bottom of the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is covered by the combustion chamber 1. The cathode exhaust gas enters the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel through the cathode inlet pipe 3 and flows from bottom to top and from outside to inside into the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, and then enters the combustion chamber 1 from top to bottom. Through this structure, the cathode exhaust gas first enters the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel through the cathode inlet pipe 3, and flows from bottom to top in the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. When the cathode exhaust gas reaches the top of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, it enters the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel through the top opening. After passing through the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, the cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 from top to bottom, mixes with the anode exhaust gas, and is combusted. As can be seen, the cathode exhaust gas with single-sided air intake first passes through the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel and then through the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The reasonable gas flow path helps to disperse the cathode exhaust gas evenly during the flow process, reduces the pressure loss during gas flow, and ensures the uniform distribution of the cathode exhaust gas when it enters the combustion chamber 1, so as to mix well with the anode exhaust gas and improve combustion efficiency.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61, a second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62, and a third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 distributed from bottom to top. A first perforated plate 66 is provided between the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61 and the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62. The first perforated plate 66 is provided with a plurality of first cathode air inlets 660. A second perforated plate 67 is provided between the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62 and the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63. The second perforated plate 67 is provided with a plurality of second cathode air inlets 670, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the second perforated plate 67 to connect the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 and the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. Through this structure, the cathode exhaust gas first enters the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61 through the cathode inlet pipe 3, then enters the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62 through the first cathode inlet hole 660 on the first perforated plate 66, then enters the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 through the second cathode inlet hole 670 on the second perforated plate 67, and finally enters the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel through the through hole in the middle of the second perforated plate 67.

[0059] The multi-level distribution chamber structure of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel enables the cathode exhaust gas to have several brief stops in the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, further dispersing the cathode exhaust gas during the flow process and ensuring that the cathode exhaust gas enters the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel more evenly.

[0060] As shown in Figure 3, in order to ensure that the cathode exhaust gas can flow smoothly into the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 after entering from one side, and considering that the cathode exhaust gas flow rate is relatively large, in this embodiment, the first cathode air inlet 660 includes an outer cathode air inlet 6601 and an inner cathode air inlet 6602. The outer cathode air inlet 6601 is distributed in a circular array on the outer periphery of the first perforated plate 66, and the inner cathode air inlet 6602 is distributed in an arc shape on the side of the first perforated plate 66 near the cathode air inlet pipe 3; the second cathode air inlet 670 is evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the second perforated plate 67. With this structure, the side of the first perforated plate 66 near the air inlet end has more inner cathode air inlets 6602 than the other side, resulting in a larger number of air inlets on the side near the air inlet end. The cathode exhaust gas in the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61 can smoothly enter the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62, avoiding accumulation on one side of the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61. The cathode exhaust gas in the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62 can enter the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 more evenly through the evenly distributed air inlets.

[0061] The inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 64 and a fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65 distributed from top to bottom. A third perforated plate 68 is provided between the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 64 and the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65. The third perforated plate 68 is provided with several rings of third cathode air inlets 680, and an annular guide plate 681 is provided between two adjacent rings of third cathode air inlets 680. The annular guide plate 681 is used to disperse the cathode exhaust gas and guide the airflow direction. Through this structure, the cathode exhaust gas enters the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 64 from the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63 through the through hole in the middle of the second perforated plate 67, and then enters the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65 through the third cathode air inlet 680 on the third perforated plate 68. When passing through the third perforated plate 68, the third cathode air inlet 680 disperses the cathode exhaust gas and guides its flow direction to ensure uniform airflow distribution. Please refer to the velocity distribution cloud diagram of the flow field of the third perforated plate shown in Figure 6. As can be seen from the figure, the cathode exhaust gas flow velocity is consistent in the circumferential direction of the third perforated plate 68. The cathode exhaust gas can enter the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65 uniformly from the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 64, and mix and burn fully with the anode exhaust gas.

[0062] In this embodiment, the bottom outer wall of the combustion chamber 1 is formed by the downward extension of the side wall of the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6, which helps to make the structure of the burner body 100 more compact and reduce its size. A flame detector 14 is provided on the bottom outer wall of the combustion chamber 1. The flame detector 14 is used to monitor the state of the flame in the combustion chamber 1 in real time, and can obtain the flame signal in the combustion chamber 1 in a timely manner to ensure the stability and safety of the combustion process.

[0063] A flame deflector 81 is provided at the front end of the flue gas outlet pipe 8. A cooling air inlet pipe 82 is connected to the center of the flame deflector 81. Several dividing strips are evenly distributed around the flame deflector 81, making it radially arranged. The flame deflector 81, located at the flue gas outlet pipe 8, prevents the combustion flame from becoming too long and damaging or affecting the downstream heat exchanger components. It also enhances the mixing of high-temperature flue gas and cathode exhaust gas, thereby reducing the circumferential temperature difference in the flue gas profile and enhancing the heat exchange efficiency of the downstream heat exchange components. A cooling air inlet pipe 82 is located at the center of the flame deflector 81. By adjusting the amount of cooling air, the flue gas temperature at the burner outlet can be flexibly adjusted without affecting the combustion organization of the front-end flame. Simultaneously, the turbulence created by the flame deflector 81 enhances the mixing of high-temperature flue gas and cooling air, effectively suppressing the impact of uneven flue gas temperature on the performance of the downstream heat exchange components.

[0064] At least one temperature sensor 9 is provided below the flame deflector 81 of the flue gas outlet pipe 8 for real-time monitoring of the flue gas temperature inside the flue gas outlet pipe 8. In this embodiment, the flue gas outlet pipe 8 is provided with two temperature sensors 9.

[0065] The above technical solution is used as follows: ignition rod 41 is activated to ignite the mixed gas in combustion chamber 1; flame detector 14 detects the flue gas to determine whether combustion has occurred and transmits the signal to the controller; the controller decides whether to activate ignition rod 41 based on the signal feedback from flame detector 14; the flue gas after combustion can shorten the length of the combustion flame and enhance mixing after flowing through flame deflector 81; cooling air enters the flue gas through cooling air inlet pipe 82, which can flexibly adjust the flue gas temperature at the burner outlet; finally, the flue gas flows through temperature sensor one and temperature sensor two for temperature measurement and then flows out through flue gas outlet pipe 8.

[0066] In summary, the single-sided intake SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss provided in this application has a relatively compact structural design and low flow path pressure loss, which reduces the system size and wind turbine power consumption, and helps to improve the overall power generation efficiency of the SOFC system.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] A single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss, with the remaining structure the same as in Embodiment 1, has an anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 and a cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6. The anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 includes a first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 51 and a second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber 52. The cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 includes a first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61, a second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62, a third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63, a fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 64, and a fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65. The difference is that an annular baffle 630 is provided in the center of the top wall of the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63. The annular baffle 630 is used to guide and disperse the cathode exhaust gas so that the cathode exhaust gas flows evenly to the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. By guiding the airflow through the annular baffle 630, the airflow becomes smoother, which helps to reduce the turbulence generated when the gas enters the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 64, thereby reducing pressure loss and improving combustion efficiency.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss, whose remaining structure is the same as in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, has an anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5 and a cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6. The cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6 includes a first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 61, a second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 62, a third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 63, a fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 64, and a fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65. The difference is:

[0071] In this embodiment, the bottom of the combustion chamber 1 is connected to the flue gas outlet pipe 8 through a conical sleeve. The conical sleeve can both shrink and concentrate the flame shape and improve the wall cooling effect, as well as reduce the impact of pressure fluctuations at the rear end on the flame combustion stability.

[0072] Combustion chamber 1 is frustum-shaped and includes a top connecting plate 11, a middle inclined chamber wall 12 and a bottom connecting plate 13. The top connecting plate 11 has a central opening and is connected to the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5. The bottom connecting plate 13 is connected to the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel 6. The top connecting plate 11 is provided with several fourth cathode air inlets 110 outside the anode exhaust gas distribution channel 5. The middle inclined chamber wall 12 is provided with several fifth cathode air inlets 120. The bottom connecting plate 13 is provided with several sixth cathode air inlets 130. Through this structure, the cathode exhaust gas is divided into three paths inside the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber 65: the first path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the fourth cathode air inlet 110. This part of the cathode exhaust gas can blow away the high-temperature flue gas entrained by the backflow vortex from the top connecting plate 11 to avoid overheating of the top connecting plate 11 wall surface; the second path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the fifth cathode air inlet 120. Part of the cathode exhaust gas enters the flame area to participate in the combustion organization to improve the combustion efficiency of the anode exhaust gas, while the other part can form an airflow protection layer between the high-temperature flame and the combustion chamber 1 wall surface, which can effectively prevent flame deflection and reduce the heat transfer of high-temperature flue gas to the combustion chamber 1 wall; the third path of cathode exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 1 through the sixth cathode air inlet 130. It can form an airflow protection layer between the high-temperature flue gas and the bottom of the combustion chamber 1, the conical sleeve and the flue gas outlet pipe 8, to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from burning the metal wall surface and causing structural failure.

[0073] In the above scheme, the proportion of cathode exhaust gas participating in flame combustion and wall cooling can be adjusted by adjusting the position, number and size of the openings in the combustion chamber wall, top connecting plate and bottom connecting plate, so as to adapt to the operating parameters of different types of SOFC stacks. This can fully meet the requirements of stable combustion with a large air-fuel ratio in SOFC system and has integrated design characteristics.

[0074] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0075] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss, comprising a combustion chamber (1) and an anode inlet pipe (2) and a cathode inlet pipe (3) located on the same side, wherein the combustion chamber (1) is further provided with an ignition rod (41), characterized in that, An ignition rod sleeve (4) is provided at the center of the top of the combustion chamber (1), and the ignition rod (41) is inserted into the ignition rod sleeve (4) and passes through the combustion chamber (1). The top of the combustion chamber (1) is also provided with an anode exhaust gas distribution channel (5) and a cathode exhaust gas distribution channel (6). The anode exhaust gas distribution channel (5) is arranged around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve (4), and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel (6) is arranged around the outer periphery of the lower end of the anode exhaust gas distribution channel (5). The anode exhaust gas distribution channel (5) connects the anode intake pipe (2) and the combustion chamber (1), and the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel (6) connects the cathode intake pipe (3) and the combustion chamber (1). After passing through their respective independent exhaust gas distribution channels, the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas are uniformly introduced into the combustion chamber (1) in an annular exhaust manner.

2. The wide-condition, low-pressure-loss single-inlet SOFC burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ignition rod (41) can be adjusted to insert into the combustion chamber (1) at a depth along the axial direction of the ignition rod sleeve (4).

3. The single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode exhaust gas distribution channel (5) includes a first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber (51) and a second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber (52) sequentially fitted around the outer periphery of the ignition rod sleeve (4) from the outside to the inside. The side wall of the first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber (51) is connected to the anode air inlet pipe (2). The side wall of the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber (52) is provided with a first anode air inlet hole (521) for connecting the first anode exhaust gas distribution chamber (51) and the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber (52). The bottom channel of the second anode exhaust gas distribution chamber (52) extends downward along the ignition rod sleeve (4) and connects to the combustion chamber (1).

4. The wide-condition, low-pressure-loss single-inlet SOFC burner according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, An anode exhaust gas nozzle (7) is provided between the bottom channel of the anode exhaust gas distribution channel (5) and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve (4). The anode exhaust gas nozzle (7) includes a nozzle sleeve body (71). The outer circumferential surface of the nozzle sleeve body (71) is provided with several inclined swirl blades (72). The nozzle sleeve body (71) and the tail end of the ignition rod sleeve (4) are integrally formed, and the connection between the two constitutes a nozzle end cover plate (73). The nozzle end cover plate (73) is uniformly provided with several second anode air inlets (731).

5. The wide-condition, low-pressure-loss single-inlet SOFC burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode exhaust gas distribution channel (6) includes an outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel and an inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The side wall of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is connected to the cathode intake pipe (3). The top of the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is opened and communicates with the top of the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel. The bottom of the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel is covered by the combustion chamber (1). The cathode exhaust gas enters the outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel through the cathode intake pipe (3), and flows from bottom to top and from outside to inside into the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel, and then from top to bottom into the combustion chamber (1).

6. The single-inlet SOFC burner with wide operating conditions and low pressure loss according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (61), a second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (62), and a third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (63) distributed from bottom to top. A first perforated plate (66) is provided between the first cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (61) and the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (62), and the first perforated plate (66) is provided with a plurality of first cathode air inlets (660). A second perforated plate (67) is provided between the second cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (62) and the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (63), and the second perforated plate (67) is provided with a plurality of second cathode air inlets (670). A through hole is provided in the middle of the second perforated plate (67) to connect the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (63) and the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel.

7. The wide-condition, low-pressure-loss single-inlet SOFC burner according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first cathode air inlet (660) includes an outer cathode air inlet (6601) and an inner cathode air inlet (6602). The outer cathode air inlets (6601) are arranged in a circular array on the outer periphery of the first perforated plate (66), and the inner cathode air inlets (6602) are arranged in an arc shape on the side of the first perforated plate (66) near the cathode air inlet pipe (3). The second cathode air inlet (670) is evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the second perforated plate (67).

8. The wide-condition, low-pressure-loss single-inlet SOFC burner according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The top wall of the third cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (63) is provided with an annular baffle (630) in the center. The annular baffle (630) is used to guide and disperse the cathode exhaust gas so that the cathode exhaust gas flows evenly to the inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel.

9. The wide-condition, low-pressure-loss single-inlet SOFC burner according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The inner peripheral cathode exhaust gas distribution channel includes a fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (64) and a fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (65) distributed from top to bottom. A third perforated plate (68) is provided between the fourth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (64) and the fifth cathode exhaust gas distribution chamber (65). The third perforated plate (68) is provided with several rings of third cathode air inlets (680), and an annular guide plate (681) is provided between two adjacent rings of third cathode air inlets (680). The annular guide plate (681) is used to disperse the cathode exhaust gas and guide the airflow direction.

10. The wide-condition, low-pressure-loss single-inlet SOFC burner according to any one of claims 1-3 and 5-7, characterized in that, The combustion chamber (1) is frustum-shaped and includes a top connecting plate (11), a middle inclined chamber wall (12), and a bottom connecting plate (13). The top connecting plate (11) has a central opening and is connected to the anode exhaust gas distribution channel (5). The bottom connecting plate (13) is connected to the cathode exhaust gas distribution channel (6). The top connecting plate (11) is provided with several fourth cathode air inlets (110) outside the anode exhaust gas distribution channel (5). The middle inclined chamber wall (12) is provided with several fifth cathode air inlets (120). The bottom connecting plate (13) is provided with several sixth cathode air inlets (130).

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