Deep-water solid material lifting experimental system

Abstract

A deep-water solid material lifting experimental system. A material distribution mechanism (10) comprises a clear water tank (11), a circulation tank (12), a material distribution tank (13), and a material guide trolley (14). A calibration mechanism (20) comprises a calibration tank (21) connected to an outlet of the material distribution tank (13). A feeding mechanism (30) comprises a material storage tank (31) and a screw conveyor (32) connected to an outlet of the material storage tank (31), and inlets of the material storage tank (31) are connected to the circulation tank (12) and the calibration tank (21). A lifting mechanism (40) comprises a plurality of vertical lifting pipes (41), each vertical lifting pipe (41) comprises a plurality of combined pipe sections, and each combined pipe section comprises a support section (411), a measurement section (412), and an observation section (413). A power mechanism (50) comprises a water pump (51) and an air compressor (52), an inlet of the water pump (51) is connected to the clear water tank (11), the material storage tank (31), and a water source, an outlet of the screw conveyor (32) and an outlet of the water pump (51) are connected to an inlet of a vertical lifting pipe (41), the side surface of the vertical lifting pipe (41) is provided with air injection ports, an outlet of the air compressor (52) is connected to an air injection port, and outlets of the vertical lifting pipes (41) are located in the material guide trolley (14).

Description

Deep-water solid material lifting experimental system

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411576089.6, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on November 6, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application belongs to the field of underwater material lifting experimental technology, such as a deep-water solid material lifting experimental system. Background Technology

[0003] Deep-water solid material hoisting technology is mainly used in engineering operations such as reservoir dredging and deep-sea mining. Large and medium-sized reservoirs typically have depths of around 100 meters, with some exceeding 200 meters, while deep-sea mining depths reach over 1,000 meters, placing extremely high demands on deep-water solid material hoisting technology. Vertical hoisting via pipelines is considered the most feasible and promising method currently available. In recent years, although some domestic and international teams have conducted research on deep-sea resource extraction technology using vertical hoisting via pipelines, mining costs remain high, the technology is not yet mature, and field applications are mostly limited to small-scale, experimental mining, requiring further in-depth research.

[0004] Currently, most deep-water solid material lifting test systems, both domestically and internationally, can only conduct hydraulic lifting tests or very small-scale pneumatic lifting tests, failing to simulate hybrid power lifting scenarios and lacking comprehensive test scenarios. Furthermore, the pipe diameters used are limited, and the testing capabilities are weak, resulting in significant discrepancies between test results and actual engineering conditions. The technical achievements obtained through these systems have low reference value and are difficult to directly apply to practical engineering projects. Additionally, monitoring the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow within the system pipes is challenging, hindering comprehensive testing and in-depth research of solid material lifting technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a deep-water solid material lifting experimental system, which has a wide range of applications and provides more accurate and comprehensive experimental results, providing a strong reference for the formulation and improvement of deep-water solid material lifting schemes in practical engineering.

[0006] This application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A deep-water solid material lifting experimental system includes a material distribution mechanism, a calibration mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and a power mechanism. The material distribution mechanism includes a clear water tank, a circulation tank and a material distribution tank arranged side-by-side within the clear water tank, and a guide trolley for switching the flow direction between the circulation tank and the material distribution tank. The calibration mechanism includes a calibration box, the inlet of which is connected to the bottom outlet of the material distribution tank. The feeding mechanism includes a storage tank and a screw conveyor connected to the outlet of the storage tank, the inlet of which is connected to both the circulation tank and the calibration box. The lifting mechanism includes multiple vertical lifting pipes of different diameters. Each vertical lifting pipe includes multiple combined pipe sections, and each combined pipe section includes a support section, a measuring section, and an observation section arranged in sequence. The power mechanism includes a water pump and an air compressor. The water pump inlet is connected to the clean water tank, the material storage tank, and the water source. The outlet of the screw conveyor and the outlet of the water pump are detachably connected to the bottom inlet of one of the vertical lifting pipes. Several air filling ports are provided on the side of the vertical lifting pipe, and the air compressor outlet is detachably connected to one air filling port. The top outlet of the vertical lifting pipe is located inside the material guide trolley.

[0008] In one embodiment, the clear water tank is a square box structure, and the circulation tank and the distribution tank are both funnel-shaped structures. The guide trolley includes a trolley body, a guide rail and a drive component. The trolley body is also funnel-shaped. The bottom of the trolley body is movably connected to the top of the circulation tank and the distribution tank through the guide rail. The drive component is used to drive the trolley body to move along the guide rail, so that the bottom outlet of the trolley body moves above the top inlet of the circulation tank or the distribution tank.

[0009] In one embodiment, the sidewall of the circulation chamber has a mesh flow area, the mesh diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the solid material particles.

[0010] In one embodiment, a first clean water return pipe is connected to the bottom of the clean water tank; a second clean water return pipe is also connected to the side of the storage tank; the power mechanism includes a main clean water pipe connected to a water source, and the ends of the first and second clean water return pipes are connected to the main clean water pipe; a water pump is installed on the main clean water pipe for pumping clean water into the vertical lift pipe.

[0011] In one embodiment, the vertical lift pipe further includes a bottom inlet section and a top outlet section located at both ends; a jet feeding structure is connected between the outlet of the main water pipe, the outlet of the screw conveyor, and the bottom inlet section of the vertical lift pipe. The jet feeding structure includes a main feeding pipe and a discharge pipe connected above the main feeding pipe. The inlet of the main feeding pipe is connected to the outlet of the main water pipe through a flange, and the outlet of the main feeding pipe is connected to the bottom inlet section of the vertical lift pipe of a selected diameter through a flange; the upper end of the discharge pipe is inclined towards the inlet of the main feeding pipe and is connected to the outlet of the screw conveyor through a flange; the lower end of the discharge pipe communicates with the main feeding pipe, and a discharge port is formed at the intersection with the main feeding pipe; a pressure nozzle is provided inside the main feeding pipe. The pressure nozzle is an annular stepped structure connected to the inner wall of the main feeding pipe and is located next to the discharge port near the inlet of the main feeding pipe.

[0012] In one embodiment, the feed pipe and the main feed pipe form an angle greater than 60°; the area of ​​the feed port is 1.5 to 2.5 times the axial section of the main feed pipe; and the inner diameter of the pressure nozzle is 1 / 2 of the inner diameter of the main feed pipe.

[0013] In one embodiment, in the combined pipe section, the support section is a steel pipe, and its length accounts for 3 / 10 of the total length of the combined pipe section; the measuring section is an engineering plastic pipe, and its length accounts for 1 / 10 of the total length of the combined pipe section; the observation section is a transparent plexiglass tube with a square outer shape and a round inner shape, and its length accounts for 6 / 10 of the total length of the combined pipe section; the pipe diameters of each pipe section in the same vertical riser are consistent; each support section is provided with a pressure tapping hole, and a pressure sensor is installed at the pressure tapping hole; a pipe cross-section concentration meter is installed on the measuring section.

[0014] In one embodiment, the power mechanism further includes an air storage tank connected to the air compressor outlet, and an air delivery pipeline connected between the air storage tank and the vertical lift pipe. The air delivery pipeline has an inverted U-shaped section. The air delivery pipeline is also equipped with a one-way valve, a gas mass flow meter, and a pressure regulating valve.

[0015] In one embodiment, a weighing sensor is provided at the bottom of the calibration box, and a liquid level sensor is provided at the top.

[0016] In one embodiment, a vacuum gauge is installed at the inlet of the water pump, a pressure sensor is installed at the outlet, and a shaft power meter is installed on the pump shaft.

[0017] This application has the following technical effects:

[0018] 1. The power mechanism of the deep-water solid material lifting experimental system of this application is equipped with both a water pump and an air compressor, which can carry out lifting experiments using hydraulic, pneumatic, and hybrid water-air methods. It has a wide range of applications and can better simulate the lifting of solid materials in actual engineering projects.

[0019] 2. In the deep-water solid material lifting experimental system of this application, the combined pipe section consisting of the support section, the measurement section and the observation section can better realize the observation and monitoring of the three-phase flow state of gas, liquid and solid in the vertical lifting pipe, and obtain more accurate and comprehensive experimental results, providing a strong reference for the formulation and improvement of deep-water solid material lifting schemes in actual engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the deep-water solid material lifting experimental system.

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the deep-water solid material lifting experimental system.

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the deep-water solid material lifting experimental system;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the vertical riser pipe;

[0025] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the jet feeding structure;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the power mechanism connection.

[0027] Reference numerals: 10-Distribution mechanism, 11-Clear water bin, 12-Circulation bin, 121-Mesh flow area, 13-Distribution bin, 14-Guide trolley, 141-Trolley body, 142-Guide rail, 143-Driver, 144-Connecting rod; 20-Calibration mechanism, 21-Calibration box; 30-Feeding mechanism, 31-Storage bin, 32-Screw conveyor; 40-Lifting mechanism, 41-Vertical lifting pipe, 411-Support section, 412-Measuring section, 413-Observation section, 414-Bottom inlet section, 415-Top outlet Section; 50-Power mechanism, 51-Water pump, 52-Air compressor, 53-Main clean water pipeline, 54-Gas pipeline, 541-Check valve, 542-Gas mass flow meter, 543-Pressure stabilizing valve, 544-Inverted U-shaped pipe section, 55-Gas storage tank; 61-First clean water return pipeline, 62-First material return pipeline, 63-Second material return pipeline, 64-Second clean water return pipeline; 70-Jet feeding structure, 71-Main feeding pipe, 711-Pressure nozzle, 72-Discharge pipe, 721-Discharge port; 80-Support structure. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Example 1

[0029] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this embodiment provides a deep-water solid material lifting experimental system, including a material distribution mechanism 10, a calibration mechanism 20, a feeding mechanism 30, a lifting mechanism 40, and a power mechanism 50. The material distribution mechanism 10 includes a clear water tank 11, a circulation tank 12 and a material distribution tank 13 arranged side-by-side within the clear water tank 11, and a guide trolley 14 for switching the flow direction between the circulation tank 12 and the material distribution tank 13. The calibration mechanism 20 includes a calibration box 21, the inlet of which is connected to the bottom outlet of the material distribution tank 13. The feeding mechanism 30 includes a storage tank 31 and a screw conveyor 32 connected to the outlet of the storage tank 31. The inlet of the storage tank 31 is connected to both the circulation tank 12 and the calibration box 21. The lifting mechanism 40 includes multiple vertical lifting pipes 41 with different diameters. Each vertical lifting pipe 41 includes multiple combined pipe sections. Each combined pipe section includes a support section 411, a measuring section 412, and an observation section 413 arranged and connected in sequence (Figure 5). The power mechanism 50 includes a water pump 51 and an air compressor 52. The inlet of the water pump 51 is connected to the clean water tank 11, the storage tank 31, and the water source. The outlet of the screw conveyor 32 and the outlet of the water pump 51 are detachably connected to the bottom inlet of one of the vertical lifting pipes 41. The side wall of the vertical lifting pipe 41 is provided with several air filling ports. The outlet of the air compressor 52 is detachably connected to a selected air filling port. The top outlet of the vertical lifting pipe 41 is located inside the guide trolley 14.

[0030] Specifically, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the deep-water solid material lifting experimental system also includes a support structure 80. The material distribution mechanism 10, calibration mechanism 20, and lifting mechanism 40 are all supported and fixed by the support structure 80. The clear water chamber 11 of the material distribution mechanism 10 has a square box structure, while the circulation chamber 12 and the material distribution chamber 13 are both funnel-shaped structures. The guide trolley 14 includes a trolley body 141, a guide rail 142, and a drive component 143. The trolley body 141 is also funnel-shaped. The bottom of the trolley body 141 is movably connected to the top of the circulation chamber 12 and the material distribution chamber 13 through the guide rail 142. The drive component 143 is used to drive the trolley body 141 to move along the guide rail 142, so that the bottom outlet of the trolley body 141 moves above the top inlet of the circulation chamber 12 or the material distribution chamber 13, thereby switching the material flow direction. In this embodiment, the driving component 143 of the guide trolley 14 is a hydraulic push rod, which is mounted on the support structure 80. The end of the hydraulic push rod is connected to the trolley body 141 through the connecting rod 144, which can drive the trolley to move quickly.

[0031] In one embodiment, the circulation chamber 12 has a mesh flow area 121 on its side wall. The mesh diameter of the mesh flow area 121 is smaller than the diameter of the solid material particles, enabling the circulation chamber 12 and the clear water chamber 11 to exchange clear water and maintain stable pressure. A first clear water return pipe 61 is connected to the bottom of the clear water chamber 11. A first return pipe 62 is connected between the circulation chamber 12 and the storage chamber 31, and a second return pipe 63 is connected between the calibration box 21 and the storage chamber 31, allowing the solid material particles to return to the feeding mechanism 30 through the pipes during the system circulation process, achieving lossless circulation of the particles. A weighing sensor is provided at the bottom of the calibration box 21, and a liquid level sensor is provided at the top to detect the amount of material in the calibration box 21. The outlet of the storage chamber 31 is connected to the screw conveyor 32 through a knife gate valve, and a second clear water return pipe 64 is also connected to the side of the storage chamber 31.

[0032] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-3, the power mechanism 50 includes a main clean water pipe 53 connected to a water source. The ends of a first clean water return pipe 61 and a second clean water return pipe 64 are connected to the main clean water pipe 53, allowing clean water from the material distribution mechanism 10 and the material supply mechanism 30 to flow into the main clean water pipe 53 for continued circulation. In this embodiment, the inlet end of the main clean water pipe 53 is connected to a culvert (not shown in the figure), which contains clean water as a water source. A variable frequency pump 51 is installed on the main clean water pipe 53 to pump clean water to the vertical lift pipe 41. Solid materials are not circulated through the pump 51, resulting in stronger system stability. A vacuum gauge is installed at the inlet of the pump 51, and a pressure sensor is installed at the outlet of the pump 51 to monitor the vacuum level at the inlet and the outlet pressure, respectively. A shaft power meter is installed on the pump shaft of the pump 51 to monitor the power of the pump 51.

[0033] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the vertical riser 41 further includes a bottom inlet section 414 and a top outlet section 415 located at both ends. The end of the top outlet section 415 extends into the top opening of the trolley body 141, allowing the mixed fluid in the vertical riser 41 to return to the distribution mechanism 10 for continued circulation. A flow meter is provided on the bottom inlet section 414 of the vertical riser 41 to monitor the liquid loading velocity; vibration sensors are also provided on the bottom inlet section 414 and the top outlet section 415 to monitor the vibration of the pipeline.

[0034] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 2 and 6, a detachable jet feeding structure 70 is connected between the outlet of the main water pipe 53, the outlet of the screw conveyor 32, and the bottom inlet section 414 of the selected vertical lift pipe 41. In practical applications, the system is equipped with an equal number of jet feeding structures 70 as the vertical lift pipes 41, and the specifications of the jet feeding structures 70 correspond one-to-one with the pipe diameter of the vertical lift pipes 41. By replacing different jet feeding structures 70, the same water pump 51 and main water pipe 53 can be connected to vertical lift pipes 41 with different pipe diameters. The materials conveyed by each vertical lift pipe 41 with different pipe diameters can be circulated through the same set of material distribution mechanism 10 and feeding mechanism 30, providing more diverse and comprehensive experimental conditions. The system structure is simple, and the equipment cost is lower. During installation, a matching jet feeding structure 70 is selected according to the pipe diameter of the vertical lift pipe 41 required for the experiment, and it is connected to the screw conveyor 32 and the main water pipe 53. The screw conveyor can be customized to a suitable length according to the available space. When in use, the amount of solid material entering the vertical lifting pipe 41 per unit time can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the screw conveyor 32.

[0035] The jet feeding structure 70 includes a main feeding pipe 71 and a discharge pipe 72 connected above the main feeding pipe 71. The inlet of the main feeding pipe 71 is connected to the outlet of the main clean water pipe 53 via a flange (not shown in the figure), and the outlet of the main feeding pipe 71 is connected to the bottom inlet section 414 of a vertical lift pipe 41 of a selected diameter via a flange. The upper end of the discharge pipe 72 is inclined towards the inlet of the main feeding pipe 71, forming an angle greater than 60° between the discharge pipe 72 and the main feeding pipe 71. The upper end of the discharge pipe 72 is connected to the outlet of the screw conveyor 32 via a flange. The lower end of the discharge pipe 72 communicates with the main feeding pipe 71, and a discharge port 721 is formed at the intersection with the main feeding pipe 71. The area of ​​the discharge port 721 is 1.5 to 2.5 times the axial section of the main feeding pipe 71, which can meet the needs of high-concentration feeding. The main feed pipe 71 is equipped with a pressure nozzle 711, which is an annular stepped structure connected to the inner wall of the main feed pipe 71. Located next to the discharge port 721 near the inlet of the main feed pipe 71, the pressure nozzle 71 allows the clean water pumped by the water pump 51 to form a jet after passing through it. This jet mixes with the clean water and solid particles flowing out of the discharge port 721, propelling the mixed fluid into the vertical lift pipe 41. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the pressure nozzle 711 can be half the inner diameter of the main feed pipe 71, better balancing system flow rate and feeding efficiency. The diameters of the main feed pipe 71 and the discharge pipe 72 of the jet feeding structure 70 are designed proportionally to meet the needs of lifting experiments under different conditions, further expanding the applicability of the experimental system.

[0036] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the support section 411, measuring section 412, and observation section 413 are connected sequentially from bottom to top in the combined pipe section. The support section 411 is a steel pipe, approximately 3 / 10 of the total length of the combined pipe section, fixed to the support structure 80 to support the other pipe sections. Each support section 411 has a pressure tap, at which a pressure sensor is installed to detect the pressure inside the pipe. The measuring section 412 is an engineering plastic pipe, approximately 1 / 10 of the total length of the combined pipe section, and is equipped with a pipe cross-sectional concentration meter based on resistive tomography (ERT) to detect the concentration and distribution of coarse ore particles transported within the pipe. The observation section 413 is a transparent acrylic tube with a square outer shape and a round inner shape, approximately 6 / 10 (3 / 5) of the total length of the combined pipe section, facilitating the observation of the multiphase flow within the pipe. A high-speed camera is installed on the support structure 80 at a position corresponding to the observation section 413. This camera can capture images of the movement of coarse particles inside the transparent pipe, allowing for further analysis of the particle trajectory and velocity. In this embodiment, to facilitate processing and assembly during equipment production and measurement calculations during experimental use, the lengths of each pipe section are proportionally rounded to near-integer or decimal places. The support section 411 is 1m long, the measurement section 412 is 0.4m long, and the observation section 413 is 2m long. The pipe diameters of all sections within the same vertical riser pipe 41 are identical. Each vertical riser pipe 41 comprises four sequentially connected combined pipe sections. The support section 411, measurement section 412, and observation section 413 are arranged in a sequential and regular manner, enabling comprehensive monitoring of the multiphase flow motion state of the entire pipe section.

[0037] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the power mechanism 50 further includes an air storage tank 55 connected to the outlet of the air compressor 52, and an air supply pipe 54 connecting the air storage tank 55 and the vertical riser pipe 41. The vertical riser pipe 41 is equipped with multiple air filling interfaces of different sizes and positions for selection, allowing for experiments under various air filling conditions. The end of the air supply pipe 54 is detachably connected to the selected air filling interface. The air supply pipe 54 is also sequentially equipped with a one-way valve 541, a gas mass flow meter 542, and a pressure regulating valve 543, enabling precise control of the amount of gas entering the vertical riser pipe 41. In this embodiment, the air supply pipe 54 has an inverted U-shaped pipe section 544, with the gas mass flow meter 542 located at the rear end of the inverted U-shaped pipe section 544. The one-way valve 541 and the inverted U-shaped pipe section 544 prevent water in the vertical riser pipe from flowing back towards the air compressor 52, thus avoiding affecting the operation of the air compressor 52.

[0038] In the hydraulic lifting experiment of solid materials in deep water, a certain amount of solid material particles (ore) is first added to the storage bin 31, and clean water is added to the system through the box culvert. The water pump 51 is started to circulate the clean water. Then, the screw conveyor 32 of the feeding mechanism 30 is started to transport the solid material particles to the vertical lifting pipe 41. Then, the concentration of solid material particles in the pipe is calibrated by the calibration mechanism 20. After the concentration required for the experiment is reached, the test is started and the data is collected. Finally, after the test is completed, the screw conveyor 32 is turned off. After all the solid material particles are recovered into the storage bin 31, the water pump 51 is turned off.

[0039] During the test, clean water, pumped by water pump 51, flows along the main clean water pipe 53 to the jet feeding structure 70 and enters the main feeding pipe 71. The material particles in the storage bin 31 are conveyed by the screw conveyor 32 into the discharge pipe 72 of the jet feeding structure 70. After passing through the pressurized nozzle 711 in the main feeding pipe 71, the clean water forms a jet, mixes with the material particles flowing out from the discharge port 721, and then flows into the bottom inlet section 414 of the vertical lift pipe 41. Under the action of water pump 51, the particles rise along the vertical lift pipe 41 with the water flow and fall from the top outlet section 415 into the guide trolley 14. The guide trolley 14 guides the clean water and material particles into the circulation bin 12. Some clean water flows into the clean water chamber 11 through the mesh on the wall of the circulating chamber 12, and then returns to the main clean water pipe 53 through the first clean water return pipe 61 at the bottom of the clean water chamber 11. The solid material particles mixed with clean water in the circulating chamber 12 return to the storage chamber 31 through the first return pipe 62. Some clean water returns to the main clean water pipe 53 through the second clean water return pipe 64 on the side of the storage chamber 31, and so on. When calibration is required, the guide trolley 14 guides the clean water and material particles flowing out of the vertical lift pipe 41 into the distribution chamber 13, and then enters the calibration box 21 through the bottom of the distribution chamber 13. It then returns to the storage chamber 31 through the second return pipe 63 at the bottom of the calibration box 21, and then the clean water and granular material continue to circulate.

[0040] In the pneumatic lifting experiment of solid materials in deep water, a certain amount of solid material particles (ore) are first added to the storage bin 31, and clean water is added to the system through a box culvert. Then, the air compressor 52 is started, and air is added according to the specified air volume or flow rate index. Next, the screw conveyor 32 of the feeding mechanism 30 is started to convey solid material particles to the vertical lifting pipe 41. Then, the concentration of solid material particles in the pipeline is calibrated by the calibration mechanism 20. After the concentration required for the experiment is reached, the test is started and data is collected. Finally, after the test is completed, the screw conveyor 32 is turned off, and after all the solid material particles are recovered into the storage bin 31, the air compressor 52 is turned off.

[0041] During testing, the material particles in storage silo 31 are conveyed by screw conveyor 32 into the discharge pipe 72 of jet feeding structure 70. After entering the main feeding pipe 71 from discharge port 721, they flow into the bottom inlet section 414 of vertical lift pipe 41. Compressed gas generated by air compressor 52 enters vertical lift pipe 41 from air tank 55 through air delivery pipe 54, mixes with clean water and material particles, and then the material particles rise along vertical lift pipe 41 under the influence of rising gas, falling into guide trolley 14 from top outlet section 415. Guide trolley 14 guides the material particles into circulation chamber 12. The material particles in circulation chamber 12 return to storage silo 31 through first return pipe 62, and so on. When calibration is required, guide trolley 14 guides the material particles flowing out of vertical lift pipe 41 into distribution chamber 13, then into calibration box 21 through the bottom of distribution chamber 13, and return to storage silo 31 through second return pipe 63 at the bottom of calibration box 21, and then continues the cycle.

[0042] In the hybrid power lifting experiment of deep-water solid materials, a fixed amount of solid material particles (ore) is first added to the storage bin 31. Then, clean water is added to the system through a box culvert. Simultaneously or sequentially, the water pump 51 and air compressor 52 are started to add air to the clean water according to the specified air addition amount or flow rate index. Next, the screw conveyor 32 of the feeding mechanism 30 is started to transport solid material particles to the vertical lifting pipe 41. Then, the concentration of solid material particles in the pipe is calibrated by the calibration mechanism 20. After the concentration required for the experiment is reached, the test is started and data is collected. During the test, the material particles in the vertical lifting pipe 41 rise along the pipe simultaneously under the drive of water flow and gas, and circulate in the system through hybrid power. Finally, after the test is completed, the screw conveyor 32 is turned off. After all the solid material particles are recovered to the storage bin 31, the water pump 51 and air compressor 52 are turned off.

[0043] After the experiment is completed, statistical calculation and analysis of key data collected by various instruments during the experiment, such as pump inlet and outlet pressure, pump power, concentration and distribution of coarse particles transported in the pipeline, trajectory and velocity of coarse particles, liquid flow rate, gas injection rate, and pipeline vibration, can provide a strong basis for the formulation and improvement of deep-water solid material lifting schemes in actual engineering.

[0044] The above embodiments are optional examples of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A deep-water solid material lifting experimental system, comprising a material distribution mechanism, a calibration mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and a power mechanism, wherein: The material distribution mechanism includes a clean water bin, a circulation bin and a material distribution bin arranged side-by-side within the clean water bin, and a guide trolley for switching the flow direction between the circulation bin and the material distribution bin; the calibration mechanism includes a calibration box, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the material distribution bin; the feeding mechanism includes a storage bin and a screw conveyor connected to the outlet of the storage bin, the inlet of which is connected to the circulation bin and the calibration box respectively; the lifting mechanism includes multiple vertical lifting pipes of different diameters, each vertical lifting pipe including multiple combined pipe segments, each combined pipe segment including a support segment, a measuring segment and an observation segment arranged in sequence; the power mechanism includes a water pump and an air compressor, the water pump inlet being connected to the clean water bin, the storage bin and a water source, the outlet of the screw conveyor and the outlet of the water pump being detachably connected to the bottom inlet of one of the vertical lifting pipes, the vertical lifting pipe having several air filling ports on its side, and the air compressor outlet being detachably connected to one air filling port; the top outlet of the vertical lifting pipe is located inside the guide trolley.

2. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 1, wherein, The clear water tank has a square box structure, and the circulation tank and the distribution tank both have a funnel-shaped structure. The guide trolley includes a trolley body, a guide rail, and a drive component. The trolley body is also funnel-shaped. The bottom of the trolley body is movably connected to the top of the circulation tank and the distribution tank through the guide rail. The drive component is used to drive the trolley body to move along the guide rail, so that the bottom outlet of the trolley body moves above the top inlet of the circulation tank or the distribution tank.

3. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 1, wherein, The circulating chamber has a mesh flow area on its side wall, and the mesh diameter of the mesh flow area is smaller than the diameter of the solid material particles.

4. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 1, wherein, The bottom of the clean water tank is connected to a first clean water return pipe; the side of the storage tank is also connected to a second clean water return pipe; the power mechanism includes a main clean water pipe connected to a water source, and the ends of the first and second clean water return pipes are connected to the main clean water pipe; the water pump is installed on the main clean water pipe and is used to pump clean water into the vertical lift pipe.

5. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 4, wherein, The vertical lifting pipe also includes a bottom inlet section and a top outlet section located at both ends; a jet feeding structure is connected between the outlet of the main water pipe, the outlet of the screw conveyor, and the bottom inlet section of the vertical lifting pipe. The jet feeding structure includes a main feeding pipe and a discharge pipe connected above the main feeding pipe. The inlet of the main feeding pipe is connected to the outlet of the main water pipe through a flange, and the outlet of the main feeding pipe is connected to the bottom inlet section of the vertical lifting pipe of a selected diameter through a flange; the upper end of the discharge pipe is inclined towards the inlet of the main feeding pipe and is connected to the outlet of the screw conveyor through a flange; the lower end of the discharge pipe is connected to the main feeding pipe, and a discharge port is formed at the intersection with the main feeding pipe; a pressure nozzle is provided inside the main feeding pipe. The pressure nozzle is an annular stepped structure connected to the inner wall of the main feeding pipe and is located next to the discharge port near the inlet of the main feeding pipe.

6. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 5, wherein, The feed pipe and the main feed pipe form an angle greater than 60°; the area of ​​the feed port is 1.5 to 2.5 times the axial section of the main feed pipe; the inner diameter of the pressure nozzle is 1 / 2 of the inner diameter of the main feed pipe.

7. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 1, wherein, In the combined pipe section, the support section is a steel pipe, accounting for 3 / 10 of the total length of the combined pipe section; the measuring section is an engineering plastic pipe, accounting for 1 / 10 of the total length of the combined pipe section; the observation section is a transparent organic glass tube with a square outer shape and a round inner shape, accounting for 6 / 10 of the total length of the combined pipe section; the pipe diameter of each section in the same vertical lift pipe is the same; each of the support sections is provided with a pressure tapping hole, and a pressure sensor is installed at the pressure tapping hole; a pipe cross-section concentration meter is installed on the measuring section.

8. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 1, wherein, The power mechanism also includes an air storage tank connected to the outlet of the air compressor. An air supply pipeline is connected between the air storage tank and the vertical lift pipe. The air supply pipeline has an inverted U-shaped section. The air supply pipeline is also equipped with a one-way valve, a gas mass flow meter, and a pressure regulating valve.

9. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 1, wherein, The calibration box is equipped with a weighing sensor at the bottom and a liquid level sensor at the top.

10. The deep-water solid material lifting experimental system according to claim 1, wherein, The water pump is equipped with a vacuum gauge at the inlet, a pressure sensor at the outlet, and a shaft power meter on the pump shaft.

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