Method executable by device, and device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method executable by a device, and a device. The method executable by the device comprises: receiving an R2D transmission; and determining one or more parameters of a D2R time-frequency resource allocated to the device in the R2D transmission, comprising determining, as formula (I), an index of a value of a small frequency shift factor associated with the D2R time-frequency resource in a predefined set consisting of N0 SFS small frequency shift factor values, ix being an index of Nkx DF,R time-frequency resources allocated on time resources corresponding to the D2R time-frequency resource; and transmitting a D2R transmission on the allocated D2R resource.

Description

Methods performed by the device and the device Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus performed by a device in a wireless communication system. Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication systems, different communication nodes (or simply nodes) can exchange information (such as voice or data). Examples of communication nodes can include terminal nodes and network nodes. A terminal node can refer to a mobile terminal, wireless terminal, terminal device, mobile device, mobile station (MS), user equipment (UE), or simply a device. A network node can include a base station, etc.

[0003] Examples of wireless communication systems can include systems standardized by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), such as 4G systems or their evolutions based on LTE (Long-Term Evolution) radio access technology (e.g., the corresponding base station could be an eNB), and 5G systems or their evolutions based on NR (New Radio) radio access technology (e.g., the corresponding base station could be a gNB). In recent years, wireless communication technologies, including LTE and NR, have been widely used not only for communication between people (or between devices operated or controlled by people) but also for "machine-type communications" (MTC), which provides network access services to "things" and / or "machines," and, for example, to form an "Internet of Things" (IoT).

[0004] Wireless communication systems require continuous improvement in one or more aspects, such as improvements in reliability, capacity, transmission rate, latency, interference immunity, efficiency (e.g., transmission efficiency, signaling efficiency, and energy efficiency), coverage, cost-effectiveness, and interoperability. Specifically, for example, one or more of the aspects may at least partially include some or all of the following: operation on licensed spectrum, operation on unlicensed spectrum, operation on paired spectrum, operation on unpaired spectrum, operation with shared spectrum channel access, operation without shared spectrum channel access, initial access, multiple access, random access, channel coding, line coding, physical layer channel and signal generation, transmission and reception, transmission and reception based on unicast, multicast, multicast and broadcast, physical layer control information and signaling flow (e.g., including synchronization flow, scheduling mechanism and feedback mechanism), frame structure, timing adjustment, timing relationship, transmission power control, signal measurement, higher-level control information and signaling flow, resource allocation and management, multi-carrier operation (e.g., including carrier aggregation). Aggregation and dual connectivity, multi-antenna transmission and reception, beam-based operation, priority-based operation, multi-point cooperation, relaying operation, mobility management, and in-device coexistence.

[0005] Prior art literature

[0006] Non-patent literature

[0007] Non-Patent Document 1: RP-170379, Revision of SI: Study on New Radio Access Technology, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #75

[0008] Non-Patent Document 2: RP-191971, Revised WID: NewRadio Access Technology, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #85

[0009] Non-patent document 3: RP-240826, Revised SID: Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting#103 Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address at least some of the aforementioned problems, this disclosure provides a method and apparatus performed by a device that can at least partially improve the efficiency of a wireless communication system.

[0011] According to this disclosure, a method performed by a device is proposed, characterized by comprising: receiving an R2D transmission; and determining one or more parameters of a D2R time-frequency resource allocated to the device in the R2D transmission, including setting the value of a small frequency shift factor associated with the D2R time-frequency resource within a predefined range. The index in the set of small frequency shift factor values ​​is determined as follows: Among them, i x For the time resources allocated on the time resources corresponding to the D2R time-frequency resources An index in a D2R time-frequency resource; and, sending a D2R transmission on the allocated D2R resource.

[0012] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, an apparatus is proposed, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, perform the methods described above. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The above and other features of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0014] Figure 1 shows a flowchart corresponding to a method performed by a device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the device involved in this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the present disclosure should not be limited to the specific embodiments described below. Furthermore, for the sake of simplicity, detailed descriptions of well-known technologies not directly related to the present disclosure have been omitted to prevent confusion in understanding the present disclosure.

[0017] The following describes several implementations of this disclosure using the 3GPP 5G wireless communication system specification and its subsequent evolutions (e.g., 5G Advanced) as an example application environment. However, it should be noted that this disclosure is not limited to the following implementations, but is applicable to many other wireless communication systems, such as wireless communication systems after 5G, and 4G mobile communication systems before 5G such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro.

[0018] The terminology given in this disclosure may be used in different wireless communication systems, but a unified terminology is used in this disclosure. When applied to a specific system, it can be replaced with the terminology used in the corresponding system.

[0019] In this disclosure, "network node" may refer to a base station, or a core network node (e.g., 5G Core Network; or Evolved Packet Core), or other types of network nodes, wherein the core network node may include at least part of some or all of the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), UPF (User Plane Function), MME (Mobility Management Entity), S-GW (Serving Gateway), and AIoTF (A-IoT Function).

[0020] In this disclosure, "base station" can refer to a base station of any communication system, such as a base station containing a 3G communication system (e.g., Node B), a base station containing a 4G communication system (e.g., eNB), and a base station containing a 5G communication system (e.g., gNB).

[0021] In this disclosure, "base station" can refer to any form of base station, such as a femto base station, a pico base station, a micro base station, a macro base station, etc.

[0022] In this disclosure, "end node" may refer to a device.

[0023] In this disclosure, "device" may refer to a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a terminal device, a mobile device, a mobile station (MS), or user equipment (UE).

[0024] It should be noted that in this disclosure, the two connected by "and", "or", or "and / or" may represent different ways of expressing the same meaning in different application scenarios, and there may be a relationship of inclusion between the two, which do not necessarily refer to completely different content.

[0025] Unless otherwise stated in this disclosure:

[0026] ● Any two of “predefined”, “predetermined”, and “preset” can be interchanged.

[0027] ● “Number” and “index” are interchangeable. For example, the number of an RB (resource block) can be called the index of that RB, and vice versa; also, “numbering an RB as 0” can be expressed as “indexing an RB as 0”.

[0028] ● Elements in a set (or array, list, sequence, etc.) can be assigned indices 0, 1, 2, ..., or 1, 2, 3, ..., in the order they appear. For example, the set {t0, t1, ..., t2}... N-1 The elements t0, t1, ..., t in} N-1 These can correspond to indices 0, 1, ..., and N-1, respectively.

[0029] ● An element in a set (or array, list, sequence, etc.) can be represented by its index (e.g., the subscript of the element corresponding to it in the set, array, list, or sequence, etc.). For example, a RE (Resource Element) with index 0 can be called "RE 0".

[0030] ● The index corresponding to an object (e.g., a subcarrier, a time slot, a cyclic shift, etc.) (e.g., the index of the object in a set, an array, a list, or a sequence) can be used as the "identifier" (ID) of the object.

[0031] ● If no quantity is specified when referring to an object, the quantity of the object may be one or more. For example, in "transmit uplink transmission(s) on a channel", the "transmission(s)" may correspond to one transmission or multiple transmissions.

[0032] ● The elements in a time series (or set, array, or list) can appear in chronological order. For example, in a time slot set {t0, t1, ..., t...}, the elements can appear sequentially. N-1 In the context of time slot t0, the time corresponding to time slot t0 is earlier than (or no later than) the time corresponding to time slot t1, the time corresponding to time slot t1 is earlier than (or no later than) the time corresponding to time slot t2, and so on.

[0033] ● "Subcarrier" can refer to a subcarrier in a waveform based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).

[0034] ● Δf can be used to represent the subcarrier spacing (SCS) of a carrier or a BWP (Bandwidth Part), where the unit of Δf can be kHz. For example, Δf = 15 kHz; Δf = 30 kHz; Δf = 60 kHz; Δf = 120 kHz.

[0035] ●μ can be used to represent the SCS configuration corresponding to an SCS.

[0036] For example, μ = 0 can correspond to Δf = 15 kHz, and vice versa; similarly, μ = 1 can correspond to Δf = 30 kHz, and vice versa; similarly, μ = 2 can correspond to Δf = 60 kHz, and vice versa; similarly, μ = 3 can correspond to Δf = 120 kHz, and vice versa. In some respects, Δf can be equal to 15.2. μ kHz.

[0037] ●Constant T c It can be defined as: T c =1 / (Δf) max·N f ), where Δf max =480·10 3 Hz, N f =4096.

[0038] ●The constant K can be defined as: K = T s / T c =64, where T s =1 / (Δf) ref ·N f，ref ), Δf ref =15·10 3 Hz, N f，ref =2048.

[0039] ● This can be used to represent the length of the "useful symbol time" of an OFDM symbol configured with SCS as μ, i.e., excluding the cyclic prefix (CP). In some aspects, the... The unit can be seconds, for example, the... It can be equal to seconds, wherein, the It can be equal to 2048·K·2 -μ For example, the aforementioned It can be equal to seconds; for example, the aforementioned It can be equal to Seconds. In some respects, the stated The unit can be T c Accordingly, for example, in this case, the stated It can be equal to the stated

[0040] ● This can be used to represent the total duration (i.e., including CP) of a specific OFDM symbol with SCS configured as μ. In some aspects, the... The unit can be seconds, for example, the... It can be equal to seconds, wherein, the It can be equal to the duration of the CP of the OFDM symbol. In some aspects, the... The unit can be T c Accordingly, for example, in this case, the stated It can be equal to In some respects, the stated The value can be determined at least in part based on the index of the corresponding OFDM symbol.

[0041] ● This can be used to represent the average OFDM symbol duration when the SCS is configured as μ. For example, the... It can be equal to Second.

[0042] ● "mod" can refer to the modulo operation, for example, it can be defined as r ≡ a mod N, where,

[0043] ■r is the remainder.

[0044] ■a=N×q+r, where, q can be called the integer quotient of a and N.

[0045] ■0≤r<|N|.

[0046] ● "round" can refer to the rounding operation. For example, it can be defined as b = round(a), where b can be the integer closest to a. In some respects, if there are two integers closest to a, then b can be defined as the larger of the two integers. In other respects, if there are two integers closest to a, then b can be defined as the smaller of the two integers.

[0047] In some respects, a bit string of size (or "length") L bits (e.g., denoted as 'b0b1...b') L-1 In the given diagram, the leftmost bit (b0) corresponds to the most significant bit (MSB), and correspondingly, the rightmost bit (b... L-1 This can correspond to the least significant bit (LSB). In some aspects, in the bit string 'b0b1...b L-1 In this context, the leftmost bit (b0) corresponds to the least significant bit, and correspondingly, the rightmost bit (b...) corresponds to the least significant bit. L-1 () can correspond to the most significant bit.

[0048] In some respects, an "operating band" can refer to an operating band with a duplex mode of FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), or an operating band with a duplex mode of TDD (Time Division Duplex), or an operating band defined in other ways.

[0049] In some respects, the uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) operating frequency band within an FDD operating frequency band can be referred to as an FDD operating sub-band. Specifically, for example, the FDD uplink operating frequency band can be referred to as a UL operating sub-band, and the FDD downlink operating frequency band can be referred to as a DL operating sub-band.

[0050] In some respects, "Layer 1" and "physical layer" are interchangeable.

[0051] In some respects, "Layer 2" may contain zero or one or more sublayers, such as part or all of the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, RLC (Radio Link Control) layer, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer, SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) layer, and RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer.

[0052] In some respects, "higher layer(s)" can refer to one or more protocol layers or sublayers above a reference protocol layer or sublayer within a specific protocol stack (e.g., access stratum protocol stack). For example, if the reference protocol layer or sublayer is a physical layer, then "higher layer" can at least partially include some or all of the MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, SDAP layer, RRC layer, PC5-RRC layer, PC5-S layer, and NAS (Non-Access-Stratum) layer. In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the reference protocol layer or sublayer of a "higher layer" can be a physical layer. Where there is no risk of confusion, "higher layer" can also be referred to as "higher layer".

[0053] In some respects, "higher-layer data" can be data or signaling defined in higher-layer protocols, because from the perspective of the corresponding reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer, data or signaling defined in higher-layer protocols all belong to "data".

[0054] In some respects, "lower layer(s)" can refer to one or more protocol layers or sublayers below a reference protocol layer or sublayer within a specific protocol stack. For example, if the reference protocol layer or sublayer is an RRC layer, then "lower layer" can include part or all of the MAC layer and the physical layer; similarly, if the reference protocol layer or sublayer is a MAC layer, then "lower layer" can refer to the physical layer. In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the reference protocol layer or sublayer of a "lower layer" can be the MAC layer. Where there is no risk of confusion, "lower layer" can also be referred to as "lower layer".

[0055] In some respects, "signaling" can refer to physical layer control information, such as DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information), and SCI (Sidelink Control Information).

[0056] In some respects, "signaling" can refer to higher-level control information, such as MAC CE (Control Element).

[0057] In some respects, a "parameter" can refer to a parameter of a physical layer.

[0058] In some respects, a "parameter" can refer to a higher-level parameter.

[0059] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, "parameter" may refer to a higher-level parameter.

[0060] In some respects, a "parameter" can refer to a predefined parameter. For example, the number of subcarriers in each RB. It can be a predefined constant, for example

[0061] In some respects, a "parameter" can refer to a "configured" parameter. For example, a parameter that satisfies one or more of the following conditions can be called a "configured" parameter:

[0062] ● The configuration information corresponding to the parameter (e.g., including the value of the parameter) can be provided by one protocol layer (e.g., RRC layer) in a communication node (e.g., a device) to another protocol layer (e.g., physical layer) in the same communication node.

[0063] ● The configuration information corresponding to the parameter (e.g., the value of the parameter) can be provided by a protocol layer (e.g., RRC layer) of a communication node (e.g., a base station) to the peer protocol layer of one or more other communication nodes (e.g., one or more devices).

[0064] ● The configuration information corresponding to the parameter (e.g., the value of the parameter) can be "pre-configured" in a specific storage location in a communication node (e.g., a device) or in another storage location that the communication node can access.

[0065] In some contexts, "configuration" can be replaced with "configuration or pre-configuration". For example, a configuration parameter can refer to a configuration or pre-configuration parameter. Similarly, configuration information can refer to configuration or pre-configuration information.

[0066] In some respects, parameters(s) used to identify (or characterize) a resource may include at least some or all of the following: one or more time-domain parameters, one or more frequency-domain parameters, one or more code-domain parameters, and one or more spatial-domain parameters.

[0067] In some respects, "time resources" and "time-domain resources" are interchangeable. In some respects, "frequency resources" and "frequency-domain resources" are interchangeable. In some respects, "time-frequency resources" and "time-domain-frequency-domain resources" are interchangeable.

[0068] In some respects, the start time of an OFDM symbol can refer to the start time of the CP of the OFDM symbol.

[0069] In some respects, the start time of an OFDM symbol can refer to the start time of the useful symbol time of the OFDM symbol.

[0070] In some respects, "carrier frequency" can refer to the radio frequency (RF) reference frequency.

[0071] In some respects, "carrier frequency" can be used to identify the location of a radio frequency (RF) channel.

[0072] In some respects, the “carrier frequency” can be identified by an ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number), for example, the ARFCN can be an NR-ARFCN or an EARFCN (E-UTRAARFCN).

[0073] In some respects, where there is no risk of confusion, “carrier frequency” can be simply referred to as “frequency”.

[0074] In some respects, a cell with a radio frequency reference frequency f0 as its carrier frequency (e.g., a downlink carrier frequency) can be referred to as a "cell on said radio frequency reference frequency f0".

[0075] In some respects, a “transmission” can correspond to a transmission on a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), a PRACH (Physical Random-Access Channel), a PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel), a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), a PSFCH (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel), a PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), or any other physical channel.

[0076] In some respects, a "transmission" can correspond to the transmission of a physical signal. For example, the physical signal can be a PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), or a SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), or a CSI-RS (Channel-State Information Reference Signal), or a DM-RS (Demodulation Reference Signal), or a PT-RS (Phase-tracking Reference Signal), or an SRS (Sounding Reference Signal), or a RIM-RS (Remote Interference Management Reference Signal), or an S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), or an S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal), or an SL PRS (Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal), or any other physical signal.

[0077] In some respects, a “transmission” can correspond to the transmission of zero or more physical channels and zero or more physical signals multiplexed in the same resource. For example, an “SS / PBCH block” (or an “SSB”, or an “SS block”) can consist of a PSS, an SSS, and a PBCH multiplexed in the same time slot.

[0078] In some respects, a DCI carried in a downlink transmission (e.g., PDCCH) that corresponds to a specific DCI format (e.g., denoted as DCI format X) can be referred to as "a DCI format X". For example, a DCI carried in a PDCCH that corresponds to DCI format 0_0 can be referred to as "a DCI format 0_0".

[0079] In Release 12 (or Rel-12), 3GPP specifications introduced a new UE category, "Category 0," for "Low Complexity UEs" to provide low-cost devices for MTC (Multi-Channel Computing). Compared to UE categories introduced before Rel-12, Category 0 UEs have simplified transmission and reception capabilities. For example, the transport block size (TBS) for user data transmission in Category 0 UEs is limited to no more than 1000 bits; also, the half-duplex FDD operation type B supported by Category 0 UEs has a longer "guard period" than the previous half-duplex FDD operation type A.

[0080] Starting with Rel-13, 3GPP specifications began supporting eMTC (enhanced MTC, also known as "LTE-MTC" or "LTE-M") to further reduce the cost of MTC devices and support wider coverage (e.g., this can manifest as higher coupling loss). The "Category M1" UE introduced in Rel-13 is a type of "BLUE" (bandwidth-reduced low-complexity UE) that only supports 6 PRBs of channel bandwidth in both uplink and downlink. Subsequent 3GPP specifications introduced an enhanced UE category for BL UEs, "Category M2," to support larger PDSCH / PUSCH channel bandwidths. BL UEs have their own SIB1 (System Information Block 1), which differs from non-BL UEs.

[0081] 3GPP Rel-13 also supports "UEs in Enhanced Coverage" (or "UEs in Coverage Enhancement," or simply "UEs in CE"), which requires enhanced coverage functionality to access a cell. To this end, Rel-13 introduces two enhanced coverage modes: CE mode A and CE mode B. For BL UEs, support for CE mode A is mandatory. Within a cell supporting enhanced coverage functionality, different CE levels can correspond to different configurations (e.g., PRACH resource configuration) and / or operations.

[0082] 3GPP Rel-13 also introduced NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things), which allows network services to be provided via E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) with a channel bandwidth of 200kHz. NB-IoT uses a physical layer optimized for very low power consumption to provide access to network services; for example, this includes using a full carrier bandwidth of 180kHz, subcarrier spacing of 3.75kHz or 15kHz, and so on. In an NB-IoT carrier, subcarrier spacing of 3.75kHz and 15kHz can correspond to transmission bandwidth configurations of 48 subcarriers and 12 subcarriers, respectively.

[0083] NB-IoT removes many features from E-UTRA that are not relevant to the design goals of NB-IoT, such as inter-RAT mobility, handover, relaying, carrier aggregation, dual connectivity, side-to-side communication, and side-to-side discovery, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of the UE.

[0084] NB-IoT supports stand-alone operation, guard band operation, and in-band operation. In stand-alone operation, NB-IoT uses its own spectrum, such as the spectrum corresponding to one or more GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) carriers. In guard band operation, NB-IoT can use unused resource blocks (RB(s)) within the guard band of an E-UTRA carrier. In in-band operation, NB-IoT can use resource blocks (RB(s)) within a normal E-UTRA carrier.

[0085] NB-IoT supports two UE categories: Category NB1 and Category NB2. UEs supporting the latter must also support the former. Category NB2 supports larger maximum uplink TBS, maximum downlink TBS, and Layer 2 buffer size than Category NB1.

[0086] Both eMTC and NB-IoT can be considered as LPWA (low power, wide area) technologies, and their devices are characterized by low cost, long battery life, ubiquitous coverage, and high system capacity.

[0087] In recent years, automation and digitalization across various industries have opened up many new markets, creating a pressing need for new IoT technologies to support devices with lower complexity and / or power consumption (e.g., one or more orders of magnitude lower than existing 3GPP LPWA technologies such as eMTC and / or NB-IoT). This could include devices with very limited energy storage capacity and no rechargeable or manually replaceable batteries. Additionally, new IoT technologies need to support higher connection counts and / or device densities (e.g., one or more orders of magnitude higher than existing 3GPP LPWA technologies such as eMTC and / or NB-IoT). To this end, 3GPP launched a study item in Rel-19 called "Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR" to evaluate the feasibility of new IoT technologies (including corresponding wireless access technologies) known as "Ambient Power-enabled IoT" (or simply A-IoT).

[0088] In some aspects, A-IoT can support one or more deployment scenarios, such as some or all of "standalone deployment," "guard-band deployment," and "in-band deployment." For example, in standalone deployment, A-IoT can use its own spectrum (e.g., spectrum that does not overlap with the spectrum occupied by any NR or LTE carrier); in guard-band deployment, A-IoT can use unused resource blocks (RB(s)) in the guard band of an NR (or LTE) carrier; and in in-band deployment, A-IoT can use resource blocks (RB(s)) in an NR carrier. In some aspects, each deployment scenario can correspond to an A-IoT "operation mode," or, where there is no risk of confusion, simply "operation" or "mode," for example, "standalone deployment" corresponds to "standalone operation mode," "guard-band deployment" corresponds to "guard-band operation mode," and "in-band deployment" corresponds to "in-band operation mode." In some respects, for an A-IoT system, "deployment scenario" can be equated with "operation mode," and vice versa.

[0089] In some aspects, the deployment scenarios of an A-IoT system (e.g., denoted as...) It can be determined, at least in part, based on some or all of the following: predefined information, configuration information, and instruction information. For example, the... Each value can correspond to one of the following deployment scenarios, either partially or entirely: "Standalone deployment", "Protection band deployment", and "In-band deployment".

[0090] In some respects, an A-IoT system may include at least some or all of the following:

[0091] ● One or more devices. Here, “device” can also be called “A-IoT device”, “A-IoT UE”, “A-IoT terminal”, or “A-IoT transponder”.

[0092] ● One or more “readers” (or “interrogators”), wherein a reader may be a base station (e.g., a 5G base station), or an “intermediate node” that can communicate bidirectionally with the base station(s) (e.g., via the LTE Uu interface; or, as another example, via the NR Uu interface), or a communication node defined in other ways.

[0093] ● One or more “carrier wave nodes” (or “CW nodes”), where a CW node can be used to transmit CW (carrier wave, radio frequency carrier wave, RF carrier wave, RF CW). In some respects, a CW transmission can be considered as a transmission from one CW node to one or more devices, and correspondingly, it can be called a “CW2D” (cw-node-to-device) transmission.

[0094] ● One or more core network nodes, for example, may include at least some or all of the following: one or more “AIoTF” (A-IoT Function) that can communicate via NAS layer signaling and devices (or, readers), and one or more AMFs that can communicate via NAS layer signaling and readers (or, devices).

[0095] In some aspects, in an A-IoT system, the protocol stack for the radio interface between devices and readers may include at least part of the A-IoT physical layer and part or all of the A-IoT MAC layer. In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, "physical layer" may refer to the A-IoT physical layer, and "MAC layer" may refer to the A-IoT MAC layer.

[0096] In some respects, an A-IoT system can at least partially support one or more of the following business types:

[0097] ● "Inventory". For example, this can be used at least in part to discover and obtain device IDs.

[0098] ● "Command". For example, this can be used at least in part to send operation instructions to the device, such as commands like "read", "write", and "disable".

[0099] In some respects, at the Access Stratum (AS), information related to services (e.g., “inventory counting” services; or “command” services) can be transmitted on the A-IoT wireless interface as data from higher layers (e.g., one or more higher layers with the MAC layer as the reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer; or one or more higher layers with an access layer protocol layer above the MAC layer as the reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer).

[0100] In some respects, AS can also be referred to as "AS layer".

[0101] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, "device" refers to a device in an A-IoT system.

[0102] In some respects, a device can be attached to a tag (or label) on an item.

[0103] In some respects, a “device ID” can be used to identify (e.g., uniquely identify) a device. In some respects, a device ID can be an integer (e.g., a 24-bit integer; or a 32-bit integer; or a 48-bit integer; or a 64-bit integer; or a 96-bit integer; or a 128-bit integer), or it can be defined in other ways.

[0104] In some respects, a “device group ID” can be used to identify (e.g., uniquely identify) a device group, wherein the device group may correspond to (or be associated with; or be mapped to) one or more devices. In some respects, a device group ID may be an integer (e.g., a 24-bit integer; or a 32-bit integer; or a 48-bit integer; or a 64-bit integer; or a 96-bit integer; or a 128-bit integer), or may be defined in other ways.

[0105] In some respects, an ID that corresponds to (or is associated with; or maps to) all devices can be called a “broadcast ID”. In other respects, a broadcast ID can be a special device group ID (e.g., a broadcast ID can be a device group ID where every bit is 1; e.g., a broadcast ID can be a device group ID where every bit is 0).

[0106] In some respects, an intermediate node can be a UE that supports reader functionality (e.g., an LTE UE; or an NR UE). In other respects, an intermediate node can transfer data and / or signaling between base stations(s) and devices (e.g., via the NRUu interface; or, via the LTE Uu interface).

[0107] In some respects, an intermediate node can be called an "intermediate UE" (or simply IUE), or a "reader UE" (or "UE reader").

[0108] In some respects, an intermediate node can be a network-controlled communication node. For example, a network node (e.g., a base station) can control the A-IoT radio resources(s) used by the intermediate node.

[0109] In some respects, the CW waveform used for backscattering can be some or all of the following:

[0110] ●CW waveform 1: Single-tone unmodulated sinusoid, or simply a "single-tone" waveform.

[0111] ●CW waveform 2: A waveform consisting of two single tones (e.g., two unmodulated sine waves), or simply a “two-tone” waveform.

[0112] In some respects, a device can communicate bidirectionally directly with a reader(s) (e.g., via A-IoT radio access technology), where...

[0113] ●The bidirectional communication may include the transmission of data and / or signaling.

[0114] ●The bidirectional communication may include the reception of data and / or signaling.

[0115] A transmission from the device to a reader (e.g., referred to as "Reader A") can be called a D2R (device-to-reader) transmission, and the corresponding link can be called a "D2R link". In some respects, without the risk of confusion, a D2R link can be called an "uplink" (UL).

[0116] A transmission from a reader (e.g., referred to as "Reader B") to the device can be called an R2D (reader-to-device) transmission, and the corresponding link can be called an "R2D link". In some respects, without the risk of confusion, an R2D link can be called a "downlink" (DL).

[0117] ● In some respects, reader A and reader B may be two different readers.

[0118] ● In some respects, reader A and reader B may be the same reader.

[0119] In some respects, an “A-IoT transmission” can refer to a transmission sent by a node in an A-IoT system (such as a reader, a device, or a CW node), which may include at least some or all of the following: R2D transmission, D2R transmission, and CW transmission.

[0120] In some aspects, a device may support energy harvesting technology, for example, by capturing and converting energy from its surrounding environment (e.g., radio waves therein) for power generation and / or storage. In some aspects, the antenna for communication and the antenna for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting may be the same antenna or different antennas. In some aspects, a device supporting energy harvesting may be equipped with a rechargeable or manually replaceable battery, or may not be equipped with any such battery.

[0121] In some respects, a device can support backscattered transmission (also called backscattering transmission, or "backscattering-based transmission"), wherein, for example, the device can modulate its backscattered CW transmitted by a CW node in a certain way (e.g., by changing the impedance of its antenna according to the information to be transmitted) to achieve a D2R transmission. For the device, the CW can be considered as "externally provided" (rather than CW generated internally within the device).

[0122] Compared to backscatter-based transmission, transmission generated internally by a device can be called "internally-generated transmission" (or "self-generated transmission," or "transmission based on independent signal generation"). For example, in an internally-generated transmission, steps such as digital baseband signal generation, digital-to-analog conversion, filtering, mixing, analog RF signal generation and amplification, and outputting the signal to the antenna can all be performed internally by the device.

[0123] In some respects, “backscatter-based transmission” and “endogenous transmission” can be considered as two different “types” or “transmission schemes” of D2R transmission.

[0124] In some respects, devices in an A-IoT system can be categorized into multiple categories (or, "types").

[0125] For example, the characteristics of a "Type 1" device may include some or all of the following:

[0126] ● Ultra-low peak power consumption (e.g., around 1μW; or, for example, no more than 10μW).

[0127] ● It has energy storage.

[0128] ●The initial SFO (sampling frequency offset) can be as high as ppm (parts per million), where N SFO,1 It can be a fixed value (e.g., N) SFO,1 =4; for example, N SFO,1 =5), or it can vary within a certain range depending on certain conditions.

[0129] ● No signal amplification capability (e.g., neither R2D nor D2R signal amplification capability).

[0130] ●D2R transmission is based on backscattering.

[0131] In some respects, a Type 1 device may also be referred to as a "Category 1" device, or, where there is no risk of confusion, as a "Device 1".

[0132] For example, the characteristics of a "Type 2a" device may include some or all of the following:

[0133] ● Very low peak power consumption (e.g., no more than a few hundred μW; or around 100 μW; or no more than 1 mW; or no more than 10 mW).

[0134] ● It has energy storage.

[0135] ●Initial SFO Gundam ppm, of which N SFO,2A It can be a fixed value (e.g., N) SFO,2A =4; for example, N SFO,2A =5), or it can vary within a certain range depending on certain conditions.

[0136] ● Has signal amplification capability (e.g., partial or complete R2D and D2R signal amplification capability).

[0137] ●D2R transmission is based on backscattering.

[0138] In some respects, a type 2a device may also be referred to as a “Category 2a” device, or, where there is no risk of confusion, as a “Device 2a”.

[0139] For example, the characteristics of a "Type 2b" device may include some or all of the following:

[0140] ● Very low peak power consumption (e.g., no more than a few hundred μW; or around 100 μW; or no more than 1 mW; or no more than 10 mW).

[0141] ● It has energy storage.

[0142] ●Initial SFO Gundam ppm, of which N SFO，2B It can be a fixed value (e.g., N) SFO,2B =4; for example, N SFO,2B =5), or it can vary within a certain range depending on certain conditions.

[0143] ● Has signal amplification capability (e.g., partial or complete R2D and D2R signal amplification capability).

[0144] ●D2R transmission is an intrinsic transmission.

[0145] In some respects, a Type 2b device may also be referred to as a "Category 2b" device, or, where there is no risk of confusion, a "Device 2b".

[0146] In some respects, for an A-IoT system, the A-IoT carrier on which R2D transmission takes place (e.g., referred to as the "first A-IoT carrier"), and the corresponding carrier frequency, can be denoted as... The A-IoT carrier on which D2R transmission resides (e.g., referred to as the "second A-IoT carrier", the corresponding carrier frequency of which can be denoted as...) and D2R transmission are located (the carrier frequency of which can be denoted as...). The relationship can be determined by one of the following:

[0147] ● The "first A-IoT carrier" and the "second A-IoT carrier" can be the same carrier. For example, the "first A-IoT carrier" and the "second A-IoT carrier" can be based on the same carrier configuration information. In this case, it can be recorded as...

[0148] ● The "first A-IoT carrier" and the "second A-IoT carrier" can be two different carriers. For example, the "first A-IoT carrier" and the "second A-IoT carrier" can have some identical or completely different carrier configuration information, such as including...

[0149] In some respects, the stated and stated Some or all of them can be determined at least partially based on predefined information and / or configuration information.

[0150] In some respects, CW transmissions (if any) are carried on the “second A-IoT carrier”.

[0151] In some aspects, the "first A-IoT carrier" can be in an FDD operating sub-band (e.g., denoted as...). On the FDD operating sub-band (e.g., denoted as ), the "second A-IoT carrier" can be located in an FDD operating sub-band (e.g., denoted as ). On. In some respects, the above It can be equal to the stated Or, the aforementioned It may not be equal to the stated (For example, the and stated These can be two different FDD sub-bands within the same FDD operating frequency band.

[0152] In some respects, the stated and stated Some or all of them can be determined at least partially based on predefined information and / or configuration information.

[0153] In some respects, an "A-IoT resource" can refer to a resource that can be used for A-IoT transmission and / or reception (e.g., at least partially including some or all of the following: R2D transmission, R2D reception, D2R transmission, D2R reception, and CW transmission). For example, for a device, an A-IoT resource can be used at least partially for some or all of the following: R2D reception and D2R transmission. Similarly, for a reader, an A-IoT resource can be used at least partially for some or all of the following: R2D transmission, D2R reception, and CW transmission.

[0154] In some respects, an “R2D resource” can refer to a resource that can be used for R2D transmission and / or reception.

[0155] In some respects, a “D2R resource” can refer to a resource that can be used for D2R transmission and / or reception.

[0156] In some respects, a “CW resource” can refer to a resource that can be used for CW transmission.

[0157] In some respects, an A-IoT resource (or, R2D resource, or, D2R resource; or, CW resource) (e.g., denoted as res0) can be a time-domain resource, and accordingly, res0 can correspond to (or be associated with) one or more time-domain parameters, or res0 can be identified (or characterized) by the one or more time-domain parameters.

[0158] In some respects, an A-IoT resource (or, R2D resource, or, D2R resource; or, CW resource) (e.g., denoted as res0) can be a frequency domain resource, and accordingly, res0 can correspond to (or be associated with) one or more frequency domain parameters, or res0 can be identified (or characterized) by the one or more frequency domain parameters.

[0159] In some respects, an A-IoT resource (or, R2D resource, or, D2R resource; or, CW resource) (e.g., denoted as res0) can be a time-frequency resource, and accordingly, res0 can correspond to (or be associated with) one or more time-domain parameters and one or more frequency-domain parameters, or res0 can be identified (or characterized) by the one or more time-domain parameters and the one or more frequency-domain parameters.

[0160] In some aspects, in the time domain, an A-IoT transmission can occupy one or more "chips," which can be time-domain resources corresponding to the respective A-IoT resources. For example, an R2D transmission can occupy one or more "R2D chips" (e.g., one or more consecutive R2D chips). Similarly, a D2R transmission can occupy one or more "D2R chips" (e.g., one or more consecutive D2R chips).

[0161] In some respects, unless otherwise specified, "chip duration" (or "chip length") can refer to the duration of an R2D chip, or the duration of a D2R chip, or a "reference chip duration," wherein the "reference chip duration" can be equal to the duration of an R2D chip, or equal to the duration of a D2R chip, or may not be equal to any R2D chip duration or D2R chip duration (correspondingly, the "reference chip duration" may not correspond to any actually transmitted R2D chip or D2R chip). For example, the duration of an R2D chip can be equal to two reference chip durations (e.g., denoted as 2·D). CH,ref The duration of one D2R chip can be equal to the duration of six reference chips (e.g., denoted as 6·D). CH,ref ), wherein the D CH,ref It can represent a reference chip duration.

[0162] In some aspects, line coding can be applied in an A-IoT transmission (e.g., R2D transmission; or D2R transmission). For example, line coding can be applied to the output bit sequence after performing CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) attachment (e.g., referred to as the "first output bit sequence"); or to the output bit sequence generated after performing a repetition operation on the "first output bit sequence" as the input bit sequence; or to the output bit sequence after performing FEC (Forward Error Correction) (e.g., referred to as the "second output bit sequence"); or to the output bit sequence generated after performing a repetition operation on the "second output bit sequence" as the input bit sequence. Examples of line coding may include, at least in part, Manchester coding (e.g., mapping bit 0 to the chip sequence {1, 0}; or mapping bit 1 to the chip sequence {0, 1}).

[0163] In some aspects, an A-IoT transmission (e.g., an R2D transmission; or a D2R transmission) can use OOK (On-Off keying) modulation, whereby, for example, a chip "1" can correspond to a high-voltage amplitude envelope, and a chip "0" can correspond to a low-voltage amplitude envelope. In some aspects, in this case, a chip can be called an "OOK chip".

[0164] In some respects, an A-IoT transmission (e.g., an R2D transmission; or D2R transmission) can use BPSK (Binary phase-shift keying) modulation, whereby, for example, chip "1" (or, in this case, "+1") can correspond to a 0° phase envelope, and chip "0" (or, in this case, "-1") can correspond to a 180° phase envelope.

[0165] In some respects, a chip can correspond to a modulation symbol. For example, this can apply to OOK and BPSK.

[0166] In some aspects, an R2D transmission may at least partially include a physical channel (e.g., referred to as PRDCH, Physical Reader-to-Device Channel). In some aspects, the PRDCH may carry R2D control information, such as "Type 2 R2D control information," wherein the Type 2 R2D control information may at least partially include some or all of the following: physical layer R2D control information, and higher-layer (e.g., one or more higher layers with the physical layer as a reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer) R2D control information.

[0167] In some aspects, an R2D transport (e.g., a PRDCH in the R2D transport) can be used to carry a TB (transport block), the corresponding TBS (transport block size, TB size) of which can be represented as several bits, several bytes, or otherwise. In some aspects, each TB submitted to the physical layer can be a MACPDU (Protocol Data Unit) of the MAC layer, or otherwise defined.

[0168] In some respects, an R2D transmission may at least partially include (or be associated with) an R2D timing acquisition signal (R-TAS), wherein,

[0169] ● In some respects, in the time domain, the R-TAS may immediately precede the PRDCH contained in the R2D transmission.

[0170] ● In some respects, the R-TAS can be used at least in part for some or all of the following: timing acquisition, indicating the start of the PRDCH (e.g., at the start of the time domain), and indicating the start of the R2D transmission (e.g., at the start of the time domain).

[0171] ● In some respects, the R-TAS may carry R2D control information, for example, referred to as "Type 1 R2D control information".

[0172] ● In some respects, the R-TAS may include at least part of the following: a start-indicator part (SIP) and a clock-acquisition part (CAP).

[0173] ● In some respects, in the time domain, the SIP may immediately precede the CAP.

[0174] ● In some respects, the SIP can be used at least in part to indicate (or provide) the start of the R2D transmission (e.g., the start in the time domain), wherein the corresponding indication information can be part of the Type 1 R2D control information.

[0175] ● In some respects, the SIP can be used at least in part to indicate (or provide) the start of the PRDCH (e.g., the start in the time domain), wherein the corresponding indication information can be part of the Type 1 R2D control information.

[0176] ● In some respects, the CAP can be used at least in part to determine the R2D chip duration used by the PRDCH, wherein the corresponding indication information can be part of the Type 1 R2D control information.

[0177] ● In some respects, the R-TAS may be part of the R2D transmission.

[0178] ● In some respects, the R-TAS may not be part of the R2D transmission.

[0179] ● In some respects, the R-TAS may not be part of the PRDCH transmission.

[0180] ● In some respects, the R-TAS can be referred to as an "R2D preamble".

[0181] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “R2D control information” may refer to some or all of the following: Type 1 R2D control information and Type 2 R2D control information.

[0182] In some respects, where applicable, a device can be identified using an "Access Layer ID" (AS ID). For example, it can be used in an R2D transmission (e.g., denoted as...). An AS ID is assigned to a device in the R2D control information carried in the device ID, and the AS ID is used to identify the device in one or more subsequent R2D and / or D2R transmissions. In some aspects, the AS ID may be used for some or all of the following: D2R scheduling and R2D reception. In some aspects, the length of an AS ID (e.g., 16 bits; or 8 bits) is less than the length of a device ID (e.g., 48 bits; or 32 bits; or 24 bits).

[0183] In some respects, the R2D control information carried in an R2D transmission (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or type 2 R2D control information) may at least partially include "target (or destination) device information," for example, indicating devices(s) that need to respond to the R2D transmission, wherein each device that needs to respond to the R2D transmission may be referred to as a target device of the R2D transmission. For example, the target device information may at least partially include some or all of the following: one or more device IDs, one or more AS IDs, one or more device group IDs, and a broadcast ID. Specifically, for example, if a device (e.g., denoted as d0) successfully receives an R2D transmission, and the corresponding target device information satisfies one or more of the following, then device d0 may be a target device of the R2D transmission:

[0184] ● One of the one or more device IDs included in the target device information is the device ID of device d0.

[0185] ● One of the one or more AS IDs included in the target device information is the AS ID assigned to the device d0.

[0186] ● One of the one or more AS IDs included in the target device information is an AS ID assigned to the device d0 that has not expired.

[0187] ●One of the one or more device group IDs contained in the target device information corresponds to (or is associated with; or is mapped to) one or more devices including the device d0.

[0188] ●One of the one or more device group IDs contained in the target device information corresponds to (or is associated with; or is mapped to) one or more device IDs, including the device ID of device d0.

[0189] ●The target device information includes a "broadcast ID".

[0190] In some respects, the target device(s) of an R2D transmission can also be referred to as the target device(s) of the higher-layer (e.g., one or more layers above the physical layer) messages carried by the R2D transmission.

[0191] In some aspects, the waveform corresponding to an R2D transmission can be an OFDM-based waveform, and the corresponding SCS can be called a "first A-IoT SCS" (for example, the corresponding SCS configuration is denoted as...). Each OFDM symbol can correspond to M R2D chips, where,

[0192] ● In some respects, M can be an integer satisfying M≥1. For example, the values ​​that M can take can include at least part of or all of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 32.

[0193] ● In some respects, the M may be indicated at least in part based on the type 1 R2D control information carried in the R2D transmission (e.g., the R-TAS contained in (or associated with) the R2D transmission; or, for example, the CAP in the R-TAS).

[0194] ● In some respects, the “first A-IoT SCS” may at least partially include 15 kHz, accordingly,

[0195] ● In some aspects, the chip duration (e.g., denoted as cR) of the PRDCH used in the R2D transmission can be determined at least in part based on the M. For example, For example, For example,

[0196] In some respects, the number of R2D chips corresponding to an R2D transmission in the time domain can be an integer multiple of M.

[0197] In some respects, the number of R2D chips corresponding to an R2D transmission in the time domain may not be an integer multiple of M.

[0198] In some respects, the duration of an R2D transmission can be an integer number of OFDM symbols.

[0199] In some respects, the duration of an R2D transmission may include an integer number of OFDM symbols and less than M R2D chips in the next OFDM symbol immediately following the integer number of OFDM symbols.

[0200] In some respects, an R2D transmission in the time domain may begin at the start time of an OFDM symbol (e.g., the start time of the CP of the OFDM symbol; or, for example, the start time of the useful symbol time of the OFDM symbol, i.e., the start time of the OFDM symbol excluding the CP).

[0201] In some respects, an R2D transmission can occupy several consecutive R2D chips in the time domain. For example, an R2D transmission occupying 100·M R2D chips can correspond to all the R2D chips corresponding to 100 consecutive OFDM symbols. Similarly, for M=12, an R2D transmission occupying 100·M-6 R2D chips can correspond to all the R2D chips corresponding to 100 consecutive OFDM symbols, except for the last 6 R2D chips in the last OFDM symbol.

[0202] In some respects, if a "CP insertion" step is not performed when generating an OFDM baseband signal for an OFDM symbol, then the OFDM symbol can be called a "CP-free OFDM symbol." For example, in SCS configuration... The total duration of a "CP-free OFDM symbol" can be

[0203] In some respects, if a "CP insertion" step is performed when generating an OFDM baseband signal for an OFDM symbol, then the OFDM symbol can be called a "CP-inserted OFDM symbol". For example, in SCS configuration... The total duration of an OFDM symbol with CP can be

[0204] In some respects, the indication information carried in a "first R2D portion" included (or associated with) an R2D transmission may at least partially include a "CP insertion information" indication (e.g., denoted as...). ), where, for example, the This can be used, at least in part, to indicate whether a "second R2D portion" included (or associated with) the R2D transmission has applied CP insertion. For example, the A value (for example, denoted as) This can be used to indicate that the OFDM symbol(s) corresponding to the "second R2D part" is an "OFDM symbol with CP". For example, the... Another value (for example, denoted as) in, This can be used to indicate that the OFDM symbol(s) corresponding to the "second R2D part" is a "CP-free OFDM symbol". In some aspects, the... It could be a 1-bit indication, correspondingly, for example, For example, In some respects, the “first R2D portion” can be one of the following:

[0205] ● The R-TAS included (or associated with) the R2D transmission.

[0206] ●The SIP contained in (or associated with) the R2D transmission.

[0207] ● The CAP contained (or associated with) the R2D transmission.

[0208] ● A portion of the R-TAS included (or associated with) the R2D transmission that is different from SIP and CAP.

[0209] ● A portion of the PRDCH in the R2D transmission.

[0210] In some respects, the “second R2D portion” can be one of the following:

[0211] ●All other parts included or associated with the R2D transmission, except for the “first R2D portion”.

[0212] ● All other parts included or associated with the R2D transmission that immediately follow the “first R2D part”.

[0213] ● PRDCH in the R2D transmission.

[0214] ●All other parts of the PRDCH in the R2D transmission except for the “first R2D part”.

[0215] In some aspects, the information carried in an R-TAS (e.g., CAP in the R-TAS) included (or associated with) an R2D transmission can be referred to as "R2D timing acquisition information." For example, the R2D timing acquisition information can be used at least in part to indicate the value of M corresponding to the R2D transmission. In some aspects, for an R2D transmission, the R2D timing acquisition information may include part or all of the Type 1 R2D control information.

[0216] In some respects, the R2D control information carried in an R2D transmission (e.g., R2D timing acquisition information; or, for example, Type 1 R2D control information) may at least partially include an "OFDM symbol information" indication (e.g., denoted as...). ), where, for example, the Information that can be used to indicate the first OFDM symbol corresponding to the R2D transmission (or, the "first R2D portion" of the R2D transmission; or, the "second R2D portion" of the R2D transmission). For example, the A value (for example, denoted as) This can be used to indicate that the first OFDM symbol corresponding to the R2D transmission (or, the "first R2D portion" of the R2D transmission; or, the "second R2D portion" of the R2D transmission) is numbered 0 or 0 in the corresponding subframe. For example, the aforementioned Another value (for example, denoted as) in, This can be used to indicate that the number of the first OFDM symbol corresponding to the R2D transmission (or, the "first R2D portion" of the R2D transmission; or, the "second R2D portion" of the R2D transmission) in the corresponding subframe is neither 0 nor 1. In some respects, the stated It could be a 1-bit indication, correspondingly, for example, For example,

[0217] In some respects, an R2D transport can be used to trigger (or schedule) one or more D2R transports.

[0218] In some aspects, a D2R transmission may at least partially include a physical channel (e.g., referred to as a PDRCH, Physical Device-to-Reader Channel). In some aspects, the PDRCH may carry D2R control information, such as "Type 2 D2R control information," wherein the Type 2 D2R control information may at least partially include some or all of the following: physical layer D2R control information, and higher-layer (e.g., one or more higher layers with the physical layer as a reference protocol layer or reference protocol sublayer) D2R control information.

[0219] In some aspects, a D2R transmission (e.g., a PDRCH carried in the D2R transmission) can be used to carry a TB, the corresponding TBS can be represented as several bits, or several bytes, or in other ways. In some aspects, each TB submitted to the physical layer can be a MAC PDU of the MAC layer, or can be defined in other ways.

[0220] In some respects, a D2R transmission may at least partially include (or be associated with) a D2R timing acquisition signal (D-TAS), wherein,

[0221] ● In some respects, in the time domain, the D-TAS may immediately precede the PDRCH contained in the D2R transmission.

[0222] ● In some aspects, the D-TAS can be used at least in part for some or all of the following: timing acquisition, indicating the start of the PDRCH (e.g., at the start of the time domain), and indicating the start of the D2R transmission (e.g., at the start of the time domain).

[0223] ● In some respects, the D-TAS may carry D2R control information, for example, referred to as "Type 1 D2R control information".

[0224] ● In some respects, the D-TAS may be part of the D2R transmission.

[0225] ● In some respects, the D-TAS may not be part of the D2R transmission.

[0226] ● In some respects, the D-TAS may not be part of the PDRCH.

[0227] ● In some respects, the D-TAS can be referred to as a "D2R preamble".

[0228] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “D2R control information” may refer to some or all of the following: Type 1 D2R control information and Type 2 D2R control information.

[0229] In some respects, a small frequency shift (SFS) can be applied to a D2R transmission. For example, this can manifest as a small frequency shift (e.g., up to tens of kHz; or, for example, up to hundreds of kHz) of the center frequency of the transmission bandwidth of the D2R transmission relative to the carrier frequency (e.g., the corresponding center frequency of the CW transmitted by a CW node).

[0230] Specifically, for example, in a "Type 1 SFS scheme", each codeword after Manchester encoding can be processed within a "bit duration" (e.g., denoted as...). For example, the number of repetitions performed within a unit of seconds, milliseconds, or microseconds is R. mc Repeated operations (where, for example, R) mc It can be a condition that satisfies R mc Integers ≥ 1; in some respects, R mc=1 can indicate that no repetitive operation was performed), and correspondingly, the R mc It can be equal to Among them, c D This is the corresponding D2R chip duration. The resulting frequency shift (e.g., in Hz) can be equal to...

[0231] In some respects, the "SFS factor" can be defined as For example, for a type 1 SFS scheme, the SFS factor δ can be equal to the R. mc In some respects, different SFS factor values ​​can be used to identify different frequency shifts.

[0232] In some respects, the stated (For example, when measured in seconds) can be defined as Seconds, or can be defined as seconds, of which, The possible values ​​can include at least partially 1, 2, 4, and part or all of 8.

[0233] In some respects, it can be said that Each value is predefined or configured with an SFS factor value set, wherein each of the SFS factor value sets can be called a "Type 1 SFS factor value set".

[0234] In some aspects, multiple D2R transmissions can be multiplexed on the same time resource. For example, different frequency resources can be allocated to each of the multiple D2R transmissions to achieve FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access).

[0235] ● In some respects, each of the plurality of D2R transmissions may occupy part or all of the time resources. For example, due to SFO (sampling frequency offset) and / or other reasons, the actual start times of different D2R transmissions may not be perfectly aligned. Furthermore, the payloads carried by different D2R transmissions may be the same or different, and correspondingly, the durations of the different D2R transmissions may be the same or different.

[0236] ● In some aspects, FDMA can be achieved by applying different amounts of SFS (Signal Shift Function) to the multiple D2R transmissions. For example, each of the multiple D2R transmissions can be assigned a different element from the same set of Type 1 SFS factor values.

[0237] In some aspects, within an A-IoT system, one or more protocol layers (e.g., the MAC layer) can support segmentation. For example, a higher-level response message triggered by a higher-level message received by a device (e.g., which may contain a "read" command) can be divided into multiple segments. The higher-level layer, for example, can be a protocol layer with the MAC layer (or an access layer protocol layer above the MAC layer) as a reference protocol layer or a reference protocol sublayer. The segmentation operation can be performed at the MAC layer. Specifically, for example, if the higher-level response message is 2000 bits in size (e.g., sequentially numbered 0 to 1999), after being divided into three segments, bits 0 to 799 can be placed in the first segment (e.g., numbered 0), bits 800 to 1599 can be placed in the second segment (e.g., numbered 1), and bits 1600 to 1999 can be placed in the third segment (e.g., numbered 2). In some aspects, within the multiple segments...

[0238] ● In some respects, the size of the higher-level response message may refer to the size of the corresponding MAC SDU (Service Data Unit).

[0239] ● In some respects, each segment can be carried as a MAC PDU in a distinct D2R transmission.

[0240] ●In some respects, not dividing the case into segments can be considered equivalent to dividing it into a single segment.

[0241] ● In some respects, the D2R control information (e.g., physical layer D2R control information, MAC layer D2R control information, or D2R control information from other layers) included in the D2R transmission carrying each segment may at least partially contain a "segmentation information" indication to indicate some or all of the following:

[0242] ■ Does it have segments?

[0243] ■Is the current paragraph the last paragraph?

[0244] ■ Remaining data amount (e.g., expressed in bits, bytes, or other ways). For example, the "remaining data amount" can be used to indicate the remaining amount of data to be transmitted (e.g., the sum of the data amounts of all segments with numbers greater than the current segment). Specifically, for example, in the example above where the size of the higher-level response message is 2000 bits, in a D2R transmission carrying the first segment, the "remaining data amount" can indicate 1200 bits; in a D2R transmission carrying the second segment, the "remaining data amount" can indicate 400 bits; and in a D2R transmission carrying the third segment, the "remaining data amount" can indicate 0 bits (correspondingly, "0 bits" can be used to indicate that the current segment is the last segment).

[0245] ■ The number of remaining segments. For example, the "number of remaining segments" can be used to indicate the number of remaining segments to be transmitted (e.g., the number of all segments with numbers greater than the current segment); specifically, if the current segment is the last segment, the "number of remaining segments" can indicate "0 segments". Specifically, for example, in the example above where the higher-level response message is 2000 bits in size, in D2R transmissions carrying the first, second, and third segments respectively, the "number of remaining segments" indication can indicate 2 segments, 1 segment, and 0 segments respectively. In some aspects, if the actual number of remaining segments to be transmitted is greater than the maximum value that the "number of remaining segments" indication can indicate, then the "number of remaining segments" can indicate its maximum value. For example, for a length of... The bit "number of remaining segments" indicates whether the actual number of remaining segments to be transmitted is greater than or equal to [the number of segments to be transmitted]. Then you can indicate One segment, or otherwise, it can indicate the actual number of segments remaining to be transmitted. Specifically, for example, for When the higher-level response message is divided into 5 segments, in D2R transmissions carrying the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth segments respectively, the "number of remaining segments" indication can indicate 3 segments (although the corresponding actual number of remaining segments to be transmitted is 4), 3 segments, 2 segments, 1 segment, and 0 segments respectively. In some aspects, the actual number of remaining segments to be transmitted can be determined only once (e.g., once before transmitting the first segment), or it can be determined multiple times (e.g., re-determined before transmitting each segment; or, for example, re-determined when the D2R resources allocated for the segment to be transmitted are different from the size of the D2R resources allocated for the previous transmitted segment); correspondingly, the size of a segment to be transmitted can be the same as or different from the size of the previous transmitted segment. For example, in the example above where the size of the higher-level response message is 2000 bits, in some aspects, the higher-level response message can be divided into three segments of sizes 800 bits, 800 bits, and 400 bits, respectively, based on the D2R resources allocated for the first D2R transmission carrying the higher-level response message. Accordingly, in the D2R transmission, the "number of remaining segments" indicator can indicate two segments. In some aspects, the remaining data in the higher-level response message (e.g., correspondingly 2000 bits in size) can be determined based on the D2R resources allocated for the second D2R transmission carrying the higher-level response message (e.g., when the D2R resources are less than the previous D2R resources). The remaining data (e.g., 1200-500=700 bits) in the higher-layer response message can be divided into three segments of 500 bits, 500 bits, and 200 bits respectively. Accordingly, in the D2R transmission, the "number of remaining segments" indicator can indicate 2 segments. In some aspects, the remaining data (e.g., the corresponding size of 1200-500=700 bits) in the higher-layer response message can be divided into a segment of 700 bits (i.e., no segmentation) based on the D2R resources allocated for the third D2R transmission carrying the higher-layer response message (e.g., when the D2R resources are more than the previous D2R resources). Accordingly, in the D2R transmission, the "number of remaining segments" indicator can indicate 0 segments.

[0246] In some respects, devices can access the A-IoT system through an "A-IoT random access procedure." The A-IoT random access procedure can be triggered by a reader. For example, a Type 1 trigger message carried in an R2D transmission can be used to trigger access for a single device, or it can be used to trigger access for some or all of a group of devices, or it can be used to trigger access for some or all of the devices within the reader's coverage area (e.g., this could refer to all devices that can successfully receive the Type 1 trigger message).

[0247] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “random access procedure” may refer to A-IoT random access procedure.

[0248] In some respects, in the description of the random access procedure in this disclosure, “access” may be replaced with “random access” where applicable, and vice versa.

[0249] In some respects, the random access procedure can be performed at least partially at the MAC layer.

[0250] In some respects, the type of random access procedure (or the random access type of random access procedure) may include at least some or all of the following: contention-free access (CFA, or “contention-free random access”, CFRA) and contention-based access (CBA, or “contention-based random access”, CBRA).

[0251] In some respects, "CBRA" can be divided into "Type 1 CBRA" and "Type 2 CBRA".

[0252] In some respects, a target device(s) of an R2D transmission carrying a Type 1 trigger message can respond to the Type 1 trigger message at least in part by triggering a random access procedure.

[0253] In some respects, the D2R resources used by a D2R transmission in response to a Type 1 trigger message can be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information carried in an R2D transmission carrying a Type 1 trigger message. For example, the R2D control information (e.g., Type 1 R2D control information; or Type 2 R2D control information) can at least in part include indications of one or more access occasions, wherein...

[0254] ● In some respects, an access opportunity may correspond to a time-domain resource (correspondingly, for example, the time-domain resource may correspond to one or more time-domain parameters), or it may correspond to a frequency-domain resource (correspondingly, for example, the frequency-domain resource may correspond to one or more frequency-domain parameters), or it may correspond to a time-frequency resource (correspondingly, for example, the time-frequency resource may correspond to one or more time-domain parameters and one or more frequency-domain parameters).

[0255] ● In some respects, an access opportunity can characterize an opportunity in the time and / or frequency domain for an A-IoT device to perform access.

[0256] ● In some respects, it is possible to determine which device each of the one or more access opportunities is assigned to (or associated with) based on the R2D control information (e.g., Type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, Type 2 R2D control information). For example, this can be applied to the case of CFRA.

[0257] ● In some respects, it is impossible to determine which device any of the one or more D2R access resources is assigned to (or associated with) based on the R2D control information (e.g., Type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, Type 2 R2D control information). This may apply, for example, to the case of CBRA.

[0258] In some respects, a Type 1 trigger message can be an "initial trigger message". In some respects, a Type 1 trigger message can be an A-IoT paging message. In some respects, an A-IoT paging message can be one or more initial trigger message types.

[0259] In some respects, a random access procedure may include at least some or all of the following steps: a first access step, a second access step, and a third access step.

[0260] In some respects, the first access step may be used at least in part to determine some or all of the following: random access type, access timing, and one or more other access parameters.

[0261] In some respects, the random access type can be determined as either CFRA or CBRA.

[0262] In some respects, the random access type can be identified as one of CFRA, Type 1 CBRA, and Type 2 CBRA.

[0263] In some respects, the random access type can be determined first as either CFRA or CBRA. Then, if the random access type is determined to be CBRA, it can be further determined whether it is type 1 CBRA or type 2 CBRA.

[0264] In some respects, if the random access type is determined to be CFRA in the first access step, a device may perform one or more of the following:

[0265] ● In the first access step, an indicated (or assigned; or associated) access timing is selected. For example, the access timing may be an indicated (or assigned; or associated) access timing for the device determined based on R2D control information carried in an R2D transmission carrying a type 1 trigger message.

[0266] ● Skip the second access step.

[0267] ● Perform the third access step.

[0268] In some respects, if the random access type is determined to be CBRA in the first access step, a device may perform one or more of the following:

[0269] ● In the first access step, an access timing selection is performed. For example, an access timing is selected from one or more access timings determined based on the R2D control information carried in the R2D transmission carrying the Type 1 trigger message (e.g., randomly selected; or, for example, selected according to certain rules).

[0270] ● Perform the second access step.

[0271] ● Perform the third access step.

[0272] In some respects, the second access step can be used at least in part for contention resolution.

[0273] In some respects, during the second access step, a device may perform one or more of the following:

[0274] ● Send a “first A-IoT access message” (e.g., referred to as A-IoT Msg1). The A-IoT Msg1 can be carried in a D2R transmission.

[0275] ● Receive a "second A-IoT access message" (e.g., referred to as A-IoT Msg2). The A-IoT Msg2 can be carried in an R2D transmission.

[0276] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “Msg1” may refer to A-IoT Msg1.

[0277] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “Msg2” may refer to A-IoT Msg2.

[0278] In some aspects, during a random access procedure (e.g., in the first access step; or, for example, in the second access step), a device may generate a RID (random ID), wherein, for example, the RID may be a 16-bit integer, or may be defined in other ways. In some aspects, the RID may be randomly generated by the device (e.g., randomly selected from a range of values ​​for the RID).

[0279] In some respects, in Type 1 CBRA, the information carried in Msg1 may include (for example, only) a RID.

[0280] In some respects, in "Type 2 CBRA", the information carried in Msg1 can include a RID, as well as higher-level data, among which,

[0281] ● In some respects, the higher layer may be one or more protocol layers that take the MAC layer (or an access layer protocol layer above the MAC layer) as a reference protocol layer or a reference protocol sublayer.

[0282] ● In some respects, the higher-level data may include at least part of, or all of, the following: a device ID (e.g., the device ID of the device that sent Msg1), and other higher-level data.

[0283] In some respects, the difference between Type 2 CBRA and Type 1 CBRA is that the former contains the higher-level data in its Msg1, while the latter does not.

[0284] In some respects, Msg2 can be used to respond to one or more Msg1, wherein,

[0285] ● In some respects, the one or more Msg1s may be some or all of all Msg1s sent in response to the same type 1 trigger message.

[0286] ● In some respects, the one or more Msg1s may be part or all of all Msg1s that the reader sending the Msg2 successfully received and sent in response to the same type 1 trigger message.

[0287] ● In some respects, Msg2 may carry the RID carried by one or more Msg1 respectively.

[0288] In some respects, if a device receives a corresponding Msg2 after sending a Msg1, and the Msg2 contains the RID contained in the Msg1, then the device can consider the "contention resolution" to be successful.

[0289] In some respects, an AS ID can be assigned (or "assigned") to each indication in one or more Msg1s that it responds to in a Msg2. For example, if a device receives a corresponding Msg2 after sending a Msg1, and the Msg2 contains the RID contained in the Msg1, the device can perform one of the following:

[0290] ●The RID is determined to be an AS ID assigned to it.

[0291] ●The other ID, which is indicated by the Msg2 user and associated with the Msg1 (or the RID), is determined as an AS ID to be assigned to it, wherein the “other ID” is not the RID.

[0292] In some respects, in Type 2 CBRA, the decision of whether to send Msg2 is made by the reader implementation.

[0293] In some respects, a target device (e.g., one of one or more target devices) of an R2D transmission carrying a Type 1 trigger message can determine, at least in part, whether the random access type of the random access procedure triggered by the Type 1 trigger message is CFRA or CBRA based on the R2D control information carried in the R2D transmission. For example, if the "target device information" contains one or more device IDs, the random access type is CFRA. Similarly, if the "target device information" contains one or more device group IDs, the random access type is CBRA. And again, if the "target device information" contains a "broadcast ID," the random access type is CBRA. In some aspects, for CFRA, an AS ID can be indicated (or “assigned”) for one or more target devices in the R2D control information (e.g., Type 1 R2D control information; or Type 2 R2D control information). For example, for each of some or all of the device IDs contained in the “target device information”, a corresponding AS ID can be assigned in the R2D control information (e.g., Type 1 R2D control information; or Type 2 R2D control information). Accordingly, for example, in subsequent A-IoT data transmission (e.g., after the third access step), the assigned AS ID (rather than the device ID or device group ID) can be used to schedule D2R transmissions for the corresponding device.

[0294] In some respects, in CBRA, a device can perform the third access step after determining that "contention resolution" has been successful.

[0295] In some respects, in CFRA, a target device receiving a Type 1 trigger message can perform the third access step.

[0296] In some aspects, the third access step can be used for A-IoT data transmission; for example, for a device, this may at least partially include sending a "third A-IoT access message" (e.g., referred to as A-IoT Msg3), wherein the A-IoT Msg3 may be carried in a D2R transmission. In some aspects, the A-IoT Msg3 may at least partially contain higher-layer data, wherein...

[0297] ● In some respects, the higher layer may be one or more protocol layers that take the MAC layer (or an access layer protocol layer above the MAC layer) as a reference protocol layer or a reference protocol sublayer.

[0298] ● In some respects, the higher-level data may include at least part of, or all of, the following: a device ID (e.g., the device ID of the device that sent the A-IoT Msg3), and other higher-level data.

[0299] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “Msg3” may refer to A-IoT Msg3.

[0300] In some respects, the higher-level message type corresponding to the higher-level data carried in Msg1 in Type 2 CBRA can be the same as the higher-level message type corresponding to the higher-level data carried in Msg3 in CFRA.

[0301] The following description, with reference to FIG1, illustrates a method performed by a device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0302] Figure 1 shows a flowchart corresponding to a method performed by a device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0303] As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments of this disclosure, the steps performed by the device include some or all of the following: step S101 and step S102.

[0304] Specifically, in step S101, an R2D transmission is received (e.g., denoted as...). ).

[0305] In some respects, the R2D transmission It can be used to trigger a random access procedure. For example, the R2D transmission. The message can carry a Type 1 trigger message. Specifically, for example, the Type 1 trigger message can be an A-IoT paging message.

[0306] In some respects, the R2D transmission It may not be used to trigger a random access procedure. For example, the R2D transmission. It can carry a higher-level "command".

[0307] In some respects, the R2D transmission The R2D control information carried in the middle can be used for indication Time resources (e.g., numbered sequentially by time) as well as ),in, It can be a satisfaction integers (e.g., ).

[0308] In some respects, (in, Time resources The corresponding start time (e.g., denoted as) ) and duration (e.g., denoted as The R2D transmission can be determined at least in part based on some or all of the following: The end time, and the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or type 2 R2D control information).

[0309] In some respects, as well as They can be equal to the same value (e.g., denoted as td). D ),Right now,

[0310] In some respects, the stated The value can be a set (e.g., denoted as ). One of the elements in ). In some aspects, the R2D control information can be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information). The value is the set Which element in it?

[0311] In some aspects, in the R2D transmission When the set carries a type 1 trigger message, The random access type can be determined at least in part based on the random access procedure triggered by the Type 1 trigger message. For example, if the random access type is CFRA, then the set... It can be a set For example, if the random access type is CFRA, then the set It can be a set Otherwise, the set It can be a set For example, if the random access type is CFRA or Type 2 CBRA, then the set It can be the set For example, if the random access type is CFRA or Type 2 CBRA, then the set It can be the set Otherwise, the set It can be the set For example, if the random access type is CBRA, then the set It can be the set For example, if the random access type is CBRA, then the set It can be the set Otherwise, the set It can be the set For example, if the random access type is Type 1 CBRA, then the set It can be the set For example, if the random access type is Type 1 CBRA, then the set It can be the set Otherwise, the set It can be the set

[0312] In some respects, the set It can be a set of predefined, configured, or indicated features. For example, For example, For example, For example, For example, For example,

[0313] In some respects, the set It can be a set of predefined, configured, or indicated features. For example, For example, For example, For example, For example, For example,

[0314] In some respects, the set and the set It can be two unequal sets (i.e., ).

[0315] In some respects, the set It can be the set A subset of. For example, the set It can be the set A proper subset. Specifically, for example, and For example, and For example, and

[0316] In some respects, the set It can be the set A subset of. For example, the set It can be the set A proper subset of. Specifically, for example, and For example, and For example, and

[0317] In some respects, The R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or type 2 R2D control information) may at least partially contain information about a D2R resource set. The instruction information, among which,

[0318] ●In some respects, It can be a satisfaction Integers.

[0319] ●In some respects, (in, D2R resources It can be a time-domain resource, a frequency-domain resource, or a time-frequency resource.

[0320] ●In some respects, D2R Resources It can be associated with an SFS factor (e.g., denoted as ). In some respects, the aforementioned It can be used, at least in part, to identify (or identify) the D2R resource. The corresponding frequency resources. In some aspects, for And i1≠i2, and It can satisfy

[0321] ●In some respects, D2R Resources It can be used for a D2R transmission.

[0322] ●In some respects, D2R Resources In the time domain, this can correspond to the time resources. Alternatively, it can correspond to the aforementioned time resources. Part of (e.g., the D2R resources) The length in the time domain can be less than the time resource. (length).

[0323] ●In some respects, The time resources The length can be equal to the D2R resource. as well as The maximum value of the length of the corresponding time resource.

[0324] ●In some respects, as well as They can be equal to the same value (for example, denoted as). ),Right now,

[0325] In some aspects, the R2D control information (e.g., Type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, Type 2 R2D control information) may at least partially include one or more "Type 1 D2R scheduling information" indications, wherein,

[0326] ● In some respects, each type 1 D2R scheduling information indication can be applied to the above. All of the time resources.

[0327] ● In some respects, each type 1 D2R scheduling information indication can be applied to the D2R resource set. as well as All D2R resources in the library.

[0328] ● In some respects, each type 1 D2R scheduling information indication can be applied to the R2D transmission. All D2R transfers that are triggered or scheduled.

[0329] In some respects, the one or more Type 1 D2R scheduling information indications may at least partially include indications of some or all of the following: The td D The And a "Type 1 TBS" (e.g., denoted as ).

[0330] In some respects, the stated It can be indicated by its index in a TBS collection, or it can be indicated in other ways. In some aspects, the... The unit can be either a bit or a byte.

[0331] In some respects, The R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or type 2 R2D control information) may at least partially contain one or more time resources. (Or, D2R resource collection) The "Type 2 D2R Scheduling Information" indication, in which,

[0332] ● In some respects, each type 2 D2R scheduling information indication can be applied to the D2R resource set. All D2R resources in the library.

[0333] ● In some respects, each type 2 D2R scheduling information indication can be applied to the R2D transmission. Triggered or scheduled in the time resource All D2R transmissions on the network.

[0334] In some respects, Time Resources (Or, D2R resource collection) One or more Type 2 D2R scheduling information indications corresponding to a "Type 2 TBS" (e.g., denoted as ) may at least partially contain an indication of a "Type 2 TBS". The instructions. For example, the... It can be indicated by its index in a TBS collection, or it can be indicated in other ways. In some aspects, the... The unit can be either a bit or a byte.

[0335] In addition, in step S102, one or more operations triggered by the R2D transmission are performed.

[0336] In some respects, when certain conditions are met (for example, this may include at least part or all of the following: the device is the R2D transmission), When a target device is selected, and the remaining power of the device is sufficient to complete the one or more operations triggered by the R2D transmission, the one or more operations triggered by the R2D transmission are executed.

[0337] In some respects, the R2D transmission is ignored when the conditions are not met.

[0338] In some aspects, the one or more operations triggered by the R2D transmission may include some or all of the following: identifying a D2R resource, and transmitting a D2R transmission on the D2R resource (or a portion thereof) (e.g., denoted as...). ).

[0339] In some respects, the D2R resource can be an indication (or “allocation”) of a D2R resource to the device. For example, this can be applied to the R2D transmission. The message carries a Type 1 trigger message, and the Type 1 trigger message triggers CFRA. For example, this can be applied to the case based on the R2D transmission. The case where one or more AS IDs carried in the process schedule one or more corresponding D2R transmissions.

[0340] In some aspects, the D2R resource can be a D2R resource selected (e.g., randomly selected) by the device from one or more sets of D2R resources. For example, this can be applied to the R2D transmission. The message carries a Type 1 trigger message, and the Type 1 trigger message triggers the CBRA.

[0341] In some aspects, the D2R resource may be from the D2R resource set. as well as Indicates (or selects) a D2R resource (e.g., denoted as) in part or all of the D2R resources. ),in,

[0342] ●In some respects, k x It can be a satisfaction Integers.

[0343] ●In some respects, i x It can be a satisfaction Integers.

[0344] ● In some respects, the k can be determined first.x Then determine the i x .

[0345] ● In some aspects, the i can be determined first. x Then determine the k x .

[0346] ● In some respects, the k can be determined simultaneously. x and the i x .

[0347] ● In some respects, the k x It can be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information).

[0348] ● In some respects, the k x The device may be in the set Select (e.g., randomly select) one element.

[0349] ● In some respects, the i x It can be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information).

[0350] ● In some respects, the i x The device may be in the set Select (e.g., randomly select) one element.

[0351] ● In some respects, the k x and the i x According to the set An element (e.g., denoted as srr) x ) Determined, among which,

[0352] ■ In some respects, the srr x It can be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information).

[0353] ■ In some respects, the srr x The device can be used in the set Select from (e.g., randomly).

[0354] ■ In some respects, in the above The and the All equal to the stated In the case of the set It can be equal to Accordingly, for example, the k x It can be equal to The i x It can be equal to srr x mod For example, the k mentioned x It can be equal to The i x It can be equal to srr x mod

[0355] In some aspects, in the R2D transmission When a Type 1 trigger message is carried in the random access procedure triggered by the Type 1 trigger message, the random access type can be determined at least partially based on some or all of the following: a "first reference TBS" (e.g., denoted as...). ), and a "first reference D2R duration" (e.g., denoted as ).

[0356] For example, if the If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) a "first TBS threshold", then the random access type can be CFRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) the “first TBS threshold”, then the random access type can be CFRA; otherwise, the random access type can be CBRA.

[0357] For example, if the stated If the value is less than (or less than or equal to) the "first TBS threshold", then the random access type can be CBRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is less than (or less than or equal to) the “first TBS threshold”, then the random access type can be CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be CFRA.

[0358] For example, if the stated If the value is greater than (or greater than or equal to) the "first TBS threshold", then the random access type can be CFRA or Type 2 CBRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) the “first TBS threshold”, then the random access type can be CFRA or Type 2 CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be Type 1 CBRA.

[0359] For example, if the stated If the value is less than (or less than or equal to) the "first TBS threshold", then the random access type can be Type 1 CBRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is less than (or less than or equal to) the “first TBS threshold”, then the random access type can be type 1 CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be CFRA or type 2 CBRA.

[0360] For example, regarding CBRA, it can be at least partially based on the aforementioned Determine whether the CBRA is a type 1 CBRA or a type 2 CBRA. Specifically, for example, if the... If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) the "first TBS threshold", then the random access type can be Type 2 CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be Type 1 CBRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is less than (or less than or equal to) the “first TBS threshold”, then the random access type can be type 1 CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be type 2 CBRA.

[0361] For example, if the stated If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) a "first D2R duration threshold", then the random access type can be CFRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) the “first D2R duration threshold”, then the random access type can be CFRA; otherwise, the random access type can be CBRA.

[0362] For example, if the stated If the random access type is less than (or less than or equal to) the "first D2R duration threshold", then the random access type can be CBRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is less than (or less than or equal to) the “first D2R duration threshold”, then the random access type can be CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be CFRA.

[0363] For example, if the stated If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) the "first D2R duration threshold", then the random access type can be CFRA or Type 2 CBRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) the “first D2R duration threshold”, then the random access type can be CFRA or Type 2 CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be Type 1 CBRA.

[0364] For example, if the stated If the random access type is less than (or less than or equal to) the "first D2R duration threshold", then the random access type can be Type 1 CBRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is less than (or less than or equal to) the “first D2R duration threshold”, then the random access type can be type 1 CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be CFRA or type 2 CBRA.

[0365] For example, regarding CBRA, it can be at least partially based on the aforementioned Determine whether the CBRA is a type 1 CBRA or a type 2 CBRA. Specifically, for example, if the... If the random access type is greater than (or greater than or equal to) the "first D2R duration threshold", then the random access type can be Type 2 CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be Type 1 CBRA. For example, if the... If the random access type is less than (or less than or equal to) the “first D2R duration threshold”, then the random access type can be type 1 CBRA; otherwise, the random access type can be type 2 CBRA.

[0366] In some respects, the “first TBS threshold” may be a predefined, configured, or indicated value, or may be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information).

[0367] In some respects, the “first D2R duration threshold” may be a predefined, configured, or indicated value, or may be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information).

[0368] In some respects, the stated It can be the above Or it could be

[0369] In some respects, the stated It can be the td D Or it could be

[0370] In some respects, the D2R resources (or a D2R transmission thereon, such as the D2R transmission) The SFS factor associated with ) The value of ) can be a predefined, configured, or indicated set of SFS factor values ​​(e.g., denoted as ). One of the elements in ), for example, in,

[0371] ●In some respects, It can be a satisfaction Integers.

[0372] ●In some respects, j x It can be a satisfaction Integers.

[0373] ● In some respects, the set It can be one of one or more predefined, configured, or indicated sets of Type 1 SFS factor values. In some respects, the set It can be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., Type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, Type 2 R2D control information). For example, the R2D control information (e.g., Type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, Type 2 R2D control information) can be used to indicate the set. Which of the one or more predefined, configured, or indicated Type 1 SFS factor values ​​is it?

[0374] In some respects, the stated (or, the j) x It can be determined, at least in part, based on one or more of the following:

[0375] ●The k x .

[0376] ●The i x .

[0377] ●The srr x .

[0378] ● A "minimum SFS factor index", for example, denoted as j min，x , where j min，x It can be a satisfaction Integers.

[0379] ● A "maximum SFS factor index", for example, denoted as j max,x , where j max,x It can be a satisfaction Integers.

[0380] ● An "SFS factor index interval", for example denoted as Y x , where Y x Y can be an integer that satisfies some or all of the following: x ≥0, Y x ≥1, Yx ≤

[0381] ●

[0382] ●The

[0383] ●The

[0384] ●The td D .

[0385] ●The

[0386] (For example, j) x =j min，x +i x ·Y x For example, j x =j max，x -i x ·Y x .

[0387] In some respects, the j min,x It can be a predefined or configured value, or a value determined according to certain rules (e.g., j). min,x =0). In some respects, the j min,x It can be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information).

[0388] In some respects, the j max，x It can be a predefined or configured value, or a value determined according to certain rules (e.g., In some respects, the j mentioned max，x It can be determined at least in part based on the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information).

[0389] In some respects, the stated It can be determined, at least in part, based on some or all of the following: the j min，x The j max，x and the Y x For example, the aforementioned It can be equal to For example, the aforementioned It can be equal to

[0390] In some respects, the Y x It can be determined, at least in part, based on some or all of the following: the jmin,x The j max,x and the aforementioned For example, the Y x It can be equal to For example, the Y mentioned x It can be equal to

[0391] Specifically, for example, suppose δ0=1, δ1=4, δ2=8, δ3=12, δ4=16, δ5=24, δ6=32, δ7=48, δ8=64, j min,x =0, Then Y x It can be equal to Accordingly, if j x =j min，x +i x ·Y x Then for the i x The values ​​of j are 0, 1, and 2. x The values ​​are 0, 4, and 8 respectively, and correspondingly The values ​​are δ0 = 1, δ4 = 16, and δ8 = 64.

[0392] In some respects, the D2R transmission The corresponding (or associated) TBS (e.g., denoted as) It can be determined, at least in part, based on some or all of the following: and the For example, the It can be determined by the device (e.g., selected from one or more predefined, configured, or indicated TBSs) that meets the requirements. (or, A TBS. For example, the aforementioned This can be satisfied in one or more predefined, configured, or indicated TBSs. (or, The largest TBS. For example, the aforementioned The D2R transmission may be determined by the device (e.g., selected from one or more predefined, configured, or indicated TBSs). The duration is less than or equal to (or less than) the stated duration. One TBS. For example, the aforementioned The D2R transmission can be made in one or more predefined, configured, or indicated TBSs. The duration is less than or equal to (or less than) the stated duration. The largest TBS.

[0393] In some aspects, in a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure shown in FIG1, for an “indicated” value or set of values, the corresponding indication information may be at least partially included in the R2D control information (e.g., type 1 R2D control information; or, for example, type 2 R2D control information).

[0394] Thus, as shown in Figure 1, this disclosure provides a method that can efficiently allocate frequency resources for multiple D2R transmissions multiplexed on the same time resource with relatively low signaling overhead, so that the frequency resources of different D2R transmissions have reasonable intervals.

[0395] Variations

[0396] The following uses Figure 2 to illustrate a device that can perform the method described in detail above as a variation of this disclosure.

[0397] Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating the device involved in this disclosure.

[0398] As shown in Figure 2, the device DEV20 includes a processor 201 and a memory 202. The processor 201 may include, for example, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an embedded processor, etc. The memory 202 may include, for example, volatile memory (such as random access memory, RAM), a hard disk drive (HDD), non-volatile memory (such as flash memory), or other memory. Program instructions are stored on the memory 202. When executed by the processor 201, these instructions can perform the methods described in detail herein, executed by the device.

[0399] The embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented on a computer program product. More specifically, the computer program product is one that has a computer-readable medium on which computer program logic is encoded, which, when executed on a computing device, provides related operations to implement the above-described technical solutions of this disclosure. When executed on at least one processor of a computing system, the computer program logic causes the processor to perform the operations (methods) described in the embodiments of this disclosure. This configuration of the disclosure is typically provided as software, code, and / or other data structures set or encoded on a computer-readable medium such as an optical medium (e.g., CD-ROM), floppy disk, or hard disk, or other media such as firmware or microcode on one or more ROM, RAM, or PROM chips, or downloadable software images, shared databases, etc., in one or more modules. The software or firmware or such configuration can be installed on a computing device to cause one or more processors in the computing device to perform the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0400] Computer-executable instructions or programs running on a device according to this disclosure may be programs that enable a computer to perform the functions of embodiments of this disclosure by controlling a central processing unit (CPU). The program or information processed by the program may be temporarily stored in volatile memory (such as random access memory, RAM), hard disk drive (HDD), non-volatile memory (such as flash memory), or other memory systems.

[0401] Computer-executable instructions or programs for implementing the functions of the embodiments of this disclosure can be recorded on a computer-readable storage medium. The corresponding functions can be implemented by causing a computer system to read and execute the programs recorded on the recording medium. The term "computer system" herein can refer to a computer system embedded in the device, and may include an operating system or hardware (such as peripheral devices). "Computer-readable storage medium" can be a semiconductor recording medium, an optical recording medium, a magnetic recording medium, a short-time dynamic program storage medium, or any other computer-readable recording medium.

[0402] Various features or functional modules of the devices used in the above embodiments can be implemented or executed by circuits (e.g., monolithic or multi-chip integrated circuits). Circuits designed to perform the functions described in this specification may include general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of the above devices. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any existing processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The circuits described above may be digital circuits or analog circuits. In cases where advancements in semiconductor technology have led to new integrated circuit technologies that replace existing integrated circuits, one or more embodiments of this disclosure may also be implemented using these new integrated circuit technologies.

[0403] It should be understood that the above embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of both. For example, the various components inside the base station and equipment in the above embodiments can be implemented by a variety of devices, including but not limited to: analog circuit devices, digital circuit devices, digital signal processing (DSP) circuits, programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and so on.

[0404] The methods and related devices of this disclosure have been described above in conjunction with preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the methods shown above are merely exemplary, and the various embodiments described above can be combined with each other without contradiction. The methods of this disclosure are not limited to the steps and sequence shown above. The network nodes and devices shown above may include more modules, such as modules that can be developed or will be developed in the future for use in network nodes or terminal nodes, etc. The various identifiers shown above are merely exemplary and not limiting, and this disclosure is not limited to the specific information elements exemplified by these identifiers. Those skilled in the art can make many variations and modifications based on the teachings of the illustrated embodiments.

[0405] Those skilled in the art should understand that any set is a subset of itself; the empty set is a subset of any set; parts or all of a mathematical expression, mathematical equation, or mathematical inequality can be simplified, transformed, or rewritten to a certain extent, such as merging constant terms, swapping two addition terms, swapping two multiplication terms, changing the sign of a term and moving it from the left to the right of the equation or inequality, or changing the sign of a term and moving it from the right to the left of the equation or inequality, etc.; the mathematical expression, mathematical equation, or mathematical inequality before and after simplification, transformation, or rewriting can be considered equivalent.

[0406] Furthermore, this disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above. Although various examples of the embodiments have been described, this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, this disclosure can be applied to fixed or non-mobile electronic devices installed indoors or outdoors that can be used as communication nodes, such as audio and / or video equipment, kitchen equipment, cleaning equipment, air conditioners, office equipment, vending machines, and other household appliances.

[0407] As described above, embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the specific structure is not limited to the above embodiments, and this disclosure also includes any design modifications that do not depart from the spirit of this disclosure. Furthermore, various modifications can be made to this disclosure within the scope of the claims, and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining the technical means disclosed in different embodiments are also included within the technical scope of this disclosure. In addition, components with the same effects described in the above embodiments can be substituted for each other.

Claims

A method performed by a device, characterized in that include: Receive an A-IoT paging message carried in a reader-to-device R2D transmission, wherein the A-IoT paging message is used to trigger the A-IoT access process; and, Based on the indications in the R2D transmission, determine the device-to-reader D2R transmission. Time resources, among which If the A-IoT access procedure is indicated as a contention-based random access (CBRA) procedure, then the It is an element in the set {1, 2}; and If the A-IoT access process is indicated as a contention-free access CFA process, then the It is an element in set {1}. An apparatus comprising: processor; as well as Memory, which stores instructions The instructions are executed by the processor according to the method described in claim 1.

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