Trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy and preparation method and use thereof
A low-temperature trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum alloys addresses high cost and energy consumption issues, enhancing coating adhesion and preventing feather film defects in can lids by in-situ reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, achieving stringent feather film control and improved corrosion resistance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHEMETALL GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Trivalent chromium passivation agents face issues of high production cost, high energy consumption, and poor coating adhesion leading to feather film defects in aluminum alloy can lids, particularly in pull-open lids, which require stringent control of feather film to within 0.1 mm.
A trivalent chromium surface treatment agent is formulated with a hexavalent chromium compound, an organic reducing agent containing primary, secondary, or phenolic hydroxyl groups, hydrofluoric acid, and an inorganic acid with a lower pKa than hydrofluoric acid, allowing in-situ reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium at low temperatures, forming a dense passivation film with improved adhesion.
The low-temperature process reduces energy consumption and production costs while achieving good coating adhesion and controlling feather film defects to within 0.1 mm, ensuring effective corrosion resistance and appearance quality.
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Figure PCTCN2025133767-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Abstract
Description
Trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy and preparation method and use thereofTechnical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the preparation and use thereof.Background Art
[0002] In recent years, aluminum or aluminum alloys have been used in ever increasing amounts in packaging materials, especially in industries such as foodstuffs (e.g. beverages) , pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, owing to their light weight, ease of processing, good thermal conductivity and barrier properties, aesthetically pleasing color and lustre, ease of recovery, and other excellent properties. In the beverage industry, for example, the demand for aluminum or aluminum alloy for various kinds of easy-open can packaging materials has increased dramatically. Aluminum alloy is formed by processing an alloy composed of aluminum as a substrate with the addition of small amounts of magnesium, manganese and copper. For example, aluminum alloys 5052 and 5182 are widely used in the production of easy-open can lid products, due to their high strength and good formability.
[0003] In order to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum or aluminum alloy packaging materials, the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate generally needs to undergo surface treatment, in particular passivation. Passivation is a method of converting a metal surface to a state in which it is not easily oxidized, to slow down the rate of corrosion of the metal. Through passivation, a dense film will form on the metal surface. This film may be called a surface treatment skin film or a passivation film, and changes the surface state of the metal, causing the electrode potential of the metal to change, such that a corrosion-resistant passive state is achieved. Passivating agents are commonly used in industry to subject aluminum or aluminum alloy substrates to passivation. Currently, there are three classes of passivating agents: The first class is hexavalent chromium passivating agents, the second class is trivalent chromium passivating agents, and the third class is chromium-free passivating agents. Among these, hexavalent chromium passivating agents are conventional passivating agents and have prominent advantages in terms of corrosion resistance and other properties, but the toxicity of hexavalent chromium is harmful to the human body and the environment. Chromium-free passivating agents are the most environmentally friendly, but are typically associated with the problem of insufficient corrosion resistance. Relatively speaking, trivalent chromium passivating agents can be environmentally friendly while having good corrosion resistance, so are currently being studied and applied to a greater degree in the surface treatment of aluminum or aluminum alloy packaging materials.
[0004] However, in the case of aluminum alloy can lid products, trivalent chromium passivation still has some problems, mainly insufficient adhesion when coating, and feather film defects at the pull-opening of the can lid. Can lid products typically need to undergo processes such as cleaning, passivation, application of a coating, curing and stamping; in order to ensure a good appearance and food safety, good adhesion is required between the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate and the coating applied to the substrate, to prevent the coating from falling off. The term “feather film” refers to the phenomenon whereby separation of the coating film and the substrate occurs at an edge when the lid is pulled open after pasteurization of the can lid product. The feather film requirements are particularly stringent for pull-open lids (RPT) , typically requiring that the feather film standard be controlled to within 0.1 mm. The effectiveness of passivation is the main factor influencing the feather film. Trivalent chromium passivating agents currently on the market cannot control the feather film to 0.1 mm. Patent document CN108823559A has disclosed a trivalent chromium passivating agent for pretreatment of a can lid packaging material and a method for preparing same; it uses a chromic acid reduction method, and by adding components such as organophosphorus, fluorotitanic acid, a silane coupling agent, a water-soluble polyurethane dispersant and a water-soluble modified alkyd resin to the formula, improves the corrosion resistance and coating adhesion of the passivating agent, effectively controlling the aluminum alloy can lid feather film to within 0.1 mm. However, it uses a conventional chromic acid reduction process, which requires the system to be heated to 80℃, and this temperature to be maintained for 6 hours. In the process of raising the temperature, maintaining the temperature and lowering the temperature, energy consumption and human resources are significantly increased. In addition, the complex composition of the formula in said document increases the production difficulty and cost, and the document does not provide any experimental data to demonstrate that the passivating agent which it discloses has the claimed technical effect.Summary of the Invention
[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a novel trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy, which is able to effectively solve problems in the prior art such as the high production cost and high energy consumption of trivalent chromium passivating agents, poor coating adhesion of passivation films obtained using same, and feather film defects at the pull-opening of can lids.
[0006] In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy, starting materials thereof comprising:
[0007] a) a hexavalent chromium compound;
[0008] b) an organic reducing agent, containing a primary hydroxyl group, a secondary hydroxyl group and / or a phenolic hydroxyl group;
[0009] c) hydrofluoric acid;
[0010] d) an inorganic acid, having an acid dissociation constant pKa that is less than the pKa of hydrofluoric acid;
[0011] wherein the ratio of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound to the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is 1.0: 3.0 -5.0;
[0012] the trivalent chromium being obtained by in-situ reduction of the hexavalent chromium compound.
[0013] Further, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy of the present invention, the preparation method employing a low-temperature reduction process.
[0014] Further, the present invention also provides a surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy, comprising: applying the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy of the present invention to a surface of a substrate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and drying by heating to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film.
[0015] Further, the present invention further provides an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film, formed by the surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy of the present invention.
[0016] Still further, the present invention also provides a packaging material, having the aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film of the present invention.
[0017] In the present invention, formula design and control of the content of the organic reducing agent enables synergy among the components of the formula, such that hexavalent chromium can be completely and efficiently reduced in-situ to trivalent chromium under low-temperature reaction conditions. Moreover, the formula has a simple composition, and has the prominent advantages of low energy consumption and low cost of starting materials. When it is used for surface treatment of an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate, the dense passivation film formed has good coating adhesion, and the can lid feather film can be effectively controlled to within 0.1 mm.
[0018] It should be explained that the foregoing description has not disclosed all embodiments of the present invention and all advantages of the present invention.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0019] Fig. 1 shows feather film test results after painting and a water-boiling test of an aluminum alloy substrate treated with the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention, observed using an optical microscope.Detailed Description of Embodiments
[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described below, but the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention is not limited to the compositions described below; various changes can be made within the claimed scope of the invention, and embodiments and examples obtained by suitably combining technical approaches respectively disclosed in different embodiments and examples are also included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, all documents recorded herein are cited herein as reference documents. Technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined.
[0021] In the context of describing this specification (especially in the context of the appended claims) , the terms "a" , "an" , "the" and similar language are to be construed to cover the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or obviously contradicted by the context.
[0022] In this specification, a numerical range represented by "value A -value B" or "value A to value B" includes the endpoint values A and B and all ranges between the endpoints.
[0023] In this specification, the meaning expressed by the use of "may" includes the meanings of performing a certain treatment and not performing a certain treatment. In this specification, "optional" or "optionally" means that the event or circumstance described next may or may not occur, and the description includes the case where the event occurs and the case where the event does not occur.
[0024] In this specification, the expressions "some specific / preferred embodiments" , "other specific / preferred embodiments" , "some specific / preferred technical solutions” , " other specific / preferred technical solutions" , etc. mean that the described specific elements (e.g. features, structures, properties and / or characteristics) associated with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment mentioned here, and may or may not be present in other embodiments. In addition, it should be understood that the elements may be combined in various embodiments in any suitable manner.
[0025] In this specification, the term "including" and any variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method or system, product or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but optionally also comprises steps or units not listed, or optionally also comprises other steps or units intrinsic to such processes, methods, products or apparatuses.
[0026] In this specification, expressions such as "containing A, B and / or C" or "comprising A, B and / or C" mean containing A or B or C, or containing any two of A -C, or containing A, B, and C. In this specification, the term "organic" refers to compounds containing carbon.
[0027] In this specification, the term "inorganic" refers to compounds that do not contain carbon atoms, other than carbonate salts and oxides of carbon.
[0028] In this specification, the term "polymer" refers to a molecule that includes a large number of similar units covalently bonded together.
[0029] In this specification, where phrases such as "not containing" or "not comprising" are used, such phrases are not intended to exclude the presence of traces of the relevant compounds or chemical structures, such as environmental contaminants, that may be present but are not intentionally used.
[0030] In this specification, the term " (meth) acrylic resin" refers to a product obtained by polymerization of a monomer composition containing at least one monomer selected from acrylic acid and esters thereof and methacrylic acid and esters thereof.
[0031] In this specification, the term "low temperature" means that the redox reaction of the present invention does not require heating by an external heating source, but does not exclude an increase in the temperature of the reaction system caused by heat release by the reaction of the present invention. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, "low temperature" means that the redox reaction is not higher than 40℃.
[0032] In this specification, the number of moles or the molar amount of each element is the number of moles or the molar amount of the element calculated from the number of moles or the molar amount of the composition and the proportion of the element in the composition, and not the number of moles or the molar amount of free ions or molecules containing the element in the reaction system.
[0033] In this specification, the term "substrate" refers to an aluminum or aluminum alloy material that has not yet been treated by the surface treatment method described in the present invention.
[0034] Trivalent chromium surface treatment agent
[0035] The present invention provides a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy, starting materials thereof comprising:
[0036] a) a hexavalent chromium compound;
[0037] b) an organic reducing agent, containing a primary hydroxyl group, a secondary hydroxyl group and / or a phenolic hydroxyl group;
[0038] c) hydrofluoric acid;
[0039] d) an inorganic acid, having an acid dissociation constant pKa that is less than the pKa of hydrofluoric acid;
[0040] wherein the ratio of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound to the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is 1.0: 3.0 -5.0; preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 3.2 -4.8; more preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0: 3.5 -4.5.
[0041] The active substance trivalent chromium (Cr (III) ) in the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention is obtained by in-situ reduction of the hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI) ) compound of the present invention. "In-situ reduction" means in-situ reduction in the same system; the trivalent chromium is obtained by reduction of the hexavalent chromium compound under the action of the organic reducing agent, without adding a trivalent chromium compound to the system of the present invention. Compared to a solution in which a trivalent chromium compound is used directly as the active substance of a passivating agent, the present invention can have the performance advantage of a trivalent chromium passivating agent, while at the same time achieving a significant improvement in terms of the cost of starting materials. Since no other strong oxidizing agent is present in the system of the formula combination of the present invention, the invention can also reduce the possibility of trivalent chromium being converted to hexavalent chromium under certain conditions.
[0042] In the present invention, apart from component c) , each component of the other starting materials may be a single type used alone, or may be two or more types used in combination in a desired ratio.
[0043] Component a) of the present invention is a hexavalent chromium compound, which is oxidizing, and can be reduced to trivalent chromium under the conditions of the present invention. In some embodiments of the present invention, the hexavalent chromium compound is a water-soluble hexavalent chromium compound, and the form in which it is present in aqueous solution is closely related to pH and concentration. For example, under strongly acidic conditions (pH <1) , the hexavalent chromium is present mainly in the form of H2CrO4 molecules; after an increase in pH (1 < pH < 6) , the hexavalent chromium in solution is mainly present in the form of HCrO4-anions; and when the hexavalent chromium concentration is high, HCrO4-can undergo dehydration condensation to form dichromate anions Cr2O72-. In other embodiments of the invention, the hexavalent chromium compound is selected from one or more of chromium trioxide (CrO3, chromic anhydride) , chromic acid (H2CrO4) and / or hexavalent chromate salts. Further, the hexavalent chromate salts are water-soluble hexavalent chromate salts, such as water-soluble chromate salts or dichromate salts; examples include one or more of alkali metal chromate salts such as sodium chromate and potassium chromate; alkali metal dichromate salts such as sodium dichromate and potassium dichromate; magnesium chromate; and ammonium dichromate. Preferably, the hexavalent chromium compound of the invention is selected from chromium trioxide and / or chromic acid. The hexavalent chromium compound of the present invention is commercially available.
[0044] Reducing agents are substances that lose electrons in redox reactions. Component b) of the present invention is an organic reducing agent, containing a primary hydroxyl group, a secondary hydroxyl group and / or a phenolic hydroxyl group.
[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, the organic reducing agent contains a primary hydroxyl group and / or a secondary hydroxyl group; when these react with hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI) ) , the primary hydroxyl group will be oxidized to an aldehyde or acid, etc., whereas the secondary hydroxyl group will be oxidized to a ketone, etc. In some embodiments, the organic reducing agent containing a primary hydroxyl group and / or a secondary hydroxyl group might undergo carbon chain cleavage, releasing carbon dioxide. In the context of the present invention, "primary hydroxyl group” refers to a functional group connected to a carbon atom on which there are 2 α-H (meaning hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached) in an alcohol molecule, e.g. the hydroxyl group in CH3CH2OH is a primary hydroxyl group; "secondary hydroxyl group" refers to a functional group connected to a carbon atom on which there is only 1 α-H in an alcohol molecule, e.g. the hydroxyl group in CH3CH (CH3) OH is a secondary hydroxyl group. In the presence of hexavalent chromium, the α-H of the primary hydroxyl group or secondary hydroxyl group can be given to the hexavalent chromium by electron transfer, so that the primary hydroxyl group or secondary hydroxyl group is oxidized. The present inventors have found that an organic reducing agent containing only a tertiary hydroxyl group, such as citric acid, cannot be suitable for use in the system of the present invention. In some specific embodiments of the invention, the organic reducing agent comprises one or more of glucose, sucrose, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, mannitol, malic acid, isocitric acid and / or water-soluble salts corresponding to the abovementioned compounds; further preferably, one organic reducing agent molecule contains two or more primary hydroxyl groups and / or secondary hydroxyl groups, such as sucrose and / or gluconic acid; this helps to complete the redox reaction in a shorter time. Organic reducing agents of this type in the present invention are commercially available.
[0046] In other embodiments of the present invention, the organic reducing agent contains a phenolic hydroxyl group. Although the phenolic hydroxyl group does not have an α-H, the conjugation of the phenolic hydroxyl group with the benzene ring is such that the electron cloud density increases at the ortho-and para-positions relative to the hydroxyl group; under the action of hexavalent chromium such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) , phenolic reducing agents can undergo oxidation to produce benzoquinone. In some specific embodiments of the invention, the organic reducing agent comprises one or more of tannic acid, gallic acid and / or water-soluble salts corresponding to the abovementioned compounds; organic reducing agents of this type are also commercially available.
[0047] In order to enable complete conversion of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium at a low temperature, the inventors have found that it is necessary to control the number of moles of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound and the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent. The ratio of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound of the present invention to the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent of the present invention is 1.0: 3.0 -5.0; preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 3.2 -4.8, and even more preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 3.5 -4.5. If the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is too low, this will result in an incomplete redox reaction at low temperature, with the problem of hexavalent chromium residue in the system for a long time; If the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is too high, there will be a large amount of organic reducing agent remaining, and starting material costs will rise. In the present invention, the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is related to the number of moles of α-H that the organic reducing agent can provide and / or the number of moles of hydrogen at the ortho-and para-positions relative to the phenolic hydroxyl group. In the case of an organic reducing agent containing a primary hydroxyl group and / or a secondary hydroxyl group, the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is 2 × the number of moles of α-H that the organic reducing agent can provide; for example, the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by 1 mol of sucrose is 2 × 11 = 22 mol. In the case of an organic reducing agent containing a phenolic hydroxyl group, the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is the number of moles of hydrogen at the ortho-and para-positions relative to the phenolic hydroxyl group that the organic reducing agent can provide; for example, the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by 1 mol of phenol is 3 mol. In some embodiments of the present invention, the molar amount of the organic reducing agent used is 1.2 or more times the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent; further preferably, the molar amount of the organic reducing agent used is 1.2 -3 times the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent; even more preferably, the molar amount of the organic reducing agent used is 1.3 -2.5 times the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent.
[0048] Component c) of the present invention is hydrofluoric acid, which is an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride gas. Component c) is an essential component for achieving the object of the present invention. If other fluorides are used in place of component c) , this will result in inability to complete the redox reaction thoroughly and efficiently under low-temperature conditions, and the problem of hexavalent chromium residue is likely to be present. In the system of the invention, when the hexavalent chromium of the invention has been reduced to trivalent chromium, the trivalent chromium is more inclined to combine with fluoride ions to become chromium trifluoride, which can dissolve in hydrofluoric acid. In other words, the use of hydrofluoric acid in the present invention effectively increases the solubility of trivalent chromium, reducing the possibility of a trivalent chromium phosphate precipitate being generated. In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the starting materials of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention may include other water-soluble fluorides in appropriate amounts in addition to component c) ; one or more of sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, sodium hydrogen fluoride, potassium hydrogen fluoride, ammonium hydrogen fluoride, etc. can be listed. In order to ensure the completeness of the redox reaction under low-temperature conditions and to obtain a denser passivation film, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, the only fluoride in the starting materials of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention is component c) .
[0049] Component c) is commercially available, typically at a concentration of 40%. Regarding the content or amount used of component c) , in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the ratio of the number of moles of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound of the invention to the number of moles of F in the hydrofluoric acid of the invention is 1: 1.8 -5.0; further preferably, the molar ratio is 1: 2.0 -4.0; more preferably, the molar ratio is: 1: 2.2 -3.5. If there is too much free hydrogen fluoride, there may be a risk of over-etching of the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate. If there is too little free hydrogen fluoride, the dissolution of the trivalent chromium cannot be effectively promoted, and complete reaction cannot be accomplished.
[0050] Component d) of the present invention is an inorganic acid other than hydrofluoric acid; this inorganic acid has an acid dissociation constant pKa that is less than the pKa of hydrofluoric acid. The lower the pKa value, the stronger the acidity. That is, the inorganic acid of the present invention is more acidic than hydrofluoric acid; in some embodiments of the present invention, component d) is an inorganic strong acid or medium-strong acid which is more acidic than hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid typically has a pKa value of 3.17 measured in water at 25℃. In some embodiments of the invention, component d) may be selected from inorganic acids having a pKa value of not more than 3.0 measured in water at 25℃; preferably, component d) is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, hydroiodic acid and hydrobromic acid. More preferably, the inorganic acid is selected from phosphoric acid and / or nitric acid, being able to provide the acidic environment required for the system, and also helping to form a denser passivation film on the aluminum or aluminum alloy surface. Regarding the content of component d) , in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the amount of component d) used is usually in excess; it suffices that the amount thereof added enables the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention to have pH < 3.0.
[0051] In some embodiments of the invention, the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the invention also comprises component e) a film-forming polymer, which can further improve adhesion between the passivation film and a subsequent coating. There is no particular limitation on the type of component e) ; in some embodiments of the invention, the film-forming polymer is selected from one or more of polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, polyolefin resins, phenolic resins, polyester resins, (meth) acrylic resins and urethane (meth) acrylate resins. Suitable polyurethane resins are usually the addition polymerization products of organic compounds having at least two active hydrogen functional groups and polyisocyanates, for example in the form of aqueous dispersions. The polyurethane resin can be modified to be hydrophilically stable or increase dispersibility in aqueous media by introducing a cationic or anionic modifying group or a potential ionic group that can be converted to a cationic / anionic group. Such polyurethane resins are commonly referred to in the art as ionic hydrophilically stable polyurethane resins. Alternatively, the polyurethane resin can be modified by introducing a non-ionic hydrophilic modifying group. The following may be listed as epoxy resins: epoxy compounds having 2 or more glycidyl groups; epoxy compounds having bisphenol A or bisphenol F as units in the backbone; or epoxy resins obtained by causing an epoxy compound having 2 or more glycidyl groups to react with a diamine such as ethylenediamine and undergo cationization; non-ionic epoxy resins obtained by adding polyethylene glycol to side chains of epoxy compounds having bisphenol A or bisphenol F as units in the backbone or other epoxy compounds having 2 or more glycidyl groups. The following may be listed as polyolefin resins: polypropylene; polyethylene; modified polyolefins obtained by modifying polyolefins such as copolymers formed by propylene, ethylene and α-olefins with unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid) ; copolymers formed by ethylene and acrylic acid (methacrylic acid) , etc. In addition, copolymers obtained by copolymerization with small amounts of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers can be used. As a method for making aqueous, ammonia and amines can also be used to neutralize carboxylic acids introduced into polyolefin resins. (Meth) acrylic resins can be obtained by addition polymerization of unsaturated (meth) acrylic monomers; the (meth) acrylic resins can be any resins among homopolymers or copolymers of (meth) acrylic monomers. In some embodiments of the present invention, a suitable (meth) acrylic resin is generally a hydroxyl-containing (meth) acrylic resin, which may be a copolymerization product of a hydroxyl-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer and at least one unsaturated monomer copolymerized with the hydroxyl-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer, for example in the form of an aqueous dispersion. These film-forming polymers are all commercially available. The present invention has no special restrictions on the content of component e) , and those skilled in the art can determine the content thereof according to actual needs.
[0052] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention has a pH of less than 3, preferably no more than 2.8, more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.5. If the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent is diluted during use, the pH range is preferably less than 2.5. In some embodiments of the present invention, the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention may also comprise a pH buffer, e.g. one or more of buffering acids or salts such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, acetic acid and sodium acetate, to slow down the change in pH of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent. In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, other than components a) to e) , the remaining component of the starting materials of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention is water.
[0053] The starting material hexavalent chromium compound in the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention can be fully reduced to trivalent chromium; the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention can be judged to have no hexavalent chromium residue by determination according to the hexavalent chromium qualitative detection method of the present invention, to meet environmental protection requirements. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the present invention having no hexavalent chromium residue means that the composition contains no more than 50 mg / L of free hexavalent chromium.
[0054] Preparation method for trivalent chromium surface treatment agent
[0055] The present invention further provides a method for preparing the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention. The method of the present invention for preparing a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy comprises:
[0056] step A: mixing and dissolving a) a hexavalent chromium compound, c) hydrofluoric acid and d) an inorganic acid, with water as a solvent, to obtain a liquid mixture I;
[0057] step B: adding b) an organic reducing agent to the liquid mixture I, without any external heat source heating the reaction system, and stirring to perform a redox reaction.
[0058] The hexavalent chromium compound of the present invention can be completely and efficiently reduced to trivalent chromium in-situ under low-temperature reaction conditions, so energy consumption can be significantly reduced; thus, the invention is suitable for industrial utilization and dissemination.
[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, there are no specific restrictions on the manner of mixing and the order in which the materials are added in step A; it suffices that a) the hexavalent chromium compound, c) the hydrofluoric acid and d) the inorganic acid are fully dissolved in water; the mixing and stirring in step A are carried out at room temperature (e.g. 15 -30℃) ; there is no need for an external heat source to heat the reaction system.
[0060] Step B of the present invention is a redox reaction step, which has no need for an external heat source to heat the reaction system; the organic reducing agent can undergo a redox reaction with the hexavalent chromium compound under thorough stirring, and heat is released after the reaction begins. In some embodiments of the present invention, the reaction also releases carbon dioxide. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, as a result of controlling the addition rate of the organic reducing agent, the temperature of the redox reaction in step B is not higher than 40℃; further preferably, step B is performed stably at 20 -35℃. In some embodiments of the invention, the rate of addition of the organic reducing agent is controlled so that the reaction temperature is not higher than 40℃; for example, it may be 0.5 to 2.0 kg / min. After completion of the step of adding the reducing agent, stirring is continued for 2 to 4 hours; in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, stirring is continued for 3 hours, to allow the redox reaction to proceed more completely.
[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preparation method of the present invention further comprises:
[0062] step C: detecting whether hexavalent chromium is present in solution, and continuing with the following step if the detection result is negative;
[0063] step D: mixing e) a film-forming polymer to obtain the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent.
[0064] Step C may use a conventional hexavalent chromium detection method in the art, such as the method specified in GB / T 7467-1987 or the following hexavalent chromium qualitative detection method:
[0065] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the specific steps of the hexavalent chromium qualitative detection method are as follows: 2 g of the liquid to be tested is diluted to 50 times its original volume with water, then 2 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid is added and mixed in evenly, followed by the addition of 2 g of potassium iodide reagent and 1 mL of 1%starch solution, and the color of the system is observed. The color of the system is unchanged (it is judged that the system has no hexavalent chromium residue) or turns black (the potassium iodide is oxidized by hexavalent chromium to I2 which turns black upon contact with starch) . If the system turns black, then 0.1 mol / L sodium thiosulfate solution is added (to reduce the I2, so the black color disappears) ; if the black color disappears with the dropwise addition of 1 drop or less than 1 drop, the system is judged to have no hexavalent chromium residue; if more than 1 drop is added dropwise before the black disappears, it is determined that there is a significant hexavalent chromium residue.
[0066] If the detection result is that there is no hexavalent chromium residue, it is determined that the redox reaction of the present invention is complete. Step D, i.e. mixing e) the film-forming polymer, can be carried out while stirring without needing to subject the resulting reaction mixed solution to temperature reduction treatment. There is no particular limitation on the mixing method, and the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention is obtained. The preparation method of the present invention is low in energy consumption, low in cost, efficient in reaction, and takes only a short time, so is easy to apply industrially.
[0067] Surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy
[0068] The present invention also provides a surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy, comprising: applying the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy of the present invention to a surface of a substrate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and drying by heating to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film.
[0069] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention is used to treat a substrate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. The following may be listed as substrates made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, for example: thin sheet material, packaging foil, etc., made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, the surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy of the present invention comprises applying the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention described above to a surface of a substrate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. In some embodiments of the present invention, in order to obtain better coating adhesion, the substrate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy is preferably pre-treated and then coated with the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention, the pre-treatment step comprising degreasing, rinsing, pickling, rinsing and drying, the drying temperature preferably being in the range of 80 to 100℃. There are no special restrictions on the method of applying the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent; it is preferable to use stainless steel drawdown bar application. In some embodiments of the invention, the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the invention may be applied directly or after dilution of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent. The contact time of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent with the surface of the substrate is usually 0.5 to 180 seconds or so. After application is completed, drying is performed by heating at a temperature of 60 -250℃ to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film; the preferred temperature for drying by heating is 80 -200℃. There are no specific restrictions on the method of drying by heating; a batch or continuous hot air circulation-type drying furnace, a conveyor belt-type hot air drying furnace or an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, etc. may be used. The air volume and air speed, etc. thereof can be set according to actual needs. The present invention further provides an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film, formed by the above-described surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy of the present invention. In some embodiments of the invention, the surface treatment skin film of the invention is a passivation film formed on an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface by a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent. The surface treatment skin film of the present invention is mainly formed by etching of the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy by the acidic trivalent chromium surface treatment agent; H ions are consumed on the surface of the aluminum plate, resulting in an increase in the pH of the microenvironment, forming deposits such as chromium oxides. The composition of the surface treatment skin film of the present invention is relatively complex, mainly comprising chromium oxides; in addition, there may also be deposits of chromium phosphate, chromium fluoride and organic matter. In some specific embodiments of the invention, the surface treatment skin film of the present invention has a weight after drying of about 10 to 100 mg / m2, preferably 20 to 60 mg / m2 (calculated from solid content and roller coating liquid film thickness) . If the weight of the surface treatment skin film is too high, processing performance may be affected; if the weight of the surface treatment skin film is too low, the problem of being unable to ensure full coating adhesion may be present.
[0071] Packaging material
[0072] The present invention also provides a packaging material, having the above-described aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film of the present invention. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the packaging material is a packaging material for cans, such as a body or cover material for food cans, outer packaging material for food containers or secondary batteries, etc. More preferably, the packaging material is a can lid material. In some embodiments of the present invention, the packaging material is primarily obtained by subjecting a substrate of aluminum or aluminum alloy to passivation with the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent of the present invention, then drying, then applying a coating composition, then curing. The present invention has no specific limitations on the coating composition and the methods of application and curing. For can lid materials, the coating composition is preferably a solvent-based clear coating composition, the applied dry film thickness preferably being 10 to 30 μm, and further preferably 15 to 20 μm. The packaging material of the present invention has good coating adhesion and excellent coating adhesion. In some specific embodiments of the invention, the surface treatment method of the invention may result in a can lid that satisfies a feather film test; further, the feather film width of the invention is below 100 μm, preferably below 80 μm, more preferably below 70 μm, or there is no feather film defect.
[0073] The following embodiments are intended to illustrate the invention in more detail.
[0074] 1st embodiment:
[0075] A trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy, starting materials thereof comprising:
[0076] a) a hexavalent chromium compound;
[0077] b) an organic reducing agent, containing a primary hydroxyl group, a secondary hydroxyl group and / or a phenolic hydroxyl group;
[0078] c) hydrofluoric acid;
[0079] d) an inorganic acid, having an acid dissociation constant pKa that is less than the pKa of hydrofluoric acid;
[0080] wherein the ratio of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound to the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is 1.0: 3.0 -5.0; preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 3.2 -4.8; more preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 3.5 -4.5;
[0081] the trivalent chromium being obtained by in-situ reduction of the hexavalent chromium compound.
[0082] 2nd embodiment:
[0083] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to the 1st embodiment, wherein the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent further comprises: e) a film-forming polymer; further preferably, a remaining component of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent is water.
[0084] 3rd embodiment:
[0085] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to the 1st or 2nd embodiment, wherein
[0086] the hexavalent chromium compound is selected from one or more of chromium trioxide, chromic acid and / or hexavalent chromate salts.
[0087] 4th embodiment:
[0088] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to any one of the 1st to the 3rd embodiments, wherein
[0089] the organic reducing agent is selected from one or more of glucose, sucrose, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, isocitric acid, ascorbic acid, mannitol and / or water-soluble salts thereof.
[0090] 5th embodiment:
[0091] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to any one of the 1st to the 4th embodiments, wherein
[0092] the molar ratio of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound to F in the hydrofluoric acid is 1.0 : 1.8 -5.0; preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 2.0 -4.0; more preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 2.2 -3.5.
[0093] 6th embodiment:
[0094] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to any one of the 1st to the 5th embodiments, wherein
[0095] the inorganic acid has an acid dissociation constant pKa of not more than 3.0; preferably, the inorganic acid is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, hydroiodic acid and hydrobromic acid; more preferably, the inorganic acid is selected from phosphoric acid.
[0096] 7th embodiment:
[0097] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to any one of the 1st to the 6th embodiments, wherein
[0098] the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent has a pH of less than 3.0.
[0099] 8th embodiment:
[0100] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to any one of the 1st to the 7th embodiments, wherein
[0101] the film-forming polymer is selected from one or more of polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, polyolefin resins, phenolic resins, polyester resins, (meth) acrylic resins and urethane (meth) acrylate resins.
[0102] 9th embodiment:
[0103] The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to any one of the 1st to the 8th embodiments, wherein
[0104] there is no hexavalent chromium residue in the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent. 10th embodiment:
[0105] A method for preparing the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy as described in any one of the 1st to the 9th embodiments, comprising:
[0106] step A: mixing and dissolving a) a hexavalent chromium compound, c) hydrofluoric acid and d) an inorganic acid, with water as a solvent, to obtain a liquid mixture I;
[0107] step B: adding b) an organic reducing agent to the liquid mixture I, without any external heat source heating the reaction system, and stirring to perform a redox reaction.
[0108] 11th embodiment:
[0109] The method for preparing a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to the 10th embodiment, wherein
[0110] the preparation method further comprises:
[0111] step C: detecting whether hexavalent chromium is present in solution, and continuing with the following step if the detection result is negative;
[0112] step D: mixing e) a film-forming polymer to obtain the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent.
[0113] 12th embodiment:
[0114] The method for preparing a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent according to the 10th or 11th embodiment, wherein
[0115] the temperature of the redox reaction in step B) is not higher than 40℃; preferably, the temperature of the redox reaction is 20 -35℃.
[0116] 13th embodiment:
[0117] A surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy, comprising:
[0118] applying the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy according to any one of the 1st to the 9th embodiments to a surface of a substrate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and drying by heating to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film.
[0119] 14th embodiment:
[0120] An aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film, formed by the aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment method described in the 13th embodiment.
[0121] 15th embodiment:
[0122] A packaging material, having the aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film according to the 14th embodiment; preferably, the packaging material is a can packaging material, and more preferably, the packaging material is a can lid material.
[0123] The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0124] [Preparation of surface treatment agent]
[0125] Examples 1 -4
[0126] A hexavalent chromium compound (chromium trioxide CrO3) , hydrofluoric acid (HF) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were mixed, deionized water was added as a solvent, and thorough stirring was performed to dissolve, wherein the molar amount of Cr provided by the chromium trioxide was 1.0 mol, the molar amount of F provided by the hydrofluoric acid is shown in Table 1, and the amount of phosphoric acid added was 0.6 mol; at room temperature (15 -25℃) , an organic reducing agent was slowly added, the type of organic reducing agent and the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided being shown in Table 1. A redox reaction took place while thoroughly stirring, the reaction being exothermic; by controlling the rate of addition of the organic reducing agent, it was possible to control the redox reaction to proceed steadily below 35℃. After the step of adding the organic reducing agent was complete, stirring was continued for 3 hours. The solution was tested, and it was determined that there was no Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue. It was possible to mix a polyacrylate ester while stirring without needing to cool the system, giving a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy, with a pH of 2.8.
[0127] A hexavalent chromium qualitative detection method was used to test the solution: 2 g of the liquid to be tested is diluted to 50 times its original volume with water, then 2 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid is added and mixed in evenly, followed by the addition of 2 g of potassium iodide reagent and 1 mL of 1.0%starch solution, and the color of the system is observed. The color of the system is unchanged (it is judged that the system has no hexavalent chromium residue) or turns black (the potassium iodide is oxidized by hexavalent chromium to I2 which turns black upon contact with starch) . If the system turns black, then 0.1 mol / L sodium thiosulfate solution is added (to reduce the I2, so the black color disappears) ; if the black color disappears with the dropwise addition of 1 drop or less than 1 drop, the system is judged to have no hexavalent chromium residue; if more than 1 drop is added dropwise before the black disappears, it is determined that there is a significant hexavalent chromium residue.
[0128] Comparative Example 1
[0129] Compared to Example 4, the difference was that no hydrofluoric acid was added; the other conditions were the same. After the step of adding the reducing agent was completed, stirring was continued for 3 hours, and the solution was tested; there was an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue. Stirring was continued for 3 hours, and the solution was tested; there was still an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue.
[0130] Comparative Example 2
[0131] Compared to Example 4, the differences were that no hydrofluoric acid was added, and the reaction system was heated when the reducing agent was added dropwise, so that the temperature of the redox reaction was 80℃. During the redox reaction, a large amount of dark green crystalline solid was found to separate out, and when the solution was tested, it was found that there was an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue.
[0132] Comparative Example 3
[0133] Compared to Comparative Example 2, the difference was that gluconic acid was replaced by hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) . The amount of hypophosphorous acid added merely had to ensure that the number of moles of electrons supplied by hypophosphorous acid was the same as for gluconic acid; the other conditions were the same. During the redox reaction, a large amount of dark green crystalline solid was found to separate out, and when the solution was tested, it was found that there was an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue.
[0134] Comparative Example 4
[0135] Compared to Example 4, the difference was that gluconic acid was replaced by hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) . The amount of hypophosphorous acid added merely had to ensure that the number of moles of electrons supplied by hypophosphorous acid was the same as for gluconic acid; the other conditions were the same. After the step of adding the reducing agent was completed, stirring was continued for 3 hours, and the solution was tested; there was an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue. Stirring was continued for 3 hours, and the solution was tested; there was still an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue.
[0136] Comparative Example 5
[0137] Compared to Example 1, the difference was that the amount of gluconic acid added was reduced; the other conditions were the same. After the step of adding the organic reducing agent was completed, stirring was continued for 3 hours, and the solution was tested; there was an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue. Stirring was continued for 3 hours, and the solution was tested; there was still an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue.
[0138] Comparative Example 6
[0139] Compared to Example 4, this comparative example merely replaced hydrofluoric acid with ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH4HF2) . The amount of ammonium hydrogen fluoride added merely had to ensure that the number of moles of F supplied by ammonium hydrogen fluoride was the same as for hydrofluoric acid; the other conditions were the same. After the step of adding the organic reducing agent was completed, stirring was continued for 3 hours, and the solution was tested; there was an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue. Stirring was continued for 3 hours, and the solution was tested; there was still an obvious Cr-VI (hexavalent chromium) residue.
[0140] Table 1
[0141] [Use of surface treatment agent]
[0142] Aluminum alloy substrate pretreatment: Aluminum alloy substrate (5 series, 200 × 200 × 0.3 mm) was subjected to alkaline degreasing (Gardoclean S 5148 from Chemetall) , rinsed with water, pickled to remove ash (Gardacid P 4325 from Chemetall) , rinsed with water, and dried at 100℃, so as to be ready for use.
[0143] Application of trivalent chromium surface treatment agent: The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent prepared in Example 4 was applied to the abovementioned pretreated aluminum alloy substrate by means of a stainless steel drawdown bar, and dried at 100℃. After drying, the skin film weight of the passivation film covering the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate was calculated to be about 50 mg / m2.
[0144] [Paint adhesion performance test]
[0145] Paint (Valspar polyester varnish) was applied by roller to the aluminum alloy substrate surface-treated with the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent, and dried at 250℃ to obtain a sample with a dry film thickness of 19 μm. Dry film thickness is determined according to DIN EN ISO 2808: 2007-05 (date: May 2007) , by method 12A -Magnetic induction meter, using a Helmut-Fischer FMP20 instrument.
[0146] Multiple prepared samples were separately subjected to the following 3 tests:
[0147] (1) A cross-hatch test of the paint film was carried out according to the method of the national standard GB / T 9286-1998.
[0148] (2) T-bend test: With the paint surface facing downward, the sample was bent flat through 180°, then adhesive tape was stuck on to observe the degree of paint peeling at the bend.
[0149] (3) Feather film test: The sample was immersed in an 80℃ water bath for 40 min of treatment, the aluminum alloy substrate was then torn parallel to the rolling direction, and paint detachment at the break was observed using an optical microscope. The results are shown in Figure 1. The feather film width was measured at three locations, and the mean value was calculated.
[0150] Test results:
[0151] (1) Cross-hatch test: Level 0 (cut edge completely smooth, none of the squares is detached)
[0152] (2) T-bend test: 0T (no paint peeling when bent through 180°)
[0153] (3) Feather film width:53.5 μ
Claims
1.A trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy, characterized in thatstarting materials of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent comprise:a) a hexavalent chromium compound;b) an organic reducing agent, containing a primary hydroxyl group, a secondary hydroxyl group and / or a phenolic hydroxyl group;c) hydrofluoric acid;d) an inorganic acid, having an acid dissociation constant pKa that is less than the pKa of hydrofluoric acid;wherein the ratio of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound to the maximum number of moles of electrons theoretically provided by the organic reducing agent is 1.0: 3.0 -5.0; preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 3.2 -4.8; more preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 3.5 -4.5;the trivalent chromium being obtained by in-situ reduction of the hexavalent chromium compound.2.The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in thatthe trivalent chromium surface treatment agent further comprises: e) a film-forming polymer; further preferably, a remaining component of the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent is water.3.The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatthe hexavalent chromium compound is selected from one or more of chromium trioxide, chromic acid and / or hexavalent chromate salts.4.The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 -3, characterized in thatthe organic reducing agent is selected from one or more of glucose, sucrose, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, isocitric acid, ascorbic acid, mannitol and / or water-soluble salts thereof.5.The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 -4, characterized in thatthe molar ratio of Cr in the hexavalent chromium compound to F in the hydrofluoric acid is 1.0 : 1.8 -5.0; preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 2.0 -4.0; more preferably, the molar ratio is 1.0 : 2.2 -3.5.6.The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 -5, characterized in thatthe inorganic acid has an acid dissociation constant pKa of not more than 3.0; preferably, the inorganic acid is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, hydroiodic acid and hydrobromic acid; more preferably, the inorganic acid is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid and / or nitric acid.7.The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 -6, characterized in thatthe trivalent chromium surface treatment agent has a pH of less than 3.0.8.The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 -7, characterized in thatthe film-forming polymer is selected from one or more of polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, polyolefin resins, phenolic resins, polyester resins, (meth) acrylic resins and urethane (meth) acrylate resins.9.The trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 -8, characterized in thatthere is no hexavalent chromium residue in the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent.10.A method for preparing the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 -9, comprising:step A: mixing and dissolving a) a hexavalent chromium compound, c) hydrofluoric acid and d) an inorganic acid, with water as a solvent, to obtain a liquid mixture I;step B: adding b) an organic reducing agent to the liquid mixture I, without any external heat source heating the reaction system, and stirring to perform a redox reaction.11.The method for preparing a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in claim 10, characterized in thatthe preparation method further comprises:step C: detecting whether hexavalent chromium is present in solution, and continuing with the following step if the detection result is negative;step D: mixing e) a film-forming polymer to obtain the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent.12.The method for preparing a trivalent chromium surface treatment agent as claimed in claim 10 or 11, characterized in thatthe temperature of the redox reaction in step B) is not higher than 40℃; preferably, the temperature of the redox reaction is 20 -35℃.13.A surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy, comprising:applying the trivalent chromium surface treatment agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 -9 to a surface of a substrate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and drying by heating to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film.14.An aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film, formed by the surface treatment method for aluminum or aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 13.15.A packaging material, having the aluminum or aluminum alloy surface treatment skin film as claimed in claim 14; preferably, the packaging material is a can packaging material, and more preferably, the packaging material is a can lid material.