Photovoltaic panel structure comprising a device for adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic panel support structure (1) comprising a base (10) defining a reference plane (P0), and a movable frame (11) receiving the photovoltaic panel (100) and defining a mounting plane (P1), the movable frame being rotatably mounted about a first axis (A1) on the base. The structure further comprises a locking device which is arranged between the movable frame and the base in order to stabilise the movable frame relative to the base in at least two separate positions, which locking device comprises at least two stabilising members (12), each comprising a first connecting element (121) which can be housed in at least a second connecting element (102) of the base.

Description

DESCRIPTION Title: Photovoltaic panel structure including a photovoltaic panel orientation adjustment device. technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panels or solar panels, and more particularly to a photovoltaic panel support structure that allows the panel's tilt to be adjusted in order to optimize sunlight exposure at various times of the year, for example, throughout the four seasons, and / or to be installed on various supports with different inclinations, such as on a wall, on the ground, or on a roof. The present invention also relates to a photovoltaic installation comprising this type of support structure and a photovoltaic panel. Technological background

[0002] A photovoltaic panel converts solar energy into electricity. It is composed of photovoltaic cells that capture photons from sunlight and generate an electric current through the photovoltaic effect. This electricity can then be used to power electrical appliances, stored in batteries for later use, or fed into the electrical grid. Photovoltaic panels are a sustainable and renewable solution for energy production, thus reducing dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] The orientation of photovoltaic panels is crucial to maximizing their efficiency. To capture the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day, the panels must be optimally oriented relative to the sun's path. In the Northern Hemisphere, this generally means a south-facing orientation, as this allows the panels to receive the most direct sunlight possible. The tilt of the panels, which depend on latitude, must also be adjusted to optimize the angle of incidence of the sun's rays, thus maximizing electricity production.

[0004] The importance of this orientation lies in the fact that the amount of solar energy captured varies with the angle and position of the sun in the sky. Incorrect orientation or tilt of the panels can significantly reduce their energy output, as they will not receive enough direct sunlight. By optimizing the orientation and tilt of the photovoltaic panel, maximum absorption of solar energy is ensured throughout the year, including during seasons when the sun is lower in the sky. This guarantees stable and efficient electricity production, making the installation of photovoltaic panels more effective and cost-efficient.

[0005] Photovoltaic panels can be installed on various types of surfaces, each with its own specific requirements regarding tilt. Therefore, different installation scenarios must be considered for a photovoltaic panel depending on the type of surface on which it is installed.

[0006] A photovoltaic panel is, for example, installed on one of the surfaces listed below, the surface having a specific angle relative to the ground:

[0007] • A pitched roof, this type of installation being common in residential buildings and often well-suited for photovoltaic systems. The roof's pitch largely determines the angle of the panels. Generally, pitched roofs have a slope of 15 to 45 degrees. The optimal angle for the panels is close to the roof's pitch, often adjusted slightly to optimize production according to latitude.

[0008] • A flat roof, used for example for commercial, industrial and residential buildings. On these flat roofs, the panels are generally mounted on structures that tilt them at approximately 10 to 15 degrees.

[0009] • Directly on the ground, for example for photovoltaic power plants, generally installed in undeveloped areas, industrial wastelands or on agricultural land. The panels are mounted on inclined structures generally between 20 and 30 degrees, depending on the latitude and local conditions.

[0010] • On building facades, the panels are, for example, integrated directly into the building facades. The surface area is then often vertical or close to vertical (90 degrees). This configuration is less optimal in terms of energy production compared to rooftops, but it can be useful in high-density urban areas.

[0011] • On transport infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, metro or train stations. The inclination of the landing surface varies depending on the specific structure.

[0012] The optimal tilt of a photovoltaic panel relative to a horizontal plane also depends on the latitude at which the photovoltaic panel is installed. Therefore, the optimal orientation of a photovoltaic panel based on its latitude follows these recommendations: • a tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel of 10 to 20° for a low latitude, i.e. between 0 and 23.5°; • an angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel close to the inclination of the latitude of the installation site for a latitude between 23.5 and 50°; • an angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel greater than the inclination of the latitude of the installation site for a latitude greater than 50°, so as to maximize the exposure of the photovoltaic panel during the winter months when the sun is low on the horizon.

[0013] It is therefore essential to follow these recommended tilt angles to optimize the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, regardless of the surface area. Additionally, the orientation of the photovoltaic panel should be adjusted according to the seasons.

[0014] The photovoltaic panel support structures described in the following documents are known: FR3112912; US9166525; CN214315144; CN209389991; US2024 / 0007043; CN113595486; CN 112046326; FR3079090; US8176693; FR3056363; US9553544; and CN115913077. These photovoltaic panel support structures comprise a base that is fixed to a receiving surface, for example, one of those mentioned above, and a movable frame that pivots relative to the base, a device adjustment allowing the mobile frame to be fixed relative to the base according to two or more angular positions. Summary of the present invention

[0015] The present invention addresses the technological background problems described above by designing a photovoltaic panel support structure that allows a photovoltaic panel to be mounted on various types of supports with different orientations, while also allowing optimal adjustment of the panel's tilt relative to the vertical, thus enabling optimal use of the photovoltaic panel. Compared to existing solutions described in the aforementioned prior documents, this photovoltaic panel support structure is simple in design, easy to use, and readily adaptable to allow for adjustments to the angular position between the base and the mobile frame in more than two positions.

[0016] To this end, the invention relates firstly to a photovoltaic panel support structure, which comprises: - a base defining a reference plane, the base being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a mobile frame defining an assembly plan, the mobile frame being configured to accommodate the photovoltaic panel; - a first pivot joint arranged between the mobile frame and the base to mount the mobile frame in rotation around a first axis on the base, the first axis being parallel to the reference and mounting planes; and - a locking device arranged between the mobile frame and the base, the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame relative to the base according to at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane and the mounting plane. Furthermore, according to the invention, the locking device comprises: - a stabilizing system comprising a first interface for connection with the mobile frame and a second interface for connection with the base, the first and second interfaces being separated by a length defining one of at least two angular positions, the stabilizing system being configured to modify said length to select one or the other of the at least two angular positions, - a first locking mechanism attached to the base and comprising a second remote connection element from the first axis and configured to receive the second interface; - a second locking member, a link being arranged between the second locking member and the first locking member to move the second locking member into a locked position or into an unlocked position, the second locking member being configured to: • in the locked position, block the second interface in the second receiving connection element, and • in the unlocked position, release said second interface from the second receiving connection element.

[0017] This type of structure allows for adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel for any surface, with the mounting surface defining the surface of the support onto which the base is fixed. The locking mechanism secures the structure in various adjustment positions, preventing any unwanted changes to the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel, which is defined by the angle between the reference plane and the mounting surface.

[0018] According to a first advantageous embodiment of the structure, the stabilizing system comprises at least two elongated stabilizing members, the first interface comprising a pivot joint mounting of the stabilizing members on the mobile frame along second axes parallel to the first axis, each stabilizing member comprising at a distal end of the second axis associated with it a first connecting element corresponding to the second interface, each distance separating a second axis from a first connecting element associated with a stabilizing member being unique, the length defining one of the at least two angular positions being defined by one of the distances along the first connecting element received by the second connecting element.

[0019] The plurality of stabilizing elements allows a user to easily adjust the tilt angle by selecting one of the stabilizing elements according to its length defined by the distance separating the second axis associated with this stabilizing element from the first connection element associated with this same stabilizing element.

[0020] According to a second advantageous embodiment of the structure, the stabilizing system comprises a stabilizing member of elongated shape configured to vary its elongation, the first interface comprising a pivot joint mounting of the stabilizing member on the mobile frame along a second axis parallel to the first axis, the stabilizing member comprising at a distal end of the second axis a first connecting element corresponding to the second interface, the length defining one of the at least two angular positions being defined by a distance separating the second axis from the first connecting element, the distance being a function of the elongation.

[0021] A user is thus able to easily adjust the tilt by playing with the length of the stabilizing element, increasing the tilt, for example, when increasing the length of the stabilizing element or lengthening it, and conversely, decreasing the tilt when decreasing the length of the stabilizing element or shortening it.

[0022] According to an advantageous embodiment, the mobile frame includes a third connecting element, which is configured to insert into the second connecting element when the reference and mounting planes form a minimal angle, the third connecting element being locked in the second connecting element when the second locking member is in the locked position and free to be removed from the second connecting element when the second locking member is in the unlocked position.

[0023] The third connection element allows for an additional orientation of the photovoltaic panel in which the reference and mounting planes are as close as possible, or even parallel. This configuration facilitates transport of the structure, as it is folded, while maintaining it in this position, preventing any risk of opening the angle formed between the reference and mounting planes, as well as any risk of... collision between different elements of the structure. Moreover, such a construction allows for the sharing of a structural element, here the second connecting element, which can receive either the first or the third connecting element.

[0024] In an advantageous embodiment, the second locking element includes a pull tab configured to allow manipulation of the second locking element by a user. The pull tab thus allows the user to easily move the second locking element to lock or release the first and / or third connecting element during an operation to adjust the tilt of the photovoltaic panel.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment of the structure of the invention, the first locking member defines a third axis that is not parallel to the first axis. Furthermore, the connection between the second locking member and the first locking member is a sliding joint configured to translate said second locking member along the third axis into the locked or unlocked position. An alternative embodiment is nevertheless possible with a pivot joint configured to pivot said second locking member, about a pivot axis, into the locked or unlocked position.

[0026] Preferably, according to this preferred embodiment, the third axis is parallel to the reference plane and normal to the first axis.

[0027] Preferably, according to this preferred embodiment, the first locking member comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis, the second connecting element comprising a notch, the first connecting element comprising a rod configured to engage in the notch, the second locking member comprising a latch extending along the third axis and mounted as a slide along the third axis relative to the profile, the latch comprising a finger configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position. Such elements can thus be made using various components such as sheet metal and / or profiles, thereby enabling large-scale, industrialized production of elements that are both reproducible and cost-effective.

[0028] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a return element configured to bring the second locking member to the locked position. Thus, when the user has finished adjusting the tilt of the photovoltaic panel by adjusting the angle between the base and the mobile frame, the locking is effective again without further operation, the second locking member automatically returning to the locked position.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment, the stabilizing element(s) are each formed from a rod with a circular cross-section. Such a rod is particularly easy to manufacture and economical.

[0030] In an advantageous embodiment, the base comprises openings leading to a bearing surface, the bearing surface being parallel to the reference plane, the openings being configured to allow the passage of fastening elements. The base can thus be fixed securely to the receiving surface, for example by means of screws or bolts.

[0031] In an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a ballast element configured to be attached to the base. This ballast element allows the structure to be placed on the ground without the use of fasteners that could damage the surface. The structure is thus easily movable.

[0032] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure comprises at least one retaining element arranged on a rear face of the photovoltaic panel, this at least one retaining element being configured to hold a stabilizing member in a plane parallel to the foreground by receiving a first connection element not received in the second connection element. Thus, the unused stabilizing member(s) are held in a predetermined position, facilitating both the transport of the structure and the handling of one of the stabilizing members, the other stabilizing members being held, where applicable, outside the handling area of ​​the stabilizing member received in the second connection element.

[0033] According to an advantageous embodiment, the base comprises at least one fourth connecting element and the mobile frame comprises at least one fifth connecting element, at least one fourth connecting element and at least one fifth The connecting elements are complementary and configured to removably mount and lock the mobile frame onto the base, forming the first pivot joint along the first axis during assembly. This design allows the user to assemble the structure and disassemble it for easier transport. Other embodiments could be considered with a permanent pivot joint along the first axis between the mobile frame and the base, in which case the mobile frame and the base would remain connected at the first pivot joint.

[0034] The invention also relates to a photovoltaic installation comprising the structure according to any of the previously stated embodiments and a photovoltaic panel fixed to the mobile frame.

[0035] In an advantageous embodiment, the photovoltaic installation includes an inverter electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel. The inverter is then sized according to, in particular, the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic panel.

[0036] Thus, thanks to all the functional and structural technical characteristics of the present invention, we have a solid photovoltaic panel support structure, or even a photovoltaic installation, suitable for installation on different surfaces with varying inclinations and easy to handle, allowing the inclination of the photovoltaic panel to be adjusted optimally regardless of the season. Brief description of the figures

[0037] The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description below, with reference to the attached Figures 1 to 12, which illustrate various embodiments without being limiting in any way and on which: - [Fig.1] represents a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention in an open configuration, according to a first embodiment; - [Fig.2] represents a second perspective view of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig.3] represents an exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in figure 1; - [Fig.4] represents a perspective view of part of the base of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig.5] represents a second perspective view of part of the base of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig.6] represents a perspective view of part of the locking device of a photovoltaic installation according to the present invention in a folded configuration, according to the first embodiment; - [Fig.7] represents a cross-sectional view of the part of the locking device shown in Figure 6; - [Fig.8] represents a perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of figure 1 including a ballast; - [Fig.9] represents a view from below of the ballast element of figure 8; - [Fig.10] represents a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention in a first angular position of an open configuration and, according to a second embodiment; - Figure 11 represents a second perspective view of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 10 in a second angular position; and - Fig. 12 represents a cross-sectional view of a stabilizing element of the locking device of Figure 10 in a third angular position. Description of examples of achievements

[0038] Examples of photovoltaic installations will now be described with reference to Figures 1 to 9. Figures 1 to 9 show a photovoltaic installation according to a first embodiment, which is defined by a number of stabilizing devices greater than or equal to two, while Figures 10 to 12 show an installation photovoltaic according to a second embodiment, which is defined by a stabilizing element with variable or extensible geometry.

[0039] Figures 1 and 2 represent perspective views of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention in an open configuration and according to a first embodiment.

[0040] The photovoltaic panel support structure 1 comprises a base 10 defining a reference plane PO, the base 10 being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface (not shown) whose inclination with respect to a vertical axis can be varied, the receiving surface being a support such as the ground, a terrace, a vertical wall, a sloping wall, a pitched roof or a flat roof. To this end, the base 10 includes, as illustrated in Figure 1, openings 104 leading to a bearing surface 103 allowing the passage of fasteners such as screws or bolts for fixing to the support, the bearing surface 103 under the base 10 bearing against the receiving surface. The reference plane PO is then defined by the support surface 103. It should be noted that other means of fixing are also conceivable such as, for example, flanges allowing the base 10 to be pressed against the support.The base 10 can consist of several pieces, assembled together or not and fixed to the receiving surface, or of a single piece fixed to the receiving surface.

[0041] The base 10 further includes means for receiving a movable frame 11, which is configured to receive a photovoltaic panel 100 and defines a mounting plane P1. The mounting plane P1 may, for example, coincide with the functional surface of the photovoltaic panel, i.e., the surface along which the photovoltaic cells are arranged, or a corresponding mean plane if the latter is not flat. According to a particular embodiment, openings 108, illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, are made in two distinct locations to receive, respectively, a first hinge 11b and a second hinge 11c arranged on the movable frame 11 to form a pivot joint between the base 10 and the movable frame 11. The relative position of the two openings 108 defines a first axis A1 of rotation of the movable frame 11 around the base 10. The base 10 includes for example a part extending longitudinally and connecting the two openings 108, Figure 1 representing in particular this part as a U, the openings 108 being made in the folded parts of this U. These openings 108 are preferably in the form of notches. In particular, fins 106 are arranged on the base 10 and mounted in translation on the latter by means of, for example, two pins inserted in oblong-shaped housings, so as to close the openings 108, thus allowing the first and second hinges 11b, 11c to be locked in the openings 108 once the mobile frame is assembled on the base 10. Optionally, return elements such as springs 107 are positioned between the base 10 and each fin 106 in order to return each fin 106 to its locking position, thus ensuring that the first and second hinges 11b, 11c are held securely in position.The first and second hinges 11b, 11c are additional elements mounted on the mobile frame 11, for example, fixed by crimping or screwing. Thus, the base 10 comprises two fourth connecting elements, each comprising a fin 106, a spring 107, and an opening 108 made in the base 10, and the mobile frame 11 comprises two fifth connecting elements, each comprising a hinge 11b, 11c. The fourth and fifth connecting elements are complementary and configured to mount and removably lock the mobile frame 11 onto the base 10, forming the first pivot connection along the first axis A1 during assembly.According to other embodiment examples, it is possible to make them in a single element, or to integrate them directly into the main body of the mobile frame 11, for example via machining or by using a main body of the mobile frame 11 made of a thermoplastic material and obtained by molding.

[0042] Thus, the base 10 comprises two fourth connecting elements consisting of sub-assemblies including the fins 106, the springs 107 and the openings 108, and the mobile frame 11 comprises two fifth connecting elements respectively consisting of the first hinge 11b and the second hinge 11c, these fourth and fifth connecting elements being complementary and configured to mount and removably lock the frame mobile 11 on the base 10 by constituting the first pivot link along the first axis A1 during the assembly of the structure 1.

[0043] According to this example, the mobile frame 11 includes a frame 11a, which is configured to receive a photovoltaic panel 100. In an alternative embodiment, this frame 11a can be an integral part of the photovoltaic panel 100. The frame 11a has, for example, a receiving surface suitable for supporting the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100. Note that the functional surface of the photovoltaic panel 100, i.e., the surface containing the photovoltaic cells, is the upper face of the photovoltaic panel 100, i.e., the face opposite the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100. The frame 11a is, for example, made from metal angle brackets, which are butted, welded, or bent at several points corresponding to the corners of the frame 11a, at right angles.

[0044] It should be noted that the first axis A1 is parallel to both the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1. Rotating the mobile frame 11 relative to the base 10 around this first axis A1 causes the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 to vary linearly. To adjust this angle between these two planes, a locking device is arranged between the mobile frame 11 and the base 10. This locking device is configured to stabilize the mobile frame 11 relative to the base 10 at at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1.

[0045] The locking device includes in particular a stabilizing system 120 configured to maintain the mobile frame 11 in different positions relative to the base 10. The stabilizing system thus includes a first interface for connection with the mobile frame 11 and a second interface for connection with the base 10, the first and second interfaces being separated by a length defining one of the at least two angular positions, the stabilizing system 120 being configured to modify the length to select one or the other of the at least two angular positions.

[0046] According to the first embodiment, the stabilizing system 120 of the locking device comprises at least two elongated stabilizing elements 12, These three stabilizing elements are included in this particular embodiment. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to a photovoltaic panel support structure 1 comprising three stabilizing elements. The number of stabilizing elements is defined, for example, to offer maximum adjustment range while maintaining an affordable and lightweight product. Thus, the number of stabilizing elements can be 2, 3, 4, 5, or more than 5, according to this first embodiment. However, it is necessary to ensure technical feasibility for a large number of rods, as sufficient space must be available within the frame 11a to accommodate the elements that receive these stabilizing elements 12.

[0047] To this end, the stabilizing elements 12 are connected to the frame 11a by their ends 12a, 12b, which, as illustrated in Figure 3 showing an exploded view of the photovoltaic installation 1, are cylindrical and fit into openings 111a, 111b arranged in the frame 11a so as to create a pivot-type connection between each stabilizing element 12 and the mobile frame 11, thus corresponding to the first interface. Each stabilizing element 12 is therefore mounted to rotate around a second axis A2 on the mobile frame 11, each second axis A2 being associated with a stabilizing element 12.The orifices 111a, 111b arranged in the frame 11a so as to obtain a pair of orifices 111a, 111b arranged at the same distance from the first axis A1, each orifice 111a, 111b of this pair of orifices receiving a distinct end 12a, 12b of the same stabilizing member 12 so as to dispose the second axis A2 associated with the stabilizing member 12 parallel to the first axis A1.

[0048] According to other embodiments, the connection between a stabilizing element 12 and the mobile frame 11 is made using additional parts, for example using shoes, hinges or bearings.

[0049] The openings 111a, 111b are located at a distance from the first axis A1 and, preferably, as far away from the first axis A1 as possible in order to obtain a large distance separating a second axis A2 from the first axis A1. Thus, according to the illustrated example, the openings 111a, 111b are positioned on a portion of the frame 11a distal to the first axis A1. These openings are, in particular, aligned and regularly spaced so as to define the second axes A2 parallel and coplanar, with a constant distance separating two consecutive second axes A2.

[0050] Each stabilizing element 12 describes a V-shape whose extremities correspond to the previously presented extremities 12a, 12b, and whose distal central portion of these extremities, and therefore of the second axis A2, defines a first connecting element 121 corresponding to the second interface. Each stabilizing element 12 is of a different size and, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, the width of a stabilizing element, i.e., the distance separating its two extremities 12a, 12b, is equal for assembly reasons with the frame 11a, which has flat and parallel portions on which the openings 111a, 111b are arranged to receive the extremities 12a, 12b of the stabilizing element. The height of each stabilizing member 12 is different, that is to say the distance between the second axis A2 associated with a stabilizing member 12 and the first connecting element 121 of that stabilizing member 12 varies from one stabilizing member 12 to another.By assembling the stabilizing elements 12 from largest to smallest away from the first axis A1, we obtain stabilizing elements 12 mounted in series from smallest to largest and able to rotate freely around their axis of rotation, the second axis A2. Indeed, by arranging them in this way, the stabilizing elements 12 do not collide with each other.

[0051] According to another specific embodiment not shown, the stabilizing members 12 have different widths and are, for example, mounted for rotation about the same second axis A2. In other words, the second axes A2 associated with the different stabilizing members coincide. The connection between the stabilizing members 12 and the movable frame 11 is then achieved using additional elements, for example, a single shaft with the second axis A2 as its axis, on which hollow cylinders connected to the ends of the stabilizing members 12 are mounted. In other words, the stabilizing members 12 are connected to the movable frame 11 via coaxial bearings arranged along the second axis A2.

[0052] The positions of the orifices 111a, 111b, as well as the heights of the stabilizing elements 12, are important. Indeed, the main constraint is to obtain the two parallel axes A1, A2, and allow adjustment of the angle of inclination of the mounting plane P1 relative to the reference plane PO. As illustrated in Figure 2, this angle, denoted a, varies according to: • the relative position of the hinges 11b, 11c on the base 10, therefore the position of the first axis A1, • of the relative position of the orifices 111a, 111b on the upright of the mobile frame 11, therefore of the position of the second axis A2 with respect to the first axis A1, a first length Li separating the first axis A1 from the second axis A2, a plurality of positions being defined by the plurality of stabilizing members 12, that is to say that the first length Li is different for each stabilizing member 12 considered, • of a height of the stabilizer 12 under consideration, this second length being denoted L2, and corresponding to the distance separating the second axis A2 from a fourth axis A4 associated with the first connection element 121 of the stabilizer 12 under consideration, this distance being unique and different for each stabilizer 12, and • of a position of the first connection element 121 of the stabilizer organ 12 considered, the distance between this position corresponding to the position of the fourth axis A4 and that of the first axis A1, this third length being noted L3.

[0053] Thus, to define the angle of inclination a of the mounting plane P1 with respect to the reference plane PO, it is necessary to select a stabilizing element 12, which defines the first and second lengths L1 and L2, and then to know the third length L3.

[0054] To this end, the distal end of the stabilizing member 12 of the second axis A2, here constituted by the middle portion of the stabilizing member 12, includes a first connecting element 121. In order to position this end relative to the base 10 and thus define the angle α between the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1 associated with this stabilizing member 12, a first locking member 101 integral with the base 10 includes a second connecting element 102, complementary to the first connecting elements 121, arranged at a distance from the axis A1, this distance corresponding to the third length L3, and configured to receive a first connecting element 121 from among the set of the first connecting elements 121 associated to the stabilizing organs 12. The third length L3 is in particular defined according to a third axis A3 normal to the first axis A1 and parallel to the reference plane PO.

[0055] In other words, the first locking member 101 attached to the base 10 extends along the third axis A3 not parallel to the first axis A1 and includes a second connection element 102 complementary to the first connection elements 121 and configured to receive either of the first connection elements 121.

[0056] Depending on the stabilizing element 12 used, i.e., depending on the first connecting element 121 positioned within the second connecting element 102, the angle α between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 varies. A configuration is defined for each stabilizing element 12 used, each configuration having a different angle α. According to this particular embodiment, the value of angle α is, for example, equal to: • 0° when none of the stabilizing elements 12 are used, i.e. when the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1 are parallel, this position corresponding to a “folded configuration”, • 30° when the shortest stabilizing element 12 is used, • 45° when the intermediate-sized stabilizing element 12 is used, • 60° when the longest stabilizing element 12 is used. Obviously, other angle values ​​are conceivable by adjusting one of the three lengths L1, L2, L3 and the number of these values ​​is adjustable by changing the number of stabilizing elements 12. The positions for which the value of angle a is non-zero correspond to "open configurations".

[0057] Thus, according to the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, representative of the first embodiment, the photovoltaic installation has four possible tilt settings, three of which are defined according to the stabilizing element 12 used, that is to say, according to the first connection element 121 selected from the plurality of first connection elements 121 and engaged in the second connection element 102.

[0058] Figures 10 to 12 illustrate a second embodiment, in which the photovoltaic panel support structure 1 includes a single stabilizing element 12, still elongated in shape, configured to vary its elongation.

[0059] The first interface comprises a pivot joint mounting of the stabilizing member 12 on the movable frame 11 along a single second axis A2 parallel to the first axis A1, while the stabilizing member 12 includes, at a distal end of the second axis A2, a first connecting element 121 corresponding to the second interface. It should be noted that the first connecting element 121 is similar to a first connecting element presented according to the first embodiment. The length defining one of the at least two angular positions is then defined by a distance separating the second axis A2 from the first connecting element 121, this distance being a function of the elongation of the stabilizing member 12, which has a variable geometry.

[0060] According to the specific embodiment illustrated in Figures 10 to 12, the stabilizing member 12 comprises a V-shaped rod, its central portion corresponding to the first connecting element 121 extending along a fourth axis A4 parallel to the first and second axes A1 and A2, and flanked on either side by ends 122a extending symmetrically in directions different from the fourth axis A4. The two ends 122a are inserted into tubes 122b, thus forming a sliding joint or a sliding pivot joint when the rod and the tubes 122b have a circular cross-section. Indeed, the outer diameter of the rod, and therefore of the ends 122a, is notably smaller than the inner diameter of the tubes 122b, allowing the ends 122a to slide freely within the tubes 122b. The subassemblies comprising an end 122a and a tube 122b thus form jacks of variable length.Each tube is assembled onto the frame 11a of the mobile frame 11 by means of pivots 123 or ball joints and brackets 124 fixed to the frame 11a. Note that the rod is relatively flexible between the first connecting element 121 and each end 122a when the ends 122a do not extend along an axis normal to the fourth axis A4 so as to accommodate deformation of the rod when the ends 122a slide within the tubes 122b. Indeed, when a user changes the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 100 relative to the base 10, The angle between the ends 122a opens and closes according to the illustrated example. It would also be possible to consider a first connecting element 121 of variable width in order to compensate for the elongation or contraction of the stabilizing member 12, during the sliding of the two ends 122a of the rod relative to the tubes 122b.

[0061] In order to lock the angular position between the base 10 and the mobile frame 11, i.e. the relative position of the mounting plane P1 with respect to the reference plane PO, the relative movement of the ends 122a with respect to the tubes 122b corresponding to the sliding of the ends 122a in the tubes 122b is stopped by any means known to a person skilled in the art, for example by: - a locking mechanism achieved by rotating the tube 122b or the rod 122a around its axis, using appropriate joints of the moving part, one or more cams positioned between the tube 122b and the end 122a of the rod clamping the two elements together, or - a compression element for tube 122b such as a clamping lever or a chuck, or - the insertion of pins passing through open orifices arranged opposite each other in the ends 122a and the tubes 122b, each tube 122b or each end 122a then comprising several orifices allowing to define several elongations of the stabilizing system 120, - a spring-loaded strip associated with a push button arranged on each 122b tube, or - a valve or valve allowing the air to be trapped in the chamber of the cylinder thus constituted, a sealing gasket being arranged for example at the inlet of each tube 122b so as to fit the external surface of the end 122a of the rod to make the chamber of the cylinder airtight, the sliding of the rod in the tube 122b sucking in or expelling the air contained in this chamber when the valve is open and this same sliding being impossible when the valve maintains a constant volume of air in the chamber.

[0062] According to the specific embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 and in Figures 10 and 11, the first locking member 101 consists of a partially U-shaped profile open at the top and extending longitudinally along The third axis A3, the second connecting element 102, consists of notches arranged on the two vertical surfaces of the U at the same distance from the first axis A1; that is, the notches are identical in shape and are arranged to face each other, thus precisely defining the fourth axis A4 passing through them. Each stabilizing member 12 is a rod with a circular cross-section, consisting of a rod with a more or less V-shaped profile and a flattened apex in its middle section. This middle section constitutes the first connecting element 121 and is configured to engage in the notches of the second connecting element 102.

[0063] It should be noted that the notches of the second connecting element 102 are, according to these examples, made directly in the main body of the first locking element 101. However, it is possible, according to other embodiment examples, to provide a second connecting element 102 added to the main body of the first locking element 101, this second connecting element 102 being, for example, fixed to the main body of the first locking element 101 by screwing or crimping, thus saving material during the manufacture of the base 10 while allowing great flexibility in the realization of different variants of the photovoltaic installation.

[0064] To hold a first connecting element 121 within the second connecting element 102, the locking device includes a second locking member 13 positioned relative to the first locking member 101 to form a sliding connection between the second locking member 13 and the first locking member 101. The second locking member 13 then translates along the third axis A3, its stroke being defined between a locked position and an unlocked position. The second locking member 13 is thus configured to: • in the locked position, lock the first connecting element 121 into the second connecting element 102 receiving it, and • in the unlocked position, release the first connection element 121 from the second connection element 102 receiving it.

[0065] As illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, the second locking member 13 comprises a latch or bolt extending along the third axis A3 and mounted in a slide along the third axis A3 relative to the profile. The latch comprises two fingers 132 (only one of which is visible in the cross-sectional view) configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position at the level of the first connecting element 121 extending along the fourth axis A4. Thanks to the second locking member in the locked position, it is not possible to disengage the first connecting element 121 from the second connecting element 102 in which it is engaged, even by exerting a tensile force on the first connecting element 121, for example directly via the stabilizing member 12 or indirectly by moving the movable frame 11 away from the first locking member 101.Thus, neither gravity nor wind, for example, are able to disengage the first connection element 121 from the second connection element 102 and thus change the angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel 100 mounted on the mobile frame 11.

[0066] The sliding connection is made by axes 131 attached to the second locking member 13 moving in oblong openings 105 made in the first locking member 101 and extending along the third axis A3.

[0067] In order to slide or translate the second locking member 13 along the third axis A3, the second locking member includes a pull tab 133 configured to allow manipulation of the second locking member 13 by a user.

[0068] To prevent any unwanted movement of the second locking member 13 relative to the first locking member 101, a return element 14 is optionally added. This return element 14 maintains the second locking member 13 in the locked position and moves it towards the locked position. The return element 14 consists of a tension spring attached on one side to a first rod 109 fixed to the first locking member 101 and on the other side to a second rod corresponding to one of the axes 131 fixed to the second locking member 13. The second locking member 13 moves automatically from the unlocked to the locked position without user intervention.

[0069] As illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, 11 and 12, the structure 1 includes retaining elements 1002 arranged on the rear face 1001 of the mobile frame 11 or the photovoltaic panel 100. These retaining elements 1002 are configured to hold stabilizing members 12 in a plane parallel to the mounting plane P1 by receiving the first connection elements 121 not received in the second connection element 102. In other words, the structure 1 includes as many supports 1002 as stabilizing members 12, these retaining elements 1002 each receiving an unused stabilizing member 12, i.e. not used to orient the mounting plane P1 with respect to the reference plane PO. These retaining elements 1002, in the form of elastic hooks, thus receive a first connecting element 121 inserted by force into a retaining element 1002 when this first connecting element 121 is not received by the second connecting element 102.A stabilizing element 12, the first connection element 121 of which is inserted into or received by a retaining element 1002, is then attached to the mobile frame 11, the stabilizing element being on one side anchored in the frame 11a which is integral with the mobile frame 11 and on the other side immobilized in relation to the photovoltaic panel 100 which is also integral with the mobile frame 11.

[0070] Thanks to these retaining elements 1002, the stabilizing elements 12 are kept away from the photovoltaic panel 100 so as to avoid any collision between the stabilizing element 12 and the photovoltaic panel 100.

[0071] Figures 6 and 7 represent part of the locking device of a photovoltaic installation according to the present invention in a folded configuration, according to a particular embodiment, which is representative of the first embodiment but whose principle is also applicable to the second embodiment.

[0072] The mobile frame 11 includes a third connecting element 112, which is configured to insert into the second connecting element 102 when the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1 form a minimal angle α, i.e., when the second connecting element 102 receives the third connecting element 112 in the The previously presented folded configuration. The third connection element 112 is then locked in the second connection element 102 when the second locking member 13 is in the locked position and free to be removed from the second connection element 102 when the second locking member 13 is in the unlocked position.

[0073] This technical solution has the advantage of sharing the second locking element 102 across all configurations, as the second locking element 102 is used in both the open and folded configurations. For this to work, the third connecting element 112 must, for example, be designed to have the same functional surfaces as the first connecting element 121, for instance, by making a rod with the same outside diameter and sufficient width to fit into the notches.

[0074] Thus, the folded configuration is ideal for transporting the photovoltaic installation, as it is in a compact folded position and its various components are immobilized relative to each other. Keeping the stabilizing element 12 away from the photovoltaic panel 100 prevents damage to the photovoltaic panel 100 in the event of impacts between it and the stabilizing element 12, which is important because the back face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel is often very fragile. Meanwhile, the mobile frame 11 is immobilized relative to the base 10 by the second locking element 102 attached to the base 10, which receives the third connection element 112 attached to the mobile frame 11.

[0075] This folded configuration is also particularly suitable for dealing with inclement weather, especially in the event of strong winds, as the photovoltaic panel 100 is brought as close as possible to the surface on which structure 1 is installed in order to limit its wind resistance.

[0076] Optionally, in order to be able to place the solar installation on the ground for example, without fixing it to the support, a ballast element 17 is added to the structure 1.

[0077] Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the photovoltaic system of Figure 1, which includes such a ballast element 17. The ballast element 17 is specifically configured to conform to the shape of the base 10 of the structure 1 and enclose it. The base 10 is thus positioned between the ground or the receiving surface and the ballast element 17. The ballast element 17 is, for example, made of a high-density solid material, such as metal, concrete, or a high-density composite. In other variations, it consists of a casing filled with another material, such as water or sand, allowing a photovoltaic system installer to easily transport the empty, and therefore lightweight, ballast element 17 and then fill it with this other material once installed.

[0078] Figure 9 shows a bottom view of the ballast element 17 of Figure 8, according to a particular embodiment. The ballast element 17 includes pads 174 positioned on its rear face, which allow, for example, runoff water to pass under the ballast element 17 via grooves 172. The number and arrangement of the pads 174 is determined so as, for example, to avoid damaging or puncturing a second support on which the ballast element 17 rests, for example, to avoid perforating a waterproofing membrane installed on a roof terrace.

[0079] Incidentally, the 172 grooves allow the passage of an electrical cable, which allows the photovoltaic installation to be electrically connected to an electrical network.

[0080] Second grooves 173 allow the insertion of the base 10 between the pads 174, the second grooves 173 thus fitting the outer surfaces of the base 10, the depth of these second grooves 173 being defined for example so as to minimize a functional gap between the receiving surface receiving both the base 10 and the ballast element 17, corresponding in particular to the bearing surface 103, and the upper surface of the base 10 opposite the bearing surface 103, this distance corresponding according to this example to the thickness of the profile.

[0081] According to another variant not shown, the rear face of the ballast element 17 does not include the grooves 172 in order to maximize the bearing surface of the ballast element 17 on a support.

[0082] The ballast element 17 also includes a cavity 171, which is designed to allow the insertion of an inverter 200, which is visible in figures 1 to 3. Indeed, according to the particular embodiment illustrated in particular in figure 1, the photovoltaic installation includes the structure 1, a photovoltaic panel 100 fixed to the mobile frame 11 of the structure 1 and an inverter 200 electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 100, for example via a junction box (not shown).

[0083] The junction box is for example glued to the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100, is connected in input to the photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic panel 100 and is connected in output to the inverter 200 via two electrical wires, the two electrical wires being traversed by a direct current when the photovoltaic panel receives solar radiation on its functional surface equipped with photovoltaic cells.

[0084] The 200 inverter, for example, is a micro-inverter configured to be connected to the 100 photovoltaic panel via the junction box. Optionally, the 200 inverter can also be connected to other photovoltaic installations of the same type, which do not have a 200 inverter; the 200 inverter is shared between several adjacent photovoltaic installations, for example.

[0085] The inverter 200 is for example fixed to the base 10 by means of fixing elements, for example via holes allowing the passage of fixing screws for example, the holes being made in the base 10 (not shown).

[0086] Such a photovoltaic installation is therefore easy to install on various supports with different inclinations. The inclination of the photovoltaic panel in this installation is then easily adjustable, an angle between a reference plane associated with the base of the photovoltaic panel support structure and a mounting plane of the photovoltaic panel being defined using a simple, intuitive and secure adjustment method. A user is thus able to place such a photovoltaic installation on a support of their choice and adapt the photovoltaic panel support structure in order to ideally adjust the tilt of the photovoltaic panel according to the season for example.

[0087] The invention is not limited, however, to the configurations and embodiments described above, but extends to any photovoltaic installation equipped with a photovoltaic panel support structure as presented above.

[0088] It should be noted that this detailed description relates to a particular embodiment of the present invention, but in no way does this description limit the scope of the invention; on the contrary, its purpose is to remove any possible inaccuracy or misinterpretation of the following claims.

[0089] It should also be noted that the reference signs placed in parentheses in the following claims are in no way intended to be limiting; these signs are solely intended to improve the intelligibility and understanding of the following claims and the scope of the protection sought.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. Photovoltaic panel support structure (1), which includes: - a base (10) defining a reference plane (PO), the base (10) being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a mobile frame (11) defining a mounting plan (P1), the mobile frame being configured to accommodate the photovoltaic panel (100); - a first pivot joint arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the base (10) to mount the mobile frame (11) on the base (10) in rotation around a first axis (A1), the first axis (A1) being parallel to the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (P1); and - a locking device arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the base (10), the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame (11) relative to the base (10) in at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane (PO) and the mounting plane (P1); the structure (1) being characterized in that the locking device comprises: - a stabilizing system (120) comprising a first interface for connection with the mobile frame (11) and a second interface for connection with the base (10), the first and second interfaces being separated by a length defining one of at least two angular positions, the stabilizing system (120) being configured to modify said length to select one or the other of the at least two angular positions, - a first locking member (101) attached to the base (10) and comprising a second connection element (102) located away from the first axis (A1) and configured to receive said second interface; - a second locking member (13), a link being arranged between the second locking member (13) and the first locking member (101) to move said second locking member (13) into a locked position or into an unlocked position, said second locking member (13) being configured to: • in the locked position, block said second interface in the second receiving connection element (102), and • in the unlocked position, release said second interface from the second connection element (102) receiving it.

2. Structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizing system (120) comprises at least two elongated stabilizing members (12), said first interface comprising a pivot joint mounting of the stabilizing members (12) on the movable frame (11) along second axes (A2) parallel to the first axis (A1), each stabilizing member (12) comprising at a distal end of the second axis (A2) associated with it a first connecting element (121) corresponding to said second interface, each distance separating a second axis (A2) from a first connecting element (121) associated with a stabilizing member (12) being unique, said length being defined by one of said distances along the first connecting element (121) received by the second connecting element (102).

3. Structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizing system (120) comprises a stabilizing member (12) of elongated shape and configured to vary its elongation, said first interface comprising a pivot joint mounting of said stabilizing member (12) on the movable frame (11) along a second axis (A2) parallel to the first axis (A1), said stabilizing member (12) comprising at a distal end of the second axis (A2) a first connecting element (121) corresponding to said second interface, said length being defined by a distance separating the second axis (A2) from the first connecting element (121), said distance being a function of the elongation.

4. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the movable frame (11) comprises a third connecting element (112), which is configured to fit into the second connecting element (102) when the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (P1) form a minimum angle, the third connecting element (112) being locked in the second connecting element (102) when the second locking member (13) is in the locking position and free to be removed from the second connecting element (102) when the second locking member (13) is in the unlocking position.

5. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first locking member (101) defines a third axis (A3) not parallel to the first axis (A1), the connection arranged between the second locking member (13) and the first locking member (101) being a sliding connection configured to translate said second locking member (13) along the third axis (A3) into the locking position or into the unlocking position.

6. Structure (1) according to claim 5, wherein the third axis (A3) is parallel to the reference plane (PO) and normal to the first axis (A1).

7. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the first locking member (101) comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis (A3), the second connecting member (102) comprising a notch, the first connecting member (121) comprising a rod configured to engage in the notch, the second locking member (13) comprising a latch extending along the third axis (A3) and mounted in a slide along said third axis (A3) relative to the profile, the latch comprising a finger (132) configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position.

8. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second locking member (13) comprises a pull tab (133) configured to permit manipulation of the second locking member (13) by a user.

9. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which includes a return element (14) configured to bring the second locking member (13) to the locking position.

10. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 2 or 3 or according to any one of claims 4 to 9 depending on any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein each stabilizing member (12) is formed of a rod of circular section.

11. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the base (10) comprises orifices (104) opening onto a bearing surface (103), the bearing surface (103) being parallel to the reference plane (PO), said orifices (104) being configured to allow the passage of fastening elements.

12. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which includes a ballast element (17) configured to be attached to the base (10).

13. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 2 or 3 or according to any one of claims 4 to 11 depending on any one of claims 2 or 3, which comprises at least one retaining element (1002) arranged on a rear face (1001) of the movable frame (11), the at least one retaining element (1002) being configured to hold a stabilizing member (12) in a plane parallel to the first plane (P1) by receiving a first connection element (121) not received in the second connection element (102).

14. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the base (10) comprises at least one fourth connecting element (106, 107, 108) and the mobile frame (11) comprises at least one fifth connecting element (11b, 11c), the at least one fourth connecting element and the at least one fifth connecting element being complementary and configured to mount and removably lock the mobile frame (11) onto the base (10) by constituting said first pivot connection along the first axis (A1), during said mounting.

15. Photovoltaic installation comprising the structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and a photovoltaic panel (100) fixed to the mobile frame (11).

16. Installation according to claim 15, which includes an inverter (200) electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel (100).

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