Photovoltaic panel structure comprising a device for adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel and a locking device

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic panel support structure (1) comprising a base (10) defining a reference plane (PO) and a movable frame (11) receiving the photovoltaic panel (100) and defining a mounting plane (P1), the movable frame being rotatably mounted about a first axis (A1) on the base. The structure also comprises a locking device which is arranged between the movable frame and the base in order to stabilise the movable frame with respect to the base in at least two separate positions, which locking device comprises a stabilising member (12) comprising a first connecting element (121) which is accommodated in various connecting elements (102) of the base that are more or less distant from the first axis. A second locking member (13) is configured to engage, when in a locking position, concomitantly on the first locking member and a first connecting element receiving same, in order to keep them locked in position.

Description

DESCRIPTION Title: Photovoltaic panel structure including a photovoltaic panel orientation adjustment device and a locking device. technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panels or solar panels, and more particularly to a photovoltaic panel support structure that allows the panel's tilt to be adjusted in order to optimize sunlight exposure at various times of the year, for example, throughout the four seasons, and / or to be installed on various supports with different tilt angles, such as on a wall, on the ground, or on a roof. The present invention also relates to a photovoltaic installation comprising this type of support structure and a photovoltaic panel. Technological background

[0002] A photovoltaic panel converts solar energy into electricity. It is composed of photovoltaic cells that capture photons from sunlight and generate an electric current through the photovoltaic effect. This electricity can then be used to power electrical appliances, stored in batteries for later use, or fed into the electrical grid. Photovoltaic panels are a sustainable and renewable solution for energy production, thus reducing dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] The orientation of photovoltaic panels is crucial to maximizing their efficiency. To capture the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day, the panels must be optimally oriented relative to the sun's path. In the Northern Hemisphere, this generally means a south-facing orientation, as this allows the panels to receive the most direct sunlight possible. The tilt of the panels, which depend on latitude, must also be adjusted to optimize the angle of incidence of the sun's rays, thus maximizing electricity production.

[0004] The importance of this orientation lies in the fact that the amount of solar energy captured varies with the angle and position of the sun in the sky. Incorrect orientation or tilt of the panels can significantly reduce their energy output, as they will not receive enough direct sunlight. By optimizing the orientation and tilt of the photovoltaic panel, maximum absorption of solar energy is ensured throughout the year, including during seasons when the sun is lower in the sky. This guarantees stable and efficient electricity production, making the installation of photovoltaic panels more effective and cost-efficient.

[0005] Photovoltaic panels can be installed on various types of surfaces, each with its own specific requirements regarding tilt. Therefore, different installation scenarios must be considered for a photovoltaic panel depending on the type of surface on which it is installed.

[0006] A photovoltaic panel is, for example, installed on one of the surfaces listed below, the surface having a specific angle relative to the ground:

[0007] • A pitched roof, this type of installation being common in residential buildings and often well-suited for photovoltaic systems. The roof's pitch largely determines the angle of the panels. Generally, pitched roofs have a slope of 15 to 45 degrees. The optimal angle for the panels is close to the roof's pitch, often adjusted slightly to optimize production according to latitude.

[0008] • A flat roof, used for example for commercial, industrial and residential buildings. On these flat roofs, the panels are generally mounted on structures that tilt them at approximately 10 to 15 degrees.

[0009] • Directly on the ground, for example for photovoltaic power plants, generally installed in undeveloped areas, industrial wastelands or on agricultural land. The panels are mounted on inclined structures generally between 20 and 30 degrees, depending on the latitude and local conditions.

[0010] • On building facades, the panels are, for example, integrated directly into the building facades. The surface area is then often vertical or close to vertical (90 degrees). This configuration is less optimal in terms of energy production compared to rooftops, but it can be useful in high-density urban areas.

[0011] • On transport infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, metro or train stations. The inclination of the landing surface varies depending on the specific structure.

[0012] The optimal tilt of a photovoltaic panel relative to a horizontal plane also depends on the latitude at which the photovoltaic panel is installed. Therefore, the optimal orientation of a photovoltaic panel based on its latitude follows these recommendations: • a tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel of 10 to 20° for a low latitude, i.e. between 0 and 23.5°; • an angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel close to the inclination of the latitude of the installation site for a latitude between 23.5 and 50°; • an angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel greater than the inclination of the latitude of the installation site for a latitude greater than 50°, so as to maximize the exposure of the photovoltaic panel during the winter months when the sun is low on the horizon.

[0013] It is therefore essential to follow these recommended tilt angles to optimize the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, regardless of the surface area. Additionally, the orientation of the photovoltaic panel should be adjusted according to the seasons.

[0014] The photovoltaic panel support structures described in the following documents are known: FR3112912; US9166525; CN214315144; CN209389991; US2024 / 0007043; CN113595486; CN 112046326; FR3079090; US8176693; FR3056363; US9553544; and CN115913077. These photovoltaic panel support structures comprise a base that is fixed to a receiving surface, for example, one of those mentioned above, and a movable frame that pivots relative to the base, a device adjustment allowing the mobile frame to be fixed relative to the base according to two or more angular positions. Summary of the present invention

[0015] The present invention addresses the technological background problems described above by designing a photovoltaic panel support structure that allows a photovoltaic panel to be mounted on various types of supports with different orientations, while also allowing optimal adjustment of the panel's tilt relative to the vertical, thus enabling optimal use of the photovoltaic panel. Compared to existing solutions described in the aforementioned prior documents, this photovoltaic panel support structure is simple in design, easy to use, and readily adaptable to allow for adjustments to the angular position between the base and the mobile frame in more than two positions.

[0016] To this end, the invention relates firstly to a photovoltaic panel support structure, which comprises: - a base defining a reference plane, the base being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a mobile frame defining an assembly plan, the mobile frame being configured to accommodate the photovoltaic panel; - a first pivot joint arranged between the mobile frame and the base to mount the mobile frame in rotation around a first axis on the base, the first axis being parallel to the reference and mounting planes; and - a locking device arranged between the mobile frame and the base, the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame relative to the base according to at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane and the mounting plane. Furthermore, according to the invention, the locking device comprises: - an elongated stabilizing element, a second pivot joint being arranged between the moving frame and the stabilizing element to mount in rotation around a second axis the stabilizing organ on the mobile frame, the second axis being parallel to the first axis and distant from it, the stabilizing organ comprising at a distal end of the second axis a first connecting element; - a first locking mechanism fixed to the base and defining a third axis not parallel to the first axis and comprising at least two second connecting elements complementary to the first connecting element, defined along the third axis in different positions more or less distant from the first axis and configured to receive the first connecting element; and - a second locking mechanism, configured for • in a locked position, simultaneously engage the first connecting element and the first locking mechanism to keep the first connecting element locked in one of the at least two secondary connecting elements receiving it, and • in the unlocked position, release from the first locking device and / or the first connecting element and release the first connecting element from the second connecting element receiving it.

[0017] This type of structure allows for adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel for any surface it is mounted on. The mounting surface defines the surface of the support onto which the base is fixed. The locking mechanism secures the structure in various adjustment positions, preventing any unwanted changes to the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel, which is defined by the angle between the reference plane and the mounting surface.

[0018] According to an advantageous embodiment, the second locking member is mounted in pivot joint around a fourth axis relative to the first connecting element when it is engaged on the first connecting element.

[0019] The second locking mechanism is therefore captive because it is linked to the first connection element. This link also ensures that the second locking mechanism is available regardless of which second connection element is selected.

[0020] According to an advantageous embodiment, the second locking member is mounted in a pivot joint about a fifth axis relative to the first locking member when it is engaged on the first locking member.

[0021] According to an advantageous embodiment, the first locking member comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis, the at least two second connecting elements consisting of sets of first and second notches arranged at different positions along the profile, each first notch being associated with a second notch, the first connecting element consisting of a rod configured to engage in one or the other of the at least two first notches, the second locking member comprising lugs configured to engage in a second notch associated with the first notch and a first hook configured to wrap around a part of the first connecting element and to lock the rod in the first notch in the locking position.

[0022] A user is thus able to easily position the stabilizing element relative to the base by positioning the first connecting element in a first notch and then locking these elements together relative to each other to ensure their relative positioning using the second locking element.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, the second locking member is elastic. This second locking member is stretched into the locked position and exerts a tensile force between the first connecting element and the first locking member, thus holding the first connecting element in the first notch. The use of a second elastic locking member eliminates any play in the mechanical connection between the stabilizing member and the base, thereby preventing vibration and inaccuracies in the tilt angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel and firmly holding the two parts in their relative position.

[0024] According to an advantageous embodiment, the mobile frame includes a third connecting element, which is configured to insert into a second hook of the second locking member, the third connecting element being locked in the The second hook is engaged when the reference and mounting planes form a minimal angle, and the second locking member is in the locked position in the second connecting element furthest from the first axis. In the embodiment where the second connecting elements consist of sets of first and second notches, as described above, the first connecting element is then housed in the first notch of said second connecting element furthest from the first axis, according to this minimal angle formed between the reference and mounting planes.

[0025] The third connection element allows for an additional orientation of the photovoltaic panel in which the reference and mounting planes are as close as possible, or even parallel. This configuration facilitates transport of the structure, as it is folded, while maintaining it in this position, preventing any risk of the angle between the reference and mounting planes opening, as well as any risk of collision between different structural elements. Furthermore, this design allows for the sharing of a structural element, in this case the second locking mechanism, which can hold both the stabilizing element and the mobile frame in position.

[0026] In an advantageous embodiment, the base comprises at least one fourth connecting element and the mobile frame comprises at least one fifth connecting element. These at least four and at least five connecting elements are complementary and configured to removably mount and lock the mobile frame onto the base, forming the first pivot joint along the first axis during assembly. Such a construction allows the user to assemble the structure and disassemble it for easier transport. Other embodiments could be considered with a permanent pivot joint along the first axis between the mobile frame and the base, in which case the mobile frame and the base would remain connected at the first pivot joint.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment, the third axis is parallel to the reference plane and normal to the first axis.

[0028] In an advantageous embodiment, the stabilizing element is a rod with a circular cross-section. Such a rod is particularly easy to manufacture and economical.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment, the base comprises openings onto a bearing surface, the bearing surface being parallel to the reference plane, configured to allow the passage of fastening elements. The base can thus be securely fixed to the receiving surface, for example by means of screws or bolts.

[0030] In an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a ballast element configured to be attached to the base. This ballast element allows the structure to be placed on the ground without the use of fasteners that could damage the surface. The structure is thus easily movable.

[0031] The invention also relates to a photovoltaic installation comprising the structure described above and a photovoltaic panel fixed to the mobile frame.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment, the photovoltaic installation includes an inverter electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel via a junction box. The inverter is then sized according to, among other things, the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic panel.

[0033] Thus, thanks to all the functional and structural technical characteristics of the present invention, we have a photovoltaic panel support structure or even a solid photovoltaic installation, suitable for installation on different reception surfaces with varied inclinations and easy handling allowing the inclination of the photovoltaic panel to be adjusted optimally regardless of the season. Brief description of the figures

[0034] The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description below, with reference to the attached Figures 1 to 14, which illustrate various embodiments without being limiting in any way and on which: - Figure [1] represents a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation including a photovoltaic panel support structure conforming to the present invention, according to an example of implementation; - [Fig.2] represents a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in figure 1; - [Fig.3] represents a partial perspective view of the base of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig.4] represents a partial perspective view of the connection between the base and the mobile frame of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig.5] represents a perspective view of the second locking mechanism of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig.6] represents a partial perspective view of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation of figure 1; - [Fig.7] represents a cross-sectional view of part of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 1; - [Fig.8] represents a partial perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of figure 1 in a folded configuration from a first viewpoint; - [Fig.9] represents a partial perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of figure 1 in a folded configuration from a second viewpoint; - [Fig.10] represents a perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of figure 1 including a ballast; - Figure 11 represents a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 10; and - [Fig.12] represents a view from below of the ballast element of figure 10. Description of examples of achievements

[0035] Examples of photovoltaic installations will now be described with reference to figures 1 to 12.

[0036] Figures 1 and 2 respectively represent a perspective view and a partial exploded view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention, according to a particular embodiment.

[0037] The photovoltaic panel support structure 1 comprises a base 10 defining a reference plane PO, the base 10 being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface (not shown) whose inclination with respect to a vertical axis can be varied, the receiving surface being a support such as the ground, a terrace, a vertical wall, a sloping wall, a pitched roof or a flat roof. To this end, the base 10 comprises, as illustrated in Figure 1, openings 104 leading to a bearing surface 103 allowing the passage of fasteners such as screws or bolts for fixing to the support, a bearing surface 103 under the base 10 bearing against the receiving surface. The reference plane PO is then defined by the support surface 103. It should be noted that other means of fixing are also conceivable such as, for example, flanges allowing the base 10 to be pressed against the support.The base 10 can consist of several pieces, assembled together or not and fixed to the receiving surface, or of a single piece fixed to the receiving surface.

[0038] The base 10 further includes means for receiving a movable frame 11, which is configured to receive a photovoltaic panel 100 and defines a mounting plane P1. The mounting plane P1 may, for example, coincide with the functional surface of the photovoltaic panel, i.e., the surface along which the photovoltaic cells are arranged, or a corresponding mean plane if the latter is not flat. According to a particular embodiment, openings 108, illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, are made in two distinct locations to receive, respectively, a first hinge 11b and a second hinge 11c arranged on the movable frame 11 to form a pivot joint between the base 10 and the movable frame 11. The relative position of the two openings 108 defines a first axis A1 of rotation of the movable frame 11 around the base 10.The base 10 includes, for example, a longitudinally extending portion connecting the two openings 108. Figure 3 shows this portion as a U-shape, with the openings 108 formed in the folded sections of this U. These openings 108 are preferably in the form of notches. Fins 106 are arranged on the base 10 and mounted for translation on it by means of, for example, two pins inserted into oblong housings, so as to close the openings 108, thereby locking the first and second hinges. 11b, 11c are positioned in the openings 108 once the mobile frame is assembled on the base 10. Optionally, return elements such as springs 107 are positioned between the base 10 and each fin 106 to return each fin 106 to its locking position, thus ensuring that the first and second hinges 11b, 11c are held securely in place. The openings 108, fins 106, and springs 107 then form a sub-assembly called the fourth connecting element, which receives a fifth connecting element comprising a first or second hinge 11b, 11c. The fourth and fifth connecting elements are thus complementary and configured to removably mount and lock the mobile frame 11 onto the base 10, forming the first pivot connection along the first axis A1 during assembly.The first and second hinges 11b, 11c are here additional elements mounted on the movable frame 11, for example fixed by crimping or screwing. According to other embodiments, it is possible to make them as a single element, or even to integrate them directly into the main body of the movable frame 11, for example by machining or by using a main body of the movable frame made of a thermoplastic material and obtained by molding.

[0039] Figure 2 shows a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation. In this example, the mobile frame 11 includes a frame 11a, which is configured to receive a photovoltaic panel 100. In an alternative embodiment, this frame 11a can be an integral part of the photovoltaic panel 100. The frame 11a has a receiving surface suitable for supporting the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100. The lateral surfaces of the photovoltaic panel 100 are then inserted between internal lateral surfaces of the mobile frame 11 so as to laterally hold the photovoltaic panel 100 within the frame 11a. Note that the functional surface of the photovoltaic panel 100, i.e., the surface containing the photovoltaic cells, is the upper surface 1002 of the photovoltaic panel 100.Frame 11a, for example, is made from metal angle brackets, which are butted, welded or bent in several places, corresponding to the corners of frame 11a, at right angles.

[0040] It should be noted that the first axis A1 is parallel to both the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1. Rotating the mobile frame 11 relative to the base 10 around this first axis A1 causes the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 to vary linearly. To adjust this angle between these two planes, a locking device is arranged between the mobile frame 11 and the base 10. This locking device is configured to stabilize the mobile frame 11 relative to the base 10 at at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1.

[0041] The locking device comprises several elements, including an elongated stabilizing member 12, which is mounted on the mobile frame 11 via a first shoe 12a and a second shoe 12b. The stabilizing member 12 is connected to each of these shoes 12a, 12b via a pivot joint, the pivot joints being coaxial about a second axis of rotation A2 distant from the first axis A1. The stabilizing member 12 is then free to rotate about the second axis A2 and, when the shoes 12a, 12b are fixed to the mobile frame 11, is free to rotate relative to the mobile frame 11 about the second axis A2.In an alternative embodiment, it is possible to provide a plurality of holes on each shoe 12a, 12b into which the ends of the stabilizing member 12 are inserted so as to offer the possibility of modifying the position of the second axis A2 relative to the first axis A1, having the advantageous effect of multiplying the number of angle values ​​a of inclination of the mounting plane P1 relative to the reference plane PO.

[0042] The brackets 12a, 12b are, for example, positioned midway between two opposing uprights of the frame 11a, so as to make the first and second axes A1, A2 parallel. The shape of the brackets 12a, 12b prevents deformation of the frame 11a when tightening the screws that secure the brackets 12a, 12b, if necessary. However, their position relative to the uprights of the frame 11a is not limited to this midway position; indeed, the main constraint is to obtain parallel axes A1, A2 and to allow adjustment of the angle of inclination of the mounting plane P1 relative to the reference plane PO, denoted a, which varies according to: • the relative position of the hinges 11b, 11c on the base 10, therefore the position of the first axis A1, • the relative position of the shoes 12a, 12b on the upright of the mobile frame 11, therefore the position of the second axis A2 relative to the first axis A1, a length Li separating the first axis A1 from the second axis A2, a plurality of positions being possible, according to other embodiment examples, for example by means of a sliding connection and clamping of the shoes 12a, 12b on the mobile frame 11 or by making several tapped holes in the mobile frame 11, • of a height of the stabilizing member 12, this second length being noted L2, and corresponding to the distance separating the second axis A2 from a fourth axis A4 associated with the first connection element 121 of the stabilizing member 12, • of a position of one end of the stabilizing organ 12 distal to the second axis A2 relative to the base 10, the distance between this position and that of the first axis A1 being noted l_3 and a function of a distance separating the second and fourth axes A2, A4.

[0043] Indeed, the end of the stabilizing member 12, distal to the second axis A2, includes a first connection element 121. In order to position this end relative to the base 10 and thus adjust the angle a between the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1, the locking device includes a first locking member 101 attached to the base 10 comprising several second connection elements 102, complementary to the first connection element 121, defined according to different positions more or less distant from the first axis A1 and configured to receive each the first connection element 121.The second connecting elements 102 are, for example, aligned along a third axis A3 normal to the first axis A1 and parallel to the reference plane PO, and distributed regularly along this third axis A3 or in such a way as to define a set of angle values, the value of the angle α between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 belonging to this set of angle values. Thus, the second connecting elements 102 allow the connecting element 121 to be positioned at a determined distance from the first axis A1, this distance being within a set of values ​​corresponding to the distances separating each of the second connecting elements 102 from the first axis A1.

[0044] Depending on the second connection element 102 in which the connection element 121 is positioned, the angle a between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane P1 varies. According to this particular implementation, the value of angle a is, for example, equal to: • 0° when the stabilizing member 12 is not used, i.e. when the connecting element 121 is not inserted into any second connecting element 102, or when the connecting element 121 is inserted into the second connecting element 102 furthest from the first axis A1, the reference planes PO and mounting plane P1 being parallel and this position corresponding to a “folded configuration”, • 30°, 40° and 50° when the connecting element 121 is inserted into one of the following second connecting elements 102 (in the direction of the first axis A1), and • 60° when the connecting element 121 is inserted into the second connecting element 102 closest to the first axis A1.

[0045] The set of angle values ​​then includes, according to this illustrated example, the following values: {0°; 30°; 40°; 50°; 60°}. Obviously, other values ​​are possible by translating or adding one of the second connection elements 102 along the third axis A3. Thus, according to the specific embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the photovoltaic installation has five possible tilt settings defined by the position of the first connection element within one of the second connection elements 102 of the base 10. Defining these angle values ​​then makes it possible to offer the same settings, that is, to provide the same tilt angles of the solar panel relative to a vertical axis, whether the photovoltaic installation is mounted on a vertical wall, on a flat roof, or on the ground, the latter being horizontal.

[0046] Figures 6 and 7 show a partial perspective and cross-sectional view of the locking device for the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1. The various elements of the locking device are thus distinguished. In the example illustrated, the first locking member 101 comprises a U-shaped profile extending longitudinally along the third axis A3. The second connecting members 102 consist of sets of first and second notches arranged at different positions along the profile, each first notch 102a being associated with a second notch 102b. The stabilizing member 12 is a rod with a cross-sectional area of circular which consists of a rod having more or less a V shape with a flattened apex in its central part, said central part constituting the first connecting element 121 extending along the fourth axis A4, said central part of the rod being configured to engage in one or the other of the first notches 102a.

[0047] In order to hold the first connecting element 121 in a second connecting element 102, more precisely in a first notch 102a according to this particular embodiment, the locking device includes a second locking member 13 configured to • in a locked position, simultaneously engage with the first connecting element 121 and the first locking member 101, in a second notch 102b according to this particular embodiment, to keep the first connecting element 121 locked in one of the second connecting elements 102 receiving it, and • in the unlocking position, release from the first locking member 101 and / or the first connecting element 121 and release the first connecting element 121 from the second connecting element 102 receiving it.

[0048] For this purpose and as illustrated in Figure 5, according to this particular embodiment, the second locking member 13 has a symmetrical shape and includes lugs 132 configured to each engage in a second notch 102b associated with the first notch 102a receiving the first connecting element 121 and a first hook 131 configured to wrap around part of the first connecting element 121 and, thus, lock the rod in the first notch 102a in the locked position.

[0049] Thus, the second locking member 13 is mounted via a pivot joint around the fourth axis A4 relative to the first connecting element 121 when it is engaged with the first connecting element 121. Consequently, the second locking member 13 cannot be lost and is permanently correctly positioned relative to the stabilizing member 12. Therefore, according to this particular embodiment, a user does not need to mount the second locking member 13 on the stabilizing member 12. In addition, the presence of this second locking member 13 does not hinder the insertion of the first connecting member 121 into the notches 102a, the width of the first hook 131 being less than the distance separating the external surfaces of the two lateral walls of the first U-shaped locking member 101 and on which the notches 102a are arranged, thus allowing easy insertion of the first connecting member 121 into the notches 102a while retaining the second locking member 13 mounted on the first connecting member 121.

[0050] Once the first connecting element 121 is inserted into the notches 102a, the user pivots the second locking member 13 around the fourth axis A4 and engages the lugs 132 in the second notches 102b associated with the first notches 102a receiving the first connecting element 121. The second locking member 13 is preferably elastic. Thus, if the distance separating the lugs 132 from the fourth axis A4 is less than the distance separating the fourth axis A4 inserted in the first notches 102a from a fifth axis A5 defined by the second notches, the second locking member 13 is stretched so that the lugs 132 are inserted into the second notches 102b in the locking position and a tensile force is then exerted between the first connecting element 121 and the first locking member 101 so as to maintain the first connecting element 121 in the first notch 102a receiving it.It should be noted that the shape of the lugs 132 and the second notches 102a allows a pivot joint to be created between the second locking member 13 and the first locking member 101 when the second locking member 13 is engaged on the first locking member 101. This pivot joint then has as its axis the fifth axis A5 defined by the second notches 102b receiving the second locking member 13. The second locking member 13 is thus mounted in a hyperstatic manner on the first connecting element 121 and on the first locking member.

[0051] It should be noted that the second connecting elements 102 are, according to this example, made directly in the main body of the first locking member 101. However, it is possible, according to other embodiments, to provide second connecting elements 102 added to the main body of the first member of locking 101, these second connection elements 102 being for example identical and fixed to the main body of the first locking element 101 by screwing or crimping, thus allowing standardization of the implementation of the locking device while allowing great flexibility in the implementation of different variants of the structure of the photovoltaic installation.

[0052] Figures 8 and 9 show a partial perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1 in a folded configuration from two distinct viewpoints. In this configuration, the reference planes PO and P1 form a minimal angle, equal to 0° in this particular embodiment. To ensure the relative positions of the mobile frame 11 and the base 10 in this configuration, which corresponds, for example, to the transport configuration for compactness reasons, additional locking elements are optionally added.Thus, the movable frame 11 includes a third connecting element 112, which is configured to insert into a second hook 133 of the second locking member 13. The third connecting element 112 is locked into the second hook 133 when the reference planes PO and P1 form this minimum angle, and the second locking member 13 is in the locked position in the second connecting element 102 furthest from the first axis A1. The first connecting element 121 is then housed in the first notch 102a of said second connecting element 102 furthest from the first axis A1, and the lugs 132 of the second locking member 13 are placed in the second notch 102b associated with said first notch 102b, as illustrated in Figure 8.

[0053] When a user pivots the second locking member 13 to insert the lugs 132 into the second notches 102b, the second hook 133 comes to rest against the outer surface of the third connecting element 112, which here has a cylindrical shape complementary to the shape of the second hook 133. Once the lugs 132 are inserted into the second notches 102b, the second locking member holds both the stabilizing member 12 and the mobile frame 11 in position, thus preventing any unintended movement of the structural elements 1 during transport. thus avoiding any risk of collision between these elements and therefore any deterioration of the elements of structure 1.

[0054] This technical solution has the advantage of combining the locking mechanism, allowing the user to lock and unlock the mobile frame 11 in position relative to the base 10 by following the same steps regardless of the desired configuration. The fourth connection element 112 is here an element attached to the frame 11a of the mobile frame 11; however, other embodiments are possible, for example, to integrate this function directly into the frame 11a.

[0055] Optionally, in order to be able to place the solar installation on the ground for example, without fixing it to a support, a ballast element 17 is added to the structure 1.

[0056] Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1, which includes such a ballast element 17. The ballast element 17 is specifically configured to be attached to the base 10 of the structure 1, thus replacing the support on which the structure 1 is fixed. The ballast element 17 is, for example, made of a high-density solid material, such as metal, concrete, or a high-density composite. In other variations, it consists of a casing filled with another material, such as water or sand, allowing a photovoltaic installer to easily transport the empty and therefore lightweight ballast element 17 and then fill it with this other material once installed.

[0057] Figure 11 shows a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 10. In this example, the ballast element 17 has bosses 174 distributed on either side of a groove 173, which forms the receiving surface for the support and against which the bearing surface 103 of the base 10 rests. Holes 175 are positioned in this groove 173, which are configured to receive the fastening means for attaching the base 10 to the ballast element 17. These holes are, for example, through or threaded to allow the assembly of the base 10 and the The ballast element 17 is secured with a specific type of fastening means. These holes 175 are positioned in particular so that they are aligned with the openings 104 when the base 10 is positioned on the ballast element 17.

[0058] Figure 12 shows a bottom view of the ballast element of Figure 10. According to a particular embodiment, the ballast element 17 includes pads 171 positioned on its rear face, which allow, for example, runoff water to pass under the ballast element 17. The number of pads 171 is determined so as, for example, to avoid puncturing a second support on which the ballast element 17 is placed, for example to avoid perforating a waterproofing membrane placed on a roof terrace.

[0059] Between the 171 posts appear grooves 172, these allow for example the passage of an electrical cable, which allows the photovoltaic installation to be electrically connected to an electrical network.

[0060] According to another variant not shown, the rear face of the ballast element 17 is solid so as to maximize the bearing surface of the ballast element 17 on a support.

[0061] According to a particular embodiment illustrated in particular in figure 2, the structure 1 of the photovoltaic installation includes a photovoltaic panel 100 fixed to the mobile frame 11 and an inverter 200 electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 100.

[0062] The junction box is for example glued to the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100, is connected in input to the photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic panel 100 and is connected in output to the inverter 200 via two electrical wires, the two electrical wires carrying a direct current when the photovoltaic panel receives solar radiation on its front face 1002.

[0063] The inverter 200 is, for example, a micro-inverter, configured to be connected to the photovoltaic panel 100 via the junction box (not shown). Optionally, the inverter 200 can also be connected to other installations. photovoltaics of the same type, the latter not having a 200 inverter, the 200 inverter being shared for several juxtaposed photovoltaic installations, for example.

[0064] The inverter 200 is for example fixed to the base 10 by means of fixing elements, for example via the passages 105 made in the base 10 and visible in particular in figure 3.

[0065] Such a photovoltaic system is therefore easy to install on various supports with different inclinations. The tilt of the photovoltaic panel in this system is easily adjustable, as the angle between a reference plane associated with the base of the photovoltaic panel support structure and the mounting plane of the photovoltaic panel is defined using a simple, intuitive, and safe adjustment mechanism. A user can thus position such a photovoltaic system on a suitable support and adapt the photovoltaic panel support structure to ideally adjust the panel's tilt according to the season, for example.

[0066] The invention is not limited, however, to the configurations and embodiments described above, but extends to any photovoltaic installation equipped with a photovoltaic panel support structure as presented above.

[0067] It should be noted that this detailed description relates to particular examples of embodiments of the present invention, but in no way does this description limit the scope of the invention; on the contrary, its purpose is to remove any possible inaccuracy or misinterpretation of the following claims.

[0068] It should also be noted that the reference signs in parentheses in the following claims are in no way intended to be limiting; These symbols are solely intended to improve the intelligibility and understanding of the claims that follow, as well as the scope of the protection sought.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. Photovoltaic panel support structure (1), which includes: - a base (10) defining a reference plane (PO), the base (10) being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a mobile frame (11) defining a mounting plan (P1), the mobile frame being configured to accommodate the photovoltaic panel (100); - a first pivot joint arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the base (10) to mount the mobile frame (11) on the base (10) in rotation around a first axis (A1), the first axis (A1) being parallel to the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (P1); and - a locking device arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the base (10), the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame (11) relative to the base (10) in at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane (PO) and the mounting plane (P1); the structure (1) being characterized in that the locking device comprises: - a stabilizing member (12) of elongated shape, a second pivot link being arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the stabilizing member (12) to mount in rotation around a second axis (A2) the stabilizing member (12) on the mobile frame (11), the second axis (A2) being parallel to the first axis (A1) and distant from it, the stabilizing member (12) comprising at a distal end of the second axis (A2) a first connection element (121); - a first locking member (101) integral with the base (10) and defining a third axis (A3) not parallel to the first axis (A1) and comprising at least two second connection elements (102) complementary to the first connection element (121), defined along the third axis (A3) in different positions more or less distant from the first axis (A1) and configured to receive the first connection element (121); and - a second locking mechanism (13), configured for • in a locked position, simultaneously engage the first connecting element (121) and the first locking member (101) to keep the first connecting element (121) locked in one of the at least two second connection elements (102) receiving it, and • in the unlocking position, release from the first locking member (101) and / or the first connecting element (121) and release the first connecting element (121) from the second connecting element (102) receiving it.

2. Structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein the second locking member (13) is mounted in pivot joint about a fourth axis (A4) relative to the first connecting element (121) when it is engaged on the first connecting element (121).

3. Structure (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second locking member (13) is mounted in pivot joint about a fifth axis (A5) relative to the first locking member (101) when it is engaged on the first locking member (101).

4. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first locking member (101) comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis (A3), the at least two second connecting elements (102) comprising sets of first and second notches arranged at different positions along the profile, each first notch (102a) being associated with a second notch (102b), the first connecting element (121) comprising a rod configured to engage in either of the at least two first notches (102a), the second locking member (13) comprising lugs (132) configured to engage in a second notch (102b) associated with the first notch (102a) and a first hook (131) configured to enclose a portion of said first connecting element (121) and to lock the rod in the first notch (102a) in the locking position.

5. Structure (1) according to claim 4, wherein said second locking member (13) is elastic, said second locking member (13) being stretched into the locking position and exerting a tensile force between the first connecting element (121) and the first locking member (101) so as to maintain the first connecting element (121) in the first notch (102a) receiving it.

6. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the movable frame (11) comprises a third connecting element (112), which is configured to insert into a second hook (133) of the second locking member (13), the third connecting element (112) being locked in the second hook (133) when the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (P1) form a minimum angle, and the second locking member (13) is in the locking position in the second connecting element (102) furthest from the first axis (A1).

7. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the base (10) comprises at least one fourth connecting element (106, 107, 108) and the mobile frame (11) comprises at least one fifth connecting element (11b, 11c), the at least one fourth connecting element and the at least one fifth connecting element being complementary and configured to mount and removably lock the mobile frame onto the base by constituting said first pivot connection along the first axis (A1), during said mounting.

8. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the third axis (A3) is parallel to the reference plane (PO) and normal to the first axis (A1).

9. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the stabilizing member (12) is a rod of circular cross-section.

10. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the base (10) comprises orifices (104) opening onto a bearing surface (103), the bearing surface (103) being parallel to the reference plane (PO), said orifices (104) being configured to allow the passage of fastening elements.

11. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which includes a ballast element (17) configured to be moored to the base (10).

12. Photovoltaic installation comprising the structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and a photovoltaic panel (100) fixed to the mobile frame (11).

13. Photovoltaic installation according to claim 12, which includes an inverter (200) electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel (100).

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