Vehicle

Abstract

A vehicle (10) according to one aspect of the present invention has vehicle window glass (100) that is attached to an opening formed in a conductive frame material (11) provided to a vehicle body. The vehicle window glass (100) has an intermediate film (130) and a light control element (140) between a first glass sheet (110) and a second glass sheet (120). At least one among a second main surface, a third main surface, and a fourth main surface of the vehicle window glass (100) has formed thereon a conductive film (150) up to the outer edge of the second main surface, the third main surface, or the fourth main surface. When the vehicle window glass (100) is attached to the vehicle body, the conductive film (150) overlaps the frame material (11) in a plan view. The vehicle (10) further has an antenna (12) that is attached to the vehicle body. The antenna (12) is disposed at a position away from the end of the frame material by 50 mm or more.

Description

Vehicle

[0001] The present invention relates to a vehicle.

[0002] In recent years, the development of vehicles using glass for the roof has been underway. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of arranging an antenna in the vicinity of a window glass for the roof in a vehicle using glass for the roof.

[0003] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2024 / 0030593

[0004] When glass is used for the roof, while a person riding in the vehicle can obtain a sense of openness, depending on weather conditions, they may feel heat or glare. Therefore, a dimming element may be attached to the window glass for the roof to adjust the amount of light entering the vehicle interior. The dimming element is usually controlled by an electrical signal. Therefore, noise may be generated due to the dimming element and its peripheral members, and there is a risk of affecting an antenna arranged in the vicinity of the dimming element.

[0005] In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle in which an antenna arranged in the vicinity of a vehicle window glass to which a dimming element is attached is less likely to be affected by noise caused by the dimming element.

[0006] A vehicle according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes the following configuration.

[0007] [1] A vehicle having a vehicle window glass installed in an opening formed by a conductive frame material provided on the vehicle body, wherein the vehicle window glass is a laminated glass comprising: a first glass plate having a first main surface and a second main surface; a second glass plate having a third main surface and a fourth main surface; an interlayer located between the second main surface and the third main surface; and a light-adjusting element located between the second main surface and the third main surface and in contact with the interlayer, wherein when the vehicle window glass is installed on the vehicle body, the first glass plate is located on the outside of the vehicle and the second glass plate is located on the inside of the vehicle, the light-adjusting element comprises: a light-adjusting layer and a pair of conductive thin films sandwiching the light-adjusting layer in the thickness direction of the vehicle window glass, at least one of the second main surface, the third main surface and the fourth main surface has a conductive film formed up to the outer edge of the second main surface, the third main surface or the fourth main surface, and when the vehicle window glass is installed on the vehicle body, the conductive film overlaps with the frame material in a plan view, The vehicle further comprises an antenna attached to the vehicle body, wherein the antenna is positioned at a distance of 50 mm or more from the end of the frame material.

[0008] [2] The vehicle according to [1], wherein the width over which the conductive film overlaps with the frame material is 5 mm or more.

[0009] [3] The vehicle according to [1] or [2], wherein the antenna is positioned at a distance of 80 mm or more and 1000 mm or less from the end of the frame material.

[0010] [4] The vehicle according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the conductive film is formed on the fourth main surface, and the conductive film is a low-emission film.

[0011] [5] The vehicle according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the conductive film is formed on the second main surface, and the conductive film is a heat-reflective film with a sheet resistance of 5 Ω / sq. or less.

[0012] [6] The vehicle according to [4], wherein a heat-reflective film having a sheet resistance of 5 Ω / sq. or less is formed on the second main surface.

[0013] [7] The vehicle according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the antenna is attached to the conductive roof portion of the vehicle.

[0014] [8] The vehicle according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the antenna is attached to the vehicle body or the vehicle window glass.

[0015] [9] The vehicle according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the width over which the conductive film overlaps with the frame material is 5 mm or more.

[0016]

[10] The vehicle according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the conductive film is connected to a connecting wire having a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to the conductive film, and the second end being electrically connected to the vehicle body.

[0017]

[11] The vehicle according to

[10] , wherein the first end is connected to the location in the conductive film closest to the connection point between the dimming busbar and the power supply line.

[0018]

[12] The vehicle according to

[11] , wherein the dimming busbar comprises a first dimming busbar and a second dimming busbar, the power supply line comprises a first power supply line and a second power supply line, the first dimming busbar is connected to the first power supply line at a first connection point, the second dimming busbar is connected to the second power supply line at a second connection point, and the first end is connected to the location closest to either the first connection point or the second connection point.

[0019]

[13] The vehicle according to

[12] , wherein the first end is connected to the location closest to an intermediate location between the first connection point and the second connection point.

[0020]

[14] The vehicle according to any one of

[10] to

[13] , wherein the first end is connected to the point in the conductive film closest to the center of the antenna.

[0021]

[15] The vehicle according to any one of

[10] to

[14] , wherein the second end is connected to the frame material.

[0022]

[16] A shielding region made of a non-conductive shielding layer is formed on the outer periphery of the fourth main surface, the conductive film is formed to be in contact with the fourth main surface, the shielding layer is formed to be in contact with the conductive film, and the region in which the conductive film and the frame material overlap in a plan view is within the region in which the shielding layer is formed, as in [4].

[0023]

[17] A shielding region made of a non-conductive shielding layer is formed on the outer periphery of the second main surface, the conductive film is formed to be in contact with the second main surface, the shielding layer is formed to be in contact with the conductive film, and the region in which the conductive film and the frame material overlap in a plan view is within the region in which the shielding layer is formed, as in [5].

[0024]

[18] The vehicle according to

[16] , wherein a heat-reflective film having a sheet resistance of 5 Ω / sq. or less is formed on the second main surface.

[0025]

[19] The vehicle according to

[16] , wherein the shielding region has an opening in which the shielding layer is partially absent, and the end of the conductive film is connected to the opening.

[0026]

[20] The vehicle according to

[17] , wherein the shielding region has an opening in which the shielding layer is partially absent, and the end of the conductive film is connected to the opening.

[0027] The present invention makes it possible to provide a vehicle in which an antenna positioned near a vehicle window glass to which a dimming element is attached is less susceptible to noise caused by the dimming element.

[0028] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle according to Embodiment 1. This is a schematic front view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass according to Embodiment 2. This is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line III-III in Figure 2. This is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV in Figure 2. This is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line V-V in Figure 2. This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle according to Embodiment 2. This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle according to Embodiment 3. This is a schematic front view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass according to Embodiment 4. This is a schematic front view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass according to Embodiment 5. This is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line X-X in Figure 9. This is a schematic front view showing the configuration of a model prepared for simulation. This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a model prepared for simulation. This is a graph explaining the change in radiated electric field strength with respect to the distance from the frame to the conductive film when a conductive film is provided on the fourth main surface. This is a graph normalized by the maximum value of each radiated electric field strength as shown in Figure 11. This is a graph explaining the change in radiated electric field strength with respect to the distance from the frame to the conductive film when a conductive film is provided on the second main surface. Figure 14 shows a graph normalized by the maximum value of each radiated electric field intensity. This is an example of a graph showing the relationship between the amplitude and time of a trapezoidal wave. This is an example of the frequency spectrum of a trapezoidal wave. This graph explains the change in radiated electric field intensity with respect to the distance from the frame to the conductive film when a conductive film is provided on the fourth main surface. This graph explains the change in radiated electric field intensity with respect to the distance from the frame to the conductive film when a conductive film is provided on the second main surface.

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are omitted as necessary for clarity of explanation. In this specification, the "~" indicating a numerical range includes the numbers written before and after it as the lower and upper limits.

[0030] <Embodiment 1> Figure 1 is a schematic front view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 10 according to Embodiment 1. As shown in Figure 1, the vehicle window glass 100 is laminated glass comprising a first glass plate 110, a second glass plate 120, an interlayer 130, a light-adjusting element 140, and a conductive film 150, and is suitable for a vehicle roof window glass. When the vehicle window glass 100 is installed in the vehicle 10, the first glass plate 110 is positioned on the outside of the vehicle and the second glass plate 120 is positioned on the inside of the vehicle. Here, the main surface on the outside of the vehicle of the first glass plate 110 is referred to as the first main surface, and the main surface on the inside of the vehicle is referred to as the second main surface. The main surface on the outside of the vehicle of the second glass plate 120 is referred to as the third main surface, and the main surface on the inside of the vehicle is referred to as the fourth main surface. Hereinafter, the first glass plate 110 and the second glass plate 120 may be collectively referred to as glass plates 110 and 120.

[0031] The interlayer 130 is located between the second main surface and the third main surface. The dimming element 140 is located between the second main surface and the third main surface and is in contact with the interlayer 130. The dimming element 140 may be placed, for example, between two interlayer 130s. When the dimming element 140 is placed between two interlayer 130s, the two interlayer 130s may be in contact with each other at the end side of the vehicle window glass 100, as shown in Figure 1. The conductive film 150 is placed on at least one of the second main surface, the third main surface, and the fourth main surface. The conductive film 150 is formed up to the outer edge of the main surface on which it is placed. In Embodiment 1, the conductive film 150 is placed on the fourth main surface and is formed up to the outer edge of the fourth main surface. The vehicle window glass 100 according to Embodiment 1, for example as shown in Figure 1, has a first glass plate 110, a conductive film 150, an interlayer 130, a dimming element 140, an interlayer 130, and a second glass plate 120 in this order.

[0032] Glass plates 110 and 120 are glass plates that constitute laminated glass. The type of glass that constitutes glass plates 110 and 120 is not particularly limited. Glass plates 110 and 120 may be inorganic glass such as soda lime silicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and borosilicate glass, or organic glass such as polycarbonate plates and acrylic resin plates. Glass plates 110 and 120 may be colorless glass such as clear glass, or colored glass such as privacy glass. Furthermore, glass plates 110 and 120 may be tempered glass such as physically tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. Tempered glass may be, for example, glass with a compressive stress layer formed on the surface of untempered glass. The glass that constitutes glass plates 110 and 120 may be the same or different from each other.

[0033] The interlayer 130 is composed of, for example, a transparent resin. Examples of resins that make up the interlayer 130 include polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl chloride, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cycloolefin polymer, urethane resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF), etc. The interlayer 130 may be colorless or colored. The interlayer 130 may be colored by, for example, using a resin containing a coloring agent such as a pigment.

[0034] The dimming element 140 is a film-like element that operates by an electrical signal and has a dimming function in which the transmittance state changes according to the applied voltage. The dimming element 140 comprises a dimming layer 141, conductive thin films 142, 143, and substrates 144, 145. As shown in Figure 1, when the vehicle window glass 100 is attached to the frame material 11, the dimming element 140 and the frame material 11 do not have to overlap in a plan view, but they may partially overlap.

[0035] The light-adjusting layer 141 is sandwiched in the thickness direction of the vehicle window glass 100 by a pair of conductive thin films 142 and 143. The light-adjusting layer 141 is a liquid crystal layer whose orientation is controlled by applying a voltage between the conductive thin films 142 and 143. Examples of liquid crystals that make up the light-adjusting layer 141 include TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal, VA (Vertical Alignment) type liquid crystal, polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), suspended particle device (SPD), polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC), and guest-host liquid crystal (GHLC).

[0036] The conductive thin films 142 and 143 are layers constructed using conductive materials. Examples of materials that make up the conductive thin films 142 and 143 include indium tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimond-doped tin oxide, silver, zirconium nitride, and titanium nitride.

[0037] The conductive film 150 is a film constructed using a conductive material. Examples of the conductive film 150 include a heat-reflective film, a low-emission film, and a heat-generating film. When the conductive film 150 is placed on the fourth main surface, the conductive film 150 is, for example, a low-emission film such as a Low-E film.

[0038] The Low-E film is a low-emissivity film comprising, for example, a transparent conductive layer and a reflection-modulating layer in order from the fourth main surface side. The transparent conductive layer is preferably an ITO layer, a tin oxide layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, an antimond-doped tin oxide layer, a silver layer, a zirconium nitride layer, or a titanium nitride layer. The transparent conductive layer may also contain additives. If the transparent conductive layer is an ITO layer, the additives may be, for example, Ga, Zn, Al, and / or Nb.

[0039] As shown in Figure 1, the vehicle window glass 100 is installed in an opening formed by a conductive frame material 11 provided on the body of the vehicle 10. In the example shown in Figure 1, a flange 11a is provided on the edge of the opening in the frame material 11, and the vehicle window glass 100 is bonded to the frame material 11 by an adhesive member 170 placed on the flange 11a. The vehicle 10 also has an antenna 12.

[0040] As shown in Figure 1, with the vehicle window glass 100 attached to the frame material 11, the conductive film 150 and the frame material 11 overlap in a plan view. The distance D shown in Figure 1 is the distance from the end of the frame material 11 to the end of the conductive film 150, or in other words, it represents the width over which the conductive film 150 and the frame material 11 overlap. From the viewpoint of sufficiently suppressing the influence of noise caused by the dimming element 140, the distance D is preferably 5 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 7 mm or more, 8 mm or more, 9 mm or more, or 10 mm or more.

[0041] The antenna 12 is positioned on the same plane as the part of the vehicle to which the vehicle window glass 100 is attached. The antenna 12 may be positioned on the frame material 11 or on the vehicle window glass 100. Furthermore, the type of antenna 12 is not particularly limited and may be a shark fin antenna, a film antenna, a printed antenna, etc. Figure 1 illustrates the case where the antenna 12 is a shark fin antenna positioned on the roof portion of the vehicle body. The distance E shown in Figure 1 is the distance from the center of the antenna 12 to the end of the frame material 11. Here, the center of the antenna 12 is the central point in the external appearance of the antenna 12. From the viewpoint of sufficiently suppressing the influence of noise caused by the dimming element 140, the distance E is preferably 50 mm or more, 55 mm or more, 60 mm or more, 65 mm or more, 70 mm or more, 75 mm or more, 80 mm or more, 85 mm or more, or 90 mm or more. Note that the antenna 12 is positioned on the same plane as the frame material 11, and the distance E is, for example, 1000 mm or less. Furthermore, the antenna 12 does not need to be on the same plane as the part of the vehicle to which the vehicle window glass 100 is installed, as long as it is spaced at a distance E from the frame material 11. Examples of antennas 12 that are not on the same plane as the part of the vehicle to which the vehicle window glass 100 is installed include antennas installed on the side windows, rear windows, or windshields.

[0042] An example of an antenna 12 with a distance E of 50 mm is a case where a projection antenna (shark fin antenna) is mounted on the roof. In this case, the distance from the mounting bracket to the tip may be 50 mm, and the tip of the projection antenna itself may be at the same position as the edge of the vehicle window glass 100 (i.e., the edge of the flange 11a).

[0043] The high-frequency components of the voltage that drives the dimming element 140, and the frequency components of the voltage used in the boost circuit to boost the voltage that drives the dimming element 140, generate high-frequency currents around the outer circumference of the dimming element 140. The conductive film 150 has a large overlapping area with the dimming element 140 and is strongly coupled to it. Therefore, if the conductive film 150 is larger than the dimming element 140, a current is induced around the conductive film 150.

[0044] When there is no gap between the flange 11a and the conductive film 150, this induced current flows out to the flange 11a without being radiated due to the coupling with the flange 11a. On the other hand, when there is a gap between the flange 11a and the conductive film 150, that is, when the distance D is 0 mm, a potential difference occurs between the periphery of the conductive film 150 and the flange 11a, and electromagnetic waves are radiated to the outside. The radiated electromagnetic waves may flow into an antenna arranged nearby and cause reception interference. In other words, the gap between the flange 11a and the end of the conductive film 150 may be a source of noise. Here, the electric field attenuates inversely proportional to the distance r (or the square of r) from the source. Therefore, the greater the distance between the end of the flange 11a, which is part of the electromagnetic wave radiation source, and the antenna 12, the weaker the power density in the space and the less susceptible it is to the influence of noise.

[0045] In the vehicle 10, the conductive film 150 is formed up to the outer edge of the vehicle window glass 100, the conductive film 150 and the frame member 11 are overlapped in plan view, and the antenna 12 is arranged at a position separated by 50 mm or more from the end of the frame member 11. With such a configuration, the antenna 12 is less likely to be affected by noise caused by the dimming element 140, and the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio) and the carrier-to-noise ratio (C / N ratio) are improved. Note that the vehicle window glass 100 usually has a chamfered area (not shown) on the end face. Forming the conductive film 150 up to the outer edge of the vehicle window glass 100 includes that the conductive film 150 may also be formed in the chamfered area, or it is formed at the outer edge of the fourth main surface of the vehicle window glass 100 and not formed in the chamfered area.

[0046] <Embodiment 2> Fig. 2 is a schematic front view showing a configuration example of a vehicle window glass 200 included in a vehicle 20 according to Embodiment 2. The vehicle window glass 200 according to Embodiment 2 further includes a connection line 160. The dimming element 140 included in the vehicle window glass 200 includes dimming bus bars 146 and 148 and power supply lines 147 and 149. Since other configurations are the same, duplicate explanations are omitted as appropriate.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 3, a dimming bus bar 146 is connected to the conductive thin film 143, and a power supply line 147 is connected to the dimming bus bar 146. The dimming bus bar 146 and the power supply line 147 may be formed as an integral member. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a dimming bus bar 148 is connected to the conductive thin film 142, and a power supply line 149 is connected to the dimming bus bar 148. The dimming bus bar 148 and the power supply line 149 may be formed as an integral member. When the power supply lines 147 and 149 supply power to the dimming bus bars 146 and 148, the dimming bus bars 146 and 148 drive the dimming layer 141 by energizing the conductive thin films 142 and 143. It is preferable to apply an alternating voltage to the conductive thin films 142 and 143. The alternating voltage may be in a voltage range of 5 V to 300 V (effective value) and a frequency range of 1 Hz to 500 kHz. Also, the frequency used in the booster circuit for boosting the voltage for driving the dimming element 140 may be in a frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 2, the dimming bus bars 146 and 148 are arranged along one side of the vehicle window glass 200 in a plan view. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the dimming bus bar 146 is arranged along the left end from the central portion of the long side of the vehicle window glass 200, and the dimming bus bar 148 is arranged along the right end from the central portion of the long side. Further, the power supply lines 147 and 149 are connected to the ends on the central portion side of the dimming bus bars 146 and 148. Point A shown in FIG. 2 indicates the connection location between the dimming bus bar 146 and the power supply line 147, and point B indicates the connection location between the dimming bus bar 148 and the power supply line 149.

[0049] The connecting wire 160 is constructed using a conductive material. As shown in Figure 5, one end of the connecting wire 160 is connected to the conductive film 150. Point C in Figure 2 indicates the connection point between the connecting wire 160 and the conductive film 150. From the viewpoint of achieving a noise suppression effect caused by the dimming element 140 across the entire range, regardless of wavelength, the connection point between the dimming busbar 146 and the power supply line 147, and the connection point between the dimming busbar 148 and the power supply line 149 are preferable. Furthermore, the connection point between the connecting wire 160 and the conductive film 150 is preferably near the connecting wire 160 and close to the antenna. In the example shown in Figure 2, point C is the end of the conductive film 150 and is located midway between point A and point B.

[0050] The noise caused by the dimming element 140 refers to noise that affects the transmission and reception of the antenna 12, such as high-frequency components of the voltage that drives the dimming element 140, or frequency components of the voltage used in the boost circuit that boosts the voltage to drive the dimming element 140.

[0051] Here, the voltage waveform used to drive and boost the dimming element 140 is generally a trapezoidal wave. Therefore, if both the rise time and fall time are the same (τ), the amplitude of the generated waveform is expressed by the following equation (1). Figure 17 is an example of a graph showing the relationship between the amplitude of such a trapezoidal wave and time. Note that T is the frequency of the trapezoidal wave (driving and boosting frequency). The driving frequency may be, for example, 60 Hz, and the boosting frequency may be 100 kHz.

[0052]

[0053] The frequency spectrum is represented by the following equation (2). Figure 18 is an example of the frequency spectrum of such a trapezoidal wave. As shown in Figure 18, the spectrum of the trapezoidal wave represented by equation (2) contains odd multiples of the fundamental wave (e.g., 60 Hz and 100 kHz), and the spectrum starts from the fundamental wave and drops at -20 dB / dec., with the frequency changing from 1 / τπ to -40 dB / dec.

[0054]

[0055] As described above, the square wave corresponding to the dimming drive frequency and the boost circuit frequency is generally a trapezoidal waveform, and as shown in Figure 18, it has spectral components over a wide bandwidth while attenuating in the frequency range higher than the fundamental frequency. If these spectral components overlap with the transmission and reception frequency bands of other devices, they may act as interference waves for those devices. In addition, because the circuit and wiring each have their own unique impedances, these mismatches can cause waveform distortion between the load (the dimming element) and the circuit, which can complicate the characteristics of unwanted radiation. Furthermore, since the conductive film 150 formed on the main surface of the vehicle window glass 200 has its own resonant frequency, if the frequency components of the generated noise match this resonant frequency, the vehicle window glass 200 can function as a strong source of noise radiation.

[0056] As shown in Figure 5, one end of the connecting wire 160 is connected to the conductive film 150, and the other end is electrically connected to the frame material 11, i.e., the vehicle body, via the fixing member 180. In other words, the conductive film 150 is grounded to the vehicle body via the connecting wire 160.

[0057] <Embodiment 3> Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 30 according to Embodiment 3. The vehicle window glass 300 according to Embodiment 3 differs from the vehicle window glass 200 shown in Figure 3, etc., in that a conductive film 150 is arranged on the second main surface. Other configurations are the same, so redundant explanations will be omitted as appropriate. When a conductive film 150 is arranged on the second main surface, the conductive film 150 is, for example, a heat-reflective film.

[0058] The heat-reflective film suppresses the rise in temperature inside the vehicle by selectively reflecting infrared rays, and also suppresses thermal degradation of the interlayer 130, etc. The heat-reflective film usually has a sheet resistance of 5 Ω / sq. or less. The heat-reflective film may be a multilayer film composed of multiple layers. The heat-reflective film may have a configuration in which at least one of the multiple layers contains an infrared reflective material. The infrared reflective material is a material that reflects infrared rays and may be, for example, a transparent conductive oxide such as silver (Ag), indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, or any other suitable material that shields a considerable amount of infrared radiation. The heat-reflective film may have a configuration in which, for example, a dielectric layer (dielectric layer) and an Ag layer (Ag layer) are included. The derivative may be, for example, silicon nitride, titanium oxide, silicon oxynitride, tin oxide, other types of metal (alloy) oxides, or other types of metal (alloy) nitrides. Other examples of metal oxides include zinc-tin oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, nickel-chromium oxide, silver oxide, and zinc oxide. The heat-reflective film may, for example, consist of an Ag layer sandwiched between at least one pair of dielectric layers. The heat-reflective film may also contain multiple Ag layers. In this case, from the viewpoint of exhibiting sufficient infrared reflection performance and suppressing manufacturing costs, it is preferable that the heat-reflective film contains two or three Ag layers.

[0059] Similar to vehicle 20, vehicle 30 has a conductive film 150 formed up to the outer edge of the vehicle window glass 100, the conductive film 150 and the frame material 11 overlap in a plan view, and the antenna 12 is positioned at a distance of 50 mm or more from the end of the frame material 11. Therefore, it produces the same effect as vehicle 20.

[0060] <Embodiment 4> Figure 8 is a schematic front view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass 400 according to Embodiment 4. The vehicle window glass 400 differs from the vehicle window glass 200 shown in Figure 2 in that the power supply lines 147 and 149 are bundled together as a single cable 301. As shown in Figure 8, when the power supply lines 147 and 149 are bundled together as a single cable 301, the connecting wire 160 may be placed next to the cable 301. In this case, it is preferable that the connection point between the connecting wire 160 and the conductive film 150 is close to either the connection point between the dimming bus bar 146 and the power supply line 147 or the connection point between the dimming bus bar 148 and the power supply line 149. In the example shown in Figure 8, the connection point between the connecting wire 160 and the conductive film 150 is near the edge of the conductive film 150, which is close to the connection point between the dimming bus bar 146 and the power supply line 147. Furthermore, the connecting wire 160 may be bundled with the cable 301, or it may be arranged independently.

[0061] <Embodiment 5> Figure 9 is a schematic front view showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle window glass 500 according to Embodiment 5. The vehicle window glass 500 differs from the vehicle window glass 200 shown in Figure 2 in that a connecting wire 160 is passed between the power supply lines 147 and 149 and connected to the conductive film on the outside of either power supply line. The vehicle window glass 500 also differs from the vehicle window glass 200 shown in Figure 2 in that a shielding layer 151 is formed in contact with the conductive film 150.

[0062] The shielding layer 151 is a dark, opaque layer that forms a shielding region on the outer periphery of the vehicle window glass 400 in a plan view. The shielding layer 151 is a dark ceramic layer, commonly referred to as "black ceramic," that shields at least a portion of sunlight. The shielding layer 151 is formed, for example, by applying a printing ink containing a heat-resistant dark pigment, low-melting-point glass powder, resin, and solvent to a predetermined location and then baking it. From the viewpoint of enhancing aesthetics, the area where the conductive film 150 and the frame material 11 overlap in a plan view may be within the shielding region where the shielding layer 151 is formed.

[0063] An opening 152 may be formed in the shielding layer 151. The opening 152 is a portion of the shielding region where the shielding layer 151 was not partially formed. If an opening 152 is formed, as shown in Figure 8, the connecting wire 160 may be electrically connected to the conductive film 150 at the opening 152.

[0064] When the power supply lines 147, 149 and the connecting line 160 are bundled together as a single cable 401, the connecting line 160 may branch off from the power supply lines 147, 149 at an intermediate point and be electrically connected to the conductive film 150. In the example shown in Figure 10, the connecting line 160 is connected to the conductive film 150 at the opening 152 via a connecting member 153. The connecting member 153 is not particularly limited as long as it can electrically connect the conductive film 150 and the connecting line 160, and may be, for example, a conductive adhesive, solder, etc.

[0065] <Modifications, etc.> In the above embodiment, the case in which the conductive film 150 is arranged on either the second main surface or the fourth main surface was described. However, the conductive film 150 may also be arranged on the third main surface, or it may be provided on multiple main surfaces among the second, third, and fourth main surfaces. For example, a heat-reflective film may be arranged on the second main surface and a Low-E film may be arranged on the fourth main surface. When the conductive film 150 is arranged on the third main surface, or provided on multiple main surfaces among the second, third, and fourth main surfaces, at least one of the conductive films provided on the multiple main surfaces may be connected to the frame material 11. Furthermore, in Embodiment 4, the case in which the conductive film 150 and the shielding layer 151 are arranged on the fourth main surface was described, but the conductive film 150 and the shielding layer 151 may also be arranged on the second main surface. In this case, the conductive film 150 may be, for example, a heat-reflective film. Furthermore, when a heat-reflective film is placed on the second main surface of a vehicle window glass and a Low-E film is placed on the fourth main surface, the shielding layer 151 may be placed on the fourth main surface, for example.

[0066] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described. As a model for simulating the radiated electric field strength, a model was prepared in which laminated glass 16 was attached to a plate 15 in the following manner. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the model. As shown in Figure 11, the plate 15 has a rectangular opening in the center, and laminated glass 16 is attached to this opening. Hereinafter, the left-right direction shown in Figure 11 may be referred to as the z-axis direction, and the up-down direction may be referred to as the x-axis direction. The central part of the laminated glass 16 is assumed to have a coordinate of 0 mm in both the z-axis direction and the x-axis direction.

[0067] <Laminated Glass Structure> The laminated glass 16 was a square-shaped glass with a side length of 1020 mm. The laminated glass 16 consisted of two plate-shaped glass sheets with one interlayer sandwiched in between. The interlayer was made of PVB. A Low-E film was formed on the fourth main surface.

[0068] <Plate Configuration> As shown in Figure 12, a flange 15a was formed on the edge of the opening of the plate 15. The width of the flange 15a was 15 mm. The adhesive member 170 used to bond the laminated glass 16 to the plate 15 was a urethane-based adhesive. The adhesive member 170 was positioned 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a or along the end of the flange 15a. The width of the adhesive member 170 was 5 mm. In the example shown in Figure 12, a laminated glass 16 with a side length of 1020 mm and a Low-E film extending to the outer edge of the fourth main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm were used. Also, in the example shown in Figure 12, the adhesive member 170 was positioned 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0069] <Example 1> A model according to Example 1 was prepared using a laminated glass 16 with a square shape of side length of 1020 mm and a Low-E film provided up to the outer edge of the fourth main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 positioned 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0070] <Example 2> A model according to Example 2 was prepared using laminated glass 16 with a square shape on one side length of 1020 mm and a Low-E film provided 10 mm inward from the outer edge of the fourth main surface, i.e., to the edge of the flange 15a in a plan view, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0071] <Example 3> A model according to Example 3 was prepared using a laminated glass 16 with a square shape of side length of 1020 mm and a Low-E film provided up to 20 mm inside the outer edge of the fourth main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 placed 5 mm inside from the end of the flange 15a.

[0072] <Example 4> A model according to Example 4 was prepared using a laminated glass 16 with a side length of 1020 mm and no Low-E film on the fourth main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 positioned 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0073] <Example 5> A laminated glass 16, which is square in shape with sides of 1020 mm and has a Low-E film extending to the outer edge of the fourth main surface, was grounded by a connecting wire 160 at "Short-B" shown in Figure 11, and a model according to Example 5 was prepared. In the model according to Example 5, a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm was used, and the adhesive member 170 was placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a. "Short-B" was a location where the x-axis coordinate was 0 mm and the z-axis coordinate was -500 mm. The connecting wire 160 was a PEC (Perfect Electric Conductor) with a width of 1 mm and a thickness of 0 mm.

[0074] <Example 6> A laminated glass 16, which is square in shape with a side length of 1020 mm and has a Low-E film provided up to the outer edge of the fourth main surface, was grounded by a connecting line 160 at "Short-F" shown in Figure 11, and a model according to Example 6 was prepared. In the model according to Example 6, a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm was used, and the adhesive member 170 was placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a. "Short-F" was a location where the x-axis coordinate was 0 mm and the z-axis coordinate was 500 mm.

[0075] <Simulation> To evaluate the model obtained in this way, the radiated electric field strength was simulated. Generally, the height of a shark fin antenna is 100 mm or less. Therefore, assuming the position where the shark fin antenna is mounted, the radiated electric field strength in the z-axis direction at a position 100 mm from the top surface of plate 15 was simulated. The simulation results are shown in Figure 13. Examples 1, 5-6 are examples, and examples 2-4 are comparative examples. The results shown in Figure 13 are the average values ​​of the radiated electric field from 50 MHz to 1 GHz, and examples 1-4 and 5-6 are normalized using the maximum radiated electric field of Example 4.

[0076] The results from Examples 1 to 3 showed a tendency for the radiated electric field strength to decrease as the gap between the Low-E film and the flange 15a narrowed. In Example 1, the radiated electric field strength was particularly low compared to Examples 2 and 3, confirming that the radiated electric field strength could be further reduced by extending the Low-E film to the outer edge of the fourth main surface. In Example 5, the radiated electric field strength was lower compared to Examples 1 and 6, confirming that the radiated electric field strength could be further reduced by grounding the laminated glass 16 at the edge on the antenna mounting position side. Furthermore, in Examples 1, 5, and 6, the radiated electric field strength was 6 dB or more lower than the maximum radiated electric field strength of Example 4 in all measurement ranges.

[0077] Figure 14 shows the results normalized by the maximum radiated electric field for each of Examples 1 to 6. As shown in Figure 14, the measurement location where the radiated electric field was 3 dB lower than the maximum value was in a region more than 80 mm away from the end of the flange 15a, i.e., the location where the z-axis coordinate is -500 mm.

[0078] <Example 7> A model according to Example 7 was prepared using a laminated glass 16 with a square shape of side length of 1020 mm and a Low-E film provided up to the outer edge of the fourth main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 positioned 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0079] <Example 8> A model according to Example 8 was prepared using a laminated glass 16 with a square shape having a side length of 1020 mm and a Low-E film provided up to the outer edge of the fourth main surface, i.e., a position where the flange 15a and the Low-E film overlap by 5 mm in a plan view, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with an adhesive member 170 placed along the end of the flange 15a.

[0080] <Example 9> A model according to Example 9 was prepared using laminated glass 16 with a square shape having a side length of 1020 mm and a Low-E film provided to a position 60 mm inward from the outer edge of the fourth main surface, i.e., 50 mm away from the edge of the flange 15a in a plan view, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0081] <Example 10> A model according to Example 10 was prepared using laminated glass 16 with a square shape having a side length of 1020 mm and a Low-E film provided to 110 mm inward from the outer edge of the fourth main surface, i.e., 100 mm away from the edge of the flange 15a in a plan view, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0082] <Simulation> To evaluate the models obtained in this way, simulations similar to those for Examples 1 to 6 were performed for Examples 7 to 10. The simulation results for Examples 2, 4, and 7 to 10 are shown in Figure 19. Examples 7 and 8 are examples, and Examples 9 to 10 are comparative examples. As shown in Figure 19, in Examples 7 to 8, the radiated electric field strength was smaller compared to Examples 2, 4, and 9 to 10, confirming that the radiated electric field strength can be reduced by providing the Low-E film up to the outer edge of the fourth main surface. In Examples 9 to 10, the radiated electric field strength was particularly large in the region from the end of the flange 15a (z coordinate of the observation point is -500 mm) toward the center of the laminated glass 16, confirming that the gap between the end of the flange 11a and the end of the conductive film 150 can be a source of noise. In Example 4, where the Low-E film was not formed, it was confirmed that the radiated electric field strength at a position 50 mm away from the end of the flange 15a was 3 dB lower than the value at the end of the flange 15a.

[0083] Next, a model was prepared using laminated glass with a heat-reflective film consisting of a multilayer film containing a conductive layer mainly composed of Ag, which was provided on the second main surface.

[0084] <Example 11> A model according to Example 11 was prepared using laminated glass with a square shape of side length of 1020 mm and a heat-reflective film provided up to the outer edge of the second main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 positioned 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0085] <Example 12> A model according to Example 12 was prepared using laminated glass 16 with a square shape of side length of 1020 mm and a heat-reflective film provided up to 10 mm inside the outer edge of the second main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 placed 5 mm inside from the end of the flange 15a.

[0086] <Example 13> A model according to Example 13 was prepared using laminated glass with a square shape of side length of 1020 mm and a heat-reflective film provided up to 20 mm inside the outer edge of the second main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 placed 5 mm inside from the end of the flange 15a.

[0087] <Example 14> A model according to Example 14 was prepared using laminated glass with a side length of 1020 mm and no heat-reflective film on the second main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 positioned 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0088] <Example 15> A model according to Example 15 was prepared by grounding a laminated glass panel, which is square in shape with sides of 1020 mm and has a heat-reflective film extending to the outer edge of the second main surface, to "Short-B" using a connecting wire 160. In the model according to Example 5, a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm was used, and the adhesive member 170 was placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0089] <Example 16> A model according to Example 16 was prepared by grounding a laminated glass panel, which is square in shape with sides of 1020 mm and has a heat-reflective film extending to the outer edge of the second main surface, to "Short-F" using a connecting wire 160. In the model according to Example 6, a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm was used, and the adhesive member 170 was placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0090] <Simulation> To evaluate the models obtained in this way, the radiated electric field strength was simulated using the same method as in Examples 1 to 6 above. The simulation results are shown in Figure 15. From the results of Examples 11 to 13, it was observed that the radiated electric field strength tended to decrease as the gap between the heat reflective film and the flange 15a narrowed. In Example 11, the radiated electric field strength was particularly small compared to Examples 12 to 13, confirming that the radiated electric field strength could be further reduced by providing the heat reflective film to the outer edge of the second main surface. In Examples 11 and 16, the radiated electric field strength was about the same, and grounding the laminated glass on the side facing the power supply lines 147 and 149 did not have the effect of reducing the radiated electric field strength. In Example 15, the radiated electric field strength was small compared to Example 11, confirming that the radiated electric field strength could be reduced by grounding the laminated glass on the side facing the power supply lines 147 and 149. Furthermore, in Examples 11, 15, and 16, the radiated electric field strength was 6 dB or more lower than the maximum radiated electric field strength in Example 14 in the range where the z-axis coordinate was -60 mm or less or 50 mm or more.

[0091] Figure 16 shows the results normalized by the maximum radiated electric field intensity for each of the Examples 11 to 16. As shown in Figure 16, the measurement location where the radiated electric field intensity was 3 dB lower than the maximum value was in a region more than 80 mm away from the edge of the laminated glass, i.e., the location where the z-axis coordinate is -500 mm.

[0092] <Example 17> A model according to Example 17 was prepared using laminated glass 16 with a square shape of side length of 1020 mm and a heat-reflective film provided up to the outer edge of the second main surface, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 positioned 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0093] <Example 18> A model according to Example 18 was prepared using laminated glass 16 with a square shape having a side length of 1020 mm and a heat-reflective film provided 5 mm inward from the outer edge of the second main surface, i.e., at a position where the flange 15a and the heat-reflective film overlap by 5 mm in a plan view, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with an adhesive member 170 placed along the end of the flange 15a.

[0094] <Example 19> A model according to Example 19 was prepared using laminated glass 16 with a square shape having a side length of 1020 mm and a heat-reflective film provided 60 mm inward from the outer edge of the second main surface, i.e., 50 mm away from the edge of the flange 15a in a plan view, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0095] <Example 20> A model according to Example 20 was prepared using laminated glass 16 with a square shape on one side length of 1000 mm and a heat-reflective film provided 110 mm inward from the outer edge of the second main surface, i.e., 100 mm away from the edge of the flange 15a in a plan view, and a plate 15 with a flange 15a width of 15 mm, with the adhesive member 170 placed 5 mm inward from the end of the flange 15a.

[0096] <Simulation> To evaluate the models obtained in this way, simulations similar to those in Examples 1 to 6 were performed for Examples 17 to 20. The simulation results for Examples 12, 14, and 17 to 20 are shown in Figure 20. Examples 17 to 18 are examples, and Examples 19 to 20 are comparative examples. As shown in Figure 20, in Examples 17 to 18 the radiated electric field strength is smaller compared to Examples 12, 14, and 19 to 20, confirming that the radiated electric field strength can be reduced by providing the heat reflective film to the outer edge of the second main surface. In addition, in Examples 19 to 20 the radiated electric field strength is particularly large in the region from the end of the flange 15a (z coordinate of the observation point is -500 mm) toward the center of the laminated glass 16, confirming that the gap between the end of the flange 11a and the end of the conductive film 150 can be a source of noise. Furthermore, in example 14, where no heat-reflective film was formed, it was confirmed that the radiated electric field strength at a position 50 mm away from the end of the flange 15a was 3 dB lower than the value at the end of the flange 15a.

[0097] Although the present invention has been described above in accordance with the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiments, and of course includes various modifications, alterations, and combinations that can be made by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the claims of the present patent application.

[0098] This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-195231, filed on 7 November 2024, and incorporates all of its disclosures herein.

[0099] 10, 20, 30 Vehicle 11 Frame material 11a Flange 12 Antenna 100, 200, 300, 400 Vehicle window glass 110 First glass plate 120 Second glass plate 130 Interlayer 140 Dimming element 141 Dimming layer 142, 143 Conductive thin film 144, 145 Substrate 146, 148 Dimming bus bar 147, 149 Power supply line 150 Conductive film 151 Shielding layer 152 Opening 153 Connecting member 160 Connecting wire 170 Adhesive member 180 Fixing member 301, 401 Cable 15 Plate 15a Flange 16 Glass

Claims

1. A vehicle having a vehicle window glass installed in an opening formed by a conductive frame material provided on the vehicle body, wherein the vehicle window glass is a laminated glass comprising: a first glass plate having a first main surface and a second main surface; a second glass plate having a third main surface and a fourth main surface; an interlayer located between the second main surface and the third main surface; and a light-adjusting element located between the second main surface and the third main surface and in contact with the interlayer, wherein when the vehicle window glass is installed on the vehicle body, the first glass plate is located on the outside of the vehicle and the second glass plate is located on the inside of the vehicle, the light-adjusting element comprises a light-adjusting layer and a pair of conductive thin films sandwiching the light-adjusting layer in the thickness direction of the vehicle window glass, at least one of the second main surface, the third main surface and the fourth main surface has a conductive film formed up to the outer edge of the second main surface, the third main surface or the fourth main surface, and when the vehicle window glass is installed on the vehicle body, the conductive film overlaps with the frame material in a plan view. The vehicle further comprises an antenna attached to the vehicle body, wherein the antenna is positioned at a distance of 50 mm or more from the end of the frame material.

2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the width over which the conductive film overlaps with the frame material is 5 mm or more.

3. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is positioned at a distance of 80 mm or more and 1000 mm or less from the end of the frame material.

4. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive film is formed on the fourth main surface, and the conductive film is a low-emissivity film.

5. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive film is formed on the second main surface, and the conductive film is a heat-reflective film with a sheet resistance of 5 Ω / sq. or less.

6. The vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a heat-reflective film having a sheet resistance of 5 Ω / sq. or less is formed on the second main surface.

7. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is attached to a conductive roof portion of the vehicle.

8. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna is attached to the vehicle body or the vehicle window glass.

9. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the width over which the conductive film overlaps with the frame material is 5 mm or more.

10. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive film is connected to a connecting wire having a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to the conductive film, and the second end being electrically connected to the vehicle body.

11. The vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the first end is connected to the location in the conductive film closest to the connection point between the dimming busbar and the power supply line.

12. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the dimming busbar comprises a first dimming busbar and a second dimming busbar, the power supply line comprises a first power supply line and a second power supply line, the first dimming busbar is connected to the first power supply line at a first connection point, the second dimming busbar is connected to the second power supply line at a second connection point, and the first end is connected to the location closest to either the first connection point or the second connection point.

13. The vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the first end is connected to the location closest to an intermediate location between the first connection point and the second connection point.

14. The vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the first end is connected to the point in the conductive film closest to the center of the antenna.

15. The vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the second end is connected to the frame material.

16. A shielding region made of a non-conductive shielding layer is formed on the outer periphery of the fourth main surface, the conductive film is formed to be in contact with the fourth main surface, the shielding layer is formed to be in contact with the conductive film, and the region in which the conductive film and the frame material overlap in a plan view is within the region in which the shielding layer is formed, as described in claim 4.

17. A shielding region made of a non-conductive shielding layer is formed on the outer periphery of the second main surface, the conductive film is formed to be in contact with the second main surface, the shielding layer is formed to be in contact with the conductive film, and the region in which the conductive film and the frame material overlap in a plan view is within the region in which the shielding layer is formed, as described in claim 5.

18. The vehicle according to claim 16, wherein a heat-reflective film having a sheet resistance of 5 Ω / sq. or less is formed on the second main surface.

19. The vehicle according to claim 16, wherein the shielding region has an opening in which the shielding layer is partially absent, and the end of the conductive film is connected to the opening.

20. The vehicle according to claim 17, wherein the shielding region has an opening in which the shielding layer is partially absent, and the end of the conductive film is connected to the opening.

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