Intelligent digital signage system

Abstract

One example digital signage system includes a controller, an endpoint device, one or more solar modules, a solar plate stand, a power system, and a battery. The one or more solar modules, supported by the solar plate, are configured to harvest energy from indoor ambient light of an indoor environment. The power system is electrically coupled to the one or more solar modules and in communication with the controller. The power system is configured to receive an input voltage from the solar modules, increase the input voltage to an output voltage higher than the input voltage, and charge the battery, which provides power to the digital signage system.

Description

Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCTINTELLIGENT DIGITAL SIGNAGE SYSTEMCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefits of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 717,294 filed November 7, 2024, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 773,503 filed March 18, 2025, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 818,562 filed June 5, 2025, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND

[0002] Conventional digital signage systems are widely used in retail and commercial environments, sometimes featuring a third-party controller and multiple electronic paper displays (EPDs). However, such conventional digital signage systems face several significant operational limitations. For example, these systems often depend on external power sources, such as batteries or the power grid. Due to such dependencies, these systems cannot operate independently for extended periods without significant human intervention to replace / recharge batteries or ensure constant / consistent access to the power grid. Additionally, relying on the power grid exposes these systems to increasingly frequent power outages and brownouts.

[0003] Even for grid-independent digital signage systems (e.g., solar-based), ensuring reliable operations of such systems in diverse indoor settings is challenging due to significant fluctuations in energy harvesting and consumption. Specifically, the variability of indoor energy harvesting, coupled with inconsistent energy consumption patterns, makes maintaining uninterrupted operations of such systems difficult.

[0004] Conventional digital signage systems typically rely on wired power sources, limiting their flexibility, energy efficiency, and ease of deployment in indoor environments with variable lighting conditions. In addition, configurations of conventional digital signage systems rarely provide robust battery protection, streamlined server communication for content management, or advanced sensor integrations, resulting in higher maintenance cost, limited versatility, and underwhelming interactivity in indoor applications.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT

[0005] The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope. The disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings.

[0006] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example EPD-based digital signage system, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0007] FIG. 2A illustrates an example EPD-based digital signage system configured to operate in a portrait orientation, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0008] FIG. 2B illustrates an example EPD-based digital signage system configured to operate in a landscape orientation, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0009] FIG. 3 illustrates an example endpoint device, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 4A illustrates one example of a solar plate stand coupled to an endpoint device, which is configured to operate in a landscape orientation, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 4B illustrates one example of a solar plate stand coupled to an endpoint device, which is configured to operate in a portrait orientation, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4C illustrates an enlarged view of a solar plate stand, including a pivoting mechanism, positioned at a first angle relative to an endpoint device, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 4D illustrates an enlarged view of a solar plate stand, including a pivoting mechanism, positioned at a second angle relative to an endpoint device, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an example solar plate stand, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective view of an example solar plate stand, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates an example solar module and a combination of an endpoint device and a solar plate stand, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates perspective views of one or more solar modules, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0018] FIGs. 8A and 8B illustrate perspective views of example solar modules, an example solar plate stand, and an example endpoint device, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0019] FIGs. 9A, 9B, and 9C illustrate perspective views of example solar modules, an example solar plate stand, and an example endpoint device, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an example combined solar module, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 A is a perspective view of an example EPD-based digital signage system, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 11 B is a perspective view of an example EPD-based digital signage system, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 12 is a state diagram illustrating interactions between an example controller and an example power system, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 13 is a state diagram illustrating interactions among an example controller, a microcontroller unit (MCll), and an example server of an EPD-based digital signage system, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] To address at least the aforementioned challenges, a self-sustaining EPD- based digital signage system designed to intelligently harvest energy, manage energy consumption, and process / deliver content is disclosed.System Overview

[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates an example EPD-based digital signage system 100, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments, EPD- based digital signage system 100 includes one or more solar modules 110, powerAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT system 120, and endpoint device 130. In some other embodiments, EPD-based digital signage system 100 further includes sensor module 140.

[0027] In some embodiments, one or more solar modules 110 are configured to harvest energy from the indoor ambient light of an indoor environment. More specifically, solar module 110 includes semiconductor materials and architectures that match the spectral characteristics of indoor lighting sources such as lightemitting diodes (LEDs), fluorescent lamps, and diffused natural light, which differ significantly from the broader spectrum of sunlight. Solar modules 110 are configured to provide sustainable power sources for EPD-based digital signage system 100. In some embodiments, one or more solar modules 110 are configured to generate a voltage of about 0.5 volts to about 0.8 volts under the indoor ambient light. Any two adjacent solar modules of solar modules 110 may be electrically connected in series or parallel.

[0028] In some embodiments, power system 120 is configured to electrically couple to solar modules 1 10. Power system 120 is configured to regulate and enhance energy transfer from solar modules 110 to downstream electronic devices or energy storage elements (e.g., a battery). Power system 120 is configured to receive direct current (DC) power generated by solar modules 110, increase a voltage of the DC power to a higher output voltage, and provide a stable charging current corresponding to the output voltage to the downstream electronic devices or batteries. Power system 120 is also configured to provide charge management functions, including protection against overcharging and reverse current, thus extending the lifespan of the batteries.

[0029] In some embodiments, endpoint device 130 includes battery 131 , buck converter 132, power rail 133, EPD 134, and controller 135. Controller 135 further includes communication module 136 and input / output (I / O) module 137. Battery 131 is electrically coupled to power system 120 and configured to be charged by power system 120. Additionally, battery 131 is configured to provide power to EPD-based digital signage system 100. In some embodiments, battery 131 is physically integrated in endpoint device 130. In alternative embodiments, battery 131 is an external component attached to endpoint device 130. Battery 131 can be removable and swapped in and out.Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT

[0030] Power system 120 is configured to receive DC power generated by solar modules 110 (e.g., in about 0.5 volts to about 0.8 volts) and to increase the output voltage to a higher voltage (e.g., about 10 volts to about 17 volts, for example, about 14 volts) while providing a stable charging current to battery 131 . Buck converter 132 is configured to receive power from battery 131 . More specifically, buck converter 132 may include a DC-to-DC regulator that steps down a higher input voltage (e.g., about 14 volts) to a lower output voltage (e.g., about 12 volts) while increasing the output current. Power rail 133 is configured to receive power from buck converter 132 and provide one or more consistent power levels to EPD 134, controller 135, and sensor module 140. EPD 134 is configured to display contents. Controller 135 is configured to control EPD-based digital signage system 100 and communicate with server 150 and mobile device 160 through communication module 136. Controller 135 is configured to receive user inputs from mobile device 160 through I / O module 137. In some embodiments, mobile device 160 may be, without limitation, a laptop, a satellite phone, a cell phone, a tablet computer, etc. In some embodiments, communication module 136 includes network communication capabilities, which may include, but are not limited to, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LAN, and other wireless or wired communication technologies.

[0031] In some embodiments, controller 135 is configured to perform health diagnostic checks on the key components of EPD-based digital signage system 100, such as, without limitation, EPD 134, battery 131 , and sensor module 140.Controller 135 is further configured to cause certain data to be transmitted to server 150 and / or mobile device 160. Example data may include, without limitation, data sensed by passive Infrared (PIR) sensor 144 and radar sensor 145, activation counts and frequencies of light beacon 142 and buzzer 143, refresh frequency and count of EPD 134, input and output power information of power system 120, real-time voltage of battery 131 , etc.

[0032] In some embodiments, sensor module 140 includes MCU 141 , light beacon 142, buzzer 143, PIR sensor 144, and radar sensor 145. MCU 141 is communicationally connected with controller 135 so that data or commands can be exchanged between MCU 141 and controller 135. MCU 141 is configured to control light beacon 142, buzzer 143, PIR sensor 144, and radar sensor 145. Light beacon 142 and buzzer 143 are configured to respectively generate visual effects and soundAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT effects to attract one or more customers’ attention in an indoor environment where the indoor ambient light exists. PIR sensor 144 and radar sensor 145 are configured to capture behavior and traffic data of the customers, such as, without limitation, motions of the customers, distances between the customers and EPD-based digital signage system 100, velocity of the customers, and dwell time of the customers around EPD-based digital signage system 100, etc. In some other embodiments, sensor module 140 includes an ambient sensor to detect ambient environmental conditions of EPD-based digital signage system 100, such as temperature, humidity, and ambient light levels. Controller 135 may be configured to adjust the display brightness of EPD 134 based on the detected ambient light levels.Solar Cell Module(s)

[0033] FIG. 2A illustrates an example EPD-based digital signage system 200 configured to operate in a portrait orientation, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. For illustration purposes, EPD-based digital signage 200 includes two solar modules 210 and endpoint device 230. In conjunction with FIG. 1 , solar modules 210 correspond to solar modules 110, and endpoint device 230 corresponds to endpoint device 130. In the portrait orientation, solar module 210 is positioned along the width dimension, the shorter side, of endpoint device 230. EPD-based digital signage system 200 may further include sensor module 240, which corresponds to sensor module 140 in FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, the MCU within sensor module 240 is configured to receive information (e.g., from a mobile device) indicating EPD-based digital signage system 200 is in a portrait orientation. With the received portrait orientation information, the MCU in sensor module 240 is configured to interpret the data captured by the PIR sensor and the radar sensor of sensor module 240 based on the portrait orientation.

[0034] FIG. 2B illustrates an example EPD-based digital signage system 200’ configured to operate in a landscape orientation, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. For illustration purposes, EPD-based digital signage 200’ includes one solar module 210’ and endpoint device 230’. In conjunction with FIG. 1 , solar module 210’ corresponds to solar modules 110, and endpoint device 230’ corresponds to endpoint device 130. In the landscape orientation, solar module 210’ is positioned along the length dimension, the longer side, of endpoint device 230’. As shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, solar module 210’ is longer in length than solarAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT module 210. EPD-based digital signage system 200’ may further include sensor module 240’, which corresponds to sensor module 140 in FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, the MCU within sensor module 240’ is configured to receive information (e.g., from a mobile device) indicating EPD-based digital signage system 200 is in a landscape orientation. With the received landscape orientation information, the MCU in sensor module 240’ is configured to interpret the data captured by the PIR sensor and the radar sensor of sensor module 240’ based on the landscape orientation.

[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates an example endpoint device 300, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In conjunction with FIG. 1 , endpoint device 300 corresponds to endpoint device 130. In some embodiments, endpoint device 300 comprises a first opening 301 , a second opening 302, a pair of first holes 303 and 303’, a pair of second holes 304 and 304’, and a port 310.

[0036] In some embodiments, first opening 301 is positioned along the length dimension of endpoint device 300. A first charging cable terminal is embedded within first opening 301 , which may be covered with a first protective cover. In some embodiments, a pair of first holes 303 and 303’ are located adjacent to first opening 301.

[0037] Similarly, in some embodiments, second opening 302 is positioned along the width dimension of endpoint device 300. A second charging cable terminal is embedded within second opening 302, which may be covered with a second protective cover. In some embodiments, a pair of second holes 304 and 304' are located adjacent to second opening 302.

[0038] In addition, in some embodiments, endpoint device 300 further comprises a pair of third holes 305 and 305’ and a pair of fourth holes 306 and 306’. Third holes 305 and 305’ are located along the length dimension of endpoint device 300, while fourth holes 306 and 306’ are located along the width dimension of endpoint device 300.

[0039] In some other embodiments, in conjunction with FIG1 , sensor module 140 may be an external component to endpoint device 300. Sensor module 140 may be connected to endpoint device 300 via port 310.Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT

[0040] FIG. 4A illustrates one example of solar plate stand 420 coupled to endpoint device 430, which is configured to operate in a landscape orientation, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In conjunction with FIG. 1 , endpoint device 430 corresponds to endpoint device 130, and power system 120 may be housed within solar plate stand 420. As shown, solar plate stand 420 is coupled to the length dimension, the longer side, of endpoint device 430.

[0041] FIG. 4B illustrates one example of solar plate stand 420’ coupled to endpoint device 430’, which is configured to operate in a portrait orientation, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In conjunction with FIG. 1 , endpoint device 430’ corresponds to endpoint device 130, and power system 120 may be housed within solar plate stand 420'. As shown, solar plate stand 420’ is coupled to the width dimension, the shorter side, of endpoint device 430’. In some embodiments, solar plate stand 420 and solar plate stand 420’ have the same dimensions. In other embodiments, solar plate stand 420 and solar plate stand 420’ have different dimensions.

[0042] In some embodiments, solar plate stand 420 / 420’ includes support assembly 421 / 421 ’ and platform 422 / 422’. Support assembly 421 / 421 ’ is configured to couple platform 422 / 422’ to endpoint device 430 / 430’ at a designated part of endpoint device 430 / 430’. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, support assembly 421 / 421 ’ is coupled to the back of endpoint device 430 / 430’. Platform 422 / 422’ is configured to support one or more solar modules.

[0043] Some embodiments of solar plate stand 420 / 420’ include pivoting mechanism 423, which is capable of positioning platform 422 / 422’ at an angle relative to endpoint device 430 / 430’. FIG. 4G and FIG. 4D illustrate enlarged views of solar plate stand 420 / 420’, including pivoting mechanism 423, positioned at a first angle and a second angle relative to endpoint device 430 / 430’, respectively, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4C, angle 440 between platform 422 / 422’ and the surface of endpoint device 430 / 430’ is at a first angle (e.g., approximately at 90 degrees). As shown in FIG. 4D, after pivoting mechanism 423 has moved platform 422 / 422’ to a different position, platform 422 / 422’ and the surface of endpoint device 430 / 430’ become parallel, resulting in a second angle between platform 422 / 422’ and the surface of endpoint deviceAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT430 / 430’. In some embodiments, pivoting mechanism 423 is configured to maintain its position at any angle within the range of angles defined by angle 440. Examples of pivoting mechanism 423 include, without limitation, a specialized hinge (e.g., friction hinge), a gas spring, etc. Therefore, the angle of the solar module(s) mounted on platform 422 / 422’, relative to endpoint device 430 / 430’, can be adjusted to accommodate different lighting conditions. In addition, unlike the configurations shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, support assembly 421 / 421 ’ shown in FIG. 4G and FIG. 4D is coupled to the frame of endpoint device 430 / 430’.

[0044] FIG. 5A illustrates an example solar plate stand 500, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In conjunction with FIGs. 4A and 4B, solar plate stand 500 corresponds to solar plate stand 420 or 420’. Solar plate stand 500 may include a pogo pin connector 51 1 , a pair of screw holes 512 and 512’, a pair of screw holes 513 and 513’, and a pair of fixing holes 514 and 514’. In some embodiments, in conjunction with FIG. 3, screw holes 512 and 512’ may align with first holes 303 and 303’ of endpoint device 300, respectively. This configuration allows solar plate stand 500 to be fixed along the length dimension of endpoint device 300 using fixing elements that penetrate first holes 303 and 303’ and screw holes 512 and 512’.Similarly, in conjunction with FIG. 3, screw holes 513 and 513’ may align with second holes 304 and 304’ of endpoint device 300, respectively, enabling solar plate stand 500 to be fixed along the width dimension of endpoint device 300 with fixing elements penetrating second holes 304 and 304’ and screw holes 513 and 513’. In some embodiments, pogo pin connector 511 is a female pogo pin connector.

[0045] FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective view of solar plate stand 500’, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In conjunction with FIGs. 4A and 4B, solar plate stand 500’ corresponds to solar plate stand 420 or 420’. In some embodiments, power system 515 is housed within solar plate stand 500’.Additionally, solar plate stand 500’ includes cable connector 516 electrically coupled to power system 515. In some embodiments, in conjunction with FIG. 1 , power system 515 corresponds to power system 120. In some embodiments, in conjunction with FIG. 3, cable connector 516 is configured to be electrically coupled to either the first charging cable terminal embedded in first opening 301 or the second charging cable terminal embedded in second opening 302. Furthermore,Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT power system 515 is configured to charge a battery in endpoint device 300 through cable connector 516 and the first charging cable terminal or the second charging cable terminal. Additionally, the length of cable connector 516 may be customized to accommodate different configurations. In one example configuration, solar plate stand 500’ is not directly mounted on the endpoint device but is positioned closer to a light source to improve energy harvesting efficiency. The length of cable connector 516 in such a configuration may be significantly longer than what is shown in FIG.5B. In some embodiments, in conjunction with FIG. 1 , the battery in endpoint device 300 corresponds to battery 131 .

[0046] FIG. 6 illustrates an example solar module 610 and a combination of endpoint device 630 and solar plate stand 620, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments, solar module 610 may be detachably coupled to solar plate stand 620 using one or more fixing members. Additionally, solar module 610 may include one or more magnetic members 612 incorporated within solar module 610.

[0047] FIG 7 illustrates perspective views of two solar modules 710, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments, solar modules 710 correspond to solar modules 110. Any of solar modules 710 may comprise a first pogo pin connector 711 located on a first side of the solar module 710 and second pogo pin connector 712 located on a second side of the solar module 710. First pogo pin connector 711 may be a male pogo pin connector, while second pogo pin connector 712 may be a female pogo pin connector. In conjunction with FIG. 5A, first pogo pin connector 711 is configured to connect to pogo pin connector 511. In some other embodiments, second pogo pin connector 712 is configured to connect to a pogo pin connector on the first side of another solar module, enabling modular interconnection.

[0048] FIGs. 8A and 8B illustrate perspective views of one or more solar modules 810, solar plate stand 820, and endpoint device 830, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. Solar modules 810 may correspond to solar modules 710. In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 8A and in conjunction with FIG. 5A, fixing holes 821 and 821 ’ of solar plate stand 820 correspond to fixing holes 514 and 514’, respectively. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8B, oneAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT or more solar modules 810 further defines fixing holes 811 and 811 ’ on the bottom of solar modules 810. One or more fixing members are configured to penetrate through fixing holes 811 and 821 , as well as fixing holes 811 ’ and 821 to detachably couple one of solar modules 810 to solar plate stand 820.

[0049] FIGs. 9A, 9B, and 9C illustrate perspective views of solar modules 910, 910a, and 910b, and endpoint device 930, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. Any of solar modules 910, 910a, or 91 Ob may correspond to solar modules 710; and endpoint device 930 may correspond to endpoint device 130. In some embodiments, in conjunction with FIGs. 6 and 7, after first solar module 910 is coupled to a combination of endpoint device 930 and a solar plate stand, second solar module 910a may be magnetically coupled to first solar module 910 via magnetic members 612 disposed in both modules, forming a first combined solar module comprising solar modules 910 and 910a. Additionally, a pogo pin connector of first solar module 910 may be electrically connected to a pogo pin connector of second solar module 910a, thereby establishing a power interconnection between first solar module 910 and second solar module 910a. Similarly, as illustrated in FIG. 9C, third solar module 910b can be magnetically and electrically connected to second solar module 910a, providing additional power to endpoint device 930 and forming a second combined solar module comprising solar modules 910, 910a, and 910b. Through the electronic interconnections of solar modules 910, 910a, and 910b, the combined solar module can provide scalable power for the EPD-based digital signage system.

[0050] FIG. 10 illustrates a combined solar module 1010 for endpoint device 1030, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. For illustration purposes, combined solar module 1010 may include three independent solar modules. In some embodiments, each of the three solar modules may differ in size and / or power capacity.

[0051] FIG. 11 A illustrates a perspective view of EPD-based digital signage system 1100 comprising combined solar module 1110, solar plate stand 1 120, endpoint device 1130, and coupling element 1140, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments, combined solar module 1110 corresponds to combined solar module 1010; solar plate stand 1120 corresponds to solar plateAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT stand 500 or 500’; and endpoint device 1130 corresponds to endpoint device 130. In FIG. 11 A, combined solar module 1110 is coupled to solar plate stand 1120. Solar plate stand 1120 defines holes 1 121 and 1122, which align with holes 1143 and1144 of coupling element 1140, respectively. Fixing elements are configured to penetrate through holes 1121 and 1122 and corresponding holes 1143 and 1144, thereby fastening solar plate stand 1120 to coupling element 1 140. Coupling element 1140 defines two openings 1 141 and 1142, which align with holes 1 131 and 1132 of endpoint device 1130, respectively. One or more fasteners are configured to penetrate through openings 1141 and 1 142 and corresponding holes 1131 and1132, thereby fastening coupling element 1140 to endpoint device 1130. In some embodiments, in conjunction with Fig. 3, holes 1131 and 1132 correspond to third holes 305 and 305’, respectively. Coupling element 1140 further defines opening1145 configured to allow a cable connector to penetrate through. In conjunction with FIG. 5, the cable connector here may correspond to cable connector 516. In contrast with other embodiments set forth above, combined solar module 1110, solar plate stand 1120, endpoint device 1130, and coupling element 1140 are arranged in a substantially coplanar manner, facilitating mounting of EPD-based digital signage system 1 100 on a wall.

[0052] FIG. 11 B illustrates a perspective view of EPD-based digital signage system 1100’ comprising combined solar module 11 10’, solar plate stand 1120’, endpoint device 1130’, and coupling element 1140’, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments, combined solar module 1110’ corresponds to combined solar module 1010; solar plate stand 1120’ corresponds to solar plate stand 500 or 500'; and endpoint device 1 130’ corresponds to endpoint device 130. In FIG. 11 B, combined solar module 11 10’ is coupled to solar plate stand 1120’. Solar plate stand 1120’ defines holes 1121 ’ and 1122’, which align with holes 1143’ and 1 144’ of coupling element 1 140’, respectively. Fixing elements are configured to penetrate through holes 1121 ’ and 1122’ and corresponding holes 1143’ and 1144’, thereby fastening solar plate stand 1120’ to coupling element 1140’. Coupling element 1140’ further defines two openings 1141 ’ and 1142’, which align with holes 1131 ’ and 1132’ of endpoint device 1 130’, respectively. One or more fasteners are configured to penetrate through openings 1141’ and 1142’ and corresponding holes 1131 ’ and 1132’, thereby fastening coupling element 1140’ to endpoint device 1130’.Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCTIn some embodiments, in conjunction with Fig. 3, holes 1131 ’ and 1132’ correspond to fourth holes 306 and 306’, respectively. Coupling element 1140’ further defines opening 1145’ configured to allow a cable connector to penetrate through. In conjunction with FIG. 5, the cable connector here may correspond to cable connector 516. In contrast with other embodiments set forth above, combined solar module 1110’, solar plate stand 1120’, endpoint device 1130’, and coupling element 1140’ are arranged in a substantially coplanar manner, facilitating mounting of EPD- based digital signage system 1100’ on a wall.Power Management

[0053] FIG. 12 is a state diagram illustrating interactions 1200 between controller 1210 and power system 1220, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments, in conjunction with FIG. 1 , controller 1210 corresponds to controller 135, and power system 1220 corresponds to power system 120.

[0054] In some embodiments, at step 1231 , controller 1210 is configured to transmit power system configuration data to power system 1220. Power system 1220 may adjust one or more operation parameters based on the power system configuration data. The power system configuration data may include, without limitation, an identification of an energy source being harvested and a corresponding energy harvesting mode. For example, the power system configuration data may specify harvesting energy from one or more solar modules under a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, where a defined MPPT ratio corresponds to a selected fraction of the solar modules’ open-circuit voltage, thereby increasing energy extraction efficiency. The power system configuration data further includes, but is not limited to, threshold voltages associated with a battery (e.g., battery 131 in FIG.1 ) that is to be charged by power system 1220. More specifically, threshold voltages may include an overdischarge cut-off voltage, an overcharge voltage, and a charge completion voltage.

[0055] In some embodiments, in state 1232, power system 1220 is configured to operate in accordance with the power system configuration data received from controller 1210. For example, power system 1220 is configured to harvest energy from one or more solar modules under the MPPT mode with a defined MPPT ratioAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT specified by the power system configuration data. Additionally, power system 1220 is configured to monitor a real-time voltage of the battery that is to be charged by power system 120. Moreover, power system 1220 is configured to selectively charge or discharge the battery based on the monitored real-time voltage of the battery, and the threshold voltages defined in the power system configuration data. More specifically, in some embodiments, power system 1220 is configured to (1 ) stop charging the battery in response to the real-time voltage of the battery reaching the overcharge voltage; (2) stop discharging the battery in response to the real-time voltage of the battery falling below the overdischarge cut-off voltage; and (3) resume discharging of the battery in response to the real-time voltage of the battery reaching the charge completion voltage.

[0056] In some embodiments, at step 1233, power system 1220 is configured to transmit input and output power information to controller 1210. Example input and output power information includes, but is not limited to, voltage and current of one or more solar modules from which power system 1220 has harvested energy, voltage and current of energy delivered to a battery (e.g., battery 131 of FIG. 1 ), and cumulative energy transferred from the solar modules to the battery. In some embodiments, power system 1220 is further configured to operate in (1 ) a pulse counter mode, in which discrete energy transfer events are counted to calculate total energy transferred from the solar modules to the battery, or (2) a power meter mode, in which voltage and current measurements are sampled to compute instantaneous or average power delivered to the battery. Additionally, power system 1220 is also configured to transmit a real-time voltage of the battery to controller 1210. In some embodiments, the input and output power information and the real-time voltage of the battery are transmitted via an l2C interface between power system 1220 and controller 1210.

[0057] FIG. 13 is a state diagram illustrating interactions 1300 among controller 1310, MCU 1320, and server 1330 of an EPD-based digital signage system, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments, in conjunction with FIGs. 1 and 12, controller 1310 corresponds to controller 135 or controller 1210, MCU 1320 corresponds to MCU 141 , and server 1330 correspondsAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT to server 150. In some embodiments, controller 1310 is configured to control MCU 1320.

[0058] In some embodiments, controller 1310 operates in an active mode in state 1341.

[0059] In some embodiments, at step 1342, while in the active mode, controller 1310 is configured to retrieve system configuration data and a content package stored on server 1330. The system configuration data includes, but is not limited to, (1 ) one or more first set of predetermined time periods to maintain controller 1310 operate in the active mode, (2) one or more second set of predetermined time periods to maintain controller 1310 operate in a sleep mode, (3) a daily refresh frequency for an EPD of the EPD-based digital signage system, (4) settings for components controlled by MCU 1320, such as a light beacon, a PIR sensor, a radar sensor, and a buzzer, and (5) the power system configuration data set forth above. The content package may include one or more images to be displayed on the EPD according to the daily refresh frequency. In some embodiments, the system configuration data may be updated by updating a configuration file at server 1330. Additionally, the content package may also be updated at server 1330 by removing existing images from the content package and adding new images into the content package at server 1330. In some embodiments, prior to retrieving the content package from server 1330, controller 1310 is configured to request a first checksum of the content package also from server 1330. Controller 1310 is further configured to compare the first checksum with a second checksum of the content package that the EPD displays. In response to the first checksum and the second checksum being the same, indicating the two content packages are identical, controller 1310 is configured not to retrieve the content package from server 1330. On the other hand, controller 1310 is configured to retrieve the content package from server 1330 in response to the first checksum and the second checksum being different, indicating that the two content packages are different.

[0060] In some embodiments, at step 1343, still in the active mode, controller 1310 is configured to transmit the received settings (for components controlled by MCU 1320) to MCU 1320 so that MCU 1320 is configured to control the components according to the received settings. Additionally, controller 1310 is also configured toAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT transmit a power state of the EPD-based digital signage system to MCU 1320. The power state is determined based on the real-time voltage of the battery. Specifically, in response to the real-time voltage of the battery exceeding a high threshold voltage, controller 1310 determines that the EPD-based digital signage system is in a “high level power state” and transmits the power state of “high level power state” to MCU 1320. In response to the real-time voltage of the battery below a low threshold voltage, controller 1310 determines that the EPD-based digital signage system is in a “low level power state” and transmits the power state of “low level power state” to MCU 1320. In response to the real-time voltage of the battery between the high threshold voltage and the low threshold voltage, controller 1310 determines that the EPD-based digital signage system is in a “middle level power state” and transmits the power state of “middle level power state” to MCU 1320. In some embodiments, the settings include activation and deactivation criteria of components controlled by MCU 1320 based on the received power state.

[0061] In some embodiments, based on the second set of predetermined time periods received at step 1342, controller 1310 may be configured to transition from the active mode to the sleep mode in state 1344 to conserve energy. In conjunction with FIG. 1 , when controller 1310 is in the sleep mode, communication module 136 and I / O module 137 are deactivated as well. Furthermore, in the sleep mode, EPD 134 is configured to discontinue refreshing the displayed content.

[0062] In some embodiments, while controller 1310 is in the sleep mode, MCU 1320 remains in an active mode in state 1345 and controls components such as the light beacon, the PIR sensor, the radar sensor, and the buzzer according to the settings received at step 1343. MCU 1320 consumes less power than controller 1310, therefore, employing MCU 1320 instead of controller 1310 to control the light beacon, the PIR sensor, the radar sensor, and the buzzer facilitates self-sustaining operations. Additionally, MCU 1320 is configured to acquire sensor data associated with behaviors of customers (e.g., motions of the customers, distances between the customers and the EPD-based digital signage system, velocity of the customers, and dwell time of the customers around the EPD-based digital signage system) from the PIR sensor and the radar sensor and timestamps corresponding to the acquired data.Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT

[0063] Additionally, in state 1345, MCU 1320 is configured to coordinate operations of the PIR sensor and the radar sensor to optimize detection accuracy and conserve energy by selectively placing the radar sensor into a low-power idle mode or an active tracking mode depending on detected customer presence. More specifically, the PIR sensor, which draws negligible current, operates continuously to detect changes in infrared radiation caused by motion of warm-bodied objects (e.g., customers) within a defined engagement zone and provides low-power interrupts to MCU 1320 indicating potential customer presence. In this configuration, the PIR sensor serves as a motion trigger, causing MCU 1320 to activate the radar sensor only when needed. Once activated, the radar sensor emits and receives high- frequency radio waves and processes time-of-flight and Doppler shifts to determine distance, velocity, angle, and number of nearby customers, thereby enabling detailed tracking, gesture recognition, and dwell-time analysis. Additionally, the radar sensor is configured to assist in identifying false detections by the PIR sensor, as the radar sensor provides additional information relating to the distance, the velocity, the angle, and the number of nearby customers. Based on the detection output from the radar sensor, MCU 1320 is further configured to validate whether the activation event detected by the PIR sensor corresponds to a genuine customer presence condition. In response to MCU 1320 determining that the activation event is not a genuine customer presence condition, MCU 1320 is configured to place the radar sensor back in the low-power idle mode. The light beacon provides visual cues by blinking, flashing, or changing color to draw customer attention or indicate system conditions such as proximity events, ongoing promotions, or active states, while MCU 1320 regulates duty cycle, brightness, and activation of the light beacon based on inputs from the PIR sensor and the radar sensor to perceptibility while limiting energy consumption. The buzzer may be actuated to generate complementary audible alerts to reinforce the visual cues.

[0064] In some embodiments, MCU 1320 includes a finite state machine (FSM) that governs transitions between the low-power idle mode and the active tracking mode of the PIR sensor and the radar sensor based on the power state received from controller 1310 at step 1343. The FSM manages operations of the PIR sensor and the radar sensor to balance accurate motion detection with power efficiency. The FSM defines states including Deep Sleep State, Idle Monitoring State, ActiveAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCTSensing State, Engaged Interaction State, Data Synchronization and Transmission State to govern transitions between the low-power idle mode and the active tracking mode of the PIR sensor and the radar sensor. In some embodiments, the Deep Sleep State, the Idle Monitoring State, and the Active Sensing State may correspond to the sleep mode of controller 1310.

[0065] In some embodiments, in the Deep Sleep State, MCll 1320 places the radar sensor and the PIR sensor both in the low-power idle mode.

[0066] In the Idle Monitoring State, MCU 1320 places the PIR sensor in the active tracking mode to actively scanning for motions while the radar sensor maintains in the low-power idle mode. Upon the PIR sensor detecting motions, the FSM transitions from the Idle Monitoring State to the Active Sensing State.

[0067] In the Active Sensing State, MCU 1320 places both the radar sensor and the PIR sensor in the active tracking mode. The radar sensor measures approach speed, distance, and trajectory, while the PIR sensor continues general motion detection. MCU 1320 limits a sensing duration for energy efficiency, returning to the Idle Monitoring State if no engagement is detected. If there is an engagement in the sensing duration, the FSM transitions from the Active Sensing State to the Engaged Interaction State.

[0068] In the Engaged Interaction State, the radar sensor and the PIR sensor continuously operate in the active tracking mode. Additionally, in the Engaged Interaction State, in conjunction with FIG. 1 , MCU 1320 (e.g., MCU 141) is configured to control light beacon 142 in generating visual effects and buzzer 143 in generating sound effects, and controller 135 is configured to control EPD 134 to refresh at a higher frequency to attract customers’ attention. The FSM remains in this State until the radar sensor detects no motion. In response to no motions being detected, the FSM transitions from the Engaged Interaction State to the Idle Monitoring State. Alternatively, the Engaged Interaction State may be based on a predetermined schedule, such as weekends, holidays, or peak store hours. In some other embodiments, the FSM may further define an Enhanced Engaged Interaction State. The Enhanced Engaged Interaction State may be based on the predetermined schedule set forth above (e.g., weekends, holidays, or peak storeAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT hours). In the Enhanced Engaged Interaction State, MCU 1320 is configured to control light beacon 142 in generating stronger visual effects and buzzer 143 in generating stronger sound effects, and controller 135 is configured to control EPD 134 to refresh at a much higher frequency to attract customers' attention than the frequency in the Engaged Interaction State. In some embodiments, power saved under the Deep Sleep State and the Idle Monitoring State may be used to support power used in the Engaged Interaction State and the Enhanced Engaged Interaction State. In some embodiments, the Engaged Interaction State and the Enhanced Interaction State correspond to the active mode of controller 1310.

[0069] In some embodiments, at steps 1343 and 1347, data is exchanged between controller 1310 and MCU 1320. In these two steps, the FSM maintains in the Data Synchronization and Transmission State. In the Data Synchronization and Transmission State, the PIR sensor and the radar sensor are both in the low-power idle mode to conserve power and avoid interference. In some embodiments, the Data Synchronization and Transmission State may correspond to the active mode of controller 1310.

[0070] In some embodiments, MCU 1320 may recognize that now is a high-energy margin condition. For example, if a battery of the EPD-based digital signage system is full or near-full and solar input is strong, the EPD-based digital signage system may pre-emptively do a content refresh (even if not scheduled yet) to keep visuals relevant (lunch time special), or run the radar sensor in a low-level scan just to gather extra background traffic data. Conversely, if the battery is low, the FSM may downshift to the Deep Sleep State or the Idle Monitoring State.

[0071] In some embodiments, based on the first set of predetermined time periods received at step 1342, controller 1310 may transition from the sleep mode back to the active mode in state 1346.

[0072] In some embodiments, at step 1347, while operating in the active mode, controller 1310 retrieves the data and timestamps acquired from MCU 1320 while MCU 1320 is in state 1345. At step 1348, controller 1310 is configured to transmit the data and timestamps retrieved to server 1330. Additionally, in conjunction with FIG 1 , controller 1310 is also configured to transmit health status information ofAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT components of the EPD-based digital signage system, for example, without limitation, duty cycles of these components, refresh frequency and count of EPD 134, input and output power information of power system 120, and real-time voltage of battery 131 to server 1330. In some embodiments, server 1330 includes an artificial intelligence engine. The artificial intelligence engine is configured to dynamically edit the system configuration data according to the data, timestamps, and the health status information received from controller 1310 at step 1348. The edited system configuration data will then be retrieved by controller 1310 at step 1342. In some embodiments, step 1348 loops back to step 1342 to repeat the process.Provisioninq / lnstallation

[0073] In conjunction with FIG. 1 to FIG. 13, the preceding paragraphs describe a system, such as EPD-based digital signage system 100 of FIG. 1 , that is engineered for self-sustaining operations within an indoor environment. In some embodiments, EPD-based digital signage system 100 supports an installation aid that guides an installer in selecting a location with a sufficient indoor ambient light level for energy harvesting. In addition, EPD-based digital signage system 100 also supports monitoring the indoor environment and adaptively adjusting its power consumption profile.

[0074] In some embodiments, endpoint device 130 optionally includes LED 138. LED 138 is configured to blink at a frequency based on a power level provided by power system 120 or the network signal strength at or near endpoint device 130. Specifically, in response to the power level or the network signal strength exceeding a predetermined threshold, LED 138 is configured to remain continuously illuminated (i.e. , not blinking), indicating that the indoor ambient light level is sufficient to operate EPD-based digital signage system 100 or the network signal strength is sufficient for EPD-based digital signage system 100 to connect to a network and communicate with, for example, server 150. On the other hand, in response to the power level or the network signal strength being below the predetermined threshold, LED 138 is configured to blink. The blinking frequency of LED 138 increases as the indoor ambient light level or the network signal strength decreases. Accordingly, the blinking frequency of LED 138 serves as an aid for an installer to identify a suitableAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT location to install EPD-based digital signage system 100, where the indoor ambient light level or the network signal strength is sufficient for its intended operations. For illustration, there may be three different blinking frequencies to help guide an installer: no blinking, a first blinking frequency corresponding to a lower but acceptable power level or the network signal strength, and a second blinking frequency, higher than the first blinking frequency, corresponding to an unfavorable power level or network signal strength.

[0075] In some other embodiments, an installer may interact with an application on mobile device 160 to determine the installation location after mobile device 160 is connected to endpoint device 130 via communication module 136. For example, the application may obtain power-related information from endpoint device 130 via communication module 136, such as the battery’s remaining charge (Pb) and the power level provided by power system 120 (Plv). Additionally, the application may include a user interface (e.g., graphical or audio, etc.) for the installer to input various power consumption parameters, such as, the predetermined schedule for the Engaged Interaction State or the Enhanced Engaged Interaction State, the number of images in a playlist for EPD 134 to display, the configuration of the FSM set forth above, etc. For illustration, the installer may also input following example power consumption parameters to the user interface, such as average energy consumption each time EPD-based digital signage system 100 powers on (Pr), energy consumption for per EPD 134 refresh (Pi), energy consumption per cloud synchronization event with server 150 (Ps), daily refresh frequency of EPD 134 refreshes (Fi), and daily frequency of cloud sync events with server 150 (Fs).

[0076] In some embodiments, based on the obtained power-related information from endpoint device 130 and input power consumption parameters, the application on mobile device 160 is configured to calculate an expected net power balance value. In response to the expected net power balance value exceeding a predetermined threshold, the application provides an indication that the installation location may support self-sustained operations of EPD-based digital signage system 100 (e.g., indicating the number of years EPD-based digital signage system 100 can be selfsustained). Otherwise, the application generates a notification indicating that, for example, additional solar modules should be added, the angle of the solar modules mounted on the solar plate stand should be adjusted, or that EPD-based digitalAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT signage system 100 should be relocated to a different installation location. The installer may override the notification by accepting the constraints for operating EPD- based digital signage system 100 at this installation location. Alternatively, the installer may change power consumption parameters (e.g., decreasing Fi or Fs) for the application on mobile device 160 to recalculate the net power balance.

[0077] In some embodiments, an expected power usage Ec of EPD-based digital signage system 100 may be calculated based on equation (1 ):Ec = (Fi + Fs) X Pr + Fi X Pi + Fs X Ps (1)Additionally, an expected power gain Eg of EPD-based digital signage system 100 may be calculated based on equation (2):Eg = Plv X Tlight (2) where Tlight represents the effective daily illumination duration (e.g., the number of hours per day the lights in the indoor environments are on). Tlight is also a parameter that the installer can input to the user interface of the application on mobile device 160.The net power balance value is the difference between Eg and Ec.

[0078] For illustration, assuming Plv is 0.2 mW, Tlight is 12 hours per day, Fi is 5 times per day, Fs is 4 times per day, Pr is 0.1 mW, Pi is 0.5mW, and Ps is 0.2mW, Ec will be 4.2 mW and Eg will be 2.4 mW, and the net power balance value will be - 1 .8mW per day. Therefore, the application on mobile device 160 will provide an indication that additional solar modules 110 should be added or that EPD-based digital signage system 100 should be relocated to a different installation location. After the addition of solar modules 110 or relocation of EPD-based digital signage system 100, assuming the net power balance value is still negative, the application on mobile device 160 will provide an indication to lower Fi and / or Fs to reduce expected power consumption so as to increase the net power balance value.

[0079] In some embodiments, the application may obtain the network signal strength detected at or near endpoint device 130 from endpoint device 130 via communication module 136. An installer may also interact with the application on mobile device 160 to determine the installation location after mobile device 160 is connected to endpoint device 130 via communication module 136. For example, theAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT application may output an alert indicating whether the network signal strength is sufficient for the intended operations of EPD-based digital signage system 100 at a potential installation location.

[0080] To adaptively adjust the power consumption baseline of EPD-based digital signage system 100, in some embodiments, MCU 141 is configured to establish a power consumption baseline by polling Plvs at regular intervals. MCU 141 is configured to store polled Plvs before transmitting the information to controller 135 in the Data Synchronization and Transmission State. Controller 135 is configured to transmit the Plvs to server 150 in the Data Synchronization and Transmission State after receiving the Plvs from MCU 141 . Each Plv is compared to the previous Plv to detect changes. When a successive Plv falls within a predefined tolerance, MCU 141 determines that the power consumption baseline is in a steady state and transitions to a longer polling interval. Such an adaptive polling strategy may minimize redundant data generation and reduce energy consumption. After reaching the steady state, in response to a successive Plv falling below the predefined tolerance, MCU 141 is configured to detect a disruption, store the disruption before transmitting it to controller 135 in the Data Synchronization and Transmission State, transition to a shorter polling interval, and establish a new power consumption baseline based on polled Plvs. Such a disruption may occur in different scenarios, such as, without limitation, changes in indoor ambient light levels, changes in the number of solar modules 110, malfunctions of one or more solar modules 110, changes in network signal strength, etc. MCU 141 is configured to transmit the established power consumption baseline(s) and the detected disruption to controller 135 in the Data Synchronization and Transmission State. In response to the detected disruptions having a consistent pattern (e.g., between 10 P.M. and 6 A.M. each day because the indoor lighting is turned off), controller 135 is configured to upload the power consumption baseline(s) and these disruptions to server 150 and take no further actions. Similarly, in response to the level of battery 131 exceeding a predetermined threshold (e.g., 80%) when detecting the disruptions, because battery 131 has sufficient power to support self-sustained operations of EPD-based digital signage system 100, controller 135 is configured to upload the power consumption baseline(s) and these disruptions to server 150 and take no further actions. In contrast, in response to the detected disruptions being abrupt or the level of batteryAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT131 being below a predetermined threshold (e.g., 80%) when detecting the disruptions, controller 135 is configured to upload the power consumption baseline(s) and these disruptions to server 150, activate communication module 136, connect with mobile device 160, and prompt an alert in the application on mobile device 160. In response to receiving the alert, the installer should perform on-site inspections for EPD-based digital signage system 100. Alternatively, when disruptions are detected, controller 135 is configured to automatically lower Fi and / or Fs to reduce power consumption in response to the level of battery 131 being below the predetermined threshold. In some other embodiments, in the Data Synchronization and Transmission State, controller 135 is configured to upload additional information to server 150, such as the number of solar modules 110, indoor ambient light level, Wi-Fi signal strength, etc. Based on the information uploaded by controller 135, in some embodiments, an artificial intelligence engine running on server 150 is configured to dynamically edit the system configuration data to be downloaded by controller 135 in the next synchronization event between controller 135 and server 150. Therefore, controller 135 may dynamically and intelligently manage components on EPD-based digital signage system 100 to adaptively operate based on the adjusted power consumption profile.

[0081] The present disclosure provides significant improvements in energy efficiency and sustainability for digital signage systems operating under the challenging conditions of limited indoor ambient light. By intelligently harvesting energy from indoor lighting sources through specially designed modular solar modules and employing an adaptive power system with real-time monitoring and configurable modes, the digital signage system optimizes energy extraction and consumption. This results in prolonged uninterrupted operation with minimal human intervention and reduced reliance on external power sources. Furthermore, the integration of dynamic power state management and sensor control ensures that energy is conserved during low-demand periods without compromising functionality or user engagement. Overall, the disclosed system addresses the inherent variability and scarcity of indoor ambient light to deliver a self-sustaining, energy-conscious digital signage solution capable of efficient operation across diverse indoor environments.

Claims

Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCTCLAIMS:1 . A digital signage system, comprising: a controller having a communication module and an input / output module and configured to control the digital signage system; an endpoint device including an electronic paper display (EPD); one or more solar modules configured to harvest energy from indoor ambient light of an indoor environment; a solar plate stand configured to support the one or more solar modules; a power system, electrically coupled to the one or more solar modules, and in communication with the controller, wherein the power system is configured to receive an input voltage from the solar modules, increase the input voltage to an output voltage higher than the input voltage, and provide a charging current corresponding to the output voltage; and a battery configured to be charged by the power system and to provide power to the digital signage system.

2. The digital signage system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more solar modules are magnetically coupled to one another using magnetic members incorporated within the solar modules to form a combined solar module.

3. The digital signage system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more solar modules are connected in series or in parallel to provide scalable power for the digital signage system.

4. The digital signage system of claim 1 , wherein a first solar module of the one or more solar modules defines one or more fixing holes configured to detachably couple the first solar module to the solar plate stand.

5. The digital signage system of claim 1 , wherein the endpoint device defines a first set of holes along a length dimension of the endpoint device and a second set of holes along a width dimension of the endpoint device.

6. The digital signage system of claim 5, wherein the solar plate stand defines a firstAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT set of screw holes configured to align with the first set of holes and a second set of screw holes configured to align with the second set of holes.

7. The digital signage system of claim 6, wherein the one or more solar modules are configured to be coupled to the length dimension of the endpoint device in a landscape orientation in response to the solar plate stand being coupled to the endpoint device with one or more fixing elements through the first set of screw holes and the first set of holes.

8. The digital signage system of claim Q, wherein the one or more solar modules are configured to be coupled to the width dimension of the endpoint device in a portrait orientation in response to the solar plate stand being coupled to the endpoint device with one or more fixing elements through the second set of screw holes and the second set of holes.

9. The digital signage system of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor module including a microcontroller unit (MCU), a passive infrared sensor, a radar sensor, a light beacon, and a buzzer.

10. The digital signage system of claim 9, further comprising a light-emitting diode (LED), wherein the controller retrieves system configuration data and a content package from a server, causes the LED to blink at a first frequency partly based on a network signal strength at or near the endpoint device, and the system configuration data includes at least one of a first set of predetermined time periods for maintaining the controller in an active mode, a second set of predetermined time periods for maintaining the controller in a sleep mode, a refresh frequency for the EPD, settings for components controlled by the MCU, and threshold voltages associated with the battery.11 . The digital signage system of claim 10, wherein power-related information is sent to an application running on a mobile device via the communication module for the application to determine an installation location of the digital signage system.Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT12. The digital signage system of claim 11 , wherein the application includes a user interface configured to receive power consumption parameters.

13. The digital signage system of claim 12, wherein the application is configured to generate a notification indicating an action to support self-sustained operations of the digital signage system, the action including one or more of adding additional solar modules, adjusting an angle of the solar modules relative to the indoor ambient light, relocating the digital signage system to a different installation location, and lowering one or more power consumption parameters, or confirming a proper installation location to support self-sustained operations of the digital signage system.

14. The digital signage system of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to transition between the active mode and the sleep mode based on the first set of predetermined time periods and the second set of predetermined time periods to conserve energy.

15. The digital signage system of claim 10, wherein the power system is configured to protect the battery from being overcharged based on power system configuration data included in the system configuration data.

16. The digital signage system of claim 10, wherein the EPD is configured to display content based on the content package and refresh at the refresh frequency specified in the system configuration data.

17. The digital signage system of claim 16, wherein when a disruption is detected, the controller is configured to lower the refresh frequency in response to detecting a low power provided by the battery.

18. The digital signage system of claim 1 , wherein the input / output module is configured to receive a user input from a mobile device.

19. The digital signage system of claim 1 , further comprising a coupling element configured to enable wall mounting of the one or more solar modules, the power plate stand, and the endpoint device arranged in a substantially coplanar manner.Atty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT20. The digital signage system of claim 9, wherein the MCU is in communication with the controller and configured to receive settings of the passive infrared sensor, the radar sensor, the light beacon, and the buzzer from the controller, and to control activation and deactivation of the passive infrared sensor, the radar sensor, the light beacon, and the buzzer according to the settings.21 . The digital signage system of claim 9, wherein the MCU is configured to control the light beacon to generate visual effects and the buzzer to generate sound effects to attract customers’ attention in the indoor environment.

22. The digital signage system of claim 9, wherein the MCU is configured to control the passive infrared sensor and the radar sensor to detect one or more of motion, distance, speed, and direction of one or more customers in the indoor environment, and to transmit the detected motions and timestamps associated with the detected motions to the controller.

23. The digital signage system of claim 22, wherein the MCU is configured to control the passive infrared sensor in a low-power mode to continuously monitor for motion within a defined zone and transition the radar sensor from the low-power mode to an active mode in response to the motion detected by the passive infrared sensor.

24. The digital signage system of claim 22, wherein the MCU includes a finite state machine that governs operations of the passive infrared sensor, the radar sensor, the light beacon, and the buzzer based on power state information of the digital signage system received from the controller.

25. The digital signage system of claim 9, wherein the MCU is configured to store a disruption detected by the MCU and a power consumption baseline established based on polled power levels provided by the power system to the controller.

26. The digital signage system of claim 1 , wherein the first solar module comprises a first male connector located on a first side and a second female connector located on a second side, enabling a modular interconnection between the first solar moduleAtty. Docket: 192-0003-PCT and a second solar module of the one or more solar modules.

27. The digital signage system of claim 1 , wherein the power system is housed within the solar plate stand.

28. The digital signage system of claim 10, wherein the LED is configured to blink at a second frequency based on a power level provided by the power system.

29. The digital signage system of claim 1 , wherein the solar plate stand includes a platform and a pivoting mechanism, and the pivoting mechanism is capable of positioning the platform at an angle relative to the endpoint device.

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